Calculating the solubility of gases and minerals at the high pressures of carbon capture and storage in geological reservoirs requires an accurate description of the molar volumes of aqueous species and the fugacity coefficients of gases. Existing methods for calculating the molar volumes of aqueous species are limited to a specific concentration matrix (often seawater), have been fit for a limited temperature (below 60 °C) or pressure range, apply only at infinite dilution, or are defined for salts instead of individual ions. A more general and reliable calculation of apparent molar volumes of single ions is presented, based on a modified Redlich–Rosenfeld equation. The modifications consist of (1) using the Born equation to calculate the temperature dependence of the intrinsic volumes, following Helgeson–Kirkham–Flowers (HKF), but with Bradley and Pitzer’s expression for the dielectric permittivity of water, (2) using the pressure dependence of the extended Debye–Hückel equation to constrain the limiting slope of the molar volume with ionic strength, and (3) adopting the convention that the proton has zero volume at all ionic strengths, temperatures and pressures. The modifications substantially reduce the number of fitting parameters, while maintaining or even extending the range of temperature and pressure over which molar volumes can be accurately estimated. The coefficients in the HKF-modified-Redlich–Rosenfeld equation were fitted by least-squares on measured solution densities.
The limiting volume and attraction factor in the Van der Waals equation of state can be estimated with the Peng–Robinson approach from the critical temperature, pressure, and acentric factor of a gas. The Van der Waals equation can then be used to determine the fugacity coefficients for pure gases and gases in a mixture, and the solubility of the gas can be calculated from the fugacity, the molar volume in aqueous solution, and the equilibrium constant. The coefficients for the Peng–Robinson equations are readily available in the literature.
The required equations have been implemented in PHREEQC, version 3, and the parameters for calculating the partial molar volumes and fugacity coefficients have been added to the databases that are distributed with PHREEQC. The ease of use and power of the formulation are illustrated by calculating the solubility of CO2 at high pressures and temperatures, and comparing with well-known examples from the geochemical literature. The equations and parameterizations are suitable for wide application in hydrogeochemical systems, especially in the field of carbon capture and storage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.003","usgsCitation":"Appelo, C., Parkhurst, D.L., and Post, V., 2014, Equations for calculating hydrogeochemical reactions of minerals and gases such as CO2 at high pressures and temperatures: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 125, p. 49-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.003.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"67","ipdsId":"IP-041823","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343643,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"125","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59673544e4b0d1f9f05dd7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Appelo, C.A.J.","contributorId":106539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appelo","given":"C.A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":704411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Post, V.E.A.","contributorId":56078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"V.E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":704445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70173421,"text":"70173421 - 2014 - Captive propagation, reproductive biology, and early life history of the Diamond Darter (Crystallaria cincotta)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T18:07:12","indexId":"70173421","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Captive propagation, reproductive biology, and early life history of the Diamond Darter (Crystallaria cincotta)","docAbstract":"Reproductive biology and early life history data are critical for the conservation and management of rare fishes. During 2008–2012 a captive propagation study was conducted on the Diamond Darter, Crystallaria cincotta, a rare species with a single extant population in the lower Elk River, West Virginia. Water temperatures during spawning ranged from 11.1–23.3 C. Females and males spawned with quick vibrations, burying eggs in fine sand in relatively swift clean depositional areas. Egg size was 1.8–1.9 mm, and embryos developed within 7 to 11 d. Diamond Darters were 6.7–7.2 mm total length (TL) at hatch. Larvae ranged from 9.0–11.0 mm TL following a 5–10 d period of yolk sac absorption. Larvae had relatively large mouth gapes and teeth and were provided brine shrimp Artemia sp., Ceriodaphnia dubia neonates, marine Brachionus rotifers, and powdered foods (50–400 µm) but did not appear to feed in captivity, except for one observation of larval cannibalization. Larvae survived for a maximum of 10 d. To increase larval survival and reduce the possibility of cannibalism, other alternative food sources are needed during captive propagation.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Notre Dame","doi":"10.1674/0003-0031-172.1.107","usgsCitation":"Ruble, C.L., Rakes, P.L., Shute, J.R., and Welsh, S., 2014, Captive propagation, reproductive biology, and early life history of the Diamond Darter (Crystallaria cincotta): American Midland Naturalist, v. 172, no. 1, p. 107-118, https://doi.org/10.1674/0003-0031-172.1.107.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"118","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049131","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323857,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Elk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 35.964669147704086\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 36.60670888641815\n ],\n [\n -81.6668701171875,\n 36.60670888641815\n ],\n [\n -81.6668701171875,\n 35.964669147704086\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 35.964669147704086\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"172","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdb2e4b07657d19ba75a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ruble, Crystal L.","contributorId":172060,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruble","given":"Crystal","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rakes, Patrick L.","contributorId":21279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rakes","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shute, John R.","contributorId":172061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shute","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":152088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart A.","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":637105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70143455,"text":"70143455 - 2014 - An ecological response model for the Cache la Poudre River through Fort Collins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T16:19:01","indexId":"70143455","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"An ecological response model for the Cache la Poudre River through Fort Collins","docAbstract":"The Poudre River Ecological Response Model (ERM) is a collaborative effort initiated by the City of Fort Collins and a team of nine river scientists to provide the City with a tool to improve its understanding of the past, present, and likely future conditions of the Cache la Poudre River ecosystem. The overall ecosystem condition is described through the measurement of key ecological indicators such as shape and character of the stream channel and banks, streamside plant communities and floodplain wetlands, aquatic vegetation and insects, and fishes, both coolwater trout and warmwater native species. The 13- mile-long study area of the Poudre River flows through Fort Collins, Colorado, and is located in an ecological transition zone between the upstream, cold-water, steep-gradient system in the Front Range of the Southern Rocky Mountains and the downstream, warm-water, low-gradient reach in the Colorado high plains.
