Subsurface flow and storage dynamics at hillslope scale are difficult to ascertain, often in part due to a lack of sufficient high-resolution measurements and an incomplete understanding of boundary conditions, soil properties, and other environmental aspects. A continuous and extreme rainfall experiment on an artificial hillslope at Biosphere 2's Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO) resulted in saturation excess overland flow and gully erosion in the convergent hillslope area. An array of 496 soil moisture sensors revealed a two-step saturation process. First, the downward movement of the wetting front brought soils to a relatively constant but still unsaturated moisture content. Second, soils were brought to saturated conditions from below in response to rising water tables. Convergent areas responded faster than upslope areas, due to contributions from lateral subsurface flow driven by the topography of the bottom boundary, which is comparable to impermeable bedrock in natural environments. This led to the formation of a groundwater ridge in the convergent area, triggering saturation excess runoff generation. This unique experiment demonstrates, at very high spatial and temporal resolution, the role of convergence on subsurface storage and flow dynamics. The results bring into question the representation of saturation excess overland flow in conceptual rainfall-runoff models and land-surface models, since flow is gravity-driven in many of these models and upper layers cannot become saturated from below. The results also provide a baseline to study the role of the co-evolution of ecological and hydrological processes in determining landscape water dynamics during future experiments in LEO.
","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014","usgsCitation":"Gevaert, A., Teuling, A.J., Uijlenhoet, R., DeLong, S.B., Huxman, T., Pangle, L.A., Breshears, D.D., Chorover, J., Pelletier, J.D., Saleska, S., Zeng, X., and Troch, P.A., 2014, Hillslope-scale experiment demonstrates role of convergence during two-step saturation: Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, v. 18, p. 3681-1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"3681","endPage":"1692","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-057567","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473316,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3681-2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bc3e4b08de9379b34b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gevaert, A. 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In tropical reefs, encrusting coralline algae bind together substrates and dead coral framework to make continuous reef structures, but beyond the photic zone, the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa also forms large biogenic reefs, facilitated by skeletal fusion. Skeletal fusion in tropical corals can occur in closely related or juvenile individuals as a result of non-aggressive skeletal overgrowth or allogeneic tissue fusion, but contact reactions in many species result in mortality if there is no ‘self-recognition’ on a broad species level. This study reveals areas of ‘flawless’ skeletal fusion in Lophelia pertusa, potentially facilitated by allogeneic tissue fusion, are identified as having small aragonitic crystals or low levels of crystal organisation, and strong molecular bonding. Regardless of the mechanism, the recognition of ‘self’ between adjacent L. pertusa colonies leads to no observable mortality, facilitates ecosystem engineering and reduces aggression-related energetic expenditure in an environment where energy conservation is crucial. The potential for self-recognition at a species level, and subsequent skeletal fusion in framework-forming cold-water corals is an important first step in understanding their significance as ecological engineers in deep-seas worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/srep06782","usgsCitation":"Hennige, S.J., Morrison, C.L., Form, A.U., Buscher, J., Kamenos, N.A., and Roberts, J.M., 2014, Self-recognition in corals facilitates deep-sea habitat engineering: Scientific Reports, v. 4, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06782.","productDescription":"Article 6782; 7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-052554","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473433,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06782","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":339271,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":10,"text":"Baltimore PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e60273e4b09da6799ac68b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hennige, Sebastian J","contributorId":190561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hennige","given":"Sebastian","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morrison, Cheryl L. 0000-0001-9425-691X cmorrison@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-691X","contributorId":146488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"Cheryl","email":"cmorrison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":689592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Form, Armin U.","contributorId":190562,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Form","given":"Armin","email":"","middleInitial":"U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buscher, Janina","contributorId":190563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscher","given":"Janina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kamenos, Nicholas A.","contributorId":190564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kamenos","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":689596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roberts, J. 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These data, collected during eight separate surveys between 2002 and 2013, covering almost 180,000 square kilometers are published here in large format map sheet and digital spatial data. This report describes the common multibeam data collection, and processing methods used to produce the bathymetric terrain model and corresponding data source polygon. 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It provides an introduction to the economic techniques used to measure changes in social welfare and describes which methods may be most appropriate for use in valuing particular ecosystem services. Rather than providing comprehensive valuation instructions,it directs readers to additional resources.More generally, it establishes that the valuation of ecosystem services is grounded in a long history of non-market valuation and discusses how ecosystem services valuation can be conducted within established economic theory and techniques.
