{"pageNumber":"1361","pageRowStart":"34000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40894,"records":[{"id":4917,"text":"twri06A3 - 1993 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21165,"text":"ofr90194 - 1992 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual","indexId":"ofr90194","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4917,"text":"twri06A3 - 1993 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","indexId":"twri06A3","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"twri06A3","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"06-A3","title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","docAbstract":"A MODular, Finite-Element digital-computer program (MODFE) was developed to simulate steady or unsteady-state, two-dimensional or axisymmetric ground-water flow. Geometric- and hydrologic-aquifer characteristics in two spatial dimensions are represented by triangular finite elements and linear basis functions; one-dimensional finite elements and linear basis functions represent time. Finite-element matrix equations are solved by the direct symmetric-Doolittle method or the iterative modified, incomplete-Cholesky, conjugate-gradient method. Physical processes that can be represented by the model include (1) confined flow, unconfined flow (using the Dupuit approximation), or a combination of both; (2) leakage through either rigid or elastic confining beds; (3) specified recharge or discharge at points, along lines, and over areas; (4) flow across specified-flow, specified-head, or bead-dependent boundaries; (5) decrease of aquifer thickness to zero under extreme water-table decline and increase of aquifer thickness from zero as the water table rises; and (6) head-dependent fluxes from springs, drainage wells, leakage across riverbeds or confining beds combined with aquifer dewatering, and evapotranspiration.\r\nThe report describes procedures for applying MODFE to ground-water-flow problems, simulation capabilities, and data preparation. Guidelines for designing the finite-element mesh and for node numbering and determining band widths are given. Tables are given that reference simulation capabilities to specific versions of MODFE. Examples of data input and model output for different versions of MODFE are provided.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/twri06A3","usgsCitation":"Torak, L., 1993, A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A3, USGS-TWRI book 6, chap. A3. 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri06A3.","productDescription":"USGS-TWRI book 6, chap. A3. 136 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":686,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri6a3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adeb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torak, L.J.","contributorId":87533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156913,"text":"70156913 - 1993 - TRIM—3D: a three-dimensional model for accurate simulation of shallow water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:19:44","indexId":"70156913","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"TRIM—3D: a three-dimensional model for accurate simulation of shallow water flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>A semi-implicit finite difference formulation for the numerical solution of three-dimensional tidal circulation is discussed. The governing equations are the three-dimensional Reynolds equations in which the pressure is assumed to be hydrostatic. A minimal degree of implicitness has been introduced in the finite difference formula so that the resulting algorithm permits the use of large time steps at a minimal computational cost. This formulation includes the simulation of flooding and drying of tidal flats, and is fully vectorizable for an efficient implementation on modern vector computers. The high computational efficiency of this method has made it possible to provide the fine details of circulation structure in complex regions that previous studies were unable to obtain. For proper interpretation of the model results suitable interactive graphics is also an essential tool.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"July 25, 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","isbn":"978-0-87262-920-2","usgsCitation":"Casulli, V., Bertolazzi, E., and Cheng, R.T., 1993, TRIM—3D: a three-dimensional model for accurate simulation of shallow water flow, <i>in</i> Hydraulic Engineering, San Francisco, CA, July 25, 1993, p. 1988-1993.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1988","endPage":"1993","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307803,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cedb.asce.org/cgi/WWWdisplay.cgi?84151"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb704e4b058f706e53ed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casulli, Vincenzo","contributorId":42302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bertolazzi, Enrico","contributorId":147306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bertolazzi","given":"Enrico","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30572,"text":"wri934124 - 1993 - Simulating the variable-source-area concept of streamflow generation with the watershed model TOPMODEL","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"wri934124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4124","title":"Simulating the variable-source-area concept of streamflow generation with the watershed model TOPMODEL","docAbstract":"This report describes TOPMODEL, which is a physically based watershed model that simulates the variable-source-area concept of streamflow generation. The report describes the theoretical background, model equations, methods to determine parameter values, Fortran computer code, and an example interactive simulation. Using TOPMODEL requires specification of soils and topographic parameters, watershed latitude, and time series of precipitation and air temperature. Model predictions include, in addition to streamflow, estimates of overland and subsurface flow, and an estimate of the spatial pattern of the depth to the water table in the watershed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934124","usgsCitation":"Wolock, D., 1993, Simulating the variable-source-area concept of streamflow generation with the watershed model TOPMODEL: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4124, vi, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934124.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59334,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f9e4b07f02db5f30e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolock, D.M. 0000-0002-6209-938X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":36601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28362,"text":"wri914136 - 1993 - Hydrology and water quality of the Forest County Potawatomi Indian Reservation, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-26T13:58:58","indexId":"wri914136","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4136","title":"Hydrology and water quality of the Forest County Potawatomi Indian Reservation, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents data from a study by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin, to document the hydrology and water quality of the Potawatomi Indian Reservation in southern Forest County. Data were collected from October 1981 through September 1987. &nbsp;</p>\n<p>Glacial sand and gravel forms the primary aquifer on the reservation. This aquifer is unconfined, and its saturated thickness ranges from approximately 200 feet to zero feet in areas where the bedrock crops out. Horizontal hydraulic conductivity of the glacial deposits is estimated to range from 0.4 to 48 feet per day.</p>\n<p>Three watersheds encompass the Reservation: The Wolf, the North Branch Oconto, and the Peshtigo. Estimates of base-flow discharge that will occur on the average once every 2 years for a 7- day period for Reservation streams range from 7.5 ft3/s (cubic feet per second) for North Branch Oconto at Wabeno to 32 ft3/s for the Rat River near Wabeno.</p>\n<p>Ground water in the study area is a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type and is suitable for most uses. The ground water sampled during the study was slightly alkaline and moderately hard to very hard; median hardness was 135 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as calcium carbonate. Alkalinity of ground water ranged from 79 to 318 mg/L; median alkalinity was 123 mg/L as calcium carbonate.</p>\n<p>With the exception of nitrate in water from one well sampled, constituent concentrations were less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCL's) for drinking water. Nitrate plus nitrite concentration was 15 mg/L as N, or 50 percent greater than the MCL, in one well located one-half mile northeast of Lake Lucerne.</p>\n<p>Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCL's) for iron were exceeded in water from two wells. In one of these two well waters, the manganese concentration equaled the SMCL.</p>\n<p>Streams on the Reservation also contain a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type water. The stream waters are slightly alkaline and are considered soft to moderately hard; median hardness in stream samples was 56 mg/L as calcium carbonate. The alkalinity in stream samples ranged from 46 to 59 mg/L as calcium carbonate; the median value was 51 mg/L. Stream water is intermediate between hard, alkaline ground water and soft, acidic precipitation and surface runoff. Low but detectable concentrations of chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, mercury, and zinc were detected in most bottom-material samples.