Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine hydrochloride after IM and IV administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius).
\nAnimals—13 healthy 3-year-old captive-bred American kestrels.
\nProcedures—Buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.6 mg/kg) was administered IM to all birds. Blood samples were collected at 9 times, ranging from 5 minutes to 9 hours after drug administration. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were measured by use of tandem liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by use of least squares linear regression and noncompartmental analysis of naïve pooled data. After a washout period of 2 weeks, the same dose of buprenorphine was administered IV to all birds and blood samples were collected at the same times after drug administration.
\nResults—Maximum plasma buprenorphine concentration was achieved within 5 minutes after IM administration. For IM administration, bioavailability was 94.8% and elimination half-life was 92.1 minutes. For IV administration, steady-state volume of distribution was 4,023.8 mL/kg, plasma clearance was 49.2 mL/min/kg, and elimination half-life was 105.5 minutes.
\nConclusions and Clinical Relevance—Buprenorphine was rapidly absorbed, and bioavailability was good after IM administration to American kestrels. Plasma buprenorphine concentrations were > 1 ng/mL for 9 hours after both IM and IV administration. These results, in combination with those of a pharmacodynamic study, suggested that the analgesic effects of buprenorphine could last at least 6 to 9 hours in this species. Further investigations of the duration of analgesic effects, multiple-dose protocols, and potential adverse effects of buprenorphine are warranted in American kestrels and other raptors.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association","doi":"10.2460/ajvr.75.8.711","usgsCitation":"Gustavsen, K.A., Guzman, D., Knych, H.K., Petritz, O.A., Olsen, G.H., and Paul-Murphy, J.R., 2014, Pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine hydrochloride following intramuscular and intravenous administration to American kestrels (Falco sparverius): American Journal of Veterinary Research, v. 75, no. 8, p. 711-715, https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.75.8.711.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"711","endPage":"715","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-060182","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472847,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.75.8.711","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":300126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"554b3b38e4b082ec5412718e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gustavsen, Kate A.","contributorId":140581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gustavsen","given":"Kate","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13536,"text":"University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon","contributorId":138651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guzman","given":"David Sanchez-Migallon","affiliations":[{"id":12476,"text":"Veterinary Teaching Hopsital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Knych, Heather K.","contributorId":140582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knych","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":13537,"text":"KL Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petritz, Olivia A.","contributorId":140583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petritz","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13536,"text":"University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olsen, Glenn H. 0000-0002-7188-6203 golsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-6203","contributorId":40918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Glenn","email":"golsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Paul-Murphy, Joanne R.","contributorId":138654,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul-Murphy","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12479,"text":"Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, DA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":546226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70145458,"text":"70145458 - 2014 - Modeling future scenarios of light attenuation and potential seagrass success in a eutrophic estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-07T09:51:22","indexId":"70145458","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling future scenarios of light attenuation and potential seagrass success in a eutrophic estuary","docAbstract":"Estuarine eutrophication has led to numerous ecological changes, including loss of seagrass beds. One potential cause of these losses is a reduction in light availability due to increased attenuation by phytoplankton. Future sea level rise will also tend to reduce light penetration and modify seagrass habitat. In the present study, we integrate a spectral irradiance model into a biogeochemical model coupled to the Regional Ocean Model System (ROMS). It is linked to a bio-optical seagrass model to assess potential seagrass habitat in a eutrophic estuary under future nitrate loading and sea-level rise scenarios. The model was applied to West Falmouth Harbor, a shallow estuary located on Cape Cod (Massachusetts) where nitrate from groundwater has led to eutrophication and seagrass loss in landward portions of the estuary. Measurements of chlorophyll, turbidity, light attenuation, and seagrass coverage were used to assess the model accuracy. Mean chlorophyll based on uncalibrated in-situ fluorometry varied from 28 μg L−1 at the landward-most site to 6.5 μg L−1 at the seaward site, while light attenuation ranged from 0.86 to 0.45 m-1. The model reproduced the spatial variability in chlorophyll and light attenuation with RMS errors of 3.72 μg L−1 and 0.07 m-1 respectively. Scenarios of future nitrate reduction and sea-level rise suggest an improvement in light climate in the landward basin with a 75% reduction in nitrate loading. This coupled model may be useful to assess habitat availability changes due to eutrophication and sediment resuspension and fully considers spatial variability on the tidal timescale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2014.07.005","usgsCitation":"del Barrio, P., Ganju, N., Aretxabaleta, A.L., Hayn, M., Garcia, A., and Howarth, R.W., 2014, Modeling future scenarios of light attenuation and potential seagrass success in a eutrophic estuary: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 149, p. 13-23, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2014.07.005.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056843","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299448,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"West Falmouth Harbor","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.65839767456053,\n 41.5937496696796\n ],\n [\n -70.65839767456053,\n 41.61287552704954\n ],\n [\n -70.63058853149414,\n 41.61287552704954\n ],\n [\n -70.63058853149414,\n 41.5937496696796\n ],\n [\n -70.65839767456053,\n 41.5937496696796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"149","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5524ffaee4b027f0aee3d479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"del Barrio, Pilar","contributorId":140079,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"del Barrio","given":"Pilar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13379,"text":"Environmental Hydraulics Institute \"IH Cantabria\", C/ Isabel Torres nº15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ganju, Neil K. 0000-0002-1096-0465 nganju@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1096-0465","contributorId":1314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ganju","given":"Neil K.","email":"nganju@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aretxabaleta, Alfredo L. 0000-0002-9914-8018 aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9914-8018","contributorId":5464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aretxabaleta","given":"Alfredo","email":"aaretxabaleta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":544224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hayn, Melanie","contributorId":57754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayn","given":"Melanie","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13003,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garcia, Andres","contributorId":81565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Andres","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13379,"text":"Environmental Hydraulics Institute \"IH Cantabria\", C/ Isabel Torres nº15, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Howarth, Robert W.","contributorId":32066,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howarth","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13003,"text":"Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70192716,"text":"70192716 - 2014 - The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T14:24:16","indexId":"70192716","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1011,"text":"Biogeosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis","docAbstract":"The large amount of soil carbon in boreal forest ecosystems has the potential to influence the climate system if released in large quantities in response to warming. Thus, there is a need to better understand and represent the environmental sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition. Most soil carbon decomposition models rely on empirical relationships omitting key biogeochemical mechanisms and their response to climate change is highly uncertain. In this study, we developed a multi-layer microbial explicit soil decomposition model framework for boreal forest ecosystems. A thorough sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify dominating biogeochemical processes and to highlight structural limitations. Our results indicate that substrate availability (limited by soil water diffusion and substrate quality) is likely to be a major constraint on soil decomposition in the fibrous horizon (40–60% of soil organic carbon (SOC) pool size variation), while energy limited microbial activity in the amorphous horizon exerts a predominant control on soil decomposition (>70% of SOC pool size variation). Elevated temperature alleviated the energy constraint of microbial activity most notably in amorphous soils, whereas moisture only exhibited a marginal effect on dissolved substrate supply and microbial activity. Our study highlights the different decomposition properties and underlying mechanisms of soil dynamics between fibrous and amorphous soil horizons. Soil decomposition models should consider explicitly representing different boreal soil horizons and soil–microbial interactions to better characterize biogeochemical processes in boreal forest ecosystems. A more comprehensive representation of critical biogeochemical mechanisms of soil moisture effects may be required to improve the performance of the soil model we analyzed in this study.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014","usgsCitation":"He, Y., Zhuang, Q., Harden, J.W., McGuire, A.D., Fan, Z., Liu, Y., and Wickland, K.P., 2014, The implications of microbial and substrate limitation for the fates of carbon in different organic soil horizon types of boreal forest ecosystems: a mechanistically based model analysis: Biogeosciences, v. 11, p. 4477-4491, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4477","endPage":"4491","ipdsId":"IP-052014","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4477-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0425c6e4b0dc0b45b45421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"He, Y.","contributorId":23319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"He","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhuang, Q.","contributorId":40772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Q.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harden, Jennifer W. 0000-0002-6570-8259 jharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-8259","contributorId":1971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Jennifer","email":"jharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, A. David 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":166708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A.","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":716763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fan, Z.","contributorId":31211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fan","given":"Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":721305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Liu, Y.","contributorId":127400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6940,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wickland, Kimberly P. 0000-0002-6400-0590 kpwick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6400-0590","contributorId":1835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wickland","given":"Kimberly","email":"kpwick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":721307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70189781,"text":"70189781 - 2014 - Comparison of NGA-West2 directivity models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T11:05:01","indexId":"70189781","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of NGA-West2 directivity models","docAbstract":"Five directivity models have been developed based on data from the NGA-West2 database and based on numerical simulations of large strike-slip and reverse-slip earthquakes. All models avoid the use of normalized rupture dimension, enabling them to scale up to the largest earthquakes in a physically reasonable way. Four of the five models are explicitly “narrow-band” (in which the effect of directivity is maximum at a specific period that is a function of earthquake magnitude). Several strategies for determining the zero-level for directivity have been developed. We show comparisons of maps of the directivity amplification. This comparison suggests that the predicted geographic distributions of directivity amplification are dominated by effects of the models' assumptions, and more than one model should be used for ruptures dipping less than about 65 degrees.