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US Geological Survey (USGS) research on landslide hazard assessment has explored a range of methods that can be used to estimate temporal and spatial landslide potential and probability for various scales and purposes. Cases taken primarily from our work in the U.S. Pacific Northwest illustrate and compare a sampling of methods, approaches, and progress. For example, landform mapping using high-resolution topographic data resulted in identification of about four times more landslides in Seattle, Washington, than previous efforts using aerial photography. Susceptibility classes based on the landforms captured 93 % of all historical landslides (all types) throughout the city. A deterministic model for rainfall infiltration and shallow landslide initiation, TRIGRS, was able to identify locations of 92 % of historical shallow landslides in southwest Seattle. The potentially unstable areas identified by TRIGRS occupied only 26 % of the slope areas steeper than 20°. Addition of an unsaturated infiltration model to TRIGRS expands the applicability of the model to areas of highly permeable soils. Replacement of the single cell, 1D factor of safety with a simple 3D method of columns improves accuracy of factor of safety predictions for both saturated and unsaturated infiltration models. A 3D deterministic model for large, deep landslides, SCOOPS, combined with a three-dimensional model for groundwater flow, successfully predicted instability in steep areas of permeable outwash sand and topographic reentrants. These locations are consistent with locations of large, deep, historically active landslides. For an area in Seattle, a composite of the three maps illustrates how maps produced by different approaches might be combined to assess overall landslide potential. Examples from Oregon, USA, illustrate how landform mapping and deterministic analysis for shallow landslide potential have been adapted into standardized methods for efficiently producing detailed landslide inventory and shallow landslide susceptibility maps that have consistent content and format statewide.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-04999-1_2","usgsCitation":"Baum, R.L., Schulz, W.H., Brien, D.L., Burns, W.J., Reid, M.E., and Godt, J.W., 2014, Plenary: Progress in Regional Landslide Hazard Assessment—Examples from the USA, in Landslide science for a safer geoenvironment, p. 21-36, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04999-1_2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"36","ipdsId":"IP-052503","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59006065e4b0e85db3a5ddf3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baum, Rex L. 0000-0001-5337-1970 baum@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5337-1970","contributorId":1288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baum","given":"Rex","email":"baum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulz, William H. 0000-0001-9980-3580 wschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9980-3580","contributorId":942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"William","email":"wschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brien, Dianne L. dbrien@usgs.gov","contributorId":3296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brien","given":"Dianne","email":"dbrien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":363,"text":"Landslide Hazards Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":519657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burns, William J.","contributorId":50078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reid, Mark E. 0000-0002-5595-1503 mreid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5595-1503","contributorId":1167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"Mark","email":"mreid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Godt, Jonathan W. 0000-0002-8737-2493 jgodt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-2493","contributorId":1166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godt","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgodt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70185997,"text":"70185997 - 2014 - The curved 14C vs. δ13C relationship in dissolved inorganic carbon: A useful tool for groundwater age- and geochemical interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:32:24","indexId":"70185997","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The curved 14C vs. δ13C relationship in dissolved inorganic carbon: A useful tool for groundwater age- and geochemical interpretations","docAbstract":"Determination of the 14C content of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is useful for dating of groundwater. However, in addition to radioactive decay, the 14C content in DIC (14CDIC) can be affected by many geochemical and physical processes and numerous models have been proposed to refine radiocarbon ages of DIC in groundwater systems. Changes in the δ13C content of DIC (δ13CDIC) often can be used to deduce the processes that affect the carbon isotopic composition of DIC and the 14C value during the chemical evolution of groundwater. This paper shows that a curved relationship of 14CDIC vs. δ13CDIC will be observed for groundwater systems if (1) the change in δ13C value in DIC is caused by a first-order or pseudo-first-order process, e.g. isotopic exchange between DIC and solid carbonate, (2) the reaction/process progresses with the ageing of the groundwater, i.e. with decay of 14C in DIC, and (3) the magnitude of the rate of change in δ13C of DIC is comparable with that of 14C decay. In this paper, we use a lumped parameter method to derive a model based on the curved relationship between 14CDICand δ13CDIC. The derived model, if used for isotopic exchange between DIC and solid carbonate, is identical to that derived by Gonfiantini and Zuppi (2003). The curved relationship of 14CDIC vs. δ13CDIC can be applied to interpret the age of the DIC in groundwater. Results of age calculations using the method discussed in this paper are compared with those obtained by using other methods that calculate the age of DIC based on adjusted initial radiocarbon values for individual samples. This paper shows that in addition to groundwater age interpretation, the lumped parameter method presented here also provides a useful tool for geochemical interpretations, e.g. estimation of apparent rates of geochemical reactions and revealing the complexity of the geochemical environment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.08.026","usgsCitation":"Han, L., Plummer, N., and Aggarwal, P., 2014, The curved 14C vs. δ13C relationship in dissolved inorganic carbon: A useful tool for groundwater age- and geochemical interpretations: Chemical Geology, v. 387, p. 111-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.08.026.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"125","ipdsId":"IP-059185","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338848,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"387","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1951e4b02ff32c699cb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Han, Liang-Feng","contributorId":190113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Han","given":"Liang-Feng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aggarwal, Pradeep","contributorId":66143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aggarwal","given":"Pradeep","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186002,"text":"70186002 - 2014 - Correlations in distribution and concentration of calcium, copper and iron with zinc in isolated extracellular deposits associated with age-related macular degeneration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-30T15:31:55","indexId":"70186002","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5358,"text":"Metallomics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Correlations in distribution and concentration of calcium, copper and iron with zinc in isolated extracellular deposits associated with age-related macular degeneration","docAbstract":"Zinc (Zn) is abundantly enriched in sub-retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) deposits, the hallmarks of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and is thought to play a role in the formation of these deposits. However, it is not known whether Zn is the only metal relevant for sub-RPE deposit formation. Because of their involvement in the pathogenesis of AMD, we determined the concentration and distribution of calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) and compared these with Zn in isolated and sectioned macular (MSD), equatorial (PHD) and far peripheral (FPD) sub-RPE deposits from an 86 year old donor eye with post mortem diagnosis of early AMD. The sections were mounted on Zn free microscopy slides and analyzed by microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (μSXRF). Metal concentrations were determined using spiked sectioned sheep brain matrix standards, prepared the same way as the samples. The heterogeneity of metal distributions was examined using pixel by pixel comparison. The orders of metal concentrations were Ca ⋙ Zn > Fe in all three types of deposits but Cu levels were not distinguishable from background values. Zinc and Ca were consistently present in all deposits but reached highest concentration in MSD. Iron was present in some but not all deposits and was especially enriched in FPD. Correlation analysis indicated considerable variation in metal distribution within and between sub-RPE deposits. The results suggest that Zn and Ca are the most likely contributors to deposit formation especially in MSD, the characteristic risk factor for the development of AMD in the human eye.
","language":"English","publisher":"Royal Society of Chemistry","doi":"10.1039/c4mt00058g","usgsCitation":"Flinn, J.M., Kakalec, P., Tappero, R., Jones, B.F., and Lengyel, I., 2014, Correlations in distribution and concentration of calcium, copper and iron with zinc in isolated extracellular deposits associated with age-related macular degeneration: Metallomics, v. 6, no. 7, p. 1223-1228, https://doi.org/10.1039/c4mt00058g.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1223","endPage":"1228","ipdsId":"IP-057601","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c4mt00058g","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":338851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58de1951e4b02ff32c699cb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flinn, Jane M","contributorId":190116,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flinn","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kakalec, Peter","contributorId":190117,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kakalec","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tappero, Ryan","contributorId":190118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tappero","given":"Ryan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Blair F. bfjones@usgs.gov","contributorId":2784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Blair","email":"bfjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lengyel, Imre","contributorId":190119,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lengyel","given":"Imre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":687315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156247,"text":"70156247 - 2014 - Modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T15:08:48","indexId":"70156247","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals","docAbstract":"The study of population dynamics requires unbiased, precise estimates of abundance and vital rates that account for the demographic structure inherent in all wildlife and plant populations. Traditionally, these estimates have only been available through approaches that rely on intensive mark–recapture data. We extended recently developed N-mixture models to demonstrate how demographic parameters and abundance can be estimated for structured populations using only stage-structured count data. Our modeling framework can be used to make reliable inferences on abundance as well as recruitment, immigration, stage-specific survival, and detection rates during sampling. We present a range of simulations to illustrate the data requirements, including the number of years and locations necessary for accurate and precise parameter estimates. We apply our modeling framework to a population of northern dusky salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus) in the mid-Atlantic region (USA) and find that the population is unexpectedly declining. Our approach represents a valuable advance in the estimation of population dynamics using multistate data from unmarked individuals and should additionally be useful in the development of integrated models that combine data from intensive (e.g., mark–recapture) and extensive (e.g., counts) data sources.
