{"pageNumber":"1368","pageRowStart":"34175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46733,"records":[{"id":17043,"text":"ofr93216 - 1993 - Dense three-dimensional array near Garni, Armenia as part of the Joint Eurasian Seismic Studies Program (objectives, array design, archived data, and preliminary wave-slowness analysis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T17:51:31","indexId":"ofr93216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-216","title":"Dense three-dimensional array near Garni, Armenia as part of the Joint Eurasian Seismic Studies Program (objectives, array design, archived data, and preliminary wave-slowness analysis)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr93216","usgsCitation":"Borcherdt, R., 1993, Dense three-dimensional array near Garni, Armenia as part of the Joint Eurasian Seismic Studies Program (objectives, array design, archived data, and preliminary wave-slowness analysis): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-216, 450 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93216.","productDescription":"450 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149613,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46182,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66eb9b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Glassmoyer, G.N.","contributorId":67913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"G.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745669,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Borcherdt, R. D. 0000-0002-8668-0849","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-0849","contributorId":32165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borcherdt","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4192,"text":"cir1096 - 1993 - Statistics of petroleum exploration in the Caribbean, Latin America, Western Europe, the Middle East, Africa, non-communist Asia, and the southwestern Pacific","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:36","indexId":"cir1096","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1096","title":"Statistics of petroleum exploration in the Caribbean, Latin America, Western Europe, the Middle East, Africa, non-communist Asia, and the southwestern Pacific","docAbstract":"This circular presents a summary of the geographic \r\nlocation, amount, and results of petroleum exploration, including an atlas showing explored and delineated prospective areas through 1990. The data show that wildcat well drilling has continued through the last decade to expand the prospective area by about 40,000 to 50,000 square miles per year. However, the area delineated by 1970, which represents only about one-third of the prospective area delineated to date, contains about 80 percent of the oil discovered to date. This discovery distribution suggests that, from an overall prospective, the industry was successful in delineating the most productive areas early. The price increases of the 1970's and 1980's allowed the commercial exploration and development of fields in high-cost areas, such as the North Sea and Campos Basin, Brazil. Data on natural-gas discoveries also indicate that gas will be supplying an increasing share of the worldwide energy market. \r\n\r\nThe size distribution of petroleum provinces is highly skewed. The skewed distribution and the stability in province size orderings suggest that intense exploration in identified provinces will not change the distribution of oil within the study area. Although evidence of the field-growth phenomenon outside the United States and Canada is presented, the data are not yet reliable enough for projecting future growth. The field-growth phenomenon implies not only that recent discoveries are substantially understated, but that field growth could become the dominant source of additions to proved reserves in the future.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFree on application to U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/cir1096","usgsCitation":"Attanasi, E.D., and Root, D.H., 1993, Statistics of petroleum exploration in the Caribbean, Latin America, Western Europe, the Middle East, Africa, non-communist Asia, and the southwestern Pacific: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1096, v, 129 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1096.","productDescription":"v, 129 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124672,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31306,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691d0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Attanasi, E. D. 0000-0001-6845-7160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6845-7160","contributorId":107672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Attanasi","given":"E.","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Root, David H.","contributorId":92232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Root","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":64601,"text":"i1420(NJ14) - 1993 - Quaternary geologic map of the Wichita 4 degrees x 6 degrees quadrangle, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-23T18:44:01","indexId":"i1420(NJ14)","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1420(NJ-14)","subseriesTitle":"GAUS","title":"Quaternary geologic map of the Wichita 4 degrees x 6 degrees quadrangle, United States","docAbstract":"This map is part of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States (I-1420). It was first published as a printed edition in 1993. The geologic data have now been captured digitally and are presented here along with images of the printed map sheet and component parts as PDF files. The Quaternary Geologic Map of the Wichita 4° x 6° Quadrangle was mapped as part of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States. The atlas was begun as an effort to depict the areal distribution of surficial geologic deposits and other materials that accumulated or formed during the past 2+ million years, the period that includes all activities of the human species. These materials are at the surface of the earth. They make up the \"ground\" on which we walk, the \"dirt\" in which we dig foundations, and the \"soil\" in which we grow crops. Most of our human activity is related in one way or another to these surface materials that are referred to collectively by many geologists as regolith, the mantle of fragmental and generally unconsolidated material that overlies the bedrock foundation of the continent. The maps were compiled at 1:1,000,000 scale. In recent years, surficial deposits and materials have become the focus of much interest by scientists, environmentalists, governmental agencies, and the general public. They are the foundations of ecosystems, the materials that support plant growth and animal habitat, and the materials through which travels much of the water required for our agriculture, our industry, and our general well being. They also are materials that easily can become contaminated by pesticides, fertilizers, and toxic wastes. In this context, the value of the surficial geologic map is evident.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1420(NJ14)","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Geological Survey, the Oklahoma Geological Survey, and the Texas Bureau of Economic Geology","usgsCitation":"Luza, V., Jensen, K.M., Fishman, W.D., Wermund, E.G., Richmond, G., Christiansen, A.C., and Bush, C.A., 1993, Quaternary geologic map of the Wichita 4 degrees x 6 degrees quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1420(NJ-14), 1 map :col. ;52.80 x 41.18 inches, on sheet 104 x 133 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.; Text: 18 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1420(NJ14).","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;52.80 x 41.18 inches, on sheet 104 x 133 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.; Text: 18 p.; Downloads Directory","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":204180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":19267,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/nj-14/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":106735,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9211.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9211"}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,36 ], [ -102,40 ], [ -96,40 ], [ -96,36 ], [ -102,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b93","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Denne, Jane E.","contributorId":59550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denne","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749569,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"editors":[{"text":"Richmond, Gerald M.","contributorId":87165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Gerald M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749568,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Luza, V.","contributorId":81619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luza","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jensen, Kathleen M.","contributorId":84492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jensen","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fishman, W. D.","contributorId":106250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wermund, E. G. Jr.","contributorId":72468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wermund","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richmond, Gerald Martin","contributorId":28352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Gerald Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Christiansen, Ann Coe","contributorId":96656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"Coe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bush, Charles A.","contributorId":97876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":54567,"text":"wdrHI921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1992: Volume 1. Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T16:15:04.310487","indexId":"wdrHI921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1992: Volume 1. Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1992 water year for Hawaii and other Pacific Areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report, volume 1, contains discharge records for 87 gaging stations; water quality for 16 gaging stations, 20 partial-record flow stations, and 126 wells; and water levels for 63 observation wells. Also included are - 107 crest-stage partial record stations, 4 miscellaneous partial-record stations, and 6 low-flow partial-record stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Federal, and other agencies in Hawaii.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrHI921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Water Resource Management and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, I., Kunishige, V., and Lum, M., 1993, Water Resources Data, Hawaii and other Pacific Areas, Water Year 1992. Volume 1. 