No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration","usgsCitation":"Jaskula, B.W., 2014, Lithium in 2013: Mining Engineering, v. 66, no. 7, p. 64-65.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"65","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056128","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328128,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=4961&page=35"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2be6e4b08de9379b3558","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaskula, Brian W. bjaskula@usgs.gov","contributorId":1935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaskula","given":"Brian","email":"bjaskula@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70140712,"text":"70140712 - 2014 - Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-10T13:07:27","indexId":"70140712","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":874,"text":"Aquatic Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar","docAbstract":"Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are endangered anadromous fish that may be exposed to feminizing endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) during early development, potentially altering physiological capacities, survival and fitness. To assess differential life stage sensitivity to common EDCs, we carried out short-term (four day) exposures using three doses each of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 17β-estradiol (E2), and nonylphenol (NP) on four early life stages; embryos, yolk-sac larvae, feeding fry and one year old smolts. Differential response was compared using vitellogenin (Vtg, a precursor egg protein) gene transcription. Smolts were also examined for impacts on plasma Vtg, cortisol, thyroid hormones (T4/T3) and hepatosomatic index (HSI). Compound-related mortality was not observed in any life stage, but Vtg mRNA was elevated in a dose-dependent manner in yolk-sac larvae, fry and smolts but not in embyos. The estrogens EE2 and E2 were consistently stronger inducers of Vtg than NP. Embryos responded significantly to the highest concentration of EE2 only, while older life stages responded to the highest doses of all three compounds, as well as intermediate doses of EE2 and E2. Maximal transcription was greater for fry among the three earliest life stages, suggesting fry may be the most responsive life stage in early development. Smolt plasma Vtg was also significantly increased, and this response was observed at lower doses of each compound than was detected by gene transcription suggesting this is a more sensitive indicator at this life stage. HSI was increased at the highest doses of EE2 and E2 and plasma T3 decreased at the highest dose of EE2. Our results indicate that all life stages after hatching are potentially sensitive to endocrine disruption by estrogenic compounds and that physiological responses were altered over a short window of exposure, indicating the potential for these compounds to impact fish in the wild.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.015","usgsCitation":"Duffy, T.A., Iwanowicz, L., and McCormick, S., 2014, Comparative responses to endocrine disrupting compounds in early life stages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar: Aquatic Toxicology, v. 152, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.015.","productDescription":"10","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054887","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297898,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"152","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b62e4b08de9379b335c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffy, Tara A.","contributorId":139213,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duffy","given":"Tara","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12699,"text":"Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. liwanowicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCormick, Stephen D. 0000-0003-0621-6200 smccormick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-6200","contributorId":139201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"Stephen D.","email":"smccormick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70133047,"text":"70133047 - 2014 - Changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Sheboygan River, WI, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:50:56","indexId":"70133047","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Sheboygan River, WI, USA","docAbstract":"Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs on the Sheboygan River, Wisconsin in the 1990s was higher at sites downstream (geometric means = 3.33–8.69 μg/g wet wt.) of the putative PCB source in Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin than it was above the source (1.24 μg/g) with the exposure declining as the distance downstream of the source increased. A similar pattern of declining exposure was present in the 2010s as well. Although exposure to PCBs in eggs along the Sheboygan River at sites downstream of Sheboygan Falls has declined by ~60 % since the mid-1990s (8.69 down to 3.27 μg/g) there still seems to be residual pockets of contamination that are exposing some individuals (~25 %) to PCB contamination, similar to exposure found in the 1990s. The exposure patterns in eggs and nestlings among sites, and the changes between the two decades, are further validated by accumulation rate information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-014-1286-7","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Custer, T.W., Strom, S., Patnode, K.A., and Franson, J., 2014, Changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting along the Sheboygan River, WI, USA: Ecotoxicology, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1439-1446, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1286-7.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1439","endPage":"1446","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053764","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Sheboygan River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.2476806640625,\n 43.69270087644112\n ],\n [\n -88.2476806640625,\n 43.91471255856308\n ],\n [\n -87.69973754882812,\n 43.91471255856308\n ],\n [\n -87.69973754882812,\n 43.69270087644112\n ],\n [\n -88.2476806640625,\n 43.69270087644112\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62fe4b04d4b7dbd656e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":524289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strom, Sean M.","contributorId":127354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Strom","given":"Sean M.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patnode, Kathleen A.","contributorId":127355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Patnode","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Franson, J. Christian 0000-0002-0251-4238 jfranson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0251-4238","contributorId":2157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Franson","given":"J. 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In the present study, we examined mercury (Hg) levels in in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) from this location and assessed the utility of a non-destructively collected tissue sample (wing punch) for determining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in Hg exposed bats. Bats captured 1 and 3 km from the South River, exhibited significantly higher levels of total Hg (THg) in blood and fur than those from the reference location. We compared levels of mtDNA damage using real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of two distinct regions of mtDNA. Genotoxicity is among the many known toxic effects of Hg, resulting from direct interactions with DNA or from oxidative damage. Because it lacks many of the protective protein structures and repair mechanisms associated with nuclear DNA, mtDNA is more sensitive to the effects of genotoxic chemicals and therefore may be a useful biomarker in chronically exposed organisms. Significantly higher levels of damage were observed in both regions of mtDNA in bats captured 3 km from the river than in controls. However, levels of mtDNA damage exhibited weak correlations with fur and blood THg levels, suggesting that other factors may play a role in the site-specific differences.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10646-014-1284-9","usgsCitation":"Karouna-Renier, N., White, C., Perkins, C.R., Schmerfeld, J.J., and Yates, D., 2014, Assessment of mitochondrial DNA damage in little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) collected near a mercury-contaminated river: Ecotoxicology, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1419-1429, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1284-9.