The spatially extensive damage from the 2010-2011 Christchurch, New Zealand earthquake events are a reminder of the need for liquefaction hazard maps for anticipating damage from future earthquakes. Liquefaction hazard mapping as traditionally relied on detailed geologic mapping and expensive site studies. These traditional techniques are difficult to apply globally for rapid response or loss estimation. We have developed a logistic regression model to predict the probability of liquefaction occurrence in coastal sedimentary areas as a function of simple and globally available geospatial features (e.g., derived from digital elevation models) and standard earthquake-specific intensity data (e.g., peak ground acceleration). Some of the geospatial explanatory variables that we consider are taken from the hydrology community, which has a long tradition of using remotely sensed data as proxies for subsurface parameters. As a result of using high resolution, remotely-sensed, and spatially continuous data as a proxy for important subsurface parameters such as soil density and soil saturation, and by using a probabilistic modeling framework, our liquefaction model inherently includes the natural spatial variability of liquefaction occurrence and provides an estimate of spatial extent of liquefaction for a given earthquake. To provide a quantitative check on how the predicted probabilities relate to spatial extent of liquefaction, we report the frequency of observed liquefaction features within a range of predicted probabilities. The percentage of liquefaction is the areal extent of observed liquefaction within a given probability contour. The regional model and the results show that there is a strong relationship between the predicted probability and the observed percentage of liquefaction. Visual inspection of the probability contours for each event also indicates that the pattern of liquefaction is well represented by the model.
Mathematical models are useful in various fields of science and engineering. However, it is a challenge to make a model utilize the open and growing functions (e.g., model inversion) on the R platform due to the requirement of accessing and revising the model's source code. To overcome this barrier, we developed a universal tool that aims to convert a model developed in any computer language to an R function using the template and instruction concept of the Parameter ESTimation program (PEST) and the operational structure of the R-Soil and Water Assessment Tool (R-SWAT). The developed tool (Model-R Coupler) is promising because users of any model can connect an external algorithm (written in R) with their model to implement various model behavior analyses (e.g., parameter optimization, sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, performance evaluation, and visualization) without accessing or modifying the model's source code.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.012","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., Liu, S., and Yan, W., 2014, A universal Model-R Coupler to facilitate the use of R functions for model calibration and analysis: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 62, p. 65-69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.08.012.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"69","ipdsId":"IP-054920","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341952,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd640e4b0e9bd0ea89707","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yan, Wende","contributorId":192438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yan","given":"Wende","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189944,"text":"70189944 - 2014 - Thermodynamic properties for arsenic minerals and aqueous species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T11:50:17","indexId":"70189944","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5477,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","onlineIssn":"1529-6466","printIssn":"1943-2666","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Thermodynamic properties for arsenic minerals and aqueous species","docAbstract":"Quantitative geochemical calculations are not possible without thermodynamic databases and considerable advances in the quantity and quality of these databases have been made since the early days of Lewis and Randall (1923), Latimer (1952), and Rossini et al. (1952). Oelkers et al. (2009) wrote, “The creation of thermodynamic databases may be one of the greatest advances in the field of geochemistry of the last century.” Thermodynamic data have been used for basic research needs and for a countless variety of applications in hazardous waste management and policy making (Zhu and Anderson 2002; Nordstrom and Archer 2003; Bethke 2008; Oelkers and Schott 2009). The challenge today is to evaluate thermodynamic data for internal consistency, to reach a better consensus of the most reliable properties, to determine the degree of certainty needed for geochemical modeling, and to agree on priorities for further measurements and evaluations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arsenic: Environmental geochemistry, mineralogy, and microbiology (Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry no. 79)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America; The Geochemical Society","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2014.79.4","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., Majzlan, J., and Konigsberger, E., 2014, Thermodynamic properties for arsenic minerals and aqueous species, chap. of Arsenic: Environmental geochemistry, mineralogy, and microbiology (Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry no. 79): Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 79, no. 1, p. 217-249, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2014.79.4.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"249","ipdsId":"IP-056188","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344918,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5996ab4de4b0b589267b3fcf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bowell, Robert J.","contributorId":150175,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowell","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17927,"text":"SRK Consulting Ltd.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707903,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":707904,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jamieson, Heather E.","contributorId":150176,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jamieson","given":"Heather","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7029,"text":"Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707905,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":707906,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Majzlan, Juraj","contributorId":127677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Majzlan","given":"Juraj","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7107,"text":"Univ. of Freiburg, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":707907,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Majzlan, Juraj","contributorId":127677,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Majzlan","given":"Juraj","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7107,"text":"Univ. of Freiburg, Germany","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Konigsberger, Erich","contributorId":195352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Konigsberger","given":"Erich","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34245,"text":"Murdoch University, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":706843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188031,"text":"70188031 - 2014 - Development of a generic auto-calibration package for regional ecological modeling and application in the Central Plains of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T15:23:13","indexId":"70188031","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1457,"text":"Ecological Informatics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a generic auto-calibration package for regional ecological modeling and application in the Central Plains of the United States","docAbstract":"Process-oriented ecological models are frequently used for predicting potential impacts of global changes such as climate and land-cover changes, which can be useful for policy making. It is critical but challenging to automatically derive optimal parameter values at different scales, especially at regional scale, and validate the model performance. In this study, we developed an automatic calibration (auto-calibration) function for a well-established biogeochemical model—the General Ensemble Biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS)-Erosion Deposition Carbon Model (EDCM)—using data assimilation technique: the Shuffled Complex Evolution algorithm and a model-inversion R package—Flexible Modeling Environment (FME). The new functionality can support multi-parameter and multi-objective auto-calibration of EDCM at the both pixel and regional levels. We also developed a post-processing procedure for GEMS to provide options to save the pixel-based or aggregated county-land cover specific parameter values for subsequent simulations. In our case study, we successfully applied the updated model (EDCM-Auto) for a single crop pixel with a corn–wheat rotation and a large ecological region (Level II)—Central USA Plains. The evaluation results indicate that EDCM-Auto is applicable at multiple scales and is capable to handle land cover changes (e.g., crop rotations). The model also performs well in capturing the spatial pattern of grain yield production for crops and net primary production (NPP) for other ecosystems across the region, which is a good example for implementing calibration and validation of ecological models with readily available survey data (grain yield) and remote sensing data (NPP) at regional and national levels. The developed platform for auto-calibration can be readily expanded to incorporate other model inversion algorithms and potential R packages, and also be applied to other ecological models.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.11.008","usgsCitation":"Wu, Y., Liu, S., Li, Z., Dahal, D., Young, C.J., Schmidt, G.L., Liu, J., Davis, B., Sohl, T.L., Werner, J.M., and Oeding, J., 2014, Development of a generic auto-calibration package for regional ecological modeling and application in the Central Plains of the United States: Ecological Informatics, v. 19, p. 35-46, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2013.11.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"46","ipdsId":"IP-052570","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341959,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592fd641e4b0e9bd0ea8970f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wu, Yiping ywu@usgs.gov","contributorId":987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wu","given":"Yiping","email":"ywu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Li, Zhengpeng","contributorId":80812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Zhengpeng","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dahal, Devendra 0000-0001-9594-1249 ddahal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9594-1249","contributorId":5622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahal","given":"Devendra","email":"ddahal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Young, Claudia J. 0000-0002-0859-7206 cyoung@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0859-7206","contributorId":2770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Claudia","email":"cyoung@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":696825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schmidt, Gail L. 0000-0002-9684-8158 gschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-8158","contributorId":3475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"Gail","email":"gschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Liu, Jinxun 0000-0003-0561-8988 jxliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0561-8988","contributorId":3414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Jinxun","email":"jxliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Davis, Brian","contributorId":57142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Werner, Jeremy M.","contributorId":192558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werner","given":"Jeremy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Oeding, Jennifer