","language":"English","publisher":"Earthquake Engineering Research Institute","doi":"10.1193/080313EQS222M","usgsCitation":"Spudich, P.A., Rowshandel, B., Shahi, S., Baker, J.W., and Chiou, B.S., 2014, Comparison of NGA-West2 directivity models: Earthquake Spectra, v. 30, no. 3, p. 1199-1221, https://doi.org/10.1193/080313EQS222M.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1199","endPage":"1221","ipdsId":"IP-054577","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5979aa57e4b0ec1a488b8c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spudich, Paul A. 0000-0002-9484-4997 spudich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9484-4997","contributorId":2372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"Paul","email":"spudich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowshandel, Badie","contributorId":140541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rowshandel","given":"Badie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shahi, Shrey","contributorId":140542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shahi","given":"Shrey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baker, Jack W.","contributorId":115861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chiou, Brian S-J","contributorId":195134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chiou","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S-J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70155237,"text":"70155237 - 2014 - Integrated assessment of runoff from livestock farming operations: analytical chemistry, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:01:45","indexId":"70155237","displayToPublicDate":"2014-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated assessment of runoff from livestock farming operations: analytical chemistry, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures","docAbstract":"Animal waste from livestock farming operations can contain varying levels of natural and synthetic androgens and/or estrogens, which can contaminate surrounding waterways. In the present study, surface stream water was collected from 6 basins containing livestock farming operations. Aqueous concentrations of 12 hormones were determined via chemical analyses. Relative androgenic and estrogenic activity was measured using in vitro cell assays (MDA-kb2 and T47D-Kbluc assays, respectively). In parallel, 48-h static-renewal in vivo exposures were conducted to examine potential endocrine-disrupting effects in fathead minnows. Mature fish were exposed to surface water dilutions (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) and 10-ng/L of 17α-ethynylestradiol or 50-ng/L of 17β-trenbolone as positive controls. Hepatic expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor α mRNA, gonadal ex vivo testosterone and 17β-estradiol production, and plasma vitellogenin concentrations were examined. Potentially estrogenic and androgenic steroids were detected at low nanogram per liter concentrations. In vitro estrogenic activity was detected in all samples, whereas androgenic activity was detected in only 1 sample. In vivo exposures to the surface water had no significant dose-dependent effect on any of the biological endpoints, with the exception of increased male testosterone production in 1 exposure. The present study, which combines analytical chemistry measurements, in vitro bioassays, and in vivo fish exposures, highlights the integrated value and future use of a combination of techniques to obtain a comprehensive characterization of an environmental chemical mixture.
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The research project has been coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), with extensive technical interactions among many individuals and organizations. NGA-West2 addresses several key issues in ground-motion seismic hazard, including updating the NGA database for a magnitude range of 3.0–7.9; updating NGA ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) for the “average” horizontal component; scaling response spectra for damping values other than 5%; quantifying the effects of directivity and directionality for horizontal ground motion; resolving discrepancies between the NGA and the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site amplification factors; analysis of epistemic uncertainty for NGA GMPEs; and developing GMPEs for vertical ground motion. This paper presents an overview of the NGA-West2 research program and its subprojects.
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Basal friction is evaluated using a generalized Coulomb rule, and fluid motion is evaluated in a frame of reference that translates with the velocity of the granular phase, vs. Source terms in each of the depth-averaged balance equations account for the influence of the granular dilation rate, defined as the depth integral of ∇⋅vs. Calculation of the dilation rate involves the effects of an elastic compressibility and an inelastic dilatancy angle proportional to m−meq, where meq is the value of m in equilibrium with the ambient stress state and flow rate. Normalization of the model equations shows that predicted debris-flow behaviour depends principally on the initial value of m−meq and on the ratio of two fundamental timescales. One of these timescales governs downslope debris-flow motion, and the other governs pore-pressure relaxation that modifies Coulomb friction and regulates evolution of m. A companion paper presents a suite of model predictions and tests.
