No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr94229B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or answer technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Ratcliffe, N.M., Dudley, J.B., and Merrifield, T., 1994, Digital bedrock geologic map of the Mount Holly and Ludlow quadrangles, Vermont: Database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-229, 2 Computer Disks, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94229B.","productDescription":"2 Computer Disks","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0229b/application.zip","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":149641,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":108219,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12480.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"12480"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Mount Holly and Ludlow quadrangles","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -72.625,\n 43.375\n ],\n [\n -72.625,\n 43.5\n ],\n [\n -72.875,\n 43.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b462a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":174766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ratcliffe, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-7922-5784 nratclif@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7922-5784","contributorId":4167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ratcliffe","given":"Nicholas","email":"nratclif@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":174767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudley, John B.","contributorId":21175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merrifield, Thomas","contributorId":42982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrifield","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70184357,"text":"70184357 - 1994 - Environmental variability facilitates coexistence within an alcid community at sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T14:45:57.872768","indexId":"70184357","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental variability facilitates coexistence within an alcid community at sea","docAbstract":"We examined coexistence at sea among 7 taxa of diving, wing-propelled seabirds (Alcidae) in the genera Aethia, Uria, Cepphus, and Fratercula. Species abundances were measured simultaneously with a suite of environmental factors in the northern Bering Sea, Alaska, USA; data from 260 adjacent and non-adjacent sites occupied by alcids foraging offshore near breeding colonies were then subjected to principal component analysis (PCA). We used PCA to group redundant environmental descriptors, to identify orthogonal axes for constructing a multi-dimensional niche, and to differentiate species associations within niche dimensions from species associations among niche dimensions. Decomposition of the correlation matrix for 22 environmental and 7 taxonomic variables with PCA gave 14 components (10 environmental and 4 species interactions) that retained 90% of the original available variance. Alcid abundances (all species) were most strongly correlated with axes representing tidal stage, a time-area interaction (due to sampling layout), water masses, and a temporal or intra-seasonal trend partially associated with weather changes. Axes representing tidal stage, 2 gradients in macro-habitat (Anadyr and Bering Shelf Water masses), the micro-habitat of the sea surface, and an air-sea interaction were most important for detecting differences among species within niche dimensions. Contrary to assumptions of competition, none of 4 compound variables describing primarily species-interactions gave strong evidence for negative associations between alcid taxa sharing similar body sizes and feeding requirements. This exploratory analysis supports the view that alcids may segregate along environmental gradients at sea. But in this community, segregation was unrelated to foraging distance from colonies, in part because foraging 'substrate' was highly variable in structure, location, and area1 extent. We contend that coexistence within this seabird group is facilitated via expanded niche dimensions created from a complex marine environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps103221","usgsCitation":"Haney, J.C., and Schauer, A.E., 1994, Environmental variability facilitates coexistence within an alcid community at sea: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 103, p. 221-237, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps103221.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"237","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488314,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.3354/meps103221","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336998,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, St. Lawrence Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -177.36328125,\n 62.02152819100765\n ],\n [\n -159.609375,\n 62.02152819100765\n ],\n [\n -159.609375,\n 66.93006025862448\n ],\n [\n -177.36328125,\n 66.93006025862448\n ],\n [\n -177.36328125,\n 62.02152819100765\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd519e4b014cc3a3ba643","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, J. Christopher","contributorId":48043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Christopher","affiliations":[{"id":6654,"text":"USFWS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schauer, Amy E.S.","contributorId":187647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schauer","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29289,"text":"wri944021 - 1994 - Data requirements for simulation of hydrogeologic effects of liquid waste injection, Harrison and Jackson Counties, Mississippi","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-26T10:12:41","indexId":"wri944021","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4021","title":"Data requirements for simulation of hydrogeologic effects of liquid waste injection, Harrison and Jackson Counties, Mississippi","docAbstract":"Available literature and data were reviewed to quantify data requirements for computer simulation of hydrogeologic effects of liquid waste injection in southeastern Mississippi. Emphasis of each review was placed on quantifying physical properties of current Class I injection zones in Harrison and Jackson Counties. Class I injection zones are zones that are used for injection of hazardous or non-hazardous liquid waste below a formation containing the lowermost underground source of drinking water located within one-quarter of a mile of the injection well. Several mathematical models have been developed to simulate injection effects. The Basic Plume Method was selected because it is commonly used in permit applications, and the Intercomp model was selected because it is generally accepted and used in injection-related research. The input data requirements of the two models were combined into a single data requirement list inclusive of physical properties of injection zones only; injected waste and well properties are not included because such information is site-specific by industry, which is beyond the scope of this report. Results of the reviews of available literature and data indicated that Class I permit applications and standard-reference chemistry and physics texts were the primary sources of information to quantify physical properties of injection zones in Harrison and Jackson Counties. With the exception of a few reports and supplementary data for one injection zone in Jackson County, very little additional information pertaining to physical properties of the injection zones was available in sources other than permit applications and standard-reference texts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944021","usgsCitation":"Rebich, R.A., 1994, Data requirements for simulation of hydrogeologic effects of liquid waste injection, Harrison and Jackson Counties, Mississippi: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4021, iv, 19 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944021.