</p>\n<p>Water quality of three lakes on the Reservation is variable and depends on the degree of connection with the ground-water system. In general, Bug Lake and Devils Lake are in poor hydraulic connection with the ground-water system, and their waters contain low concentrations of dissolved solids and alkalinity and low pH. King Lake is in good hydraulic connection with the ground-water system, and its waters contain higher concentrations of dissolved solids and alkalinity and higher pH than Bug and Devils Lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri914136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Forest County Potawatomi Community of Wisconsin","usgsCitation":"Lidwin, R., and Krohelski, J.T., 1993, Hydrology and water quality of the Forest County Potawatomi Indian Reservation, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4136, Report: v, 24 p.; 4 Plates: 25.06 x 21.81 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914136.","productDescription":"Report: v, 24 p.; 4 Plates: 25.06 x 21.81 inches or smaller","numberOfPages":"29","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57167,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57168,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57169,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57165,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57166,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120153,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4136/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Forest County","otherGeospatial":"Potowatomi Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.6833,46.0144],[-88.6844,45.9823],[-88.6746,45.9823],[-88.6757,45.8958],[-88.6761,45.8093],[-88.6758,45.7247],[-88.5519,45.723],[-88.4665,45.7224],[-88.4254,45.7225],[-88.4255,45.6356],[-88.4262,45.5492],[-88.4263,45.5071],[-88.4258,45.4925],[-88.4261,45.4774],[-88.4257,45.4633],[-88.4259,45.4505],[-88.4261,45.4358],[-88.4263,45.4212],[-88.4272,45.4066],[-88.4283,45.3769],[-88.5542,45.3778],[-88.6418,45.3784],[-88.6587,45.3785],[-88.6781,45.3787],[-88.7196,45.3784],[-88.754,45.3782],[-88.802,45.3775],[-88.9259,45.3799],[-88.9265,45.3909],[-88.9251,45.4014],[-88.9233,45.4659],[-89.0467,45.4668],[-89.0468,45.5518],[-89.0475,45.6391],[-89.0469,45.7265],[-89.047,45.8097],[-89.0477,45.8953],[-89.0478,45.9822],[-88.9332,45.9822],[-88.9329,46.0746],[-88.8507,46.0409],[-88.8473,46.0368],[-88.8431,46.0336],[-88.8426,46.0333],[-88.8371,46.0312],[-88.8325,46.0294],[-88.828,46.0294],[-88.8248,46.0294],[-88.8207,46.0289],[-88.819,46.0284],[-88.8169,46.0278],[-88.8143,46.026],[-88.8123,46.0247],[-88.8103,46.0238],[-88.8083,46.0238],[-88.8077,46.0238],[-88.8051,46.0238],[-88.8031,46.0252],[-88.803,46.0275],[-88.8024,46.0302],[-88.8017,46.032],[-88.7991,46.0338],[-88.7974,46.0344],[-88.7968,46.0346],[-88.7948,46.0341],[-88.7928,46.0332],[-88.7914,46.0318],[-88.7895,46.0324],[-88.7873,46.0334],[-88.786,46.0336],[-88.7843,46.0329],[-88.7828,46.0311],[-88.7828,46.0292],[-88.7841,46.0274],[-88.7847,46.026],[-88.7866,46.0232],[-88.7865,46.0209],[-88.7856,46.0196],[-88.7848,46.0186],[-88.7824,46.0178],[-88.7798,46.0178],[-88.7777,46.0179],[-88.7758,46.0181],[-88.7753,46.0197],[-88.7747,46.0203],[-88.7734,46.0216],[-88.7715,46.024],[-88.7691,46.0239],[-88.7669,46.0226],[-88.7662,46.0208],[-88.7637,46.02],[-88.7632,46.02],[-88.7615,46.02],[-88.7565,46.0212],[-88.754,46.0226],[-88.7507,46.0248],[-88.7458,46.0267],[-88.7408,46.028],[-88.7363,46.028],[-88.7334,46.0277],[-88.7317,46.0273],[-88.7284,46.0256],[-88.7251,46.0239],[-88.7232,46.0219],[-88.7221,46.0209],[-88.7216,46.0202],[-88.7241,46.0183],[-88.7254,46.0165],[-88.7253,46.0146],[-88.724,46.0133],[-88.7214,46.0133],[-88.7168,46.0139],[-88.7144,46.015],[-88.7129,46.0157],[-88.7084,46.0167],[-88.7023,46.0177],[-88.6977,46.0177],[-88.6953,46.0173],[-88.6913,46.0166],[-88.6846,46.0149],[-88.6833,46.0144]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Forest\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604cb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidwin, R.A.","contributorId":33349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidwin","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krohelski, J. T.","contributorId":59046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krohelski","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":199668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29145,"text":"wri934019 - 1993 - Geohydrology, water quality, and estimation of ground-water recharge in San Francisco, California, 1987-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri934019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4019","title":"Geohydrology, water quality, and estimation of ground-water recharge in San Francisco, California, 1987-92","docAbstract":"The city of San Francisco is considering further development of local groundwater resources as a supplemental source of water for potable or nonpotable use. By the year 2010, further water demand is projected to exceed the delivery capacity of the existing supply system, which is fed by surface-water sources; thus supplies are susceptible to drought conditions and damage to conveyance lines by earthquakes. The primary purpose of this study is to describe local geohydrology and water quality and to estimate groundwater recharge in the area of the city of San Francisco. Seven groundwater basins were identified in San Francisco on the basis of geologic and geophysical data. Basins on the east side of the city are relatively thin and contain a greater percentage of fine-grained sediments than those on the west side. The relatively small capacity of the basins and greater potential for contamination from sewer sources may limit the potential for groundwater development on the east side. Basins on the west side of the city have a relatively large capacity and low density sewer network. Water-level data indicate that the southern part of the largest basin on the west side of the city (Westside basin) probably cannot accommodate additional groundwater development without adversely affecting water levels and water quality in Lake Merced; however, the remainder of the basin, which is largely undeveloped, could be developed further. A hydrologic routing model was developed for estimating groundwater recharge throughout San Francisco. The model takes into account climatic factors, land and water use, irrigation, leakage from underground pipes, rainfall runoff, evapotranspiration, and other factors associated with an urban environment. Results indicate that area recharge rates for water years 1987-88 for the 7 groundwater basins ranged from 0.32 to 0.78 feet per year. Recharge for the Westside basin was estimated at 0.51 feet per year. Average annual groundwater recharge represents the maximum annual long-term yield of the basin. Attainable yield may be less than the volume of groundwater recharge because interception of all discharge from the basin may not be feasible without inducing seawater intrusion or causing other undesirable effects.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri934019","usgsCitation":"Phillips, S., Hamlin, S.N., and Yates, E., 1993, Geohydrology, water quality, and estimation of ground-water recharge in San Francisco, California, 1987-92: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4019, vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934019.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123737,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4019/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58016,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4019/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58017,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4019/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58018,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4019/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58019,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, S.P.","contributorId":38172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"S.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hamlin, S. N.","contributorId":46560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yates, E.B.","contributorId":77973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"E.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":29884,"text":"wri934227 - 1993 - Geohydrology and simulation of flow and water levels in the aquifer system in the Mud Lake area of the eastern Snake River plain, eastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T10:07:59","indexId":"wri934227","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4227","title":"Geohydrology and simulation of flow and water levels in the aquifer system in the Mud Lake area of the eastern Snake River plain, eastern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p>Water users rely on surface water and ground water to irrigate crops and to maintain lakes on wildlife refuges in the 2,200-square-mile Mud Lake study area. Ground-water development between the late 1970's and 1989 increased withdrawals from about 240,000 acre-feet in 1983 to about 370,000 acre-feet in 1990. Concurrent with ground-water development, change from subirrigation to sprinkler irrigation was predicted to reduce recharge by 95,000 acre-feet, according to an independent study. Of the 660,000 acre-feet total estimated recharge from precipitation and irrigation in the study area in 1980, half was in the area in which irrigation methods were changed. Water managers need the ability to evaluate the effects of water-use changes on the future supply of surface water and ground water. </p><p>Basalt and rhyolite predominate on the surface and in the subsurface of the study area. Total basalt thickness is less than 4,000 feet; total sediment thickness (clay, silt, sand, and gravel) is less than 1,000 feet. Basalt and sediment interbeds contribute to confined ground-water conditions and affect movement and supply of water in parts of the aquifer system. </p><p>Estimated losses from and gains to perennial streams and lakes in 1980 were each about 110,000 acre-feet. Water-table altitudes ranged from about 4,500 to 6,200 feet above sea level, and water-table gradients were 3 to 120 feet per mile. Underflow from basins tributary to the study area was estimated to be about 450,000 acre-feet in 1980; measured discharge from flowing wells was about 10,000 acre-feet. </p><p>A five-layer, three-dimensional, finite-difference, numerical ground-water flow model was calibrated by trial-and-error to assumed 1980 steady-state hydrologic conditions to obtain a better understanding of the geohydrology and provide a tool to evaluate water-use alternatives. Water-level gradients simulated by the model were similar to gradients measured in 1980.&nbsp;Simulated underflow across model boundaries for 1980 was 932,000 acre-feet. Simulated losses from and gains to most streams and lakes were within 2 percent of estimated values. Simulated discharge from flowing wells matched measurements for 1980. An attempt to calibrate the numerical model to transient hydrologic conditions in monthly increments from 1981 to 1990 was discontinued because available data did not justify changes that were indicated by model simulations.