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The oceanographic data and numerical circulation modeling results from this study demonstrate that circulation in Agat Bay was strongly driven by winds and waves at longer (>1 day) timescales and by the tides at shorter (<1 day) timescales; near-surface currents in deep water were primarily controlled by the winds, whereas currents on the shallow reef flats were dominated by wave-driven motions. Water-column properties exhibited strong seasonality coupled to the shift from the trade wind to the non-trade wind season. During the dry trade-wind season, waters were cooler and more saline. When the winds shifted to a more variable pattern, waters warmed and became less saline because of a combination of increased thermal insolation from lack of wind forcing and higher rainfall. Turbidity was relatively low in Agat Bay and was similar to levels measured elsewhere along west-central Guam. The numerical circulation modeling results provide insight into the potential paths of buoyant material released from a series of locations along west-central Guam under summer non-trade wind forcing conditions that characterize coral spawning events. This information may be useful in evaluating the potential zones of influence/impact resulting from transport by surface currents of material released from these select locations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141130","usgsCitation":"Storlazzi, C., Cheriton, O., Lescinski, J.M., and Logan, J., 2014, Coastal circulation and water-column properties in the War in the Pacific National Historical Park, Guam: measurements and modeling of waves, currents, temperature, salinity, and turbidity, April-August 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1130, vi, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141130.","productDescription":"vi, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-04-01","temporalEnd":"2012-08-31","ipdsId":"IP-052524","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291498,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141130.jpg"},{"id":291496,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1130/"},{"id":291497,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1130/pdf/ofr2014-1130.pdf"}],"country":"Guam","otherGeospatial":"Agat Bay;War In The Pacific National Historical Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.618381,13.229648 ], [ 144.618381,13.654225 ], [ 144.956536,13.654225 ], [ 144.956536,13.229648 ], [ 144.618381,13.229648 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53db4a39e4b0fba533f99624","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":77889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheriton, Olivia M. 0000-0003-3011-9136","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9136","contributorId":7630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheriton","given":"Olivia M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lescinski, Jamie M.R.","contributorId":93579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lescinski","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Logan, Joshua B.","contributorId":34470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Logan","given":"Joshua B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70118240,"text":"70118240 - 2014 - Crustal structure beneath the Paleozoic Parnaíba Basin revealed by airborne gravity and magnetic data, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-13T06:16:53","indexId":"70118240","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-31T09:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crustal structure beneath the Paleozoic Parnaíba Basin revealed by airborne gravity and magnetic data, Brazil","docAbstract":"The Parnaíba Basin is a large Paleozoic syneclise in northeastern Brazil underlain by Precambrian crystalline basement, which comprises a complex lithostructural and tectonic framework formed during the Neoproterozoic–Eopaleozoic Brasiliano–Pan African orogenic collage. A sag basin up to 3.5 km thick and 1000 km long formed after the collage. The lithologic composition, structure, and role in the basin evolution of the underlying basement are the focus of this study. Airborne gravity and magnetic data were modeled to reveal the general crustal structure underneath the Parnaíba Basin. Results indicate that gravity and magnetic signatures delineate the main boundaries and structural trends of three cratonic areas and surrounding Neoproterozoic fold belts in the basement. Triangular-shaped basement inliers are geophysically defined in the central region of this continental-scale Neoproterozoic convergence zone. A 3-D gravity inversion constrained by seismological data reveals that basement inliers exhibit a 36–40.5 km deep crustal root, with borders defined by a high-density and thinner crust. Forward modeling of gravity and magnetic data indicates that lateral boundaries between crustal units are limited by Brasiliano shear zones, representing lithospheric sutures of the Amazonian and São Francisco Cratons, Tocantins Province and Parnaíba Block. In addition, coincident residual gravity, residual magnetic, and pseudo-gravity lows indicate two complex systems of Eopaleozoic rifts related to the initial phase of the sag deposition, which follow basement trends in several directions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.tecto.2013.12.009","usgsCitation":"de Castro, D.L., Fuck, R.A., Phillips, J.D., Vidotti, R.M., Bezerra, F.H., and Dantas, E.L., 2014, Crustal structure beneath the Paleozoic Parnaíba Basin revealed by airborne gravity and magnetic data, Brazil: Tectonophysics, v. 614, p. 128-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2013.12.009.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045727","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science 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Castro, David L.","contributorId":32097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Castro","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuck, Reinhardt A.","contributorId":9586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuck","given":"Reinhardt","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vidotti, Roberta M.","contributorId":33635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vidotti","given":"Roberta","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bezerra, Francisco H. R.","contributorId":116290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bezerra","given":"Francisco","email":"","middleInitial":"H. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dantas, Elton L.","contributorId":43686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dantas","given":"Elton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70101466,"text":"sir20145041 - 2014 - Synthesis of studies in the fall low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary, September-December 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:26:53","indexId":"sir20145041","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-31T08:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5041","title":"Synthesis of studies in the fall low-salinity zone of the San Francisco Estuary, September-December 2011","docAbstract":"In fall 2011, a large-scale investigation (fall low-salinity habitat investigation) was implemented by the Bureau of Reclamation in cooperation with the Interagency Ecological Program to explore hypotheses about the ecological role of low-salinity habitat in the San Francisco Estuary—specifically, hypotheses about the importance of fall low-salinity habitat to the biology of delta smelt Hypomesus transpacificus, a species endemic to the San Francisco Estuary and listed as threatened or endangered under federal and state endangered species legislation. The Interagency Ecological Program is a consortium of 10 agencies that work together to develop a better understanding of the ecology of the Estuary and the effects of the State Water Project and Federal Central Valley Project operations on the physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the San Francisco Estuary. The fall low-salinity habitat investigation constitutes one of the actions stipulated in the Reasonable and Prudent Alternative issued with the 2008 Biological Opinion of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, which called for adaptive management of fall Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta outflow following “wet” and “above normal” water years to alleviate jeopardy to delta smelt and adverse modification of delta smelt critical habitat. The basic hypothesis of the adaptive management of fall low-salinity habitat is that greater outflows move the low-salinity zone (salinity 1–6), an important component of delta smelt habitat, westward and that moving the low-salinity zone westward of its position in the fall of recent years will benefit delta smelt, although the specific mechanisms providing such benefit are uncertain. An adaptive management plan was prepared to guide implementation of the adaptive management of fall low-salinity habitat and to reduce uncertainty.
\nThis report has three major objectives:
\n• To provide a summary of the results from the first year of coordinated fall low-salinity habitat studies and monitoring.
\n• To provide a synthesis of the results of the fall low-salinity habitat studies and other ongoing research and monitoring, to determine if the available information supports the hypotheses behind the adaptive management of fall low-salinity habitat as set forth in the adaptive management plan.
\n• To begin to put the results from the fall low-salinity habitat studies into context within the larger body of knowledge regarding the San Francisco Estuary and, in particular, the upper San Francisco Estuary, including the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, Suisun Bay, and associated embayments.
The basic approach of this report is to evaluate predictions derived from the hypotheses included in the conceptual model developed within the adaptive management plan. All available data from studies and monitoring conducted in fall 2011 and similar data from fall 2006, which was the most recent wet year preceding 2011, were considered. Data from 2005 and 2010 were also considered, to include the conditions antecedent to those years.
\nMany of the predictions either could not be evaluated with the data available, or the needed data were not collected. Most of the predictions that could be addressed involved either the abiotic habitat components (that is, the physical environment) or delta smelt responses. In general, the fall low-salinity habitat investigation has been largely inconclusive as of the writing of this report. This is not to be unexpected in the first year of what is intended to be a multi-year adaptive-management effort. This report can be viewed as the first chapter of a “living document” that is to be continually updated as part of the adaptive management cycle. The results of this report, especially predictions with insufficient data for evaluation, indicate a number of science-based approaches to improve the fall low-salinity habitat investigations:
\n• Develop a method of measuring “hydrodynamic complexity.” This concept is central to a number of the predictions that could not be evaluated.
\n• Determine if wind speed warrants a stand-alone prediction. The wind-speed prediction is directly related to the turbidity predictions, and wind is only one of several factors important for determining turbidity.
\n• Determine the correct spatial and temporal scale or scales necessary for monitoring and for studies to address the predicted abiotic and biotic responses. Many of the assessments in this report were based on monthly sampling of dynamic habitat components, such as phytoplankton and zooplankton populations, that can change on daily scales.