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,{"id":17041,"text":"ofr93231 - 1993 - Data, software and applications for education and research in geology; Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-27T16:58:29.466221","indexId":"ofr93231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-231","title":"Data, software and applications for education and research in geology; Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr93231","usgsCitation":"Ambroziak, R., Woodwell, G., Cook, C., and Wicks, R., 1993, Data, software and applications for education and research in geology; Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-231, 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db67472e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ambroziak, R.A.","contributorId":25172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambroziak","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodwell, G.R.","contributorId":43371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodwell","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cook, C.A.","contributorId":71566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wicks, R.E.","contributorId":24368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wicks","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":4904,"text":"ds15 - 1993 - CD-ROM atlas of the deepwater parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern Caribbean Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-09T22:41:43.620798","indexId":"ds15","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"15","title":"CD-ROM atlas of the deepwater parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern Caribbean Sea","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds15","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"0607624329","usgsCitation":"Twichell, D.C., and Polloni, C.F., 1993, CD-ROM atlas of the deepwater parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone in the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern Caribbean Sea: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 15, 1 CD-Rom, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds15.","productDescription":"1 CD-Rom","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":649,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds15/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139881,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"12000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.75,15 ], [ -95.75,36 ], [ -64,36 ], [ -64,15 ], [ -95.75,15 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f987a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twichell, David C.","contributorId":37730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Polloni, C. F.","contributorId":13618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polloni","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54647,"text":"wdrMARI921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-30T18:16:19.430522","indexId":"wdrMARI921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MA-RI-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources data for the 1992 water year for Massachusetts and Rhode Island consists of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents of lakes and reservoirs; and ground-water levels. This report contains discharge records for 77 gaging stations, month end contents for six lakes and reservoirs, water quality for nine gaging stations, and water levels for 128 observation wells. Also included are data for 60 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data-collection program, and are published as miscellaneous discharge measurements and quality of ground water. A few pertinent stations in bordering states are also included in this report. These data represent that portion of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMARI921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the States of Massachusetts and Rhode Island and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Socolow, R., Shepard, T., Girouard, G., and Gadoury, R.A., 1993, Water resources data, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MA-RI-92-1, xvi, 255 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMARI921.","productDescription":"xvi, 255 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/mari-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":496118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/mari-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts, Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              41.11994266161375\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8918541821574,\n              41.11994266161375\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8918541821574,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.50297488831188,\n              42.97016577848564\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Socolow, R.S.","contributorId":17639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Socolow","given":"R.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shepard, T.S.","contributorId":93125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Girouard, G.G.","contributorId":88017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Girouard","given":"G.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gadoury, R. A.","contributorId":26334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gadoury","given":"R.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1802,"text":"wsp2388 - 1993 - Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19235,"text":"ofr91250 - 1991 - Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","indexId":"ofr91250","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1802,"text":"wsp2388 - 1993 - Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","indexId":"wsp2388","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T21:51:13.027932","indexId":"wsp2388","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2388","title":"Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents the results of a study by the U.S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Division of Mined Land Reclamation, and the Powell River Project, to describe the hydraulic characteristics of major water-bearing zones in the coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia and to develop a conceptual model of the ground-water-flow system. Aquifer testing in1987 and 1988 of 9-ft intervals in coal-exploration coreholes indicates that transmissivity decreases with increasing depth. Most rock types are permeable to a depth of approximately 100 ft; however, only coal seams are consistently permeable (transmissivity greater than 0.001 ft/d) at depths greater than 200 ft . Constant-head injection testing of rock intervals adjacent to coal seams usually indicated lower values of transmissivity than those values obtained when coal seams were isolated within the test interval; thus, large values of horizontal hydraulic conductivity at depth are associated with coal seams.</p><p>Potentiometric-head measurements indicate that high topographic areas (ridges) function as recharge areas; water infiltrates through the surface, percolates into regolith, and flows downward and laterally through fractures in the shallow bedrock. Hydraulic conductivity decreases with increasing depth, and ground water flows primarily in the lateral direction along fractures or bedding planes or through coal seams. If vertical hydraulic conductivity is negligible, ground water continues to flow laterally, discharging as springs or seeps on hill slopes. Where vertical hydraulic conductivity is appreciable, groundwater follows a stair step path through the regolith, fractures, bedding planes, and coal seams, discharging to streams and (or) recharging coal seams at depth.</p><p>Permeable coal seams probably underlie valleys in the region; however, aquifer-test data indicate that the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of coal is a function of depth and probably decreases under ridges because of increased overburden pressures. Ground water beneath valleys that does not discharge to streams probably flows down gradient as underflow beneath the streams. Topographic relief in the area provides large hydraulic-head differences (greater than 300 ft in some instances) for the ground-water-flow system. Transmissivity data from the range of depths tested during this study indicate that most ground-water flow takes place at moderate depths (less than 300 ft) and that little deep regional ground-water flow occurs.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/wsp2388","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Division of Mined Land Reclamation, and the Powell River Project","usgsCitation":"Harlow, G., and LeCain, G.D., 1993, Hydraulic characteristics of, and ground-water flow in, coal-bearing rocks of southwestern Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2388, Report: vi, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 25.32 x 19.85 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2388.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 36 p.; 1 Plate: 25.32 x 19.85 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137029,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":393269,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2388/pdf/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":393268,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2388/pdf/wsp_2388.