Alabama beach mouse (ABM) (Peromyscus polionotus ammobates) is an important component of the coastal dune ecosystem along the Gulf of Mexico. Due to habitat loss and degradation, ABM is federally listed as an endangered species. In this study, we examined the impacts of storm surge and wind waves, which are induced by hurricanes and sea-level rise (SLR), on the ABM habitat on Fort Morgan Peninsula, Alabama, using advanced storm surge and wind wave models and spatial analysis tools in geographic information systems (GIS). Statistical analyses of the long-term historical data enabled us to predict the extreme values of winds, wind waves, and water levels in the study area at different return periods. We developed a series of nested domains for both wave and surge modeling and validated the models using field observations of surge hydrographs and high watermarks of Hurricane Ivan (2004). We then developed wave atlases and flood maps corresponding to the extreme wind, surge and waves without SLR and with a 0.5 m of SLR by coupling the wave and surge prediction models. The flood maps were then merged with a map of ABM habitat to determine the extent and location of habitat impacted by the 100-year storm with and without SLR. Simulation results indicate that more than 82% of ABM habitat would be inundated in such an extreme storm event, especially under SLR, making ABM populations more vulnerable to future storm damage. These results have aided biologists, community planners, and other stakeholders in the identification, restoration and protection of key beach mouse habitat in Alabama. Methods outlined in this paper could also be used to assist in the conservation and recovery of imperiled coastal species elsewhere.
","doi":"10.2112/SI68-002.1","usgsCitation":"Chen, Q., Wang, H., Wang, L., Tawes, R., and Rollman, D., 2014, Predicting Impacts of tropical cyclones and sea-Level rise on beach mouse habitat: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 68, p. 12-19, https://doi.org/10.2112/SI68-002.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057038","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297361,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","otherGeospatial":"Fort Morgan Peninsula","volume":"68","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c29e4b08de9379b3679","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Q. 0000-0002-6540-8758","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-8758","contributorId":56532,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Q.","affiliations":[{"id":38331,"text":"Northeastern University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":519117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wang, Hongqing 0000-0002-2977-7732 wangh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-7732","contributorId":4421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongqing","email":"wangh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wang, Lixia","contributorId":118439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Lixia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tawes, Robert","contributorId":116795,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tawes","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rollman, Drew","contributorId":117214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rollman","given":"Drew","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":519119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70123296,"text":"fs20143090 - 2014 - Continuous water-quality and suspended-sediment transport monitoring in the San Francisco Bay, California, water years 2011–13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:20:08","indexId":"fs20143090","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3090","title":"Continuous water-quality and suspended-sediment transport monitoring in the San Francisco Bay, California, water years 2011–13","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitors water quality and suspended-sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay. The San Francisco Bay area is home to millions of people, and the bay teems with both resident and migratory wildlife, plants, and fish. Fresh water mixes with salt water in the bay, which is subject both to riverine and marine (tides, waves, influx of salt water) influences. To understand this environment, the USGS, along with its partners, has been monitoring the bay’s waters continuously since 1988. Several water-quality variables are of particular importance to State and Federal resource managers and are monitored at key locations throughout the bay. Salinity, which indicates the relative mixing of fresh and ocean waters in the bay, is derived from specific conductance measurements. Water temperature, along with salinity, affects the density of water, which causes gravity driven circulation patterns and stratification in the water column. Turbidity is measured using light-scattering from suspended solids in water, and is used as a surrogate for suspended-sediment concentration (SSC). Suspended sediment often carries adsorbed contaminants; attenuates sunlight in the water column; deposits on tidal marsh and intertidal mudflats, which can help sustain these habitats as sea level rises; and deposits in ports and shipping channels, which can necessitate dredging. Dissolved oxygen, which is essential to a healthy ecosystem, is a fundamental indicator of water quality, and its concentration is affected by water temperature, salinity, ecosystem metabolism, tidal currents, and wind. Tidal currents in the bay reverse four times a day, and wind direction and intensity typically change on a daily cycle: consequently, salinity, water temperature, suspendedsediment concentration, and dissolvedoxygen concentration vary spatially and temporally throughout the bay, and continuous measurements are needed to observe these changes. The purpose of this fact sheet is to inform the public and resource managers of the availability of these water-quality data.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143090","usgsCitation":"Buchanan, P.A., Downing-Kunz, M.A., Schoellhamer, D., Shellenbarger, G., and Weidich, K., 2014, Continuous water-quality and suspended-sediment transport monitoring in the San Francisco Bay, California, water years 2011–13: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3090, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143090.","productDescription":"4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-050934","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294438,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3090/"},{"id":347671,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347670,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3090/pdf/fs2014-3090.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.01391601562499,\n 37.29153547292737\n ],\n [\n -121.33300781249999,\n 37.29153547292737\n ],\n [\n -121.33300781249999,\n 38.35027253825765\n ],\n [\n -123.01391601562499,\n 38.35027253825765\n ],\n [\n -123.01391601562499,\n 37.29153547292737\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5423cf09e4b037b608f9d3b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan, Paul A. 0000-0002-4796-4734 buchanan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4734","contributorId":1018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Paul","email":"buchanan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downing-Kunz, Maureen A. 0000-0002-4879-0318 mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-0318","contributorId":3690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing-Kunz","given":"Maureen","email":"mdowning-kunz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shellenbarger, Gregory gshellen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellenbarger","given":"Gregory","email":"gshellen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Weidich, Kurt kweidich@usgs.gov","contributorId":5922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weidich","given":"Kurt","email":"kweidich@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70120201,"text":"70120201 - 2014 - Well log and 2D seismic data character of the Wilcox Group in south-central Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-19T12:03:55","indexId":"70120201","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1871,"text":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Well log and 2D seismic data character of the Wilcox Group in south-central Louisiana","docAbstract":"Well logs and 2D seismic data were used to interpret the depth and morphology of potential Paleocene and lower Eocene Wilcox Group slope and basin-floor reservoirs in south-central Louisiana. These may occur in a poorly explored area previously estimated by the U.S. Geological Survey to contain a mean undiscovered conventional resource potential of 26,398 billion cubic feet of gas and 423 million barrels of natural gas liquids.
\n\n
The Wilcox Group is 15,000 to 26,000 feet deep in south-central Louisiana. Previously published paleogeographic maps suggest the sediment transport direction during the Paleocene and lower Eocene was west to east, parallel to the relict Cretaceous shelf margin, and north to south due to the development of the Holly Springs delta system in Louisiana. Inclined reflectors on the 2D seismic data suggest high-energy deposition of clastic sediments. There is minimal well control downdip of currently productive areas.
\n\n
The Wilcox Group is productive in updip areas of Texas and Louisiana from fluvial, deltaic, and near-shore marine shelf sandstones. The reported presence of porous sandstones at 29,000 feet within the Wilcox Group containing about 200 feet of gas in the Davy Jones 1 discovery well in the offshore Louisiana South Marsh Island area illustrates a sand-rich system developed during the Paleocene and early Eocene. This study describes some of the well log and reflection seismic data characteristics of the slope and basin-floor reservoirs with gas-discovery potential that may be in the area between the producing trend onshore Louisiana and the offshore discovery.
