A three-dimensional gravity model based on deep-borehole stratigraphy, densities from borehole gravimetry, and crustal structure from deep seismic and electrical surveys puts limits on sub-basalt crustal structure in the northwest quadrant of the Columbia Plateau, Washington. The gravity model indicates that the Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) overlies a broad basin filled with sedimentary rocks that reach thicknesses in excess of 5 km; thickest sub-basalt sedimentary rocks are beneath the late Cenozoic Yakima basin. Analysis of residual gravity shows that the Eocene Chiwaukum graben does not continue beneath the CRBG and that sub-basalt sedimentary rocks are not thrust into the cores of the basalt anticlines in the Yakima fold belt. A gravity high that trends north-south in the center of the CRBG is probably caused by a broad basement ridge marked by thinner sedimentary rocks beneath the Columbia River basalts; the western edge of the north-south basement high is traced at the surface by the Hog Ranch-Naneum Ridge. A major crustal feature, the Olympic- Wallowa lineament, is expressed in the gravity field; the lineament crosses the north-south basement high but does not offset it, suggesting that any strike- slip motion on the lineament preceded development of the north-south basement high. An alternative interpretation of the north-south gravity high, based on a previous seismic study, relates it to a high-density structure in the crystalline basement, perhaps associated with a failed continental rift.
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposit modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Association Canada","usgsCitation":"Ludington, S., Cox, D.P., Sherlock, M., Singer, D.A., Berger, B.R., and Tingley, J.V., 1993, Spatial and temporal analysis of precious-metal deposit models for a mineral resource assessment of Nevada: Special Paper 40, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"40","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354480,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15a2e6e4b092d9651e22a9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kirkham, R. V.","contributorId":205210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736497,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinclair, W.D.","contributorId":28394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736498,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorpe, R. I.","contributorId":205211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorpe","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736499,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duke, J.M.","contributorId":10158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duke","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736500,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cox, D. P.","contributorId":82689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherlock, M.G.","contributorId":59514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherlock","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":736495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tingley, Joseph V.","contributorId":36120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tingley","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":1000672,"text":"1000672 - 1993 - Simulation of the effects of time and size at stocking on PCB accumulation in lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T08:46:34","indexId":"1000672","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of the effects of time and size at stocking on PCB accumulation in lake trout","docAbstract":"Manipulations of size at stocking and timing of stocking have already been used to improve survival of stocked salmonines in the Great Lakes. It should be possible to stock salmonines into the Great Lakes in a way that reduces the rate of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) accumulation in these fishes. An individual-based model (IBM) was used to investigate the effects of size at stocking and timing of stocking on PCB accumulation by lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Michigan. The individual-based feature of the model allowed lake trout individuals to encounter prey fish individuals and then consume sufficiently small prey fish. The IBM accurately accounted for the variation in PCB concentrations observed within the Lake Michigan lake trout population. Results of the IBM simulations revealed that increasing the average size at stocking from 110 to 160 mm total length led to an increase in the average PCB concentration in the stocked cohort at age 5, after the fish had spent 4 years in the lake, from 2.33 to 2.65 mg/kg; the percentage of lake trout in the cohort at the end of the simulated time period with PCB concentration of 2 mg/kg or more increased from 62% to 79%. Thus, PCB contamination was reduced when the simulated size at stocking was smallest. An overall stocking strategy for lake trout into Lake Michigan should weigh this advantage regarding PCB contamination against the poor survival of lake trout that may occur if the trout are stocked at too small a size.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0492:SOTEOT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., and Carpenter, S.R., 1993, Simulation of the effects of time and size at stocking on PCB accumulation in lake trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 3, p. 492-499, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<0492:SOTEOT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"492","endPage":"499","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"122","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Stephen R.","contributorId":89477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70197269,"text":"70197269 - 1993 - Development of grade and tonnage models for different deposit types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-24T13:54:11","indexId":"70197269","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5700,"text":"Special Paper","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"40","title":"Development of grade and tonnage models for different deposit types","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposit modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Association of Canada","usgsCitation":"Singer, D.A., 1993, Development of grade and tonnage models for different deposit types: Special Paper 40, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"30","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354475,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15a2e7e4b092d9651e22ab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kirkham, R. V.","contributorId":205210,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736479,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sinclair, W.D.","contributorId":28394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinclair","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736480,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorpe, R. I.","contributorId":205211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thorpe","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736481,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duke, J.M.","contributorId":10158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duke","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736482,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":736478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7000011,"text":"7000011 - 1993 - Fossils, rocks, and time","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-10T11:36:15","indexId":"7000011","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Fossils, rocks, and time","docAbstract":"We study out Earth for many reasons: to find water to drink or oil to run our cars or coal to heat our homes, to know where to expect earthquakes or landslides or floods, and to try to understand our natural surroundings. Earth is constantly changing--nothing on its surface is truly permanent. Rocks that are not on top of a mountain may once have been on the bottom of the sea. Thus, to understand the world we live on, we must add the dimension of time. We must study Earth's history.