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":15,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp_2388/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83.21044921875,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5789794921875,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.5789794921875,\n              37.58376576718623\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.21044921875,\n              37.58376576718623\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.21044921875,\n              36.641977814705946\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a2da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harlow, George E. Jr. geharlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"George E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"geharlow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":144181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeCain, Gary D.","contributorId":52207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeCain","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1208,"text":"wsp2393 - 1993 - Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18573,"text":"ofr88335 - 1991 - Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86","indexId":"ofr88335","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1208,"text":"wsp2393 - 1993 - Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86","indexId":"wsp2393","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-31T20:46:38.664209","indexId":"wsp2393","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2393","title":"Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86","docAbstract":"<p>The City of Indianapolis has constructed state-of-the-art advanced municipal wastewater-treatment systems to enlarge and upgrade the existing secondary-treatment processes at its Belmont and Southport treatment plants. These new advanced-wastewater-treatment plants became operational in 1983. A nonparametric statistical procedure--a modified form of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum test--was used to test for trends in time-series water-quality data from four sites on the White River and from the Belmont and Southport wastewater-treatment plants. Time-series data representative of pre-advanced- (1978-1980) and post-advanced- (1983--86) wastewater-treatment conditions were tested for trends, and the results indicate substantial changes in water quality of treated effluent and of the White River downstream from Indianapolis after implementation of advanced wastewater treatment. Water quality from 1981 through 1982 was highly variable due to plant construction. Therefore, this time period was excluded from the analysis. Water quality at sample sites located upstream from the wastewater-treatment plants was relatively constant during the period of study (1978-86). Analysis of data from the two plants and downstream from the plants indicates statistically significant decreasing trends in effluent concentrations of total ammonia, 5-day biochemical-oxygen demand, fecal-coliform bacteria, total phosphate, and total solids at all sites where sufficient data were available for testing. Because of in-plant nitrification, increases in nitrate concentration were statistically significant in the two plants and in the White River. The decrease in ammonia concentrations and 5-day biochemical-oxygen demand in the White River resulted in a statistically significant increasing trend in dissolved-oxygen concentration in the river because of reduced oxygen demand for nitrification and biochemical oxidation processes. Following implementation of advanced wastewater treatment, the number of river-quality samples that failed to meet the water-quality standards for ammonia and dissolved oxygen that apply to the White River decreased substantially.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2393","usgsCitation":"Crawford, C.G., and Wangsness, D.J., 1993, Effects of advanced treatment of municipal wastewater on the White River near Indianapolis, Indiana: Trends in water quality, 1978-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2393, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2393.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":26094,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2393/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":395181,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4891,"text":"ds9 - 1993 - National geophysical data grids; gamma-ray, gravity, magnetic, and topographic data for the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-29T16:39:10.429132","indexId":"ds9","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"9","title":"National geophysical data grids; gamma-ray, gravity, magnetic, and topographic data for the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"<h1>Overview and installation</h1><p>Note: the information on this site was copied from an optical medium publication.</p><p>Although all data and software published on this CD-ROM have been used by the USGS, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related materials&nbsp;and/or the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of this data, software, or related materials.&nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p>This CD-ROM has been produced in accordance with the ISO 9660 CD- ROM Standard and is therefore capable of being read on any computing platform that has appropriate CD-ROM driver software&nbsp;installed.&nbsp; However, the access software used on the disc currently executes only under DOS on IBM or compatible personal computers.</p><p>OVERVIEW</p><p>This CD-ROM contains gridded geophysical data, images generated from the data, software for displaying and analyzing the images, software for processing potential-field (gravity and magnetic) geophysical data, and documentation files that describe the data and software.&nbsp; The gridded data include gamma-ray data (uranium, thorium, and potassium channels), Bouguer gravity data, isostatic residual gravity data, aeromagnetic anomalies, topography, and topography with bathymetry.&nbsp; These data are available in ASCII format under the ASCII directory.&nbsp; This publication contains only data from the conterminous United States.</p><p>The images on this CD-ROM include graytone and color images of each gridded data set, color shaded-relief images of the potential-field and topographic data, color composite images of the gamma-ray data, and color composite images of potential-field data painted on shaded and edge-enhanced topography.&nbsp; These images are 8-bit data and can be imported for viewing by many different software packages, but the color display tables are only designed for DOS computers and displays.&nbsp; The display and analysis software includes the ability to register images with geographic and geologic overlays, generate three-color composite images for display on a super VGA video system, generate perspective view images, and analyze images in five dimensions.</p><p>The potential-field software on this CD-ROM can be used to extract subsets of the geophysical data, process them, and display them as images or contour maps.&nbsp; The software can also be used to generate gridded data from point data, generate profiles from grids, and generate geological models from gridded or profile data.&nbsp; This software is written in FORTRAN and, with minor modifications, can be adapted to a variety of computer systems.</p><p>The documentation files reside under the directory DOSMENU\\DOCFILES and are named with a suffix of DOC.&nbsp; This directory also contains a WordPerfect 5.1 file (CDROM.WPS) that contains all of the documentation.</p><p>This CD-ROM is released in the Digital Data Series of CD-ROM's produced by the U.S. Geological Survey.&nbsp; This new publication series is intended to improve distribution of important earth science information to the public.&nbsp; The disc contains the results &nbsp;of work performed by the U.S. Geological Survey.</p><p>INSTALLATION</p><p>If you have not already done so, run the INSTALL program by making the CD-ROM drive the active drive and typing INSTALL followed by pressing the  key.&nbsp; Follow the instructions printed on the screen.&nbsp; When the INSTALL program is finished, it will invoke the national geophysics (NATGP) menu program, and you will see a menu of your options.</p><p>If you have previously run the INSTALL program and you have added C:\\ to the PATH statement in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, run the menu program directly by typing NATGP followed by pressing the &nbsp;key.&nbsp; If C:\\ is not in your search path, you will have to type C:\\NATGP followed by pressing the  key.&nbsp; A menu of your options will appear on the screen.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds9","issn":"1088-1018","isbn":"0607624264","usgsCitation":"Phillips, J.D., Duval, J.S., and Ambroziak, R.A., 1993, National geophysical data grids; gamma-ray, gravity, magnetic, and topographic data for the conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 9, 1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds9.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":425608,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/009/ds9.zip","size":"290 MB","linkFileType":{"id":6,"text":"zip"}},{"id":425659,"rank":3,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/009/readme.txt","text":"Read Me","size":"4.00 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":139763,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,24.5 ], [ -125,49 ], [ -67,49 ], [ -67,24.5 ], [ -125,24.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, Jeffrey D. 0000-0002-6459-2821 jeff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6459-2821","contributorId":1572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ambroziak, Russell A.","contributorId":73585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ambroziak","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008,"text":"wsp2396 - 1993 - Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18103,"text":"ofr91535 - 1992 - Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"ofr91535","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1008,"text":"wsp2396 - 1993 - Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"wsp2396","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:16","indexId":"wsp2396","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2396","title":"Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"The occurrence of selenium in agricultural drain water in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California, has focused concern on strategies for managing shallow, saline ground water. To assess alternatives to agricultural drains, a three-dimensional, finite-difference numerical model of the regional groundwater flow system was developed. This report documents the mathematical approach used to model the flow system, the data base on which the model is based, and the methods used to calibrate the model. \r\n\r\nThe 550-square-mile study area includes parts of the Panoche Creek alluvial fan and parts of the Little Panoche Creek and Cantua Creek alluvial fans. The model simulates transient flow in the semiconfined and confined zones above and below the Corcoran Clay Member of the Tulare Formation of Pleistocene age. The model incorporates areally distributed ground-water recharge, areally and vertically distributed pumping, regional-collector drains in the Wesdands Water District (operative from 1980 to 1985), on-farm drains in parts of the Panoche, Broadview, and Firebaugh Water Districts, and bare-soil evaporation (which occurs if the water table is within 7 feet of land surface). \r\n\r\nThe model also incorporates texture-based estimates of hydraulic conductivity, where texture is defined as the fraction of coarse-grained deposits present in a given subsurface interval. The numerical model was developed using hydrologic data from 1972 to 1988. Most of the parameters incorporated into the model were evaluated independently of the model, including system geometry, the distribution of texture, the altitudes of the water table and potentiometric surface of the confined zone in 1972 (initial condition), the hydraulic conductivity of coarse-grained deposits derived from the Coast Ranges, the hydraulic conductivity of coarse-grained deposits derived from the Sierra Nevada, specific storage, recharge, pumping, and parameters needed to incorporate drains and bare-soil evaporation. Four parameters were calibration variables: the hydraulic conductivity of fine-grained deposits in the semiconfined zone, the hydraulic conductivity of the Corcoran Clay Member, specific yield, and the transmissivity of the confined zone. \r\n\r\nThe model was calibrated in two phases. In the first phase, a steady-state model of the ground-water flow system in 1984 was used to constrain the relation between the hydraulic conductivity of fine-grained deposits in the semiconfined zone and the hydraulic conductivity of the Corcoran Clay Member, thus reducing the number of independent variables from four to three. In the second phase of calibration, the change in altitude of the water table from 1972 to 1984, the change in altitude of the potentiometric surface of the confined zone from 1972 to 1984, and the number of model cells subject to bare-soil evaporation from 1972 to 1988 were used to evaluate the remaining three variables. \r\n\r\nThe calibrated model reproduces the average change in water-table altitude (1972-84) to within 0.4 foot (average measured change 11.5 feet) and the average change in confined zone head (1972- 84) to within 19 feet (average measured change 120 feet). The simulated time-series record of the total number of model cells subject to bare-soil evaporation (each cell is 1 mile square) is within the range of the measured data. The measured values are at a minimum in October and a maximum in July. The October values ranged from 103 in 1972 to 132 in 1984 (the drains were closed in 1985) to 151 in 1988. The July values ranged from 144 in 1973 to 198 in 1984, to 204 in 1988. The simulated values ranged from 103 in 1972 to 161 in 1984, to 208 in 1988.