Trace metals, such as arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium, in groundwater used for drinking have long been a concern because of the potential adverse effects on human health and the aesthetic or nuisance problems that some present. Moderate to high concentrations of the trace metal arsenic have been identified in drinking water from groundwater sources in southeastern New Hampshire, a rapidly growing region of the State (Montgomery and others, 2003). During the past decade (2000–10), southeastern New Hampshire, which is composed of Hillsborough, Rockingham, and Strafford Counties, has grown in population by nearly 48,700 (or 6.4 percent) to 819,100. These three counties contain 62 percent of the State’s population but encompass only about 22 percent of the land area (New Hampshire Office of Energy and Planning, 2011). According to a 2005 water-use study (Hayes and Horn, 2009), about 39 percent of the population in these three counties in southeastern New Hampshire uses private wells as sources of drinking water, and these wells are not required by the State to be routinely tested for trace metals or other contaminants.
\nSome trace metals have associated human-health benchmarks or nonhealth guidelines that have been established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate public water supplies. The EPA has established a maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 micrograms per liter (μg/L) for arsenic (As) and a MCL of 30 μg/L for uranium (U) because of associated health risks (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are essential for human health, but Mn at high doses may have adverse cognitive effects in children (Bouchard and others, 2011; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 2012); therefore, the EPA has issued a lifetime health advisory (LHA) of 300 μg/L for Mn. Recommended secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) for Fe (300 μg/L) and Mn (50 μg/L) were established primarily as nonhealth guidelines—based on aesthetic considerations, such as taste or the staining of laundry and plumbing fixtures—because these contaminants, at the SMCLs, are not considered to present risks to human health. Because lead (Pb) contamination of drinking water typically results from corrosion of plumbing materials belonging to water-system customers but still poses a risk to human health, the EPA established an action level (AL) of 15 μg/L for Pb instead of an MCL or SMCL (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). The 15-μg/L AL for Pb has been adopted by the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services for public water systems, and if exceeded, the public water system must inform their customers and undertake additional actions to control corrosion in the pipes of the distribution system (New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services, 2013).
\nUnlike the quality of drinking water provided by public water suppliers, the quality of drinking water obtained from private wells in New Hampshire is not regulated; consequently, private wells are sampled only when individual well owners voluntarily choose to sample them. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the EPA New England, conducted an assessment in 2012–13 to provide private well owners and State and Federal health officials with information on the distribution of trace-metal (As, Fe, Pb, Mn, and U) concentrations in groundwater from bedrock aquifers in the three counties of southeastern New Hampshire. This fact sheet analyzes data from water samples collected by a randomly selected group of private well owners from the three-county study area and describes the major findings for trace-metal concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143042","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Flanagan, S., Belaval, M., and Ayotte, J., 2014, Arsenic, iron, lead, manganese, and uranium concentrations in private bedrock wells in southeastern New Hampshire, 2012-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3042, Report: 6 p.; Appendix 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143042.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Appendix 1-5","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052568","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288268,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143042.jpg"},{"id":288613,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/pdf/fs2014-3042.pdf"},{"id":288614,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/appendix/fs2014-3042_appendixes_1-5.xlsx"},{"id":288267,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3042/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","county":"Hillsborough County;Rockingham County;Strafford County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -72.062374,42.696985 ], [ -72.062374,43.573012 ], [ -70.60266,43.573012 ], [ -70.60266,42.696985 ], [ -72.062374,42.696985 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7631e4b0abf75cf2bec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flanagan, Sarah M.","contributorId":8492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanagan","given":"Sarah M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belaval, Marcel","contributorId":21636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belaval","given":"Marcel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ayotte, Joseph D. jayotte@usgs.gov","contributorId":1802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayotte","given":"Joseph D.","email":"jayotte@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70110814,"text":"70110814 - 2014 - Focused campaign increases activity among participants in Nature's Notebook, a citizen science project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T10:28:41","indexId":"70110814","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T13:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2836,"text":"Natural Sciences Education","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Focused campaign increases activity among participants in Nature's Notebook, a citizen science project","docAbstract":"Citizen science projects, which engage non-professional scientists in one or more stages of scientific research, have been gaining popularity; yet maintaining participants’ activity level over time remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for a short-term, focused campaign to increase participant activity in a national-scale citizen science program. The campaign that we implemented was designed to answer a compelling scientific question. We invited participants in the phenology-observing program, Nature’s Notebook, to track trees throughout the spring of 2012, to ascertain whether the season arrived as early as the anomalous spring of 2010. Consisting of a series of six electronic newsletters and costing our office slightly more than 1 week of staff resources, our effort was successful; compared with previous years, the number of observations collected in the region where the campaign was run increased by 184%, the number of participants submitting observations increased by 116%, and the number of trees registered increased by 110%. In comparison, these respective metrics grew by 25, 55, and 44%, over previous years, in the southeastern quadrant of the United States, where no such campaign was carried out. The campaign approach we describe here is a model that could be adapted by a wide variety of programs to increase engagement and thereby positively influence participant retention.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.4195/nse2013.06.0019","usgsCitation":"Crimmins, T., Weltzin, J., Rosemartin, A.H., Surina, E.M., Marsh, L., and Denny, E.G., 2014, Focused campaign increases activity among participants in Nature's Notebook, a citizen science project: Natural Sciences Education, v. 43, no. 1, p. 64-72, https://doi.org/10.4195/nse2013.06.0019.