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366895,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4021/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158907,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4021/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Mississippi","county":"Harrison County, Jackson County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.2913818359375,\n 30.298203605616226\n ],\n [\n -88.41522216796875,\n 30.298203605616226\n ],\n [\n -88.41522216796875,\n 30.820884358222617\n ],\n [\n -89.2913818359375,\n 30.820884358222617\n ],\n [\n -89.2913818359375,\n 30.298203605616226\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679c72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rebich, Richard A. 0000-0003-4256-7171 rarebich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-7171","contributorId":2315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebich","given":"Richard","email":"rarebich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":201286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20576,"text":"ofr94366 - 1994 - National Water Quality Laboratory Profile","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-28T18:02:42.706001","indexId":"ofr94366","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-366","title":"National Water Quality Laboratory Profile","docAbstract":"The National Water Quality Laboratory determines organic and inorganic constituents in samples of surface and ground water, river and lake sediment, aquatic plant and animal material, and precipitation collected throughout the United States and its territories by the U.S. Geological Survey. In water year 1994, the Laboratory produced more than 900,000 analytical results for about 65,000 samples. The Laboratory also coordinates an extensive network of contract laboratories for the determination of radiochemical and stable isotopes and work for the U.S. Department of Defense Environmental Contamination Hydrology Program. Heightened concerns about water quality and about the possible effects of toxic chemicals at trace and ultratrace levels have contributed to an increased demand for impartial, objective, and independent data.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/ofr94366","usgsCitation":"Raese, J.W., 1994, National Water Quality Laboratory Profile: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-366, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94366.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":11570,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nwql.usgs.gov/Public/OFR-94-366.shtml","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":152933,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raese, Jon W. jwraese@usgs.gov","contributorId":183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raese","given":"Jon","email":"jwraese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":182876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28203,"text":"wri924191 - 1994 - Stream velocities and reaeration coefficients for the South Umpqua River between Tiller and Roseburg, Oregon, 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T18:28:54.376155","indexId":"wri924191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4191","title":"Stream velocities and reaeration coefficients for the South Umpqua River between Tiller and Roseburg, Oregon, 1991","docAbstract":"Dye-tracer and gas-tracer studies were done in July and September 1991 during low flows on four reaches of the South Umpqua River between Tiller and Roseburg, Oregon. For a stream flow of 435 cubic feet per second at the Brockway streamflow monitoring site (14312000), the average stream velocity between Tiller and Myrtle Creek is estimated at 0.88 feet per second, and between Myrtle Creek and Roseburg is estimated at 0.64 feet per second. For a streamflow of 129 cubic feet per second at the Brockway site, the average stream velocity between Tiller and Myrtle Creek is estimated at 0.34 feet per second, and between Myrtle Creek and Roseburg is estimated at 0.23 feet per second. For a streamflow of 129 cubic feet per second at the Brockway site, the reaeration coefficients determined from gas-desorption data collected in the selected reaches for this study ranged from 1.03 to 8.35 per day. The reaeration coefficients determined for this study were approximately two times larger than values derived using a semiempirical formula and at least five times larger than the values derived using a conceptual formula. Average stream-reach velocity, depth, and slope data that were used to compute reaeration coefficients were collected during this study. Reaeration coefficient formulas developed for the South Umpqua River between Tiller and Roseburg are presented in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924191","usgsCitation":"Laenen, A., and Woo, W.H., 1994, Stream velocities and reaeration coefficients for the South Umpqua River between Tiller and Roseburg, Oregon, 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4191, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924191.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57041,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":390525,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47732.htm"},{"id":159570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4191/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","city":"Roseberg, Tiller","otherGeospatial":"Umpqua River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.6667,\n 42.8\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 42.8\n ],\n [\n -122.5,\n 43.3\n ],\n [\n -123.6667,\n 43.3\n ],\n [\n -123.6667,\n 42.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a50f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Laenen, Antonius","contributorId":107673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laenen","given":"Antonius","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woo, W. H.","contributorId":75974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20054,"text":"ofr94212 - 1994 - A compilation of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emission-rate data from Mount St. Helens during 1980-88","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T13:27:30","indexId":"ofr94212","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-212","title":"A compilation of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emission-rate data from Mount St. Helens during 1980-88","docAbstract":"Airborne monitoring of Mount St. Helens by the USGS began inMay 1980 for sulfur dioxide emissions and in July 1980 forcarbon dioxide emissions. A correlation spectrometer, orCOSPEC, was used to measure sulfur dioxide in Mount St.Helens' plume. The upward-looking COSPEC was mounted in afixed-wing aircraft and flown below and at right angles to theplume. Typically, three to six traverses were made underneaththe plume to determine the SO2 burden (concentration xpathlength) within a cross-section of the plume. Knowing theburden along with the plume width and plume velocity (assumedto be the same as ambient wind speed), we could then calculatethe emission rate of SO2. The use of correlation spectroscopyfor determining the sulfur dioxide output of volcanoes is wellestablished and the technique has been discussed in detail bya number of investigators (Malinconico, 1979; Casadevall