Wetland habitats in the United States currently are lost at a rate of 260,000 acres/year (105,218 ha/year). Consequently, water birds concentrate in fewer and smaller areas. Such concentrations may deplete food supplies and influence behavior, physiology, and survival. Continued losses increase the importance of sound management of the remaining wetlands because water birds depend on them.
\nHuman activities modified the natural hydrology of most remaining wetlands in the conterminous United States, and such hydrologic alterations frequently reduce wetland productivity. The restoration of original wetland functions and productivity often requires the development of water distribution and discharge systems to emulate natural hydrologic regimes. Construction of levees and correct placement of control structures and water-delivery and water-discharge systems are necessary to (1) create soil and water conditions for the germination of desirable plants, (2) control nuisance vegetation, (3) promote the production of invertebrates, and (4) make foods available for wildlife that depends of wetlands (Leaflets 13.2.1 and 13.4.6). This paper provides basic guidelines for the design of wetlands that benefit wildlife. If biological considerations are not incorporated into such designs, the capability of managing wetlands for water birds is reduced and costs often are greater.
\nAlthough we address the development of palustrine wetlands in migration and wintering areas, many of the discussed principles are applicable to the development of other wetland types and in other locations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl management handbook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Kelley, J., Laubhan, M.K., Reid, F.A., Wortham, J.S., and Fredrickson, L.H., 1993, Options for water-level control in developed wetlands, chap. of Waterfowl management handbook, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500b2e4b0a4f4b46a23b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kelley, J. R. Jr.","contributorId":96202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelley","given":"J. R.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laubhan, M. K.","contributorId":58583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laubhan","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reid, F. A.","contributorId":93413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wortham, J. S.","contributorId":73132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wortham","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fredrickson, L. H.","contributorId":68668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fredrickson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70128320,"text":"70128320 - 1993 - Population models for elk, mule deer, and moose on Yellowstone's northern range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T13:21:36","indexId":"70128320","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T13:20:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Scientific Monograph NPS/NRYELL/NRSM-93/22","title":"Population models for elk, mule deer, and moose on Yellowstone's northern range","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Ecological issues on reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone National Park","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Mack, J.A., and Singer, F.J., 1993, Population models for elk, mule deer, and moose on Yellowstone's northern range, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500b4e4b0a4f4b46a23b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mack, J. A.","contributorId":42537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, Francis J.","contributorId":67026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128750,"text":"70128750 - 1993 - Cogestion and recreation site demand: a model of demand-induced quality effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-08T12:16:15","indexId":"70128750","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T12:53:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cogestion and recreation site demand: a model of demand-induced quality effects","docAbstract":"This analysis focuses on problems of estimating site-specific dollar benefits conferred by outdoor recreation sites in the face of congestion costs. Encounters, crowding effects and congestion costs have often been treated by natural resource economists in a piecemeal fashion. In the current paper, encounters and crowding effects are treated systematically. We emphasize the quantitative impact of congestion costs on site-specific estimates of benefits conferred by improvements in outdoor recreation sites. The principal analytic conclusion is that techniques that streamline on data requirements produce biased estimates of benefits conferred by site improvements at facilities with significant crowding effects. The principal policy recommendation is that the Federal and state agencies should collect and store information on visitation rates, encounter levels and congestion costs at various outdoor recreation sites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0301-4797(05)80134-3","usgsCitation":"Douglas, A.J., and Johnson, R.L., 1993, Cogestion and recreation site demand: a model of demand-induced quality effects: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 36, p. 201-203, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-4797(05)80134-3.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"203","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295295,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b22e4b0fd76af69cefd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, Aaron J.","contributorId":46879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":169575,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70127901,"text":"70127901 - 1993 - Instream flows according to the ASCE model water code","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-02T12:37:13","indexId":"70127901","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T12:36:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Instream flows according to the ASCE model water code","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Water Planning and Management Division","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the Water Planning and Management Division","conferenceLocation":"Seattle, WA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Sherk, G.W., and Lamb, B.L., 1993, Instream flows according to the ASCE model water code, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e6966e4b092f17df5a8d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherk, G. W.","contributorId":73519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherk","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lamb, Berton L.","contributorId":6775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Berton","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70135877,"text":"70135877 - 1993 - Monitoring beach changes using GPS surveying techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-18T11:42:53","indexId":"70135877","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring beach changes using GPS surveying techniques","docAbstract":"A need exists for frequent and prompt updating of shoreline positions, rates of shoreline movement, and volumetric nearshore changes. To effectively monitor and predict these beach changes, accurate measurements of beach morphology incorporating both shore-parallel and shore-normal transects are required. Although it is possible to monitor beach dynamics using land-based surveying methods, it is generally not practical to collect data of sufficient density and resolution to satisfy a three-dimensional beach-change model of long segments of the coast. The challenge to coastal scientists is to devise new beach monitoring methods that address these needs and are rapid, reliable, relatively inexpensive, and maintain or improve measurement accuracy.