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"64","endPage":"72","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-043446","costCenters":[{"id":433,"text":"National Phenology Network","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"538848d0e4b0318b93124a28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crimmins, Theresa","contributorId":103579,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Theresa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weltzin, Jake F.","contributorId":51005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weltzin","given":"Jake F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosemartin, Alyssa H.","contributorId":30910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosemartin","given":"Alyssa","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Surina, Echo M.","contributorId":28898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Surina","given":"Echo","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marsh, Lee","contributorId":16755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marsh","given":"Lee","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Denny, Ellen G.","contributorId":79803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denny","given":"Ellen","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70129626,"text":"70129626 - 2014 - Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: Health implications in an urbanized estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:30:49","indexId":"70129626","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T12:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2676,"text":"Marine Pollution Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: health implications in an urbanized estuary","title":"Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: Health implications in an urbanized estuary","docAbstract":"We measured total selenium and total mercury concentrations ([TSe] and [THg]) in hair (n = 138) and blood (n = 73) of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from California to assess variation by geography and sex, and inferred feeding relationships based on carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotopes. Harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites had significantly greater [THg], and lesser [TSe] and TSe:THg molar ratios than seals from a relatively uncontaminated site. Males had significantly greater [THg] than females at all locations. Sulfur stable isotope values explained approximately 25% of the variability in [THg], indicating increased Hg exposure for seals with a greater use of estuarine prey species. Decreased [TSe] in harbor seals from Hg-contaminated regions may indicate a relative Se deficiency to mitigate the toxic effects of Hg. Further investigation into the Se status and the potential negative impact of Hg on harbor seals from Hg-contaminated sites is warranted.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.031","usgsCitation":"McHuron, E.A., Harvey, J.T., Castellini, J.M., Stricker, C.A., and O'Hara, T., 2014, Selenium and mercury concentrations in harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from central California: Health implications in an urbanized estuary: Marine Pollution Bulletin, v. 83, no. 1, p. 48-57, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.04.031.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"48","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-055978","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":295728,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn Slough, San Francisco Bay, Tomales Bay","volume":"83","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544b6a2de4b03653c63fb1e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McHuron, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":103600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHuron","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, James T.","contributorId":89817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6751,"text":"Moss Landing Marine Laboratories","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":503925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Castellini, J. Margaret","contributorId":60562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castellini","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Margaret","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stricker, Craig A. 0000-0002-5031-9437 cstricker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5031-9437","contributorId":1097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stricker","given":"Craig","email":"cstricker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O'Hara, Todd M.","contributorId":34768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O'Hara","given":"Todd M.","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":503923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70150446,"text":"70150446 - 2014 - Health status of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T10:40:36","indexId":"70150446","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Health status of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA","docAbstract":"The health of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) in the lower Columbia River (USA) was evaluated using morphometric and histopathological approaches, and its association with organic contaminants accumulated in liver was evaluated in males. Fish were sampled from three sites along a contaminant gradient In 2009, body length and mass, condition factor, gonadosomatic index, and hematocrit were measured in males and females; liver and gonad tissue were collected from males for histological analyses; and organ composites were analyzed for contaminant content in males. In 2010, additional data were collected for males and females, including external fish condition assessment, histopathologies of spleen, kidney and gill and, for males, liver contaminant content. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that biological traits in males, but not females, differed among sites in 2009 and 2010. Discriminant function analysis indicated that site-related differences among male populations were relatively small in 2009, but in 2010, when more variables were analyzed, males differed among sites in regards to kidney, spleen, and liver histopathologies and gill parasites. Kidney tubular hyperplasia, liver and spleen macrophage aggregations, and gill parasites were generally more severe in the downstream sites compared to the reference location. The contaminant content of male livers was also generally higher downstream, and the legacy pesticide hexachlorobenzene and flame retardants BDE-47 and BDE-154 were the primary drivers for site discrimination. However, bivariate correlations between biological variables and liver contaminants retained in the discriminant models failed to reveal associations between the two variable sets. In conclusion, whereas certain non-reproductive biological traits and liver contaminant contents of male Largescale Sucker differed according to an upstream-downstream gradient in the lower Columbia River, results from this study did not reveal the specific environmental factors responsible for the differences in health status among fish populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112","usgsCitation":"Torres, L., Nilsen, E.B., Grove, R.A., and Patino, R., 2014, Health status of Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) collected along an organic contaminant gradient in the lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 353-364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"364","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042213","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472940,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6b01n5jk","text":"External Repository"},{"id":302373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"484","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b7e4b0b6d21dd65958","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.112","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Torres Leticia, Nilsen Elena, Grove Robert, Patiño Reynaldo","journalName":"Science of The Total