San Miguel Island is the westernmost of the California Channel Islands and one of the windiest areas on the west coast of North America. The majority of the island is covered by coastal sand dunes, which were stripped of vegetation and subsequently mobilized due to droughts and sheep ranching during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Since the removal of grazing animals, vegetation and biological soil crusts have once again stabilized many of the island's dunes. In this study, historical aerial photographs and field surveys were used to develop a chronosequence of the pattern of change in vegetation communities and biological soil crust levels of development (LOD) along a gradient of dune stabilization. Historical aerial photographs from 1929, 1954, 1977, and 2009 were georeferenced and used to delineate changes in vegetation canopy cover and active (unvegetated) dune extent among 5 historical periods (pre-1929, 1929–1954, 1954–1977, 1977–2009, and 2009–2011). During fieldwork, vegetation and biological soil crust communities were mapped along transects distributed throughout San Miguel Island's central dune field on land forms that had stabilized during the 5 time periods of interest. Analyses in a geographic information system (GIS) quantified the pattern of changes that vegetation and biological soil crust communities have exhibited on the San Miguel Island dunes over the past 80 years. Results revealed that a continuing increase in total vegetation cover and a complex pattern of change in vegetation communities have taken place on the San Miguel Island dunes since the removal of grazing animals. The highly specialized native vascular vegetation (sea rocket, dunedelion, beach-bur, and locoweed) are the pioneer stabilizers of the dunes. This pioneer community is replaced in later stages by communities that are dominated by native shrubs (coastal goldenbush, silver lupine, coyote-brush, and giant coreopsis), with apparently overlapping or cyclical succession pathways. Many of the dunes that have been stabilized the longest (since before 1929) are dominated by exotic grasses. Stands of biological soil crusts (cyanobacteria) are found only on dunes where vascular vegetation is already present. Biological soil crusts are not found on dunes exhibiting a closed vascular plant canopy, which may indicate that the role of soil crusts in dune stabilization on the island is transitory. Particle-size analyses of soil samples from the study area reveal that higher biological soil crust LOD is positively correlated with increasing fine grain content. The findings indicate that changes in vegetation communities may be the most rapid at earlier and later stages of dune stabilization and that regular monitoring of dunes may help to identify the interactions between vegetation and soil crusts, as well as the potential transitions between native and exotic plant communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University","doi":"10.3398/042.007.0118","usgsCitation":"Zellman, K.L., 2014, Changes in vegetation and biological soil crust communities on sand dunes stabilizing after a century of grazing on San Miguel Island, Channel Island National Park, California: Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist, v. 7, no. 1, p. 225-245, https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0118.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"245","ipdsId":"IP-045921","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3398/042.007.0118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340691,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Miguel Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.00599664251842\n ],\n [\n -120.28175354003906,\n 34.00599664251842\n ],\n [\n -120.28175354003906,\n 34.085080620514844\n ],\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.085080620514844\n ],\n [\n -120.46920776367188,\n 34.00599664251842\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59084934e4b0fc4e448ffd8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zellman, Kristine L. 0000-0002-7088-429X kzellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7088-429X","contributorId":4849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellman","given":"Kristine","email":"kzellman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":693541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156245,"text":"70156245 - 2014 - Stream water temperature limits occupancy of salamanders in mid-Atlantic protected areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-10T16:55:27.401072","indexId":"70156245","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream water temperature limits occupancy of salamanders in mid-Atlantic protected areas","docAbstract":"Stream ecosystems are particularly sensitive to urbanization, and tolerance of water-quality parameters is likely important to population persistence of stream salamanders. Forecasted climate and landscape changes may lead to significant changes in stream flow, chemical composition, and temperatures in coming decades. Protected areas where landscape alterations are minimized will therefore become increasingly important for salamander populations. We surveyed 29 streams at three national parks in the highly urbanized greater metropolitan area of Washington, DC. We investigated relationships among water-quality variables and occupancy of three species of stream salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus, Eurycea bislineata, and Pseudotriton ruber). With the use of a set of site-occupancy models, and accounting for imperfect detection, we found that stream-water temperature limits salamander occupancy. There was substantial uncertainty about the effects of the other water-quality variables, although both specific conductance (SC) and pH were included in competitive models. Our estimates of occupancy suggest that temperature, SC, and pH have some importance in structuring stream salamander distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/12-138","usgsCitation":"Grant, E., Wiewel, A., and Rice, K.C., 2014, Stream water temperature limits occupancy of salamanders in mid-Atlantic protected areas: Journal of Herpetology, v. 48, no. 1, p. 45-50, https://doi.org/10.1670/12-138.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"45","endPage":"50","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061664","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, Prince William Forest Park, Rock Creek Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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Campbell ehgrant@usgs.gov","contributorId":146545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"Evan H. Campbell","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiewel, Amber N. M. awiewel@usgs.gov","contributorId":146573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiewel","given":"Amber N. M.","email":"awiewel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rice, Karen C. 0000-0002-9356-5443 kcrice@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9356-5443","contributorId":1998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Karen","email":"kcrice@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":568331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70155023,"text":"70155023 - 2014 - Seismometer Self-Noise and Measuring Methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-31T12:00:57","indexId":"70155023","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seismometer Self-Noise and Measuring Methods","docAbstract":"Seismometer self-noise is usually not considered when selecting and using seismic waveform data in scientific research as it is typically assumed that the self-noise is negligibly small compared to seismic signals. However, instrumental noise is part of the noise in any seismic record, and in particular, at frequencies below a few mHz, the instrumental noise has a frequency-dependent character and may dominate the noise. When seismic noise itself is considered as a carrier of information, as in seismic interferometry (e.g., Chaput et al. 2012), it becomes extremely important to estimate the contribution of instrumental noise to the recordings.