joeding@usgs.gov","contributorId":4070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oeding","given":"Jennifer","email":"joeding@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":696831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70188057,"text":"70188057 - 2014 - Land cover characterization and mapping of South America for the year 2010 using Landsat 30 m satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T13:33:33","indexId":"70188057","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land cover characterization and mapping of South America for the year 2010 using Landsat 30 m satellite data","docAbstract":"Detailed and accurate land cover and land cover change information is needed for South America because the continent is in constant flux, experiencing some of the highest rates of land cover change and forest loss in the world. The land cover data available for the entire continent are too coarse (250 m to 1 km) for resource managers, government and non-government organizations, and Earth scientists to develop conservation strategies, formulate resource management options, and monitor land cover dynamics. We used Landsat 30 m satellite data of 2010 and prepared the land cover database of South America using state-of-the-science remote sensing techniques. We produced regionally consistent and locally relevant land cover information by processing a large volume of data covering the entire continent. Our analysis revealed that in 2010, 50% of South America was covered by forests, 2.5% was covered by water, and 0.02% was covered by snow and ice. The percent forest area of South America varies from 9.5% in Uruguay to 96.5% in French Guiana. We used very high resolution (<5 m) satellite data to validate the land cover product. The overall accuracy of the 2010 South American 30-m land cover map is 89% with a Kappa coefficient of 79%. Accuracy of barren areas needs to improve possibly using multi-temporal Landsat data. An update of land cover and change database of South America with additional land cover classes is needed. The results from this study are useful for developing resource management strategies, formulating biodiversity conservation strategies, and regular land cover monitoring and forecasting.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs6109494","usgsCitation":"Giri, C., and Long, J., 2014, Land cover characterization and mapping of South America for the year 2010 using Landsat 30 m satellite data: Remote Sensing, v. 6, no. 10, p. 9494-9510, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6109494.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"9494","endPage":"9510","ipdsId":"IP-059806","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473301,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6109494","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341862,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"South America","volume":"6","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c6e4b092b266f10d9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giri, Chandra cgiri@usgs.gov","contributorId":189128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giri","given":"Chandra","email":"cgiri@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Jordan 0000-0002-4814-464X jlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4814-464X","contributorId":3609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Jordan","email":"jlong@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70188467,"text":"70188467 - 2014 - Latest Quaternary paleoseismology and evidence of distributed dextral shear along the Mohawk Valley fault zone, northern Walker Lane, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-14T15:10:43","indexId":"70188467","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latest Quaternary paleoseismology and evidence of distributed dextral shear along the Mohawk Valley fault zone, northern Walker Lane, California","docAbstract":"The dextral-slip Mohawk Valley fault zone (MVFZ) strikes northwestward along the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada in the northern Walker Lane. Geodetic block modeling indicates that the MVFZ may accommodate ~3 mm/yr of regional dextral strain, implying that it is the highest slip-rate strike-slip fault in the region; however, only limited geologic data are available to constrain the system’s slip rate and earthquake history. We mapped the MVFZ using airborne lidar data and field observations and identified a site near Sulphur Creek for paleoseismic investigation. At this site, oblique dextral-normal faulting on the steep valley margin has created a closed depression that floods annually during spring snowmelt to form an ephemeral pond. We excavated three fault-perpendicular trenches at the site and exposed pond sediment that interfingers with multiple colluvial packages eroded from the scarp that bounds the eastern side of the pond. We documented evidence for four surface-rupturing earthquakes on this strand of the MVFZ. OxCal modeling of radiocarbon and luminescence ages indicates that these earthquakes occurred at 14.0 ka, 12.8 ka, 5.7 ka, and 1.9 ka. The mean ~4 kyr recurrence interval is inconsistent with slip rates of ~3 mm/yr; these rates imply surface ruptures of more than 10 m per event, which is geologically implausible for the subdued geomorphic expression and 60 km length of the MVFZ. We propose that unidentified structures not yet incorporated into geodetic models may accommodate significant dextral shear across the northern Walker Lane, highlighting the role of distributed deformation in this region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014JB010987","usgsCitation":"Gold, R.D., Briggs, R.W., Personius, S., Crone, A.J., Mahan, S.A., and Angster, S., 2014, Latest Quaternary paleoseismology and evidence of distributed dextral shear along the Mohawk Valley fault zone, northern Walker Lane, California: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 119, no. 6, p. 5014-5032, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB010987.","productDescription":"19 p. ","startPage":"5014","endPage":"5032","ipdsId":"IP-055805","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473308,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb010987","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Walker Lane","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.6353759765625,\n 40.421860362045194\n ],\n [\n -120.62988281249999,\n 39.01491572891582\n ],\n [\n -119.2071533203125,\n 39.02345139405935\n ],\n [\n -119.2510986328125,\n 40.43858586704331\n ],\n [\n -120.6353759765625,\n 40.421860362045194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"119","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5940f9b3e4b0764e6c63eab9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gold, Ryan D. 0000-0002-4464-6394 rgold@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-6394","contributorId":3883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gold","given":"Ryan","email":"rgold@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":139002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Personius, Stephen 0000-0001-8347-7370 personius@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8347-7370","contributorId":150055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Personius","given":"Stephen","email":"personius@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mahan, Shannon A. 0000-0001-5214-7774 smahan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5214-7774","contributorId":147159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahan","given":"Shannon","email":"smahan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":697902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Angster, Stephen","contributorId":192855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Angster","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":697903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70156824,"text":"70156824 - 2014 - Earthquake mechanism and seafloor deformation for tsunami generation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-11T16:48:54","indexId":"70156824","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Earthquake mechanism and seafloor deformation for tsunami generation","docAbstract":"Tsunamis are generated in the ocean by rapidly displacing the entire water column over a significant area. The potential energy resulting from this disturbance is balanced with the kinetic energy of the waves during propagation. Only a handful of submarine geologic phenomena can generate tsunamis: large-magnitude earthquakes, large landslides, and volcanic processes. Asteroid and subaerial landslide impacts can generate tsunami waves from above the water. Earthquakes are by far the most common generator of tsunamis. Generally, earthquakes greater than magnitude (M) 6.5–7 can generate tsunamis if they occur beneath an ocean and if they result in predominantly vertical displacement. One of the greatest uncertainties in both deterministic and probabilistic hazard assessments of tsunamis is computing seafloor deformation for earthquakes of a given magnitude.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of earthquake engineering","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_296-1","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., and Oglesby, D.D., 2014, Earthquake mechanism and seafloor deformation for tsunami generation, chap. of Encyclopedia of earthquake engineering, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_296-1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-054813","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329474,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe679fe4b0824b2d14371b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Beer, Michael","contributorId":149829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beer","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650606,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kougioumtzoglou, Ioannis A.","contributorId":149830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kougioumtzoglou","given":"Ioannis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650607,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patelli, Edoardo","contributorId":149831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patelli","given":"Edoardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650608,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Siu-Kui Au, Ivan","contributorId":149832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Siu-Kui Au","given":"Ivan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650609,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oglesby, David D.","contributorId":51637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oglesby","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192779,"text":"70192779 - 2014 - Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae Graptemys gibbonsi - Pascagoula Map Turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T13:58:04","indexId":"70192779","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae Graptemys gibbonsi - Pascagoula Map Turtle","docAbstract":"The Pascagoula Map Turtle, Graptemys gibbonsi, is a large riverine species that exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism, where females attain a maximum carapace length (CL) of 295 mm and males a maximum of 141 mm (Lovich et al. 2009). Mean adult female CL (248 mm) can be well over twice the mean CL of adult males (104 mm; Gibbons and Lovich 1990, Lovich et al. 2009). In addition, females have conspicuously enlarged heads (37.9 mm, SD = 14.0 mm) with broad alveolar surfaces (12.1 mm, SD = 4.9) compared to males (head width – 16.4 mm, SD = 1.1 mm; alveolar width – 4.3 mm, SD = 0.40 mm; Lindeman, unpublished data). Males have longer tails with the vent posterior to the edge of the carapace. Both sexes have relatively flat plastrons. Similar to other species within the pulchra clade, Graptemys gibbonsi possess a high-domed shell with a median keel. The median carapace keel is composed of prominent spines on the posterior portions of the second and third vertebrals. A broken black stripe, most pronounced anteriorly, marks the median keel of the vertebrals, and pleural scutes 1– 3 have a network of intersecting yellow lines or circular yellow markings on the distal parts. The plastron is pale yellow with dark pigment on some seams. Ground color of the head and limbs is brown to olive with light yellow or yellowish-green stripes and blotches. The yellow pigment on the upper marginal scutes is wide in comparison to other members of the pulchra clade.