Environment","publicationDate":"6/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres, Leticia","contributorId":143738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nilsen, Elena B. 0000-0002-0104-6321 enilsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0104-6321","contributorId":923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nilsen","given":"Elena","email":"enilsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, Robert A.","contributorId":52134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":556957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70138504,"text":"70138504 - 2014 - Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-19T11:04:45","indexId":"70138504","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone","docAbstract":"The current state of science and engineering related to analyzing wetlands overlooks the importance of transpiration and risks data misinterpretation. In response, we developed hydrologic and mass budgets for agricultural wetlands using electrical conductivity (EC) as a natural conservative tracer. We developed simple differential equations that quantify evaporation and transpiration rates using flowrates and tracer concentrations atwetland inflows and outflows. We used two ideal reactormodel solutions, a continuous flowstirred tank reactor (CFSTR) and a plug flow reactor (PFR), to bracket real non-ideal systems. From those models, estimated transpiration ranged from 55% (CFSTR) to 74% (PFR) of total evapotranspiration (ET) rates, consistent with published values using standard methods and direct measurements. The PFR model more appropriately represents these nonideal agricultural wetlands in which check ponds are in series. Using a fluxmodel, we also developed an equation delineating the root zone depth at which diffusive dominated fluxes transition to advective dominated fluxes. This relationship is similar to the Peclet number that identifies the dominance of advective or diffusive fluxes in surface and groundwater transport. Using diffusion coefficients for inorganic mercury (Hg) and methylmercury (MeHg) we calculated that during high ET periods typical of summer, advective fluxes dominate root zone transport except in the top millimeters below the sediment–water interface. The transition depth has diel and seasonal trends, tracking those of ET. Neglecting this pathway has profound implications: misallocating loads along different hydrologic pathways; misinterpreting seasonal and diel water quality trends; confounding Fick's First Law calculations when determining diffusion fluxes using pore water concentration data; and misinterpreting biogeochemicalmechanisms affecting dissolved constituent cycling in the root zone. In addition,our understanding of internal root zone cycling of Hg and other dissolved constituents, benthic fluxes, and biological irrigation may be greatly affected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.026","collaboration":"RWQCB","usgsCitation":"Bachand, P., Bachand, S., Fleck, J., Anderson, F.E., and Windham-Myers, L., 2014, Differentiating transpiration from evaporation in seasonal agricultural wetlands and the link to advective fluxes in the root zone: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 232-248, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.026.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"232","endPage":"248","numberOfPages":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030347","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297375,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24296049"}],"volume":"484","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b78e4b08de9379b33a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachand, P.A.M.","contributorId":9857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bachand","given":"P.A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachand, S.","contributorId":138794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, Frank E. 0000-0002-1418-4678 fanders@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1418-4678","contributorId":2605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Frank","email":"fanders@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70138506,"text":"70138506 - 2014 - Concurrent photolytic degradation of aqueous methylmercury and dissolved organic matter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-19T10:59:03","indexId":"70138506","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Concurrent photolytic degradation of aqueous methylmercury and dissolved organic matter","docAbstract":"Monomethyl mercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that threatens ecosystem viability and human health. In aquatic systems, the photolytic degradation of MeHg (photodemethylation) is an important component of the MeHg cycle. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is also affected by exposure to solar radiation (light exposure) leading to changes in DOM composition that can affect its role in overall mercury (Hg) cycling. This study investigated changes in MeHg concentration, DOM concentration, and the optical signature of DOM caused by light exposure in a controlled field-based experiment using water samples collected from wetlands and rice fields. Filtered water from all sites showed a marked loss in MeHg concentration after light exposure. The rate of photodemethylation was 7.5 × 10-3 m2 mol-1 (s.d. 3.5 × 10-3) across all sites despite marked differences in DOM concentration and composition. Light exposure also caused changes in the optical signature of the DOM despite there being no change in DOM concentration, indicating specific structures within the DOM were affected by light exposure at different rates. MeHg concentrations were related to optical signatures of labile DOM whereas the percent loss of MeHg was related to optical signatures of less labile, humic DOM. Relationships between the loss of MeHg and specific areas of the DOM optical signature indicated that aromatic and quinoid structures within the DOM were the likely contributors to MeHg degradation, perhaps within the sphere of the Hg-DOM bond. Because MeHg photodegradation rates are relatively constant across freshwater habitats with natural Hg–DOM ratios, physical characteristics such as shading and hydrologic residence time largely determine the relative importance of photolytic processes on the MeHg budget in these mixed vegetated and open-water systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Pub. Co.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.107","usgsCitation":"Fleck, J., Gill, G.W., Bergamaschi, B., Kraus, T.E., Downing, B.D., and Alpers, C.N., 2014, Concurrent photolytic degradation of aqueous methylmercury and dissolved organic matter: Science of the Total Environment, v. 484, p. 263-275, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.03.107.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"275","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030306","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297373,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713004129"}],"volume":"484","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b67e4b08de9379b3366","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Gary W. gwgill@usgs.gov","contributorId":4692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Gary","email":"gwgill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":538767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bergamaschi, Brian A. 0000-0002-9610-5581 bbergama@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-5581","contributorId":1448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergamaschi","given":"Brian A.","email":"bbergama@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraus, Tamara E.C. 0000-0002-5187-8644 tkraus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5187-8644","contributorId":1452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"Tamara","email":"tkraus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.C.