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"1419","endPage":"1429","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056838","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Waynesboro","otherGeospatial":"South River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.97727966308594,\n 38.01509916686995\n ],\n [\n -78.97727966308594,\n 38.29640356474841\n ],\n [\n -78.78227233886719,\n 38.29640356474841\n ],\n [\n -78.78227233886719,\n 38.01509916686995\n ],\n [\n -78.97727966308594,\n 38.01509916686995\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d62de4b04d4b7dbd6551","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karouna-Renier, Natalie K. nkarouna@usgs.gov","contributorId":3988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karouna-Renier","given":"Natalie K.","email":"nkarouna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"White, Carl","contributorId":127380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Carl","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":524952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perkins, Christopher R.","contributorId":127381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6926,"text":"Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering, University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schmerfeld, John J.","contributorId":127382,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmerfeld","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yates, David","contributorId":127383,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yates","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6928,"text":"BioDiversity Research Institute, Gorham, ME 04038","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":524955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70101694,"text":"70101694 - 2014 - Bromine in 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-11T12:15:16","indexId":"70101694","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bromine in 2013","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration","usgsCitation":"Ober, J.A., 2014, Bromine in 2013: Mining Engineering, v. 66, no. 7, p. 35-35.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056169","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325019,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325018,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=4961&page=35"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5784c338e4b0e02680be5917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ober, Joyce A. 0000-0003-1608-5611 jober@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1608-5611","contributorId":394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ober","given":"Joyce","email":"jober@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70095545,"text":"70095545 - 2014 - 2013 Industrial Minerals Review: Ball Clay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-13T10:47:03","indexId":"70095545","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2013 Industrial Minerals Review: Ball Clay","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration","usgsCitation":"Virta, R.L., 2014, 2013 Industrial Minerals Review: Ball Clay: Mining Engineering, v. 66, no. 7, p. 35-35.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"35","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055119","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":325175,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=4961&page=35"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5787662ce4b0d27deb36e165","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Virta, Robert L. rvirta@usgs.gov","contributorId":395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virta","given":"Robert","email":"rvirta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70171449,"text":"70171449 - 2014 - Avian response to timber harvesting applied experimentally to manage Cerulean Warbler breeding populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T14:06:30","indexId":"70171449","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Avian response to timber harvesting applied experimentally to manage Cerulean Warbler breeding populations","docAbstract":"Timber harvesting has been proposed as a management tool to enhance breeding habitat for the Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea), a declining Neotropical–Nearctic migratory songbird that nests in the canopy of mature eastern deciduous forests. To evaluate how this single-species management focus might fit within an ecologically based management approach for multiple forest birds, we performed a manipulative experiment using four treatments (three intensities of timber harvests and an unharvested control) at each of seven study areas within the core Cerulean Warbler breeding range. We collected pre-harvest (one year) and post-harvest (four years) data on the territory density of Cerulean Warblers and six additional focal species, avian community relative abundance, and several key habitat variables. We evaluated the avian and habitat responses across the 3–32 m2 ha−1 residual basal area (RBA) range of the treatments. Cerulean Warbler territory density peaked with medium RBA (∼16 m2 ha−1). In contrast, territory densities of the other focal species were negatively related to RBA (e.g., Hooded Warbler [Setophaga citrina]), were positively related to RBA (e.g., Ovenbird [Seiurus aurocapilla]), or were not sensitive to this measure (Scarlet Tanager [Piranga olivacea]). Some species (e.g., Hooded Warbler) increased with time post-treatment and were likely tied to a developing understory, whereas declines (e.g., Ovenbird) were immediate. Relative abundance responses of additional species were consistent with the territory density responses of the focal species. Across the RBA gradient, greatest separation in the avian community was between early successional forest species (e.g., Yellow-breasted Chat [Icteria virens]) and closed-canopy mature forest species (e.g., Ovenbird), with the Cerulean Warbler and other species located intermediate to these two extremes. Overall, our results suggest that harvests within 10–20 m2 ha−1 RBA yield the largest increases in Cerulean Warblers, benefit additional disturbance-dependent species, and may retain closed-canopy species but at reduced levels. Harvests outside the optimum RBA range for Cerulean Warblers can support bird assemblages specifically associated with early or late (closed-canopy) successional stages.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.037","usgsCitation":"Sheehan, J., Wood, P.B., Buehler, D.A., Keyser, P.D., Larkin, J.L., Rodewald, A.D., Wigley, T.B., Boves, T.J., George, G.A., Bakermans, M.H., Beachy, T.A., Evans, A., McDermott, M., Newell, F.L., Perkins, K.A., and White, M., 2014, Avian response to timber harvesting applied experimentally to manage Cerulean Warbler breeding populations: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 321, p. 5-18, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.07.037.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044515","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321934,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"321","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5b1e4b0ee97d51a8392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sheehan, James","contributorId":169745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra Bohall pbwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":1791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bohall","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buehler, David A.","contributorId":169746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buehler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keyser, Patrick D.","contributorId":146945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyser","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Larkin, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":169747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larkin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34542,"text":"Department of Biology. 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The newly-released Version 3 of the ShakeCast system encompasses \nadvancements in seismology, earthquake engineering, and information\n technology applicable to the legacy ShakeCast installation (Version 2). In\n particular, this upgrade includes a full statistical fragility analysis framework for \ngeneral assessment of structures as part of the near real-time system, direct \naccess to additional earthquake-specific USGS products besides ShakeMap \n(PAGER, DYFI?, tectonic summary, etc.), significant improvements in the \ngraphical user interface, including a console view for operations centers, and\n custom, user-defined hazard and loss modules. The release also introduces a \nnew adaption option to port ShakeCast to the \"cloud\". Employing Amazon \nWeb Services (AWS), users now have a low-cost alternative to local hosting,\n by fully offloading hardware, software, and communication obligations to the\n cloud. Other advantages of the \"ShakeCast Cloud\" strategy include (1) \nReliability and robustness of offsite operations, (2) Scalability naturally \naccommodated, (3), Serviceability, problems reduced due to software and \nhardware uniformity, (4) Testability, freely available for new users, (5) Remotely\n supported, allowing expert-facilitated maintenance, (6) Adoptability, \nsimplified with disk images, and (7) Security, built in at the very high level\n associated with AWS. The ShakeCast user base continues to expand and \nbroaden. For example, Caltrans, the prototypical ShakeCast user and\n development supporter, has been providing guidance to other DOTs on the \nuse of the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database to implement\n fully-functional ShakeCast systems in their states. A long-term goal underway\n is to further \"connect the DOTs\" via a Transportation Pooled Fund (TPF) with \nparticipating state DOTs. We also review some of the many other users and \nuses of ShakeCast. Lastly, on the hazard input front, we detail related \nShakeMap improvements and ongoing advancements in estimating the \nlikelihood of shaking-induced secondary hazards at structures, facilities, \nbridges, and along roadways due to landslides and liquefaction, and\n implemented within the ShakeCast framework.","language":"English","publisher":"Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation","doi":"10.4231/D32Z12Q20","usgsCitation":"Wald, D.J., Lin, K., Turner, L., and Bekiri, N., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey's ShakeCast: A cloud-based future, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.4231/D32Z12Q20.","productDescription":"11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-055124","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339813,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d443e4b0f2e20545e427","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wald, David J. 0000-0002-1454-4514 wald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1454-4514","contributorId":795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wald","given":"David","email":"wald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lin, Kuo-Wan klin@usgs.gov","contributorId":152049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"Kuo-Wan","email":"klin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":587669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Loren","contributorId":26408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Loren","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":587670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekiri, Nebi","contributorId":152050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bekiri","given":"Nebi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":587671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70186000,"text":"70186000 - 2014 - Ball clay, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:27:22","indexId":"70186000","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ball clay, 2013","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Virta, R.L., 2014, Ball clay, 2013: Mining Engineering, v. 66, no. 7, p. 35-35.