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_175-1","collaboration":"R. Sleeman; C. R. Hutt; L. S. Gee","usgsCitation":"Ringler, A.T., R. Sleeman, Hutt, C.R., and Gee, L.S., 2014, Seismometer Self-Noise and Measuring Methods, chap. of Encyclopedia of Earthquake Engineering, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_175-1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052770","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":305672,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-642-36197-5_175-1"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-09-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c7ffbee4b0f2f0cebfc334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ringler, Adam T. 0000-0002-9839-4188 aringler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":145576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"Adam","email":"aringler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"R. Sleeman","contributorId":145584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"R. Sleeman","affiliations":[{"id":16158,"text":"Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":564696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gee, Lind S. lgee@usgs.gov","contributorId":145579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"Lind","email":"lgee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":564698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70189052,"text":"70189052 - 2014 - Petrology and chemistry of the Green Acres gabbro complex near Winchester, Riverside County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-01T16:12:12","indexId":"70189052","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Petrology and chemistry of the Green Acres gabbro complex near Winchester, Riverside County, California","docAbstract":"The Cretaceous Green Acres layered igneous complex, northeast of Winchester, California, is composed of a suite of olivine- and hornblende-bearing gabbros in the Peninsular Ranges batholith within the Perris tectonic block. A consistent mineral assemblage is observed throughout the complex, but there is considerable textural and modal heterogeneity. Both preclude a consistent set of principles based on appearance and mineralogy on which to delineate map units. Distinct changes in the chemistry of olivine, pyroxene, and hornblende, however, serve to define discrete mappable units, and the complex has been divided into five geochemical map units on this basis.
Limited whole-rock data show the Green Acres complex is chemically comparable to other Peninsular Ranges batholith gabbroic rocks, and rare earth element (REE) concentrations and patterns are typical of magmas generated in convergent margin settings. For the complex as a whole, olivine is Fo80–35, plagioclase is An100–64, clinopyroxene is Wo49–41En48–38Fs18–6 and Wo36–26En65–42Fs30–8, and orthopyroxene is Wo5–0En78–42Fs50–21, where Fo is forsterite, An is anorthite, Wo is wollastonite, En is enstatite, and Fs is ferrosilite. The Mg/(Mg + ΣFe) atomic ratio in hornblende ranges from 0.84 to 0.50.
Magmatic lineations and modal and textural layering are prevalent throughout the complex. Mineral chemistry does not change in any systematic way within and between layers in any map unit. Although the strike of layering varies, in any map unit at any given location it is the same in all units irrespective of intrusive order. Thin dikes, typically late-stage hornblende gabbro, commonly intrude parallel to layering. The strikes of magmatic lineations and modal layers are consistent with the populations of strikes of fabrics in the metamorphic basement as well as tectonic features in surrounding, postgabbro granitic rocks. These relations imply that the regional state of stress at the time of gabbro emplacement played a role in layer formation in conjunction with thermal and hydraulic pressure perturbations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Peninsular Ranges Batholith, Baja California and Southern California","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.1211(10)","usgsCitation":"Berger, B.R., 2014, Petrology and chemistry of the Green Acres gabbro complex near Winchester, Riverside County, California, chap. of Peninsular Ranges Batholith, Baja California and Southern California, v. 211, p. 365-394, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.1211(10).","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"394","ipdsId":"IP-026650","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":343147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Riverside County","volume":"211","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c2e4b0d1f9f05067ba","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Morton, Douglas M. scamp@usgs.gov","contributorId":4102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"Douglas","email":"scamp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":702736,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Fred K.","contributorId":89503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702737,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70173451,"text":"70173451 - 2014 - Learning rate and temperament in a high predation risk environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T12:32:01","indexId":"70173451","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Learning rate and temperament in a high predation risk environment","docAbstract":"Living in challenging environments can influence the behavior of animals in a number of ways. For instance, populations of prey fish that experience frequent, nonlethal interactions with predators have a high proportion of individuals that express greater reaction to risk and increased activity and exploration—collectively known as temperament traits. Temperament traits are often correlated, such that individuals that are risk-prone also tend to be active and explore more. Spatial learning, which requires the integration of many sensory cues, has also been shown to vary in fish exposed to different levels of predation threat. Fish from areas of low predation risk learn to solve spatial tasks faster than fish from high predation areas. However, it is not yet known whether simpler forms of learning, such as learning associations between two events, are similarly influenced. Simple forms of associative learning are likely to be affected by temperament because a willingness to approach and explore novel situations could provide animals with a learning advantage. However, it is possible that routine-forming and inflexible traits associated with risk-prone and increased exploratory behavior may act in the opposite way and make risk-prone individuals poorer at learning associations. To investigate this, we measured temperament in Panamanian bishop fish (Brachyrhaphis episcopi) sampled from a site known to contain many predators. The B. episcopi were then tested with an associative learning task. Within this population, fish that explored more were faster at learning a cue that predicted access to food, indicating a link between temperament and basic learning abilities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"Berlin","doi":"10.1007/s00442-014-3099-z","usgsCitation":"DePasquale, C., Wagner, T., Archard, G., Ferguson, B., and Braithwaite, V., 2014, Learning rate and temperament in a high predation risk environment: Oecologia, v. 176, no. 3, p. 661-667, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-3099-z.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"661","endPage":"667","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056542","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-3099-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323992,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.64141845703125,\n 9.725300127953927\n ],\n [\n -84.64141845703125,\n 9.91474384324173\n ],\n [\n -82.97698974609375,\n 9.91474384324173\n ],\n [\n -82.97698974609375,\n 9.725300127953927\n ],\n [\n -84.64141845703125,\n 9.725300127953927\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"176","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913d2e4b07657d19ff14e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DePasquale, C.","contributorId":172162,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"DePasquale","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Archard, G.A.","contributorId":172163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Archard","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ferguson, B.","contributorId":172164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferguson","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Braithwaite, V.A.","contributorId":172165,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Braithwaite","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70127817,"text":"70127817 - 2014 - The misconception of ecosystem disservices: How a catchy term may yield the wrong messages for science and society","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-28T09:30:48","indexId":"70127817","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The misconception of ecosystem disservices: How a catchy term may yield the wrong messages for science and society","docAbstract":"In their recent article, Shapiro and Báldi (2014) build on the long-running narrative of “ecosystem services and disservices” (e.g., Zhang et al., 2007 ; Lyytimäki et al., 2008), describing how nature yields both benefits and harms to society. These harms include crop pests, floods, landslides, wildfires, and zoonotic disease transmission, among others. While we agree with their argument that calculation of these harms is commonplace and corresponding quantification of benefits is needed, we feel the use of the concept of “ecosystem disservices” hampers, rather than helps, the development of an integrative and constructive dialogue about conservation and the complex interrelationships between humans and nature. Estimation of costs and benefits and their balancing as positives or negatives is a principal activity in economics; however, we fear that in this case the term “disservice” carries the wrong message for both science and society.
