There has been increased awareness by both public and scientific communities over mercury contamination of game fish in South Florida. Effective management strategies for dealing with this problem will require a more thorough understanding of the factors and processes that result in the generation and transport of mercury, and control its reactivity in the Everglades. The role of mercury complexation by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) has been proposed by several investigators as a primary mechanism for the transport of mercury in aquatic systems. However, this relationship has been simply proposed based on a strong correlation between dissolved mercury and DOC concentrations in ground, lake and stream waters. Interactions with DOC may be an important process for controlling the transport and bioavailability of mercury.
The issue of carbon reactivity in South Florida is especially relevant due to the high natural production of organic carbon in the peat soils and wetlands, the relatively high carbon content of shallow ground water systems in the region, the interactions of organic matter with mercury, other trace metals, and anthropogenic compounds, accumulation of organic carbon in corals and carbonate precipitates, and the potential changes in the quality and reactivity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) resulting from land use practices. This study will attempt to meet the need to more clearly understand the dynamics of organic matter mercury interactions in the Florida Everglades by focusing research on the effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the transport and reactivity of Hg in the Everglades.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs18696","usgsCitation":"Aiken, G.R., and Reddy, M.M., 1996, Interactions of mercury with dissolved organic carbon in the Florida Everglades: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 186-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs18696.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117000,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0186/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31946,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0186/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-186"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Everglades","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 26.504988828743404\n ],\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 26.504988828743404\n ],\n [\n -81.8206787109375,\n 25.045792240303445\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
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Davie, FL 33314
The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program is an intergovernmental effort to reestablish and maintain the ecosystem of south Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for resource decision making. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is one of the agencies that provides scientific information as part of the South Florida Ecosystem Program (SFEP). The program, which was begun in fiscal year 1995, provides multidisciplinary hydrologic, cartographic, geologic, and biologic data that relate to the mainland of south Florida, the Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys and Reef ecosystems.
A database with established transfer formats, definitions, and spatial registration greatly promotes dissemination of scientific data and information in a cost-effective manner.
Shared databases may help elevate the quality and quantity of available information. By acquiring data from the database, individual users can certify and evaluate data. With appropriate management oversight, this generally leads to improved consistency and increased reliability in the database.
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U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program is an intergovernmental effort, involving a number of agencies, to reestablish and maintain the ecosystem of south Florida. One element of the restoration effort is the development of a firm scientific basis for resource decision making. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), one of the agencies, provides scientific information a part of the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Program (SFEP). The USGS began their own program, called the South Florida Ecosystem Program, in fiscal year 1995 for the purpose of gathering hydrologic, cartographic, geologic, and biologic data that relate to the mainland of south Florida, Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys and Reef ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs15596","usgsCitation":"South Florida Ecosystem Program web site; 1996; FS; 155-96; Geological Survey (U.S.)","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0155/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 27.75\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 27.75\n ],\n [\n -81.87874513277362,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 24.358839683418125\n ],\n [\n -80.00367070894046,\n 27.75\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
Borehole geophysical logging is a procedure to collect and transmit specific information about the geologic formations penetrated by a well by raising and lowering a set of probes or sondes that contain water-tight instruments in the well. The data collected can be used to determine general formation geology, fracture distribution, vertical borehole flow, and water-yielding capabilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs21895","usgsCitation":"Conger, R.W., 1996, Borehole geophysical logging for water-resources investigations in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 218-95, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs21895.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0218/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":552,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1995/0218/fs19950218.pdf","text":"Report","size":"74 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The major issues facing ecosystem restoration and management in south Florida are centered on the availability and distribution of clean, fresh water. Surface water flow modeling studies are an important aspect of the scientific information needs of the ecosystem restoration initiative. Hydrologic models provide much needed predictive capabilities for evaluating options for management of parks, refuges, and lands planned for acquisition, as well as for understanding the impacts of land management practices in surrounding areas. Models must account for the expansive and extremely low relief terrain of south Florida, where surface waters of the natural system are transported by sheet flow from Lake Okeechobee through the Everglades to Florida Bay and the Gulf of Mexico. To model sheet flows, highly accurate elevation data that define the surface topography are required as the most critical input parameter to the Natural Systems Model and other hydrologic models. These data are necessary for calculating water surface slope, depth, velocity, and direction of flow. Hydrologists have stated vertical accuracy requirements of between 3 and 15 centimeters. These accuracy requirements are so stringent, because of the extremely flat terrain, that any standard or other currently available data products would not suffice for this modeling application.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs16296","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, South Florida High-accuracy elevation data collection project: U.S. Geological Survey Fact 1996–162, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs16296.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118357,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0162/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":283,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The embayments and estuaries of Florida's southwest coast are an integral part of the south Florida ecosystem. Nutrients and other constituents are transported to these coastal waters by surface water and ground-water flow from the Everglades National Park (ENP) and the Big Cypress Preserve and by longshore and offshore tidal currents. The coastal area is an essential breeding ground for many estuarine and marine species and is a popular location for wilderness recreational pursuits as well as sport fishing. The volume of flow and the loads of nutrients being discharged from the streams draining the upland areas of ENP and Big Cypress Preserve currently are unknown.