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934227","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources and U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Spinazola, J.M., 1993, Geohydrology and simulation of flow and water levels in the aquifer system in the Mud Lake area of the eastern Snake River plain, eastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4227, v, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934227.","productDescription":"v, 78 p.","numberOfPages":"83","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4227/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58692,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4227/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.0,43.5 ], [ -113.0,44.5 ], [ -111.5,44.5 ], [ -111.5,43.5 ], [ -113.0,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinazola, Joseph M.","contributorId":102044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinazola","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29887,"text":"wri934228 - 1993 - Simulation of changes in water levels and ground-water flow in response to water-use alternatives in the Mud Lake area, eastern Snake River plain, eastern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T10:09:28","indexId":"wri934228","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4228","title":"Simulation of changes in water levels and ground-water flow in response to water-use alternatives in the Mud Lake area, eastern Snake River plain, eastern Idaho","docAbstract":"<p></p><p>Water users rely on surface and ground water to irrigate crops and maintain wildlife refuges in the 2,200-square-mile Mud Lake study area. Water managers need the ability to evaluate the effects of water-use changes on the future supply of surface and ground water. A five-layer, three-dimensional, finite-difference, numerical ground-water flow model, calibrated to assumed 1980 steady-state hydrologic conditions, was used to evaluate potential effects of seven water-use alternatives on ground-water levels and on losses from and gains to streams and lakes. The model was used to simulate steady-state water levels and ground-water flow for average 1980-90 hydrologic conditions and for seven water-use alternatives that represented changes from average 1980-90 conditions. Five alternatives represented reduced withdrawals from five different sets of wells, the sixth represented increased withdrawals in areas that could potentially support additional irrigation development, and the seventh represented reduced recharge in part of the study area where change from subirrigation to sprinkler irrigation is taking place. Simulated results from each alternative were compared with results for average 1980-90 conditions. </p><p>Among the five water-use alternatives in which withdrawals from wells were reduced, simulated water levels were 0.1 to 40 feet higher than average 1980-90 conditions. Simulated stream and lake losses were as much as 4,700 acre-feet less and simulated gains were as much as 19,000 acre-feet greater in response to simulated water-level rises. Simulated underflow into the study area was as much as 8,200 acre-feet less and simulated underflow out of the study area was as much as 91,000 acre-feet greater. Simulated water-level declines were as great as 15 feet for the sixth alternative (increased withdrawals) and 10 feet for the seventh (reduced recharge). Simulated stream and lake losses were as much as 5,700 acre-feet greater and simulated gains were as much as 37,000 acre-feet less for stream and lake segments due to simulated water-level declines. Simulated underflow into the study area was as much as 7,200 acre-feet greater and simulated underflow out of the study area was as much as 23,000 acre-feet less.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources and U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Spinazola, J.M., 1993, Simulation of changes in water levels and ground-water flow in response to water-use alternatives in the Mud Lake area, eastern Snake River plain, eastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4228, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934228.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160120,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4228/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58704,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4228/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Mud Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.05,43.5 ], [ -113.05,44.666667 ], [ -111.333333,44.666667 ], [ -111.333333,43.5 ], [ -113.05,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db64868f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinazola, Joseph M.","contributorId":102044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinazola","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":28585,"text":"wri924173 - 1993 - Regionalization of harmonic-mean streamflows in Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri924173","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4173","title":"Regionalization of harmonic-mean streamflows in Kentucky","docAbstract":"Harmonic-mean streamflow (Qh), defined as the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocal daily streamflow values, was determined for selected stream sites in Kentucky. Daily mean discharges for the available period of record through the 1989 water year at 230 continuous record streamflow-gaging stations located in and adjacent to Kentucky were used in the analysis. Periods of record affected by regulation were identified and analyzed separately from periods of record unaffected by regulation. Record-extension procedures were applied to short-term stations to reducetime-sampling error and, thus, improve estimates of the long-term Qh. \r\n\r\nTechniques to estimate the Qh at ungaged stream sites in Kentucky were developed. A regression model relating Qh to total drainage area and streamflow-variability index was presented with example applications. The regression model has a standard error of estimate of 76 percent and a standard error of prediction of 78 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924173","usgsCitation":"Martin, G.R., and Ruhl, K.J., 1993, Regionalization of harmonic-mean streamflows in Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4173, v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924173.","productDescription":"v, 47 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2361,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri924173/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57413,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4173/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634e1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Gary R. 0000-0002-3274-5846 grmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-5846","contributorId":3413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Gary","email":"grmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":354,"text":"Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":200069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruhl, Kevin J.","contributorId":35769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruhl","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":38876,"text":"pp497H - 1993 - Earth-Fissure Movements Associated with Fluctuations in Ground-Water Levels near the Picacho Mountains, South-Central Arizona, 1980-84","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18411,"text":"ofr90561 - 1991 - Earth-fissure movements associated with fluctuations in ground-water levels near the Picacho Mountains, south-central Arizona, 1980-84","indexId":"ofr90561","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Earth-fissure movements associated with fluctuations in ground-water levels near the Picacho Mountains, south-central Arizona, 1980-84"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38876,"text":"pp497H - 1993 - Earth-Fissure Movements Associated with Fluctuations in Ground-Water Levels near the Picacho Mountains, South-Central Arizona, 1980-84","indexId":"pp497H","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"H","title":"Earth-Fissure Movements Associated with Fluctuations in Ground-Water Levels near the Picacho Mountains, South-Central Arizona, 1980-84"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:10","indexId":"pp497H","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"497","chapter":"H","title":"Earth-Fissure Movements Associated with Fluctuations in Ground-Water Levels near the Picacho Mountains, South-Central Arizona, 1980-84","docAbstract":"The Picacho earth fissure transects subsiding alluvial sediments near the east periphery of the Picacho basin in south-central Arizona. The basin has undergone land subsidence of as much as 3.8 meters since the 1930's owing to compaction of the aquifer system in response to ground-water-Ievel declines that have exceeded 100 meters. The fissure, which extends generally north-south for 15 kilometers, exhibits horizontal tensile failure and as much as 0.6 meter of normal dip-slip movement at the land surface. The west side of the fissure is down thrown. The fissure was observed as early as 1927 and is the longest earth fissure in Arizona.\r\n\r\nVertical and horizontal displacements were monitored along a line normal to the fissure. The survey line extends from a bedrock outcrop in the Picacho Mountains on the east, past an observation well near the fissure, to a point 1,422 meters to the west. From May 1980 to May 1984, the downthrown west side of the fissure subsided 167+-1.8 millimeters and moved 18+-1.5 millimeters westward into the basin. Concurrently, the relatively upthrown east side subsided 148+-1.8 millimeters and moved 14+-1.5 millimeters westward. Dislocation modeling of deformation along the survey line near the fissure indicates that dip-slip movement has occurred along a vertical fault surface that extends from the land surface to a depth of about 300 meters. Slip was 9 millimeters from May to December 1980 and also 9 millimeters from March to November 1981.