","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.09.003","usgsCitation":"Villa, F., Bagstad, K.J., Voigt, B., Johnson, G.W., Athanasiadis, I., and Balbi, S., 2014, The misconception of ecosystem disservices: How a catchy term may yield the wrong messages for science and society: Ecosystem Services, v. 10, p. 52-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.09.003.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"53","ipdsId":"IP-057447","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-misconception-of-ecosystem-disservices-how-a-catchy-term-may-","text":"External Repository"},{"id":340584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"590454a8e4b022cee40dc25c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Villa, Ferdinando","contributorId":84249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villa","given":"Ferdinando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagstad, Kenneth J. 0000-0001-8857-5615 kjbagstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-5615","contributorId":3680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagstad","given":"Kenneth","email":"kjbagstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":519645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voigt, Brian","contributorId":102962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voigt","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Gary W.","contributorId":90618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Athanasiadis, Ioannis N","contributorId":119857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Athanasiadis","given":"Ioannis N","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Balbi, Stefano","contributorId":121310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balbi","given":"Stefano","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70148145,"text":"70148145 - 2014 - Assessing distribution of migratory fishes and connectivity following complete and partial dam removals in a North Carolina River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T13:44:03","indexId":"70148145","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing distribution of migratory fishes and connectivity following complete and partial dam removals in a North Carolina River","docAbstract":"Fish, especially migratory species, are assumed to benefit from dam removals that restore connectivity and access to upstream habitat, but few studies have evaluated this assumption. Therefore, we assessed the movement of migratory fishes in the springs of 2008 through 2010 and surveyed available habitat in the Little River, North Carolina, a tributary to the Neuse River, after three complete dam removals and one partial (notched) dam removal. We tagged migratory fishes with PIT tags at a resistance-board weir located at a dam removal site (river kilometer [rkm] 3.7) and followed their movements with an array of PIT antennas. The river-wide distribution of fish following removals varied by species. For example, 24–31% of anadromous American Shad Alosa sapidissima, 45–49% of resident Gizzard Shad Dorosoma cepedianum, and 4–11% of nonnative Flathead CatfishPylodictis olivaris passed the dam removal site at rkm 56 in 2009 and 2010. No preremoval data were available for comparison, but reach connectivity appeared to increase as tagged individuals passed former dam sites and certain individuals moved extensively both upstream and downstream. However, 17–28% did not pass the partially removed dam at rkm 7.9, while 20–39% of those that passed remained downstream for more than a day before migrating upstream. Gizzard Shad required the deepest water to pass this notched structure, followed by American Shad then Flathead Catfish. Fish that passed the notched dam accessed more complex habitat (e.g., available substrate size-classes) in the middle and upper reaches. The results provide strong support for efforts to restore currently inaccessible habitat through complete removal of derelict dams.
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estimate of bird–window collisions by Loss et al. is an example of the somewhat contentious approach of using extrapolations to obtain large-scale estimates from small-scale studies. We review the approach by Loss et al. and other authors who have published papers on human-induced avian mortality and describe the drawbacks and advantages to publishing what could be considered imperfect science. The main drawback is the inherent and somewhat unquantifiable bias of using small-scale studies to scale up to a national estimate. The direct benefits include development of new methodologies for creating the estimates, an explicit treatment of known biases with acknowledged uncertainty in the final estimate, and the novel results. Other overarching benefits are that these types of papers are catalysts for improving all aspects of the science of estimates and for policies that must respond to the new information.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/CONDOR-13-134.1","usgsCitation":"Machtans, C.S., and Thogmartin, W.E., 2014, Understanding the value of imperfect science from national estimates of bird mortality from window collisions: Condor, v. 116, no. 1, p. 3-7, https://doi.org/10.1650/CONDOR-13-134.1.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-052841","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/condor-13-134.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":351292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":15,"text":"Madison PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7c1e7ce4b00f54eb229360","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Machtans, Craig S.","contributorId":202180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Machtans","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36360,"text":"Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":727762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":727761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147912,"text":"70147912 - 2014 - Evidence of natural reproduction by Muskellunge in middle Tennessee rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-08T10:49:54","indexId":"70147912","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence of natural reproduction by Muskellunge in middle Tennessee rivers","docAbstract":"Native Esox masquinongy (Muskellunge) in the Cumberland River drainage, TN, were nearly extirpated in the 1970s due to decades of over-fishing and habitat degradation from coal mining, logging, and other land-use practices. In an effort to preserve the species in that drainage, a stocking program began in 1976 in the upper Caney Fork River system in middle Tennessee where Muskellunge were not native. A trophy Muskellunge fishery eventually developed, but it was unknown whether Muskellunge were reproducing in the upper Caney Fork River system or whether the fishery was wholly dependent on the stocking program. To establish evidence of natural reproduction, we used seines, backpack electrofishing, and boat electrofishing gear in 2012 to find age-0 Muskellunge in the upper Caney Fork River system. Natural reproduction of Muskellunge was documented in the mainstem Caney Fork River above Great Falls Dam and in 3 of its 4 major tributaries. Seventeen age-0 Muskellunge were collected and one other was observed, but not handled. Age-0 Muskellunge grew rapidly (1.80–2.34 mm/day), and the largest fish collected during the study reached a total length of 399 mm by 9 October 2012. A cessation of stocking for several years coupled with routine monitoring could reveal whether natural recruitment is sufficient to sustain the fishery.