","language":"English","publisher":"Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Enomoto, C.B., 2014, Well log and 2D seismic data character of the Wilcox Group in south-central Louisiana: Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions, v. 64, p. 105-118.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"118","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055340","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297379,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/gcags/data/064/064001/105_gcags640105.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -90.85693359375,\n 32.97180377635759\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 30.732392734006083\n ],\n [\n -88.9892578125,\n 30.012030680358613\n ],\n [\n -88.96728515624999,\n 28.86391842622456\n ],\n [\n -93.91113281249999,\n 29.783449456820605\n ],\n [\n -94.06494140625,\n 33.063924198120645\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c8fe4b08de9379b3873","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70127817,"text":"70127817 - 2014 - The misconception of ecosystem disservices: How a catchy term may yield the wrong messages for science and society","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T09:30:48","indexId":"70127817","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The misconception of ecosystem disservices: How a catchy term may yield the wrong messages for science and society","docAbstract":"In their recent article, Shapiro and Báldi (2014) build on the long-running narrative of “ecosystem services and disservices” (e.g., Zhang et al., 2007 ; Lyytimäki et al., 2008), describing how nature yields both benefits and harms to society. These harms include crop pests, floods, landslides, wildfires, and zoonotic disease transmission, among others. While we agree with their argument that calculation of these harms is commonplace and corresponding quantification of benefits is needed, we feel the use of the concept of “ecosystem disservices” hampers, rather than helps, the development of an integrative and constructive dialogue about conservation and the complex interrelationships between humans and nature. Estimation of costs and benefits and their balancing as positives or negatives is a principal activity in economics; however, we fear that in this case the term “disservice” carries the wrong message for both science and society.
","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.09.003","usgsCitation":"Villa, F., Bagstad, K.J., Voigt, B., Johnson, G.W., Athanasiadis, I., and Balbi, S., 2014, The misconception of ecosystem disservices: How a catchy term may yield the wrong messages for science and society: Ecosystem Services, v. 10, p. 52-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.09.003.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-057447","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-misconception-of-ecosystem-disservices-how-a-catchy-term-may-","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a8e4b022cee40dc25c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villa, Ferdinando","contributorId":84249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villa","given":"Ferdinando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voigt, Brian","contributorId":102962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voigt","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Gary W.","contributorId":90618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Athanasiadis, Ioannis N","contributorId":119857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athanasiadis","given":"Ioannis N","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Balbi, Stefano","contributorId":121310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balbi","given":"Stefano","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70177810,"text":"70177810 - 2014 - Defining ecological and economical hydropoweroperations: a framework for managing dam releasesto meet multiple conflicting objectives","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T15:20:19","indexId":"70177810","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5219,"text":"Journal of Energy Challenges and Mechanics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Defining ecological and economical hydropoweroperations: a framework for managing dam releasesto meet multiple conflicting objectives","docAbstract":"Hydroelectric dams are a flexible source of power, provide flood control, and contribute to the economic growth of local communities through real-estate and recreation. Yet the impoundment of rivers can alter and fragment miles of critical riverine habitat needed for other competing needs such as downstream consumptive water use, fish and wildlife population viability, or other forms of recreation. Multiple conflicting interests can compromise progressive management especially with recognized uncertainties related to whether management actions will fulfill the objectives of policy makers, resource managers and/or facility owners. Decision analytic tools were used in a stakeholder-driven process to develop and implement a template for evaluation and prediction of the effects of water resource management of multiple-use systems under the context provided by R.L. Harris Dam on the Tallapoosa River, Alabama, USA. The approach provided a transparent and structured framework for decision-making and incorporated both existing and new data to meet multiple management objectives. Success of the template has been evaluated by the stakeholder governing body in an adaptive resource management framework since 2005 and is ongoing. Consequences of management of discharge at the dam were evaluated annually relative to stakeholder satisfaction to allow for adjustment of both management scenarios and objectives. This template can be applied to attempt to resolve conflict inherent in many dam-regulated systems where management decisions impact diverse values of stakeholders.
","language":"English","publisher":"North Sea Conference & Journal","usgsCitation":"Irwin, E.R., 2014, Defining ecological and economical hydropoweroperations: a framework for managing dam releasesto meet multiple conflicting objectives: Journal of Energy Challenges and Mechanics, v. 1, no. 3, p. 139-146.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"146","ipdsId":"IP-056906","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330328,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":330327,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nscj.co.uk/JECM/JECM1-3.html"}],"volume":"1","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810c918e4b0f497e7973eea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Irwin, Elise R. 0000-0002-6866-4976 eirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6866-4976","contributorId":2588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Elise","email":"eirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70177801,"text":"70177801 - 2014 - Waterfowl in Cuba: Current status and distribution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T14:55:45","indexId":"70177801","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl in Cuba: Current status and distribution","docAbstract":"Cuba and its satellite islands represent the largest landmass in the Caribbean archipelago and a major repository of the region’s biodiversity. Approximately 13.4% of the Cuban territory is covered by wetlands, encompassing approximately 1.48 million ha which includes mangroves, flooded savannas, peatlands, freshwater swamp forests and various types of managed wetlands. Here, we synthesise information on the distribution and abundance of waterfowl on the main island of Cuba, excluding the numerous surrounding cays and the Isla de la Juventud (Isle of Youth), and report on band recoveries from wintering waterfowl harvested in Cuba by species and location. Twenty-nine species of waterfowl occur in Cuba, 24 of which are North American migrants. Of the five resident Anatid species, three are of conservation concern: the West Indian Whistling-duck Dendrocygna arborea (globally vulnerable), White-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis (regional concern) and Masked Duck Nomonyx dominicus(regional concern). The most abundant species of waterfowl wintering in Cuba include Blue-winged Teal A. discors, Northern Pintail A. acuta, and Northern Shoveler A. clypeata. Waterfowl banded in Canada and the United States and recovered in Cuba included predominantly Blue-winged Teal, American Wigeon and Northern Pintail. Banding sites of recovered birds suggest that most of the waterfowl moving through and wintering in Cuba are from the Atlantic and Mississippi flyways. Threats to wetlands and waterfowl in Cuba include: 1) egg poaching of resident species, 2) illegal hunting of migratory and protected resident species, 3) mangrove deforestation, 4) reservoirs for irrigation, 5) periods of pronounced droughts, and 6) hurricanes. Wetland and waterfowl conservation efforts continue across Cuba’s extensive system of protected areas. Expanding collaborations with international conservation organisations, researchers and governments in North America will enhance protection of waterfowl and wetlands in Cuba.