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Downing, Bryan D. 0000-0002-2007-5304 bdowning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-5304","contributorId":1449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"Bryan","email":"bdowning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70140436,"text":"70140436 - 2014 - A lack of crowding? Body size does not decrease with density for two behavior-manipulating parasites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-02-09T09:13:46","indexId":"70140436","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-15T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2010,"text":"Integrative and Comparative Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lack of crowding? Body size does not decrease with density for two behavior-manipulating parasites","docAbstract":"For trophically transmitted parasites that manipulate the phenotype of their hosts, whether the parasites do or do not experience resource competition depends on such factors as the size of the parasites relative to their hosts, the intensity of infection, the extent to which parasites share the cost of defending against the host’s immune system or manipulating their host, and the extent to which parasites share transmission goals. Despite theoretical expectations for situations in which either no, or positive, or negative density-dependence should be observed, most studies document only negative density-dependence for trophically transmitted parasites. However, this trend may be an artifact of most studies having focused on systems in which parasites are large relative to their hosts. Yet, systems are common where parasites are small relative to their hosts, and these trophically transmitted parasites may be less likely to experience resource limitation. We looked for signs of density-dependence in Euhaplorchis californiensis (EUHA) and Renicola buchanani (RENB), two manipulative trematode parasites infecting wild-caught California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis). These parasites are small relative to killifish (suggesting resources are not limiting), and are associated with changes in killifish behavior that are dependent on parasite-intensity and that increase predation rates by the parasites’ shared final host (indicating the possibility for cost sharing). We did not observe negative density-dependence in either species, indicating that resources are not limiting. In fact, observed patterns indicate possible mild positive density-dependence for EUHA. Although experimental confirmation is required, our findings suggest that some behavior-manipulating parasites suffer no reduction in size, and may even benefit when \"crowded\" by conspecifics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology","publisherLocation":"McLean, VA","doi":"10.1093/icb/icu081","usgsCitation":"Weinersmith, K., Warinner, C.B., Tan, V., Harris, D.J., Mora, A.B., Kuris, A.M., Lafferty, K.D., and Hechinger, R., 2014, A lack of crowding? Body size does not decrease with density for two behavior-manipulating parasites: Integrative and Comparative Biology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 184-192, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icu081.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056847","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472941,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/icu081","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":297823,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297822,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/2/184.short"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b19e4b08de9379b3241","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weinersmith, KL","contributorId":139105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weinersmith","given":"KL","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warinner, Chloe B.","contributorId":139106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warinner","given":"Chloe","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12653,"text":"Harvard College and Dos Pueblos High School","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tan, Virgina","contributorId":139107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tan","given":"Virgina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12654,"text":"Irvington High School and University of Chicago","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harris, David J.","contributorId":139108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harris","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mora, Adrienne B.","contributorId":139109,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mora","given":"Adrienne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12655,"text":"University of California, Riverside","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":540042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hechinger, Ryan F.","contributorId":73730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hechinger","given":"Ryan F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":540044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70100906,"text":"tm5B10 - 2014 - Determination of human-use pharmaceuticals in filtered water by direct aqueous injection: high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-13T13:58:08","indexId":"tm5B10","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-13T13:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"5-B10","title":"Determination of human-use pharmaceuticals in filtered water by direct aqueous injection: high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"This report describes a method for the determination of 110 human-use pharmaceuticals using a 100-microliter aliquot of a filtered water sample directly injected into a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using an electrospray ionization source operated in the positive ion mode. The pharmaceuticals were separated by using a reversed-phase gradient of formic acid/ammonium formate-modified water and methanol. Multiple reaction monitoring of two fragmentations of the protonated molecular ion of each pharmaceutical to two unique product ions was used to identify each pharmaceutical qualitatively. The primary multiple reaction monitoring precursor-product ion transition was quantified for each pharmaceutical relative to the primary multiple reaction monitoring precursor-product transition of one of 19 isotope-dilution standard pharmaceuticals or the pesticide atrazine, using an exact stable isotope analogue where possible. Each isotope-dilution standard was selected, when possible, for its chemical similarity to the unlabeled pharmaceutical of interest, and added to the sample after filtration but prior to analysis.
\nMethod performance for each pharmaceutical was determined for reagent water, groundwater, treated drinking water, surface water, treated wastewater effluent, and wastewater influent sample matrixes that this method will likely be applied to. Each matrix was evaluated in order of increasing complexity to demonstrate (1) the sensitivity of the method in different water matrixes and (2) the effect of sample matrix, particularly matrix enhancement or suppression of the precursor ion signal, on the quantitative determination of pharmaceutical concentrations. Recovery of water samples spiked (fortified) with the suite of pharmaceuticals determined by this method typically was greater than 90 percent in reagent water, groundwater, drinking water, and surface water. Correction for ambient environmental concentrations of pharmaceuticals hampered the determination of absolute recoveries and method sensitivity of some compounds in some water types, particularly for wastewater effluent and influent samples.
\nThe method detection limit of each pharmaceutical was determined from analysis of pharmaceuticals fortified at multiple concentrations in reagent water. The calibration range for each compound typically spanned three orders of magnitude of concentration. Absolute sensitivity for some compounds, using isotope-dilution quantitation, ranged from 0.45 to 94.1 nanograms per liter, primarily as a result of the inherent ionization efficiency of each pharmaceutical in the electrospray ionization process.