\nWhen we talk about recorded history, time is measured in years, centuries, and tens of centuries. When we talk about Earth history, time is measured in millions and billions of years.
\nTime is an everyday part of our lives. We keep track of time with a marvelous invention, the calendar, which is based on the movements of the Earth in space. One spin of Earth on its axis is a day, and one trip around the sun is a year. The modern calendar is a great achievement, developed over many thousands of years as theory and technology improved.
\nPeople who study Earth's history also use a type of calendar, called the geologic time scale. It looks very different from the familiar calendar. In some ways, it is more like a book, and the rocks are its pages. Some of the pages are torn or missing, and the pages are not numbered, but geology gives us the tools to help us read this book.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.s. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000011","usgsCitation":"Edwards, L.E., and Pojeta, J., 1993, Fossils, rocks, and time: General Interest Publication, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000011.","productDescription":"24 p.","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":18584,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/fossils/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":134197,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":115651,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000011/report.pdf","size":"8461","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a91a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pojeta, John Jr.","contributorId":44514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pojeta","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000629,"text":"1000629 - 1993 - Applications of bioenergetics models to fish ecology and management: where do we go from here?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-05T11:37:09","indexId":"1000629","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of bioenergetics models to fish ecology and management: where do we go from here?","docAbstract":"Papers and panel discussions given during a 1992 symposium on bioenergetics models are summarized. Bioenergetics models have been applied to a variety of research and management questions related to fish stocks, populations, food webs, and ecosystems. Applications include estimates of the intensity and dynamics of predator-prey interactions, nutrient cycling within aquatic food webs of varying trophic structure, and food requirements of single animals, whole populations, and communities of fishes. As tools in food web and ecosystem applications, bioenergetics models have been used to compare forage consumption by salmonid predators across the Laurentian Great Lakes for single populations and whole communities, and to estimate the growth potential of pelagic predators in Chesapeake Bay and Lake Ontario. Some critics say that bioenergetics models lack sufficient detail to produce reliable results in such field applications, whereas others say that the models are too complex to be useful tools for fishery managers. Nevertheless, bioenergetics models have achieved notable predictive successes. Improved estimates are needed for model parameters such as metabolic costs of activity, and more complete studies are needed of the bioenergetics of larval and juvenile fishes. Future research on bioenergetics should include laboratory and field measurements of key model parameters such as weight-dependent maximum consumption, respiration and activity, and thermal habitats actually occupied by fish. Future applications of bioenergetics models to fish populations also depend on accurate estimates of population sizes and survival rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1019:AOBMTF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hansen, M.J., Boisclair, D., Brandt, S.B., Hewett, S.W., Kitchell, J.F., Lucas, M.C., and Ney, J.J., 1993, Applications of bioenergetics models to fish ecology and management: where do we go from here?: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 122, no. 5, p. 1019-1030, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1019:AOBMTF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1019","endPage":"1030","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502587,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1590377","text":"External Repository"},{"id":133226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266991,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1993)122<1019:AOBMTF>2.3.CO;2"}],"volume":"122","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a45c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Michael J. 0000-0001-8522-3876 michaelhansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8522-3876","contributorId":5006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Michael","email":"michaelhansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":308957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boisclair, Daniel","contributorId":68265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boisclair","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, Stephen B.","contributorId":62970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hewett, Steven W.","contributorId":6415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hewett","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kitchell, James F.","contributorId":18324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kitchell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lucas, Martyn C.","contributorId":18725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucas","given":"Martyn","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ney, John J.","contributorId":91067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ney","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":1000792,"text":"1000792 - 1993 - Individual-based model for dieldrin contamination in lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T08:53:18","indexId":"1000792","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual-based model for dieldrin contamination in lake trout","docAbstract":"An individual-based model (IBM) was applied to dieldrin contamination in the lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) population of Lake Michigan in order to determine if a model structure originally developed for contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Lake Michigan lake trout would also apply to dieldrin contamination. Many different congeners constitute PCBs, whereas dieldrin is a single chemical compound. The model accurately accounted for the variation in dieldrin concentrations exhibited within the Lake Michigan lake trout population. The degree of variability included in dieldrin concentrations of the prey fish was similar to that used for modeling total PCBs. These results supported the argument that any heterogeneity in PCB congener distribution in Lake Michigan contributed relatively little to the observed variability in lake trout total PCB concentrations. Furthermore, these results indicate that the IBM has potential to be applicable to a variety of organochlorine contaminants. The IBM should prove useful for risk assessment of contaminants in fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1007/BF01061092","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Carpenter, S.R., and Noguchi, G.E., 1993, Individual-based model for dieldrin contamination in lake trout: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 24, no. 1, p. 78-82, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01061092.