","language":"English","publisher":"WWT","usgsCitation":"Blanco Rodriquez, P., Vilella, F., and Sanchez Oria, B., 2014, Waterfowl in Cuba: Current status and distribution: Wildfowl, v. 4, p. 498-511.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"498","endPage":"511","ipdsId":"IP-052520","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330320,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildfowl.wwt.org.uk/index.php/wildfowl/article/view/2618/1734"},{"id":330324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810c919e4b0f497e7973eee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blanco Rodriquez, Pedro","contributorId":176183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blanco Rodriquez","given":"Pedro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vilella, Francisco 0000-0003-1552-9989 fvilella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-9989","contributorId":171363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vilella","given":"Francisco","email":"fvilella@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanchez Oria, Barbara","contributorId":176184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanchez Oria","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70180070,"text":"70180070 - 2014 - A method and example of seismically imaging near‐surface fault zones in geologically complex areas using Vp, Vs, and their ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:56:29","indexId":"70180070","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method and example of seismically imaging near‐surface fault zones in geologically complex areas using Vp, Vs, and their ratios","docAbstract":"The determination of near‐surface (vadose zone and slightly below) fault locations and geometries is important because assessment of ground rupture, strong shaking, geologic slip rates, and rupture histories occurs at shallow depths. However, seismic imaging of fault zones at shallow depths can be difficult due to near‐surface complexities, such as weathering, groundwater saturation, massive (nonlayered) rocks, and vertically layered strata. Combined P‐ and S‐wave seismic‐refraction tomography data can overcome many of the near‐surface, fault‐zone seismic‐imaging problems because of differences in the responses of elastic (bulk and shear) moduli of P and S waves to shallow‐depth, fault‐zone properties. We show that high‐resolution refraction tomography images of P‐ to S‐wave velocity ratios (VP/VS) can reliably identify near‐surface faults. We demonstrate this method using tomography images of the San Andreas fault (SAF) surface‐rupture zone associated with the 18 April 1906 ∼M 7.9 San Francisco earthquake on the San Francisco peninsula in California. There, the SAF cuts through Franciscan mélange, which consists of an incoherent assemblage of greywacke, chert, greenstone, and serpentinite. A near‐vertical zone (∼75° northeast dip) of high P‐wave velocities (up to 3000 m/s), low S‐wave velocities (∼150–600 m/s), high VP/VS ratios (4–8.8), and high Poisson’s ratios (0.44–0.49) characterizes the main surface‐rupture zone to a depth of about 20 m and is consistent with nearby trench observations. We suggest that the combined VP/VSimaging approach can reliably identify most near‐surface fault zones in locations where many other seismic methods cannot be applied.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120130294","usgsCitation":"Catchings, R.D., Rymer, M.J., Goldman, M.R., Sickler, R.R., and Criley, C.J., 2014, A method and example of seismically imaging near‐surface fault zones in geologically complex areas using Vp, Vs, and their ratios: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 4, p. 1989-2006, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130294.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1989","endPage":"2006","ipdsId":"IP-046000","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333800,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588876dbe4b05ccb964baad9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Catchings, Rufus D. 0000-0002-5191-6102 catching@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-6102","contributorId":1519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catchings","given":"Rufus","email":"catching@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rymer, Michael J. mrymer@usgs.gov","contributorId":1522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rymer","given":"Michael","email":"mrymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goldman, Mark R. 0000-0002-0802-829X goldman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0802-829X","contributorId":1521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldman","given":"Mark","email":"goldman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sickler, Robert R. 0000-0002-9141-625X rsickler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-625X","contributorId":3235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","email":"rsickler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Criley, Coyn J. 0000-0002-0227-0165 ccriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0227-0165","contributorId":3312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criley","given":"Coyn","email":"ccriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":660208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70127900,"text":"70127900 - 2014 - Plenary: Progress in Regional Landslide Hazard Assessment—Examples from the USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T11:22:55","indexId":"70127900","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Plenary: Progress in Regional Landslide Hazard Assessment—Examples from the USA","docAbstract":"Landslide hazard assessment at local and regional scales contributes to mitigation of landslides in developing and densely populated areas by providing information for (1) land development and redevelopment plans and regulations, (2) emergency preparedness plans, and (3) economic analysis to (a) set priorities for engineered mitigation projects and (b) define areas of similar levels of hazard for insurance purposes. US Geological Survey (USGS) research on landslide hazard assessment has explored a range of methods that can be used to estimate temporal and spatial landslide potential and probability for various scales and purposes. Cases taken primarily from our work in the U.S. Pacific Northwest illustrate and compare a sampling of methods, approaches, and progress. For example, landform mapping using high-resolution topographic data resulted in identification of about four times more landslides in Seattle, Washington, than previous efforts using aerial photography. Susceptibility classes based on the landforms captured 93 % of all historical landslides (all types) throughout the city. A deterministic model for rainfall infiltration and shallow landslide initiation, TRIGRS, was able to identify locations of 92 % of historical shallow landslides in southwest Seattle. The potentially unstable areas identified by TRIGRS occupied only 26 % of the slope areas steeper than 20°. Addition of an unsaturated infiltration model to TRIGRS expands the applicability of the model to areas of highly permeable soils. Replacement of the single cell, 1D factor of safety with a simple 3D method of columns improves accuracy of factor of safety predictions for both saturated and unsaturated infiltration models. A 3D deterministic model for large, deep landslides, SCOOPS, combined with a three-dimensional model for groundwater flow, successfully predicted instability in steep areas of permeable outwash sand and topographic reentrants. These locations are consistent with locations of large, deep, historically active landslides. For an area in Seattle, a composite of the three maps illustrates how maps produced by different approaches might be combined to assess overall landslide potential. Examples from Oregon, USA, illustrate how landform mapping and deterministic analysis for shallow landslide potential have been adapted into standardized methods for efficiently producing detailed landslide inventory and shallow landslide susceptibility maps that have consistent content and format statewide.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-04999-1_2","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., Schulz, W.H., Brien, D.L., Burns, W.J., Reid, M.E., and Godt, J.W., 2014, Plenary: Progress in Regional Landslide Hazard Assessment—Examples from the USA, in Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment, p. 21-36, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04999-1_2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-052503","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006065e4b0e85db3a5ddf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, William H. 0000-0001-9980-3580 wschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-3580","contributorId":942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"wschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brien, Dianne L. dbrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":3296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"Dianne","email":"dbrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, William J.","contributorId":50078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70178269,"text":"70178269 - 2014 - Arsenic speciation and sorption in natural environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T12:07:05","indexId":"70178269","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3281,"text":"Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic speciation and sorption in natural environments","docAbstract":"Aqueous arsenic speciation, or the chemical forms in which arsenic exists in water, is a challenging, interesting, and complicated aspect of environmental arsenic geochemistry. Arsenic has the ability to form a wide range of chemical bonds with carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and sulfur, resulting in a large variety of compounds that exhibit a host of chemical and biochemical properties. Besides the intriguing chemical diversity, arsenic also has the rare capacity to capture our imaginations in a way that few elements can duplicate: it invokes images of foul play that range from sinister to comedic (e.g., “inheritance powder” and arsenic-spiked elderberry wine). However, the emergence of serious large-scale human health problems from chronic arsenic exposure in drinking water has placed a high priority on understanding environmental arsenic mobility, toxicity, and bioavailability, and chemical speciation is key to these important questions. Ultimately, the purpose of arsenic speciation research is to predict future occurrences, mitigate contamination, and provide successful management of water resources.","language":"English","publisher":"Mineralogical Society of America","doi":"10.2138/rmg.2014.79.3","usgsCitation":"Campbell, K.M., and Nordstrom, D.K., 2014, Arsenic speciation and sorption in natural environments: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 79, no. 1, p. 185-216, https://doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2014.79.3.