\nThe adaptation of Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying techniques to beach monitoring activities is a promising response to this challenge. An experiment that employed both GPS and conventional beach surveying was conducted, and a new beach monitoring method employing kinematic GPS surveys was devised. This new method involves the collection of precise shore-parallel and shore-normal GPS positions from a moving vehicle so that an accurate two-dimensional beach surface can be generated. Results show that the GPS measurements agree with conventional shore-normal surveys at the 1 cm level, and repeated GPS measurements employing the moving vehicle demonstrate a precision of better than 1 cm. In addition, the nearly continuous sampling and increased resolution provided by the GPS surveying technique reveals alongshore changes in beach morphology that are undetected by conventional shore-normal profiles. The application of GPS surveying techniques combined with the refinement of appropriate methods for data collection and analysis provides a better understanding of beach changes, sediment transport, and storm impacts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation","publisherLocation":"Ft. Lauderdale, FL","usgsCitation":"Morton, R., Leach, M.P., Paine, J.G., and Cardoza, M.A., 1993, Monitoring beach changes using GPS surveying techniques: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 9, no. 3, p. 702-720.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"702","endPage":"720","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":296794,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":296793,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/4298124"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c04e4b08de9379b35e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, Robert","contributorId":85108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, Mark P.","contributorId":131025,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leach","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paine, Jeffrey G.","contributorId":107071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paine","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cardoza, Michael A.","contributorId":131027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cardoza","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":536964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70128727,"text":"70128727 - 1993 - Fish habitat evaluation models in environmental assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T11:26:50","indexId":"70128727","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T11:25:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fish habitat evaluation models in environmental assessments","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Analysis: The NEPA Experience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lewis Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Stalnaker, C.B., 1993, Fish habitat evaluation models in environmental assessments, chap. of Environmental Analysis: The NEPA Experience, p. 141-142.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295272,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b24e4b0fd76af69cf06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stalnaker, Clair B.","contributorId":12797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stalnaker","given":"Clair","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70135872,"text":"70135872 - 1993 - A multi-sensor oceanographic measurement system for coastal environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:39:55","indexId":"70135872","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3363,"text":"Sea Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A multi-sensor oceanographic measurement system for coastal environments","docAbstract":"An instrument system has been developed for long-term sediment transport studies that uses a modular design to combine off the shelf components into a complete and flexible package. A common data storage format is used in each instrument system so that the same hardware can be assembled in different ways to address specific scientific studies with minimal engineering support and modification. Three systems have been constructed and successfully deployed to date in two different coastal environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607662","usgsCitation":"Martini, M.A., and Strahle, W.J., 1993, A multi-sensor oceanographic measurement system for coastal environments: Sea Technology, v. 34, no. 9, p. 666-671, https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607662.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"666","endPage":"671","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296787,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b1de4b08de9379b3251","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":536953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strahle, William J.","contributorId":55962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strahle","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":536954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198719,"text":"70198719 - 1993 - Aspects of the biogeochemistry of methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T16:13:21.557484","indexId":"70198719","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:51:40","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Aspects of the biogeochemistry of methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California","docAbstract":"Above-ambient levels of methane and higher hydrocarbons were detected in the atmosphere of the Mono Basin. These gases emanated from several different sources, including natural gas seeps (thermogenic and biogenic), and methanogenic activity in sediments. Seeps were distributed over nearly 33% of the lake bottom and were also present in the exposed former lakebed. They originated from one or more natural gas deposits that underlie the basin. Seeps associated with hot springs had a thermogenic character, whereas the others had the characteristics of bacterially formed gases. The radiocarbon content of methane in all seep gases was low (5-11% modern carbon), indicating an age of greater than about 20,000 years.
Dissolved methane increased with depth in the sediments, ultimately reaching saturation levels (1-3 mM). The outward diffusive flux of methane into the anoxic bottom waters elevated concentrations to 60 µM during the 1984-1988 meromictic interval. The radiocarbon content of hypolimnion methane was equivalent to that of the dissolved inorganic carbon (~80% modern carbon), indicating derivation from current methanogenic activity. Oxidation by anaerobic bacteria was the major sink for this methane. Methane that escaped oxidation transited to the epilimnion where it attained supersaturation (0.1-3.0 µM) relative to the atmosphere. Measured outward fluxes over a 2-year period were highly variable, ranging from 0.01 to 4.82 mmoles CH4 m-2 d-1.