\nHolding-time studies indicate that acceptable recoveries of pharmaceuticals can be obtained from filtered water samples held at 4 °C for as long as 9 days after sample collection. Freezing samples to provide for storage for longer periods currently (2014) is under evaluation by the National Water Quality Laboratory.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Section B: Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory in Book 5 Laboratory Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm5B10","collaboration":"This report is Chapter 10 of Section B: Methods of the National Water Quality Laboratory in Book 5 Laboratory Analysis.","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Noriega, M.C., Kanagy, C.J., Kanagy, L.K., Coffey, L.J., and Burkhardt, M.R., 2014, Determination of human-use pharmaceuticals in filtered water by direct aqueous injection: high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5-B10, Report: viii, 49 p.; Tables; Appendix Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/tm5B10.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 49 p.; Tables; Appendix Tables","numberOfPages":"60","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-038894","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm5B10.jpg"},{"id":288588,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/"},{"id":288589,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/pdf/tm10-b5.pdf"},{"id":288590,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/downloads/Tables1-16.xlsx"},{"id":288591,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/5b10/downloads/LS%202440%20Appendixes.xlsx"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7681e4b0abf75cf2bf75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Noriega, Mary C. mnoriega@usgs.gov","contributorId":2553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noriega","given":"Mary","email":"mnoriega@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kanagy, Christopher J. ckanagy@usgs.gov","contributorId":1201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanagy","given":"Christopher","email":"ckanagy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kanagy, Leslie K. 0000-0001-5073-8538 lkkanagy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5073-8538","contributorId":4543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kanagy","given":"Leslie","email":"lkkanagy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coffey, Laura J. ljcoffey@usgs.gov","contributorId":4132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coffey","given":"Laura","email":"ljcoffey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Burkhardt, Mark R.","contributorId":27872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70112339,"text":"sir20145088 - 2014 - Water withdrawals, use, and trends in Florida, 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-13T11:17:41","indexId":"sir20145088","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-13T11:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5088","title":"Water withdrawals, use, and trends in Florida, 2010","docAbstract":"In 2010, the total amount of water withdrawn in Florida was estimated to be 14,988 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Saline water accounted for 8,589 Mgal/d (57 percent) and freshwater accounted for 6,399 Mgal/d (43 percent). Groundwater accounted for 4,166 Mgal/d (65 percent) of freshwater withdrawals, and surface water accounted for the remaining 2,233 Mgal/d (35 percent). Surface water accounted for nearly all (99.9 percent) saline-water withdrawals. An additional 659 Mgal/d of reclaimed wastewater was used in Florida during 2010. Freshwater withdrawals were greatest in Palm Beach County (707 Mgal/d), and saline-water withdrawals were greatest in Hillsborough County (1,715 Mgal/d).
\nFresh groundwater provided drinking water (public supplied and self-supplied) for 17.33 million people (92 percent of Florida’s population), and fresh surface water provided drinking water for 1.47 million people (8 percent). The statewide public-supply gross per capita use for 2010 was 134 gallons per day, whereas the statewide public-supply domestic per capita use was 85 gallons per day. The majority of groundwater withdrawals (almost 62 percent) in 2010 were obtained from the Floridan aquifer system, which is present throughout most of the State. The majority of fresh surface-water withdrawals (56 percent) came from the southern Florida hydrologic unit subregion and is associated with Lake Okeechobee and the canals in the Everglades Agricultural Area of Glades, Hendry, and Palm Beach Counties, as well as the Caloosahatchee River and its tributaries in the agricultural areas of Collier, Glades, Hendry, and Lee Counties.
\nOverall, agricultural irrigation accounted for 40 percent of the total freshwater withdrawals (ground and surface), followed by public supply with 35 percent. Public supply accounted for 48 percent of groundwater withdrawals, followed by agricultural self-supplied (34 percent), commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (7 percent), recreational-landscape irrigation and domestic self-supplied (5 percent each), and power generation (less than 1 percent). Agricultural self-supplied accounted for 51 percent of fresh surface-water withdrawals, followed by power generation (25 percent), public supply (11 percent), recreational-landscape irrigation (9 percent), and commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (4 percent). Power generation accounted for nearly all (99.8 percent) saline-water withdrawals.
\nOf the 18.80 million people who resided in Florida during 2010, 41 percent (7.68 million people) resided in the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), 25 percent each resided in the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) and the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) (4.73 and 4.70 million people, respectively), 7 percent (1.36 million people) resided in the Northwest Florida Water Management District (NWFWMD), and 2 percent (0.33 million people) resided in the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD). The largest percentage of freshwater withdrawals was from the SFWMD (47 percent), followed by the SJRWMD (21 percent), SWFWMD (18 percent), NWFWMD (9 percent), and SRWMD (5 percent).
\nBetween 1950 and 2010, the population of Florida increased by 16.03 million (580 percent), and the total water withdrawals (fresh and saline) increased by 12,334 Mgal/d (465 percent). More recently, total freshwater withdrawals decreased by more than 1,792 Mgal/d (22 percent) between 2000 and 2010, while the population increased by 2.82 million (18 percent), and total freshwater withdrawals decreased by more than 474 Mgal/d (7 percent) between 2005 and 2010, while the population increased by 0.88 million (8 percent). The recent trend of decreases in freshwater withdrawals is a result of increased rainfall during this period, the development and use of alternative water sources, water conservation efforts, more conservative regulations and mandates, changes in economic conditions, and losses of irrigated lands. Fresh-water withdrawals for public supply, agricultural self-supplied use, and commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied use all decreased between 2000 and 2010 and between 2005 and 2010, whereas freshwater withdrawals for domestic self-supplied use, recreational-landscape irrigation use, and power generation use either remained the same or changed slightly during the decade.