\nThe City wanted to better understand the ecological response of the Poudre River ecosystem to potential changes in stream flow and other physical parameters through the conceptual framework of a multivariable integrated model. This goal was met through the use of a probabilistic model based on Bayesian concepts. This construct allowed the integration of a wide range of data and expert opinion (as informed by local data) to predict potential changes to ecosystem conditions under various flow scenarios. Nine flow scenarios representing past, present, and possible future hydrology were developed as the primary model input. Both reach-scale drivers such as stream channel conditions and pollutant loads, as well as ecological conditions, including species composition, interactions, and habitat requirements influenced model-predicted ecosystem outcomes. Model output consisted of probability distributions for eight ecological indicators collectively representing the physical setting, aquatic life, and riparian habitats of the river ecosystem.
\nWe are confident in model predictions related to probable trends, relative magnitude of changes and potential ecosystem responses to changing flow conditions, though data availability and the process of converting diverse data types into a common unit (probabilities) limit precision of individual results. Key findings suggest that:
\nEnvironmental flows that combine stable and adequate flows in base-flow periods with occasional rejuvenating high flows that meet target levels defined in this study are likely improve all biological indicators across the system. ERM test scenarios that include both stable base flows and rejuvenating high flows indicate that substantial improvements in the river ecosystem can be achieved with improved management of flow volumes similar to those observed in the river during the last half century of intensive water development. These results underscore the possibility of improving the river ecosystem through active management while still maintaining the Poudre’s diverse economic benefits and role as a working river.
\nThe ERM was designed to represent the multi-dimensional ecological character of the contemporary urban Poudre River. It provides a scientific foundation that can serve as a decision support tool and foster a more informed community discussion about the future of the river as it provides a better understanding of the likely response of the Poudre River ecosystem to environmental flow management and other stewardship activities. In particular, model results can assist managers in developing specific management actions to achieve desirable goals for key indicators of river health.
","language":"English","publisher":"City of Fort Collins Natural Areas Department","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Shanahan, J., Baker, D., Bledsoe, B.P., Poff, L., Merritt, D.M., Bestgen, K.R., Auble, G.T., Kondratieff, B.C., Stokes, J., Lorie, M., and Sanderson, J., 2014, An ecological response model for the Cache la Poudre River through Fort Collins, xv, 95 p.","productDescription":"xv, 95 p.","numberOfPages":"112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056554","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":298735,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.fcgov.com/naturalareas/eco-response.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Cache la Poudre River Watershed, Poudre River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.15426635742188,\n 40.49395938772784\n ],\n [\n -105.15426635742188,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -104.9798583984375,\n 40.63896734381723\n ],\n [\n -104.9798583984375,\n 40.49395938772784\n ],\n [\n -105.15426635742188,\n 40.49395938772784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"578dfdaee4b0f1bea0e0f816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shanahan, Jennifer","contributorId":172960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shanahan","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Daniel","contributorId":172961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bledsoe, Brian P.","contributorId":140605,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bledsoe","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13538,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poff, LeRoy","contributorId":172962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poff","given":"LeRoy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, David M.","contributorId":95976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bestgen, Kevin R. 0000-0001-8691-2227","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-2227","contributorId":171573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bestgen","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":542726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kondratieff, Boris C.","contributorId":24868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kondratieff","given":"Boris","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17860,"text":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Stokes, John","contributorId":172963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stokes","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Lorie, Mark","contributorId":172964,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lorie","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sanderson, John","contributorId":172965,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanderson","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70160725,"text":"70160725 - 2014 - Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T10:06:45","indexId":"70160725","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2013","docAbstract":"In 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Lake Erie Biological Station successfully completed large vessel surveys in all three of Lake Erie’s basins. Lake Erie Biological Station’s primary vessel surveys included the Western Basin Forage Fish Assessment and East Harbor Forage Fish Assessment as well as contributing to the cooperative multi-agency Central Basin Hydroacoustics Assessment and the Eastern Basin Coldwater Community Assessment (see Forage Task Group and Coldwater Task Group reports, respectively). Further large vessel sampling included individual research data collection as well as assisting with University (e.g., University of Toledo) and agency (e.g., USFWS, USEPA) large vessel sampling needs. Our 2013 vessel operations began on April 4th and concluded on November 21 with a total of 77 large vessel sampling days (83 total days). During this time, crews of the R/V Muskie and R/V Bowfin deployed 174 trawls covering 147 km of lake-bottom, over 13 km of gillnet, collected hydroacoustic data that extended over 250 km of the central and eastern basins, and approximately 180 collective zooplankton, benthos, and water samples.