\n• Address the nutrient predictions as part of developing a phytoplankton production model that includes nutrient cycling and other important processes, if feasible. At a minimum develop a mechanistic conceptual model to support more processed-based interpretations of data or design of new studies, rather than making simple predictions of increase or decrease.
\n• Determine if studies of predation rates are feasible in areas where there are delta smelt.
Glasses produced from decompression experiments conducted by Fiege et al. (2014a) were used to investigate the fractionation of sulfur isotopes between fluid and andesitic melt upon magma degassing. Starting materials were synthetic glasses with a composition close to a Krakatau dacitic andesite. The glasses contained 4.55–7.95 wt% H2O, ∼140 to 2700 ppm sulfur (S), and 0–1000 ppm chlorine (Cl). The experiments were carried out in internally heated pressure vessels (IHPV) at 1030 °C and oxygen fugacities (fO2) ranging from QFM+0.8 log units up to QFM+4.2 log units (QFM: quartz–fayalite–magnetite buffer). The decompression experiments were conducted by releasing pressure (P) continuously from ∼400 MPa to final P of 150, 100, 70 and 30 MPa. The decompression rate (r) ranged from 0.01 to 0.17 MPa/s. The samples were annealed for 0–72 h (annealing time, tA) at the final P and quenched rapidly from 1030 °C to room temperature (T).
The decompression led to the formation of a S-bearing aqueous fluid phase due to the relatively large fluid–melt partitioning coefficients of S. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to determine the isotopic composition of the glasses before and after decompression. Mass balance calculations were applied to estimate the gas–melt S isotope fractionation factor αg-m.
No detectable effect of r and tA on αg-m was observed. However, SIMS data revealed a remarkable increase of αg-m from ∼0.9985 ± 0.0007 at >QFM+3 to ∼1.0042 ± 0.0042 at ∼QFM+1. Noteworthy, the isotopic fractionation at reducing conditions was about an order of magnitude larger than predicted by previous works. Based on our experimental results and on previous findings for S speciation in fluid and silicate melt a new model predicting the effect of fO2 on αg-m (or Δ34Sg–m) in andesitic systems at 1030 °C is proposed. Our experimental results as well as our modeling are of high importance for the interpretation of S isotope signatures in natural samples (e.g., melt inclusions or volcanic gases).
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.015","usgsCitation":"Fiege, A., Holtz, F., Shimizu, N., Mandeville, C., Behrens, H., and Knipping, J.L., 2014, Sulfur isotope fractionation between fluid and andesitic melt: An experimental study: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 142, p. 501-521, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.07.015.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"521","ipdsId":"IP-057270","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6951","text":"External Repository"},{"id":331201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"142","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5835672de4b0070c0abfb6de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fiege, Adrian","contributorId":177008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiege","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12879,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holtz, Francois","contributorId":177009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Holtz","given":"Francois","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shimizu, Nobumichi","contributorId":177010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shimizu","given":"Nobumichi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mandeville, Charlie 0000-0002-8485-3689 cmandeville@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8485-3689","contributorId":753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mandeville","given":"Charlie","email":"cmandeville@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":654226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Behrens, Harald","contributorId":177011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behrens","given":"Harald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":654242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knipping, Jaayke L.","contributorId":177012,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knipping","given":"Jaayke","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":12879,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":654243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70138852,"text":"70138852 - 2014 - Migration, foraging, and residency patterns for Northern Gulf loggerheads: implications of local threats and international movements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-23T15:03:57","indexId":"70138852","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migration, foraging, and residency patterns for Northern Gulf loggerheads: implications of local threats and international movements","docAbstract":"Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) loggerheads (Caretta caretta) make up one of the smallest subpopulations of this threatened species and have declining nest numbers. We used satellite telemetry and a switching state-space model to identify distinct foraging areas used by 59 NGoM loggerheads tagged during 2010–2013. We tagged turtles after nesting at three sites, 1 in Alabama (Gulf Shores; n = 37) and 2 in Florida (St. Joseph Peninsula; n = 20 and Eglin Air Force Base; n = 2). Peak migration time was 22 July to 9 August during which >40% of turtles were in migration mode; the mean post-nesting migration period was 23.0 d (±13.8 d SD). After displacement from nesting beaches, 44 turtles traveled to foraging sites where they remained resident throughout tracking durations. Selected foraging locations were variable distances from tagging sites, and in 5 geographic regions; no turtles selected foraging sites outside the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Foraging sites delineated using 50% kernel density estimation were located a mean distance of 47.6 km from land and in water with mean depth of −32.5 m; other foraging sites, delineated using minimum convex polygons, were located a mean distance of 43.0 km from land and in water with a mean depth of −24.9 m. Foraging sites overlapped with known trawling activities, oil and gas extraction activities, and the footprint of surface oiling during the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (n = 10). Our results highlight the year-round use of habitats in the GoM by loggerheads that nest in the NGoM. Our findings indicate that protection of females in this subpopulation requires both international collaborations and management of threats that spatially overlap with distinct foraging habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0103453","usgsCitation":"Hart, K.M., Lamont, M.M., Sartain-Iverson, A.R., and Fujisaki, I., 2014, Migration, foraging, and residency patterns for Northern Gulf loggerheads: implications of local threats and international movements: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 7, e103453; 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103453.","productDescription":"e103453; 20 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055204","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103453","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297494,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 30.770159115784214\n ],\n [\n -81.8701171875,\n 25.958044673317843\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 25.958044673317843\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bfde4b08de9379b35cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, Kristen M. 0000-0002-5257-7974 kristen_hart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-7974","contributorId":1966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Kristen","email":"kristen_hart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamont, Margaret M. 0000-0001-7520-6669 mlamont@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-6669","contributorId":4525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamont","given":"Margaret","email":"mlamont@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":539076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sartain-Iverson, Autumn R. 0000-0002-8353-6745 asartain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8353-6745","contributorId":5477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sartain-Iverson","given":"Autumn","email":"asartain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":539077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fujisaki, Ikuko","contributorId":31108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fujisaki","given":"Ikuko","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12557,"text":"University of Florida, FLREC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":539078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70111464,"text":"sir20145077 - 2014 - Effects of hydrologic modifications on salinity and formation of hypoxia in the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, 2008 to 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T16:20:37","indexId":"sir20145077","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5077","title":"Effects of hydrologic modifications on salinity and formation of hypoxia in the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, 2008 to 2012","docAbstract":"The Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet (MRGO) was constructed between 1958 and 1968 to provide a safer and shorter route between the Gulf of Mexico and the Port of New Orleans for ocean-going vessels. In 2006, the U.S. Congress directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop and implement a plan to deauthorize a portion of the MRGO ship channel from its confluence with the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway to the Gulf of Mexico. In 2009, in accordance with plans submitted to Congress, the USACE built a rock barrier across the MRGO near Hopedale, Louisiana. Following Hurricane Katrina, Congress also authorized the USACE to implement the Hurricane Storm Damage Risk Reduction System (HSDRRS) by building structures in the MRGO and adjacent surface waters, to reduce vulnerability of this area to storm surge. The HSDRRS includes the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway-Lake Borgne Surge Barrier and Gate Complex near mile 58 of the deauthorized portion of the MRGO and the Seabrook Gate Complex on the Inner Harbor Navigation Canal (IHNC). By blocking or limiting tidal exchange in the MRGO, these barriers could affect water quality in the MRGO and nearby waters including Lake Pontchartrain, the IHNC, and Lake Borgne. In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the USACE, began a study to document the effects of the construction activities on salinity and dissolved oxygen in these surface waters. Data were collected from August 2008 through October 2012.