andothers, 1981; Stoiber and others, 1983).Carbon dioxide in the Mount St. Helens plume was measured byan infrared spectrometer tuned to the 4.26 um CO2 absorptionband. An external sample tube was attached to the fuselage ofa twin-engine aircraft to deliver outside air to the gas cellof the spectrometer. The aircraft was then flown at severaldifferent elevations through the plume at right angles toplume trajectory to define plume area and carbon dioxideconcentration in a vertical cross-section of the plume. Thesetwo parameters along with the density of CO2 for the altitudeof the plume and the plume velocity (assumed as above to beequal to ambient wind speed) were then used to calculate theCO2 emission rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr94212","usgsCitation":"McGee, K.A., and Casadevall, T.J., 1994, A compilation of sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide emission-rate data from Mount St. Helens during 1980-88 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-212, 23 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94212.","productDescription":"23 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":49611,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0212/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":1143,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/of94-212/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153658,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0212/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b27e4b07f02db6b0db0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGee, Kenneth A. kenmcgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":2135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGee","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenmcgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, Thomas J. 0000-0002-9447-6864 tcasadevall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-6864","contributorId":2734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"Thomas","email":"tcasadevall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27731,"text":"wri944019 - 1994 - Simulation of rainfall-runoff for basins in the Rolla, Missouri, area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-28T21:49:14.650832","indexId":"wri944019","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4019","title":"Simulation of rainfall-runoff for basins in the Rolla, Missouri, area","docAbstract":"Important rainfall-runoff characteristics for basins in the Rolla, Missouri, area were determined to be overland flow, interception storage, interception losses, evaporation, and infiltration. Using these characteristics, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) was configured for basins in the study area. The data network for the model calibration consisted of four continuous rainfall gages and three continuous streamflow gages. The model was calibrated, using observed data from three runoff events, by minimizing objective functions representing peak discharge, volume of runoff, and time to peak discharge from the beginning of simulation. The absolute mean percentage difference between the simulated and observed data for peak discharge, volume of runoff, and time to peak discharge are 9.47, 10.8, and 19.6 percent. A sensitivity analysis of SWMM parameters was performed on a simplified drainage basin. The output of runoff (volume, peak, and timing) in SWMM was determined to be most sensitive to subarea width, percentage impervious area, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and initial moisture deficit. The volume of runoff was affected by percentage impervious area, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and initial moisture deficit. The peak flow rate was affected by subcatchment width and percentage impervious area, whereas the time to peak was affected by subcatchment width. The model also was determined to be sensitive to the time step in the streamflow routing part.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944019","usgsCitation":"Holmes, R., and East, J.W., 1994, Simulation of rainfall-runoff for basins in the Rolla, Missouri, area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4019, vii, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944019.","productDescription":"vii, 24 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411149,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47930.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56571,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4019/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4019/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Rolla","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.87591911661391,\n 38.03597634320698\n ],\n [\n -91.87591911661391,\n 37.80120519183451\n ],\n [\n -91.61055977166683,\n 37.80120519183451\n ],\n [\n -91.61055977166683,\n 38.03597634320698\n ],\n [\n -91.87591911661391,\n 38.03597634320698\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605d5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holmes, Robert R. Jr. 0000-0002-5060-3999","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":70429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"East, J. W.","contributorId":99186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"East","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28994,"text":"wri944044 - 1994 - Analysis of the results of hydraulic-fracture stimulation of two crystalline bedrock boreholes, Grand Portage, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-08T13:45:43","indexId":"wri944044","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4044","title":"Analysis of the results of hydraulic-fracture stimulation of two crystalline bedrock boreholes, Grand Portage, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Hydraulic fracture-stimulation procedures typical of those provided by contractors in the water-well industry were applied to two boreholes in basaltic and gabbroic rocks near Grand Portage, Minnesota.These boreholes were considered incapable of supplying adequate ground water for even a single household although geophysical logs showed both boreholes were intersected by many apparently permeable fractures. Tests made before and after stimulation indicated that the two boreholes would produce about 0.05 and 0.25 gallon per minute before stimulation, and about 1.5 and 1.2 gallons per minute after stimulation. These increases would be enough to obtain adequate domestic water supplies from the two boreholes but would not furnish enough water for more than a single household from either borehole. Profiles of high-resolution flow made during pumping after stimulation indicated that the stimulation enhanced previously small inflows or stimulated new inflow from seven fractures or fracture zones in one borehole and from six fractures or fracture zones in the other.Geophysical logs obtained after stimulation showed no specific changes in these 13 fractures that could be related to stimulation other than the increases in flow indicated by the flowmeter logs. The results indicate that the stimulation has increased inflow to the two boreholes by improving the connectivity of favorably orientated fractures with larger scale flow zones in the surrounding rocks. Three of four possible diagnostics related to measured pressure and flow during the stimulation treatments were weakly correlated with the increases in production associated with each treatment interval. These correlations are not statistically significant on the basis of the limited sample of 16 treatment intervals in two boreholes, but the results indicate that significant correlations might be established from a much larger data set.