\nThe use of highly mineralized groundwater (referred to as nonpotable water) as a source of drinking water has increased in Florida. Nonpotable water use for public supply has increased from nearly 2 Mgal/d in 1970 to about 165 Mgal/d in 2010. Nonpotable water is either blended or treated to meet drinking-water standards and is mostly used along the east and west coasts of central and southern Florida. The use of reclaimed wastewater increased from about 206 Mgal/d in 1986 to nearly 659 Mgal/d in 2010. More than three-quarters (79 percent) of reclaimed wastewater in 2010 was used to supplement potable-quality water withdrawals for urban irrigation, agricultural irrigation, and industrial use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145088","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Florida Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Marella, R.L., 2014, Water withdrawals, use, and trends in Florida, 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5088, vii, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145088.","productDescription":"vii, 59 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-048849","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288583,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5088/pdf/sir2014-5088.pdf"},{"id":288582,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5088/"},{"id":288584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145088.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0,24.02 ], [ -88.0,31.2 ], [ -79.78,31.2 ], [ -79.78,24.02 ], [ -88.0,24.02 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae78bee4b0abf75cf2df9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marella, Richard L. 0000-0003-4861-9841 rmarella@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4861-9841","contributorId":2443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marella","given":"Richard","email":"rmarella@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70110596,"text":"ofr20141105 - 2014 - Assessment of the fish tumor beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) at selected Great Lakes Areas of Concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-04T19:02:45.869796","indexId":"ofr20141105","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-13T10:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1105","title":"Assessment of the fish tumor beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) at selected Great Lakes Areas of Concern","docAbstract":"A total of 878 adult Brown Bullhead were collected at 11 sites within the Lake Erie and Lake Ontario drainages from 2011 to 2013. The sites included seven Areas of Concern (AOC; 670 individuals), one delisted AOC (50 individuals) and three non-AOC sites (158 individuals) used as reference sites. These fish were used to assess the “fish tumor or other deformities” beneficial use impairment. Fish were anesthetized, weighed, measured and any external abnormalities documented and removed. Abnormal orocutaneous and barbel tissue, as well as five to eight pieces of liver, were preserved for histopathological analyses. Otoliths were removed and used for age analyses. Visible external abnormalities included reddened (raised or eroded), melanistic areas and raised growths on lips, body surface, fins and barbels. Microscopically, these raised growths included papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, osteoma and osteosarcoma. Proliferative lesions of the liver included bile duct hyperplasia, foci of cellular alteration, bile duct (cholangioma, cholangiocarcinoma) and hepatocellular (adenoma, hepatic cell carcinoma) neoplasia. The two reference sites (Long Point Inner Bay, Conneaut Creek), at which 30 or more bullhead were collected had a skin tumor prevalence of 10% or less and liver tumor prevalence of 4% or less. Presque Isle Bay, recently delisted, had a similar liver tumor prevalence (4%) and slightly higher prevalence (12%) of skin tumors. The prevalence of skin neoplasms was 15% or less at sites in the Black River, Cuyahoga River and Maumee AOCs, while more than 20% of the bullheads from the Rochester Embayment, Niagara River, Detroit River and Ashtabula River AOCs had skin tumors. The prevalence of liver tumors was greater than 4% at all AOC sites except the Old Channel site at the Cuyahoga River AOC, Wolf Creek within the Maumee AOC and the upper and lower sites within the Niagara River AOC.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Contaminants Program, Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, and West Virginia University","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Mazik, P.M., Iwanowicz, L., Braham, R., Hahn, C.M., Walsh, H.L., and Sperry, A.J., 2014, Assessment of the fish tumor beneficial use impairment in brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) at selected Great Lakes Areas of Concern: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1105, Report: vi, 17 p.; Appendix 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141105.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 17 p.; Appendix 1","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-056691","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288581,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141105.jpg"},{"id":288578,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1105/"},{"id":288580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1105/support/ofr2014-1105-appendix01.xlsx"},{"id":288579,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1105/pdf/ofr2014-1105.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes;Lake Erie;Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.38,39.17 ], [ -86.38,45.2 ], [ -74.96,45.2 ], [ -74.96,39.17 ], [ -86.38,39.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7633e4b0abf75cf2becf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":792,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia M. 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":2318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R.","contributorId":11902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Braham, Ryan P.","contributorId":97427,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braham","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hahn, Cassidy M. cmhahn@usgs.gov","contributorId":5321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hahn","given":"Cassidy","email":"cmhahn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walsh, Heather L. 0000-0001-6392-4604 hwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-4604","contributorId":4696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Heather","email":"hwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sperry, Adam J. 0000-0002-4815-3730 asperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-3730","contributorId":5872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sperry","given":"Adam","email":"asperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70112283,"text":"70112283 - 2014 - Evidence against a Pleistocene desert refugium in the Lower Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-12T16:15:06","indexId":"70112283","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-12T13:36:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2193,"text":"Journal of Biogeography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence against a Pleistocene desert refugium in the Lower Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"Aim
The absence of Sonoran Desert plants in late Pleistocene-aged packrat middens has led to speculation that they survived glacial episodes either in refugia as intact associations (Clementsian community concept) or in dry microsites within chaparral or woodland according to individualistic species responses (Gleasonian community concept). To test these hypotheses, we developed a midden record from one likely refugium in north-eastern Baja California, Mexico. We also measured stomatal guard cell size in fossil leaves to further evaluate site-level individualistic responses of Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) ploidy races to climatic changes, including monsoonal history, over the late Quaternary.
Location
Sierra Juárez, Lower Colorado River Basin, north-eastern Baja California, Mexico.
Methods
Packrat (Neotoma) middens were collected from <300 m elevation on the eastern piedmont of the Sierra Juárez. Plant macrofossils and pollen were analysed from 50 dated middens, including determination of Larrea tridentata ploidy races.
Results
Pleistocene middens dating back to >55,000 cal. yr BP contained a mix of extralocal species characteristic of chaparral and pinyon–juniper–oak woodland, along with some modern desert elements. Many other desert taxa were absent during the Pleistocene, although most had arrived by the beginning of the Holocene 11,700 years ago.
Main conclusions
The assemblage of chaparral, woodland and select desert elements refutes the hypothesis that the Lower Colorado River Basin served as a late Pleistocene refugium for Sonoran Desert flora. The rapid arrival of most missing desert species by the early Holocene suggests they did not have far to migrate. They probably survived the last glacial period as smaller, disparate populations in dry microsites within chaparral and pinyon–juniper–oak woodlands. Diploid and tetraploid races of Larrea tridentata were present during the Pleistocene, but hexaploids did not appear until the mid-Holocene. This demonstrates that individualistic responses to climate involved genetic variants, in this case cytotypes, and not just species.