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-063411","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338932,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=4961&page=35"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac7e4b02ff32c6aea65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Virta, Robert L. rvirta@usgs.gov","contributorId":395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Virta","given":"Robert","email":"rvirta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70189779,"text":"70189779 - 2014 - Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-26T11:16:12","indexId":"70189779","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Slip rates and spatially variable creep on faults of the northern San Andreas system inferred through Bayesian inversion of Global Positioning System data","docAbstract":"Fault creep, depending on its rate and spatial extent, is thought to reduce earthquake hazard by releasing tectonic strain aseismically. We use Bayesian inversion and a newly expanded GPS data set to infer the deep slip rates below assigned locking depths on the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs Faults of Northern California and, for the latter two, the spatially variable interseismic creep rate above the locking depth. We estimate deep slip rates of 21.5 ± 0.5, 13.1 ± 0.8, and 7.5 ± 0.7 mm/yr below 16 km, 9 km, and 13 km on the San Andreas, Maacama, and Bartlett Springs Faults, respectively. We infer that on average the Bartlett Springs fault creeps from the Earth's surface to 13 km depth, and below 5 km the creep rate approaches the deep slip rate. This implies that microseismicity may extend below the locking depth; however, we cannot rule out the presence of locked patches in the seismogenic zone that could generate moderate earthquakes. Our estimated Maacama creep rate, while comparable to the inferred deep slip rate at the Earth's surface, decreases with depth, implying a slip deficit exists. The Maacama deep slip rate estimate, 13.1 mm/yr, exceeds long-term geologic slip rate estimates, perhaps due to distributed off-fault strain or the presence of multiple active fault strands. While our creep rate estimates are relatively insensitive to choice of model locking depth, insufficient independent information regarding locking depths is a source of epistemic uncertainty that impacts deep slip rate estimates.
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","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2014, Gypsum, 2013: Mining Engineering, v. 66, no. 7, p. 35-35.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-056525","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338928,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338927,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=4961&page=35"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac7e4b02ff32c6aea61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, Robert Jr. 0000-0002-8120-3760 rcrangle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-3760","contributorId":141008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rcrangle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186011,"text":"70186011 - 2014 - Potash, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:14:22","indexId":"70186011","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potash, 2013","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Jasinski, S.M., 2014, Potash, 2013: Mining Engineering, v. 66, no. 7, p. 35-35.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-056356","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338913,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=4961&page=35"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac7e4b02ff32c6aea5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jasinski, Stephen M. sjasinsk@usgs.gov","contributorId":2735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jasinski","given":"Stephen","email":"sjasinsk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186037,"text":"70186037 - 2014 - Pumice and Pumicite in 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:04:56","indexId":"70186037","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pumice and Pumicite in 2013","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2014, Pumice and Pumicite in 2013: Mining Engineering, v. 66, no. 7, p. 35-35.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-056471","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338908,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338907,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=4961&page=35"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac6e4b02ff32c6aea59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, Robert Jr. 0000-0002-8120-3760 rcrangle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-3760","contributorId":141008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rcrangle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186001,"text":"70186001 - 2014 - Borates, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-31T10:26:16","indexId":"70186001","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borates, 2013","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"SME","usgsCitation":"Crangle, R., 2014, Borates, 2013: Mining Engineering, v. 66, no. 7, p. 35-35.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-056524","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":338929,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://me.smenet.org/abstract.cfm?preview=1&articleID=4961&page=35"}],"volume":"66","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6ac7e4b02ff32c6aea63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crangle, Robert Jr. 0000-0002-8120-3760 rcrangle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8120-3760","contributorId":141008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crangle","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rcrangle@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70188046,"text":"70188046 - 2014 - Scale criticality in estimating ecosystem carbon dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T15:24:10","indexId":"70188046","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale criticality in estimating ecosystem carbon dynamics","docAbstract":"Scaling is central to ecology and Earth system sciences. However, the importance of scale (i.e. resolution and extent) for understanding carbon dynamics across scales is poorly understood and quantified. We simulated carbon dynamics under a wide range of combinations of resolution (nine spatial resolutions of 250 m, 500 m, 1 km, 2 km, 5 km, 10 km, 20 km, 50 km, and 100 km) and extent (57 geospatial extents ranging from 108 to 1 247 034 km2) in the southeastern United States to explore the existence of scale dependence of the simulated regional carbon balance. Results clearly show the existence of a critical threshold resolution for estimating carbon sequestration within a given extent and an error limit. Furthermore, an invariant power law scaling relationship was found between the critical resolution and the spatial extent as the critical resolution is proportional to An (n is a constant, and A is the extent). Scale criticality and the power law relationship might be driven by the power law probability distributions of land surface and ecological quantities including disturbances at landscape to regional scales. The current overwhelming practices without considering scale criticality might have largely contributed to difficulties in balancing carbon budgets at regional and global scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12496","usgsCitation":"Zhao, S., and Liu, S., 2014, Scale criticality in estimating ecosystem carbon dynamics: Global Change Biology, v. 20, no. 7, p. 2240-2251, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12496.