2013 was the first complete sampling year using the R/V Muskie. Technologies available on the new platform provided opportunities for LEBS to improve data sampling methods and results. An investment was made in mensuration gear for the trawls. This gear is attached to the trawl’s headrope, footrope, and wings; thus, allowing measurement of the area swept and conversion of catches to densities. Another improvement included real-time output of water parameter sonde profiles (e.g., temperature, dissolved oxygen). The ability to view profile data on a tablet allowed quick identification of thermoclines as well as the presence (or absence) of hypoxia. Minor modifications were made to survey designs relative to last year (see 2013 report), and thus, collection of long-term data from the R/V Muskie has commenced. One minor change was that we are now indexing yellow perch maturation data during our fall trawl surveys in response to a request from the Lake Erie Yellow Perch Task Group. Within the following sections, we describe results from our 2013 sampling efforts in Lake Erie.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Compiled Reports to the Great Lakes Fishery Commission of the Annual Bottom Trawl and Acoustic Surveys, 2013","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"Kraus, R.T., Rogers, M.W., Kocovsky, P., Edwards, W., Bodamer Scarbro, B.L., Keretz, K.R., and Berkman, S.A., 2014, Fisheries research and monitoring activities of the Lake Erie Biological Station, 2013, 43 p.","productDescription":"43 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"45","ipdsId":"IP-055461","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":313004,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.glfc.org/lakecom/common_docs/Compiled%20Reports%20from%20USGS%202014.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5809d7c4e4b0f497e78fca73","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraus, Richard T. 0000-0003-4494-1841 rkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4494-1841","contributorId":2609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Richard","email":"rkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Mark W. 0000-0001-7205-5623 mwrogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7205-5623","contributorId":4590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Mark","email":"mwrogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":150837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, William wedwards@usgs.gov","contributorId":3668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"William","email":"wedwards@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bodamer Scarbro, Betsy L. 0000-0002-9022-7027 bbodamerscarbro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9022-7027","contributorId":5857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodamer Scarbro","given":"Betsy","email":"bbodamerscarbro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keretz, Kevin R. 0000-0002-4808-8350 kkeretz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4808-8350","contributorId":5859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keretz","given":"Kevin","email":"kkeretz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17848,"text":"Mississippi State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Berkman, Stephanie A. sberkman@usgs.gov","contributorId":5858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berkman","given":"Stephanie","email":"sberkman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70192503,"text":"70192503 - 2014 - Fertilizer consumption and energy input for 16 crops in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-15T14:29:57","indexId":"70192503","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2832,"text":"Natural Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1573-8981","printIssn":"1520-7439","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fertilizer consumption and energy input for 16 crops in the United States","docAbstract":"Fertilizer use by U.S. agriculture has increased over the past few decades. The production and transportation of fertilizers (nitrogen, N; phosphorus, P; potassium, K) are energy intensive. In general, about a third of the total energy input to crop production goes to the production of fertilizers, one-third to mechanization, and one-third to other inputs including labor, transportation, pesticides, and electricity. For some crops, fertilizer is the largest proportion of total energy inputs. Energy required for the production and transportation of fertilizers, as a percentage of total energy input, was determined for 16 crops in the U.S. to be: 19–60% for seven grains, 10–41% for two oilseeds, 25% for potatoes, 12–30% for three vegetables, 2–23% for two fruits, and 3% for dry beans. The harvested-area weighted-average of the fraction of crop fertilizer energy to the total input energy was 28%. The current sources of fertilizers for U.S. agriculture are dependent on imports, availability of natural gas, or limited mineral resources. Given these dependencies plus the high energy costs for fertilizers, an integrated approach for their efficient and sustainable use is needed that will simultaneously maintain or increase crop yields and food quality while decreasing adverse impacts on the environment.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-013-9226-4","usgsCitation":"Amenumey, S.E., and Capel, P.D., 2014, Fertilizer consumption and energy input for 16 crops in the United States: Natural Resources Research, v. 23, no. 3, p. 299-309, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-013-9226-4.