\r\n\r\nContinuous measurements were made of horizontal movement across the fissure using a buried invar-wire horizontal extensometer, while water-level fluctuations were continuously monitored in four piezometers nested in two observation wells. The range of horizontal movement was 4.620 millimeters, and the range of water-level fluctuation in the nearest piezometer in the deep alluvium was 9.05 meters. The maximum annual opening of the fissure during the study period was 3.740 millimeters from March to October 1981, while the water level declined 7.59 meters. The fissure closed 1.033 millimeters from October 1981 to March 1982, while the water level recovered 6.94 meters. Opening and closing of the fissure were smooth and were correlated with water-level decline and recovery, respectively, recorded in the nearby piezometers. Pearson correlation coefficients between the water-level fluctuations in the deeper piezometers and horizontal movement ranged from 0.913 to 0.925. The correlogram with water-level decline as ordinate and horizontal strain as abscissa exhibits hysteresis loops for annual cycles of water-level fluctuation as well as near-vertical excursions for shorter cycles of pumping and recovery.\r\n\r\nVertical and horizontal displacements also were monitored along a second survey line 1 kilometer north of and nearly parallel to the first survey line. The north line extends from bedrock on the east across three fissures to a point 582 meters to the west but does not cross the Picacho earth fissure. From May 1980 to May 1984, the fissure farthest from the mountain front along this line exhibited 20+-1 millimeters of opening and 33.3+-1.1 millimeters of vertical offset; the west side of the fissure was downthrown. During the same period, the zone between this fissure and the mountain front exhibited compression.\r\n\r\nThe hypothesis of generalized differential compaction is supported by data taken at the study site for several reasons. First, the vertical offset across fissures and the fit of deformation to a dislocation model are consistent with an elastic model of differential vertical movement deep in the alluvium. Second, correlation is high between horizontal movement across the Picacho earth fissure and water-level fluctuations in the deeper local piezometers. Third, correlation is high between horizontal movement across the fissure and compaction farther west in the basin. The hypothesis of rotation of a rigid plate is not supported because (1) fissures sometime","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/pp497H","usgsCitation":"Carpenter, M.C., 1993, Earth-Fissure Movements Associated with Fluctuations in Ground-Water Levels near the Picacho Mountains, South-Central Arizona, 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 497, iv, H1-H49, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp497H.","productDescription":"iv, H1-H49","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122303,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0497h/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":65877,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0497h/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,32.5 ], [ -112,33.25 ], [ -111.25,33.25 ], [ -111.25,32.5 ], [ -112,32.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c14b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carpenter, M. C.","contributorId":101672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":220591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38338,"text":"pp1542 - 1993 - Allostratigraphy of the U.S. middle Atlantic continental margin; characteristics, distribution, and depositional history of principal unconformity-bounded upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary units","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:45","indexId":"pp1542","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1542","title":"Allostratigraphy of the U.S. middle Atlantic continental margin; characteristics, distribution, and depositional history of principal unconformity-bounded upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary units","docAbstract":"Publication of Volumes 93 and 95 ('The New Jersey Transect') of the Deep Sea Drilling Project's Initial Reports completed a major phase of geological and geophysical research along the middle segment of the U. S. Atlantic continental margin. Relying heavily on data from these and related published records, we have integrated outcrop, borehole, and seismic-reflection data from this large area (500,000 km^2 ) to define the regional allostratigraphic framework for Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks. The framework consists of 12 alloformations, which record the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic depositional history of the contiguous Baltimore Canyon trough (including its onshore margin) and Hatteras basin (northern part). We propose stratotype sections for each alloformation and present a regional allostratigraphic reference section, which crosses these basins from the inner edge of the coastal plain to the inner edge of the abyssal plain. Selected supplementary reference sections on the coastal plain allow observation of the alloformations and their bounding unconformities in outcrop. \r\n\r\nOur analyses show that sediment supply and its initial dispersal on the middle segment of the U. S. Atlantic margin have been governed, in large part, by hinterland tectonism and subsequently have been modified by paleoclimate, sea-level changes, and oceanic current systems. Notable events in the Late Cretaceous to Holocene sedimentary evolution of this margin include (1) development of continental-rise depocenters in the northern part of the Hatteras basin during the Late Cretaceous; (2) the appear ance of a dual shelf-edge system, a marked decline in siliciclastic sediment accumulation rates, and widespread acceleration of carbonate production during high sea levels of the Paleogene; (3) rapid deposition and progradation of thick terrigenous delta complexes and development of abyssal depocenters during the middle Miocene to Quaternary interval; and (4) deep incision of the shelf edge by submarine canyons, especially during the Pleistocene. \r\n\r\nMassive downslope gravity flows have dominated both the depositional and erosional history of the middle segment of the U. S. Atlantic Continental Slope and Rise during most of the last 84 million years. The importance of periodic widespread erosion is recorded by well-documented unconformities, many of which can be traced from coastal-plain outcrops to coreholes on the continental slope and lower continental rise. These unconformities form the boundaries of the 12 allostratigraphic units we formally propose herein. Seven of the unconformities correlate with supercycle boundaries (sequence boundaries) that characterize the Exxon sequence-stratigraphy model.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1542","usgsCitation":"Poag, C.W., and Ward, L.W., 1993, Allostratigraphy of the U.S. middle Atlantic continental margin; characteristics, distribution, and depositional history of principal unconformity-bounded upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary units: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1542, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1542.","productDescription":"81 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124830,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1542/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64687,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1542/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687898","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poag, C. Wylie 0000-0002-6240-4065 wpoag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-4065","contributorId":2565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poag","given":"C.","email":"wpoag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wylie","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, Lauck W.","contributorId":44145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Lauck","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1008,"text":"wsp2396 - 1993 - Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18103,"text":"ofr91535 - 1992 - Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"ofr91535","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1008,"text":"wsp2396 - 1993 - Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"wsp2396","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp2396","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2396","title":"Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"The occurrence of selenium in agricultural drain water in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California, has focused concern on strategies for managing shallow, saline ground water. To assess alternatives to agricultural drains, a three-dimensional, finite-difference numerical model of the regional groundwater flow system was developed. This report documents the mathematical approach used to model the flow system, the data base on which the model is based, and the methods used to calibrate the model. \r\n\r\nThe 550-square-mile study area includes parts of the Panoche Creek alluvial fan and parts of the Little Panoche Creek and Cantua Creek alluvial fans. The model simulates transient flow in the semiconfined and confined zones above and below the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation of Pleistocene age. The model incorporates areally distributed ground-water recharge, areally and vertically distributed pumping, regional-collector drains in the Wesdands Water District (operative from 1980 to 1985), on-farm drains in parts of the Panoche, Broadview, and Firebaugh Water Districts, and bare-soil evaporation (which occurs if the water table is within 7 feet of land surface). \r\n\r\nThe model also incorporates texture-based estimates of hydraulic conductivity, where texture is defined as the fraction of coarse-grained deposits present in a given subsurface interval. The numerical model was developed using hydrologic data from 1972 to 1988. Most of the parameters incorporated into the model were evaluated independently of the model, including system geometry, the distribution of texture, the altitudes of the water table and potentiometric surface of the confined zone in 1972 (initial condition), the hydraulic conductivity of coarse-grained deposits