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We developed a statistically and biologically defensible multimetric index of fish assemblages for the Caney Fork River below Center Hill Dam, Tennessee. Fish assemblages were sampled at five sites using boat-mounted and backpack electrofishing gear from fall 2009 through summer 2011. A multivariate statistical approach was used to select metrics that best reflected the downstream gradients in abiotic variables. Five metrics derived from boat electrofishing samples and four metrics derived from backpack electrofishing samples were selected for incorporation into the index based on their high correlation with environmental data. The nine metrics demonstrated predictable patterns of increase or decrease with increasing distance downstream of the dam. The multimetric index generally exhibited a pattern of increasing scores with increasing distance from the dam, indicating a downstream recovery gradient in fish assemblage composition. The index can be used to monitor anticipated changes in the fish communities of the Caney Fork River when repairs to Center Hill Dam are completed later this decade, resulting in altered dam operations.
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Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147238,"text":"70147238 - 2014 - Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T11:23:54","indexId":"70147238","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":900,"text":"Ardea","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations","docAbstract":"Conservation of long-distance migratory shorebirds is complex because these species use habitats spread across continents and hemispheres, making identification of critical habitats and potential bottlenecks in the annual cycle especially difficult. The population of Black-tailed Godwits that breeds in Western Europe, Limosa limosa limosa, has declined precipitously over the past few decades. Despite significant efforts to identify the root causes of this decline, much remains unclear. To better understand the migratory timing, use of stopover and nonbreeding sites, and the potential impact of breeding success on these parameters, we attached 15 Argos satellite transmitters and 10 geolocation tracking devices to adult godwits nearing completion of incubation at breeding sites in southwest Friesland, The Netherlands during the spring of 2009. We successfully tracked 16 adult godwits for their entire southward migration and two others for part of it. Three migration patterns and four regions of use were apparent. Most godwits left their breeding sites and proceeded south directly to stopover sites in the Mediterranean — e.g. Spain, Portugal, and Morocco — before flying on to non-breeding sites in West Africa. Other individuals spent the entire nonbreeding season in the Mediterranean. A third pattern included a few individuals that flew nonstop from their Dutch breeding sites to nonbreeding sites in West Africa. Tracking data from this study will be immediately useful for conservation efforts focused on preserving the dispersed network of sites used by godwits during their southward migration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Netherlands Ornithologists' Union","doi":"10.5253/078.101.0209","usgsCitation":"Hooijmeijer, J.C., Senner, N.R., Tibbitts, T.L., Gill, R., Douglas, D.C., Bruinzeel, L.W., Wymenga, E., and Piersma, T., 2014, Post-breeding migration of Dutch-breeding black-tailed godwits: timing, routes, use of stopovers, and nonbreeding destinations: Ardea, v. 101, no. 2, p. 141-152, https://doi.org/10.5253/078.101.0209.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"152","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-048977","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473318,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5253/078.101.0209","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299955,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"The Netherlands","state":"Friesland","otherGeospatial":"Mediterranean, West Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 7.207031249999999,\n 53.225768435790194\n ],\n [\n 6.30615234375,\n 53.605544099238\n ],\n [\n 5.07568359375,\n 53.409531853086435\n ],\n [\n 4.581298828125,\n 53.034607110319044\n ],\n [\n 4.306640625,\n 52.18066872927715\n ],\n [\n 3.40576171875,\n 51.60437164681676\n ],\n [\n -1.494140625,\n 46.28622391806706\n ],\n [\n -9.4482421875,\n 38.85682013474361\n ],\n [\n -17.402343749999996,\n 14.774882506516272\n ],\n [\n -16.34765625,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n -5.16357421875,\n 7.100892668623654\n ],\n [\n -3.6035156249999996,\n 13.923403897723347\n ],\n [\n 4.482421875,\n 15.792253570362446\n ],\n [\n -4.921875,\n 35.460669951495305\n ],\n [\n 5.053710937499999,\n 49.781264058178344\n ],\n [\n 7.207031249999999,\n 53.225768435790194\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"101","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5542012de4b0a658d793b44f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooijmeijer, Jos C. E. W.","contributorId":64996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooijmeijer","given":"Jos","email":"","middleInitial":"C. E. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senner, Nathan R.","contributorId":140465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senner","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tibbitts, T. Lee 0000-0002-0290-7592 ltibbitts@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-7592","contributorId":140455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tibbitts","given":"T.","email":"ltibbitts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Lee","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gill, Robert E. Jr. 0000-0002-6385-4500 rgill@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6385-4500","contributorId":171747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Robert E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rgill@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Douglas, David C. 0000-0003-0186-1104 ddouglas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0186-1104","contributorId":2388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"David","email":"ddouglas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bruinzeel, Leo W.","contributorId":31675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruinzeel","given":"Leo","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wymenga, Eddy","contributorId":140466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wymenga","given":"Eddy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Piersma, Theunis","contributorId":95369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piersma","given":"Theunis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":545762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70148121,"text":"70148121 - 2014 - Distribution and habitat associations of juvenile Common Snook in the lower Rio Grande, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:28:30","indexId":"70148121","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2680,"text":"Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and habitat associations of juvenile Common Snook in the lower Rio Grande, Texas","docAbstract":"Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis were once abundant off the Texas coast, but these populations are now characterized by low abundance and erratic recruitment. Most research concerning Common Snook in North America has been conducted in Florida and very little is known about the specific biology and habitat needs of Common Snook in Texas. The primary objective of this study was to describe the habitat use patterns of juvenile Common Snook and their role in the fish assemblage in the lower portion of the Rio Grande, Texas. Secondarily, we documented the relationship between age and juvenile reproductive development. Fish were collected during January–March 2006 from the lower 51.5 km of the Rio Grande using a bottom trawl and boat-mounted electrofisher. Measurements of water quality and other habitat traits were recorded at each sampling site. We captured 225 Common Snook exclusively in freshwater habitats above river kilometer 12.9. The distribution of juvenile Common Snook was not random, but influenced primarily by turbidity and dissolved oxygen. Sex differentiation and gonadal development based on histological examination of gonads established that age-1 and age-2 Common Snook were juvenile, prepubertal males. There was no difference between the age groups in their overall distribution in the river. However, age-2 Common Snook were associated with deeper areas with faster currents, higher conductivity, and steeper banks. Overall, Common Snook in the lower Rio Grande show substantial differences in habitat use than their counterparts in other parts of the range of the species, but it is unclear whether this is due to differences in habitat availability, behavioral plasticity, or some combination thereof.