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"299","endPage":"309","ipdsId":"IP-052309","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"23","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ed4ee4b09af898c8cd50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amenumey, Sheila E.","contributorId":192282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amenumey","given":"Sheila","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":716085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Capel, Paul D. 0000-0003-1620-5185 capel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1620-5185","contributorId":1002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Capel","given":"Paul","email":"capel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70145808,"text":"70145808 - 2014 - Productivity of functional guilds of fishes in managed wetlands in coastal South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-09T11:02:27","indexId":"70145808","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2287,"text":"Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Productivity of functional guilds of fishes in managed wetlands in coastal South Carolina","docAbstract":"In coastal South Carolina, many wetlands are impounded and managed as migratory waterfowl habitat. Impoundment effects on fish production and habitat quality largely are unknown. We used the size-frequency method to estimate summer production of fish guilds in three impoundments along the Combahee River, South Carolina. We predicted that guild-specific production would vary with impoundment salinity, which ranged from 3 to 21 practical salinity units. We expected that marine species that use the estuary as nursery habitat would have greatest production in the impoundment with the highest salinity regime, and that species that inhabit the upper reaches of the estuary would have greatest production in the impoundment with the lowest salinity regime. Finally, we expected that estuarine species would be highly productive in all study impoundments, because these species can reproduce within these structures. We found that guild-specific productivity varied both among years and among impoundments, generally following salinity gradients, though to a lesser extent than expected. Our guild-specific estimates of fish productivity fell on the low end of the range of previously published estuarine fish production estimates. Additionally, we observed large mortality events in the study impoundments each summer. The results of our study indicate that during the summer, the study impoundments provided poor-quality fish habitat to all guilds.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.3996/112012-JFWM-099","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., and Jennings, C.A., 2014, Productivity of functional guilds of fishes in managed wetlands in coastal South Carolina: Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, v. 5, no. 1, p. 70-86, https://doi.org/10.3996/112012-JFWM-099.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"70","endPage":"86","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053919","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3996/112012-jfwm-099","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Combahee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 32.2313896627376\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -79.51904296874999,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -79.51904296874999,\n 32.2313896627376\n ],\n [\n -80.79345703125,\n 32.2313896627376\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5527a2b4e4b026915857c856","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Kelly F.","contributorId":44911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Kelly F.","affiliations":[{"id":6596,"text":"Quantitative Fisheries Center, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70145807,"text":"70145807 - 2014 - A comparison of resident fish assemblages in managed and unmanaged coastal wetlands in North Carolina and South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-09T12:57:17","indexId":"70145807","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A comparison of resident fish assemblages in managed and unmanaged coastal wetlands in North Carolina and South Carolina","docAbstract":"The dominant fish species within impounded coastal wetlands in the southeastern US may be different from the species that dominate natural marshes. We tested the hypothesis that resident fish assemblages inhabiting impounded coastal wetlands in South Carolina would differ from resident assemblages in natural marshes of the southeastern United States. We used rarefied species richness, Shannon's H' diversity,J' evenness, Morisita's index of similarity, and the percent similarity index to compare resident fish assemblages from two impoundments to 12 open-marsh resident fish assemblages from previously published studies in North and South Carolina. We used rotenone to sample fish assemblages in impoundments. The assemblages in natural marsh habitat had been sampled with rotenone and seines. We classified comparisons yielding a similarity index ≥0.50 as moderately similar and those with an index ≥0.75 as very similar. Fifty-three percent of the among-impoundment comparisons (Morisita's index) were at least moderately similar, whereas 7% of impoundment—natural marsh comparisons were moderately similar. A difference in tidal influence was the only parameter in the best-fitting model describing the observed Morisita's indices. The index of similarity decreased by 63% when tidal influence differed between compared assemblages. Species richness and diversity were greater in impoundments than natural marshes, but evenness was similar between habitat types. Our results support the hypothesis that resident fish assemblages in impounded wetlands and natural marshes are different, and suggest that a degree of tidal influence is the most important factor behind the difference.