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"216","ipdsId":"IP-055454","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331097,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"582ecff0e4b04d580bd43536","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":653461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70177809,"text":"70177809 - 2014 - Impact of increasing market access on a tropical small-scale fishery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-21T15:25:26","indexId":"70177809","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5220,"text":"Marine Policy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impact of increasing market access on a tropical small-scale fishery","docAbstract":"Small-scale fisheries have historically been marginalized in management and policy investments, and they often remain under-reported in national economic and fisheries statistics. Even so, small-scale fisheries are not entirely buffered from the impacts of globalization, such as the introduction and expansion of markets. This study measures the long-term impact of market-access on a coastal fishery on Nicaragua׳s remote Atlantic Coast from approximately the time when fishermen had access to stable and predictable local markets until the present, when the region has been transformed by road connection. In the last four years, fisheries trade has expanded as road connection has facilitated export to distant markets. Fishery-independent surveys were used to measure changes in indicators of fish-community status such as length-frequency, mean trophic level, and relative biomass. Species-level changes in relative biomass of common snook Centropomus undecimalis and gafftopsail catfish Bagre marinus were also evaluated since these species are the most economically valuable and likely account for the most fish biomass in the system. Using historical records, reports, current observations and interviews, changes in indicators of fishing intensity and market access over the past 17 years were assessed. From 1994 to 2011, community and species-specific metrics of the lagoon fishery declined significantly across all indicators examined. The potential social and economic outcomes of the decline in the fishery are far-reaching for the region, because this tropical fishery comprises the main source of protein and income for residents of twelve indigenous and Afro-descendent communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpol.2014.05.007","usgsCitation":"Stevens, K., Irwin, B.J., Kramer, D., and Urquhart, G., 2014, Impact of increasing market access on a tropical small-scale fishery: Marine Policy, v. 50, no. A, p. 46-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.05.007.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"52","ipdsId":"IP-054898","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":330329,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5810c919e4b0f497e7973eec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Kara","contributorId":176196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stevens","given":"Kara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Irwin, Brian J. 0000-0002-0666-2641 bjirwin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0666-2641","contributorId":4037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Irwin","given":"Brian","email":"bjirwin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":651849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kramer, Daniel","contributorId":176197,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kramer","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Urquhart, Gerald","contributorId":176198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Urquhart","given":"Gerald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70178389,"text":"70178389 - 2014 - Water quality monitoring protocol for wadeable streams and rivers in the Northern Great Plains Network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-12T13:26:08","indexId":"70178389","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":53,"text":"Natural Resource Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NGPN/NRR—2014/868","title":"Water quality monitoring protocol for wadeable streams and rivers in the Northern Great Plains Network","docAbstract":"Preserving the national parks unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations is a fundamental purpose of the National Park Service (NPS). To address growing concerns regarding the overall physical, chemical, and biological elements and processes of park ecosystems, the NPS implemented science-based management through “Vital Signs” monitoring in 270 national parks (NPS 2007). The Northern Great Plains Network (NGPN) is among the 32 National Park Service Networks participating in this monitoring effort. The NGPN will develop protocols over the next several years to determine the overall health or condition of resources within 13 parks located in Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming.\nThe NGPN identified water resources as a Vital Sign to monitor because water quality and quantity are important aspects of ecological processes that operate across multiple temporal and spatial scales. In the semi-arid region of the Northern Great Plains, surface-water resources within the NGPN are ecologically important. The 13 parks within the NGPN are diverse and vary greatly in size, visitation, and water resources. For example, the measured surface area of the Badlands National Park is about 243,000 acres, which represents nearly one-half of the combined acreage of all 13 NGPN park units; however, water resources within the park are scarce and the majority of streams are intermittent. The Badlands National Park annually hosts nearly 860,000 visitors. Mount Rushmore National Memorial also has limited water resources but hosts nearly 3 million visitors per year within its 1,278 acres. The Missouri National Recreational River contains the greatest portion of waterbodies within the NGPN, consisting of 139 rivers and streams within an areal extent of about 69,000 acres. Although water resources and acreage of the NGPN parks are varied, unifying factors among the parks include the relatively low population density within the Great Plains area and the strong emphasis on agrarian land use throughout the region.\nTo address the diverse water quality concerns, NGPN received input from park staff and conducted pilot studies in 2009 and 2010. These factors, in combination with the NGPN budget allocations, resulted in development of the NGPN’s water quality monitoring protocol. This protocol will provide a context to aid park resource managers in their day-to-day decisions and allow the assessment of the status (current conditions) and trends (directional changes across time) of streams/rivers within selected NGPN parks. Data collected from integrating water resource monitoring, in combination with the inventory of additional Vital Signs, can be used to assess resources and to aid in sound managerial decisions by the NGPN parks.\nAs recommended by Oakley et al. (2003), this protocol provides a narrative and the rationale for selection of streams and rivers within the NGPN that will be measured for water quality, including dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductivity, and temperature. Standard operating procedures (SOPs) that detail the steps to collect, manage, and disseminate the NGPN water quality data are in an accompanying document. The sampling design documented in this protocol may be updated as monitoring information is collected and interpreted, and as refinement of methodologies develop through time. In addition, evaluation of data and refinement of the program may necessitate potential changes of program objectives. Changes to the NGPN water quality protocols and SOPs will be carefully documented in a revision history log.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Wilson, M.H., Rowe, B.L., Gitzen, R.A., Wilson, S.K., and Paintner-Green, K.J., 2014, Water quality monitoring protocol for wadeable streams and rivers in the Northern Great Plains Network: Natural Resource Report NPS/NGPN/NRR—2014/868, xxi., 52p.","productDescription":"xxi., 52p.","ipdsId":"IP-042869","costCenters":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332301,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":331056,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2216799"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Northern Great Plains ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.21826171874999,\n 42.27730877423709\n ],\n [\n -100.5029296875,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -103.22753906249999,\n 39.87601941962116\n ],\n [\n -105.09521484375,\n 40.48038142908172\n ],\n [\n -106.2158203125,\n 42.73087427928485\n ],\n [\n -106.06201171875,\n 45.79816953017265\n ],\n [\n -106.10595703125,\n 48.1367666796927\n ],\n [\n -105.75439453125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -97.31689453125,\n 49.023461463214126\n ],\n [\n -97.1630859375,\n 48.67645370777654\n ],\n [\n -97.09716796875,\n 47.88688085106901\n ],\n [\n -96.8115234375,\n 47.12995075666307\n ],\n [\n -96.61376953125,\n 46.210249600187225\n ],\n [\n -96.85546875,\n 45.66012730272194\n ],\n [\n -96.416015625,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -96.48193359375,\n 43.34116005412307\n ],\n [\n -96.50390625,\n 42.601619944327965\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 42.374778361114195\n ],\n [\n -96.21826171874999,\n 42.27730877423709\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5859000ae4b03639a6025e37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Marcia H.","contributorId":6149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Marcia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rowe, Barbara L. blrowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowe","given":"Barbara","email":"blrowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gitzen, Robert A.","contributorId":75498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gitzen","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilson, Stephen K.","contributorId":191011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paintner-Green, Kara J.","contributorId":176899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paintner-Green","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70100005,"text":"70100005 - 2014 - Ground-motion site effects from multimethod shear-wave velocity characterization at 16 seismograph stations deployed for aftershocks of the August 2011 Mineral, Virginia earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-26T13:17:44","indexId":"70100005","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-motion site effects from multimethod shear-wave velocity characterization at 16 seismograph stations deployed for aftershocks of the August 2011 Mineral, Virginia earthquake","docAbstract":"We characterize shear-wave velocity versus depth (Vs profile) at 16 portable seismograph sites through the epicentral region of the 2011 Mw 5.8 Mineral (Virginia, USA) earthquake to investigate ground-motion site effects in the area. We used a multimethod acquisition and analysis approach, where active-source horizontal shear (SH) wave reflection and refraction as well as active-source multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and passive-source refraction microtremor (ReMi) Rayleigh wave dispersion were interpreted separately. The time-averaged shear-wave velocity to a depth of 30 m (Vs30), interpreted bedrock depth, and site resonant frequency were estimated from the best-fit Vs profile of each method at each location for analysis. Using the median Vs30 value (270–715 m/s) as representative of a given site, we estimate that all 16 sites are National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site class C or D. Based on a comparison of simplified mapped surface geology to median Vs30 at our sites, we do not see clear evidence for using surface geologic units as a proxy for Vs30 in the epicentral region, although this may primarily be because the units are similar in age (Paleozoic) and may have similar bulk seismic properties. We compare resonant frequencies calculated from ambient noise horizontal:vertical spectral ratios (HVSR) at available sites to predicted site frequencies (generally between 1.9 and 7.6 Hz) derived from the median bedrock depth and average Vs to bedrock. Robust linear regression of HVSR to both site frequency and Vs30 demonstrate moderate correlation to each, and thus both appear to be generally representative of site response in this region. Based on Kendall tau rank correlation testing, we find that Vs30 and the site frequency calculated from average Vs to median interpreted bedrock depth can both be considered reliable predictors of weak-motion site effects in the epicentral region.