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri944044","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., and Olson, J.D., 1994, Analysis of the results of hydraulic-fracture stimulation of two crystalline bedrock boreholes, Grand Portage, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4044, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944044.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":95740,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4044/report.pdf","size":"4377","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159176,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4044/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Grand Portage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.62663650512694,\n 47.97084701460957\n ],\n [\n -89.51608657836914,\n 47.97084701460957\n ],\n [\n -89.51608657836914,\n 48.01978346615275\n ],\n [\n -89.62663650512694,\n 48.01978346615275\n ],\n [\n -89.62663650512694,\n 47.97084701460957\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680065","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Fredrick L.","contributorId":78780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Fredrick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, James D.","contributorId":34969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135340,"text":"70135340 - 1994 - Acoustic mapping as an environmental management tool: I. detection of barrels of low-level radioactive waste, Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-16T08:59:56","indexId":"70135340","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2926,"text":"Ocean and Coastal Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic mapping as an environmental management tool: I. detection of barrels of low-level radioactive waste, Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, California","docAbstract":"The oceans have been and will continue to be disposal sites for a wide variety of waste products. Often these wastes are not dumped at the designated sites or transport occurs during or after dumping, and, subsequent attempts to monitor the effects the waste products have on the environment are inadequate because the actual location of the waste is not known. Acoustic mapping of the seafloor with sidescan sonar is a very effective technique for locating and monitoring dredge-spoil material and other debris. Sidescan sonar provides an acoustic image or sonograph of the sea floor that is similar to a satellite image of the Earth's land surface. In effect sidescan sonar allows the water column to be stripped from the sea floor, thereby providing a clear, unobstructed view of the sea bed.
\n\n
An example of the potential of this technique is summarized herein for the Gulf of the Farallones region. More than 47 800 drums (55 gallon) and other containers of low-level radioactive waste were dumped on the continental margin offshore the San Francisco Bay between 1946 and 1970. These drums now litter a large area (1200 km2) of the sea floor within the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary (GFNMS). The exact location of the drums and the potential hazard the drums pose to the environment are unknown. To evaluate the risk, samples of the sediment, biota and water must be collected near and distant from the concentrations of barrels. To do this the exact location of the barrels must be known prior to sampling. The USGS, through a cooperative research agreement with GFNMS, used sidescan sonar to map two areas within the sanctuary. Total sea-floor coverage was obtained and computer-processed sonographic mosaics were constructed on board ship. Many small nongeologic targets were distributed throughout the survey areas that covered about 70 km2 on the shelf and 120 km2 on the slope. Analysis of the sidescan data suggests that the targets are 55-gallon drums. This interpretation was confirmed at one site with an underwater video and 35-mm camera system. Data were collected with both a 30-kHz and a 120-kHz sidescan system within a 15-km2 area on the shelf. We found that the barrels were more easily detected with the mid-range 30-kHz system than with the higher resolution 120-kHz system. Maps of barrel distribution derived from the sonographs are being used to design sampling schemes to evaluate the risk that the radioactivity may have on the biota and environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0964-5691(94)90032-9","usgsCitation":"Karl, H., Schwab, W.C., Wright, A.S., Drake, D.E., Chin, J., Danforth, W.W., and Ueber, E., 1994, Acoustic mapping as an environmental management tool: I. detection of barrels of low-level radioactive waste, Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, California: Ocean and Coastal Management, v. 22, no. 3, p. 201-227, https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(94)90032-9.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296640,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of the Farallones","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.904052734375,\n 38.039438891821746\n ],\n [\n -123.32702636718749,\n 37.883524980871336\n ],\n [\n -122.958984375,\n 37.38325280195101\n ],\n [\n -122.40966796874999,\n 37.60117623656667\n ],\n [\n -122.607421875,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -122.904052734375,\n 38.039438891821746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"548c1fc4e4b0ca8c43c36954","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":55796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":527067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwab, William C. 0000-0001-9274-5154 bschwab@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-5154","contributorId":417,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwab","given":"William","email":"bschwab@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, A. St. C.","contributorId":71784,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wright","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"St. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":527069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drake, David E.","contributorId":74752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":527070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chin, John L.","contributorId":98291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"John L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":527071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Danforth, William W. 0000-0002-6382-9487 bdanforth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-9487","contributorId":3292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danforth","given":"William","email":"bdanforth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":527072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ueber, Edward","contributorId":102925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ueber","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6637,"text":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":527073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":29848,"text":"wri944028 - 1994 - Potential effects of the Hawaii Geothermal Project on ground-water resources on the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-08T09:09:02","indexId":"wri944028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4028","title":"Potential effects of the Hawaii Geothermal Project on ground-water resources on the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"In 1990, the State of Hawaii proposed the Hawaii Geothermal Project for the development of as much as 500 MW of electric power from the geothermal system in the East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano. This report uses data from 31 