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2396","usgsCitation":"Belitz, K., Phillips, S.P., and Gronberg, J., 1993, Numerical simulation of ground-water flow in the central part of the western San Joaquin Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2396, vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2396.","productDescription":"vi, 69 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2396/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":25588,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2396/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69680d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Steven P. 0000-0002-5107-868X sphillip@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5107-868X","contributorId":1506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Steven","email":"sphillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":143014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, Jo Ann M.","contributorId":18342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"Jo Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":143015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4360,"text":"cir1098 - 1993 - Nonfuel mineral resources in the United States-Mexico border region: A progress report on information available from the Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-05T22:15:43.399766","indexId":"cir1098","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1098","title":"Nonfuel mineral resources in the United States-Mexico border region: A progress report on information available from the Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI)","docAbstract":"The exploitation of minerals has played a significant role in population growth and development of the U.S.Mexico border region. Recent proposed changes in regulations related to mining in the United States and changes in mining and investment regulations in Mexico have led to increased mineral exploration and development in Mexico, especially in the border region. As a preliminary step in the study of the mineral industry of this area, the Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI) of the U.S. Geological Survey has compiled mine and occurrence data for nonfuel minerals in the border region. Analysis of this information indicates that a wide variety of metallic and industrial mineral commodities are present which can be used in agriculture, infrastructure, environmental improvement, and other industries. Therefore, mining will continue to play a significant role in the economy of this region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1098","usgsCitation":"Orris, G., Page, N., Staude, J.G., Bolm, K.S., Carbonaro, M., Gray, F., and Long, K.R., 1993, Nonfuel mineral resources in the United States-Mexico border region: A progress report on information available from the Center for Inter-American Mineral Resource Investigations (CIMRI): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1098, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1098.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":410081,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_24053.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":31470,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.91009946156788,\n              26.907835156433137\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.1986169545408,\n              30.641812561431863\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.74409078908229,\n              31.11367317665197\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.93959746743576,\n              32.576202414650666\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.43028494720295,\n              33.15136247268153\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.54243488511841,\n              33.1998099293596\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.13043950297222,\n              31.810148470759955\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.69991538227075,\n              32.03923013800653\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.02754548303841,\n              30.73077093484781\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.3936499701594,\n              30.527050166496366\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.32081916925426,\n              28.6319109506357\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.32239808299948,\n              28.624813990205013\n            ],\n            [\n              -99.75809903043722,\n              25.67025583584295\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.77686812256644,\n              24.89705781739822\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.91009946156788,\n              26.907835156433137\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697093","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orris, G. J.","contributorId":80252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, N.J.","contributorId":38125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"N.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Staude, J. G.","contributorId":22754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staude","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bolm, K. S.","contributorId":97079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolm","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carbonaro, M. M.","contributorId":46502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carbonaro","given":"M. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":148941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Long, K. R.","contributorId":94658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":2319,"text":"wsp2386 - 1993 - Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20141,"text":"ofr89271 - 1991 - Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","indexId":"ofr89271","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2319,"text":"wsp2386 - 1993 - Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","indexId":"wsp2386","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2386","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2386","title":"Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85","docAbstract":"The movement of water and tritium through the unsaturated zone was studied at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Bureau County, Illinois, from 1981 to 1985. Water and tritium movement occurred in an annual, seasonally timed cycle; recharge to the saturated zone generally occurred in the spring and early summer. Mean annual precipitation (1982-85) was 871 mm (millimeters); mean annual recharge to the disposal trenches (July 1982 through June 1984) was estimated to be 107 mm. Average annual tritium flux below the study trenches was estimated to be 3.4 mCi/yr (millicuries per year). Site geology, climate, and waste-disposal practices influenced the spatial and temporal variability of water and tritium movement. Of the components of the water budget, evapotranspiration contributed most to the temporal variability of water and tritium movement. \r\n\r\nDisposal trenches are constructed in complexly layered glacial and postglacial deposits that average 17 m (meters) in thickness and overlie a thick sequence of Pennsylvanian shale. The horizontal saturated hydraulic conductivity of the clayey-silt to sand-sized glacial and postglacial deposits ranges from 4.8x10 -1 to 3.4x10 4 mm/d (millimeters per day). \r\n\r\nA 120-m-long horizontal tunnel provided access for hydrologic measurements and collection of sediment and water samples from the unsaturated and saturated geologic deposits below four disposal trenches. Trench-cover and subtrench deposits were monitored with soil-moisture tensiometers, vacuum and gravity lysimeters, piezometers, and a nuclear soil-moisture gage. A cross-sectional, numerical ground-water-flow model was used to simulate water movement in the variably saturated geologic deposits in the tunnel area. Concurrent studies at the site provided water-budget data for estimating recharge to the disposal trenches. \r\n\r\nVertical water movement directly above the trenches was impeded by a zone of compaction within the clayey-silt trench covers. Water entered the trenches primarily at the trench edges where the compacted zone was absent and the cover was relatively thin. Collapse holes in the trench covers that resulted from inadequate compaction of wastes within the trenches provided additional preferential pathways for surface-water drainage into the trenches; drainage into one collapse hole during a rainstorm was estimated to be 1,700 L (liters). Till deposits near trench bases induced lateral water and tritium movement. Limited temporal variation in water movement and small flow gradients (relative to the till deposits) were detected in the unsaturated subtrench sand deposit; maximum gradients during the spring recharge period averaged 1.62 mm/mm (millimeter per millimeter). Time-of-travel of water moving from the trench covers to below the trenches was estimated to be as rapid as 41 days (assuming individual water molecules move this distance in one recharge cycle). \r\n\r\nTritium concentrations in water from the unsaturated zone ranged from 200 (background) to 10,000,000 pCi/L (picocuries per liter). Tritium concentrations generally were higher below trench bases (averaging 91,000 pCi/L) than below intertrench sediments (averaging 3,300 pCi/L), and in the subtrench Toulon Member of the Glasford Formation (sand) (averaging 110,000 pCi/L) than in the Hulick Till Member of the Glasford Formation (clayey silt) (averaging 59,000 pCi/L). Average subtrench tritium concentration increased from 28,000 to 100,000 pCi/L during the study period. Within the trench covers, there was a strong seasonal trend in tritium concentrations; the highest concentrations occurred in late summer when soil-moisture contents were at a minimum. Subtrench tritium movement occurred in association with the annual cycle of water movement, as well as independently of the cycle, in apparent response to continuous water movement through the subtrench sand deposits and to the deterioration of trench-waste containers. \r\n\r\nThe increase in concen","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Book and Open-File Report Sales [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wsp2386","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., and Healy, R.W., 1993, Water and tritium movement through the unsaturated zone at a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois, 1981-85: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2386, vi, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2386.