Bacterial activity was detected in the sediments of the hypolimnion High rates of sulfate reduction (~200 µmoles L-1 d-1) were measured in the upper 5-cm interval but decreased > 10-fold with depth. The highest rate of methanogenic activity was ~1 µmole L-1 d-1, as measured by reduction of 14CO2. Bacteria metabolized dimethylsulfide, trimethylamine, acetate, and glucose to primarily CO2 and some CH4. Turnovers of glucose (k = 0.16 d-1) and trimethylamine (k = 0.09 d-1) were highest in the upper 2.5-cm interval and decreased as much as 10-fold with depth. These results confirm that a low rate of methanogenic activity occurs in this extreme environment and is the source of methane to the hypolimnion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biogeochemistry of global change","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4615-2812-8_39","usgsCitation":"Oremland, R.S., Miller, L., Colbertson, C., Robinson, S., Smith, R.L., Lovley, D.R., Whiticar, M.J., King, G., Kiene, R.P., Iversen, N., and Sargent, M., 1993, Aspects of the biogeochemistry of methane in Mono Lake and the Mono Basin of California, chap. of Biogeochemistry of global change, p. 704-741, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2812-8_39.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"704","endPage":"741","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.148,37.940 ], [ -119.148,38.075 ], [ -118.909,38.075 ], [ -118.909,37.940 ], [ -119.148,37.940 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a55e4b034bf6a819771","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Oremland, R.","contributorId":26831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742708,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Laurence G. 0000-0002-7807-3475 lgmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-3475","contributorId":2460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Laurence G.","email":"lgmiller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Colbertson, Charles","contributorId":207081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Colbertson","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Robinson, S.W.","contributorId":30985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Richard L. 0000-0002-3829-0125 rlsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3829-0125","contributorId":1592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rlsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - 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1993 - Ground-water models: Validate or invalidate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:57:33","indexId":"70047000","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:31:47","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water models: Validate or invalidate","docAbstract":"The word validation has a clear meaning to both the scientific community and the general public. Within the scientific community the validation of scientific theory has been the subject of philosophical debate. The philosopher of science, Karl Popper, argued that scientific theory cannot be validated, only invalidated. Popper’s view is not the only opinion in this debate; however, many scientists today agree with Popper (including the authors). To the general public, proclaiming that a ground-water model is validated carries with it an aura of correctness that we do not believe many of us who model would claim. We can place all the caveats we wish, but the public has its own understanding of what the word implies. Using the word valid with respect to models misleads the public; verification carries with it similar connotations as far as the public is concerned. Our point is this: using the terms validation and verification are misleading, at best. These terms should be abandoned by the ground-water community.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01808.x","usgsCitation":"Bredehoeft, J., and Konikow, L.F., 1993, Ground-water models: Validate or invalidate: Ground Water, v. 31, no. 2, p. 178-179, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01808.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"179","costCenters":[{"id":624,"text":"Water Resources","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1993.tb01808.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":274920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51e12567e4b02f5cae2b738b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":480834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243550,"text":"70243550 - 1993 - A speculative history of the San Andreas fault in the central Transverse Ranges, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-11T15:50:25.757131","indexId":"70243550","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:30:51","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"3","title":"A speculative history of the San Andreas fault in the central Transverse Ranges, California","docAbstract":"It is generally accepted that the San Andreas fault formed between 4 and 5 Ma and that rocks west of it are now part of the Pacific plate, moving northwest relative to North America at 5 to 6 cm/yr. This model is inconsistent with the geologic record in the central Transverse Ranges.
Right-lateral shear began in the vicinity of the San Andreas fault system in early Miocene time. The San Andreas fault system in the central Transverse Ranges has since evolved through three major phases; this development has led to a generally simpler, more throughgoing main trace. Slip rates on the San Andreas system were about 1 cm/yr in the Miocene, increasing to their current level of 3.5 cm/yr between 4 and 5 Ma. The modern San Andreas fault still only accounts for just over half the current relative plate rate and retains kinematic complexities inherited from its earliest geometry.
The Early San Andreas transform system originated during early Miocene time in one of three transtensive zones that lay interior to the continent and east of the locus of transform motion between the Pacific and North American plates. The current three-fold division of motion in the plate boundary between the San Andreas fault, a coastal system, and an eastern California system dates to this time, as does the “anomalous” trend of the San Andreas fault through the Transverse Ranges. Basins and volcanic centers associated with this transtensive zone became dismembered as faults became integrated into a throughgoing system. Early motion led to juxtaposition of different rocks across faults now recognized as part of the Early San Andreas transform system, and to the development of sedimentary provincialism associated with uplift along the fault zone. Middle Miocene basins, including the Caliente, Cajon, Crowder, and Santa Ana basins that had previously received most of their sediments from sources far to the east, began to reflect local Transverse Ranges provenance. At least 100 km of slip is associated with the Early San Andreas transform system during early and middle Miocene time.