\nCompletion of the rock barrier in the vicinity of mile 35 in July 2009 reduced hydrologic circulation and separated the MRGO into two distinct salinity regimes, with substantially fresher conditions prevailing upstream from the rock barrier. The rock barrier also contributed to a zone of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen less than 2 milligrams per liter) that formed along the channel bottom during the warmer summer months in each year of this monitoring; the zone was much more developed downstream from the rock barrier. The most extensive hypoxic zone was measured in October 2009 when it extended at least 34 miles in the MRGO, from mile 20 to mile 54. Construction of the surge barrier and flood gates did not affect salinity or dissolved oxygen in any comparable manner.
\nThe factors that contributed the most to hypoxia in the MRGO were the reductions in tidal water movement there after completion of the rock barrier combined with the channel depth in the MRGO, in places 10 to 30 feet deeper than surrounding surface water bodies. These factors helped to stratify salinity by reducing vertical mixing in the water column.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145077","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Swarzenski, C.M., and Mize, S.V., 2014, Effects of hydrologic modifications on salinity and formation of hypoxia in the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet and adjacent waterways, southeastern Louisiana, 2008 to 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5077, vi, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145077.","productDescription":"vi, 21 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052992","costCenters":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145077.jpg"},{"id":291362,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5077/"},{"id":291365,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5077/pdf/sir2014-5077.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River-gulf Outlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.0,29.5 ], [ -90.0,30.0 ], [ -89.166667,30.0 ], [ -89.166667,29.5 ], [ -90.0,29.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swarzenski, Christopher M. 0000-0001-9843-1471 cswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-1471","contributorId":656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Christopher","email":"cswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mize, Scott V. 0000-0001-6751-5568 svmize@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-5568","contributorId":2997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mize","given":"Scott","email":"svmize@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":369,"text":"Louisiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118523,"text":"70118523 - 2014 - Whiting events in SW Florida coastal waters: a case study using MODIS medium-resolution data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T15:37:12","indexId":"70118523","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T15:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3251,"text":"Remote Sensing Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Whiting events in SW Florida coastal waters: a case study using MODIS medium-resolution data","docAbstract":"Whitings, floating patches of calcium carbonate mud, have been found in both shallow carbonate banks and freshwater environments around the world. Although these events have been studied for many decades, much of their characteristics remain unknown. Recent sightings of whitings near Ten Thousand Islands, Florida suggest a phenomenon that has not previously been documented in this area. Using medium-resolution (250-m) data collected by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from December 2010 to November 2013, we documented whiting events and their spatial and temporal patterns in this region. Classification rules were first established, and then applied to all 474 cloud-free and sun glint-free MODIS images. Whiting occurrences were found between 25°46′N and 25°20′N and less than 40 km from the southwest Florida coastline. Over the 3-year period, whiting occurrence peaked in spring and autumn and reached a minimum during the winter and summer months. Further field and laboratory research are needed to explain driving force(s) behind these events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Abingdon, United Kingdom","doi":"10.1080/2150704X.2014.933275","usgsCitation":"Long, J., Hu, C., and Robbins, L., 2014, Whiting events in SW Florida coastal waters: a case study using MODIS medium-resolution data: Remote Sensing Letters, v. 5, no. 6, p. 539-547, https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2014.933275.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"547","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-054316","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291355,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291236,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2014.933275"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Ten Thousand Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.9965,24.9935 ], [ -81.9965,25.9975 ], [ -80.8621,25.9975 ], [ -80.8621,24.9935 ], [ -81.9965,24.9935 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"5","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f859","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Jacqueline","contributorId":45646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hu, Chuanmin","contributorId":24696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hu","given":"Chuanmin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa","contributorId":87643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70118434,"text":"70118434 - 2014 - The Early Jurassic Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex (southeastern Alaska): geochemistry, petrogenesis and rare-metal mineralization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T15:21:48","indexId":"70118434","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T15:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2588,"text":"LITHOS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Early Jurassic Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex (southeastern Alaska): geochemistry, petrogenesis and rare-metal mineralization","docAbstract":"The Early Jurassic (ca. 177 Ma) Bokan Mountain granitic complex, located on southern Prince of Wales Island, southernmost Alaska, cross-cuts Paleozoic igneous and metasedimentary rocks of the Alexander terrane of the North American Cordillera and was emplaced during a rifting event. The complex is a circular body (~3 km in diameter) of peralkaline granitic composition that has a core of arfvedsonite granite surrounded by aegirine granite. All the rock-forming minerals typically record a two-stage growth history and aegirine and arfvedsonite were the last major phases to crystalize from the magma. The Bokan granites and related dikes have SiO2 from 72 to 78 wt. %, high iron (FeO (tot) ~3-4.5 wt. %) and alkali (8-10 wt.%) concentrations with high FeO(tot)/(FeO(tot)+MgO) ratios (typically >0.95) and the molar Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O) ratio <1. The granitic rocks are characterized by elevated contents of rare earth elements (REE), Th, U and high field strength elements (HFSE) and low contents of Ca, Sr, Ba and Eu, typical of peralkaline granites. The granites have high positive εNd values which are indicative of a mantle signature. The parent magma is inferred to be derived from an earlier metasomatized lithospheric mantle by low degrees of partial melting and generated the Bokan granitic melt through extensive fractional crystallization. The Bokan complex hosts significant rare-metal (REE, Y, U, Th, Nb) mineralization that is related to the late-stage crystallization history of the complex which involved the overlap of emplacement of felsic dikes, including pegmatite bodies, and generation of orthomagmatic fluids. The abundances of REE, HFSE, U and Th as well as Pb and Nd isotopic values of the pluton and dikes were modified by orthomagmatic hydrothermal fluids highly enriched in the strongly incompatible trace elements, which also escaped along zones of structural weakness to generate rare-metal mineralization. The latter was deposited in two stages: the first relates to the latest stage of magma emplacement and is associated with felsic dikes that intruded along the faults and shear deformations, whereas the second stage involved ingress of hydrothermal fluids that both remobilized and enriched the initial magmatic mineralization. Mineralization is mostly composed of new minerals. Fluorine complexing played a role during the transportation of REE and HFSE in hydrothermal fluids and oxygen isotopes in the granites and quartz veins negate the significant incursion of an external fluid and support a dominantly orthomagmatic hydrothermal system. Many other REE-HFSE deposits hosted by peralkaline felsic rocks (nepheline syenites, peralkaline granites and peralkaline trachytes) were formed by a similar two stage process.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"LITHOS","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.lithos.2014.06.005","usgsCitation":"Dostal, J., Kontak, D.J., and Karl, S.M., 2014, The Early Jurassic Bokan Mountain peralkaline granitic complex (southeastern Alaska): geochemistry, petrogenesis and rare-metal mineralization: LITHOS, v. 202-203, p. 395-412, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.06.005.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"395","endPage":"412","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-053049","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291349,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291235,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.06.005"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince Of Wales Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -132.19984,54.880062 ], [ -132.19984,54.960131 ], [ -132.029971,54.960131 ], [ -132.029971,54.880062 ], [ -132.19984,54.880062 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"202-203","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f85b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dostal, Jaroslav","contributorId":11497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dostal","given":"Jaroslav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kontak, Daniel J.","contributorId":23051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kontak","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70118416,"text":"70118416 - 2014 - The rock coast of the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-01T20:10:37.49337","indexId":"70118416","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T14:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"The rock coast of the USA","docAbstract":"The coastline of the USA is vast and comprises a variety of landform types including barrier islands, mainland beaches, soft bluffed coastlines and hard rocky coasts. The majority of the bluffed and rocky coasts are found in the northeastern part of the country (New England) and along the Pacific coast. Rocky and bluffed landform types are commonly interspersed along the coastline and occur as a result of relative lowering of sea level from tectonic or isostatic forcing, which can occur on timescales ranging from instantaneous to millenia. Recent research on sea cliffs in the contiguous USA has focused on a broad range of topics from documenting erosion rates to identifying processes and controls on morphology to prediction modelling. This chapter provides a detailed synthesis of recent and seminal research on rocky coast geomorphology along open-ocean coasts of the continental United States (USA).