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":137562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2386/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":28159,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2386/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fa705","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, P.C. pcmills@usgs.gov","contributorId":3810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P.C.","email":"pcmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Healy, Richard W. 0000-0002-0224-1858 rwhealy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0224-1858","contributorId":658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"Richard","email":"rwhealy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":145007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4483,"text":"cir1120B - 1993 - Precipitation in the upper Mississippi River basin, January 1 through July 31, 1993","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T12:36:14","indexId":"cir1120B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1120","chapter":"B","title":"Precipitation in the upper Mississippi River basin, January 1 through July 31, 1993","docAbstract":"Excessive precipitation produced severe flooding in a nine-State area in the upper Mississippi River Basin during spring and summer 1993. Following a spring that was wetter than average, weather patterns that persisted from early June through July caused the upper Midwest to be deluged with an unusually large amount of rainfall. Monthly precipitation data were examined at 10 weather-station locations in the flood-affected region to illustrate precipitation patterns and amounts in the flood-affected area. In 1993, all 10 of the selected locations received greater than the normal rainfall for January through June 1961-90, 8 of the 10 locations received more than 200 percent of the normal rainfall for July 1961-90, and 3 received more than 400 percent of the normal rainfall for July. (The average rainfall for any given 30-year period is termed the 'normal' rainfall for the given period.) May through July 1993 was the wettest or nearly the wettest such period on record at many locations in the flooded area. Of the 10 locations, 6 received more rainfall in the first 7 months of 1993 than generally is received in a year.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1120B","usgsCitation":"Wahl, K.L., Vining, K.C., and Wiche, G.J., 1993, Precipitation in the upper Mississippi River basin, January 1 through July 31, 1993: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1120, v, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1120B.","productDescription":"v, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124373,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1120_B.bmp"},{"id":528,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/circ1120-b","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad1e4b07f02db680e2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wahl, Kenneth L.","contributorId":61024,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wahl","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vining, Kevin C. 0000-0001-5738-3872 kcvining@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-3872","contributorId":308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vining","given":"Kevin","email":"kcvining@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiche, Gregg J. gjwiche@usgs.gov","contributorId":1675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"Gregg","email":"gjwiche@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":149315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4265,"text":"cir1088 - 1993 - The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geochemical, remote sensing, and mineral resources maps of the Butte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T12:12:24","indexId":"cir1088","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1088","title":"The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geochemical, remote sensing, and mineral resources maps of the Butte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"The Butte 1?x2 ? quadrangle in west-central Montana was investigated as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). These investigations included geologic mapping, geochemical surveys, gravity and aeromagnetic surveys, examinations of mineral deposits, and specialized geochronologic and remote-sensing studies. The data collected during these studies were compiled, combined with available published and unpublished data, analyzed, and used in a mineral-resource assessment of the quadrangle. The results, including data, interpretations, and mineral-resource assessments for nine types of mineral deposits, are published separately as a folio of maps. These maps are accompanied by figures, tables, and explanatory text. This circular provides background information on the Butte quadrangle, summarizes the studies and published maps, and lists a selected bibliography of references pertinent to the geology, geochemistry, geophysics, and mineral resources of the quadrangle. \r\n\r\nThe Butte quadrangle, which includes the world-famous Butte mining district, has a long history of mineral production. Many mining districts within the quadrangle have produced large quantities of many commodities; the most important in dollar value of production were copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, and phosphate. At present, mines at several locations produce copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, lead, zinc, and phosphate. Exploration, mainly for gold, has indicated the presence of other mineral deposits that may be exploited in the future. The results of the investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey indicate that many areas of the quadrangle are highly favorable for the occurrence of additional undiscovered resources of gold, silver, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, and other metals in several deposit types.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1088","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J., Trautwein, C., Wallace, C.A., Lee, G.K., Rowan, L.C., and Hanna, W.F., 1993, The Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program; background information to accompany folio of geologic, geochemical, remote sensing, and mineral resources maps of the Butte 1 degree x 2 degrees Quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1088, iii, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1088.","productDescription":"iii, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31377,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":120859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1993/1088/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67ecb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, James E.","contributorId":15595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"James E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wallace, C. A.","contributorId":15596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lee, G. K.","contributorId":76722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":2694,"text":"wsp2395 - 1993 - Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20919,"text":"ofr91487 - 1992 - Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries","indexId":"ofr91487","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2694,"text":"wsp2395 - 1993 - Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries","indexId":"wsp2395","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T12:52:19","indexId":"wsp2395","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2395","title":"Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries","docAbstract":"<p>Discharge measurement of large rivers and estuaries is difficult, time consuming, and sometimes dangerous. Frequently, discharge measurements cannot be made in tide-affected rivers and estuaries using conventional discharge-measurement techniques because of dynamic discharge conditions. The acoustic Doppler discharge-measurement system (ADDMS) was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey using a vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler coupled with specialized computer software to measure horizontal water velocity at 1-meter vertical intervals in the water column. The system computes discharge from water-and vessel-velocity data supplied by the ADDMS using vector-algebra algorithms included in the discharge-measurement software. With this system, a discharge measurement can be obtained by engaging the computer software and traversing a river or estuary from bank to bank; discharge in parts of the river or estuarine cross sections that cannot be measured because of ADDMS depth limitations are estimated by the system. Comparisons of ADDMS-measured discharges with ultrasonic-velocity-meter-measured discharges, along with error-analysis data, have confirmed that discharges provided by the ADDMS are at least as accurate as those produced using conventional methods. In addition, the advantage of a much shorter measurement time (2 minutes using the ADDMS compared with 1 hour or longer using conventional methods) has enabled use of the ADDMS for several applications where conventional discharge methods could not have been used with the required accuracy because of dynamic discharge conditions.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2395","usgsCitation":"Simpson, M.R., and Oltmann, R.N., 1993, Discharge-measurement system using an acoustic Doppler current profiler with applications to large rivers and estuaries: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2395, iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2395.