Hatchling pigmentation patterns resemble those of adults, but with more conspicuous patterns on the pleural scutes. Similarly, the plastron of hatchlings commonly has more dark pigmentation along the seams than adults. The shell is highly serrated along the edge of the carapace and the vertebral keel is more pronounced than in adults.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptile","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., and Ennen, J., 2014, Reptilia: Testudines: Emydidae Graptemys gibbonsi - Pascagoula Map Turtle, chap. of Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptile, p. 901.1-901.8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"901.1","endPage":"901.8","ipdsId":"IP-024182","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351496,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347558,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2152/45265"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeee10e4b0da30c1bfc751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":60368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua R.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70150325,"text":"70150325 - 2014 - Predicting connectivity of green turtles at Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific: a focus on mtDNA and dispersal modelling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T12:06:46","indexId":"70150325","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2567,"text":"Journal of the Royal Society Interface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting connectivity of green turtles at Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific: a focus on mtDNA and dispersal modelling","docAbstract":"Population connectivity and spatial distribution are fundamentally related to ecology, evolution and behaviour. Here, we combined powerful genetic analysis with simulations of particle dispersal in a high-resolution ocean circulation model to investigate the distribution of green turtles foraging at the remote Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, central Pacific. We analysed mitochondrial sequences from turtles (n = 349) collected there over 5 years (2008–2012). Genetic analysis assigned natal origins almost exclusively (approx. 97%) to the West Central and South Central Pacific combined Regional Management Units. Further, our modelling results indicated that turtles could potentially drift from rookeries to Palmyra Atoll via surface currents along a near-Equatorial swathe traversing the Pacific. Comparing findings from genetics and modelling highlighted the complex impacts of ocean currents and behaviour on natal origins. Although the Palmyra feeding ground was highly differentiated genetically from others in the Indo-Pacific, there was no significant differentiation among years, sexes or stage-classes at the Refuge. Understanding the distribution of this foraging population advances knowledge of green turtles and contributes to effective conservation planning for this threatened species.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rsif.2013.0888","usgsCitation":"Naro-Maciel, E., Gaughran, S.J., Putman, N.F., Amato, G., Arengo, F., Dutton, P.H., McFadden, K., Vintinner, E.C., and Sterling, E.J., 2014, Predicting connectivity of green turtles at Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific: a focus on mtDNA and dispersal modelling: Journal of the Royal Society Interface, v. 11, no. 93, e20130888: 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0888.","productDescription":"e20130888: 13 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049447","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473280,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0888","text":"External Repository"},{"id":305532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"93","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f36e4b0b6d21dd6cbfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naro-Maciel, Eugenia","contributorId":138902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naro-Maciel","given":"Eugenia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12576,"text":"College of Staten Island, Staten Island, New York","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gaughran, Stephen J.","contributorId":145436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaughran","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Putman, Nathan Freeman","contributorId":145423,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Putman","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"Freeman","affiliations":[{"id":16119,"text":"National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, FL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amato, George","contributorId":45579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amato","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arengo, Felicity","contributorId":145437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arengo","given":"Felicity","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dutton, Peter H.","contributorId":98029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutton","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McFadden, Katherine W. kwmcfadden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFadden","given":"Katherine W.","email":"kwmcfadden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":556708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vintinner, Erin C.","contributorId":145438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vintinner","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sterling, Eleanor J.","contributorId":145439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sterling","given":"Eleanor","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70191616,"text":"70191616 - 2014 - Evaluation and prioritization of stream habitat monitoring in the Lower Columbia Salmon and Steelhead Recovery Domain as related to the habitat monitoring needs of ESA recovery plans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T16:29:49","indexId":"70191616","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"PNAMP Series 2014-003","title":"Evaluation and prioritization of stream habitat monitoring in the Lower Columbia Salmon and Steelhead Recovery Domain as related to the habitat monitoring needs of ESA recovery plans","docAbstract":"The lower Columbia River and its tributaries once supported abundant runs of salmon and steelhead; however, there are five species currently listed under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The National Marine Fisheries Service has completed, and is proposing for adoption, a comprehensive ESA Recovery Plan for the Lower Columbia Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) based on the recovery plans developed by Oregon and Washington. One of the primary factors attributed to the decline of these species is habitat degradation. There are numerous entities conducting status and/or trends monitoring of instream habitat in the lower Columbia River Basin, but because the programs were developed for agency specific reasons, the existing monitoring efforts are not well coordinated, and often lack the spatial coverage, certainty, or species coverage necessary to answer questions related to status and trends of the ESA listed populations. The Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership’s Integrated Status and Trends Monitoring (ISTM) project was initiated to improve integration of existing and new monitoring efforts by developing recommendations for sampling frames, protocols, and data sharing. In an effort to meet the ISTM project goals, five objectives were identified: (1) identify and prioritize decisions, questions, and monitoring objectives, (2) evaluate how existing programs align with these management decisions, questions, and objectives, (3) identify the most appropriate monitoring design to inform priority management decisions, questions, and objectives, (4) use trade-off analysis to develop specific recommendations for monitoring based on outcomes of Objectives 1-3 and (5) recommend implementation and reporting mechanisms. This report summarizes the effort to address Objectives 1 and 2, detailing the commonalities among the habitat characteristics that all entities measure and monitor, and how the metrics align with the priorities listed in the comprehensive recovery plan for the Lower Columbia ESUs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Northwest Aquatic Monitoring Partnership","usgsCitation":"Puls, A.L., Anlauf Dunn, K., and Graham Hudson, B., 2014, Evaluation and prioritization of stream habitat monitoring in the Lower Columbia Salmon and Steelhead Recovery Domain as related to the habitat monitoring needs of ESA recovery plans, 42 p.","productDescription":"42 p.","ipdsId":"IP-050765","costCenters":[{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352198,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.pnamp.org/sites/default/files/pnamp_2014-003_istm_habitat_report_final.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeee10e4b0da30c1bfc757","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puls, Amy L. apuls@usgs.gov","contributorId":3202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puls","given":"Amy","email":"apuls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5077,"text":"Northwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anlauf Dunn, Kara","contributorId":197198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anlauf Dunn","given":"Kara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Graham Hudson, Bernadette","contributorId":197199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham Hudson","given":"Bernadette","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70174128,"text":"70174128 - 2014 - Northern Pintail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T14:39:41","indexId":"70174128","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5033,"text":"The Birds of North America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Northern Pintail","docAbstract":"This medium-sized dabbling duck of slender, elegant lines and conservative plumage coloration is circumpolar in distribution and abundant in North America, with core nesting habitat in Alaska and the Prairie Pothole Region of southern Canada and the northern Great Plains. Breeders favor shallow wetlands interspersed throughout prairie grasslands or arctic tundra. An early fall migrant, the species arrives on wintering areas beginning in August, after wing molt, often forming large roosting and feeding flocks on open, shallow wetlands and flooded agricultural fields. The birds consume grains, marsh plant seeds, and aquatic invertebrates throughout fall and winter.
Northern Pintails are among the earliest nesting ducks in North America, beginning shortly after ice-out in many northern areas. Individuals form new pair bonds each winter but are highly promiscuous during the nesting season, with mated and unmated males often involved in vigorous, acrobatic Pursuit Flights. Annual nest success and productivity vary with water conditions, predation, and weather. Females build nests on the ground, often far from water. Only the female incubates; her mate leaves shortly after incubation begins. Ducklings hatch together in one day, follow the female to water after a day in the nest, and fledge by July or August. Adults and ducklings consume mainly aquatic invertebrates during the breeding season.