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"2240","endPage":"2251","ipdsId":"IP-039665","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472914,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12496","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":341876,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"592e84c3e4b092b266f10d81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhao, Shuqing","contributorId":9152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhao","given":"Shuqing","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":696494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liu, Shuguang 0000-0002-6027-3479 sliu@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-3479","contributorId":147403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liu","given":"Shuguang","email":"sliu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":696311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70155928,"text":"70155928 - 2014 - Steady incision of Grand Canyon at the million year timeframe: A case for mantle-driven differential uplift","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-15T16:52:08.479835","indexId":"70155928","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Steady incision of Grand Canyon at the million year timeframe: A case for mantle-driven differential uplift","docAbstract":"The Grand Canyon region provides an excellent laboratory to examine the interplay between river incision, magmatism, and the geomorphic and tectonic processes that shape landscapes. Here we apply U-series, Ar–Ar, and cosmogenic burial dating of river terraces to examine spatial variations in incision rates along the 445 km length of the Colorado River through Grand Canyon. We also analyze strath terrace sequences that extend to heights of several hundred meters above the river, and integrate these with speleothem constrained maximum incision rates in several reaches to examine any temporal incision variations at the million-year time frame. This new high-resolution geochronology shows temporally steady long-term incision in any given reach of Grand Canyon but significant variations along its length from 160 m/Ma in the east to 101 m/Ma in the west. Spatial and temporal patterns of incision, and the long timescale of steady incision rule out models where geomorphic controls such as climate oscillations, bedrock strength, sediment load effects, or isostatic response to differential denudation are the first order drivers of canyon incision. The incision pattern is best explained by a model of Neogene and ongoing epeirogenic uplift due to an eastward propagating zone of increased upper mantle buoyancy that we infer from propagation of Neogene basaltic volcanism and a strong lateral gradient in modern upper mantle seismic structure.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.020","usgsCitation":"Crow, R.S., Karlstrom, K., Darling, A., Crossey, L., Polyak, V., Granger, D.E., Asmerom, Y., and Schmandt, B., 2014, Steady incision of Grand Canyon at the million year timeframe: A case for mantle-driven differential uplift: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 397, p. 159-173, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.020.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"173","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-066671","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306658,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Grand Canyon","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.59379497680267,\n 36.6929399332291\n ],\n [\n -111.94676561696494,\n 36.740664983905035\n ],\n [\n -112.04882941653004,\n 36.47781060258208\n ],\n [\n -112.81430791326767,\n 36.62470987367253\n ],\n [\n -113.36290083592937,\n 36.47781060258208\n ],\n [\n -113.75839805924363,\n 36.29979231513401\n ],\n [\n -113.90724110027564,\n 36.275797198598525\n ],\n [\n -113.88172515038474,\n 36.00104382856546\n ],\n [\n -113.51174387696136,\n 35.83573051138508\n ],\n [\n -111.75114333446551,\n 36.21406159893991\n ],\n [\n -111.59379497680267,\n 36.69634984861277\n ],\n [\n -111.59379497680267,\n 36.6929399332291\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"397","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55cdbfbce4b08400b1fe143a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crow, Ryan S. 0000-0002-2403-6361 rcrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-6361","contributorId":5792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Ryan","email":"rcrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":566931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Karlstrom, Karl","contributorId":146274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Karl","affiliations":[{"id":16657,"text":"Prof. UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Darling, Andrew","contributorId":146280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darling","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crossey, Laura","contributorId":146275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crossey","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":16658,"text":"UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Polyak, Victor","contributorId":146279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Polyak","given":"Victor","affiliations":[{"id":16658,"text":"UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":566937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Granger, Darryl E.","contributorId":191610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Granger","given":"Darryl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":857042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Asmerom, Yemane","contributorId":295388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Asmerom","given":"Yemane","affiliations":[{"id":16658,"text":"UNM","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schmandt, Brandon","contributorId":202750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmandt","given":"Brandon","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36307,"text":"University of New Mexico","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":857044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70193806,"text":"70193806 - 2014 - Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) in situ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-06T09:39:13","indexId":"70193806","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) in situ","title":"Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) in situ","docAbstract":"Pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) are the smallest members of the family Ambystomatidae which makes tracking with radio-transmitters difficult because of small battery capacity. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags provide another tracking approach for small fossorial animals such as salamanders. We evaluated the use of portable PIT tag readers (PIT packs) to detect PIT tag-implanted pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders in situ. We also examined the detection probability of salamanders with PIT tags held in enclosures in wetland and terrestrial habitats, as well as the underground detection range of PIT packs by scanning for buried tags not implanted into salamanders. Of the 532 PIT tagged salamanders, we detected 6.84% at least once during scanning surveys. We scanned systematically within a 13.37 ha area surrounding a salamander breeding pool on 34 occasions (~119 hours of survey time) and detected PIT tags 74 times. We detected 55% of PITs in tagged salamanders and 45%were expelled tags. We were able to reliably detect buried PIT tags from 1–22cm below the ground surface. Because nearly half the locations represented expelled tags, our data suggest this technique is inappropriate for future studies of pure-diploid Blue-spotted Salamanders, although it may be suitable for polyploid Blue-spotted Salamanders and other ambystomatid species, which are larger in size and may exhibit higher tag retention rates. It may also be prudent to conduct long-term tag retention studies in captivity before tagging and releasing salamanders for in situ study, and to double-mark individuals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","usgsCitation":"Ryan, K.J., Zydlewski, J.D., and Calhoun, A.J., 2014, Using passive integrated transponder (PIT) systems for terrestrial detection of blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) in situ: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 9, no. 1, p. 97-105.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"105","ipdsId":"IP-046107","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348229,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348228,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/contents_vol9_issue1.html"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a07ed19e4b09af898c8cd41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryan, Kevin J.","contributorId":169710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calhoun, Aram J.K.","contributorId":93829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Calhoun","given":"Aram","email":"","middleInitial":"J.K.","affiliations":[{"id":7063,"text":"University of Maine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102113,"text":"sir20145053 - 2014 - Trends in annual, seasonal, and monthly streamflow characteristics at 227 streamgages in the Missouri River watershed, water years 1960-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T20:12:34","indexId":"sir20145053","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-30T17:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5053","title":"Trends in annual, seasonal, and monthly streamflow characteristics at 227 streamgages in the Missouri River watershed, water years 1960-2011","docAbstract":"The Missouri River and its tributaries are an important resource that serve multiple uses including agriculture, energy, recreation, and municipal water supply. Understanding historical streamflow characteristics provides relevant guidance to adaptive management of these water resources. Streamflow records in the Missouri River watershed were examined for trends in time series of annual, seasonal, and monthly streamflow. A total of 227 streamgages having continuous observational records for water years 1960–2011 were examined. Kendall’s tau nonparametric test was used to determine statistical significance of trends in annual, seasonal, and monthly streamflow. A trend was considered statistically significant for a probability value less than or equal to 0.10 that the Kendall’s tau value equals zero. Significant trends in annual streamflow were indicated for 101 out of a total of 227 streamgages. The Missouri River watershed was divided into six watershed regions and trends within regions were examined. The western and the southern parts of the Missouri River watershed had downward trends in annual streamflow (56 streamgages), whereas the eastern part of the watershed had upward trends in streamflow (45 streamgages). Seasonal and monthly streamflow trends reflected prevailing annual streamflow trends within each watershed region.