As part of Everglades restoration activities, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers may change the volume or location of water deliveries to the ENP. Such changes could affect the volume or distribution of inflow and associated constituents that are transported into the coastal waters of southwest Florida. Proposals to change water deliveries to the Everglades National Park and efforts to improve the environmental health of Florida Bay cannot be evaluated without some understanding of the hydrologic and water-quality characteristics of tidal rivers and coastal embayments in the region.
The southwest coast of Florida is part of a wilderness area with unique hydraulic characteristics that has historically been described as the \"River of Grass.\" Flat terrain and lack of controlled topographic information has made it difficult to define drainage divides. Low gradients, coupled with tidal effects, create complex conditions under which to measure riverine flow. It has been almost thirty years since any effort has been made to monitor flow characteristics continuously in the area. Significant technological advancements have occurred during this time and this new technology can be applied to help obtain the information needed to make informed decisions about the future of this unique coastal area.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs17996","usgsCitation":"Levesque, V.A., 1996, Water flows and nutrient loads to the southwest coast of Florida—A study: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 179-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs17996.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34074,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0179/fs17996.pdf","text":"Report","size":"62.8 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-179"},{"id":122808,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0179/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.22741699218749,\n 25.06320924418646\n ],\n [\n -80.75225830078124,\n 25.06320924418646\n ],\n [\n -80.75225830078124,\n 25.569697998006646\n ],\n [\n -81.22741699218749,\n 25.569697998006646\n ],\n [\n -81.22741699218749,\n 25.06320924418646\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is involved in mapping and studying land, mineral, biological, and water resources and determining the risk from earthquakes and other natural hazards, which are of importance to the citizens of Pennsylvania. This Fact Sheet describes how the USGS is addressing some of the major environmental issues in Pennsylvania, which include availability of mineral resources; contamination of the environment by hazardous wastes; effects of coal mining, oil and gas production, and agriculture on the environment; nutrient input to streams and estuaries; and adequacy of good-quality water supplies. Information on acquiring the thousands of map, book, and aerial photographic products of the USGS also is given.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs03896","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, U. S. Geological Survey programs in Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 038-96, 1 sheet : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 43 x 28 cm folded to 22 x 28 cm. ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03896.","productDescription":"1 sheet : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 43 x 28 cm folded to 22 x 28 cm. ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ;","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121774,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_038_96.jpg"},{"id":419,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-038-96","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613b22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6930,"text":"fs14096 - 1996 - January 1996 floods deliver large loads of nutrients and sediment to the Chesapeake Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:54:54","indexId":"fs14096","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"140-96","title":"January 1996 floods deliver large loads of nutrients and sediment to the Chesapeake Bay","docAbstract":"The Blizzard of 1996 struck the Mid-Atlantic region in January, depositing a record amount of snowfall. Within two weeks of the paralyzing blizzard, warm and extremely humid air entered the region, followed by a major rainstorm. The combination of warm, humid air and heavy rainfall melted the snow at an unprecedented rate. In just over one day, two to five inches of water from snowmelt combined with two to five inches of rainfall, resulting in widespread major flooding throughout the Mid-Atlantic region, including the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
\nThe January 1996 storm caused severe flooding on many Chesapeake Bay tributaries. As a result of the flooding, large amounts of nutrients and sediment entered the Bay. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitored the amount of streamflow, nutrients, and sediment that entered the Chesapeake Bay as a result of the flood. This information is used to evaluate the effect of hydrologic events of this magnitude on the Bay's health and living resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs14096","usgsCitation":"Zynjuk, L.D., and Majedi, B.F., 1996, January 1996 floods deliver large loads of nutrients and sediment to the Chesapeake Bay: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 140-96, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs14096.