wells and 8 springs to describe the properties of the ground-water system in and adjacent to the East Rift Zone. Potential effects of this project on ground-water resources are also discussed. Data show differences in ground-water chemistry and heads within the study area that appear to be related to mixing of waters of different origins and ground-water impoundment by volcanic dikes. East of Pahoa, the ground-water system within the rift is highly transmissive and receives abundant recharge from precipitation; therefore, the pumping of freshwater to support geothermal development in that part of the rift zone would have a minimal effect on ground-water levels. To the southwest of Pahoa, dike impoundment reduces the transmissivity of the ground-water system to such an extent that wells might not be capable of supplying sufficient fresh water to support geothermal operations. Contamination of ground-water resources by accidental release of geothermal fluids into shallow aquifers is possible because of corrosive conditions in the geothermal wells, potential well blowouts, and high ground-water velocities in parts of the region. Hydrologic monitoring of water level, temperature, and chemistry in observation wells should continue throughout development of geothermal resources for the Hawaii Geothermal Project for early detection of leakage and migration of geothermal fluids within the groundwater system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri944028","usgsCitation":"Sorey, M., and Colvard, E., 1994, Potential effects of the Hawaii Geothermal Project on ground-water resources on the island of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4028, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944028.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58657,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123942,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c242","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorey, M.L.","contributorId":73185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorey","given":"M.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Colvard, E.M.","contributorId":83553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvard","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20308,"text":"ofr94220 - 1994 - Vitrinite reflectance data for the Paleocene Fort Union and Eocene Wind River formations, and burial history of a drill hole located in central Wind River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:37","indexId":"ofr94220","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-220","title":"Vitrinite reflectance data for the Paleocene Fort Union and Eocene Wind River formations, and burial history of a drill hole located in central Wind River basin, Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr94220","usgsCitation":"Nuccio, V., 1994, Vitrinite reflectance data for the Paleocene Fort Union and Eocene Wind River formations, and burial history of a drill hole located in central Wind River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-220, 43 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr94220.","productDescription":"43 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152334,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0220/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49842,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0220/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nuccio, V. F.","contributorId":7713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"V. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70135099,"text":"70135099 - 1994 - Large-scale deformation related to the collision of the Aleutian Arc with Kamchatka","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-15T21:49:55.594288","indexId":"70135099","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Large-scale deformation related to the collision of the Aleutian Arc with Kamchatka","docAbstract":"The far western Aleutian Island Arc is actively colliding with Kamchatka. Westward motion of the Aleutian Arc is brought about by the tangential relative motion of the Pacific plate transferred to major, right-lateral shear zones north and south of the arc. Early geologic mapping of Cape Kamchatka (a promontory of Kamchatka along strike with the Aleutian Arc) revealed many similarities to the geology of the Aleutian Islands. Later studies support the notion that Cape Kamchatka is the farthest west Aleutian “island” and that it has been accreted to Kamchatka by the process of arc-continent collision. Deformation associated with the collision onshore Kamchatka includes gravimetrically determined crustal thickening and formation of a narrow thrust belt of intensely deformed rocks directly west of Cape Kamchatka. The trend of the thrust faults is concave toward the collision zone, indicating a radial distribution of maximum horizontal compressive stress. Offshore, major crustal faults trend either oblique to the Kamchatka margin or parallel to major Aleutian shear zones. These offshore faults are complex, accommodating both strike-slip and thrust displacements as documented by focal mechanisms and seismic reflection data. Earthquake activity is much higher in the offshore region within a zone bounded to the north by the northernmost Aleutian shear zone and to the west by an apparent aseismic front. Analysis of focal mechanisms in the region indicate that the present-day arc-continent “contact zone” is located directly east of Cape Kamchatka. In modeling the dynamics of the collision zone using thin viscous sheet theory, the rheological parameters are only partially constrained to values of n (the effective power law exponent) ≥ 3 and Ar(the Argand number) ≤ 30. These values are consistent with a forearc thermal profile of Kamchatka, previously determined from heat flow modeling. The thin viscous sheet modeling also indicates that onshore thrust faulting is a consequence, not only of compressive stresses resulting from the west directed collision, but also of sediment-induced coupling of the subducting Pacific plate.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/94TC00428","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., and Scholl, D.W., 1994, Large-scale deformation related to the collision of the Aleutian Arc with Kamchatka: Tectonics, v. 13, no. 3, p. 538-560, https://doi.org/10.1029/94TC00428.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"538","endPage":"560","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia","otherGeospatial":"Kamchatka Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 164.3115234375,\n 62.2679226294176\n ],\n [\n 154.8193359375,\n 56.80087831233043\n ],\n [\n 154.3359375,\n 49.03786794532644\n ],\n [\n 164.3994140625,\n 55.7765730186677\n ],\n [\n 164.3115234375,\n 62.2679226294176\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54882b57e4b02acb4f0c8c3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":15543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholl, David W. 0000-0001-6500-6962 dscholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-6962","contributorId":3738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"David","email":"dscholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":526827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26525,"text":"wri934182 - 1994 - Development and documentation of spatial data bases for the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:17:59","indexId":"wri934182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4182","title":"Development and documentation of spatial data bases for the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"A set of spatial data bases consisting of natural- resources and planimetric-base layers has been developed and documented for the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada. The data bases, in the form of geographic information system coverages, include surface geology, soils, timber type, riparian vegetation, land capability, stream channels, water bodies, roads, political boundaries, the Lake Tahoe Basin boundary, slope, aspect, drainage-basin boundaries, and hydrologic-monitoring sites. The data bases were developed from existing thematic maps, digital data, and hydrographic records. Data were compiled from maps and records of Federal, State, and local agencies. The scale of source materials ranged from 1:24,000 to 1:125,000 and their release dates. from 1964 to 1989. Documen- tation and summary information are included for each spatial data base.