derived from the Coast Ranges, the hydraulic conductivity of coarse-grained deposits derived from the Sierra Nevada, specific storage, recharge, pumping, and parameters needed to incorporate drains and bare-soil evaporation. Four parameters were calibration variables: the hydraulic conductivity of fine-grained deposits in the semiconfined zone, the hydraulic conductivity of the Corcoran Clay Member, specific yield, and the transmissivity of the confined zone. \r\n\r\nThe model was calibrated in two phases. In the first phase, a steady-state model of the ground-water flow system in 1984 was used to constrain the relation between the hydraulic conductivity of fine-grained deposits in the semiconfined zone and the hydraulic conductivity of the Corcoran Clay Member, thus reducing the number of independent variables from four to three. In the second phase of calibration, the change in altitude of the water table from 1972 to 1984, the change in altitude of the potentiometric surface of the confined zone from 1972 to 1984, and the number of model cells subject to bare-soil evaporation from 1972 to 1988 were used to evaluate the remaining three variables. \r\n\r\nThe calibrated model reproduces the average change in water-table altitude (1972-84) to within 0.4 foot (average measured change 11.5 feet) and the average change in confined zone head (1972- 84) to within 19 feet (average measured change 120 feet). The simulated time-series record of the total number of model cells subject to bare-soil evaporation (each cell is 1 mile square) is within the range of the measured data. The measured values are at a minimum in October and a maximum in July. The October values ranged from 103 in 1972 to 132 in 1984 (the drains were closed in 1985) to 151 in 1988. The July values ranged from 144 in 1973 to 198 in 1984, to 204 in 1988. The simulated values ranged from 103 in 1972 to 161 in 1984, to 208 in 1988.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2396","usgsCitation":"Belitz, K., Phillips, S.P., and Gronberg, J., 1993, Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2396, vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2396.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2396/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25588,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2396/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69680d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28538,"text":"wri924106 - 1993 - Development, calibration, and testing of ground-water flow models for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas using one-square-mile cells","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri924106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4106","title":"Development, calibration, and testing of ground-water flow models for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas using one-square-mile cells","docAbstract":"Significant water-level declines in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer prompted the need to better understand the flow system in the aquifer which, in turn, led to the development of digital groundwater flow models of the alluvial aquifer. Two models were developed in the eastern Arkansas study area with the Arkansas River dividing the study area and functioning as a hydrologic boundary to the models. Both models simulate groundwater flow in one layer with recharge entering the aquifer from head-dependent surface infiltration through the overlying confining unit and from seepage through river beds. Digital models were used to simulate flow in the aquifer during seven stress periods between 1918 and 1987. Pumpage used in the simulations ranged from 83,400,000 to 412,000,000 cu ft/d in the north model and from 12,800,000 to 58,500,000 cu ft/d in the south model. Three different spatial and temporal pumpage scenarios were tested to simulate pumpage stress in the models. The pumpage distribution used in the calibrated model was based on a combination of all three scenarios. Several criteria were used during model development to determine how well the model simulated conditions in the aquifer. Potentiometric maps of model-computed water levels were compared to measured data to check the computed water levels and direction of flow. Hydrographs of observation wells were compared to computed water levels at corresponding model cells to assess the temporal distribution of pumpage. A root-mean-square error analysis was performed during calibration by comparing observation-well and model-computed water levels for 1972. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the effects of changes in input parameters on computed heads (water levels). Both models were sensitive to changes in recharge and pumpage but the south model generally was less sensitive than the north model.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S.G.S. Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924106","usgsCitation":"Mahon, G., and Poynter, D., 1993, Development, calibration, and testing of ground-water flow models for the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas using one-square-mile cells: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4106, iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924106.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57351,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4106/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahon, G.L. 0000-0002-7410-0261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-0261","contributorId":28636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahon","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poynter, D.T.","contributorId":57902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poynter","given":"D.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27683,"text":"wri924092 - 1993 - Geochemistry of and radioactivity in ground water of the Highland Rim and Central Basin aquifer systems, Hickman and Maury counties, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri924092","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4092","title":"Geochemistry of and radioactivity in ground water of the Highland Rim and Central Basin aquifer systems, Hickman and Maury counties, Tennessee","docAbstract":"A reconnaissance of the geochemistry of and radioactivity in ground water from the Highland Rim and Central Basin aquifer systems in Hickman and Maury Counties, Tennessee, was conducted in 1989. Water in both aquifer systems typically is of the calcium or calcium magnesium bicarbonate type, but concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfate are greater in water of the Central Basin system; differences in the concentrations are statistically significant. Dissolution of calcite, magnesium-calcite, dolomite, and gypsum are the primary geochemical processes controlling ground-water chemistry in both aquifer systems. Saturation-state calculations using the computer code WATEQF indicated that ground water from the Central Basin system is more saturated with respect to calcite, dolomite, and gypsum than water from the Highland Rim system. Geochemical environments within each aquifer system are somewhat different with respect to dissolution of magnesium-bearing minerals. Water samples from the Highland Rim system had a fairly constant calcium to magnesium molar ratio, implying congruent dissolution of magnesium-bearing minerals, whereas water samples from the Central Basin system had highly variable ratios, implying either incongruent dissolution or heterogeneity in soluble constituents of the aquifer matrix.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of radionuclides in water were low and not greatly different between aquifer systems. Median gross alpha activities were 0.54 picocuries per liter in water from each system; median gross beta activities were 1.1 and 2.3 picocuries per liter in water from the Highland Rim and Central Basin systems, respectively. Radon-222 concentrations were 559 and 422 picocuries per liter, respectively. Concentrations of gross alpha and radium in all samples were substantially less than Tennessee?s maximum permissible levels for community water-supply systems. The data indicated no relations between concentrations of dissolved radionuclides (uranium, radium-226, radium-228, radon-222, gross alpha, and gross beta) and any key indicators of water chemistry, except in water from the Highland Rim system, in which radon-222 was moderately related to pH and weakly related to dissolved magnesium. The only relation among radiochemical constituents indicated by the data was between radium-226 and gross alpha activity; this relation was indicated for water from both aquifer systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri924092","usgsCitation":"Hileman, G.E., and Lee, R.W., 1993, Geochemistry of and radioactivity in ground water of the Highland Rim and Central Basin aquifer systems, Hickman and Maury counties, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4092, v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924092.","productDescription":"v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2210,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri924092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_92_4092.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6aa6de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hileman, G. E.","contributorId":11639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hileman","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27043,"text":"wri934018 - 1993 - Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri934018","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4018","title":"Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Branch of Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/wri934018","usgsCitation":"Burton, J., 1993, Proceedings of the Federal Interagency Workshop on Hydrologic Modeling Demands for the 90's: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4018, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;28 cm [PGS - 469 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934018.