Predators and farming operations destroy many thousands of Northern Pintail nests annually; farming has also greatly reduced the amount of quality nesting cover available. Winter habitats are threatened by water shortages, agricultural development, contamination, and urbanization. Periods of extended drought in prairie nesting regions have caused dramatic population declines, usually followed by periods of recovery. Over the long term, however, the continental population of Northern Pintails has declined significantly from 6 million birds in the early 1970s to less than 3 million in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Since then, the population appears to have stabilized; in 2013, the estimate was 3.3 million birds, a large number but below conservation goals despite favorable wetland conditions in much of the prairie breeding region. Ongoing conservation measures, however, such as habitat restoration and enhancement of agricultural lands, as well as prudent harvest management, suggest that Northern Pintails should have a secure future in North America.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cornell University","doi":"10.2173/bna.163","usgsCitation":"Clark, R.G., Fleskes, J., Guyn, K.L., Haukos, D.A., Austin, J.E., and Miller, M.R., 2014, Northern Pintail: The Birds of North America, https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.163.","ipdsId":"IP-050786","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c2e4b0b7ea54521c3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Robert G.","contributorId":33781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleskes, Joseph P. joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","contributorId":138999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleskes","given":"Joseph P.","email":"joe_fleskes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guyn, Karla L.","contributorId":191184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guyn","given":"Karla","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. jaustin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, Michael R.","contributorId":45796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12709,"text":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70175375,"text":"70175375 - 2014 - Statistical assessment on a combined analysis of GRYN-ROMN-UCBN upland vegetation vital signs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-09T14:22:32","indexId":"70175375","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/UCBN/NRR—2014/855","title":"Statistical assessment on a combined analysis of GRYN-ROMN-UCBN upland vegetation vital signs","docAbstract":"As of 2013, Rocky Mountain and Upper Columbia Basin Inventory and Monitoring Networks have multiple years of vegetation data and Greater Yellowstone Network has three years of vegetation data and monitoring is ongoing in all three networks. Our primary objective is to assess whether a combined analysis of these data aimed at exploring correlations with climate and weather data is feasible. We summarize the core survey design elements across protocols and point out the major statistical challenges for a combined analysis at present. The dissimilarity in response designs between ROMN and UCBN-GRYN network protocols presents a statistical challenge that has not been resolved yet. However, the UCBN and GRYN data are compatible as they implement a similar response design; therefore, a combined analysis is feasible and will be pursued in future. When data collected by different networks are combined, the survey design describing the merged dataset is (likely) a complex survey design. A complex survey design is the result of combining datasets from different sampling designs. A complex survey design is characterized by unequal probability sampling, varying stratification, and clustering (see Lohr 2010 Chapter 7 for general overview). Statistical analysis of complex survey data requires modifications to standard methods, one of which is to include survey design weights within a statistical model. We focus on this issue for a combined analysis of upland vegetation from these networks, leaving other topics for future research. We conduct a simulation study on the possible effects of equal versus unequal probability selection of points on parameter estimates of temporal trend using available packages within the R statistical computing package. We find that, as written, using lmer or lm for trend detection in a continuous response and clm and clmm for visually estimated cover classes with “raw” GRTS design weights specified for the weight argument leads to substantially different results and/or computational instability. However, when only fixed effects are of interest, the survey package (svyglm and svyolr) may be suitable for a model-assisted analysis for trend. We provide possible directions for future research into combined analysis for ordinal and continuous vital sign indictors.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","collaboration":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Irvine, K.M., and Rodhouse, T., 2014, Statistical assessment on a combined analysis of GRYN-ROMN-UCBN upland vegetation vital signs: Natural Resource Report NPS/UCBN/NRR—2014/855, vii., 41 p. .","productDescription":"vii., 41 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-056649","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328457,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":326216,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2216464"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d3dd3ce4b0571647d19ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irvine, Kathryn M. 0000-0002-6426-940X kirvine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6426-940X","contributorId":2218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irvine","given":"Kathryn","email":"kirvine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":644969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodhouse, Thomas J.","contributorId":127378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodhouse","given":"Thomas J.","affiliations":[{"id":6924,"text":"National Park Service, Upper Columbia Basin Network","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":644970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70174151,"text":"70174151 - 2014 - Adult survival, apparent lamb survival, and body condition of desert bighorn sheep in relation to habitat and precipitation on the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T14:13:43","indexId":"70174151","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5373,"text":"Cooperator Science Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"109-2014","title":"Adult survival, apparent lamb survival, and body condition of desert bighorn sheep in relation to habitat and precipitation on the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona","docAbstract":"The decline of desert bighorn sheep on the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge (KNWR) beginning in 2003 stimulated efforts to determine the factors limiting survival and recruitment. We 1) determined pregnancy rates, body fat, and estimated survival rates of adults and lambs; 2) investigated the relationship between precipitation, forage conditions, previous year’s reproductive success, and adult body condition; 3) assessed the relative influence of body condition of adult females, precipitation, and forage characteristics on apparent survival of lambs; and 4) determined the prevalence of disease. To assess the influence of potential limiting factors on female desert bighorn sheep on the KNWR, we modeled percent body fat of adult females as a function of previous year’s reproductive effort, age class, and forage conditions (i.e., seasonal NDVI and seasonal precipitation). In addition, we assessed the relative influence of the body condition of adult females, precipitation, and forage conditions (NDVI) on length of time a lamb was observed at heel.
Adult female survival was high in both 2009 (0.90 [SE = 0.05]) and 2010 (0.96 [SE = 0.03]). Apparent lamb survival to 6 months of age was 0.23 (SE = 0.05) during 2009-2010 and 0.21 (SE = 0.05) during 2010-2011 lambing seasons. Mean body fat for adult females was 12.03% (SE = 0.479) in 2009-2010 and 11.11% (SE= 0.486) in 2010-2011 and was not significantly different between years. Pregnancy rate was 100% in 2009 and 97.5% in 2010.
Models containing the previous year’s reproductive effort, spring NDVI and previous year’s reproductive effort and spring precipitation best approximated data on percent body fat in adult females in 2009-2010. In 2010-2011, the two highest-ranking models included the previous year’s reproductive effort and winter NDVI and previous year’s reproductive effort, and winter and spring NDVI. None of the models assessing the influence of maternal body fat, precipitation, or forage conditions were particularly useful for predicting apparent lamb survival.
The high pregnancy rates and body fat levels in excess of 11% do not indicate that this population of desert bighorn was nutritionally stressed during our study and are thus likely not contributing to the low lamb survival estimates we observed. However, body condition data during the population decline is not available and whether this population was nutritionally limited during the initial population decline remains unknown.
The prevalence of disease in the Kofa herd may be a limiting factor; however, due to a lack of disease monitoring during the population decline it is uncertain if disease contributed to the decline. Further research is needed to fully understand the complex interaction of disease in this population at the individual and population level and determine to what extent disease predisposes individuals to predation or other causes of mortality.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.01014.x","usgsCitation":"Overstreet, M., Caldwell, C.A., and Cain, J.W., 2014, Adult survival, apparent lamb survival, and body condition of desert bighorn sheep in relation to habitat and precipitation on the Kofa National Wildlife Refuge, Arizona: Cooperator Science Series 109-2014, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2008.01014.x.","productDescription":"20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-056470","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339979,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://digitalmedia.fws.gov/cdm/ref/collection/document/id/2063"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Kofa National Wildlife Refuge","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f877c2e4b0b7ea54521c3c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Overstreet, Matthew","contributorId":38472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overstreet","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caldwell, Colleen A. 0000-0002-4730-4867 ccaldwel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4730-4867","contributorId":3050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Colleen","email":"ccaldwel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cain, James W. III 0000-0003-4743-516X jwcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-516X","contributorId":4063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"jwcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70100896,"text":"70100896 - 2014 - Modeling the hydrogeophysical response of lake talik evolution ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T11:39:28","indexId":"70100896","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling the hydrogeophysical response of lake talik evolution ","docAbstract":"Geophysical methods provide valuable information about subsurface permafrost and its relation to dynamic hydrologic systems. Airborne electromagnetic data from interior Alaska are used to map the distribution of permafrost, geological features, surface water, and groundwater. To validate and gain further insight into these field datasets, we also explore the geophysical response to hydrologic simulations of permafrost evolution by implementing a physical property relationship that connects geology, temperature, and ice saturation to changes in electrical properties.