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934182","collaboration":"Planning in cooperation with the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency","usgsCitation":"Cartier, K.D., Peltz, L.A., and Smith, J.L., 1994, Development and documentation of spatial data bases for the Lake Tahoe Basin, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4182, v, 65 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934182.","productDescription":"v, 65 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55388,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4182/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4182/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.3,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 38.7\n ],\n [\n -119.25,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -120.3,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -120.3,\n 38.7\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d530","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cartier, Kenn D.","contributorId":39766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartier","given":"Kenn","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peltz, Lorri A.","contributorId":29401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peltz","given":"Lorri","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12701,"text":"US Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":196552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, J. LaRue jlsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"J.","email":"jlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LaRue","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27704,"text":"wri934172 - 1994 - Hydrogeology, herbicides and nutrients in ground water and springs, and relation of water quality to land use and agricultural practices near Carlisle, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T11:15:43","indexId":"wri934172","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-4172","title":"Hydrogeology, herbicides and nutrients in ground water and springs, and relation of water quality to land use and agricultural practices near Carlisle, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Discharge and water-quality data collected in two adjacent karst-spring basins in Cumberland County, Pa., from May 1990 through April 1991 were used to (1) describe the hydrogeology of the area; (2) determine the concentrations of selected herbicides, herbicide-soil metabolites, and nutrients in water from wells and discharges from springs, (3) determine herbicide and nutrient discharges from springs; and (4) determine the relation of ground-water quality to land use and agricultural practices in the spring basins. The study area is underlain by a regolith-mantled carbonate-rock aquifer system. Agricultural land, forest, and residential land are the principal land uses. Herbicides are applied primarily to cornfields. Cyanazine, atrazine, metolachlor, and alachlor account for about 90 percent of the documented herbicide use on cropland. Daily mean discharge of Alexanders and Mount Rock Springs was 3.8 and 3.7 cubic feet per second, and total discharge was 1,390 and 1,370 cubic feet per second-days. Increases in discharge were related to individual periods of precipitation, but maximum flow rates lagged precipitation periods by 2 to 5 days. The recharge area to each spring is estimated to be 2.8 square miles. Atrazine was the only herbicide in common use that was detected in discharges from springs. Atrazine and the atrazine soil-metabolite deethylatrazine (DEA) were detected in spring discharges for the duration of the study. Changes in atrazine and DEA concentrations in the discharges from springs were minimal, and no flush of herbicides from the springs followed application. Temporal variation in constituent discharges was related mostly to changes in spring flow; the largest daily constituent discharges coincided with periods of increased spring flow during the winter and early spring. Atrazine and DEA discharged from Alexanders Spring and Mount Rock Spring were about 0.5 and 0.6 percent of the estimated annual atrazine use on row crops in their respective recharge areas.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934172","usgsCitation":"Hippe, D., Witt, E., and Giovannitti, R., 1994, Hydrogeology, herbicides and nutrients in ground water and springs, and relation of water quality to land use and agricultural practices near Carlisle, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4172, vi, 66 p. :ill, maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934172.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p. :ill, maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56551,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4172/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1993/4172/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db61486f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hippe, D. J.","contributorId":83951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hippe","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Witt, E. C. III","contributorId":105746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Witt","given":"E. C.","suffix":"III","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giovannitti, R.M.","contributorId":7728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giovannitti","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29042,"text":"wri944098 - 1994 - Estimates of monthly streamflow characteristics and dominant-discharge hydrographs for selected sites in the lower Missouri and Little Missouri River basins in Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri944098","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4098","title":"Estimates of monthly streamflow characteristics and dominant-discharge hydrographs for selected sites in the lower Missouri and Little Missouri River basins in Montana","docAbstract":"Various streamflow characteristics were estimated for water-reservation purposes for 17 sites in the lower Missouri River Basin and four sites in the Little Missouri River Basin in Montana. The characteristics were mean monthly and annual streamflow and monthly mean streamflow that is exceeded 90, 80, 50, and 20 percent of the time. In addition, dominant-discharge hydrographs were estimated for 10 of the 17 sites in the lower Missouri River Basin and for four sites in the Little Missouri River Basin. Dominant discharge was considered to be equal to the peak discharge having a recurrence interval of two years. Monthly streamflow characteristics generally were based on a common 1937-86 base period. A mixed-station record-extension program was used to estimate missing flow data for streamflow-gaging stations. Two methods were used to estimate characteristics at ungaged sites. One method was based on corre- lating discharge measurements at the estimating site with concurrent discharges at a nearby gaged site. The second method was based on using a drainage-area ratio to transfer characteristics at a gaged site to the estimating site. Dominant discharges for gaged sites were obtained from a previous flood-frequency report or by fitting a log-Pearson Type 3 probability distribution to recorded peak-flow data. A drainage-area-ratio adjustment was used to transfer dominant dis- charges from gaged sites to ungaged sites. Dominant-discharge hydrographs were determined from visual examination of recorded hydrographs having maximum daily discharges that were relatively close to the estimated dominant discharges.