","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.013.0207","usgsCitation":"Robinson, K., and Jennings, C.A., 2014, A comparison of resident fish assemblages in managed and unmanaged coastal wetlands in North Carolina and South Carolina: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 13, no. 2, p. 237-260, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.013.0207.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"260","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052529","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299541,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Combahee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -79.639892578125,\n 32.95336814579932\n ],\n [\n -79.639892578125,\n 31.93351676190369\n ],\n [\n -81.0791015625,\n 31.93351676190369\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5527a2aae4b026915857c847","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, Kelly F.","contributorId":140157,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Kelly F.","affiliations":[{"id":13267,"text":"Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":473,"text":"New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":6590,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jennings, Cecil A. 0000-0002-6159-6026 jennings@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6159-6026","contributorId":874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jennings","given":"Cecil","email":"jennings@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70160601,"text":"70160601 - 2014 - Two approaches for incorporating climate change into natural resource management planning at Wind Cave National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T13:30:59","indexId":"70160601","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"NPS/WICA/NRTR—2014/918","title":"Two approaches for incorporating climate change into natural resource management planning at Wind Cave National Park","docAbstract":"Wind Cave National Park (WICA) protects one of the world’s longest caves, has large amounts of high quality, native vegetation, and hosts a genetically important bison herd. The park’s relatively small size and unique purpose within its landscape requires hands-on management of these and other natural resources, all of which are interconnected. Anthropogenic climate change presents an added challenge to WICA natural resource management because it is characterized by large uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of park and National Park Service (NPS) staff. When uncertainty is high and control of this uncertainty low, scenario planning is an appropriate tool for determining future actions. In 2009, members of the NPS obtained formal training in the use of scenario planning in order to evaluate it as a tool for incorporating climate change into NPS natural resource management planning. WICA served as one of two case studies used in this training exercise. Although participants in the training exercise agreed that the scenario planning process showed promise for its intended purpose, they were concerned that the process lacked the scientific rigor necessary to defend the management implications derived from it in the face of public scrutiny. This report addresses this concern and others by (1) providing a thorough description of the process of the 2009 scenario planning exercise, as well as its results and management implications for WICA; (2) presenting the results of a follow-up, scientific study that quantitatively simulated responses of WICA’s hydrological and ecological systems to specific climate projections; (3) placing these climate projections and the general climate scenarios used in the scenario planning exercise in the broader context of available climate projections; and (4) comparing the natural resource management implications derived from the two approaches. Wind Cave National Park (WICA) protects one of the world’s longest caves, has large amounts of high quality, native vegetation, and hosts a genetically important bison herd. The park’s relatively small size and unique purpose within its landscape requires hands-on management of these and other natural resources, all of which are interconnected. Anthropogenic climate change presents an added challenge to WICA natural resource management because it is characterized by large uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of park and National Park Service (NPS) staff. When uncertainty is high and control of this uncertainty low, scenario planning is an appropriate tool for determining future actions. In 2009, members of the NPS obtained formal training in the use of scenario planning in order to evaluate it as a tool for incorporating climate change into NPS natural resource management planning. WICA served as one of two case studies used in this training exercise. Although participants in the training exercise agreed that the scenario planning process showed promise for its intended purpose, they were concerned that the process lacked the scientific rigor necessary to defend the management implications derived from it in the face of public scrutiny. This report addresses this concern and others by (1) providing a thorough description of the process of the 2009 scenario planning exercise, as well as its results and management implications for WICA; (2) presenting the results of a follow-up, scientific study that quantitatively simulated responses of WICA’s hydrological and ecological systems to specific climate projections; (3) placing these climate projections and the general climate scenarios used in the scenario planning exercise in the broader context of available climate projections; and (4) comparing the natural resource management implications derived from the two approaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Park Service","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A.J., Long, A.J., Stamm, J., King, D.A., Bachelet, D.M., and Norton, P.A., 2014, Two approaches for incorporating climate change into natural resource management planning at Wind Cave National Park, xii, 87 p. .","productDescription":"xii, 87 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-057364","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312817,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/nrtr.cfm"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a42e4b0571647cf8e3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":147543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":583242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamm, John 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":150839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, David A.","contributorId":7160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachelet, Dominque M.","contributorId":150840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachelet","given":"Dominque","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18116,"text":"Cons Biol Institute, Covallis, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norton, Parker A. 0000-0002-4638-2601 pnorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-2601","contributorId":2257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Parker","email":"pnorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70193626,"text":"70193626 - 2014 - Tsunami-generated sediment wave channels at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T15:00:59","indexId":"70193626","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tsunami-generated sediment wave channels at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA","docAbstract":"A gigantic ∼12 km3 landslide detached from the west wall of Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada, USA), and slid 15 km east across the lake. The splash, or tsunami, from this landslide eroded Tioga-age moraines dated as 21 ka. Lake-bottom short piston cores recovered sediment as old as 12 ka that did not reach landslide deposits, thereby constraining the landslide age as 21–12 ka.
Movement of the landslide splashed copious water onto the countryside and lowered the lake level ∼10 m. The sheets of water that washed back into the lake dumped their sediment load at the lowered shoreline, producing deltas that merged into delta terraces. During rapid growth, these unstable delta terraces collapsed, disaggregated, and fed turbidity currents that generated 15 subaqueous sediment wave channel systems that ring the lake and descend to the lake floor at 500 m depth. Sheets of water commonly more than 2 km wide at the shoreline fed these systems. Channels of the systems contain sediment waves (giant ripple marks) with maximum wavelengths of 400 m. The lower depositional aprons of the system are surfaced by sediment waves with maximum wavelengths of 300 m.