We present an overview of national water databases managed by the U.S. Geological Survey, including surface-water, groundwater, water-quality, and water-use data. These are readily accessible to users through web interfaces and data services. Multiple perspectives of data are provided, including search and retrieval of real-time data and historical data, on-demand current conditions and alert services, data compilations, spatial representations, analytical products, and availability of data across multiple agencies.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Universities Council on Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Carbondale, IL","doi":"10.1111/j.1936-704X.2014.03175.x","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., and Fisher, G.T., 2014, Past, present, and future of water data delivery from the U.S. Geological Survey: Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education, no. 153, p. 4-15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704X.2014.03175.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"15","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-054364","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472942,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2014.03175.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"153","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539abdcfe4b0e83db6d08ea1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gary T. gtfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":4931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gtfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":494610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112263,"text":"70112263 - 2014 - Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T12:01:51","indexId":"70112263","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-12T11:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms","docAbstract":"Native freshwater mussels can influence the aquatic N cycle, but the mechanisms and magnitude of this effect are not fully understood. We assessed the effects of Amblema plicata and Lampsilis cardium on N transformations over 72 d in 4 continuous-flow mesocosms, with 2 replicates of 2 treatments (mesocosms with and without mussels), equipped with electronic water-chemistry sensors. We compared sensor data to discrete sample data to assess the effect of additional sensor measurements on the ability to detect mussel-related effects on NO3– formation. Analysis of 624 sensor-based data points detected a nearly 6% increase in NO3– concentration in overlying water of mesocosms with mussels relative to mesocosms without mussels (p < 0.05), whereas analysis of 36 discrete samples showed no statistical difference in NO3– between treatments. Mussels also significantly increased NO2– concentrations in the overlying water, but no significant difference in total N was observed. We used the sensor data for phytoplankton-N and NH4+ to infer that digestion times in mussels were 13 ± 6 h. The results suggest that rapid increases in phytoplankton-N levels in the overlying water can lead to decreased lag times between phytoplankton-N and NH4+ maxima. This result indicates that mussels may adjust their digestion rates in response to increased levels of food. The adjustment in digestion time suggests that mussels have a strong response to food availability that can disrupt typical circadian rhythms. Use of sensor data to measure directly and to infer mussel effects on aquatic N transformations at the mesocosm scale could be useful at larger scales in the future.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The University of Chicago Press on behalf of Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1086/675448","usgsCitation":"Bril, J., Durst, J.J., Hurley, B.M., Just, C., and Newton, T., 2014, Sensor data as a measure of native freshwater mussel impact on nitrate formation and food digestion in continuous-flow mesocosms: Freshwater Science, v. 33, no. 2, p. 417-424, https://doi.org/10.1086/675448.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"417","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-039042","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288454,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675448"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539abdd0e4b0e83db6d08ea5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bril, Jeremy S.","contributorId":103583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bril","given":"Jeremy S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durst, Jonathan J.","contributorId":69891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durst","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hurley, Brion M.","contributorId":29310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurley","given":"Brion","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Just, Craig L.","contributorId":105646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Just","given":"Craig L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, Teresa J. 0000-0001-9351-5852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9351-5852","contributorId":78696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Teresa J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70047699,"text":"70047699 - 2014 - Nesting ecology and nest survival of lesser prairie-chickens on the Southern High Plains of Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T13:52:24","indexId":"70047699","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T16:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nesting ecology and nest survival of lesser prairie-chickens on the Southern High Plains of Texas","docAbstract":"The decline in population and range of lesser prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) throughout the central and southern Great Plains has raised concerns considering their candidate status under the United States Endangered Species Act. Baseline ecological data for lesser prairie-chickens are limited, especially for the shinnery oak-grassland communities of Texas. This information is imperative because lesser prairie-chickens in shinnery oak grasslands occur at the extreme southwestern edge of their distribution. This geographic region is characterized by hot, arid climates, less fragmentation, and less anthropogenic development than within the remaining core distribution of the species. Thus, large expanses of open rangeland with less anthropogenic development and a climate that is classified as extreme for ground nesting birds may subsequently influence nest ecology, nest survival, and nest site selection differently compared to the rest of the distribution of the species. We investigated the nesting ecology of 50 radio-tagged lesser prairie-chicken hens from 2008 to 2011 in the shinnery oak-grassland communities in west Texas and found a substantial amount of inter-annual variation in incubation start date and percent of females incubating nests. Prairie-chickens were less likely to nest near unimproved roads and utility poles and in areas with more bare ground and litter. In contrast, hens selected areas dominated by grasses and shrubs and close to stock tanks to nest. Candidate models including visual obstruction best explained daily nest survival; a 5% increase in visual obstruction improved nest survival probability by 10%. The model-averaged probability of a nest surviving the incubation period was 0.43 (SE = 0.006; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.56). Our findings indicate that lesser prairie-chicken reproduction during our study period was dynamic and was correlated with seasonal weather patterns that ultimately promoted greater grass growth earlier in the nesting season that provided visual obstruction from predators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.716","usgsCitation":"Grisham, B.A., Borsdorf, P.K., Boal, C.W., and Boydston, K.K., 2014, Nesting ecology and nest survival of lesser prairie-chickens on the Southern High Plains of Texas: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 5, p. 857-866, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.716.