Slip across the geometrically complex late Miocene San Gabriel transform system—which includes the San Gabriel, Cajon Valley, and early Punchbowl faults—produced uplift in the proto-Transverse Ranges at a postulated restraining bend in the fault system. Compressional structures associated with this restraining bend include the Squaw Peak and Liebre Mountain thrusts, related east-striking late Miocene reverse faults and folds, and, perhaps, northeast-striking left-lateral faults in the San Gabriel Mountains. Narrow fault-controlled basins formed during this period, including the Ridge basin, Devil’s Punchbowl basin, Mill Creek basin, and part of the Santa Ana Sandstone basin. Offset of structures and relief associated with the proto-Transverse Ranges provides the best evidence for late Miocene restorations of the modern San Andreas fault. As much as 60 km of offset is associated with the late Miocene San Gabriel transform system.
Between 4 and 5 Ma, the modern San Andreas fault became the dominant member of the plate boundary system, cutting through the proto-Transverse Ranges and connecting more northerly striking traces to the north and south. The slip rate across the San Andreas fault system accelerated from 1 cm/yr to its current slip rate of 3.5 cm/yr prior to 4 Ma. The Pliocene rocks in the central Transverse Ranges do not contain evidence for relief as great as that of late Miocene or Quaternary time. The Pliocene trace of the modern San Andreas fault may have temporarily “solved” the geometric problem that led to late Miocene uplift. About 90 km of right-lateral displacement occurred on the modern San Andreas fault during Pliocene time.
During Quaternary time new regions of localized vertical deformation developed in the Transverse Ranges, apparently as the result of new geometric problems within the Pliocene solution to the restraining geometry of the fault system. Left-lateral motion on east-striking faults, probably due to a northward increase in Basin and Range extension, kinked the San Andreas fault at both ends of the Transverse Ranges, producing regions of extreme shortening and uplift. The development of young right-lateral faults through the Peninsular Ranges, including the San Jacinto and Elsinore faults, also contributed to renewed uplift in the Transverse Ranges. Sixty kilometers of right-lateral slip occurred across the San Andreas fault zone during Quaternary time.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The San Andreas Fault system: Displacement, palinspastic reconstruction, and geologic evolution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM178-p161","usgsCitation":"Weldon, R., Meisling, K.E., and Alexander, J., 1993, A speculative history of the San Andreas fault in the central Transverse Ranges, California, chap. 3 of The San Andreas Fault system: Displacement, palinspastic reconstruction, and geologic evolution, v. 178, p. 161-198, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM178-p161.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"198","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault, Transverse Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.32670360722449,\n 34.53945838957824\n ],\n [\n -118.32670360722449,\n 33.57782718236726\n ],\n [\n -116.18553180969667,\n 33.57782718236726\n ],\n [\n -116.18553180969667,\n 34.53945838957824\n ],\n [\n -118.32670360722449,\n 34.53945838957824\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"178","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Powell, Robert E. 0000-0001-7682-1655 rpowell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-1655","contributorId":4210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"Robert","email":"rpowell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872314,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matti, Jonathan C. 0000-0001-5961-9869 jmatti@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-9869","contributorId":167192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matti","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmatti@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":872315,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Weldon, R.J. II","contributorId":37088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weldon","given":"R.J.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meisling, K. E.","contributorId":305319,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meisling","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alexander, J.","contributorId":305320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alexander","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":872313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70198713,"text":"70198713 - 1993 - Geochemical models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-15T10:16:35","indexId":"70198713","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T10:14:37","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"9","title":"Geochemical models","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional ground-water quality ","language":"English","publisher":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., and Plummer, L., 1993, Geochemical models, chap. 9 of Regional ground-water quality , p. 199-225.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"199","endPage":"225","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a55e4b034bf6a819773","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":742677,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":742675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, L.N.","contributorId":206803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plummer","given":"L.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":742676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006476,"text":"70006476 - 1993 - Forecasting contributions of lake whitefish year-classes to a Lake Superior commercial fishery from estimates of yearling abundance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T08:55:53","indexId":"70006476","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T09:36:46","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting contributions of lake whitefish year-classes to a Lake Superior commercial fishery from estimates of yearling abundance","docAbstract":"We developed a simple linear regression model to forecast year-class contributions of lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis to the commercial harvest in the Apostle Islands region of Lake Superior. We indexed year-class strength from catches of yearling fish in bottom trawl samples. Recruitment of each year-class was measured by its relative abundance in the fishery at age 6. The relation between recruitment to the commercial fishery and year-class strength indices was positive and significant (r 2 = 0.67, P < 0.01). The model produced reliable estimates of recruitment to the fishery within the range of the regression. Projected recruitment of the 1983–1987 year-classes to the fishery in 1989-1993 should be sufficient to sustain current levels of harvest through 1993.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0349:FCOLWY>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Curtis, G.L., Bronte, C.R., and Selgeby, J.H., 1993, Forecasting contributions of lake whitefish year-classes to a Lake Superior commercial fishery from estimates of yearling abundance: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 13, no. 2, p. 349-352, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0349:FCOLWY>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"349","endPage":"352","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.1122,46.41 ], [ -92.1122,49.0195 ], [ -84.3544,49.0195 ], [ -84.3544,46.41 ], [ -92.1122,46.