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145053","usgsCitation":"Norton, P.A., Anderson, M.T., and Stamm, J., 2014, Trends in annual, seasonal, and monthly streamflow characteristics at 227 streamgages in the Missouri River watershed, water years 1960-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5053, Report: v, 128 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145053.","productDescription":"Report: v, 128 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"138","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1959-10-01","temporalEnd":"2011-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-044683","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145053.jpg"},{"id":289268,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5053/"},{"id":289275,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5053/downloads/"},{"id":289267,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5053/pdf/sir2014-5053.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.0,35.0 ], [ -120.0,50.0 ], [ -85.0,50.0 ], [ -85.0,35.0 ], [ -120.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b278d2e4b07b8813a55461","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norton, Parker A. 0000-0002-4638-2601 pnorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-2601","contributorId":2257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Parker","email":"pnorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Mark T. 0000-0002-1477-6788 manders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1477-6788","contributorId":1764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mark","email":"manders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamm, John F. 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":2859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John F.","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70114974,"text":"70114974 - 2014 - Source processes for the probabilistic assessment of tsunami hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T12:56:14","indexId":"70114974","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-30T12:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2929,"text":"Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Source processes for the probabilistic assessment of tsunami hazards","docAbstract":"The importance of tsunami hazard assessment has increased in recent years as a result of catastrophic consequences from events such as the 2004 Indian Ocean and 2011 Japan tsunamis. In particular, probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment (PTHA) methods have been emphasized to include all possible ways a tsunami could be generated. Owing to the scarcity of tsunami observations, a computational approach is used to define the hazard. This approach includes all relevant sources that may cause a tsunami to impact a site and all quantifiable uncertainty. Although only earthquakes were initially considered for PTHA, recent efforts have also attempted to include landslide tsunami sources. Including these sources into PTHA is considerably more difficult because of a general lack of information on relating landslide area and volume to mean return period. The large variety of failure types and rheologies associated with submarine landslides translates to considerable uncertainty in determining the efficiency of tsunami generation. Resolution of these and several other outstanding problems are described that will further advance PTHA methodologies leading to a more accurate understanding of tsunami hazard.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Oceanography Society","doi":"10.5670/oceanog.2014.43","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., and Lynett, P.J., 2014, Source processes for the probabilistic assessment of tsunami hazards: Oceanography, v. 27, no. 2, p. 86-93, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.43.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"86","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-055583","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472916,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.43","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":289222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289208,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2014.43"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b278d2e4b07b8813a5545f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynett, Patrick J.","contributorId":64571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynett","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70114976,"text":"70114976 - 2014 - A framework for the probabilistic analysis of meteotsunamis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T12:06:44","indexId":"70114976","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-30T12:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A framework for the probabilistic analysis of meteotsunamis","docAbstract":"A probabilistic technique is developed to assess the hazard from meteotsunamis. Meteotsunamis are unusual sea-level events, generated when the speed of an atmospheric pressure or wind disturbance is comparable to the phase speed of long waves in the ocean. A general aggregation equation is proposed for the probabilistic analysis, based on previous frameworks established for both tsunamis and storm surges, incorporating different sources and source parameters of meteotsunamis. Parameterization of atmospheric disturbances and numerical modeling is performed for the computation of maximum meteotsunami wave amplitudes near the coast. A historical record of pressure disturbances is used to establish a continuous analytic distribution of each parameter as well as the overall Poisson rate of occurrence. A demonstration study is presented for the northeast U.S. in which only isolated atmospheric pressure disturbances from squall lines and derechos are considered. For this study, Automated Surface Observing System stations are used to determine the historical parameters of squall lines from 2000 to 2013. The probabilistic equations are implemented using a Monte Carlo scheme, where a synthetic catalog of squall lines is compiled by sampling the parameter distributions. For each entry in the catalog, ocean wave amplitudes are computed using a numerical hydrodynamic model. Aggregation of the results from the Monte Carlo scheme results in a meteotsunami hazard curve that plots the annualized rate of exceedance with respect to maximum event amplitude for a particular location along the coast. Results from using multiple synthetic catalogs, resampled from the parent parameter distributions, yield mean and quantile hazard curves. Further refinements and improvements for probabilistic analysis of meteotsunamis are discussed.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Hazards","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s11069-014-1294-1","usgsCitation":"Geist, E.L., ten Brink, U., and Gove, M., 2014, A framework for the probabilistic analysis of meteotsunamis: Natural Hazards, v. 74, no. 1, p. 123-142, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1294-1.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"123","endPage":"142","numberOfPages":"20","ipdsId":"IP-056612","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6933","text":"External Repository"},{"id":289218,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289215,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1294-1"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.0,29.0 ], [ -78.0,43.5 ], [ -64.5,43.5 ], [ -64.5,29.0 ], [ -78.0,29.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"74","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b278cfe4b07b8813a55455","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geist, Eric L. 0000-0003-0611-1150 egeist@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0611-1150","contributorId":1956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geist","given":"Eric","email":"egeist@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gove, Matthew D.","contributorId":17535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gove","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70095530,"text":"ofr20141045 - 2014 - Scenario earthquake hazards for the Long Valley Caldera-Mono Lake area, east-central California (ver. 2.0, January 2018)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-05T08:58:37","indexId":"ofr20141045","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-30T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1045","title":"Scenario earthquake hazards for the Long Valley Caldera-Mono Lake area, east-central California (ver. 2.0, January 2018)","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) multi-hazards project in the Long Valley Caldera-Mono Lake area, the California Geological Survey (CGS) developed several earthquake scenarios and evaluated potential seismic hazards, including ground shaking, surface fault rupture, liquefaction, and landslide hazards associated with these earthquake scenarios. The results of these analyses can be useful in estimating the extent of potential damage and economic losses because of potential earthquakes and also for preparing emergency response plans.