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2015.2509(03)","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, W.J., Odum, J., McNamara, D.E., Williams, R., and Angster, S.J., 2014, Ground-motion site effects from multimethod shear-wave velocity characterization at 16 seismograph stations deployed for aftershocks of the August 2011 Mineral, Virginia earthquake: GSA Special Papers, v. 509, p. 47-65, https://doi.org/10.1130/2015.2509(03).","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"65","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055883","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297529,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 36.63316209558658\n ],\n [\n -75.7177734375,\n 36.5978891330702\n ],\n [\n -76.552734375,\n 38.736946065676\n ],\n [\n -78.046875,\n 39.62261494094297\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 36.63316209558658\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"509","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bb6e4b08de9379b3499","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Odum, Jackson K. 0000-0003-4697-2430 odum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-2430","contributorId":1365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odum","given":"Jackson K.","email":"odum@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel E. 0000-0001-6860-0350 mcnamara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","email":"mcnamara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":518649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Angster, Stephen J","contributorId":116743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angster","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70100631,"text":"70100631 - 2014 - Use of multi-sensor active fire detections to map fires in the United States: the future of monitoring trends in burn severity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-21T16:02:42","indexId":"70100631","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of multi-sensor active fire detections to map fires in the United States: the future of monitoring trends in burn severity","docAbstract":"The effort to utilize satellite-based MODIS, AVHRR, and GOES fire detections from the Hazard Monitoring System (HMS) to identify undocumented fires in Florida and improve the Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) mapping process has yielded promising results. This method was augmented using regression tree models to identify burned/not-burned pixels (BnB) in every Landsat scene (1984–2012) in Worldwide Referencing System 2 Path/Rows 16/40, 17/39, and 1839. The burned area delineations were combined with the HMS detections to create burned area polygons attributed with their date of fire detection. Within our study area, we processed 88,000 HMS points (2003–2012) and 1,800 Landsat scenes to identify approximately 300,000 burned area polygons. Six percent of these burned area polygons were larger than the 500-acre MTBS minimum size threshold. From this study, we conclude that the process can significantly improve understanding of fire occurrence and improve the efficiency and timeliness of assessing its impacts upon the landscape.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Wildland fire in the Appalachians: Discussions among managers and scientists. General Technical Report SRS-199","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service","publisherLocation":"Asheville, NC","usgsCitation":"Picotte, J.J., Coan, M., and Howard, S.M., 2014, Use of multi-sensor active fire detections to map fires in the United States: the future of monitoring trends in burn severity, in Proceedings: Wildland fire in the Appalachians: Discussions among managers and scientists. General Technical Report SRS-199, p. 155-161.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"161","ipdsId":"IP-053728","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/gtr/gtr_srs199/gtr_srs199.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58fb1a4fe4b0c3010a8087d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Picotte, Joshua J. 0000-0002-4021-4623 jpicotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4021-4623","contributorId":4626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Picotte","given":"Joshua","email":"jpicotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coan, Michael mcoan@usgs.gov","contributorId":5398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coan","given":"Michael","email":"mcoan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":692439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howard, Stephen M. 0000-0001-5255-5882 smhoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5255-5882","contributorId":3483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Stephen","email":"smhoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70074726,"text":"70074726 - 2014 - The Devonian Marcellus Shale and Millboro Shale","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-02T13:20:59","indexId":"70074726","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Devonian Marcellus Shale and Millboro Shale","docAbstract":"The recent development of unconventional oil and natural gas resources in the United States builds upon many decades of research, which included resource assessment and the development of well completion and extraction technology. The Eastern Gas Shales Project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy in the 1980s, investigated the gas potential of organic-rich, Devonian black shales in the Appalachian, Michigan, and Illinois basins. One of these eastern shales is the Middle Devonian Marcellus Shale, which has been extensively developed for natural gas and natural gas liquids since 2007. The Marcellus is one of the basal units in a thick Devonian shale sedimentary sequence in the Appalachian basin. The Marcellus rests on the Onondaga Limestone throughout most of the basin, or on the time-equivalent Needmore Shale in the southeastern parts of the basin. Another basal unit, the Huntersville Chert, underlies the Marcellus in the southern part of the basin. The Devonian section is compressed to the south, and the Marcellus Shale, along with several overlying units, grades into the age-equivalent Millboro Shale in Virginia. The Marcellus-Millboro interval is far from a uniform slab of black rock. This field trip will examine a number of natural and engineered exposures in the vicinity of the West Virginia–Virginia state line, where participants will have the opportunity to view a variety of sedimentary facies within the shale itself, sedimentary structures, tectonic structures, fossils, overlying and underlying formations, volcaniclastic ash beds, and to view a basaltic intrusion.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2014.0035(05)","usgsCitation":"Soeder, D.J., Enomoto, C.B., and Chermak, J., 2014, The Devonian Marcellus Shale and Millboro Shale: GSA Field Guides, v. 35, p. 129-160, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.0035(05).","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053226","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287889,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.76,24.93 ], [ -91.76,48.52 ], [ -65.39,48.52 ], [ -65.39,24.93 ], [ -91.76,24.93 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"35","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7862e4b0abf75cf2d392","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soeder, Daniel J.","contributorId":70040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soeder","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Enomoto, Catherine B. 0000-0002-4119-1953 cenomoto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-1953","contributorId":2126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enomoto","given":"Catherine","email":"cenomoto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chermak, John A.","contributorId":99899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chermak","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70055517,"text":"70055517 - 2014 - Shale hydrocarbon reservoirs: Some influences of tectonics and paleogeography during deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-12T17:40:09.690694","indexId":"70055517","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"2","title":"Shale hydrocarbon reservoirs: Some influences of tectonics and paleogeography during deposition","docAbstract":"Continuous hydrocarbon accumulations in shale reservoirs appear to be characterized by common paleotectonic and paleogeographic histories and are limited to specific intervals of geologic time. In addition, most North American self-sourced shale correlates with geologic time periods of calcitic seas and greenhouse conditions and with evolutionary turnover of marine metazoans. More knowledge about the relations among these controls on deposition is needed, but conceptual modeling suggests that integrating tectonic histories, paleogeographic reconstructions, and eustatic curves may be a useful means by which to better understand shale plays already in development stages and potentially identify new organic-carbon-rich shale targets suitable for continuous resource development.
\nUpwelling and anoxic waters are commonly cited to explain the accumulation and preservation, respectively, of marine organic carbon. In addition, and perhaps alternatively, the broad correlation of self-sourced shale with macroevolutionary trends in land plants and marine metazoans suggests that reduced consumption of organic matter by benthos during periods of high terrestrial and marine organic productivity was responsible.
\nFundamental to any of the processes that acted during deposition, however, was active tectonism. Basin type can often distinguish self-sourced shale plays from other types of hydrocarbon source rocks. The deposition of North American self-sourced shale was associated with the assembly and subsequent fragmentation of Pangea. Flooded foreland basins along collisional margins were the predominant depositional settings during the Paleozoic, whereas deposition in semirestricted basins was responsible along the rifted passive margin of the U.S. Gulf Coast during the Mesozoic. Tectonism during deposition of self-sourced shale, such as the Upper Jurassic Haynesville Formation, confined (re)cycling of organic materials to relatively closed systems, which promoted uncommonly thick accumulations of organic matter.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology of the Haynesville gas shale in east Texas and west Louisiana","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"AAPG","doi":"10.1306/13441842M1053597","usgsCitation":"Eoff, J., 2014, Shale hydrocarbon reservoirs: Some influences of tectonics and paleogeography during deposition, chap. 2 of Geology of the Haynesville gas shale in east Texas and west Louisiana, p. 5-24, https://doi.org/10.1306/13441842M1053597.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"5","endPage":"24","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038324","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324750,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57779434e4b07dd077c90622","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eoff, Jennifer D","contributorId":118140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eoff","given":"Jennifer D","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70100896,"text":"70100896 - 2014 - Modeling the hydrogeophysical response of lake talik evolution ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-28T11:39:28","indexId":"70100896","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling the hydrogeophysical response of lake talik evolution ","docAbstract":"Geophysical methods provide valuable information about subsurface permafrost and its relation to dynamic hydrologic systems. Airborne electromagnetic data from interior Alaska are used to map the distribution of permafrost, geological features, surface water, and groundwater. To validate and gain further insight into these field datasets, we also explore the geophysical response to hydrologic simulations of permafrost evolution by implementing a physical property relationship that connects geology, temperature, and ice saturation to changes in electrical properties.