A remarkably similar, though smaller, contemporary sediment wave channel system operates at the mouth of the Squamish River in British Columbia. The system is generated by turbidity currents that are fed by repeated growth and collapse of the active river delta. The Tahoe splash-induced backwash was briefly equivalent to more than 15 Squamish Rivers in full flood and would have decimated life in low-lying areas of the Tahoe region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES01025.1","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., Schweickert, R.A., and Kitts, C.A., 2014, Tsunami-generated sediment wave channels at Lake Tahoe, California-Nevada, USA: Geosphere, v. 10, no. 4, p. 757-768, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01025.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"757","endPage":"768","ipdsId":"IP-053463","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473319,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01025.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Lake Tahoe","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.1739501953125,\n 38.92416066460569\n ],\n [\n -119.91577148437499,\n 38.92416066460569\n ],\n [\n -119.91577148437499,\n 39.25671479372372\n ],\n [\n -120.1739501953125,\n 39.25671479372372\n ],\n [\n -120.1739501953125,\n 38.92416066460569\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eace4b0531197b27fb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schweickert, Richard A.","contributorId":60107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweickert","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kitts, Christopher A.","contributorId":77345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitts","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70134311,"text":"ofr20141213 - 2014 - U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative - 2013 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T15:14:30","indexId":"ofr20141213","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1213","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative - 2013 Annual Report","docAbstract":"This is the sixth report produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative (WLCI) to detail annual activities conducted by USGS for addressing specific management needs identified by WLCI partners. In FY2013, there were 25 ongoing and new projects conducted by the USGS. These projects fall into 8 major categories: (1) synthesizing and analyzing existing data to describe (model and map) current conditions on the landscape; (2) developing models for projecting past and future landscape conditions; (3) monitoring indicators of ecosystem conditions and the effectiveness of on-the-ground habitat projects; (4) conducting research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying wildlife and habitat responses to changing land uses; (5) managing and making accessible the large number of databases, maps, and other products being developed; (6) helping to integrate WLCI outcomes with future habitat enhancement and research projects; (7) coordinating efforts among WLCI partners; and (8) providing support to WLCI decision-makers and assisting with overall evaluation of the WLCI program. The two new projects initiated in FY2013 address (1) important agricultural lands in southwestern Wyoming, and (2) the influence of energy development on native fish communities. The remaining activities entailed our ongoing efforts to compile data, model landscape conditions, monitor trends in habitat conditions, conduct studies of wildlife responses to energy development, and upgrade Web-based products in support of both individual and overall WLCI efforts.\r\nMilestone FY2013 accomplishments included completing the development of a WLCI inventory and monitoring framework and the associated monitoring strategies, protocols, and analytics; and initial development of an Interagency Inventory and Monitoring Database, which will be accessible through the Monitoring page of the WLCI Web site at http://www.wlci.gov/monitoring. We also completed the initial phase of the mountain shrub-mapping project in the Big Piney-La Barge mule deer winter range. Finally, a 3-year survey of pygmy rabbits in four major gas-field areas was completed and used to validate the pygmy rabbit habitat model/map developed earlier in the project. Important products that became available for use by WLCI partners included publication of USGS Data Series report (http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/800/pdf/ds800.pdf) that compiles our WLCI land cover and land use data, which depict current and historical patterns of sage-grouse habitat in relation to energy development and will be used to pose “what-if” scenarios to evaluate possible outcomes of alternative land-use strategies and practices on habitat and wildlife. Another important FY2013 product was a journal article (http://aapgbull.geoscienceworld.org/content/97/6/899.full) that describes the Mowry Shale and Frontier formation, which harbors coalbed methane and shale gas resources in Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah, for use in future scenario-building work. We also produced maps and databases that depict the structure and condition of aspen stands in the Little Mountain Ecosystem, and then presented this information to the Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming Game and Fish Department, and other interested entities for supporting aspen-management objectives.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141213","usgsCitation":"Bowen, Z.H., Aldridge, C.L., Anderson, P.J., Assal, T.J., Bern, C., Biewick, L.R., Boughton, G.K., Chalfoun, A.D., Chong, G.W., Dematatis, M.K., Fedy, B., Garman, S.L., Germaine, S., Hethcoat, M.G., Homer, C.G., Huber, C., Kauffman, M., Latysh, N., Manier, D.J., Melcher, C.P., Miller, K.A., Potter, C.J., Schell, S., Sweat, M.J., Walters, A.W., and Wilson, A.B., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Science for the Wyoming Landscape Conservation Initiative - 2013 Annual Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1213, 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macroinvertebrates and juvenile Atlantic 8 salmon in temperate oligotrophic streams","docAbstract":"Groundwater is the principal source of freshwater supply in most of Southern Maryland and Maryland’s Eastern Shore. It is also the source of freshwater supply used in the operation of the Calvert Cliffs, Chalk Point, and Morgantown power plants. Increased groundwater withdrawals over the last several decades have caused groundwater levels to decline. This report presents potentiometric-surface maps of the Aquia and Magothy aquifers and the Upper Patapsco, Lower Patapsco, and Patuxent aquifer systems using water levels measured during September 2013. Water-level difference maps are also presented for four of these aquifers. The water-level differences in the Aquia aquifer are shown using groundwater-level data from 1982 and 2013, while the water-level differences are presented for the Magothy aquifer using data from 1975 and 2013. Water-level difference maps for both the Upper Patapsco and Lower Patapsco aquifer systems are presented using data from 1990 and 2013.