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13683,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/wsp2395/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a36d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simpson, Michael R.","contributorId":90704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oltmann, Richard N.","contributorId":63377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltmann","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":4697,"text":"twri03A20 - 1993 - Simulation of soluble waste transport and buildup in surface waters using tracers","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19638,"text":"ofr92457 - 1992 - Simulation of soluble waste transport and buildup in surface waters using tracers","indexId":"ofr92457","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of soluble waste transport and buildup in surface waters using tracers"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4697,"text":"twri03A20 - 1993 - Simulation of soluble waste transport and buildup in surface waters using tracers","indexId":"twri03A20","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Simulation of soluble waste transport and buildup in surface waters using tracers"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:31","indexId":"twri03A20","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-A20","title":"Simulation of soluble waste transport and buildup in surface waters using tracers","docAbstract":"Soluble tracers can be used to simulate the transport and dispersion of soluble wastes that might have been introduced or are planned for introduction into surface waters. Measured tracer-response curves produced from the injection of a known quantity of soluble tracer can be used in conjunction with the superposition principle to simulate potential waste buildup in streams, lakes, and estuaries. Such information is particularly valuable to environmental and water-resource planners in determining the effects of proposed waste discharges.\r\nThe theory, techniques, analysis, and presentation of results of tracer-waste simulation tests in rivers, lakes, and estuaries are described. This manual builds on other manuals dealing with dye tracing by emphasizing the expanded use of data from time-of-travel studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution,","doi":"10.3133/twri03A20","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Kilpatrick, F.A., 1993, Simulation of soluble waste transport and buildup in surface waters using tracers: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-A20, xi, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03A20.","productDescription":"xi, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139105,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-a20/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b5e4b07f02db5cb61b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kilpatrick, F. A.","contributorId":22319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4898,"text":"ds10 - 1993 - Modern average global sea-surface temperature","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:48","indexId":"ds10","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"10","title":"Modern average global sea-surface temperature","docAbstract":"The data contained in this data set are derived from the NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Multichannel Sea Surface Temperature data (AVHRR MCSST), which are obtainable from the Distributed Active Archive Center at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, Calif. The JPL tapes contain weekly images of SST from October 1981 through December 1990 in nine regions of the world ocean: North Atlantic, Eastern North Atlantic, South Atlantic, Agulhas, Indian, Southeast Pacific, Southwest Pacific, Northeast Pacific, and Northwest Pacific. \r\nThis data set represents the results of calculations carried out on the NOAA data and also contains the source code of the programs that made the calculations. The objective was to derive the average sea-surface temperature of each month and week throughout the whole 10-year series, meaning, for example, that data from January of each year would be averaged together. The result is 12 monthly and 52 weekly images for each of the oceanic regions. Averaging the images in this way tends to reduce the number of grid cells that lack valid data and to suppress interannual variability.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ds10","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"Schweitzer, P.N., 1993, Modern average global sea-surface temperature: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 10, 1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in. +1 manual (25 leaves ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ds10.","productDescription":"1 computer laser optical disc :col. ;4 3/4 in. +1 manual (25 leaves ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":646,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://geochange.er.usgs.gov/pub/magsst/magsst.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":139865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db699638","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schweitzer, Peter N. pschweitzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":5905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweitzer","given":"Peter","email":"pschweitzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4917,"text":"twri06A3 - 1993 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":21165,"text":"ofr90194 - 1992 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual","indexId":"ofr90194","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems; Part 1, Model description and user's manual"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4917,"text":"twri06A3 - 1993 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","indexId":"twri06A3","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"twri06A3","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"06-A3","title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual","docAbstract":"A MODular, Finite-Element digital-computer program (MODFE) was developed to simulate steady or unsteady-state, two-dimensional or axisymmetric ground-water flow. Geometric- and hydrologic-aquifer characteristics in two spatial dimensions are represented by triangular finite elements and linear basis functions; one-dimensional finite elements and linear basis functions represent time. Finite-element matrix equations are solved by the direct symmetric-Doolittle method or the iterative modified, incomplete-Cholesky, conjugate-gradient method. Physical processes that can be represented by the model include (1) confined flow, unconfined flow (using the Dupuit approximation), or a combination of both; (2) leakage through either rigid or elastic confining beds; (3) specified recharge or discharge at points, along lines, and over areas; (4) flow across specified-flow, specified-head, or bead-dependent boundaries; (5) decrease of aquifer thickness to zero under extreme water-table decline and increase of aquifer thickness from zero as the water table rises; and (6) head-dependent fluxes from springs, drainage wells, leakage across riverbeds or confining beds combined with aquifer dewatering, and evapotranspiration.\r\nThe report describes procedures for applying MODFE to ground-water-flow problems, simulation capabilities, and data preparation. Guidelines for designing the finite-element mesh and for node numbering and determining band widths are given. Tables are given that reference simulation capabilities to specific versions of MODFE. Examples of data input and model output for different versions of MODFE are provided.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/twri06A3","usgsCitation":"Torak, L., 1993, A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 1: Model Description and User's Manual: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A3, USGS-TWRI book 6, chap. A3. 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri06A3.","productDescription":"USGS-TWRI book 6, chap. A3. 136 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139604,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":686,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri6a3/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adeb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torak, L.J.","contributorId":87533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Torak","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2687,"text":"wsp2364 - 1993 - Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15987,"text":"ofr87701 - 1988 - Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79","indexId":"ofr87701","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2687,"text":"wsp2364 - 1993 - Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79","indexId":"wsp2364","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-01T11:02:49","indexId":"wsp2364","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2364","title":"Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79","docAbstract":"Data collected at 152 sampling sites during 1970-79 were used to characterize fluvial sediment in North Carolina streams. On the basis of predominant land use in individual basins, sites were categorized into one of five groups: forested (7 sites), forested and affected by minor development (7 sites), rural affected by agriculture (83 sites), rural affected by nonagricultural activities (38 sites), and urban (17 sites). Results of >13,000 suspended sediment samples collected during the study were used to determine sediment yield, sediment discharge, concentrations, and other site and basin characteristics. Fluvial sediment characteristics, such as yields, are regionalized, with lower values occurring in the Coastal Plain Province. Statewide, when compared by predominant land use, minimum annual yields occur in forested basins and range from 5-88 tons/sq mi; ratios of average annual yields for forested, rural-agricultural, and urban sites in the Piedmont Province are approximately 1:6:14, respectively. During high flow (0.1% flow duration) in Piedmont basins, the mean suspended sediment concentration for large urban streams is about 1,600 mg/L as compared with 870 mg/L for rural-agricultural sites and 100 mg/L for forested sites. Maximum sediment yields of rural-agricultural basins occur in predominantly clay soil areas of the western Piedmont, with annual values of as much as 470 tons/sq mi, whereas minimum yields as small as 7 tons/sq mi occur in the sandy soil of the Coastal Plain Province. Considerable amounts of fluvial sediment are deposited on flood plains and streambeds as major rivers flow from the rolling Piedmont Province into the flat Coastal Plain Province. For example, >130,000 tons are deposited annually in an 85 mi stretch of the Neuse River between stations at Smithfield and Kinston. Mathematical relations were