A new secondary isotopic reference material has been prepared from Puerto Rico precipitation, which was filtered, homogenised, loaded into glass ampoules, sealed with a torch, autoclaved to eliminate biological activity, and calibrated by dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. This isotopic reference material, designated as USGS48, is intended to be one of two isotopic reference waters for daily normalisation of stable hydrogen (δ2H) and stable oxygen (δ18O) isotopic analysis of water with a mass spectrometer or a laser absorption spectrometer. The δ2H and δ18O values of this reference water are−2.0±0.4 and−2.224±0.012 ‰, respectively, relative to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water on scales normalised such that the δ2H and δ18O values of Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation reference water are−428 and−55.5 ‰, respectively. Each uncertainty is an estimated expanded uncertainty (U=2uc) about the reference value that provides an interval that has about a 95 % probability of encompassing the true value. This isotopic reference water is available by the case of 144 glass ampoules containing 5 mL of water in each ampoule.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10256016.2014.905555","usgsCitation":"Qi, H., Coplen, T.B., Tarbox, L.V., Lorenz, J.M., and Scholl, M.A., 2014, USGS48 Puerto Rico precipitation - A new isotopic reference material for δ2H and δ18O measurements of water: Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, v. 50, no. 4, p. 442-447, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256016.2014.905555.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"447","ipdsId":"IP-052742","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339182,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","volume":"50","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60273e4b09da6799ac68d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tarbox, Lauren V. 0000-0002-4126-1851 ltarbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4126-1851","contributorId":5319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarbox","given":"Lauren","email":"ltarbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, Jennifer M. 0000-0002-5826-7264 jlorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-7264","contributorId":3558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Scholl, Martha A. 0000-0001-6994-4614 mascholl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6994-4614","contributorId":1920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholl","given":"Martha","email":"mascholl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187261,"text":"70187261 - 2014 - Predicting impacts of future human population growth and development on occupancy rates of forest-dependent birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T11:17:37","indexId":"70187261","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting impacts of future human population growth and development on occupancy rates of forest-dependent birds","docAbstract":"Forest loss and fragmentation are among the largest threats to forest-dwelling wildlife species today, and projected increases in human population growth are expected to increase these threats in the next century. We combined spatially-explicit growth models with wildlife distribution models to predict the effects of human development on 5 forest-dependent bird species in Vermont, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts, USA. We used single-species occupancy models to derive the probability of occupancy for each species across the study area in the years 2000 and 2050. Over half a million new housing units were predicted to be added to the landscape. The maximum change in housing density was nearly 30 houses per hectare; however, 30% of the towns in the study area were projected to add less than 1 housing unit per hectare. In the face of predicted human growth, the overall occupancy of each species decreased by as much as 38% (ranging from 19% to 38% declines in the worst-case scenario) in the year 2050. These declines were greater outside of protected areas than within protected lands. Ninety-seven percent of towns experienced some decline in species occupancy within their borders, highlighting the value of spatially-explicit models. The mean decrease in occupancy probability within towns ranged from 3% for hairy woodpecker to 8% for ovenbird and hermit thrush. Reductions in occupancy probability occurred on the perimeters of cities and towns where exurban development is predicted to increase in the study area. This spatial approach to wildlife planning provides data to evaluate trade-offs between development scenarios and forest-dependent wildlife species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.039","usgsCitation":"Brown, M.L., Donovan, T., Schwenk, W.S., and Theobald, D.M., 2014, Predicting impacts of future human population growth and development on occupancy rates of forest-dependent birds: Biological Conservation, v. 170, p. 311-320, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.07.039.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"311","endPage":"320","ipdsId":"IP-039574","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340499,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"170","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030328e4b0e862d230f751","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Michelle L.","contributorId":168990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7147,"text":"Wayne State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Donovan, Therese tdonovan@usgs.gov","contributorId":171599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"Therese","email":"tdonovan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwenk, W. Scott","contributorId":172274,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwenk","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Theobald, David M. 0000-0002-1271-9368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1271-9368","contributorId":10271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Theobald","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13470,"text":"Conservation Science Partners","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":693188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70186564,"text":"70186564 - 2014 - Self-recognition in corals facilitates deep-sea habitat engineering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-05T16:16:26","indexId":"70186564","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3358,"text":"Scientific Reports","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Self-recognition in corals facilitates deep-sea habitat engineering","docAbstract":"The ability of coral reefs to engineer complex three-dimensional habitats is central to their success and the rich biodiversity they support. In tropical reefs, encrusting coralline algae bind together substrates and dead coral framework to make continuous reef structures, but beyond the photic zone, the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa also forms large biogenic reefs, facilitated by skeletal fusion. Skeletal fusion in tropical corals can occur in closely related or juvenile individuals as a result of non-aggressive skeletal overgrowth or allogeneic tissue fusion, but contact reactions in many species result in mortality if there is no ‘self-recognition’ on a broad species level. This study reveals areas of ‘flawless’ skeletal fusion in Lophelia pertusa, potentially facilitated by allogeneic tissue fusion, are identified as having small aragonitic crystals or low levels of crystal organisation, and strong molecular bonding. Regardless of the mechanism, the recognition of ‘self’ between adjacent L. pertusa colonies leads to no observable mortality, facilitates ecosystem engineering and reduces aggression-related energetic expenditure in an environment where energy conservation is crucial. The potential for self-recognition at a species level, and subsequent skeletal fusion in framework-forming cold-water corals is an important first step in understanding their significance as ecological engineers in deep-seas worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep06782","usgsCitation":"Hennige, S.J., Morrison, C.L., Form, A.U., Buscher, J., Kamenos, N.A., and Roberts, J.M., 2014, Self-recognition in corals facilitates deep-sea habitat engineering: Scientific Reports, v. 4, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06782.","productDescription":"Article 6782; 7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-052554","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06782","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60273e4b09da6799ac68b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hennige, Sebastian J","contributorId":190561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hennige","given":"Sebastian","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, Cheryl L. 0000-0001-9425-691X cmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":146488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Cheryl","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":689592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Form, Armin U.","contributorId":190562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Form","given":"Armin","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buscher, Janina","contributorId":190563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscher","given":"Janina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamenos, Nicholas A.","contributorId":190564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamenos","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, J. Murray","contributorId":190565,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Murray","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187161,"text":"70187161 - 2014 - Retirement investment theory explains patterns in songbird nest-site choice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T15:55:50","indexId":"70187161","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3174,"text":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retirement investment theory explains patterns in songbird nest-site choice","docAbstract":"When opposing evolutionary selection pressures act on a behavioural trait, the result is often stabilizing selection for an intermediate optimal phenotype, with deviations from the predicted optimum attributed to tracking a moving target, development of behavioural syndromes or shifts in riskiness over an individual's lifetime. We investigated nest-site choice by female golden-winged warblers, and the selection pressures acting on that choice by two fitness components, nest success and fledgling survival. We observed strong and consistent opposing selection pressures on nest-site choice for maximizing these two fitness components, and an abrupt, within-season switch in the fitness component birds prioritize via nest-site choice, dependent on the time remaining for additional nesting attempts. We found that females consistently deviated from the predicted optimal behaviour when choosing nest sites because they can make multiple attempts at one fitness component, nest success, but only one attempt at the subsequent component, fledgling survival. Our results demonstrate a unique natural strategy for balancing opposing selection pressures to maximize total fitness. This time-dependent switch from high to low risk tolerance in nest-site choice maximizes songbird fitness in the same way a well-timed switch in human investor risk tolerance can maximize one's nest egg at retirement. Our results also provide strong evidence for the adaptive nature of songbird nest-site choice, which we suggest has been elusive primarily due to a lack of consideration for fledgling survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society