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Rock coast geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of London","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1144/M40.9","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Adams, P.N., Allan, J., Ashton, A., Griggs, G.B., Hampton, M.A., Kelly, J., and Young, A.P., 2014, The rock coast of the USA, chap. 9 of Rock coast geomorphology, v. 40, p. 137-154, https://doi.org/10.1144/M40.9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"137","endPage":"154","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039017","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": 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B.","contributorId":88820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griggs","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hampton, Monty A. mhampton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Monty","email":"mhampton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kelly, Joseph","contributorId":48490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Joseph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Young, Adam P.","contributorId":92590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Adam","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70118356,"text":"70118356 - 2014 - Precipitation isotopes link regional climate patterns to water supply in a tropical mountain forest, eastern Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T14:37:10","indexId":"70118356","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T14:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Precipitation isotopes link regional climate patterns to water supply in a tropical mountain forest, eastern Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"Like many mountainous areas in the tropics, watersheds in the Luquillo Mountains of eastern Puerto Rico have abundant rainfall and stream discharge and provide much of the water supply for the densely populated metropolitan areas nearby. Projected changes in regional temperature and atmospheric dynamics as a result of global warming suggest that water availability will be affected by changes in rainfall patterns. It is essential to understand the relative importance of different weather systems to water supply to determine how changes in rainfall patterns, interacting with geology and vegetation, will affect the water balance. To help determine the links between climate and water availability, stable isotope signatures of precipitation from different weather systems were established to identify those that are most important in maintaining streamflow and groundwater recharge. Precipitation stable isotope values in the Luquillo Mountains had a large range, from fog/cloud water with δ2H, δ18O values as high as +12 ‰, −0.73 ‰ to tropical storm rain with values as low as −127 ‰, −16.8 ‰. Temporal isotope values exhibit a reverse seasonality from those observed in higher latitude continental watersheds, with higher isotopic values in the winter and lower values in the summer. Despite the higher volume of convective and low-pressure system rainfall, stable isotope analyses indicated that under the current rainfall regime, frequent trade -wind orographic showers contribute much of the groundwater recharge and stream base flow. Analysis of rain events using 20 years of 15 -minute resolution data at a mountain station (643 m) showed an increasing trend in rainfall amount, in agreement with increased precipitable water in the atmosphere, but differing from climate model projections of drying in the region. The mean intensity of rain events also showed an increasing trend. The determination of recharge sources from stable isotope tracers indicates that water supply will be affected if regional atmospheric dynamics change trade- wind orographic rainfall patterns in the Caribbean.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014413","usgsCitation":"Scholl, M.A., and Murphy, S.F., 2014, Precipitation isotopes link regional climate patterns to water supply in a tropical mountain forest, eastern Puerto Rico: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 5, p. 4305-4322, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014413.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"4305","endPage":"4322","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-049266","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291193,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014413"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Luquillo Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -65.95,18.17 ], [ -65.95,18.39 ], [ -65.583333,18.39 ], [ -65.583333,18.17 ], [ -65.95,18.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f85d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70118369,"text":"70118369 - 2014 - Identifying dominant controls on hydrologic parameter transfer from gauged to ungauged catchments: a comparative hydrology approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T14:04:05","indexId":"70118369","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T13:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identifying dominant controls on hydrologic parameter transfer from gauged to ungauged catchments: a comparative hydrology approach","docAbstract":"Daily streamflow information is critical for solving various hydrologic problems, though observations of continuous streamflow for model calibration are available at only a small fraction of the world’s rivers. One approach to estimate daily streamflow at an ungauged location is to transfer rainfall–runoff model parameters calibrated at a gauged (donor) catchment to an ungauged (receiver) catchment of interest. Central to this approach is the selection of a hydrologically similar donor. No single metric or set of metrics of hydrologic similarity have been demonstrated to consistently select a suitable donor catchment. We design an experiment to diagnose the dominant controls on successful hydrologic model parameter transfer. We calibrate a lumped rainfall–runoff model to 83 stream gauges across the United States. All locations are USGS reference gauges with minimal human influence. Parameter sets from the calibrated models are then transferred to each of the other catchments and the performance of the transferred parameters is assessed. This transfer experiment is carried out both at the scale of the entire US and then for six geographic regions. We use classification and regression tree (CART) analysis to determine the relationship between catchment similarity and performance of transferred parameters. Similarity is defined using physical/climatic catchment characteristics, as well as streamflow response characteristics (signatures such as baseflow index and runoff ratio). Across the entire US, successful parameter transfer is governed by similarity in elevation and climate, and high similarity in streamflow signatures. Controls vary for different geographic regions though. Geology followed by drainage, topography and climate constitute the dominant similarity metrics in forested eastern mountains and plateaus, whereas agricultural land use relates most strongly with successful parameter transfer in the humid plains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Hydrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.030","usgsCitation":"Singh, R., Archfield, S., and Wagener, T., 2014, Identifying dominant controls on hydrologic parameter transfer from gauged to ungauged catchments: a comparative hydrology approach: Journal of Hydrology, v. 517, p. 985-996, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.030.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"985","endPage":"996","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-054107","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291202,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.06.030"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.8,24.5 ], [ -124.8,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,49.383333 ], [ -66.95,24.5 ], [ -124.8,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"517","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f85f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Singh, R.","contributorId":82591,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singh","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Archfield, S.A.","contributorId":38763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagener, T.","contributorId":36350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagener","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70118357,"text":"70118357 - 2014 - Identification of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria from a low-pH contaminated former uranium mine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T13:51:16","indexId":"70118357","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T13:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria from a low-pH contaminated former uranium mine","docAbstract":"Biological Mn oxidation is responsible for producing highly reactive and abundant Mn oxide phases in the environment that can mitigate metal contamination. However, little is known about Mn oxidation in low-pH environments, where metal contamination often is a problem as the result of mining activities. We isolated two Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) at pH 5.5 (Duganella isolate AB_14 and Albidiferax isolate TB-2) and nine strains at pH 7 from a former uranium mining site. Isolate TB-2 may contribute to Mn oxidation in the acidic Mn-rich subsoil, as a closely related clone represented 16% of the total community. All isolates oxidized Mn over a small pH range, and isolates from low-pH samples only oxidized Mn below pH 6. Two strains with different pH optima differed in their Fe requirements for Mn oxidation, suggesting that Mn oxidation by the strain found at neutral pH was linked to Fe oxidation. Isolates tolerated Ni, Cu, and Cd and produced Mn oxides with similarities to todorokite and birnessite, with the latter being present in subsurface layers where metal enrichment was associated with Mn oxides. This demonstrates that MOB can be involved in the formation of biogenic Mn oxides in both moderately acidic and neutral pH environments.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1128/AEM.01296-14","usgsCitation":"Akob, D.M., Bohu, T., Beyer, A., Schaffner, F., Handel, M., Johnson, C., Merten, D., Büchel, G., Totsche, K., and Küsel, K., 2014, Identification of Mn(II)-oxidizing bacteria from a low-pH contaminated former uranium mine: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 80, no. 16, p. 5086-5097, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01296-14.