The detection and evaluation of time-dependent changes at volcanoes form the foundation upon which successful volcano monitoring is built. Temporal changes at volcanoes occur over all time scales and may be obvious (e.g., earthquake swarms) or subtle (e.g., a slow, steady increase in the level of tremor). Some of the most challenging types of time-dependent change to detect are subtle variations in material properties beneath active volcanoes. Although difficult to measure, such changes carry important information about stresses and fluids present within hydrothermal and magmatic systems. These changes are imprinted on seismic waves that propagate through volcanoes. In recent years, there has been a quantum leap in the ability to detect subtle structural changes systematically at volcanoes with seismic waves. The new methodology is based on the idea that useful seismic signals can be generated “at will” from seismic noise. This means signals can be measured any time, in contrast to the often irregular and unpredictable times of earthquakes. With seismic noise in the frequency band 0.1–1 Hz arising from the interaction of the ocean with the solid Earth known as microseisms, researchers have demonstrated that cross-correlations of passive seismic recordings between pairs of seismometers yield coherent signals (Campillo and Paul 2003; Shapiro and Campillo 2004). Based on this principle, coherent signals have been reconstructed from noise recordings in such diverse fields as helioseismology (Rickett and Claerbout 2000), ultrasound (Weaver and Lobkis 2001), ocean acoustic waves (Roux and Kuperman 2004), regional (Shapiro et al. 2005; Sabra et al. 2005; Bensen et al. 2007) and exploration (Draganov et al. 2007) seismology, atmospheric infrasound (Haney 2009), and studies of the cryosphere (Marsan et al. 2012). Initial applications of ambient seismic noise were to regional surface wave tomography (Shapiro et al. 2005). Brenguier et al. (2007) were the first to use ambient noise tomography (ANT) to map the 3D structure of a volcanic interior (at Piton de la Fournaise). Subsequent studies have imaged volcanoes with ANT at Okmok (Masterlark et al. 2010), Toba (Stankiewicz et al. 2010), Katmai (Thurber et al. 2012), Asama (Nagaoka et al. 2012), Uturuncu (Jay et al. 2012), and Kilauea (Ballmer et al. 2013b). In addition, Ma et al. (2013) have imaged a scatterer in the volcanic region of southern Peru by applying array techniques to ambient noise correlations. Prior to and in tandem with the development of ANT, researchers discovered that repeating earthquakes, which often occur at volcanoes, could be used to monitor subtle time-dependent changes with a technique known as the doublet method or coda wave interferometry (CWI) (Poupinet et al. 1984; Roberts et al. 1992; Ratdomopurbo and Poupinet 1995; Snieder et al. 2002; Pandolfi et al. 2006; Wegler et al. 2006; Martini et al. 2009; Haney et al. 2009; De Angelis 2009; Nagaoka et al. 2010; Battaglia et al. 2012; Erdem and Waite 2005; Hotovec-Ellis et al. 2014). Chaput et al. (2012) have also used scattered waves from Strombolian eruption coda at Erebus volcano to image the reflectivity of the volcanic interior with body wave interferometry. However, CWI in its original form was limited in that repeating earthquakes, or doublets, were not always guaranteed to occur. With the widespread use of noise correlations in seismology following the groundbreaking work by Campillo and Paul (2003) and Shapiro et al. (2005), it became evident that the nature of the ambient seismic field, due to its oceanic origin, enabled the continuous monitoring of subtle, time-dependent changes at both fault zones (Wegler and Sens-Schönfelder 2007; Brenguier et al. 2008b; Wegler et al. 2009; Sawazaki et al. 2009; Tatagi et al. 2012) and volcanoes (Sens-Schönfelder and Wegler 2006; Brenguier et al. 2008a) without the need for repeating earthquakes. Seismic precursors to eruptions based on ambient noise we
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_50-1","isbn":"978-3-642-36197-5 (Online)","usgsCitation":"Haney, M.M., Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis, Bennington, N.L., De Angelis, S., and Clifford Thurber, 2014, Tracking changes in volcanic systems with seismic Interferometry, chap. of Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_50-1.","productDescription":"23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056318","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325378,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdbae4b0f1bea0e0f902","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":642744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis","contributorId":172949,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alicia J. Hotovec-Ellis","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennington, Ninfa L.","contributorId":172950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennington","given":"Ninfa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"De Angelis, Silvio","contributorId":172951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Angelis","given":"Silvio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16977,"text":"University of Liverpool","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clifford Thurber","contributorId":172952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clifford Thurber","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193080,"text":"70193080 - 2014 - Age and isotopic systematics of Cretaceous borehole and surface samples from the greater Los Angeles Basin region: Implications for the types of crust that might underlie Los Angeles and their distribution along late Cenozoic fault systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T16:04:15","indexId":"70193080","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Age and isotopic systematics of Cretaceous borehole and surface samples from the greater Los Angeles Basin region: Implications for the types of crust that might underlie Los Angeles and their distribution along late Cenozoic fault systems","docAbstract":"Nine U-Pb zircon ages were determined on plutonic rocks sampled from surface outcrops and rock chips of drill core from boreholes within the greater Los Angeles Basin region. In addition, lead-strontium-neodymium (Pb-Sr-Nd) whole-rock isotopic data were obtained for eight of these samples. These results help to characterize the crystalline basement rocks hidden in the subsurface and provide information that bears on the tectonic history of the myriad of fault systems that have dissected the Los Angeles region over the past 15 m.y. Seven of the nine samples have U-Pb ages ranging from 115 to 103 Ma and whole-rock Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics that indicate the crystalline basement underneath the greater Los Angeles Basin region is mostly part of the Peninsular Ranges batholith. Furthermore, these data are interpreted as evidence for (1) the juxtaposition of mid-Cretaceous, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith plutonic rocks against Late Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Transverse Ranges in the San Fernando Valley, probably along the Verdugo fault; (2) the juxtaposition of older northwestern Peninsular Ranges batholith rocks against younger northeastern Peninsular Ranges batholith rocks in the northern Puente Hills, implying transposition of northeastern Peninsular Ranges batholith rocks to the west along unrecognized faults beneath the Chino Basin; and (3) juxtaposition of northern Peninsular Ranges batholith plutonic rocks against Late Cretaceous plutonic rocks of the Transverse Ranges along the San Jose fault in the northern San Jose Hills at Ganesha Park. These mainly left-lateral strike-slip faults of the eastern part of the greater Los Angeles Basin region could be the result of block rotation within the adjacent orthogonal, right-lateral, Elsinore-Whittier fault zone to the west and the subparallel San Jacinto fault zone to the east. The San Andreas fault system is the larger, subparallel, driving force further to the east.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":" Peninsular ranges Batholith, Baja California and southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.1211(02)","usgsCitation":"Premo, W.R., Morton, D.M., and Kistler, R., 2014, Age and isotopic systematics of Cretaceous borehole and surface samples from the greater Los Angeles Basin region: Implications for the types of crust that might underlie Los Angeles and their distribution along late Cenozoic fault systems, chap. of Peninsular ranges Batholith, Baja California and southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211, p. 21-59, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.1211(02).","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"59","ipdsId":"IP-040891","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350152,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c9e4b06e28e9c25427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":717894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":717893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kistler, Ronald W.","contributorId":56969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kistler","given":"Ronald W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193085,"text":"70193085 - 2014 - SHRIMP-RG U-Pb ages of provenance and metamorphism from detrital zircon populations and Pb-Sr-Nd signatures of prebatholithic metasedimentary rocks at Searl Ridge, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for their age, origin, and tectonic setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T17:13:08","indexId":"70193085","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"SHRIMP-RG U-Pb ages of provenance and metamorphism from detrital zircon populations and Pb-Sr-Nd signatures of prebatholithic metasedimentary rocks at Searl Ridge, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for their age, origin, and tectonic setting","docAbstract":"Twenty-four samples were collected from prebatholithic metasedimentary rocks along Searl Ridge, the north rim of the Diamond Valley Reservoir, Domenigoni Valley, centrally located in the northern Peninsular Ranges of southern California. These rocks exhibit progressive metamorphism from west to east across fundamental structural discontinuities now referred to as a “transition zone.” Documented structural and mineralogical changes occur across this metamorphic gradient. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe–reverse geometry (SHRIMP-RG) U-Pb ages were obtained from detrital zircons from metasedimentary rocks through the transition zone. To the west, metapelitic and minor metasandstone units yielded numerous concordant 206Pb/238U ages between 210 and 240 Ma, and concordant 207Pb/206Pb ages at 1075–1125 Ma, 1375–1430 Ma, and 1615–1735 Ma, although distinct differences in provenance were noted between units. A few older 207Pb/206Pb ages obtained were ca. 2250 Ma and ca. 2800 Ma. Rocks of the eastern part of the transition zone include high-grade paragneisses that yielded numerous concordant 206Pb/238U ages between 103 and 123 Ma and between 200 and 255 Ma, and concordant 207Pb/206Pb ages at 1060–1150 Ma, 1375–1435 Ma, and 1595–1710 Ma. Some zircon results from these high-grade gneisses are marked by distinct Pb-loss discordia with lower-intercept ages of ca. 215 Ma and Paleoproterozoic upper-intercept ages. Younger ages between 100 and 105 Ma are mainly obtained from rims of some zircon grains that are characterized by low Th/U values (<0.1) and high U contents (>1000 ppm), indicating the likelihood of metamorphic zircon growth at that time. The similarity of zircon age populations between western and eastern units through the transition zone indicates that this fundamental structure probably dissects sediments of the same basin. This supposition is further supported by initial whole-rock Pb-Sr-Nd isotopic data that show similar average initial 206Pb/204Pb (18.65 to 18.9), 87Sr/86Sr (0.713 to 0.718), and εNd (−7 to −12) values for both the western and eastern units—values that also indicate the presence of significantly older crustal material in their provenance.
Magmatic zircons from a diorite dike that crosscuts the foliation, but is itself subsequently metamorphosed, yielded a SHRIMP-RG concordia age of 103.3 ± 0.73 Ma, which is within agreement of an isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) U-Pb age of 103.37 ± 0.25 Ma. A postmetamorphic, cross-cutting pegmatite yielded discordant U-Pb zircon age data, but euhedral, glassy monazite from the pegmatite yielded a slightly discordant 207Pb/235U age of 101.85 ± 0.35 Ma and a Th-Pb age of 97.53 ± 0.18 Ma, suggesting that this pegmatite was injected during or just after deformation ceased. The age and initial Pb-Sr-Nd signature for the dioritic dike indicate it was produced during the transition zone plutonism elsewhere in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, whereas the pegmatitic dike was derived from crustal anatexis.