Publishing","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2013.1834","usgsCitation":"Streby, H.M., Refsnider, J.M., Peterson, S.M., and Andersen, D., 2014, Retirement investment theory explains patterns in songbird nest-site choice: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, v. 281, no. 1777, Article 20131834; 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1834.","productDescription":"Article 20131834; 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-043002","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1834","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340412,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Manitoba, Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Rice Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Sandilands Provincial Forest, Tamarac National Wildlife Refuge","volume":"281","issue":"1777","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006065e4b0e85db3a5dded","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Streby, Henry M.","contributorId":11024,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Streby","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Refsnider, Jeanine M.","contributorId":166948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Refsnider","given":"Jeanine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":692946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, Sean M.","contributorId":9354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13013,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":692947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Andersen, David E. 0000-0001-9535-3404 dea@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9535-3404","contributorId":2168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"David E.","email":"dea@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34539,"text":"Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":692948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185997,"text":"70185997 - 2014 - The curved 14C vs. δ13C relationship in dissolved inorganic carbon: A useful tool for groundwater age- and geochemical interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:32:24","indexId":"70185997","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The curved 14C vs. δ13C relationship in dissolved inorganic carbon: A useful tool for groundwater age- and geochemical interpretations","docAbstract":"Determination of the 14C content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is useful for dating of groundwater. However, in addition to radioactive decay, the 14C content in DIC (14CDIC) can be affected by many geochemical and physical processes and numerous models have been proposed to refine radiocarbon ages of DIC in groundwater systems. Changes in the δ13C content of DIC (δ13CDIC) often can be used to deduce the processes that affect the carbon isotopic composition of DIC and the 14C value during the chemical evolution of groundwater. This paper shows that a curved relationship of 14CDIC vs. δ13CDIC will be observed for groundwater systems if (1) the change in δ13C value in DIC is caused by a first-order or pseudo-first-order process, e.g. isotopic exchange between DIC and solid carbonate, (2) the reaction/process progresses with the ageing of the groundwater, i.e. with decay of 14C in DIC, and (3) the magnitude of the rate of change in δ13C of DIC is comparable with that of 14C decay. In this paper, we use a lumped parameter method to derive a model based on the curved relationship between 14CDICand δ13CDIC. The derived model, if used for isotopic exchange between DIC and solid carbonate, is identical to that derived by Gonfiantini and Zuppi (2003). The curved relationship of 14CDIC vs. δ13CDIC can be applied to interpret the age of the DIC in groundwater. Results of age calculations using the method discussed in this paper are compared with those obtained by using other methods that calculate the age of DIC based on adjusted initial radiocarbon values for individual samples. This paper shows that in addition to groundwater age interpretation, the lumped parameter method presented here also provides a useful tool for geochemical interpretations, e.g. estimation of apparent rates of geochemical reactions and revealing the complexity of the geochemical environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.08.026","usgsCitation":"Han, L., Plummer, N., and Aggarwal, P., 2014, The curved 14C vs. δ13C relationship in dissolved inorganic carbon: A useful tool for groundwater age- and geochemical interpretations: Chemical Geology, v. 387, p. 111-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.08.026.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"125","ipdsId":"IP-059185","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"387","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1951e4b02ff32c699cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Liang-Feng","contributorId":190113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Liang-Feng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aggarwal, Pradeep","contributorId":66143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aggarwal","given":"Pradeep","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184997,"text":"70184997 - 2014 - New imaging of submarine landslides from the 1964 earthquake near Whittier, Alaska, and a comparison to failures in other Alaskan fjords","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:47:26","indexId":"70184997","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"New imaging of submarine landslides from the 1964 earthquake near Whittier, Alaska, and a comparison to failures in other Alaskan fjords","docAbstract":"The 1964 Alaska M w 9.2 earthquake triggered numerous submarine slope failures in fjords of southern Alaska. These failures generated local tsunamis, such as at Whittier, where they inundated the town within 4 min of the beginning of shaking. Run-up was up to 32 m, with 13 casualties. We collected new multibeam bathymetry and high-resolution sparker seismic data in Passage Canal, and we examined bathymetry changes before and after the earthquake. The data reveal the debris flow deposit from the 1964 landslides, which covers the western 5 km of the fjord bottom. Individual blocks in the flow are up to 145-m wide and 25-m tall. Bathymetry changes show the mass transfer deposits originated from the fjord head and Whittier Creek deltas and had a volume of about 42 million m3. The 1964 deposit has an average thickness of ∼5.4 m. Beyond the debris flow, the failures likely deposited a ∼4.6-m thick megaturbidite in a distal basin. We have studied the 1964 submarine landslides in three fjords. All involved failure of the fjord-head delta. All failures eroded basin-floor sediments and incorporated them as they travelled. All the failures deposited blocks, but their size and travel distances varied greatly. We find a correlation between maximum block size and maximum tsunami run-up regardless of the volume of the slides. Lastly, the fjord’s margins were influenced by increased supply of glacial sediments during the little ice age, which along with a long interseismic interval (∼900 years) may have caused the 1964 earthquake to produce particularly numerous and large submarine landslides.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Submarine mass movements and their consequences, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research Vol. 37 ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_32","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., Parsons, T.E., Finlayson, D.P., Hart, P.J., Chaytor, J., Ryan, H.F., Lee, H., Labay, K., Peterson, A., and Liberty, L., 2014, New imaging of submarine landslides from the 1964 earthquake near Whittier, Alaska, and a comparison to failures in other Alaskan fjords, chap. of Submarine mass movements and their consequences, Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research Vol. 37 , v. 37, p. 361-370, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_32.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"361","endPage":"370","ipdsId":"IP-052752","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438776,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9L0Q0AK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Combined High-Resolution Topography and Bathymetry for Western Passage Canal, Near Whittier, Alaska"},{"id":438775,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9458THH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Gridded Data from a 2011 Multibeam Bathymetric Survey of the Western Part of Passage Canal, Near Whittier, Alaska"},{"id":337535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Whittier","volume":"37","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c90128e4b0849ce97abcf7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finlayson, David P. dfinlayson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","email":"dfinlayson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":683877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, Patrick J.","contributorId":147728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hart","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6977,"text":"University of Hawai`i at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":683878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason D. jchaytor@usgs.gov","contributorId":4961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason D.","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":683879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, Holly F. hryan@usgs.gov","contributorId":187559,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ryan","given":"Holly","email":"hryan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lee, Homa J. hjlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":1021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Homa J.","email":"hjlee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":684304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Labay, Keith A. 0000-0002-6763-3190 klabay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6763-3190","contributorId":2097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Labay","given":"Keith A.","email":"klabay@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":683881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Peterson, Andrew","contributorId":189112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peterson","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Liberty, Lee","contributorId":189113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liberty","given":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":683883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70186002,"text":"70186002 - 2014 - Correlations in distribution and concentration of calcium, copper and iron with zinc in isolated extracellular deposits associated with age-related macular degeneration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:31:55","indexId":"70186002","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5358,"text":"Metallomics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlations in distribution and concentration of calcium, copper and iron with zinc in isolated extracellular deposits associated with age-related macular degeneration","docAbstract":"Zinc (Zn) is abundantly enriched in sub-retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) deposits, the hallmarks of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and is thought to play a role in the formation of these deposits. However, it is not known whether Zn is the only metal relevant for sub-RPE deposit formation. Because of their involvement in the pathogenesis of AMD, we determined the concentration and distribution of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) and compared these with Zn in isolated and sectioned macular (MSD), equatorial (PHD) and far peripheral (FPD) sub-RPE deposits from an 86 year old donor eye with post mortem diagnosis of early AMD. The sections were mounted on Zn free microscopy slides and analyzed by microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (μSXRF). Metal concentrations were determined using spiked sectioned sheep brain matrix standards, prepared the same way as the samples. The heterogeneity of metal distributions was examined using pixel by pixel comparison. The orders of metal concentrations were Ca ⋙ Zn > Fe in all three types of deposits but Cu levels were not distinguishable from background values. Zinc and Ca were consistently present in all deposits but reached highest concentration in MSD. Iron was present in some but not all deposits and was especially enriched in FPD. Correlation analysis indicated considerable variation in metal distribution within and between sub-RPE deposits. The results suggest that Zn and Ca are the most likely contributors to deposit formation especially in MSD, the characteristic risk factor for the development of AMD in the human eye.