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286ece4b07b8813a554a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curtis, Gary L.","contributorId":16356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curtis","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bronte, Charles R.","contributorId":83050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bronte","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Selgeby, James H.","contributorId":89828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selgeby","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70128509,"text":"70128509 - 1993 - Using Pop-II models to predict effects of wolf predation and hunter harvests on elk, mule deer, and moose on the northern range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T09:23:34","indexId":"70128509","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T09:16:40","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Scientific Monograph NPS/NRYELL/NRSM-93/22","title":"Using Pop-II models to predict effects of wolf predation and hunter harvests on elk, mule deer, and moose on the northern range","docAbstract":"The effects of establishing a gray wolf (Canis lupus) population in Yellowstone National Park were predicted for three ungulate species—elk (Cervus elaphus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and moose (Alces alces)—using previously developed POP-II population models. We developed models for 78 and 100 wolves. For each wolf population, we ran scenarios using wolf predation rates of 9, 12, and 15 ungulates/wolf/year. With 78 wolves and the antlerless elk harvest reduced 27%, our modeled elk population estimated were 5-18% smaller than the model estimate without wolves. With 100 wolves and the antlerless elk harvest reduced 27%, our elk population estimated were 11-30% smaller than the population estimates without wolves. Wolf predation effects were greater on the modeled mule deer population than on elk. With 78 wolves and no antlerless deer harvest, we predicted the mule deer population could be 13-44% larger than without wolves. With 100 wolves and no antlerless deer harvest, the mule deer population was 0-36% larger than without wolves. After wolf recovery, our POP-II models suggested moose harvests would have to be reduced at least 50% to maintain moose numbers at the levels predicted when wolves were not present. Mule deer and moose population data are limited, and these wolf predation effects may be overestimated if population sizes or male-female ratios were underestimated in our population models. We recommend additional mule deer and moose population data be obtained.","largerWorkTitle":"Ecological issues on reintroducing wolves into Yellowstone National Park","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Mack, J., and Singer, F.J., 1993, Using Pop-II models to predict effects of wolf predation and hunter harvests on elk, mule deer, and moose on the northern range, 26 p.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295110,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3dfe4b08a816ca636ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mack, John A.","contributorId":102818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, Francis J.","contributorId":67026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Francis","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70128507,"text":"70128507 - 1993 - Guidelines for the development of community level habitat evaluation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-09T09:11:03","indexId":"70128507","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T09:10:04","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 8","title":"Guidelines for the development of community level habitat evaluation models","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.L., and Haire, S., 1993, Guidelines for the development of community level habitat evaluation models, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5437a3b9e4b08a816ca63654","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Rick L.","contributorId":64583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Rick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haire, Sandra L.","contributorId":14318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haire","given":"Sandra L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199901,"text":"70199901 - 1993 - Physical transport influencing biogeochemistry within the stream catchment continuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:43:50","indexId":"70199901","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T08:42:03","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Physical transport influencing biogeochemistry within the stream catchment continuum","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modelling change in environmental systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Duff, J.H., Harvey, J.W., Jackman, A., and Triska, F., 1993, Physical transport influencing biogeochemistry within the stream catchment continuum, chap. of Modelling change in environmental systems.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a68e4b034bf6a81988a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747215,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, M.","contributorId":88544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747216,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAleer, J.J.","contributorId":208430,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McAleer","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747217,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":747210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackman, A.P.","contributorId":208429,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199899,"text":"70199899 - 1993 - Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-03T08:27:26","indexId":"70199899","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T08:23:43","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling change in environmental systems","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Bencala, K.E., Duff, J.H., Harvey, J.W., Jackman, A.P., and Triska, F., 1993, Modelling within the stream-catchment continuum, chap. of Modeling change in environmental systems, p. 163-187.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"163","endPage":"187","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358055,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a69e4b034bf6a819892","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Jakeman, A.J.","contributorId":12639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jakeman","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747199,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beck, M.","contributorId":88544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747200,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAleer, Ryan J. 0000-0003-3801-7441 rmcaleer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7441","contributorId":5301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAleer","given":"Ryan J.","email":"rmcaleer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":747201,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":747194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duff, John H. jhduff@usgs.gov","contributorId":961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"John","email":"jhduff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackman, A. P.","contributorId":46957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackman","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Triska, F.J.","contributorId":69560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Triska","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":2000078,"text":"2000078 - 1993 - Increasing waterfowl nesting success on islands and peninsulas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T13:04:41","indexId":"2000078","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":24,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Leaflet","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"13.2.11","title":"Increasing waterfowl nesting success on islands and peninsulas","docAbstract":"Waterfowl that nest in uplands in the prairie pothole region have had low recruitment rates in recent decades, primarily because of predation. The loss of breeding waterfowl and their progeny has generated interest in management techniques that safeguard incubating hens and their eggs. Developing islands and peninsulas for nesting waterfowl has potential because these sites are naturally attractive to breeding ducks and geese. In fact, dense nesting colonies of ducks developed on some islands when successful females and a portion of their female progeny returned in subsequent years.