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/19425120.2014.920744","usgsCitation":"Huber, C.G., Grabowski, T.B., Patino, R., and Pope, K.L., 2014, Distribution and habitat associations of juvenile Common Snook in the lower Rio Grande, Texas: Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science, v. 6, no. 1, p. 170-180, https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2014.920744.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"170","endPage":"180","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-029311","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473290,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/19425120.2014.920744","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301006,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.38075256347656,\n 25.848718947819023\n ],\n [\n -97.36152648925781,\n 25.845011216684284\n ],\n [\n -97.35191345214844,\n 25.868491550461812\n ],\n [\n -97.35809326171875,\n 25.906791552589468\n ],\n [\n -97.34642028808594,\n 25.918526162075153\n ],\n [\n -97.327880859375,\n 25.912350197371556\n ],\n [\n -97.29904174804688,\n 25.9228491448873\n ],\n [\n -97.27020263671875,\n 25.935817142040126\n ],\n [\n -97.2674560546875,\n 25.944461680551118\n ],\n [\n -97.24617004394531,\n 25.941374418200503\n ],\n [\n -97.21527099609375,\n 25.95248818387927\n ],\n [\n -97.19810485839844,\n 25.951253372828724\n ],\n [\n -97.174072265625,\n 25.954340376169696\n ],\n [\n -97.16720581054688,\n 25.953722981977684\n ],\n [\n -97.16377258300781,\n 25.942609332852275\n ],\n [\n -97.14454650878906,\n 25.94816628853973\n ],\n [\n -97.14591979980467,\n 25.962983554822678\n ],\n [\n -97.1692657470703,\n 25.972243398901558\n ],\n [\n -97.19467163085938,\n 25.966687579916506\n ],\n [\n -97.21046447753906,\n 25.971626098639387\n ],\n [\n -97.24685668945311,\n 25.96113149854908\n ],\n [\n -97.26058959960938,\n 25.95742729855581\n ],\n [\n -97.28050231933594,\n 25.963600900436045\n ],\n [\n -97.294921875,\n 25.959279413126282\n ],\n [\n -97.29217529296875,\n 25.94754886196875\n ],\n [\n -97.29011535644531,\n 25.940139490600565\n ],\n [\n -97.30659484863281,\n 25.942609332852275\n ],\n [\n -97.31620788574219,\n 25.93828707492375\n ],\n [\n -97.32994079589844,\n 25.930877120921785\n ],\n [\n -97.35122680664062,\n 25.938904550052868\n ],\n [\n -97.3828125,\n 25.90864446329127\n ],\n [\n -97.37525939941406,\n 25.898144251161693\n ],\n [\n -97.37663269042969,\n 25.886407614212853\n ],\n [\n -97.37800598144531,\n 25.87158072084242\n ],\n [\n -97.3725128173828,\n 25.86787370669376\n ],\n [\n -97.38349914550781,\n 25.858605662541322\n ],\n [\n -97.38075256347656,\n 25.848718947819023\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55702534e4b0d9246a9fd192","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huber, Caleb G.","contributorId":48823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huber","given":"Caleb","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":548132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70148128,"text":"70148128 - 2014 - Spawning behavior in Atlantic cod: analysis by use of data storage tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-03T10:52:00","indexId":"70148128","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spawning behavior in Atlantic cod: analysis by use of data storage tags","docAbstract":"Electronic data storage tags (DSTs) were implanted into Atlantic cod captured in Icelandic waters from 2002 to 2007 and the depth profiles recovered from these tags (females: n = 31, males: n = 27) were used to identify patterns consistent with published descriptions of cod courtship and spawning behavior. The individual periods of time that males spent exhibiting behavior consistent with being present in a spawning aggregation—i.e. periods consisting of a clear tidal signature in the DST depth profile associated with an individual remaining on or near the substrate—were longer than those of females. Over the course of a spawning season, male cod spent approximately twice the amount of time in spawning aggregations than females, but female cod visited more aggregations per unit time. On average, males participated in approximately 57% more putative spawning events, i.e. vertical ascents potentially corresponding to gamete release, than did females. However, males <85 cm total length participated in the same number of putative spawning events as females of comparable size. In both sexes, larger individuals and/or individuals that spent a longer period of time within an aggregation participated in a larger number of putative spawning events. Although further validation and refinement is necessary, particularly in the identification of spawning events, the ability offered by DSTs to quantify cod spawning behavior may aid in the development of management and conservation plans.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps10787","usgsCitation":"Grabowski, T.B., Thorsteinsson, V., and Marteinsdottir, G., 2014, Spawning behavior in Atlantic cod: analysis by use of data storage tags: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 506, p. 279-290, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10787.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"290","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050100","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473317,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10787","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":301015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","volume":"506","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5570253fe4b0d9246a9fd1b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grabowski, Timothy B. 0000-0001-9763-8948 tgrabowski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9763-8948","contributorId":4178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grabowski","given":"Timothy","email":"tgrabowski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":547457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorsteinsson, Vilhjalmur","contributorId":49215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinsson","given":"Vilhjalmur","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marteinsdottir, Gudrun","contributorId":11099,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marteinsdottir","given":"Gudrun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":548147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70138540,"text":"70138540 - 2014 - Development of a portable active long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy system for volcanic gas measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T08:34:07","indexId":"70138540","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3855,"text":"Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development of a portable active long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy system for volcanic gas measurements","docAbstract":" Active long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) has been an effective tool for measuring atmospheric trace gases for several decades. However, instruments were large, heavy and power-inefficient, making their application to remote environments extremely challenging. Recent developments in fibre-coupling telescope technology and the availability of ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDS) have now allowed us to design and construct a lightweight, portable, low-power LP-DOAS instrument for use at remote locations and specifically for measuring degassing from active volcanic systems. The LP-DOAS was used to measure sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions from La Fossa crater, Vulcano, Italy, where column densities of up to 1.2 × 1018 molec cm−2 (~ 500 ppmm) were detected along open paths of up to 400 m in total length. The instrument's SO2 detection limit was determined to be 2 × 1016 molec cm−2 (~ 8 ppmm), thereby making quantitative detection of even trace amounts of SO2 possible. The instrument is capable of measuring other volcanic volatile species as well. Though the spectral evaluation of the recorded data showed that chlorine monoxide (ClO) and carbon disulfide (CS2) were both below the instrument's detection limits during the experiment, the upper limits for the X / SO2 ratio (X = ClO, CS2) could be derived, and yielded 2 × 10−3 and 0.1, respectively. The robust design and versatility of the instrument make it a promising tool for monitoring of volcanic degassing and understanding processes in a range of volcanic systems.