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_140_96.jpg"},{"id":708,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/wid/FS_140-96/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 43.43696596521823\n ],\n [\n -73.98193359375,\n 42.98857645832184\n ],\n [\n -74.1796875,\n 42.32606244456202\n ],\n [\n -74.24560546875,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -74.3994140625,\n 41.60722821271717\n ],\n [\n -74.970703125,\n 41.062786068733026\n ],\n [\n -75.1904296875,\n 40.64730356252251\n ],\n [\n -75.234375,\n 40.3130432088809\n ],\n [\n -75.34423828125,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 39.50404070558415\n ],\n [\n -75.38818359375,\n 39.11301365149975\n ],\n [\n -75.56396484375,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -76.13525390624999,\n 38.51378825951165\n ],\n [\n -76.2451171875,\n 38.048091067457236\n ],\n [\n -76.39892578125,\n 37.212831514455964\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -76.88232421875,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -77.71728515624999,\n 36.61552763134925\n ],\n [\n -78.57421875,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -79.51904296874999,\n 37.142803443716836\n ],\n [\n -80.244140625,\n 37.28279464911045\n ],\n [\n -80.2880859375,\n 37.61423141542417\n ],\n [\n -80.17822265625,\n 38.06539235133249\n ],\n [\n -80.13427734374999,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -79.716796875,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -79.38720703125,\n 39.52099229357195\n ],\n [\n -79.1015625,\n 40.12849105685408\n ],\n [\n -78.33251953125,\n 40.896905775860006\n ],\n [\n -77.82714843749999,\n 41.820455096140314\n ],\n [\n -77.27783203125,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -76.83837890625,\n 43.1811470593997\n ],\n [\n -76.37695312499999,\n 43.45291889355465\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 43.54854811091288\n ],\n [\n -75.2783203125,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -74.619140625,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -74.15771484375,\n 43.43696596521823\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db649f86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zynjuk, Linda D.","contributorId":108101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zynjuk","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Majedi, Brenda Feit","contributorId":81361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Majedi","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"Feit","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5054,"text":"fs04796 - 1996 - U. S. Geological Survey programs in Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:42","indexId":"fs04796","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"047-96","title":"U. S. Geological Survey programs in Washington","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"The Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs04796","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1996, U. S. Geological Survey programs in Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 047-96, [4] p. : ill. (some col.), map ; 28 cm. ill. (some col.), map ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs04796.","productDescription":"[4] p. : ill. (some col.), map ; 28 cm. ill. (some col.), map ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-047-96","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":121538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_047_96.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613ae7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":528428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5335,"text":"fs20096 - 1996 - Uncovering Hidden Hazards in the Mississippi Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:43","indexId":"fs20096","displayToPublicDate":"2000-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"200-96","title":"Uncovering Hidden Hazards in the Mississippi Valley","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs20096","usgsCitation":"Hildenbrand, T.G., Langenheim, V., Schweig, E., Stauffer, P.H., and Hendley, J.W., 1996, Uncovering Hidden Hazards in the Mississippi Valley: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 200-96, 1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 x 18 cm. col. ill., col. maps ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20096.","productDescription":"1 sheet ([2] p.) : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 x 18 cm. col. ill., col. maps ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":380,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://quake.wr.usgs.gov/prepare/factsheets/HiddenHazs/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":117642,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0200/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":32028,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60f7b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildenbrand, Thomas G.","contributorId":61787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildenbrand","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langenheim, Victoria E. 0000-0003-2170-5213 zulanger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":1526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"Victoria E.","email":"zulanger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":150826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schweig, Eugene","contributorId":21942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schweig","given":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stauffer, Peter H. pstauffe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stauffer","given":"Peter","email":"pstauffe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":150825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hendley, James W. 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