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nEarth Science Information Center, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri944098","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Johnson, D., 1994, Estimates of monthly streamflow characteristics and dominant-discharge hydrographs for selected sites in the lower Missouri and Little Missouri River basins in Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4098, iv, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944098.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4098/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57908,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c8c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, D.R.","contributorId":92711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17230,"text":"ofr93619 - 1994 - A hydrogeochemical survey for mineralized breccia pipes: Data from springs, wells, and streams on the Hualapai Indian Reservation, northwestern Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T22:47:12.230393","indexId":"ofr93619","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-619","title":"A hydrogeochemical survey for mineralized breccia pipes: Data from springs, wells, and streams on the Hualapai Indian Reservation, northwestern Arizona","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93619","usgsCitation":"Wenrich, K., Boundy, S.Q., Aumente-Modreski, R.M., Schwarz, S.P., Sutphin, H.B., and Been, J., 1994, A hydrogeochemical survey for mineralized breccia pipes: Data from springs, wells, and streams on the Hualapai Indian Reservation, northwestern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-619, ii, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93619.","productDescription":"ii, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410251,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_12781.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":149306,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0619/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0619/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Hualapai Indian Reservation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.899,\n 36.284\n ],\n [\n -113.899,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -112.878,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -112.878,\n 36.284\n ],\n [\n -113.899,\n 36.284\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wenrich, K. J.","contributorId":40203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenrich","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boundy, S. Q.","contributorId":93924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boundy","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Q.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aumente-Modreski, R. M.","contributorId":63825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aumente-Modreski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schwarz, S. P.","contributorId":92274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sutphin, H. B.","contributorId":58264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Been, J.M.","contributorId":26685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Been","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70186981,"text":"70186981 - 1994 - Further discussions on the relationship between cumulated intercepted solar radiation and crop growth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T12:20:37","indexId":"70186981","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":681,"text":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Further discussions on the relationship between cumulated intercepted solar radiation and crop growth","docAbstract":"A strong correlation exists between intercepted solar radiation and crop growth. We cautioned that many derivations of the functional relationship between solar energy and biomass use cumulated data, and therefore have logical and arithmetic weaknesses. We examined the growth response of plants to solar energy by using rates of change, of both interception and growth. Our analysis revealed that measurements of light interception can only establish the relationship a posteriori. Replacing interception data with normalized random numbers did not change the quality of the relations. Several scientists have contested our views. This article reconfirms the general validity of our analysis and of our conclusions, that it is not possible to determine plant growth on the sole basis of intercepted solar energy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier ","doi":"10.1016/0168-1923(94)90040-X","usgsCitation":"Demetriades-Shah, T., Fuchs, M., Kanemasu, E., and Flitcroft, I., 1994, Further discussions on the relationship between cumulated intercepted solar radiation and crop growth: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 68, no. 3-4, p. 231-242, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1923(94)90040-X.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"242","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339964,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877fee4b0b7ea54521c91","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Demetriades-Shah, T.H.","contributorId":191050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Demetriades-Shah","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuchs, M.","contributorId":191051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fuchs","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanemasu, E.T.","contributorId":191052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kanemasu","given":"E.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flitcroft, I.D.","contributorId":191053,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flitcroft","given":"I.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187022,"text":"70187022 - 1994 - Mapping raster imagery to the interrupted Goode Homolosine projection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T12:55:05","indexId":"70187022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping raster imagery to the interrupted Goode Homolosine projection","docAbstract":"Because of the increasing emphasis on global monitoring, processing remotely-sensed raster image data onto global map projections has become an important issue. One class of map projections, interrupted equal-area projections, is especially useful for this purpose. The use of the Interrupted Goode Homolosine map projection for the Global Land Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) 1 km project and the AVHRR Pathfinder project has produced a map that is both attractive to the viewer and useful for data analysis. This interrupted, composite, equal-area map projection uses the Sinusoidal projection for low latitudes and the Mollweide projection for high latitudes and is broken into 12 regions, each with its own central meridian. This combination of projections helps to preserve the shape of the land masses and results in a map that has less distortion than an uninterrupted global map. The use of the interrupted projection also simplifies the processing and management of larger data sets, because the data can be processed either separately in the component projections that make up the interrupted projection or directly onto the interrupted projection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/01431169408954340","usgsCitation":"Steinwand, D., 1994, Mapping raster imagery to the interrupted Goode Homolosine projection: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 15, no. 17, p. 3463-3471, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169408954340.