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;28 cm [PGS - 469 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159021,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4018/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55924,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4018/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db6604d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burton, J.S.","contributorId":36549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2319,"text":"wsp2386 - 1993 - Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20141,"text":"ofr89271 - 1991 - Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","indexId":"ofr89271","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2319,"text":"wsp2386 - 1993 - Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","indexId":"wsp2386","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2386","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2386","title":"Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","docAbstract":"The movement of water and tritium through the unsaturated zone was studied at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Bureau County, Illinois, from 1981 to 1985. Water and tritium movement occurred in an annual, seasonally timed cycle; recharge to the saturated zone generally occurred in the spring and early summer. Mean annual precipitation (1982-85) was 871 mm (millimeters); mean annual recharge to the disposal trenches (July 1982 through June 1984) was estimated to be 107 mm. Average annual tritium flux below the study trenches was estimated to be 3.4 mCi/yr (millicuries per year). Site geology, climate, and waste-disposal practices influenced the spatial and temporal variability of water and tritium movement. Of the components of the water budget, evapotranspiration contributed most to the temporal variability of water and tritium movement. \r\n\r\nDisposal trenches are constructed in complexly layered glacial and postglacial deposits that average 17 m (meters) in thickness and overlie a thick sequence of Pennsylvanian shale. The horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity of the clayey-silt to sand-sized glacial and postglacial deposits ranges from 4.8x10 -1 to 3.4x10 4 mm/d (millimeters per day). \r\n\r\nA 120-m-long horizontal tunnel provided access for hydrologic measurements and collection of sediment and water samples from the unsaturated and saturated geologic deposits below four disposal trenches. Trench-cover and subtrench deposits were monitored with soil-moisture tensiometers, vacuum and gravity lysimeters, piezometers, and a nuclear soil-moisture gage. A cross-sectional, numerical ground-water-flow model was used to simulate water movement in the variably saturated geologic deposits in the tunnel area. Concurrent studies at the site provided water-budget data for estimating recharge to the disposal trenches. \r\n\r\nVertical water movement directly above the trenches was impeded by a zone of compaction within the clayey-silt trench covers. Water entered the trenches primarily at the trench edges where the compacted zone was absent and the cover was relatively thin. Collapse holes in the trench covers that resulted from inadequate compaction of wastes within the trenches provided additional preferential pathways for surface-water drainage into the trenches; drainage into one collapse hole during a rainstorm was estimated to be 1,700 L (liters). Till deposits near trench bases induced lateral water and tritium movement. Limited temporal variation in water movement and small flow gradients (relative to the till deposits) were detected in the unsaturated subtrench sand deposit; maximum gradients during the spring recharge period averaged 1.62 mm/mm (millimeter per millimeter). Time-of-travel of water moving from the trench covers to below the trenches was estimated to be as rapid as 41 days (assuming individual water molecules move this distance in one recharge cycle). \r\n\r\nTritium concentrations in water from the unsaturated zone ranged from 200 (background) to 10,000,000 pCi/L (picocuries per liter). Tritium concentrations generally were higher below trench bases (averaging 91,000 pCi/L) than below intertrench sediments (averaging 3,300 pCi/L), and in the subtrench Toulon Member of the Glasford Formation (sand) (averaging 110,000 pCi/L) than in the Hulick Till Member of the Glasford Formation (clayey silt) (averaging 59,000 pCi/L). Average subtrench tritium concentration increased from 28,000 to 100,000 pCi/L during the study period. Within the trench covers, there was a strong seasonal trend in tritium concentrations; the highest concentrations occurred in late summer when soil-moisture contents were at a minimum. Subtrench tritium movement occurred in association with the annual cycle of water movement, as well as independently of the cycle, in apparent response to continuous water movement through the subtrench sand deposits and to the deterioration of trench-waste containers. \r\n\r\nThe increase in concen","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Book and Open-File Report Sales [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wsp2386","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., and Healy, R.W., 1993, Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2386, vi, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2386.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2386/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28159,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2386/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, P.C. pcmills@usgs.gov","contributorId":3810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P.C.","email":"pcmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20554,"text":"ofr93170 - 1993 - Conceptual evaluation of regional ground-water flow in the carbonate-rock province of the Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T19:21:22","indexId":"ofr93170","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-170","title":"Conceptual evaluation of regional ground-water flow in the carbonate-rock province of the Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states","docAbstract":"The regional groundwater flow system in the carbonate rocks of Nevada and Utah is conceptualized as shallow systems superimposed on deeper systems, which transmit water primarily through carbonate rocks. A computer model was used to simulate the two systems. The regional model includes simplifying assumptions that are probably valid for parts of the province; however, the validity of each assumption is unknown for the province as a whole. Therefore, simulation results do not perfectly replicate actual groundwater flow; instead they provide a conceptual evaluation of regional groundwater flow. The model was calibrated by adjusting transmissivity and vertical leakance until simulated water levels and simulated discharge generally agreed with known water levels, mapped areas of discharge, and estimates of discharge. Simulated flow is about 1.5 million acre-ft/yr. Most groundwater flow is simulated in the upper model layer where about 45 shallow flow regions were identified. In the lower layer, 17 deep-flow subregions were identified and grouped into 5 large regions on the basis of water-flow patterns. Simulated flow in this layer is about 28 percent of the total inflow and about half is discharged as springflow. Interbasin flow to several large springs is through thick, continuous, permeable carbonate rocks; elsewhere deep consolidated rocks are not highly transmissive, suggesting that carbonate rocks are not highly permeable everywhere or are not present everywhere.  (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93170","usgsCitation":"Prudic, D.E., Harrill, J., and Burbey, T., 1993, Conceptual evaluation of regional ground-water flow in the carbonate-rock province of the Great Basin, Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-170, vi, 103 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93170.","productDescription":"vi, 103 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":345394,"rank":2,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr93420","text":"Open-File Report 93-420","linkHelpText":"Documentation of model input and output values for simulation of regional ground-water flow, carbonate-rock province, Nevada, Utah, and adjacent states"},{"id":152718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada, Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698182","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prudic, David E. deprudic@usgs.gov","contributorId":3430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","email":"deprudic@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":182833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harrill, J. R.","contributorId":10417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrill","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burbey, T. J.","contributorId":97131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burbey","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21031,"text":"ofr93378 - 1993 - Bulk and shear moduli of near-surface geologic units near the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:57","indexId":"ofr93378","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-378","title":"Bulk and shear moduli of near-surface geologic units near the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93378","usgsCitation":"Stewart, M., and Johnston, M.J., 1993, Bulk and shear moduli of near-surface geologic units near the San Andreas fault at Parkfield, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-378, 23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93378.","productDescription":"23 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0378/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50622,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0378/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa18f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, M.","contributorId":68347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, M. J.","contributorId":64255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":18513,"text":"ofr93123 - 1993 - An optimization model for selecting training course locations, U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr93123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-123","title":"An optimization model for selecting training course locations, U.S. Geological Survey","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr93123","usgsCitation":"Cohn, T., and Baier, W.G., 1993, An optimization model for selecting