\nThe potentiometric surface maps show water levels ranging from 165 feet above sea level to 199 feet below sea level. Water levels have declined by as much as 113 feet in the Aquia aquifer since 1982, 81 feet in the Magothy aquifer since 1975, and 61 and 95 feet in the Upper Patapsco and Lower Patapsco aquifer systems, respectively, since 1990.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest conservation and management in the Anthropocene: Adaptation of science, policy, and practices","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Allen, C.D., 2014, Forest ecosystem re-organization underway in the southwestern US: A preview of widespread forest changes in the anthropocene?, chap. of Forest conservation and management in the Anthropocene: Adaptation of science, policy, and practices, p. 103-122.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"122","ipdsId":"IP-094146","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351543,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p071.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5afeee10e4b0da30c1bfc74d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70187636,"text":"70187636 - 2014 - Combined global change effects on ecosystem processesin nine U.S. topographically complex areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T10:20:44","indexId":"70187636","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1007,"text":"Biogeochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combined global change effects on ecosystem processesin nine U.S. topographically complex areas","docAbstract":"Concurrent changes in climate, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, and increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) affect ecosystems in complex ways. The DayCent-Chem model was used to investigate the combined effects of these human-caused drivers of change over the period 1980–2075 at seven forested montane and two alpine watersheds in the United States. Net ecosystem production (NEP) increased linearly with increasing N deposition for six out of seven forested watersheds; warming directly increased NEP at only two of these sites. Warming reduced soil organic carbon storage at all sites by increasing heterotrophic respiration. At most sites, warming together with high N deposition increased nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions enough to negate the greenhouse benefit of soil carbon sequestration alone, though there was a net greenhouse gas sink across nearly all sites mainly due to the effect of CO2 fertilization and associated sequestration by plants. Over the simulation period, an increase in atmospheric CO2 from 350 to 600 ppm was the main driver of change in net ecosystem greenhouse gas sequestration at all forested sites and one of two alpine sites, but an additional increase in CO2 from 600 to 760 ppm produced smaller effects. Warming either increased or decreased net greenhouse gas sequestration, depending on the site. The N contribution to net ecosystem greenhouse gas sequestration averaged across forest sites was only 5–7 % and was negligible for the alpine. Stream nitrate (NO3−) fluxes increased sharply with N-loading, primarily at three watersheds where initial N deposition values were high relative to terrestrial N uptake capacity. The simulated results displayed fewer synergistic responses to warming, N-loading, and CO2 fertilization than expected. Overall, simulations with DayCent-Chem suggest individual site characteristics and historical patterns of N deposition are important determinants of forest or alpine ecosystem responses to global change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10533-014-9950-9","usgsCitation":"Hartman, M.D., Baron, J., Ewing, H.A., and Weathers, K., 2014, Combined global change effects on ecosystem processesin nine U.S. topographically complex areas: Biogeochemistry, v. 119, no. 1, p. 85-108, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-014-9950-9.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"108","ipdsId":"IP-071832","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"119","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5915495fe4b01a342e691301","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartman, Melannie D.","contributorId":98836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Melannie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baron, Jill S. 0000-0002-5902-6251 jill_baron@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5902-6251","contributorId":174080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baron","given":"Jill S.","email":"jill_baron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewing, Holly A.","contributorId":191962,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ewing","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":33413,"text":"Bates College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weathers, Kathleen","contributorId":191961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weathers","given":"Kathleen","affiliations":[{"id":7188,"text":"Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":694873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70135095,"text":"70135095 - 2014 - A geologic approach to field methods in fluvial geomorphology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-20T10:24:12","indexId":"70135095","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5374,"text":"Developments in Earth Surface Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"chapter":"5.2","title":"A geologic approach to field methods in fluvial geomorphology","docAbstract":"A geologic approach to field methods in fluvial geomorphology is useful for understanding causes and consequences of past, present, and possible future perturbations in river behavior and floodplain dynamics. Field methods include characterizing river planform and morphology changes and floodplain sedimentary sequences over long periods of time along a longitudinal river continuum. Techniques include topographic and bathymetric surveying of fluvial landforms in valley bottoms and describing floodplain sedimentary sequences through coring, trenching, and examining pits and exposures. Historical sediment budgets that include floodplain sedimentary records can characterize past and present sources and sinks of sediment along a longitudinal river continuum. Describing paleochannels and floodplain vertical accretion deposits, estimating long-term sedimentation rates, and constructing historical sediment budgets can assist in management of aquatic resources, habitat, sedimentation, and flooding issues.