Managers have successfully duplicated the beneficial attributes of islands by developing various nesting habitats that are protected by water barriers. This chapter addresses the management of existing islands, the creation of new islands, and the modification of peninsulas into islands to increase nesting success in waterfowl.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Waterfowl Management Handbook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Lokemoen, J.T., 1993, Increasing waterfowl nesting success on islands and peninsulas: Fish and Wildlife Leaflet 13.2.11, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198703,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":92129,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://archive.usgs.gov/archive/sites/www.nwrc.usgs.gov/wdb/pub/wmh/13_2_11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f53a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lokemoen, J. T.","contributorId":79049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lokemoen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2002258,"text":"2002258 - 1993 - Management model for predicting fall lamb:ewe ratios in desert bighorn sheep, Canyonlands National Park, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:00","indexId":"2002258","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T01:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NRNAU/NRTP-93/10","title":"Management model for predicting fall lamb:ewe ratios in desert bighorn sheep, Canyonlands National Park, Utah","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the First Biennial Conference on Research in Colorado Plateau National Parks, Trans.and Proc.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Douglas, C.L., 1993, Management model for predicting fall lamb:ewe ratios in desert bighorn sheep, Canyonlands National Park, Utah: Technical Report NPS/NRNAU/NRTP-93/10, p. 64-82.","productDescription":"p. 64-82","startPage":"64","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a26a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Douglas, C. L.","contributorId":64586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014688,"text":"1014688 - 1993 - Morphometric differentiation of American shad and white sucker eggs from riverine samples","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T23:45:44.892039","indexId":"1014688","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphometric differentiation of American shad and white sucker eggs from riverine samples","docAbstract":"We developed a statistical method to distinguish the large demersal eggs of American shad from those of white sucker in riverine samples using egg morphometric analysis. Eggs were first screened by total diameter in deionized water according to ranges reported in the published literature. Differences in relative yolk diameter between the two species were then determined statistically from known museum sources. Only those eggs with relative yolk diameters greater than two standard deviations below the mean for white sucker eggs were considered to be American shad eggs. The criteria for American shad eggs were total diameter ≥2.3 nm and relative yolk diameter ≤66%. A partial test of the model showed predicted identity to agree with observed identity for 74 out of 75 shad eggs.
The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and metabolism of the drug nitrofurantoin were examined in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after intravascular or oral dosing. Mean plasma concentrations of nitrofurantoin after intravascular administration at 1 and 10 mg kg−1 of body weight were best fit to two- and three-compartment pharmacokinetic models, respectively. Nitrofurantoin was rapidly eliminated from the plasma after intravascular dosing; at 1 and 10 mg kg−1, the terminal half-lives were 23 and 46 min, respectively. After oral dosing at 1 mg kg−1, peak plasma concentrations (0.06 μg ml−1) occurred at 2 h; the bioavailability was 17%. Residues of nitrofurantoin and its metabolites in the tissues were initially eliminated rapidly but persisted at the later sampling times. Residue concentrations were highest in the plasma and excretory tissues. Approximately 21% and 4% of the oral dose were eliminated in the urine and bile, respectively. Parent nitrofurantoin was the major radiolabelled compound found in the urine; however, the percentage of total residues composed of metabolites increased with time. Biliary residues consisted mostly of nitrofurantoin metabolites. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of at least five metabolites in the urine and bile.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(93)90335-V","usgsCitation":"Stehly, G.R., and Plakas, S.M., 1993, Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and metabolism of nitrofurantoin in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Aquaculture, v. 113, no. 1-2, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90335-V.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69bb01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehly, Guy R.","contributorId":11553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plakas, S. M.","contributorId":57569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plakas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001163,"text":"1001163 - 1993 - Incidental catch of marine birds in the north pacific high seas driftnet fisheries in 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:59:54","indexId":"1001163","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2086,"text":"International North Pacific Fisheries Commission Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incidental catch of marine birds in the north pacific high seas driftnet fisheries in 1990","docAbstract":"The incidental take of marine birds was estimated for the following North Pacific driftnet fisheries in 1990: Japanese squid, Japanese large-mesh, Korean squid, and Taiwanese squid and large-mesh combined. The take was estimated by assuming that the data represented a random sample from an unstratified population of all driftnet fisheries in the North Pacific. Estimates for 13 species or species groups are presented, along with some discussion of inadequacies of the design. About 416,000 marine birds were estimated to be taken incidentally during the 1990 season; 80% of these