training course locations, U.S. Geological Survey: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-123, 15 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93123.","productDescription":"15 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0123/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47860,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684207","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":179261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baier, William G.","contributorId":57477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baier","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70208269,"text":"70208269 - 1993 - Integrating a resource assessment model into arc/info GIS: A spatial decision support system development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T06:43:39","indexId":"70208269","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T15:01:26","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Integrating a resource assessment model into arc/info GIS: A spatial decision support system development","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"1993 ACSM/ASPRS annual convention & exposition : ASPRS technical papers","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"1993 ACSM/ASPRS Annual Convention & Exposition: ACSM 53rd Annual Convention, ASPRS 59th Annual Convention","conferenceDate":"Feb 15-18, 1993","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Ji, W., 1993, Integrating a resource assessment model into arc/info GIS: A spatial decision support system development, <i>in</i> 1993 ACSM/ASPRS annual convention & exposition : ASPRS technical papers, New Orleans, LA, Feb 15-18, 1993, p. 159-166.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"166","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371883,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ji, Wei","contributorId":218024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ji","given":"Wei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70207091,"text":"70207091 - 1993 - Predictive modeling of the seismic cycle of the greater San Francisco Bay region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T06:45:57","indexId":"70207091","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T14:58:31","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive modeling of the seismic cycle of the greater San Francisco Bay region","docAbstract":"<p><span>The seismic cycle for the San Francisco Bay region is synthesized by a model combining the pre- and post-1906 seismic histories. The long-term acceleration of seismic release (seismic moment, Benioff strain release, or event count) in the seismic cycle and the shorter-term accelerations preceding the larger earthquakes within that cycle are modeled using an empirical predictive technique, called a time-to-failure analysis, in which rate of seismic release is proportional to an inverse power of the remainng time to failure. The exponent of time to failure in the accelerating sequences appears to be scale invariant, and the length of the full cycle is estimated at 269±50 yr. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake should have been predictable with an uncertainty of two years in time and 0.5 in magnitude, although the specific location (at Loma Prieta) was not predictable by this technique. If the model is correct, the San Francisco Bay region should be entering a relatively long (20-50 yr) period of seismic quiescence above magnitude 6.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/93JB00357","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Bufe, C., and Varnes, D.J., 1993, Predictive modeling of the seismic cycle of the greater San Francisco Bay region: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 98, no. B6, p. 9871-9883, https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB00357.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"9871","endPage":"9883","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":370016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States ","state":"California ","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.6678466796875,\n              37.38325280195101\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              37.38325280195101\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.904296875,\n              38.21660403859855\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6678466796875,\n              38.21660403859855\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6678466796875,\n              37.38325280195101\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"B6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bufe, C. G.","contributorId":79443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bufe","given":"C. G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Varnes, D. J.","contributorId":85201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnes","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70220668,"text":"70220668 - 1993 - Quaternary tectonics of Utah with emphasis on earthquake-hazard characterization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T16:57:35.332383","indexId":"70220668","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T11:57:13","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":105,"text":"Bulletin","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"127","title":"Quaternary tectonics of Utah with emphasis on earthquake-hazard characterization","docAbstract":"<p>This report consolidates and synthesizes information on Quaternary faulting, folding, and volcanism in Utah and characterizes recent tectonic activity throughout the state. The primary purpose is to provide a comprehensive reference on faultspecific seismic sources and surface rupture to facilitate the evaluation of earthquake hazards in Utah. Two 1:500,000-scale maps show Quaternary tectonic features categorized according to probable ages of most recent surface deformation (plate 1) and ages of volcanic rocks (plate 2). Two appendix tables summarize significant data on the activity of mapped features, including ages of surface displacements and volcanism, slip rates, recurrence intervals, displacement amounts, and lengths of surface ruptures. Good age control and quantitative activity data are available for relatively few tectonic features in Utah and detailed work is needed in many areas of the state. </p><p>Existing information is adequate to demonstrate that Quaternary crustal deformation, principally normal faulting, is concentrated within a broad, north-trending zone coincident with the Intermountain seismic belt and the transitional tectonic boundary between the Basin and Range and Middle Rocky MountainsColorado Plateau physiographic provinces. Large, regionally significant structures with evidence of relatively high lateQuaternary slip rates include the Wasatch fault zone in the northern half of the state and, to the south, the Hurricane and Sevier faults. Tectonic activity during the Holocene has been concentrated on the Wasatch fault zone and, to a lesser extent, on other faults and folds in the broader Wasatch Front region and in west-central Utah. The average regional recurrence interval for large-magnitude earthquakes in the Wasatch Front region during the Holocene appears to be 125 to 300 years or less, although events have been non-uniformly distributed in time. Most notably, the composite recurrence interval for the particularly active, segmented Wasatch fault zone is roughly 400 years for the middle to late Holocene, but only 220 years for the past 1,500 years. Other patterns of spatially and temporally clustered tectonic activity in northern and west-central Utah appear to be related to persistent structural controls or to tectonic perturbations, such as crustal loading from deep-lake cycles. </p><p>Most normal faults with evidence of geologically young surface displacements (or faults which may be expressed at the surface as large-scale folds) are inferred to be moderate- to high-angle structures extending down to mid-crustal levels and capable of producing large (magnitude -6.5 to 7 .5) earthquakes. However, the seismogenic potential of faults associated with shallow, low-angle geometries (identified mainly in west -central Utah, the High Plateaus, and the Middle Rocky Mountains) is poorly understood. Some faults and folds in the state may be associated with relatively aseismic processes, such as magmatism, salt diapirism, or shallow, secondary deformation arising from activity on major structures. It is hoped that the broad scope of compiled information and text discussion will yield new insights and help direct future research into Quaternary tectonics and earthquake hazards in Utah. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Hecker, S., 1993, Quaternary tectonics of Utah with emphasis on earthquake-hazard characterization: Bulletin 127, 135 p.","productDescription":"135 p.","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385903,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://repository.stategeothermaldata.org/metadata/record/9e15e1a59b768b330d029e86dc104511/file/quat_tectonics_of_utah.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.016845703125,\n              41.00477542222947\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.0498046875,\n              41.983994270935625\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.071044921875,\n              41.97582726102573\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.06005859375,\n              37.02886944696474\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.039306640625,\n              36.98500309285596\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.05029296875,\n              40.97989806962013\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hecker, Suzanne 0000-0002-5054-372X shecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-372X","contributorId":3553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecker","given":"Suzanne","email":"shecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70208601,"text":"70208601 - 1993 - The role of epiphytes in seagrass production and survival: Microcosm studies and simulation modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:34:10","indexId":"70208601","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T10:21:36","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The role of epiphytes in seagrass production and survival: Microcosm studies and simulation modeling","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings and conclusions of workshops on: Submerged aquatic vegetation initiative and photosynthetically active radiation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshops on: Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Initiative and Photosynthetically Active Radiation","conferenceDate":"July 16-17, 1992 and January 7-8, 1993","conferenceLocation":"Melbourne, FL","language":"English","publisher":"St. Johns River Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Neckles, H.A., 1993, The role of epiphytes in seagrass production and survival: Microcosm studies and simulation modeling, <i>in</i> Proceedings and conclusions of workshops on: Submerged aquatic vegetation initiative and photosynthetically active radiation, Melbourne, FL, July 16-17, 1992 and January 7-8, 1993, p. 91-105.