Collectively, these results indicate that this sequence of metasedimentary rocks was derived from mainly a Late Permian to Early Triassic igneous provenance that probably intruded Proterozoic crust. The sequence was subsequently metamorphosed during deformation of the Cretaceous continental margin at ca. 105 to 97 Ma.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Peninsular ranges Batholith, Baja California and southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.1211(14)","usgsCitation":"Premo, W.R., and Morton, D.M., 2014, SHRIMP-RG U-Pb ages of provenance and metamorphism from detrital zircon populations and Pb-Sr-Nd signatures of prebatholithic metasedimentary rocks at Searl Ridge, northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for their age, origin, and tectonic setting, chap. of Peninsular ranges Batholith, Baja California and southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211, p. 449-498, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.1211(14).","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"449","endPage":"498","ipdsId":"IP-037890","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350158,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c9e4b06e28e9c25423","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":717911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":725314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193088,"text":"70193088 - 2014 - U-Pb zircon geochronology of plutonism in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for the Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T17:06:44","indexId":"70193088","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"U-Pb zircon geochronology of plutonism in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for the Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern California","docAbstract":"Utilizing both sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) and conventional isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) methods, crystallization and/or emplacement ages have been obtained for a suite of Cretaceous intermediate-composition plutonic samples collected along a roughly E-W–trending traverse through the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith. Previously noted petrologic, mineralogic, and textural differences delineated four major zonations from west to east and raised the need for detailed geochemical and isotopic work. U-Pb zircon geochronology establishes that these zonations are essentially temporally separate. Mean 206Pb/238U ages date the three older zones from west to east at 126–107 Ma, 107–98 Ma, and 98–91 Ma. Despite petrologic differences, a relatively smooth progression of magmatism is seen from west to east. A fourth zone is defined by magmatism at ca. 85 Ma, which represents emplacement of deeper-level plutons east of the Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone in an allochthonous thrust sheet in the northeastern Peninsular Ranges batholith.
The age data presented here differ slightly from those presented in earlier work for similar rocks exposed across the middle and southern portions of the Peninsular Ranges batholith in that our data define a relatively smooth progression of magmatism from west to east, and that the transition from western-type to eastern-type plutonism is interpreted to have occurred at ca. 98 Ma and not at ca. 105 Ma.
The progressive involvement of older crustal components in the enrichment of eastern Peninsular Ranges batholith–type magma sources is documented by the occurrence of Proterozoic zircon inheritance within samples of the eastern part of the batholith.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Peninsular ranges Batholith, Baja California and southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.1211(04)","usgsCitation":"Premo, W.R., Morton, D., Wooden, J.L., and Fanning, C.M., 2014, U-Pb zircon geochronology of plutonism in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for the Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern California, chap. of Peninsular ranges Batholith, Baja California and southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211, p. 145-180, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.1211(04).","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"145","endPage":"180","ipdsId":"IP-019203","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c9e4b06e28e9c25421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":717935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M.","contributorId":199010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":193587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fanning, C. Mark","contributorId":193428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanning","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193091,"text":"70193091 - 2014 - Thermochronology of Cretaceous batholithic rocks in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for the Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T17:16:33","indexId":"70193091","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Thermochronology of Cretaceous batholithic rocks in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for the Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern California","docAbstract":"The thermochronology for several suites of Mesozoic metamorphic and plutonic rocks collected throughout the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith (PRB) was studied as part of a collaborative isotopic study to further our understanding of the magmatic and tectonic history of southern California. These sample suites include: a traverse through the plutonic rocks across the northern PRB (N = 29), a traverse across a central structural and metamorphic transition zone of mainly metasedimentary rocks at Searl ridge (N = 20), plutonic samples from several drill cores (N = 7) and surface samples (N = 2) from the Los Angeles Basin, a traverse across the Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone (N = 6), and a suite of plutonic samples collected across the northern PRB (N = 13) from which only biotite 40Ar/39Ar ages were obtained. These geochronologic data help to characterize five major petrologic, geochemical, and isotopic zonations of the PRB (western zone, WZ; western transition zone, WTZ; eastern transition zone, ETZ; eastern zone, EZ; and upper-plate zone, UPZ).
Apparent cooling rates were calculated using U-Pb zircon (zr) and titanite (sphene) ages; 40Ar/39Ar ages from hornblende (hbl), biotite (bi), and K-feldspar (Kf); and apatite fission-track (AFT) ages from the same samples. The apparent cooling rates across the northern PRB vary from relatively rapid in the west (zr-hbl ~210 °C/m.y.; zr-bio ~160 °C/m.y.; zr-Kf ~80 °C/m.y.) to less rapid in the central (zr-hb ~280 °C/m.y.; zr-bio ~90 °C/m.y.; zr-Kf ~60 °C/m.y.) and eastern (zr-hbl ~185 °C/m.y.; zr-bio ~180 °C/m.y.; zr-Kf ~60 °C/m.y.) zones. An exception in the eastern zone, the massive San Jacinto pluton, appears to have cooled very rapidly (zr-bio ~385 °C/m.y.). Apparent cooling rates for the UPZ samples are consistently slower in comparison (~25–45 °C/m.y.), regardless of which geochronometers are used.
Notable characteristics of the various ages from different dating methods include: (1) Zircon ages indicate a progressive younging of magmatic activity from west to east between ca. 125 and 90 Ma. (2) Various geochronometers were apparently affected by emplacement of the voluminous (ETZ and EZ) La Posta–type plutons emplaced between 99 and 91 Ma. Those minerals affected include K-feldspar in the western zone rocks, biotite and K-feldspar in the WTZ rocks, and white mica and K-feldspar in rocks from Searl ridge. (3) The AFT ages record the time the rocks cooled through the AFT closure temperature (~100 °C in these rocks), likely due to exhumation. Throughout most of the northern traverse, the apatite data indicate the rocks cooled relatively quickly through the apatite partial annealing zone (PAZ; from ~110 °C to 60 °C) and remained at temperatures less than 60 °C as continued exhumation cooled them to present-day surface temperatures. The ages indicate that the western “arc” terrane of the WZ was being uplifted and cooled at ca. 91 Ma, during or shortly after intrusion of the 99–91 Ma La Posta–type plutons to the east. Uplift and cooling occurred later, between ca. 70 Ma and ca. 55 Ma, in the central WTZ, ETZ, and EZ rocks, possibly as upwarping in response to events in the UPZ. The UPZ experienced differential exhumation at ca. 50–35 Ma: Cooling on the western edge was taking place at about the same time or shortly after cooling in the younger samples in the ETZ and EZ, whereas on the east side of the UPZ, the rocks cooled later (ca. 35 Ma) and spent a prolonged time in the apatite PAZ compared to most northern traverse samples.
Apparent cooling rates from Los Angeles Basin drill core samples of plutonic rocks show that four are similar to the WTZ thermal histories, and two are similar to the WTZ histories, indicating that the eastern part of the Los Angeles Basin area is underlain by mainly western zone PRB rocks.
Thermal histories revealed by samples from Searl ridge indicate that the WTZ magmatism intruded the metasedimentary rocks prior to their deformation and metamorphism at ca. 97 Ma. Both low-grade schists and metasandstones of the western side of the ridge and high-grade gneisses of the eastern side of the ridge have thermal histories consistent with eastern zone rocks—suggesting a temporal/thermal relationship between the western transition zone and the eastern zones.
Limited ages from six samples across the Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone (EPRMZ) indicate that this zone underwent cooling after emplacement of the youngest UPZ rocks at 85 Ma, suggesting that thrusting along the EPRMZ was either coeval with emplacement of the UPZ plutonic rocks or occurred shortly afterwards (~10–15 m.y.). Alternatively, the EPRMZ thrusting may have occurred at temperatures under ~180 °C at yet a later date.