developed for estimating suspended sediment transport characteristics at unmeasured rural-agricultural sites and urban sites in the Piedmont. Correlation coefficients for the relations range from 0.75 to 0.98, and standard errors of estimate range from 25% to 74%. The best single-variable equation used log-transformed values of drainage area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O.,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2364","usgsCitation":"Simmons, C.E., 1993, Sediment characteristics of North Carolina streams, 1970-79: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2364, vi, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2364.","productDescription":"vi, 84 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":138800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2364/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":29044,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2364/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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,{"id":60720,"text":"mf2218 - 1993 - Logs of exploratory trenches through liquefaction features on late Quaternary terraces in the Obion River Valley, northwestern Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-04T21:26:48.77658","indexId":"mf2218","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2218","title":"Logs of exploratory trenches through liquefaction features on late Quaternary terraces in the Obion River Valley, northwestern Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>From December 1811 to February 1812, four large earthquakes (m<sub>b</sub>≥7.0) occurred in the New Madrid (Missouri) Seismic Zone (NMSZ). These have been the largest historical earthquakes in eastern North America. Although this area has been the focus of considerable seismological research, estimates of the repeat time of large-magnitude seismic events remain poorly constrained. Past estimates were primarily based on earthquake-frequency statistics and on paleoseismology studies. Johnston and Nava (1985) compiled historical seismicity data covering about 180 years and instrumental data covering 10 years, and they concluded that the repeat time for large-magnitude events (m<sub>b</sub>≥7.0) is between 500 and 1,100 yrs. However, this estimate is based on assumptions that the data set is representative of the seismicity of the region over the past 1,000 yrs, and that the relation between earthquake frequency and magnitude is constant (Johnston and Nava, 1985). Because these assumptions cannot be verified, this estimated recurrence interval of 550-1,100 hrs must be considered tentative (S. G. Wesnousky and L. M. Leffler, written commun., 1991). Investigation of exploratory trenches across the Reelfoot scarp in northwestern Tennessee documented the only unequivocal Holocene surface faulting in the upper Mississippi embayment (Russ and others, 1978; Russ, 1979). Fluvial sediment younger than about 2,250 yrs old is faulted, and the net vertical displacement is more than 3 m. Stratigraphic relations indicate at least two episodes of faulting occurred between about 2,250 yr B.P. and the 1811-12 events to estimate an average recurrence interval of less than 600 yrs for large-magnitude earthquakes in the NMSZ. However, inasmuch as Russ (1970) found no evidence for any historical offset on the Reelfoot scarp, the relation between the Reelfoot scarp and large paleoeartchquakes in the NMSZ has not been clearly established. The development of widespread liquefaction features suring the 1811-12 earthquake series (Obermeier, 1989, Obermeier and others, 1990) and the probably development of similar features during previous large-magnitude seismic events (m<sub>b</sub>≥6.2, Nuttli, 1982) have been the basis for several attempts to document the history of paleoliquefaction. Haller and Crone (1986) found evidence of only one episode of sand-blow development in exploratory trenches in late Pleistocene alluvium in eastern Arkansas and concluded that this liquefaction event was probably associated with the 1811-12 earthquake series. Saucier (1989) reported evidence of three liquefaction events in the past approximately 1,000 yrs in an exploratory trench in eastern Arkansas. On the basis of the apparent absence of post-depositional erosion separating the three sand-blow deposits, Saucier (1989) concluded that they formed in a relatively short period of time, probably during the 1811-12 earthquake series. Similarly, Schweig and Marple (1991) found evidence of only recent (probably 1811-12) liquefaction in exploratory trenched on late Wisconsin braided-stream deposits in southeastern Missouri. Leffler and Wesnousky (1991) and Wesnousky and Leffler (written commun., 1991) examined tens of kilometers of recently excavated drainage ditches in late Wisconsin braided-stream deposits in eastern Arkansas and found no evidence for prehistorical liquefaction events during the last 10,000 yrs. In contrast, Saucier (1991) estimated an average recurrence interval about 470 yrs on the basis of historical ages of liquefaction in the NMSZ. The lack of similar evidence from other sites implies a prehistorical liquefaction-producing seismic event in southeastern Missouri that was considerably smaller than the 1811-12 earthquake series. The apparent absence of paleoliquefaction features in late Wisconsin fluvial deposits in the zone of most intense 1811-12 liquefaction indicates that the repeat time of large (m<sub>b</sub>≥7.0) seismic events in the NMSZ is at least 10,000 yrs (Saucier, 1991; Wesnousky and Leffler, written commun., 1991). The present study was undertaken to verify this conclusion by documenting the record of liquefaction in late Wisconsin fluvial deposits along the Obion River, in northwestern Tennessee, This region was identified by Obermeier (1989) as an area deserving further study because of its proximity to the NMSZ and to areas of historical liquefaction.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf2218","usgsCitation":"Rodbell, D.T., and Bradley, L., 1993, Logs of exploratory trenches through liquefaction features on late Quaternary terraces in the Obion River Valley, northwestern Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2218, 2 Plates: 54.39 x 38.60 inches and 48.02 x 36.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2218.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 54.39 x 38.60 inches and 48.02 x 36.57 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":284450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2218/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":284449,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2218/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/mf2218.jpg"},{"id":489667,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5853.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Obion River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.3794,\n              36.2117\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3794,\n              36.1531\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1808,\n              36.1531\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.1808,\n              36.2117\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3794,\n              36.2117\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd64f3e4b0b290850ffc52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodbell, Donald T.","contributorId":50404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodbell","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":264290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Lee-Ann bradley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Lee-Ann","email":"bradley@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":264289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":64535,"text":"i2091A - 1993 - Map showing sediment isopachs in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific Continental Margin, Strait of Juan de Fuca to Cape Mendocino","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:58","indexId":"i2091A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2091","chapter":"A","title":"Map showing sediment isopachs in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific Continental Margin, Strait of Juan de Fuca to Cape Mendocino","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a series of cruises, EEZSCAN 84 (EEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986), to collect reconnaissance data on the newly proclaimed Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the area out to 200 nautical miles from the coastline of the United States. The cruises systematically surveyed the entire conterminous United States west coast EEZ using the Geological Long-Range Inclined Asdic (GLORIA) side-scan sonar, a 160-in<sup>3</sup> airgun seismic-reflection profiler, a 3.5-kHz high-resolution seismic-reflection profiler, a 10-kHz echo sounder, and a proton-precession magnetometer. The nominal trackline spacing throughout the survey was 30 km.\nDerivative maps of sediment thickness (I-2089-A, I-2090-A, I-2091-A) and depth to basement (I-2089-B, I-2090-B, I-2091-B) in the basins of the west coast EEZ were compiled from both the sonar-image dala and the deep-penetration seismic data obtained on these cruises. Only EEZ-SCAN 84 data were used for the map compilations because available data from other cruises in this region are sparsely located, have poor navigational control, or were obtained with seismic systems that were not powerful enough to resolve oceanic basement. For this map series, sediment thickness and depth to basement were determined only in the deep-ocean basin regions because the seismic system used on the EEZ-SCAN 84 cruises could not resolve oceanic basement beneath the thick sediments of the continental slope. All the data used to compile the maps are presented in the \"Atlas of the Exclusive Economic Zone, Western Conterminous United States\" (EEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986).\nBasement Outcrops\nGLORIA imagery was used to locate areas of basement outcrop throughout the region. Where possible, sediment thickness on and immediately adjacent to basement outcrops was measured from seismic data. Where there was no bathymetric or seismic control, a seamount peak was assumed to have no sediment cover. A pattern is used on the map to indicate all basement outcrops.