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"105","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372450,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.95947265625,\n              37.18657859524883\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.673828125,\n              37.93553306183642\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.87158203125,\n              38.35888785866677\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.08032226562499,\n              38.35888785866677\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.22314453125,\n              38.453588708941375\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.036376953125,\n              38.53097889440024\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.926513671875,\n              38.591113776147445\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.1572265625,\n              38.70265930723801\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13525390624999,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.91552734375,\n              39.47860556892209\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.014404296875,\n              39.62261494094297\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.56372070312499,\n              39.342794408952365\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5966796875,\n              39.07890809706475\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.61865234374999,\n              38.865374851611634\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.57470703125,\n              38.34165619279595\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5087890625,\n              38.18638677411551\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.475830078125,\n              37.84883250647402\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.431884765625,\n              37.431250501793585\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.475830078125,\n              37.23907530202184\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.300048828125,\n              37.020098201368114\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.190185546875,\n              36.8708321556463\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.9814453125,\n              36.8708321556463\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.95947265625,\n              37.18657859524883\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neckles, Hilary A. 0000-0002-5662-2314 hneckles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5662-2314","contributorId":3821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neckles","given":"Hilary","email":"hneckles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70195606,"text":"70195606 - 1993 - Modelling passive margin sequence stratigraphy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-23T10:52:15","indexId":"70195606","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modelling passive margin sequence stratigraphy","docAbstract":"<p><span>We have modelled stratigraphic sequences to aid in deciphering the sedimentary response to sea-level change. Sequence geometry is found to be most sensitive to sea level, but other factors, including subsidence rate and sediment supply, can produce similar changes. Sediment loading and compaction also play a major role in generating accommodation, a factor often neglected in sequence-stratigraphic models. All of these parameters can control whether a type 1 or type 2 sequence boundary is produced. The models indicate that variations in margin characteristics produce systematic shifts in sequence boundary timing and systems tract distribution. The timing of the sequence boundary formation and systems tracts may differ by up to one-half of a sea-level cycle. Thus correlative sequence boundaries will not be synchronous. While rates of sea-level change may exceed the rate of thermal subsidence, isostasy and compaction may amplify the rate of total subsidence to several times greater than the thermal subsidence. Thus, total subsidence does not vary uniformly across the margin since it is modified by the sediment load. The amplitude of sea-level changes cannot be determined accurately without accounting for the major processes that affect sediment accumulation. Backstripping of a seismic line on the New Jersey margin is used to reconstruct continental margin geometry. The reconstructions show that the pre-existing ramp-margin geometry, rather than sea level, controls clinoform heights and slopes and sedimentary bypass. Backstripping also reveals progressive deformation of sequences due to compaction. Further work is still needed to understand quantitatively the role of sea level and the tectonic and sedimentary processes controlling sequence formation and influencing sequence architecture.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Sequence Stratigraphy and Facies Associations","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781444304015.ch2","usgsCitation":"Steckler, M., Reynolds, D., Coakley, B., Swift, B., and Jarrard, R., 1993, Modelling passive margin sequence stratigraphy, chap. <i>of</i> Sequence Stratigraphy and Facies Associations, v. 18, p. 19-41, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304015.ch2.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"19","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2597e4b0da30c1bfd6c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steckler, M.S.","contributorId":26169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steckler","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, D.","contributorId":76149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coakley, B.","contributorId":82916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coakley","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swift, B.A.","contributorId":32937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jarrard, R. D.","contributorId":58074,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarrard","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":729395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70197380,"text":"70197380 - 1993 - Seismic experiment ross ice shelf 1990/91: Characteristics of the seismic reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-31T11:48:46","indexId":"70197380","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5705,"text":"Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Science Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Seismic experiment ross ice shelf 1990/91: Characteristics of the seismic reflection data","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Transantarctic Mountains, with a length of 3000-3500 km and elevations of up to 4500 m, are one of the major Cenozoic mountain ranges in the world and are by far the most striking example of rift-shoulder mountains. Over the 1990-1991 austral summer Seismic Experiment Ross Ice Shelf (SERIS) was carried out across the Transantarctic Mountain front, between latitudes 82 degrees to 83 degrees S, in order to investigate the transition zone between the rifted area of the Ross Embayment and the uplifted Transantarctic Mountains. This experiment involved a 140 km long seismic reflection profile together with a 96 km long coincident wide-angle reflection/refraction profile. Gravity and relative elevation (using barometric pressure) were also measured along the profile. The primary purpose was to examine the boundary between the rift system and the uplifted rift margin (represented by the Transantarctic Mountains) using modern multi-channel crustal reflection/refraction techniques. The results provide insight into crustal structure across the plate boundary. SERIS also represented one of the first large-scale and modern multi-channel seismic experiments in the remote interior of Antarctica. As such, the project was designed to test different seismic acquisition techniques which will be involved in future seismic exploration of the continent. This report describes the results from the analysis of the acquisition tests as well as detailing some of the characteristics of the reflection seismic data. (auths.)</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences","publisherLocation":"Wellington, N.Z.","usgsCitation":"Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences, 1993, Seismic experiment ross ice shelf 1990/91: Characteristics of the seismic reflection data: Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Science Report.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15a2c5e4b092d9651e22a3"}
,{"id":70197293,"text":"70197293 - 1993 - Modeling transport processes in the coastal ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T14:48:35","indexId":"70197293","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2255,"text":"Journal of Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling transport processes in the coastal ocean","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Blumberg, A., Signell, R.P., and Jenter, H., 1993, Modeling transport processes in the coastal ocean: Journal of Environmental Engineering, v. 1, p. 31-52.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15a2c5e4b092d9651e22a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blumberg, A.F.","contributorId":44684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumberg","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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