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"78","endPage":"82","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f23f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Stephen R.","contributorId":89477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noguchi, George E.","contributorId":42552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noguchi","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186305,"text":"70186305 - 1993 - Allogenic and autogenic controls on sedimentation in the central Sumatra basin as an analogue for Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata in the Appalachian basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T16:13:58","indexId":"70186305","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Allogenic and autogenic controls on sedimentation in the central Sumatra basin as an analogue for Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata in the Appalachian basin","docAbstract":"Recent sedimentation patterns in the central Sumatra basin, Republic of Indonesia, may help to explain the cyclic stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian System of the eastern United States. Modern influx of fluvial siliciclastic sediment to the epeiric seas of the Sunda shelf, including the Strait of Malacca, appears to be highly restricted by rain forest cover within the ever-wet climate belt of equatorial Sumatra. As a result, much of the marine and estuarine environments appear to be erosional or nondepositional except for localized deposition of sediment in slack water areas, such as the down-stream end of islands. Contemporaneously, thick (>13 m), laterally extensive (>70,000 km2), peat deposits are forming on poorly drained coastal lowlands. Modern peat formation in this study, therefore, is not coeval with aggrading fluvial siliciclastic systems, a situation that commonly is assumed in many depositional models of coal formation. The stratigraphy of Pleistocene and Holocene sediments on the Sunda shelf, as well as those of the Pennsylvanian System, appears to be better explained by the allocyclic controls of climate and sea-level change on sediment flux rather than by depositional models that are based on autocyclic processes. The objective of this paper is to evaluate allocyclic and autocyclic controls on sedimentation in an epeiric setting in a humid (ever-wet) tropical region. Of particular interest are the factors that control peat formation and siliciclastic sediment flux in rivers, estuaries, and open marine environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE286-p3","usgsCitation":"Cecil, C.B., Dulong, F.T., and Cobb, J.C., 1993, Allogenic and autogenic controls on sedimentation in the central Sumatra basin as an analogue for Pennsylvanian coal-bearing strata in the Appalachian basin: GSA Special Papers, v. 286, p. 3-22, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE286-p3.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"3","endPage":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"286","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f91e4b09da67997ed1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cecil, C. Blaine 0000-0002-9032-1689","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9032-1689","contributorId":22797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cecil","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Blaine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dulong, Frank T. 0000-0001-7388-647X fdulong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-647X","contributorId":650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"Frank","email":"fdulong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cobb, James C.","contributorId":92654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018046,"text":"70018046 - 1993 - A fortran program for Monte Carlo simulation of oil-field discovery sequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:17:57","indexId":"70018046","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fortran program for Monte Carlo simulation of oil-field discovery sequences","docAbstract":"We have developed a program for performing Monte Carlo simulation of oil-field discovery histories. A synthetic parent population of fields is generated as a finite sample from a distribution of specified form. The discovery sequence then is simulated by sampling without replacement from this parent population in accordance with a probabilistic discovery process model. The program computes a chi-squared deviation between synthetic and actual discovery sequences as a function of the parameters of the discovery process model, the number of fields in the parent population, and the distributional parameters of the parent population. The program employs the three-parameter log gamma model for the distribution of field sizes and employs a two-parameter discovery process model, allowing the simulation of a wide range of scenarios. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(93)90066-E","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Bohling, G.C., and Davis, J., 1993, A fortran program for Monte Carlo simulation of oil-field discovery sequences: Computers & Geosciences, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1529-1543, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(93)90066-E.","startPage":"1529","endPage":"1543","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266166,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(93)90066-E"},{"id":228788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3e1e4b0c8380cd4628f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohling, Geoffrey C.","contributorId":43109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bohling","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017831,"text":"70017831 - 1993 - Epiguruk: A late Quaternary environmental record from northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T13:22:56.827933","indexId":"70017831","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epiguruk: A late Quaternary environmental record from northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"Epiguruk, a prominent bluff along the Kobuk River in northwestern Alaska, exposes a rich depositional record of Quaternary eolian and fluvial sand, with associated loess, paleosols, and periglacial features. Three major complexes of alluvial and eolian deposits are separated by two conspicuous organic-rich paleosols which formed during cool-moist interstadial intervals. Sediments between the two paleosols include eolian, channel, and flood-plain deposits that formed during alluviation of the Kobuk River to a height of about 12 m above the present level. The youngest depositional complex, which overlies the upper paleosol, is divisible into late Wisconsinan and Holocene components and into fluvial-channel, flood-plain, eolian-dune, sand-sheet, loess, and pond facies. Eolian sand from the active Kobuk sand sea overloaded the river during late Wisconsinan time, causing it to alluviate to about 13 m above its modern level. The Holocene record reflects erosion and deposition by a small southern tributary to the Kobuk River, downcutting by the Kobuk River toward its modern level, and subsequent erosion across a meander belt nearly 8 km wide.