A gigantic ∼12 km3 landslide detached from the west wall of Lake Tahoe (California-Nevada, USA), and slid 15 km east across the lake. The splash, or tsunami, from this landslide eroded Tioga-age moraines dated as 21 ka. Lake-bottom short piston cores recovered sediment as old as 12 ka that did not reach landslide deposits, thereby constraining the landslide age as 21–12 ka.
Movement of the landslide splashed copious water onto the countryside and lowered the lake level ∼10 m. The sheets of water that washed back into the lake dumped their sediment load at the lowered shoreline, producing deltas that merged into delta terraces. During rapid growth, these unstable delta terraces collapsed, disaggregated, and fed turbidity currents that generated 15 subaqueous sediment wave channel systems that ring the lake and descend to the lake floor at 500 m depth. Sheets of water commonly more than 2 km wide at the shoreline fed these systems. Channels of the systems contain sediment waves (giant ripple marks) with maximum wavelengths of 400 m. The lower depositional aprons of the system are surfaced by sediment waves with maximum wavelengths of 300 m.
A remarkably similar, though smaller, contemporary sediment wave channel system operates at the mouth of the Squamish River in British Columbia. The system is generated by turbidity currents that are fed by repeated growth and collapse of the active river delta. The Tahoe splash-induced backwash was briefly equivalent to more than 15 Squamish Rivers in full flood and would have decimated life in low-lying areas of the Tahoe region.
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The park’s relatively small size and unique purpose within its landscape requires hands-on management of these and other natural resources, all of which are interconnected. Anthropogenic climate change presents an added challenge to WICA natural resource management because it is characterized by large uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of park and National Park Service (NPS) staff. When uncertainty is high and control of this uncertainty low, scenario planning is an appropriate tool for determining future actions. In 2009, members of the NPS obtained formal training in the use of scenario planning in order to evaluate it as a tool for incorporating climate change into NPS natural resource management planning. WICA served as one of two case studies used in this training exercise. Although participants in the training exercise agreed that the scenario planning process showed promise for its intended purpose, they were concerned that the process lacked the scientific rigor necessary to defend the management implications derived from it in the face of public scrutiny. This report addresses this concern and others by (1) providing a thorough description of the process of the 2009 scenario planning exercise, as well as its results and management implications for WICA; (2) presenting the results of a follow-up, scientific study that quantitatively simulated responses of WICA’s hydrological and ecological systems to specific climate projections; (3) placing these climate projections and the general climate scenarios used in the scenario planning exercise in the broader context of available climate projections; and (4) comparing the natural resource management implications derived from the two approaches. Wind Cave National Park (WICA) protects one of the world’s longest caves, has large amounts of high quality, native vegetation, and hosts a genetically important bison herd. The park’s relatively small size and unique purpose within its landscape requires hands-on management of these and other natural resources, all of which are interconnected. Anthropogenic climate change presents an added challenge to WICA natural resource management because it is characterized by large uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of park and National Park Service (NPS) staff. When uncertainty is high and control of this uncertainty low, scenario planning is an appropriate tool for determining future actions. In 2009, members of the NPS obtained formal training in the use of scenario planning in order to evaluate it as a tool for incorporating climate change into NPS natural resource management planning. WICA served as one of two case studies used in this training exercise. Although participants in the training exercise agreed that the scenario planning process showed promise for its intended purpose, they were concerned that the process lacked the scientific rigor necessary to defend the management implications derived from it in the face of public scrutiny. This report addresses this concern and others by (1) providing a thorough description of the process of the 2009 scenario planning exercise, as well as its results and management implications for WICA; (2) presenting the results of a follow-up, scientific study that quantitatively simulated responses of WICA’s hydrological and ecological systems to specific climate projections; (3) placing these climate projections and the general climate scenarios used in the scenario planning exercise in the broader context of available climate projections; and (4) comparing the natural resource management implications derived from the two approaches.
","language":"English","publisher":"Natural Park Service","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A.J., Long, A.J., Stamm, J., King, D.A., Bachelet, D.M., and Norton, P.A., 2014, Two approaches for incorporating climate change into natural resource management planning at Wind Cave National Park, xii, 87 p. .","productDescription":"xii, 87 p. ","ipdsId":"IP-057364","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328317,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312817,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/nrtr.cfm"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a42e4b0571647cf8e3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy J. 0000-0003-4231-2873 asymstad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4231-2873","contributorId":147543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy","email":"asymstad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":583242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Andrew J. 0000-0001-7385-8081 ajlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7385-8081","contributorId":989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Andrew","email":"ajlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamm, John 0000-0002-3404-2933 jstamm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3404-2933","contributorId":150839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamm","given":"John","email":"jstamm@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, David A.","contributorId":7160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":583246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bachelet, Dominque M.","contributorId":150840,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachelet","given":"Dominque","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":18116,"text":"Cons Biol Institute, Covallis, OR","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":583245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Norton, Parker A. 0000-0002-4638-2601 pnorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4638-2601","contributorId":2257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norton","given":"Parker","email":"pnorton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":583247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}