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/c4mt00058g","usgsCitation":"Flinn, J.M., Kakalec, P., Tappero, R., Jones, B.F., and Lengyel, I., 2014, Correlations in distribution and concentration of calcium, copper and iron with zinc in isolated extracellular deposits associated with age-related macular degeneration: Metallomics, v. 6, no. 7, p. 1223-1228, https://doi.org/10.1039/c4mt00058g.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1228","ipdsId":"IP-057601","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c4mt00058g","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1951e4b02ff32c699cb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flinn, Jane M","contributorId":190116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flinn","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kakalec, Peter","contributorId":190117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kakalec","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tappero, Ryan","contributorId":190118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tappero","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Blair F. bfjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":2784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Blair","email":"bfjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lengyel, Imre","contributorId":190119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lengyel","given":"Imre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70187340,"text":"70187340 - 2014 - Changes in vegetation and biological soil crust communities on sand dunes stabilizing after a century of grazing on San Miguel Island, Channel Island National Park, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T09:22:09","indexId":"70187340","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2785,"text":"Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in vegetation and biological soil crust communities on sand dunes stabilizing after a century of grazing on San Miguel Island, Channel Island National Park, California","docAbstract":"San Miguel Island is the westernmost of the California Channel Islands and one of the windiest areas on the west coast of North America. The majority of the island is covered by coastal sand dunes, which were stripped of vegetation and subsequently mobilized due to droughts and sheep ranching during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Since the removal of grazing animals, vegetation and biological soil crusts have once again stabilized many of the island's dunes. In this study, historical aerial photographs and field surveys were used to develop a chronosequence of the pattern of change in vegetation communities and biological soil crust levels of development (LOD) along a gradient of dune stabilization. Historical aerial photographs from 1929, 1954, 1977, and 2009 were georeferenced and used to delineate changes in vegetation canopy cover and active (unvegetated) dune extent among 5 historical periods (pre-1929, 1929–1954, 1954–1977, 1977–2009, and 2009–2011). During fieldwork, vegetation and biological soil crust communities were mapped along transects distributed throughout San Miguel Island's central dune field on land forms that had stabilized during the 5 time periods of interest. Analyses in a geographic information system (GIS) quantified the pattern of changes that vegetation and biological soil crust communities have exhibited on the San Miguel Island dunes over the past 80 years. Results revealed that a continuing increase in total vegetation cover and a complex pattern of change in vegetation communities have taken place on the San Miguel Island dunes since the removal of grazing animals. The highly specialized native vascular vegetation (sea rocket, dunedelion, beach-bur, and locoweed) are the pioneer stabilizers of the dunes. This pioneer community is replaced in later stages by communities that are dominated by native shrubs (coastal goldenbush, silver lupine, coyote-brush, and giant coreopsis), with apparently overlapping or cyclical succession pathways. Many of the dunes that have been stabilized the longest (since before 1929) are dominated by exotic grasses. Stands of biological soil crusts (cyanobacteria) are found only on dunes where vascular vegetation is already present. Biological soil crusts are not found on dunes exhibiting a closed vascular plant canopy, which may indicate that the role of soil crusts in dune stabilization on the island is transitory. Particle-size analyses of soil samples from the study area reveal that higher biological soil crust LOD is positively correlated with increasing fine grain content. The findings indicate that changes in vegetation communities may be the most rapid at earlier and later stages of dune stabilization and that regular monitoring of dunes may help to identify the interactions between vegetation and soil crusts, as well as the potential transitions between native and exotic plant communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/042.007.0118","usgsCitation":"Zellman, K.L., 2014, Changes in vegetation and biological soil crust communities on sand dunes stabilizing after a century of grazing on San Miguel Island, Channel Island National Park, California: Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, v. 7, no. 1, p. 225-245, https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0118.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"245","ipdsId":"IP-045921","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Miguel Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.00599664251842\n ],\n [\n -120.28175354003906,\n 34.00599664251842\n ],\n [\n -120.28175354003906,\n 34.085080620514844\n ],\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.085080620514844\n ],\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.00599664251842\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084934e4b0fc4e448ffd8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zellman, Kristine L. 0000-0002-7088-429X kzellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-429X","contributorId":4849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellman","given":"Kristine","email":"kzellman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":693541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185705,"text":"70185705 - 2014 - Resolving terrestrial ecosystem processes along a subgrid topographic gradient for an earth-system model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T09:58:08","indexId":"70185705","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1928,"text":"Hydrology and Earth System Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Resolving terrestrial ecosystem processes along a subgrid topographic gradient for an earth-system model","docAbstract":"Soil moisture is a crucial control on surface water and energy fluxes, vegetation, and soil carbon cycling. Earth-system models (ESMs) generally represent an areal-average soil-moisture state in gridcells at scales of 50–200 km and as a result are not able to capture the nonlinear effects of topographically-controlled subgrid heterogeneity in soil moisture, in particular where wetlands are present. We addressed this deficiency by building a subgrid representation of hillslope-scale topographic gradients, TiHy (Tiled-hillslope Hydrology), into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) land model (LM3). LM3-TiHy models one or more representative hillslope geometries for each gridcell by discretizing them into land model tiles hydrologically coupled along an upland-to-lowland gradient. Each tile has its own surface fluxes, vegetation, and vertically-resolved state variables for soil physics and biogeochemistry. LM3-TiHy simulates a gradient in soil moisture and water-table depth between uplands and lowlands in each gridcell. Three hillslope hydrological regimes appear in non-permafrost regions in the model: wet and poorly-drained, wet and well-drained, and dry; with large, small, and zero wetland area predicted, respectively. Compared to the untiled LM3 in stand-alone experiments, LM3-TiHy simulates similar surface energy and water fluxes in the gridcell-mean. However, in marginally wet regions around the globe, LM3-TiHy simulates shallow groundwater in lowlands, leading to higher evapotranspiration, lower surface temperature, and higher leaf area compared to uplands in the same gridcells. Moreover, more than four-fold larger soil carbon concentrations are simulated globally in lowlands as compared with uplands. We compared water-table depths to those simulated by a recent global model-observational synthesis, and we compared wetland and inundated areas diagnosed from the model to observational datasets. The comparisons demonstrate that LM3-TiHy has the capability to represent some of the controls of these hydrological variables, but also that improvement in parameterization and input datasets are needed for more realistic simulations. We found large sensitivity in model-diagnosed wetland and inundated area to the depth of conductive soil and the parameterization of macroporosity. With improved parameterization and inclusion of peatland biogeochemical processes, the model could provide a new approach to investigating the vulnerability of Boreal peatland carbon to climate change in ESMs.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hessd-11-8443-2014","usgsCitation":"Subin, Z., Milly, P., Sulman, B.N., Malyshev, S., and Shevliakova, E., 2014, Resolving terrestrial ecosystem processes along a subgrid topographic gradient for an earth-system model: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 11, p. 8443-8492, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-8443-2014.","productDescription":"50 p.","startPage":"8443","endPage":"8492","ipdsId":"IP-056981","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473315,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-8443-2014","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338439,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7631e4b0ee37af29e4a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Subin, Z M","contributorId":189918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Subin","given":"Z M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milly, Paul C.D. 0000-0003-4389-3139 cmilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4389-3139","contributorId":2119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milly","given":"Paul C.D.","email":"cmilly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sulman, B N","contributorId":189919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sulman","given":"B","email":"","middleInitial":"N","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Malyshev, Sergey","contributorId":189177,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Malyshev","given":"Sergey","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shevliakova, E","contributorId":189920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shevliakova","given":"E","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ]}