Sixty-six radiocarbon ages, many from rooted shrubs, provide a firm chronology for the past 35 k.y. at Epiguruk. The Kobuk River incised to near its present level by about 35 ka, and the upper paleosol began forming near that level about 33 ka, coincident with the Fox termal event of central Alaska. Although higher-standing sandy facies of this paleosol began forming earlier, thick peat beds did not accumulate until about 33 ka at those sites. Late Wisconsinan loess influx and alluviation began about 24 ka, synchronous with the Itkillik II glaciation of the Brooks Range. The river overlapped progressively higher surfaces of the upper paleosol, attaining its maximum height of about 13 m above modern river level between 20 and 19 ka. It downcut about 18.5 ka and subsequently migrated northward. Deposits at the north end of the bluff show that the river had begun building its modern flood plain by 8.6 ka, and it has varied little in elevation since that time.
The pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and metabolism of the drug nitrofurantoin were examined in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) after intravascular or oral dosing. Mean plasma concentrations of nitrofurantoin after intravascular administration at 1 and 10 mg kg−1 of body weight were best fit to two- and three-compartment pharmacokinetic models, respectively. Nitrofurantoin was rapidly eliminated from the plasma after intravascular dosing; at 1 and 10 mg kg−1, the terminal half-lives were 23 and 46 min, respectively. After oral dosing at 1 mg kg−1, peak plasma concentrations (0.06 μg ml−1) occurred at 2 h; the bioavailability was 17%. Residues of nitrofurantoin and its metabolites in the tissues were initially eliminated rapidly but persisted at the later sampling times. Residue concentrations were highest in the plasma and excretory tissues. Approximately 21% and 4% of the oral dose were eliminated in the urine and bile, respectively. Parent nitrofurantoin was the major radiolabelled compound found in the urine; however, the percentage of total residues composed of metabolites increased with time. Biliary residues consisted mostly of nitrofurantoin metabolites. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of at least five metabolites in the urine and bile.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0044-8486(93)90335-V","usgsCitation":"Stehly, G.R., and Plakas, S.M., 1993, Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and metabolism of nitrofurantoin in the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus): Aquaculture, v. 113, no. 1-2, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90335-V.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201611,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"113","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b08e4b07f02db69bb01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehly, Guy R.","contributorId":11553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plakas, S. M.","contributorId":57569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plakas","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187599,"text":"70187599 - 1993 - Palynostratigraphic correlation of the Fort Union formation (Paleocene) in the Wind River Reservation and Waltman Area, Wind River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T18:40:50","indexId":"70187599","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Palynostratigraphic correlation of the Fort Union formation (Paleocene) in the Wind River Reservation and Waltman Area, Wind River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Palynologic samples of the Fort Union Formation (Paleocene) were collected from selected composite measured sections and a drill hole in the Wind River Basin. Intervals studied are in outcrop in the Wind River Reservation in the Shotgun Butte area and near Hudson, Wyoming, and in the subsurface in the Muddy Ridge field. Age determinations were made using the palynostratigraphic zonation originally developed near Waltman, Wyoming, in the northeastern part of the basin. Although parts of the zonation have been called into question by other recent work in the basin, only the basal Paleocene biozone (P1) is in need of modification, and the zonation remains an effective tool for age determination and correlation in these rocks. Age control is sparse in parts of some sections studied, mostly because of a dominance of sandstone and conglomerate facies, but palynostratigraphy permits correlation of the study areas with each other and with the Waltman reference section.
Palynology supports the following correlations: The lower unnamed member of the Fort Union Formation in the Shotgun Butte area correlates stratigraphically and chronologically with the lower part of the formation in the subsurface at Muddy Ridge field, with a short interval in the Hudson area, and with the lower and middle parts of the unnamed member in the Waltman area. The Shotgun Member correlates chronologically with the coal-bearing upper part of the Fort Union Formation in the subsurface at Muddy Ridge field and with the upper part of the unnamed member and Waltman Shale Member in the Waltman area. These correlations show that significant coal deposits in the subsurface have little or no expression in outcrop because of changes in facies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wyoming Geological Association spe cial symposium on oil and gas and other resources of the Wind River basin, Wyoming","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wyoming Geological Association","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., and Flores, R.M., 1993, Palynostratigraphic correlation of the Fort Union formation (Paleocene) in the Wind River Reservation and Waltman Area, Wind River Basin, Wyoming, in Wyoming Geological Association spe cial symposium on oil and gas and other resources of the Wind River basin, Wyoming, p. 175-189.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"175","endPage":"189","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":341032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341031,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/wga/data/055/055001/175_wga0550175.htm"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53ce4b0e541a03d4543","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, D. J.","contributorId":55466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flores, R. M.","contributorId":106899,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70182706,"text":"70182706 - 1993 - Adult survival of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla in a Pacific colony","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T13:59:40","indexId":"70182706","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1961,"text":"Ibis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adult survival of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla in a Pacific colony","docAbstract":"Breeding Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla survived at a mean annual rate of 0.926 in four years at a colony in Alaska. Survival rates observed in sexed males (0.930) and females (0.937) did not differ significantly. The rate of return among nonbreeding Kittiwakes (0.839) was lower than that of known breeders, presumably because more nonbreeders moved away from the study plots where they were marked. Individual nonbreeders frequented sites up to 5 km apart on the same