The geochronology presented here differs slightly from previous studies for similar rocks exposed across the middle and southern portions of the PRB, in that our data define a relatively smooth progression of magmatism from west to east, and the transition from western, oceanic-arc plutonism to eastern, continental arc plutonism is interpreted to have occurred at ca. 99–97 Ma and not at ca. 105 Ma.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Peninsular ranges Batholith, Baja California and southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.1211(06)","usgsCitation":"Miggins, D.P., Premo, W.R., Snee, L.W., Yeoman, R., Naeaer, N.D., Naeser, C.W., and Morton, D., 2014, Thermochronology of Cretaceous batholithic rocks in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith, southern California: Implications for the Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern California, chap. of Peninsular ranges Batholith, Baja California and southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211, p. 199-261, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.1211(06).","productDescription":"63 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"261","ipdsId":"IP-039597","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c9e4b06e28e9c2541f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miggins, Daniel P.","contributorId":199027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miggins","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":717950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Snee, Lawrence W.","contributorId":199028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snee","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yeoman, Ross","contributorId":199030,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yeoman","given":"Ross","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Naeaer, Nancy D.","contributorId":199029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naeaer","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Naeser, Charles W.","contributorId":199026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Naeser","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M.","contributorId":199010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70178389,"text":"70178389 - 2014 - Water quality monitoring protocol for wadeable streams and rivers in the Northern Great Plains Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T13:26:08","indexId":"70178389","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NGPN/NRR—2014/868","title":"Water quality monitoring protocol for wadeable streams and rivers in the Northern Great Plains Network","docAbstract":"Preserving the national parks unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations is a fundamental purpose of the National Park Service (NPS). To address growing concerns regarding the overall physical, chemical, and biological elements and processes of park ecosystems, the NPS implemented science-based management through “Vital Signs” monitoring in 270 national parks (NPS 2007). The Northern Great Plains Network (NGPN) is among the 32 National Park Service Networks participating in this monitoring effort. The NGPN will develop protocols over the next several years to determine the overall health or condition of resources within 13 parks located in Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming.\nThe NGPN identified water resources as a Vital Sign to monitor because water quality and quantity are important aspects of ecological processes that operate across multiple temporal and spatial scales. In the semi-arid region of the Northern Great Plains, surface-water resources within the NGPN are ecologically important. The 13 parks within the NGPN are diverse and vary greatly in size, visitation, and water resources. For example, the measured surface area of the Badlands National Park is about 243,000 acres, which represents nearly one-half of the combined acreage of all 13 NGPN park units; however, water resources within the park are scarce and the majority of streams are intermittent. The Badlands National Park annually hosts nearly 860,000 visitors. Mount Rushmore National Memorial also has limited water resources but hosts nearly 3 million visitors per year within its 1,278 acres. The Missouri National Recreational River contains the greatest portion of waterbodies within the NGPN, consisting of 139 rivers and streams within an areal extent of about 69,000 acres. Although water resources and acreage of the NGPN parks are varied, unifying factors among the parks include the relatively low population density within the Great Plains area and the strong emphasis on agrarian land use throughout the region.\nTo address the diverse water quality concerns, NGPN received input from park staff and conducted pilot studies in 2009 and 2010. These factors, in combination with the NGPN budget allocations, resulted in development of the NGPN’s water quality monitoring protocol. This protocol will provide a context to aid park resource managers in their day-to-day decisions and allow the assessment of the status (current conditions) and trends (directional changes across time) of streams/rivers within selected NGPN parks. Data collected from integrating water resource monitoring, in combination with the inventory of additional Vital Signs, can be used to assess resources and to aid in sound managerial decisions by the NGPN parks.\nAs recommended by Oakley et al. (2003), this protocol provides a narrative and the rationale for selection of streams and rivers within the NGPN that will be measured for water quality, including dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductivity, and temperature. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) that detail the steps to collect, manage, and disseminate the NGPN water quality data are in an accompanying document. The sampling design documented in this protocol may be updated as monitoring information is collected and interpreted, and as refinement of methodologies develop through time. In addition, evaluation of data and refinement of the program may necessitate potential changes of program objectives. Changes to the NGPN water quality protocols and SOPs will be carefully documented in a revision history log.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M.H., Rowe, B.L., Gitzen, R.A., Wilson, S.K., and Paintner-Green, K.J., 2014, Water quality monitoring protocol for wadeable streams and rivers in the Northern Great Plains Network: Natural Resource Report NPS/NGPN/NRR—2014/868, xxi., 52p.","productDescription":"xxi., 52p.","ipdsId":"IP-042869","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331056,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2216799"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Plains ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.21826171874999,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -100.5029296875,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -103.22753906249999,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -105.09521484375,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -106.2158203125,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -106.06201171875,\n 45.79816953017265\n ],\n [\n -106.10595703125,\n 48.1367666796927\n ],\n [\n -105.75439453125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -97.31689453125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 48.67645370777654\n ],\n [\n -97.09716796875,\n 47.88688085106901\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 47.12995075666307\n ],\n [\n -96.61376953125,\n 46.210249600187225\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 45.66012730272194\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -96.21826171874999,\n 42.27730877423709\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5859000ae4b03639a6025e37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Marcia H.","contributorId":6149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Marcia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Barbara L. blrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Barbara","email":"blrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gitzen, Robert A.","contributorId":75498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gitzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Stephen K.","contributorId":191011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paintner-Green, Kara J.","contributorId":176899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paintner-Green","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193082,"text":"70193082 - 2014 - Pb-Sr-Nd-O isotopic characterization of Mesozoic rocks throughout the northern end of the Peninsular Ranges batholith: Isotopic evidence for the magmatic evolution of oceanic arc–continental margin accretion during the Late Cretaceous of southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-20T16:59:26","indexId":"70193082","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"title":"Pb-Sr-Nd-O isotopic characterization of Mesozoic rocks throughout the northern end of the Peninsular Ranges batholith: Isotopic evidence for the magmatic evolution of oceanic arc–continental margin accretion during the Late Cretaceous of southern California","docAbstract":"Within the duration of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)–based Southern California Areal Mapping Project (SCAMP), many samples from the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith were studied for their whole-rock radioisotopic systematics (rubidium-strontium [Rb-Sr], uranium-thorium-lead [U-Th-Pb], and samarium-neodymium [Sm-Nd]), as well as oxygen (O), a stable isotope. The results of three main studies are presented separately, but here we combine them (>400 analyses) to produce a very complete Pb-Sr-Nd-O isotopic profile of an arc-continent collisional zone—perhaps the most complete in the world. In addition, because many of these samples have U-Pb zircon as well as argon mineral age determinations, we have good control of the timing for Pb-Sr-Nd-O isotopic variations.
The ages and isotopic variations help to delineate at least four zones across the batholith from west to east—an older western zone (126–108 Ma), a transitional zone (111–93 Ma), an eastern zone (94–91 Ma), and a much younger allochthonous thrust sheet (ca. 84 Ma), which is the upper plate of the Eastern Peninsular Ranges mylonite zone. Average initial 87Sr/86 Sr (Sri), initial 206Pb/204Pb (206 Pbi), initial 208Pb/204Pb (average 208Pbi), initial epsilon Nd (average εNdi), and δ18O signatures range from 0.704, 18.787, 38.445, +3.1, and 4.0‰–9.0‰, respectively, in the westernmost zone, to 0.7071, 19.199, 38.777, −5, and 9‰–12‰, respectively, in the easternmost zone. The older western zone is therefore the more chemically and isotopically juvenile, characterized mostly by values that are slightly displaced from a mantle array at ca. 115 Ma, and similar to some modern island-arc signatures. In contrast, the isotopic signatures in the eastern zones indicate significant amounts of crustal involvement in the magmatic plumbing of those plutons. These isotopic signatures confirm previously published results that interpreted the Peninsular Ranges batholith as a progressively contaminated magmatic arc. The Peninsular Ranges batholith magmatic arc was initially an oceanic arc built on Panthalassan lithosphere that eventually evolved into a continental margin magmatic arc collision zone, eventually overriding North American cratonic lithosphere. Our Pb-Sr-Nd data further suggest that the western arc rocks represent a nearshore or inboard oceanic arc, as they exhibit isotopic signatures that are more enriched than typical mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB). Isotopic signatures from the central zone are transitional and indicate that enriched crustal magma sources were becoming involved in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith magmatic plumbing. As the oceanic arc–continental margin collision progressed, a mixture of oceanic mantle and continental magmatic sources transpired. Magmatic production in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith moved eastward and continued to tap enriched crustal magmatic sources. Similar modeling has been previously proposed for two other western margin magmatic arcs, the Sierra Nevada batholith of central California and the Idaho batholith.
Calculated initial Nd signatures at ca. 100 Ma for Permian–Jurassic and Proterozoic basement rocks from the nearby San Gabriel Mountains and possible source areas along the southwestern Laurentian margin of southern California, southwestern Arizona, and northern Sonora strongly suggest their involvement with deep crustal magma mixing beneath the eastern zones of the Peninsular Ranges batholith, as well as farther east in continental lithospheric zones.