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphological Fieldwork","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-63402-3.00012-1","isbn":"978-0-444-63402-3","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F., 2014, A geologic approach to field methods in fluvial geomorphology, chap. 5.2 of Geomorphological Fieldwork: Developments in Earth Surface Processes, v. 18, p. 201-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63402-3.00012-1.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"201","endPage":"230","ipdsId":"IP-059440","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f9c8d2e4b0b7ea545240f9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thornbush, Mary J","contributorId":127795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thornbush","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":7157,"text":"University of Birmingham","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692263,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Casey D","contributorId":127796,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"Casey","email":"","middleInitial":"D","affiliations":[{"id":7158,"text":"Unversity of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692264,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":692265,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. 0000-0002-9748-7075 fafitzpa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-7075","contributorId":127794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith A.","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":526803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70136151,"text":"70136151 - 2014 - Demography and behavior of polar bears summering on land in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-14T13:24:08","indexId":"70136151","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Demography and behavior of polar bears summering on land in Alaska","docAbstract":"Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea population (SB) are spending increased time on the coastal North Slope of Alaska between July and October (Gleason and Rode 2010). The duration spent on land by polar bears, satellite collared on the sea-ice in the spring, during the summer and fall has also increased (USGS, unpublished data; Figure 1). This change in polar bear ecology has relevance for human-bear interactions, subsistence harvest, prevalence of defense kills, and disturbance associated with existing land-based development [e.g., National Petroleum Reserve of Alaska (NPRA), Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR)], Native Alaskan communities, recreation (ANWR) and tourism (e.g., bear viewing in Kaktovik, AK). These activities have the potential to impact, in new ways, the status of the entire SB population. Concomitantly, the change in polar bear ecology will impact these human activities, and a base-line characterization of this phenomenon can better inform mitigation (e.g., industry permitting under the Endangered Species Act and Marine Mammal Protection Act). In this study we aim to characterize the demography, habitat-use, and aspects of foraging ecology and health of polar bears spending fall on land. The SB population is characterized by a divergent-sea ice ecology, where polar bears typically spend most of the year on the sea-ice, even as the pack ice retreats northward, away from the coast, to its minimal extent in September (Amstrup et al. 2008; Durner et al. 2009). From 2000 – 2005, using coastal aerial surveys, Schliebe et al. (2008) observed between 3.7 and 8% of polar bears from SB (~ 60 – 120 of 1526, Regher et al. 2006) on land during the autumn. Sighting probability was not estimated in these surveys, and therefore the numbers represent minimum numbers of bears on land. Our analysis of USGS data suggest an annual average of 15% (± 3%, SE) of polar bears satellite-tagged on the spring-time sea ice (total n = 18 of 124 satellite tags, 2003 – 2009) come to land during July – October. Based on these data, and an assumption that bears satellite-tagged on the spring time sea ice are representative of the entire SB population of independent bears, there would be an average of 230 bears on land each fall. In contrast to the SB population, in five of the world’s 19 polar bear populations (Obbard et al. 2010), polar bears spend significant periods of time on land (1 – 5 months) when ice completely melts. In these seasonal-ice populations (Amstrup et al. 2008), polar bears are largely in a hypophagic condition (e.g., Hobson et al. 2009), relying on fat stores from the spring hyperphagic season, when ringed seals (Phoca hispida) pup. In general, these seasonal-ice populations are demographically productive (Taylor et al. 2005), although recently an increase in the ice-free season has resulted in a population decline in western Hudson Bay (Stirling et al. 1999; Regehr et al. 2007). There have been measured declines in the body condition and productivity of polar bears in SB, and changes in these parameters have been linked to declining optimal ice habitat (e.g., Durner et al. 2009; Regehr et al. 2010). We do not understand the relationship between land-use and the overall status of the population. Individual polar bears that use land may have increased or decreased fitness, in comparison to polar bears that remain on ice in the autumn. This project, which focuses on the biology of animals that spend time on-shore, will help address this question. This project is funded by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) under Agreement No. M09PG00025 and the USGS Outer Continental Shelf Program (OCS) for FY 2009-2014. Parts of this study are also funded by US Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Marine Mammals Management; the Bureau of Land Management; and the North Slope Borough, Department of Wildlife Management. This report is comprehensive, describing results for achieving the overlap
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