island, while a few established breeders moved up to 2.5 km between years. Mate retention in breeding Kittiwakes averaged 69% in three years. Among pairs that split, the cause of changing mates was about equally divided between death (46%) and divorce (54%). Average adult life expectancy was estimated at 13.0 years. Combined with annual productivity averaging 0.17 chick per nest, the observed survival was insufficient for maintaining population size. Rather, an irregular decline observed in the study colony since 1981 is consistent with the model of a closed population with little or no recruitment. Compared to their Atlantic counterparts, Pacific Kittiwakes have low productivity and high survival. The question arises whether differences reflect phenotypic plasticity or genetically determined variation in population parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02841.x","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., Roberts, B.D., and Fadely, B.S., 1993, Adult survival of Black-legged Kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla in a Pacific colony: Ibis, v. 135, no. 3, p. 247-254, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1993.tb02841.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"254","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Middleton Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.43470764160156,\n 59.380960825646525\n ],\n [\n -146.25720977783203,\n 59.380960825646525\n ],\n [\n -146.25720977783203,\n 59.485716839798464\n ],\n [\n -146.43470764160156,\n 59.485716839798464\n ],\n [\n -146.43470764160156,\n 59.380960825646525\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"135","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b2a5a1e4b01ccd54fca167","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":673376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberts, Bay D.","contributorId":181868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Bay","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":673377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fadely, Brian S.","contributorId":184042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fadely","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":673378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017893,"text":"70017893 - 1993 - Sorption of N2 and EGME vapors on some soils, clays, and mineral oxides and determination of sample surface areas by use of sorption data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:16:47","indexId":"70017893","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of N2 and EGME vapors on some soils, clays, and mineral oxides and determination of sample surface areas by use of sorption data","docAbstract":"Vapor sorption isotherms of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) at room temperature and isotherms of N2 gas at liquid nitrogen temperature were determined for various soils and minerals. The N2 monolayer capacities [Qm (N2)] were calculated from the BET equation and used to determine the surface areas. To examine whether EGME is an appropriate adsorbate for determination of surface areas, the apparent EGME monolayer capacities [Qm (EGME)ap] were also obtained by use of the BET equation. For sand, aluminum oxide, kaolinite, hematite, and synthetic hydrous iron oxide, which are relatively free of organic impurity and expanding/solvating minerals, the Qm (EGME)ap values are in good conformity with the corresponding Qm (N2) values and would give surface areas consistent with BET (N2) values. For other samples (Woodburn soil, a natural hydrous iron oxide, illite, and montmorillonite), the Qm (EGME)ap values overestimate the Qm (N2) values from a moderate to a large extent, depending on the sample. A high-organic-content peat shows a very small BET (N2) surface area; the EGME/ peat isotherm is linear and does not yield a calculation of the surface area. Large discrepancies between results of the two methods for some samples are attributed to the high solubility of polar EGME in soil organic matter and/ or to the cation solvation of EGME with solvating clays. The agreement for other samples is illustrative of the consistency of the BET method when different adsorbates are used, so long as they do not exhibit bulk penetration and/or cation solvation.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00045a014","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., Rutherford, D., and Manes, M., 1993, Sorption of N2 and EGME vapors on some soils, clays, and mineral oxides and determination of sample surface areas by use of sorption data: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1587-1594, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00045a014.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1587","endPage":"1594","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b930be4b08c986b31a256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manes, M.","contributorId":17390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017892,"text":"70017892 - 1993 - Atrazine degradation in a small stream in Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:40:19","indexId":"70017892","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Atrazine degradation in a small stream in Iowa","docAbstract":"A study was conducted during 1990 through an 11.2-km reach of Roberts Creek in northeastern Iowa to determine the fate of atrazine in a surface water environment Water samples were collected at ~1-month intervals from April through November during stable low to medium flow conditions and analyzed for atrazine and two of its initial biotic degradation products, desethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine. Samples were collected on the basis of a Lagrangian model of streamflow in order to sample the same parcel of water as it moved downstream. Atrazine concentrations substantially decreased (roughly 25-60%) between water entering and exiting the study reach during four of the seven sampling periods. During these same four sampling periods, the concentrations of the two biotic atrazine degradation products were constant or decreasing downstream, suggesting an abiotic degradation process.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00038a014","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D., and Kalkhoff, S., 1993, Atrazine degradation in a small stream in Iowa: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 27, no. 1, p. 134-139, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00038a014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"134","endPage":"139","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228909,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280136,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00038a014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Robert's Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 42.81353658623225\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 42.98656732912335\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 42.98656732912335\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 42.81353658623225\n ],\n [\n -91.82373046875,\n 42.81353658623225\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eecbe4b0c8380cd49f88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkhoff, S. J.","contributorId":28967,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"S. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017948,"text":"70017948 - 1993 - Courant number and unsteady flow computation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017948","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Courant number and unsteady flow computation","docAbstract":"The Courant number C, the key to unsteady flow computation, is a ratio of physical wave velocity, ??, to computational signal-transmission velocity, ??, i.e., C = ??/??. In this way, it uniquely relates a physical quantity to a mathematical quantity. Because most unsteady open-channel flows are describable by a set of n characteristic equations along n characteristic paths, each represented by velocity ??i, i = 1,2,....,n, there exist as many as n components for the numerator of C. To develop a numerical model, a numerical integration must be made on each characteristic curve from an earlier point to a later point on the curve. Different numerical methods are available in unsteady flow computation due to the different paths along which the numerical integration is actually performed. For the denominator of C, the ?? defined as ?? = ?? 0 = ??x/??t has been customarily used; thus, the Courant number has the familiar form of C?? = ??/??0. This form will be referred to as ???common Courant number??? in this paper. The commonly used numerical criteria C?? for stability, neutral stability and instability, are imprecise or not universal in the sense that r0 does not always reflect the true maximum computational data-transmission speed of the scheme at hand, i.e., Ctau is no indication for the Courant constraint. In view of this , a new Courant number, called the ???natural Courant number???, Cn, that truly reflects the Courant constraint, has been defined. However, considering the numerous advantages inherent in the traditional C??, a useful and meaningful composite Courant number, denoted by C??* has been formulated from C??. It is hoped that the new aspects of the Courant number discussed herein afford the hydraulician a broader perspective, consistent criteria, and unified guidelines, with which to model various unsteady flows.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Lai, C., 1993, Courant number and unsteady flow computation, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 2196-2201.","startPage":"2196","endPage":"2201","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fc8ee4b0c8380cd4e2fb","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536399,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Lai, Chintu","contributorId":16860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lai","given":"Chintu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018029,"text":"70018029 - 1993 - Mapping debris-flow hazard in Honolulu using a DEM","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70018029","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Mapping debris-flow hazard in Honolulu using a DEM","docAbstract":"A method for mapping hazard posed by debris flows has been developed and applied to an area near Honolulu, Hawaii. The method uses studies of past debris flows to characterize sites of initiation, volume at initiation, and volume-change behavior during flow. Digital simulations of debris flows based on these characteristics are then routed through a digital elevation model (DEM) to estimate degree of hazard over the area.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Ellen, S.D., and Mark, R., 1993, Mapping debris-flow hazard in Honolulu using a DEM, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 1774-1779.","startPage":"1774","endPage":"1779","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5055e4b0c8380cd6b606","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536420,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Ellen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, Robert K.","contributorId":30648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"Robert K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186795,"text":"70186795 - 1993 - Advection and diffusion in a variable-salinity confining layer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:32:20","indexId":"70186795","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Advection and diffusion in a variable-salinity confining layer","docAbstract":"A numerical model that simulates groundwater flow and solute transport for cases in which fluid properties are variable was applied in one dimension (vertical) to the shallow, low-permeability, clayey, confining layer in Doñana National Park in southwestern Spain. The salinity in the 80-m-thick confining layer decreases from a brine near the land surface to fresh water near its base. Results of model simulations indicate that the system could be in or close to a steady state condition. The model calibration was very sensitive to small variations in individual model parameters and was nonunique in the sense that equally good calibrations could be achieved by compensatory joint perturbations in the permeability, diffusion coefficient, and overall governing hydraulic gradient. At present, there is probably an upward flow of the order of 1 mm yr−1 to 1 cm yr−1 and a balance in the solute flux between upward advection and downward diffusion. The time scale of calculated responses to changes in boundary conditions in this low-permeability system ranges from thousands to hundreds of thousands of years when considering extremes within the range of uncertainty of values of the evaluated parameters.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00965","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., and Arevalo, J.R., 1993, Advection and diffusion in a variable-salinity confining layer: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 8, p. 2747-2761, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00965.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"2747","endPage":"2761","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ec9a31e4b0b4d95d335274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arevalo, Javier Rodriguez","contributorId":190739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arevalo","given":"Javier","email":"","middleInitial":"Rodriguez","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017967,"text":"70017967 - 1993 - Distribution and mode of occurrence of selenium in US coals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017967","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1538,"text":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and mode of occurrence of selenium in US coals","docAbstract":"Selenium excess and deficiency have been established as the cause of various health problems in man and animals. Combustion of fossil fuels, especially coal, may be a major source of the anthropogenic introduction of selenium in the environment. Coal is enriched in selenium relative to selenium's concentration in most other rocks and relative to selenium in the Earth's crust. Data from almost 9,000 coal samples have been used to determine the concentration and distribution of selenium in US coals. The geometric mean concentration of selenium in US coal is 1.7 ppm. The highest mean selenium value (geometric mean 4.7 ppm) is in the Texas Region. Atlantic Coast (Virginia and North Carolina) and Alaska coals have the lowest geometric means (0.2 and 0.42 ppm, respectively). All western coal regions have mean selenium concentrations of less than 2.0 ppm. In contrast, all coal basins east of the Rocky Mountains (except for several small basins in Rhode Island, Virginia, and North Carolina) have mean selenium values of 1.9 or greater. Generally, variations in selenium concentration do not correlate with variations in ash yield, pyritic sulphur, or organic sulphur concentrations. This may be the result of multiple sources of selenium; however, in some non-marine basins with restricted sources of selenium, selenium has positive correlations with other coal quality parameters. Selenium occurs in several forms in coal but appears to be chiefly associated with the organic fraction, probably substituting for organic sulphur. Other important forms of selenium in coal are selenium-bearing pyrite, selenium-bearing galena, and lead selenide (clausthalite). Water-soluble and ion-exchangeable selenium also have been reported. ?? 