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"5086","endPage":"5097","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-057091","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472855,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01296-14","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291194,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.01296-14"}],"country":"Germany","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 9.877,50.2043 ], [ 9.877,51.6489 ], [ 12.6539,51.6489 ], [ 12.6539,50.2043 ], [ 9.877,50.2043 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"80","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f861","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Akob, Denise M. 0000-0003-1534-3025 dakob@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1534-3025","contributorId":4980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Akob","given":"Denise","email":"dakob@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bohu, Tsing","contributorId":37657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohu","given":"Tsing","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13425,"text":"Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beyer, Andrea","contributorId":67426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"Andrea","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schaffner, Franziska","contributorId":53303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffner","given":"Franziska","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Handel, Matthias","contributorId":92977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Matthias","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Carol A.","contributorId":26982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Carol A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Merten, Dirk","contributorId":20667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merten","given":"Dirk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Büchel, Georg","contributorId":74685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Büchel","given":"Georg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Totsche, Kai Uwe","contributorId":87462,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Totsche","given":"Kai Uwe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Küsel, Kirsten","contributorId":96191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Küsel","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[{"id":13425,"text":"Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70118559,"text":"70118559 - 2014 - Asphaltene content and composition as a measure of Deepwater Horizon oil spill losses within the first 80 days","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T12:42:12","indexId":"70118559","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T11:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Asphaltene content and composition as a measure of Deepwater Horizon oil spill losses within the first 80 days","docAbstract":"The composition and content of asphaltenes in spilled and original wellhead oils from the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) incident provide information on the amount of original oil lost and the processes most responsible for the losses within the first 80 days of the active spill. Spilled oils were collected from open waters, coastal waters and coastal sediments during the incident. Asphaltenes are the most refractory component of crude oils but their alteration in the spilled oils during weathering prevents them from being used directly as a conservative component to calculate original oil losses. The alteration is reflected by their increase in oxygen content and depletion in 12C. Reconnaissance experiments involving evaporation, photo-oxidation, microbial degradation, dissolution, dispersion and burning indicate that the combined effects of photo-oxidation and evaporation are responsible for these compositional changes. Based on measured losses and altered asphaltenes from these experiments, a mean of 61 ± 3 vol% of the original oil was lost from the surface spilled oils during the incident. This mean percentage of original oil loss is considerably larger than previous estimates of evaporative losses based on only gas chromatography (GC) amenable hydrocarbons (32–50 vol%), and highlights the importance of using asphaltenes, as well as GC amenable parameters in evaluating original oil losses and the processes responsible for the losses.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.06.004","usgsCitation":"Lewan, M.D., Warden, A., Dias, R., Lowry, Z., Hannah, T., Lillis, P., Kokaly, R., Hoefen, T., Swayze, G., Mills, C., Harris, S., and Plumlee, G., 2014, Asphaltene content and composition as a measure of Deepwater Horizon oil spill losses within the first 80 days: Organic Geochemistry, v. 75, p. 54-60, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.06.004.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"60","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-056433","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.06.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291302,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2014.06.004"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90.433,28.4819 ], [ -90.433,30.5052 ], [ -86.9211,30.5052 ], [ -86.9211,28.4819 ], [ -90.433,28.4819 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"75","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f863","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lewan, M. D.","contributorId":46540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warden, A.","contributorId":41946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warden","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dias, R.F.","contributorId":19333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dias","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowry, Z.K.","contributorId":6771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowry","given":"Z.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hannah, T.L.","contributorId":13157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hannah","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lillis, P. G. 0000-0002-7508-1699","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":17630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"P. G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":497006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kokaly, R.F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":42381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"R.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hoefen, T.M. 0000-0002-3083-5987","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":18143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Swayze, G.A. 0000-0002-1814-7823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":21570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"G.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mills, C.T.","contributorId":77395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Harris, S.H.","contributorId":10950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Plumlee, G.S.","contributorId":80698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70118544,"text":"70118544 - 2014 - The southern megalopolis: using the past to predict the future of urban sprawl in the Southeast U.S.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T13:04:13","indexId":"70118544","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T11:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The southern megalopolis: using the past to predict the future of urban sprawl in the Southeast U.S.","docAbstract":"The future health of ecosystems is arguably as dependent on urban sprawl as it is on human-caused climatic warming. Urban sprawl strongly impacts the urban ecosystems it creates and the natural and agro-ecosystems that it displaces and fragments. Here, we project urban sprawl changes for the next 50 years for the fast-growing Southeast U.S. Previous studies have focused on modeling population density, but the urban extent is arguably as important as population density per se in terms of its ecological and conservation impacts. We develop simulations using the SLEUTH urban growth model that complement population-driven models but focus on spatial pattern and extent. To better capture the reach of low-density suburban development, we extend the capabilities of SLEUTH by incorporating street-network information. Our simulations point to a future in which the extent of urbanization in the Southeast is projected to increase by 101% to 192%. Our results highlight areas where ecosystem fragmentation is likely, and serve as a benchmark to explore the challenging tradeoffs between ecosystem health, economic growth and cultural desires.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","publisherLocation":"San Francisco, CA","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0102261","usgsCitation":"Terando, A., Costanza, J., Belyea, C., Dunn, R.R., McKerrow, A., and Collazo, J., 2014, The southern megalopolis: using the past to predict the future of urban sprawl in the Southeast U.S.: PLoS ONE, v. 9, no. 7, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102261.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-049437","costCenters":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":38315,"text":"GAP Analysis Project","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102261","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":291281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291280,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102261"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.25,24.43 ], [ -93.25,39.44 ], [ -74.97,39.44 ], [ -74.97,24.43 ], [ -93.25,24.43 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f865","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Terando, Adam aterando@usgs.gov","contributorId":4792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terando","given":"Adam","email":"aterando@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Costanza, Jennifer","contributorId":74689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Costanza","given":"Jennifer","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belyea, Curtis","contributorId":6382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belyea","given":"Curtis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunn, Robert R.","contributorId":50085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKerrow, Alexa 0000-0002-8312-2905 amckerrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-2905","contributorId":4542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKerrow","given":"Alexa","email":"amckerrow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":496965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Collazo, Jaime jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collazo","given":"Jaime","email":"jaime_collazo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":496964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70118536,"text":"70118536 - 2014 - Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T10:58:29","indexId":"70118536","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T10:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change","docAbstract":"The U.S. southwest has a limited water supply and is predicted to become drier in the 21st century. An improved understanding of factors controlling moisture sources and availability is aided by reconstruction of past responses to global climate change. New stable isotope and growth-rate records for a central Texas speleothem indicate a strong influence of Gulf of Mexico (GoM) moisture and increased precipitation from 15.5 to 13.5 ka, which includes the majority of the Bølling–Allerød warming (BA: 14.7–12.9 ka). Coeval speleothem records from 900 and 1200 km to the west allow reconstruction of regional moisture sources and atmospheric circulation. The combined isotope and growth-rate time series indicates 1) increased GoM moisture input during the majority of the BA, producing greater precipitation in Texas and New Mexico; and 2) a retreat of GoM moisture during Younger Dryas cooling (12.9–11.5 ka), reducing precipitation. These results portray how late-Pleistocene atmospheric circulation and moisture distribution in this region responded to global changes, providing information to improve models of future climate.