were in the Japanese squid fishery. Sooty Shearwaters, Short-tailed Shearwaters, and Laysan Albatrosses were the most common species in the bycatch.Regression models were also developed to explore the relations between bycatch rate of three groups--Black-footed Albatross, Laysan Albatross, and 'dark' shearwaters--and various explanatory variables, such as latitude, longitude, month, vessel, sea surface temperature, and net soak time (length of time nets were in the water). This was done for only the Japanese squid fishery, for which the most complete information was available. For modelling purposes, fishing operations for each vessel were grouped into 5-degree blocks of latitude and longitude.Results of model building indicated that vessel had a significant influence on bycatch rates of all three groups. This finding emphasizes the importance of the sample of vessels being representative of the entire fleet. In addition, bycatch rates of all three groups varied spatially and temporally. Bycatch rates for Laysan Albatrosses tended to decline during the fishing season, whereas those for Black-footed Albatrosses and dark shearwaters tended to increase as the season progressed. Bycatch rates were positively related to net soak time for Laysan Albatrosses and dark shearwaters. Bycatch rates of dark shearwaters were lower for higher sea surface temperatures.","language":"English","publisher":"International North Pacific Fisheries Commission","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., Shaffer, T., and Gould, P., 1993, Incidental catch of marine birds in the north pacific high seas driftnet fisheries in 1990: International North Pacific Fisheries Commission Bulletin, v. 53, p. 473-483.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"473","endPage":"483","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133624,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691fc8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shaffer, T.L.","contributorId":98245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaffer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gould, P.J.","contributorId":6416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008472,"text":"1008472 - 1993 - Prerelease stratification in tag-recovery models with time dependence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T13:34:22","indexId":"1008472","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prerelease stratification in tag-recovery models with time dependence","docAbstract":"A statistical model is developed for estimating time-dependent survival and recovery rates of tagged populations that are stratified into groups at release. For populations of fish, the groups might include different sexes or stocks, or they might be distinguished by the location or method of capture. In the model developed here, survival and recovery rates are formulated as linear combinations of parameters that include the effects of time, group, and time–group interactions. Methods of testing the statistical significance of these potential sources of variation are described and illustrated with the recoveries of different stocks of anadromous striped bass (Morone saxatilis). For the striped bass data, elimination of time- and stock-specific sources of variation substantially improved the precision of survival estimates without introducing important bias. During 1988–89 the average survival of both stocks was 0.78 (SE = 0.04). Calculations of statistical power indicate that stock-specific differences in survival of ± 0.2 could have been detected about 50% of the time, given the low rates of recovery and numbers of fish released.
\n","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f93-062","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R., 1993, Prerelease stratification in tag-recovery models with time dependence: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 50, no. 3, p. 535-541, https://doi.org/10.1139/f93-062.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"541","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":133019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6692db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, R.M. 0000-0003-2663-0468","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":23475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":87165,"text":"87165 - 1993 - Annual and Spatial Variation of the Kelp Forest Fish Assemblage at San Nicolas Island, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-21T13:27:10","indexId":"87165","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Annual and Spatial Variation of the Kelp Forest Fish Assemblage at San Nicolas Island, California","docAbstract":"
The kelp forest fishes of San Nicolas Island, California were studied from 1981-1986 to examine the causes of among-site and among-year variation in the fish assemblages. Fish counts and seven physical and biological variables were recorded at six sites around the island every spring and fall. Over the study period, a total of 45 fish species from 18 families were recorded, though members of nive families dominated at all sites. Among-site variation was considereable with two sites on the south side of the island having two to four times as many non-schooling fishes as the other four sites. Three variables, based on stepwise multiple regression techniques, were important predictors of site-specific fish abundance: 1) vertical relief; 2) sand cover and 3) understory algal cover. The total number of fishes varied interannually by a factor of three. Due to recruitment occuring each spring, there was a strong seasonal component to the variation in fish abundance. The extent of seasonal and interannual variaton of fish abundance is an indication of the variable nature of recruitment to this area. Over the 6 yr period, there were three distinct groupings of fish assemblages correspondong to pre- (Fall 1981 - Fall 1982), during spring (Spring 1983 - Spring 1984) and post El Nino (Fall 1984 - Fall 1986) sampling dates. During El Nino sampling period, there was considerable recruitment of southern affinity fish species, increasing both the abundance and diversity of the fish assemblages. Large-scale oceanographic processes, coupled with site-specific features of the reef habitat, produce a moderately diverse, though relatively abundant fish fauna at San Nicolas Island.