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"3463","endPage":"3471","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877fde4b0b7ea54521c8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steinwand, D.R.","contributorId":84806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2439,"text":"wsp2357B - 1994 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20390,"text":"ofr88728 - 1989 - Ground-water quality assessment of the central Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma - Analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","indexId":"ofr88728","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water quality assessment of the central Oklahoma aquifer, Oklahoma - Analysis of available water-quality data through 1987"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2439,"text":"wsp2357B - 1994 - Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","indexId":"wsp2357B","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T22:34:26.452319","indexId":"wsp2357B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2357","chapter":"B","title":"Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"National water-quality assessment - Central Oklahoma aquifer","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2357B","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., Christenson, S.C., and Schlottmann, J.L., 1994, Ground-water-quality assessment of the Central Oklahoma Aquifer, Oklahoma; analysis of available water-quality data through 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2357, viii, 74 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2357B.","productDescription":"viii, 74 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":394792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25488.htm"},{"id":28509,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2357b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138622,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2357b/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.675,\n 34.9320\n ],\n [\n -96.767,\n 34.9320\n ],\n [\n -96.767,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -97.675,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -97.675,\n 34.9320\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a1f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christenson, Scott C. schris@usgs.gov","contributorId":980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christenson","given":"Scott","email":"schris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlottmann, Jamie L.","contributorId":8830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schlottmann","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":21058,"text":"ofr9477 - 1994 - South Cascade Glacier, Washington; hydrologic and meteorological data, 1957-67","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-17T15:25:39","indexId":"ofr9477","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-77","title":"South Cascade Glacier, Washington; hydrologic and meteorological data, 1957-67","docAbstract":"Historic hydrologic and meteorological data are compiled for South Cascade Glacier, Washington, USA, a site selected by the U.S. Geological Survey for long-term study of the response of a glacier to climate change and its effect on water resources. The data consist of stream discharge and meteorological data, including precipitation, air temperature, and instantaneous weather observations, all at various locations in the glacier basin. Data span the years 1957-67 and are presented in tables, with annual time-series graphs shown for most data.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;USGS Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr9477","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Sullivan, M., 1994, South Cascade Glacier, Washington; hydrologic and meteorological data, 1957-67: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 94-77, v, 110 p. :ill., map ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9477.","productDescription":"v, 110 p. :ill., map ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (3 1/2 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0077/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":50648,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0077/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":277715,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0077/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b121","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sullivan, M.E.","contributorId":91889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"M.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186272,"text":"70186272 - 1994 - Simulations of the origin of fluid pressure, fracture gen eration, and the movement of fluids in the Uinta Basin, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T13:38:37","indexId":"70186272","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":605,"text":"AAPG Bulletin","printIssn":"0149-1423","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulations of the origin of fluid pressure, fracture gen eration, and the movement of fluids in the Uinta Basin, Utah","docAbstract":"The Altamont oil field in the deep Uinta basin is known to have reservoir fluid pressures that approach lithostatic. One explanation for this high pore-fluid pressure is the generation of oil from kerogen in the Green River oil shale at depth. A three-dimensional simulation of flow in the basin was done to test this hypothesis.
In the flow simulation, oil generation is included as a fluid source. The kinetics of oil generation from oil shale is a function of temperature. The temperature is controlled by (1) the depth of sediment burial and (2) the geothermal gradient.
Using this conceptual model, the pressure buildup results from the trade-off between the rate of oil generation and the flow away from the source volume. The pressure increase depends primarily on (1) the rate of the oil-generation reaction and (2) the permeability of the reservoir rocks. A sensitivity analysis was performed in which both of these parameters were systematically varied. The reservoir permeability must be lower than most of the observed data for the pressure to build up to near lithostatic.
The results of the simulations indicated that once oil generation was initiated, the pore pressure built up rapidly to near lithostatic. We simulated hydrofractures in that part of the system in which the pressures approach lithostatic by increasing both the horizontal and the vertical permeability by an order of magnitude. Because the simulated hydrofractures were produced by the high pore pressure, they were restricted to the Altamont field. A new flow system was established in the vicinity of the reservoir; the maximum pore pressure was limited by the least principal stress. Fluids moved vertically up and down and laterally outward away from the source of oil generation. The analysis indicated that, assuming that one is willing to accept the low values of permeability, oil generati n can account for the observed high pressures at Altamont field.
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