\nData Reduction\nAcoustic basement in the basins, invariably oceanic Layer 2, was observed on all of the seismic records. One-way traveltime was measured from the sea floor to acoustic basement. Because the trackline spacing of about 30 km is relatively large compared to the data density along track, we chose to measure the sediment thickness every 0.5 hour or at an interval of approximately 7.5 km. Water depth was measured with a 10-kHz profiler. Depth to basement was calculated using the sea surface as the zero datum and adding the corrected water depth (Carter, 1980) to the sediment thickness. Acoustic travel times were converted to depths by first calculating a regression equation from the interval velocity versus depth data of Connard and others (1984). Their data base comprises a compilation of all available Deep Sea Drilling Project data plus wide-angle refraction data, which were collected in Cascadia Basin west of Oregon and represents the best data set available for the United States west coast EEZ. The regression equation was integrated to determine sediment thickness as a function of one-way traveltime . The resulting equation is\nz = 1400t + 0 .5t<sup>2</sup>\nwhere z is sediment thickness in meters, and t is one-way traveltime in seconds. Sediment thicknesses calculated using this equation were compared to values calculated from the general equation of Carlson and others (1986). Values for sediment thickness calculated by the two equations differed by no greater than 10 percent throughout the range of travel times.\nBathymetry\nThe bathymetry is from Chase and others (1981). The bathymetric data were compiled from a variety of sources, and data quality is inconsistent. Because of differences in navigational precision and density of coverage, the bathymetric contours of a feature may be at a different location than the corresponding isopleths derived from the EEZ-SCAN 84 data, or a feature may not be indicated on the bathymetry at all. These situations occur because either the feature is poorly located in the bathymetric data set or, especially in the outer EEZ, the bathymetric data are too sparse to have defined the existence of a feature.\nAcknowledgments\nTopographic digital data bases were corrected and verified by Christina Lief. Gerald Evenden developed the computer software system MAPGEN, used to compose this map. Reviews, suggestions, and technical contributions from Edward C. Escowitz and Florence Wong and advice about cartographic design from Will Stettner substantially improved the quality of this map.\nReferences Cited\nCarlson, R.L., Gangi, A.F., and Snow, K.R., 1986, Empirical reflection-traveltime/ depth and velocity/depth functions for the deep-sea sediment column: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 91, no. B8, p. 8249-8266.\nCarter, D.J.T., 1980, Echo-sounding correction tables: Taunton, United Kingdom, Hydrographic Department, Ministry of Defence, 150 p.\nChase, T.E., Wilde, Pat, Normark, W.R, Miller, C.P., Seekins, B.A., and Young, J.D., 1981, Offshore topography of the Western United States between 32&deg; and 49&deg; North latitudes: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-443, scale 1:864,518 at 38&deg; latitude, 2 sheets.\nConnard, G., Couch, R., Keeling , K., Roy, J., and Troseth, S., 1984, Abyssal plain and continental net-objective sedimentary thicknesses, in Kulm, L.D., and others, eds., Western North America continental margin and adjacent ocean floor off Oregon and Washington, Atlas 1 of Regional Atlas Series, Ocean Margin Drilling Program: Woods Hole, Mass., Marine Science International, sheet 7.\nEEZ-SCAN 84 Scientific Staff, 1986, Atlas of the Exclusive Economic Zone, Western Conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series I-1792, scale 1:500,000, 152 p.\nSee Also\n\"U.S. Pacific West Coast Field Activities\" (Paskevich and others, 2011; http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/htmldocs/pc/pc_overview.html).\nPaskevich, V.F., Wong, F.L., O?Malley, J.J., Stevenson, A.J., and Gutmacher, C.E., 2011, GLORIA sidescan-sonar imagery for parts of the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010?1332, available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1332/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i2091A","usgsCitation":"Gardner, J., Cacchione, D., Drake, D., Edwards, B.D., Field, M., Hampton, M.A., Karl, H.A., Kenyon, N.H., Masson, D., McCulloch, D.S., and Grim, M.S., 1993, Map showing sediment isopachs in the deep-sea basins of the Pacific Continental Margin, Strait of Juan de Fuca to Cape Mendocino: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2091, PDF: 39.64 inches x 46.27 inches; 1 map :col. ;100 x 85 cm., on sheet 117 x 105 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i2091A.","productDescription":"PDF: 39.64 inches x 46.27 inches; 1 map :col. ;100 x 85 cm., on sheet 117 x 105 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i_2091_A.jpg"},{"id":94400,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2091/a/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -132,40 ], [ -132,49 ], [ -122,49 ], [ -122,40 ], [ -132,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a251d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gardner, J.V.","contributorId":76705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":271275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, B. D.","contributorId":27056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hampton, M. A.","contributorId":103271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Karl, Herman A.","contributorId":80649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Herman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kenyon, Neil H.","contributorId":89535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kenyon","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Masson, D.G.","contributorId":44160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McCulloch, D. S.","contributorId":78315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCulloch","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Grim, M. S.","contributorId":102884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grim","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":55156,"text":"wdrNE921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Nebraska, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-31T22:23:33.109643","indexId":"wdrNE921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NE-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Nebraska, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wdrNE921","usgsCitation":"Boohar, J., Hoy, C., and Steele, G.V., 1993, Water resources data, Nebraska, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NE-92-1, xxxviii, 340 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNE921.","productDescription":"xxxviii, 340 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,{"id":57209,"text":"ofr93201 - 1993 - Seismic survey of Lake Baikal, Siberia cruise report: RV Balkhash 25 August to 25 September 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-29T13:54:00.746499","indexId":"ofr93201","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-201","title":"Seismic survey of Lake Baikal, Siberia cruise report: RV Balkhash 25 August to 25 September 1992","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1><p>A comprehensive multichannel seismic-reflection (MCS) and ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) seismic-refraction survey of Lake Baikal, Siberia was undertaken during August-September 1992 as a collaborative research project by U.S. and Russian scientists. This project was supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Russian Academy of Sciences. Over 2200 km of multichannel seismic-reflection data on 42 profiles and over 500 km of seismic-refraction data on 4 OBS profiles were acquired during this study. On board seismic processing facilities were utilized for quality control and demultiplexing of seismic data during the cruise. Lost survey time due to weather was about 7 days, but most planned seismic profiling was completed, including the reshooting of profiles where necessary. This seismic study was carried out on two vessels, the RV BALKHASH for MCS work and the TITOV for OBS deployments. This report summarizes the general seismic program and the operations on the BALKHASH. Operations on the TITOV are summarized in a companion report by tenBrink and others. A detailed description of the logistical and technical aspects of the seismic program, including all seismic systems, is given in the companion report by Nichols and others.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr93201","usgsCitation":"Klitgord, K.D., Golmshtok, A., Scholz, C., Akentiev, L., Nichols, D., Schneider, C., McGill, J., Foster, D., and Unger, J.D., 1993, Seismic survey of Lake Baikal, Siberia cruise report: RV Balkhash 25 August to 25 September 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-201, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr93201.","productDescription":"25 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science 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Program</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 384 Woods Hole Road<br> Woods Hole, MA 02543</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction&nbsp;</li><li>Geologic Setting</li><li>Scientific Objectives</li><li>Field Systems and Field Operations</li><li>Cruise Logs</li><li>Quality Control Summary</li><li>Cruise Summary</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References</li><li><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65e12c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":82307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":256358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Golmshtok, 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,{"id":55101,"text":"wdrWV921 - 1993 - Water resources data, West Virginia, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-19T14:32:17.417249","indexId":"wdrWV921","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WV-92-1","title":"Water resources data, West Virginia, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>Water-resources data for the 1992 water year for West Virginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents of reservoirs; and water levels of observation wells. This report contains discharge records for 82 streamflow-gaging stations; stage only records for 8 gaging stations; annual maximum discharge at 2 crest-stage partial-record stations; change in contents for 1 reservoir; water-quality records for 13 stations; and water-level records for 29 observation wells. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 4 and 5. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not involved in the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in West Virginia.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrWV921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of West Virginia and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Ward, S., Taylor, B., and Mathes, M., 1993, Water resources data, West Virginia, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WV-92-1, xvi, 292 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWV921.","productDescription":"xvi, 292 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181094,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/wv-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":482191,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/wv-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"West 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