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.046","usgsCitation":"Feng, W., Hardt, B.F., Banner, J., Meyer, K.J., James, E.W., Musgrove, M., Edwards, R., Cheng, H., and Min, A., 2014, Changing amounts and sources of moisture in the U.S. southwest since the Last Glacial Maximum in response to global climate change: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 401, p. 47-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.046.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-040447","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291275,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291258,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.046"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.82,18.9 ], [ -125.82,45.18 ], [ -83.98,45.18 ], [ -83.98,18.9 ], [ -125.82,18.9 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"401","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f097e4b0bc0bec09f867","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feng, Weimin","contributorId":36470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feng","given":"Weimin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardt, Benjamin F. bhardt@usgs.gov","contributorId":4127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardt","given":"Benjamin","email":"bhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Banner, Jay L.","contributorId":58200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banner","given":"Jay L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, Kevin J.","contributorId":54129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"James, Eric W.","contributorId":93405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Musgrove, MaryLynn","contributorId":34878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Musgrove","given":"MaryLynn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Edwards, R. Lawrence","contributorId":55752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"R. Lawrence","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cheng, Hai","contributorId":85896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Hai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Min, Angela","contributorId":68664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Min","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70117642,"text":"ofr20141161 - 2014 - Colorado River campsite monitoring, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1998-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-29T08:58:10","indexId":"ofr20141161","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T08:35:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1161","title":"Colorado River campsite monitoring, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1998-2012","docAbstract":"River rafting trips and hikers use sandbars along the Colorado River in Marble and Grand Canyons as campsites. The U.S. Geological Survey evaluated the effects of Glen Canyon Dam operations on campsite areas on sandbars along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon National Park. Campsite area was measured annually from 1998 to 2012 at 37 study sites between Lees Ferry and Diamond Creek, Arizona. The primary purpose of this report is to present the methods and results of the project.
\nCampsite area surveys were conducted using total station survey methods to outline the perimeter of camping area at each study site. Campsite area is defined as any region of smooth substrate (most commonly sand) with no more than an 8 degree slope and little or no vegetation. We used this definition, but relaxed the slope criteria to include steeper areas near boat mooring locations where campers typically establish their kitchens.
\nThe results show that campsite area decreased over the course of the study period, but at a rate that varied by elevation zone and by survey period. Time-series plots show that from 1998 to 2012, high stage-elevation (greater than the 25,000 ft3/s stage-elevation) campsite area decreased significantly, although there was no significant trend in low stage-elevation (15,000–20,000 ft3/s) campsite area. High stage-elevation campsite area increased after the 2004 and 2008 high flows, but decreased in the intervals between high flows. Although no overall trend was detected for low stage-elevation campsite areas, they did increase after high-volume dam releases equal to or greater than about 20,000 ft3/s. We conclude that dam operations have not met the management objectives of the Glen Canyon Adaptive Management program to increase the size of camping beaches in critical and non-critical reaches of the Colorado River between Glen Canyon Dam and Lake Mead.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University","usgsCitation":"Kaplinski, M., Hazel, J., Parnell, R., Hadley, D.R., and Grams, P., 2014, Colorado River campsite monitoring, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, 1998-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1161, Report: iv, 24 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141161.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 24 p.; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052001","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291244,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141161.PNG"},{"id":291234,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1161/"},{"id":291243,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1161/pdf/ofr2014-1161_appendixA.pdf"},{"id":291242,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1161/pdf/ofr2014-1161.pdf"}],"projection":"Arizona State Plane Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River;Grand Canyon National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.277,35.5993 ], [ -114.277,37.1975 ], [ -111.2366,37.1975 ], [ -111.2366,35.5993 ], [ -114.277,35.5993 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f0a7e4b0bc0bec09f8ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hazel, Joe","contributorId":61758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Rod","contributorId":15711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Rod","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hadley, Daniel R. dhadley@usgs.gov","contributorId":5350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hadley","given":"Daniel","email":"dhadley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":496040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grams, Paul","contributorId":42528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70117686,"text":"ofr20131170G - 2014 - SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-03T15:42:59.086013","indexId":"ofr20131170G","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-29T08:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"G","title":"SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries","docAbstract":"We evaluate the effects of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario on California’s ecosystems, species, natural resources, and fisheries. We discuss mitigation and preparedness approaches that can be useful in Tsunami planning. The chapter provides an introduction to the role of ecosystems and natural resources in tsunami events (Section 1). A separate section focuses on specific impacts of the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario on California’s ecosystems and endangered species (Section 2). A section on commercial fisheries and the fishing fleet (Section 3) documents the plausible effects on California’s commercial fishery resources, fishing fleets, and communities. Sections 2 and 3 each include practical preparedness options for communities and suggestions on information needs or research.
Our evaluation indicates that many low-lying coastal habitats, including beaches, marshes and sloughs, rivers and waterways connected to the sea, as well as nearshore submarine habitats will be damaged by the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario. Beach erosion and complex or high volumes of tsunami-generated debris would pose major challenges for ecological communities. Several endangered species and protected areas are at risk. Commercial fisheries and fishing fleets will be affected directly by the tsunami and indirectly by dependencies on infrastructure that is damaged. There is evidence that in some areas intact ecosystems, notably sand dunes, will act as natural defenses against the tsunami waves. However, ecosystems do not provide blanket protection against tsunami surge. The consequences of ecological and natural resource damage are estimated in the millions of dollars. These costs are driven partly by the loss of ecosystem services, as well as cumulative and follow-on impacts where, for example, increased erosion during the tsunami can in turn lead to subsequent damage and loss to coastal properties. Recovery of ecosystems, natural resources and fisheries is likely to be lengthy and expensive. Preparedness is key to enhancing resilience to ecological impacts.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170G","collaboration":"This report is Chapter G in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario. For more information, see: Open-File Report 2013-1170.","usgsCitation":"Brosnan, D., Wein, A., and Wilson, R., 2014, SAFRR tsunami scenario: Impacts on California ecosystems, species, marine natural resources, and fisheries: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, vi, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170G.","productDescription":"vi, 60 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050852","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":291240,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170G.jpg"},{"id":291233,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/g/"},{"id":291239,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/g/pdf/ofr2013-1170g.pdf"}],"country":"United 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