The Long Valley Caldera-Mono Lake area has numerous active faults. Five of these faults or fault zones are considered capable of producing magnitude ≥6.7 earthquakes according to the Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2 (UCERF 2) developed by the 2007 Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) and the USGS National Seismic Hazard Mapping Program. These five faults are the Fish Slough, Hartley Springs, Hilton Creek, Mono Lake, and Round Valley Faults. CGS developed earthquake scenarios for these five faults in the study area and for the White Mountains Fault Zone to the east of the study area.
In this report, an earthquake scenario is intended to depict the potential consequences of significant earthquakes. A scenario earthquake is not necessarily the largest or most damaging earthquake possible on a recognized fault. Rather it is both large enough and likely enough that emergency planners should consider it in regional emergency response plans. In particular, the ground motion predicted for a given scenario earthquake does not represent a full probabilistic hazard assessment, and thus it does not provide the basis for hazard zoning and earthquake-resistant building design.
Earthquake scenarios presented here are based on fault geometry and activity data developed by the WGCEP, and are consistent with the 2008 Update of the United States National Seismic Hazard Maps (NSHM). Alternatives to the NSHM scenario were developed for the Hilton Creek and Hartley Springs Faults to account for different opinions in how far these two faults extend into Long Valley Caldera. For each scenario, ground motions were calculated using the current standard practice: the deterministic seismic hazard analysis program developed by Art Frankel of USGS and three Next Generation Ground Motion Attenuation (NGA) models. Ground motion calculations incorporated the potential amplification of seismic shaking by near-surface soils defined by a map of the average shear wave velocity in the uppermost 30 m (VS30) developed by CGS.
In addition to ground shaking and shaking-related ground failure such as liquefaction and earthquake induced landslides, earthquakes cause surface rupture displacement, which can lead to severe damage of buildings and lifelines. For each earthquake scenario, potential surface fault displacements are estimated using deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Liquefaction occurs when saturated sediments lose their strength because of ground shaking. Zones of potential liquefaction are mapped by incorporating areas where loose sandy sediments, shallow groundwater, and strong earthquake shaking coincide in the earthquake scenario. The process for defining zones of potential landslide and rockfall incorporates rock strength, surface slope, and existing landslides, with ground motions caused by the scenario earthquake.
Each scenario is illustrated with maps of seismic shaking potential and fault displacement, liquefaction, and landslide potential. Seismic shaking is depicted by the distribution of shaking intensity, peak ground acceleration, and 1.0-second spectral acceleration. One-second spectral acceleration correlates well with structural damage to surface facilities. Acceleration greater than 0.2 g is often associated with strong ground shaking and may cause moderate to heavy damage. The extent of strong shaking is influenced by subsurface fault dip and near surface materials. Strong shaking is more widespread in the hanging wall regions of a normal fault. Larger ground motions also occur where young alluvial sediments amplify the shaking. Both of these effects can lead to strong shaking that extends farther from the fault on the valley side than on the hill side.
The effect of fault rupture displacements may be localized along the surface trace of the mapped earthquake fault if fault geometry is simple and the fault traces are accurately located. However, surface displacement hazards can spread over a few hundred meters to a few kilometers if the earthquake fault has numerous splays or branches, such as the Hilton Creek Fault. Faulting displacements are estimated to be about 1 meter along normal faults in the study area and close to 2 meters along the White Mountains Fault Zone.
All scenarios show the possibility of widespread ground failure. Liquefaction damage would likely occur in the areas of higher ground shaking near the faults where there are sandy/silty sediments and the depth to groundwater is 6.1 meters (20 feet) or less. Generally, this means damage is most common near lakes and streams in the areas of strongest shaking. Landslide potential exists throughout the study region. All steep slopes (>30 degrees) present a potential hazard at any level of shaking. Lesser slopes may have landslides within the areas of the higher ground shaking. The landslide hazard zones also are likely sources for snow avalanches during winter months and for large boulders that can be shaken loose and roll hundreds of feet down hill, which happened during the 1980 Mammoth Lakes earthquakes.