1993 Copyright Science and Technology Letters.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geochemistry and Health","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00146745","issn":"02694042","usgsCitation":"Coleman, L., Bragg, L.J., and Finkelman, R.B., 1993, Distribution and mode of occurrence of selenium in US coals: Environmental Geochemistry and Health, v. 15, no. 4, p. 215-227, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00146745.","startPage":"215","endPage":"227","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206119,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00146745"},{"id":228494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0295e4b0c8380cd500f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, L.","contributorId":72949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bragg, L. J.","contributorId":104055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bragg","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finkelman, R. B.","contributorId":20341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finkelman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186729,"text":"70186729 - 1993 - The system controlling the composition of clastic sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T14:57:52","indexId":"70186729","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The system controlling the composition of clastic sediments","docAbstract":"The composition of clastic sediments and rocks is controlled by a complex suite of parameters operating during pedogenesis, erosion, transport, deposition, and burial. The principal first-order parameters include source rock composition, modification by chemical weathering, mechanical disaggregation and abrasion, authigenic inputs, hydrodynamic sorting, and diagenesis. Each of these first-order parameters is influenced to varying degrees by such factors as the tectonic settings of the source region, transportational system and depositional environment, climate, vegetation, relief, slope, and the nature and energy of transportational and depositional systems. These factors are not independent; rather a complicated web of interrelationships and feedback mechanisms causes many factors to be modulated by others. Accordingly, processes controlling the composition of clastic sediments are best viewed as constituting a system, and in evaluating compositional information the dynamics of the system must be considered as whole.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE284-p1","usgsCitation":"Johnsson, M.J., 1993, The system controlling the composition of clastic sediments: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 284, p. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE284-p1.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"1","endPage":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"284","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1993-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a553e4b09da6799d6402","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnsson, Mark J.","contributorId":58631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnsson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017936,"text":"70017936 - 1993 - Conductive heat transfer from an isothermal magma chamber and its application to the measured heat flow distribution from mount hood, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:56","indexId":"70017936","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Conductive heat transfer from an isothermal magma chamber and its application to the measured heat flow distribution from mount hood, Oregon","docAbstract":"A steady-state solution for heat transfer from an isothermal, spherical magma chamber, with an imposed regional geothermal gradient far from the chamber, is developed. The extensive published heat-flow data set for Mount Hood, Oregon, is dominated by conductive heat transfer in the deeper parts of most drill holes and provides an ideal application of such a model. Magma-chamber volumes or depths needed to match the distribution of heat-flow data are larger or shallower than those inferred from geologic evidence.","largerWorkTitle":"Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 Annual Meeting on Utilities and Geothermal: An Emerging Partnership","conferenceDate":"10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993","conferenceLocation":"Burlingame, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Geothermal Resources Council","publisherLocation":"Davis, CA, United States","issn":"01935933","isbn":"0934412715","usgsCitation":"Nathenson, M., and Tilling, R.I., 1993, Conductive heat transfer from an isothermal magma chamber and its application to the measured heat flow distribution from mount hood, Oregon, in Transactions - Geothermal Resources Council, v. 17, Burlingame, CA, USA, 10 October 1993 through 13 October 1993, p. 141-148.","startPage":"141","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f9bae4b0c8380cd4d756","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536396,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nathenson, Menuel","contributorId":82477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nathenson","given":"Menuel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":377956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017925,"text":"70017925 - 1993 - The pyramid system for multiscale raster analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:16:57","indexId":"70017925","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The pyramid system for multiscale raster analysis","docAbstract":"Geographical research requires the management and analysis of spatial data at multiple scales. As part of the U.S. Geological Survey's global change research program a software system has been developed that reads raster data (such as an image or digital elevation model) and produces a pyramid of aggregated lattices as well as various measurements of spatial complexity. For a given raster dataset the system uses the pyramid to report: (1) mean, (2) variance, (3) a spatial autocorrelation parameter based on multiscale analysis of variance, and (4) a monofractal scaling parameter based on the analysis of isoline lengths. The system is applied to 1-km digital elevation model (DEM) data for a 256-km2 region of central California, as well as to 64 partitions of the region. PYRAMID, which offers robust descriptions of data complexity, also is used to describe the behavior of topographic aspect with scale. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(93)90057-C","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"De Cola, L., and Montagne, N., 1993, The pyramid system for multiscale raster analysis: Computers & Geosciences, v. 19, no. 10, p. 1393-1404, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(93)90057-C.","startPage":"1393","endPage":"1404","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266165,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(93)90057-C"},{"id":228591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baee1e4b08c986b3243d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Cola, L.","contributorId":50297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Cola","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Montagne, N.","contributorId":47246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montagne","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70018021,"text":"70018021 - 1993 - Flooding of Sinking Creek, Garretts Spring karst drainage basin, Jessamine and Woodford counties, Kentucky, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70018021","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flooding of Sinking Creek, Garretts Spring karst drainage basin, Jessamine and Woodford counties, Kentucky, USA","docAbstract":"Tashamingo Subdivision in Sinking Creek karst valley, a tributary of the Garretts Spring drainage basin in Jessamine and Woodford counties, Kentucky, was flooded in February 1989. To determine the cause of flooding, the groundwater basin boundary was mapped, discharge data were measured to determine intake capacity of swallets, and hydrologic modeling of the basin was conducted. Swallet capacity was determined to be limited by the hydraulic parameters of the conduit, rather than by obstruction by trash. Flooding from a precipitation event is more likely, and will be higher, when antecedent soil moisture conditions in the watershed are near saturation. Hydrologic modeling shows that suburban development of 20 percent of the southeast basin will cause a small increase in flood stage at Tashamingo Subdivision. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00767507","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Currens, J., and Graham, C., 1993, Flooding of Sinking Creek, Garretts Spring karst drainage basin, Jessamine and Woodford counties, Kentucky, USA: Environmental Geology, v. 22, no. 4, p. 337-344, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00767507.","startPage":"337","endPage":"344","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206114,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00767507"},{"id":228456,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1187e4b0c8380cd54014","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Currens, J.C.","contributorId":72036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currens","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graham, C.D.R.","contributorId":85736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"C.D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017991,"text":"70017991 - 1993 - Modeling the tides of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:04:33","indexId":"70017991","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modeling the tides of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays","docAbstract":"A time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical modeling study of the tides of Massachusetts and Cape Code Bays, motivated by construction of a new sewage treatment plant and ocean outfall for the city of Boston, has been undertaken by the authors. The numerical model being used is a hybrid version of the Blumberg and Mellor ECOM3D model, modified to include a semi-implicit time-stepping scheme and transport of a non-reactive dissolved constituent. Tides in the bays are dominated by the semi-diurnal frequencies, in particular by the M2 tide, due to the resonance of these frequencies in the Gulf of Maine. The numerical model reproduces, well, measured tidal ellipses in unstratified wintertime conditions. Stratified conditions present more of a problem because tidal-frequency internal wave generation and propagation significantly complicates the structure of the resulting tidal field. Nonetheless, the numerical model reproduces qualitative aspects of the stratified tidal flow that are consistent with observations in the bays.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"July 25-30, 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Jenter, H., Signell, R.P., and Blumberg, A., 1993, Modeling the tides of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, July 25-30, 1993, p. 2323-2332.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2323","endPage":"2332","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228785,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.894775390625,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -69.949951171875,\n 41.713930073371294\n ],\n [\n -69.949951171875,\n 42.68647341541784\n ],\n [\n -70.894775390625,\n 42.68647341541784\n ],\n [\n -70.894775390625,\n 41.713930073371294\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c53e4b0c8380cd6fbd8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536409,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Jenter, H. L.","contributorId":25167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"H. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, R. P.","contributorId":89147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blumberg, A.F.","contributorId":44684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blumberg","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017926,"text":"70017926 - 1993 - Climatic impact on isovolumetric weathering of a coarse-grained schist in the northern Piedmont Province of the central Atlantic states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T22:18:55.36573","indexId":"70017926","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climatic impact on isovolumetric weathering of a coarse-grained schist in the northern Piedmont Province of the central Atlantic states","docAbstract":"The possible impact of periglacial climates on the rate of chemical weathering of a coarse-grained plagioclase-muscovite-quartz schist has been determined for a small watershed near Baltimore, Maryland. The isovolumetric chemical weathering model formulated from the geochemical mass balance study of the watershed shows that the weathering front advances at a velocity of 9.1 m/m.y., if the modern environmental parameters remain the same back through time. However, recent surficial geological mapping demonstrates that periglacial climates have impacted the area. Such an impact significantly affects two key chemical weathering parameters, the concentration of CO2 in the soil and groundwater moving past the weathering front. Depending upon the assumptions used in the model, the rate of saprolitization varies from 2.2 to 5.3 m/m.y.
The possible impact of periglacial processes suggested by the chemical weathering rates indicates a need to reconsider theories of landscape evolution as they apply to the northern Piedmont Province of the mid-Atlantic states. I suggest that from the Late Miocene to the present that the major rivers have become incised in their present locations; this incision has enhanced groundwater circulation and chemical weathering such that crystalline rocks beneath interfluvial areas remain mantled by saprolite; and the saprolite mantle has been partially stripped as periglacial conditions alternate with humid-temperate conditions.