Last, several samples from the allochthonous, easternmost upper-plate zone, which are considerably younger (ca. 84 Ma) than any of the rocks from the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith proper, have even more enriched average Sri, 206Pbi, 208Pbi, and εNdisignatures of 0.7079, 19.344, 38.881, and −6.6, respectively, indicative of the most-evolved magma sources in the northern Peninsular Ranges batholith and similar to radioisotopic values for rocks from the nearby Transverse Ranges, suggesting a genetic connection between the two.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Peninsular ranges Batholith, Baja California and southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.1211(07)","usgsCitation":"Kistler, R.W., Wooden, J.L., Premo, W.R., and Morton, D., 2014, Pb-Sr-Nd-O isotopic characterization of Mesozoic rocks throughout the northern end of the Peninsular Ranges batholith: Isotopic evidence for the magmatic evolution of oceanic arc–continental margin accretion during the Late Cretaceous of southern California, chap. of Peninsular ranges Batholith, Baja California and southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 211, p. 263-316, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.1211(07).","productDescription":"54 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"316","ipdsId":"IP-037893","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350156,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6100c9e4b06e28e9c25425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kistler, Ronald W.","contributorId":199009,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kistler","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":193587,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Premo, Wayne R. 0000-0001-9904-4801 wpremo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-4801","contributorId":1697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Premo","given":"Wayne","email":"wpremo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":717896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morton, Douglas M.","contributorId":199010,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":717897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193114,"text":"70193114 - 2014 - Pros and cons of rotating ground motion records to fault-normal/parallel directions for response history analysis of buildings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T10:38:07","indexId":"70193114","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pros and cons of rotating ground motion records to fault-normal/parallel directions for response history analysis of buildings","docAbstract":"According to the regulatory building codes in the United States (e.g., 2010 California Building Code), at least two horizontal ground motion components are required for three-dimensional (3D) response history analysis (RHA) of building structures. For sites within 5 km of an active fault, these records should be rotated to fault-normal/fault-parallel (FN/FP) directions, and two RHAs should be performed separately (when FN and then FP are aligned with the transverse direction of the structural axes). It is assumed that this approach will lead to two sets of responses that envelope the range of possible responses over all nonredundant rotation angles. This assumption is examined here, for the first time, using a 3D computer model of a six-story reinforced-concrete instrumented building subjected to an ensemble of bidirectional near-fault ground motions. Peak values of engineering demand parameters (EDPs) were computed for rotation angles ranging from 0 through 180° to quantify the difference between peak values of EDPs over all rotation angles and those due to FN/FP direction rotated motions. It is demonstrated that rotating ground motions to FN/FP directions (1) does not always lead to the maximum responses over all angles, (2) does not always envelope the range of possible responses, and (3) does not provide maximum responses for all EDPs simultaneously even if it provides a maximum response for a specific EDP.
We characterize shear-wave velocity versus depth (Vs profile) at 16 portable seismograph sites through the epicentral region of the 2011 Mw 5.8 Mineral (Virginia, USA) earthquake to investigate ground-motion site effects in the area. We used a multimethod acquisition and analysis approach, where active-source horizontal shear (SH) wave reflection and refraction as well as active-source multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and passive-source refraction microtremor (ReMi) Rayleigh wave dispersion were interpreted separately. The time-averaged shear-wave velocity to a depth of 30 m (Vs30), interpreted bedrock depth, and site resonant frequency were estimated from the best-fit Vs profile of each method at each location for analysis. Using the median Vs30 value (270–715 m/s) as representative of a given site, we estimate that all 16 sites are National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site class C or D. Based on a comparison of simplified mapped surface geology to median Vs30 at our sites, we do not see clear evidence for using surface geologic units as a proxy for Vs30 in the epicentral region, although this may primarily be because the units are similar in age (Paleozoic) and may have similar bulk seismic properties. We compare resonant frequencies calculated from ambient noise horizontal:vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) at available sites to predicted site frequencies (generally between 1.9 and 7.6 Hz) derived from the median bedrock depth and average Vs to bedrock. Robust linear regression of HVSR to both site frequency and Vs30 demonstrate moderate correlation to each, and thus both appear to be generally representative of site response in this region. Based on Kendall tau rank correlation testing, we find that Vs30 and the site frequency calculated from average Vs to median interpreted bedrock depth can both be considered reliable predictors of weak-motion site effects in the epicentral region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2509(03)","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J., McNamara, D.E., Williams, R., and Angster, S.J., 2014, Ground-motion site effects from multimethod shear-wave velocity characterization at 16 seismograph stations deployed for aftershocks of the August 2011 Mineral, Virginia earthquake: GSA Special Papers, v. 509, p. 47-65, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2509(03).","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"65","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055883","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297529,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -76.552734375,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 39.62261494094297\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 36.63316209558658\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"509","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bb6e4b08de9379b3499","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, Jackson K. 0000-0003-4697-2430 odum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-2430","contributorId":1365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jackson K.","email":"odum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Angster, Stephen J","contributorId":116743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angster","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193617,"text":"70193617 - 2014 - Fine-grained linings of leveed channels facilitate runout of granular flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T13:35:01","indexId":"70193617","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fine-grained linings of leveed channels facilitate runout of granular flows","docAbstract":"Catastrophic dense granular flows, such as occur in rock avalanches, debris flows and pyroclastic flows, move as fully shearing mixtures that have approximately 60 vol.% solids and tend to segregate to form coarse-grained fronts and leveed channels. Levees restrict spreading of unconfined flows and form as coarse particles that become concentrated in the top of the flow are transported to the front and then advect to the sides in the flow head. Channels from which most material has drained away down slope are commonly lined with fine-grained deposit, widely thought to remain from the tail of the waning flow. We show how segregation in experimental dense flows of carborundum or sand (300–425 μm) mixed with spherical fine ballotini (150–250 μm), on rough slopes of 27–29°, produces fine-grained channel linings that are deposited with the levees, into which they grade laterally. Maximum runout distance is attained with mixtures containing 30–40% sand, just sufficient to segregate and form levees that are adequately robust to restrict the spreading attributable to the low-friction fines. Resin impregnation and serial sectioning of deliberately arrested experimental flows shows how fines-lined levees form from the flow head; the flows create their own stable ‘conduit’ entirely from the front, which in a geophysical context can play an important mechanistic role in facilitating runout. The flow self-organization ensures that low-friction fines at the base of the segregated channel flow shear over fine-grained substrate in the channel, thus reducing frictional energy losses. We propose that in pyroclastic flows and debris flows, which have considerable mobility attributable to pore-fluid pressures, such fine-grained flow-contact zones form similarly and not only reduce frictional energy losses but also reduce flow–substrate permeability so as to enhance pore-fluid pressure retention. Thus the granular flow self-organization that produces fine-grained channel linings can be an important factor in facilitating long runout of catastrophic geophysical flows on the low slopes (few degrees) of depositional fans and aprons around mountains and volcanoes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.043","usgsCitation":"Kokelaar, B., Graham, R.L., Gray, J., and Vallance, J.W., 2014, Fine-grained linings of leveed channels facilitate runout of granular flows: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 385, p. 172-180, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.043.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"172","endPage":"180","ipdsId":"IP-046309","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473299,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.043","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348093,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"385","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eace4b0531197b27fb8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokelaar, B.P.","contributorId":28131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokelaar","given":"B.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, R. L.","contributorId":199693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Graham","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gray, J.M.N.T.","contributorId":67374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.M.N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vallance, James W. 0000-0002-3083-5469 jvallance@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5469","contributorId":547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"James","email":"jvallance@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70074726,"text":"70074726 - 2014 - The Devonian Marcellus Shale and Millboro Shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T13:20:59","indexId":"70074726","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Devonian Marcellus Shale and Millboro Shale","docAbstract":"The recent development of unconventional oil and natural gas resources in the United States builds upon many decades of research, which included resource assessment and the development of well completion and extraction technology. The Eastern Gas Shales Project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy in the 1980s, investigated the gas potential of organic-rich, Devonian black shales in the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois basins. One of these eastern shales is the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale, which has been extensively developed for natural gas and natural gas liquids since 2007. The Marcellus is one of the basal units in a thick Devonian shale sedimentary sequence in the Appalachian basin. The Marcellus rests on the Onondaga Limestone throughout most of the basin, or on the time-equivalent Needmore Shale in the southeastern parts of the basin. Another basal unit, the Huntersville Chert, underlies the Marcellus in the southern part of the basin. The Devonian section is compressed to the south, and the Marcellus Shale, along with several overlying units, grades into the age-equivalent Millboro Shale in Virginia. The Marcellus-Millboro interval is far from a uniform slab of black rock. This field trip will examine a number of natural and engineered exposures in the vicinity of the West Virginia–Virginia state line, where participants will have the opportunity to view a variety of sedimentary facies within the shale itself, sedimentary structures, tectonic structures, fossils, overlying and underlying formations, volcaniclastic ash beds, and to view a basaltic intrusion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2014.0035(05)","usgsCitation":"Soeder, D.J., Enomoto, C.B., and Chermak, J., 2014, The Devonian Marcellus Shale and Millboro Shale: GSA Field Guides, v. 35, p. 129-160, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.0035(05).","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053226","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.76,24.93 ], [ -91.76,48.52 ], [ -65.39,48.52 ], [ -65.39,24.93 ], [ -91.76,24.93 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7862e4b0abf75cf2d392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soeder, Daniel J.","contributorId":70040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soeder","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chermak, John A.","contributorId":99899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chermak","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}