Whereas methodologies used in estimating ground shaking, liquefaction, and landslides are well developed and have been applied in published hazard maps; methodologies used in estimating surface fault displacement are still being developed. Therefore, this report provides a more in-depth and detailed discussion of methodologies used for deterministic and probabilistic fault displacement hazard analyses for this project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141045","collaboration":"California Geological Survey Special Report 233","usgsCitation":"Chen, R., Branum, D.M., Wills, C.J., and Hill, D.P., 2018, Scenario earthquake hazards for the Long Valley Caldera-Mono Lake area, east-central California (ver. 2.0, January 2018): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014–1045, and California Geological Survey Special Report 233, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141045.","productDescription":"viii, 84 p.","numberOfPages":"96","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-036752","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289212,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141045.jpg"},{"id":350484,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1045/pdf/ofr20141045_versionhist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2014-1045"},{"id":289207,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1045/","text":"Index Page"},{"id":289211,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1045/pdf/ofr20141045_v2.0.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2014-1045"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera;Mono Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.5,37.15 ], [ -119.5,38.2 ], [ -117.5,38.2 ], [ -117.5,37.15 ], [ -119.5,37.15 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted June 2014; Version 2.0: January 2018","contact":"Earthquake Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
345 Middlefield Road, MS 977
Menlo Park, CA 94025
The Ordovician 87Sr/86Sr isotope seawater curve is well established and shows a decreasing trend until the mid-Katian. However, uncertainties in calibration of this curve to biostratigraphy and geochronology have made it difficult to determine how the rates of 87Sr/86Sr decrease may have varied, which has implications for both the stratigraphic resolution possible using Sr isotope stratigraphy and efforts to model the effects of Ordovician geologic events. We measured 87Sr/86Sr in conodont apatite in North American Ordovician sections that are well studied for conodont biostratigraphy, primarily in Nevada, Oklahoma, the Appalachian region, and Ohio Valley. Our results indicate that conodont apatite may provide an accurate medium for Sr isotope stratigraphy and strengthen previous reports that point toward a significant increase in the rate of fall in seawater 87Sr/86Sr during the Middle Ordovician Darriwilian Stage. Our 87Sr/86Sr results suggest that Sr isotope stratigraphy will be most useful as a high-resolution tool for global correlation in the mid-Darriwilian to mid-Sandbian, when the maximum rate of fall in 87Sr/86Sr is estimated at ∼5.0–10.0 × 10–5 per m.y. Variable preservation of conodont elements limits the precision for individual stratigraphic horizons. Replicate conodont analyses from the same sample differ by an average of ∼4.0 × 10–5 (the 2σ standard deviation is 6.2 × 10–5), which in the best case scenario allows for subdivision of Ordovician time intervals characterized by the highest rates of fall in 87Sr/86Sr at a maximum resolution of ∼0.5–1.0 m.y. Links between the increased rate of fall in 87Sr/86Sr beginning in the mid-late Darriwilian (Phragmodus polonicus to Pygodus serra conodont zones) and geologic events continue to be investigated, but the coincidence with a long-term rise in sea level (Sauk-Tippecanoe megasequence boundary) and tectonic events (Taconic orogeny) in North America provides a plausible explanation for the changing magnitude and87Sr/86Sr of the riverine Sr flux to the oceans.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/B31038.1","usgsCitation":"Saltzman, M.R., Edwards, C.T., Leslie, S.A., Dwyer, G., Bauer, J.A., Repetski, J.E., Harris, A.G., and Bergstrom, S.M., 2014, Calibration of a conodont apatite-based Ordovician 87Sr/86Sr curve to biostratigraphy and geochronology: Implications for stratigraphic resolution: GSA Bulletin, v. 126, no. 11-12, p. 1551-1568, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31038.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1551","endPage":"1568","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057069","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307815,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"11-12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e81daee4b0dacf699e665e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltzman, M. R.","contributorId":147228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saltzman","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":6714,"text":"Ohio State University, School of Earth Sciences, Columbus, Ohio, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, C. T.","contributorId":147229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Edwards","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leslie, S. A.","contributorId":147230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leslie","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16809,"text":"James Madison University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dwyer, Gary S.","contributorId":67642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"Gary S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bauer, J. A.","contributorId":147232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bauer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Harris, A. G.","contributorId":147233,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":12608,"text":"USGS, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bergstrom, S. M.","contributorId":147234,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergstrom","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6714,"text":"Ohio State University, School of Earth Sciences, Columbus, Ohio, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70114492,"text":"ofr20101083N - 2014 - Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Java and vicinity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T10:41:23","indexId":"ofr20101083N","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-30T10:33:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1083","chapter":"N","title":"Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Java and vicinity","docAbstract":"The Sunda convergent margin extends for 5,600 km from the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, both located northwest of the map area, towards the island of Sumba in the southeast, and then continues eastward as the Banda arc system. This tectonically active margin is a result of the India and Australia plates converging with and subducting beneath the Sunda plate at a rate of approximately 50 to 70 mm/yr. The main physiographic feature associated with this convergent margin is the Sunda-Java Trench, which stretches for 3,000 km parallel to the Java and Sumatra land masses and terminates at 120° E. The convergence of the Indo-Australia and Sunda plates produces two active volcanic arcs: Sunda, which extends from 105 to 122° E and Banda, which extends from 122 to 128° E. The Sunda arc results solely from relatively simple oceanic plate subduction, while the Banda arc represents the transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision, where a complex, broad deforming zone is found.
\nBased on modern activity, the Banda arc can be divided into three distinct zones: an inactive section, the Wetar Zone, bound by two active segments, the Flores Zone in the west and the Damar Zone in the east. The lack of volcanism in the Wetar Zone is attributed to the collision of Australia with the Sunda plate. The absence of gap in volcanic activity is underlain by a gap in intermediate depth seismicity, which is in contrast to nearly continuous, deep seismicity below all three sections of the arc. The Flores Zone is characterized by down-dip compression in the subducted slab at intermediate depths and late Quaternary uplift of the forearc. These unusual features, along with GPS data interpretations indicate that the Flores Zone marks the transition between subduction of oceanic crust in the west and the collision of continental crust in the east.