","largerWorkTitle":"Third California Islands Symposium","conferenceTitle":"Third California Islands Symposium","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Cowen, R., and Bodkin, J.L., 1993, Annual and Spatial Variation of the Kelp Forest Fish Assemblage at San Nicolas Island, California, in Third California Islands Symposium, p. 463-473.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"463","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Nicolas Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.57794189453125,\n 33.284619968887704\n ],\n [\n -119.56146240234375,\n 33.274861346151496\n ],\n [\n -119.54566955566406,\n 33.28519397154413\n ],\n [\n -119.53056335449219,\n 33.28691595686207\n ],\n [\n -119.4934844970703,\n 33.271990955382115\n ],\n [\n -119.46876525878906,\n 33.267398133880754\n ],\n [\n -119.43031311035155,\n 33.246153192679756\n ],\n [\n -119.42619323730469,\n 33.22605187269161\n ],\n [\n -119.44473266601561,\n 33.211116472416855\n ],\n [\n -119.48043823242189,\n 33.205945932210035\n ],\n [\n -119.52438354492186,\n 33.2139888627714\n ],\n [\n -119.54841613769531,\n 33.22432868739248\n ],\n [\n -119.57382202148439,\n 33.24213329838942\n ],\n [\n -119.58137512207031,\n 33.26280507083056\n ],\n [\n -119.57794189453125,\n 33.284619968887704\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67bc24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cowen, R.J.","contributorId":71119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowen","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":297462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":297461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1008485,"text":"1008485 - 1993 - Conservation status of freshwater mussels of the United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-12T14:32:03","indexId":"1008485","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation status of freshwater mussels of the United States and Canada","docAbstract":"The American Fisheries Society (AFS) herein provides a list of all native freshwater mussels (families Margaritiferidae and Unionidae) in the United States and Canada. This report also provides state and provincial distributions; a comprehensive review of the conservation status of all taxa; and references on biology, conservation, and distribution of freshwater mussels. The list includes 297 native freshwater mussels, of which 213 taxa (71.7%) are considered endangered, threatened, or of special concern. Twenty-one taxa (7.1%) are listed as endangered but possibly extinct, 77 (20.6%) as endangered but extant, 43 (14.5%) as threatened, 72 (24.2%) as of special concern, 14 (4.7%) as undetermined, and only 70 (23.6%) as currently stable. The primary reasons for the decline of freshwater mussels are habitat destruction from dams, channel modification, siltation, and the introduction of nonindigenous mollusks. The high numbers of imperiled freshwater mussels in the United States and Canada, which harbor the most diverse fauna in the world, portend a trajectory toward an extinction crisis that, if unchecked, will severely impoverish one of our richest components of aquatic biodiversity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0006:CSOFMO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Williams, J., Warren, M., Cummings, K., Harris, J., and Neves, R.J., 1993, Conservation status of freshwater mussels of the United States and Canada: Fisheries, v. 18, no. 9, p. 6-22, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0006:CSOFMO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132327,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a3031","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, J.D.","contributorId":74701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warren, M.L. Jr.","contributorId":106448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warren","given":"M.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cummings, K.S.","contributorId":108067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cummings","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, J.L.","contributorId":47739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neves, R. J.","contributorId":30936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neves","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1013315,"text":"1013315 - 1993 - In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:43:28","indexId":"1013315","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes","docAbstract":"Several recently published papers discussed the importance of systematics (the study of evolutionary and genetic relationships among organisms) and taxonomy (the naming and classification of organisms) for managing wildlife (Ryder 1986, Avise 1989, Amato 1991, O'Brien and Mayr 1991, Dowling et al. 1992), Often, classification below the species level is needed; for example, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 applies to local populations and subspecies as well as species. Conservation efforts may focus below the species level because of concerns about the fitness, evolutionary potentials, and locally adapted gene pools of natural populations (Soulé 1986, Hedrick and Milller 1992). This can be considered the genetic component of biodiversity.
Recent systematic studies with wildlife management applications have used modern molecular genetic methods. Analyses of a specific molecular marker, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have been used in many of these studies (e.g., Shields and Wilson 1987, Avise and Nelson 1989, O'Brien et al. 1990, Wayne and Jenks 1991, Cronin 1992), However, there are limitations to the use of mtDNA in systematics (e.g., Overden et al., 1987, Pamilo and Nei 1988, Dowling et al. 1992). In my experience as a geneticist working with wildlife biologists, I have found a need for clarification of the use and limitations of modern molecular genetics. I specifically discuss the limitations of mtDNA data in systematic assessments of wildlife at and below the species level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., 1993, In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 21, no. 3, p. 339-348.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/publications/","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}