\nThe Java section of the Sunda arc is considered relatively aseismic historically when compared to the highly seismically active Sumatra section, despite both areas being located along the same active subduction margin. Shallow (0–20 km) events have occurred historically in the overlying Sunda plate, causing damage to local and regional communities. A recent example was the May 26, 2006 M6.3 left-lateral strike-slip event that occurred at a depth of 10 km in central Java, and caused over 5,700 fatalities. Intermediate depth (70–300 km) earthquakes frequently occur beneath Java as a result of intraplate faulting within the Australia slab. Deep (300–650 km) earthquakes occur beneath the Java Sea and the back-arc region to the north of Java. Similar to other intermediate depth events, these earthquakes are also associated with intraslab faulting. However, this subduction zone exhibits a gap in seismicity from 250 to 400 km, interpreted as the transition between extensional and compressional slab stresses. Historical examples of large intraplate events include: the 1903 M8.1 event, 1921 M7.5 event, 1977 M8.3 event, and August 2007 M7.5 event.
\nLarge thrust earthquakes close to the Java trench are typically interplate faulting events along the slab interface between the Australia and Sunda plates. These earthquakes also generally have high tsunamigenic potential due to their shallow hypocentral depths. In some cases, these events have demonstrated slow moment-release and have been defined as ‘tsunami’ earthquakes, where rupture is large in the weak crustal layers very close to the seafloor. These events are categorized by tsunamis that are significantly larger than predicted by the earthquake’s magnitude. The most notable tsunami earthquakes in the Java region occurred on June 2, 1994 (M7.8) and July 17, 2006 (M7.7). The 1994 event produced a tsunami with wave runup heights of 13 m, killing over 200 people. The 2006 event produced a tsunami of up to 15 m, and killed 730 people. Although both of these tsunami earthquakes were characterized by rupture along thrust faults, they were followed by an abundance of normal faulting aftershocks. These aftershocks are interpreted to result from extension within the subducting Australia plate, whereas the mainshocks represented interplate faulting between the Australia and Sunda plates.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101083N","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Jones, E.S., Hayes, G., Bernardino, M., Dannemann, F.K., Furlong, K.P., Benz, H.M., and Villaseñor, A., 2014, Seismicity of the Earth 1900-2012 Java and vicinity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1083, 1 Map: 37.13 x 23.83 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101083N.","productDescription":"1 Map: 37.13 x 23.83 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1900-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049053","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20101083N.jpg"},{"id":289188,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/n/"},{"id":289189,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/n/pdf/of2010-1083-N.pdf"}],"scale":"5000000","projection":"World Mercator projection","otherGeospatial":"Sunda","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 105.0,-15.0 ], [ 105.0,0.0 ], [ 130.0,0.0 ], [ 130.0,-15.0 ], [ 105.0,-15.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b278d1e4b07b8813a5545d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Eric S. 0000-0002-9200-8442 esjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-8442","contributorId":4924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Eric","email":"esjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hayes, Gavin P. 0000-0003-3323-0112","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-0112","contributorId":6157,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hayes","given":"Gavin P.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bernardino, Melissa","contributorId":100732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernardino","given":"Melissa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dannemann, Fransiska K.","contributorId":44077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dannemann","given":"Fransiska","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Furlong, Kevin P. 0000-0002-2674-5110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-5110","contributorId":19576,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Furlong","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Benz, Harley M. 0000-0002-6860-2134 benz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6860-2134","contributorId":794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benz","given":"Harley","email":"benz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Villaseñor, Antonio","contributorId":100969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villaseñor","given":"Antonio","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70114966,"text":"70114966 - 2014 - Sampling little fish in big rivers: Larval fish detection probabilities in two Lake Erie tributaries and implications for sampling effort and abundance indices","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-12T15:00:46","indexId":"70114966","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-30T10:24:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling little fish in big rivers: Larval fish detection probabilities in two Lake Erie tributaries and implications for sampling effort and abundance indices","docAbstract":"Larval fish are frequently sampled in coastal tributaries to determine factors affecting recruitment, evaluate spawning success, and estimate production from spawning habitats. Imperfect detection of larvae is common, because larval fish are small and unevenly distributed in space and time, and coastal tributaries are often large and heterogeneous. We estimated detection probabilities of larval fish from several taxa in the Maumee and Detroit rivers, the two largest tributaries of Lake Erie. We then demonstrated how accounting for imperfect detection influenced (1) the probability of observing taxa as present relative to sampling effort and (2) abundance indices for larval fish of two Detroit River species. We found that detection probabilities ranged from 0.09 to 0.91 but were always less than 1.0, indicating that imperfect detection is common among taxa and between systems. In general, taxa with high fecundities, small larval length at hatching, and no nesting behaviors had the highest detection probabilities. Also, detection probabilities were higher in the Maumee River than in the Detroit River. Accounting for imperfect detection produced up to fourfold increases in abundance indices for Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum. The effect of accounting for imperfect detection in abundance indices was greatest during periods of low abundance for both species. Detection information can be used to determine the appropriate level of sampling effort for larval fishes and may improve management and conservation decisions based on larval fish data.","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.911204","usgsCitation":"Pritt, J., DuFour, M., Mayer, C.M., Roseman, E., and DeBruyne, R.L., 2014, Sampling little fish in big rivers: Larval fish detection probabilities in two Lake Erie tributaries and implications for sampling effort and abundance indices: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 4, p. 1011-1027, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.911204.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1011","endPage":"1027","ipdsId":"IP-054295","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289187,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan, Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Detroit River, Lake Erie, Maumee River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.6953,41.5493 ], [ -83.6953,42.4 ], [ -82.8852,42.4 ], [ -82.8852,41.5493 ], [ -83.6953,41.5493 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"143","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b278d1e4b07b8813a55459","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pritt, Jeremy J.","contributorId":38055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritt","given":"Jeremy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DuFour, Mark R.","contributorId":36451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuFour","given":"Mark R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Christine M.","contributorId":50814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roseman, Edward F.","contributorId":100334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roseman","given":"Edward F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeBruyne, Robin L. 0000-0002-9232-7937 rdebruyne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-7937","contributorId":4936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeBruyne","given":"Robin","email":"rdebruyne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}