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"866","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-037555","costCenters":[{"id":582,"text":"Texas Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288355,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.716"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.064678,32.958548 ], [ -103.064678,33.825138 ], [ -102.075382,33.825138 ], [ -102.075382,32.958548 ], [ -103.064678,32.958548 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c50e4b0a59b2649693f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grisham, Blake A.","contributorId":75419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grisham","given":"Blake","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borsdorf, Philip K.","contributorId":93386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borsdorf","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":24740,"text":"Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":482754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Boydston, Kathy K.","contributorId":15501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boydston","given":"Kathy","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70103560,"text":"ofr20141092 - 2014 - Three-dimensional imaging, change detection, and stability assessment during the centerline trench levee seepage experiment using terrestrial light detection and ranging technology, Twitchell Island, California, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T13:42:30","indexId":"ofr20141092","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T13:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1092","title":"Three-dimensional imaging, change detection, and stability assessment during the centerline trench levee seepage experiment using terrestrial light detection and ranging technology, Twitchell Island, California, 2012","docAbstract":"A full scale field seepage test was conducted on a north-south trending levee segment of a now bypassed old meander belt on Twitchell Island, California, to understand the effects of live and decaying root systems on levee seepage and slope stability. The field test in May 2012 was centered on a north-south trench with two segments: a shorter control segment and a longer seepage test segment. The complete length of the trench area measured 40.4 meters (m) near the levee centerline with mature trees located on the waterside and landside of the levee flanks. The levee was instrumented with piezometers and tensiometers to measure positive and negative porewater pressures across the levee after the trench was flooded with water and held at a constant hydraulic head during the seepage test—the results from this component of the experiment are not discussed in this report. We collected more than one billion three-dimensional light detection and ranging (lidar) data points before, during, and after the centerline seepage test to assess centimeter-scale stability of the two trees and the levee crown. During the seepage test, the waterside tree toppled (rotated 20.7 degrees) into the water. The landside tree rotated away from the levee by 5 centimeters (cm) at a height of 2 m on the tree. The paved surface of the levee crown had three regions that showed subsidence on the waterside of the trench—discussed as the northern, central, and southern features. The northern feature is an elongate region that subsided 2.1 cm over an area with an average width of 1.35 m that extends 15.8 m parallel to the trench from the northern end of the trench to just north of the trench midpoint, and is associated with a crack 1 cm in height that formed during the seepage test on the trench wall. The central subsidence feature is a semicircular region on the waterside of the trench that subsided by as much as 6.2 cm over an area 3.4 m wide and 11.2 m long. The southern feature is an elongate region that has a maximum subsidence of 3.5 cm over an area 0.75 m wide and 8.1 m long and is associated with a number of small fractures in the pavement that are predominately north-south-trending and parallel to the trench. We determined that there was no significant motion of the levee flank during the last week of the seepage test. We also determined biomorphic parameters for the landside tree, such as the 3D positioning on the levee, tree height, levee parallel/perpendicular cross sectional area, and canopy centroid. These biomorphic parameters were requested to support a University of California Berkeley team studying seepage and stability on the levee. A gridded, 2-cm bare-earth digital elevation model of the levee crown and the landside levee flank from the final terrestrial lidar (T-Lidar) survey provided detailed topographic data for future assessment. Because the T-Lidar was not integrated into the project design, other than an initial courtesy dataset to help characterize the levee surface, our ability to contribute to the overall science goals of the seepage test was limited. Therefore, our analysis focused on developing data collection and processing methodology necessary to align ultra high-resolution T-Lidar data (with an average spot spacing 2–3 millimeters on the levee crown) from several instrument setup locations to detect, measure, and characterize dynamic centimeter-scale deformation and surface changes during the seepage test.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141092","usgsCitation":"Bawden, G.W., Howle, J., Bond, S., Shriro, M., and Buck, P., 2014, Three-dimensional imaging, change detection, and stability assessment during the centerline trench levee seepage experiment using terrestrial light detection and ranging technology, Twitchell Island, California, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1092, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141092.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055970","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288349,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1092/"},{"id":288350,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1092/pdf/ofr2014-1092.pdf"},{"id":288351,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141092.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Twitchell Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.712294,38.06992 ], [ -121.712294,38.184903 ], [ -121.534668,38.184903 ], [ -121.534668,38.06992 ], [ -121.712294,38.06992 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c51e4b0a59b26496947","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bawden, Gerald W. gbawden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bawden","given":"Gerald","email":"gbawden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howle, James 0000-0003-0491-6203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0491-6203","contributorId":88271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howle","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond, Sandra 0000-0003-0522-5287 sbond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-5287","contributorId":3328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bond","given":"Sandra","email":"sbond@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shriro, Michelle","contributorId":43677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shriro","given":"Michelle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buck, Peter","contributorId":13547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buck","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70101009,"text":"ofr20121024I - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70101009,"text":"ofr20121024I - 2014 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska","indexId":"ofr20121024I","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70093199,"text":"ofr20121024 - 2012 - Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources","indexId":"ofr20121024","publicationYear":"2012","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T20:55:06.604803","indexId":"ofr20121024I","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T13:25:36","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1024","chapter":"I","title":"Geologic framework for the national assessment of carbon dioxide storage resources: Alaska North Slope and Kandik Basin, Alaska","docAbstract":"This report presents fourteen storage assessment units (SAUs) from the Alaska North Slope and two SAUs from the Kandik Basin of Alaska. The Alaska North Slope is a broad, north-dipping coastal plain that is underlain by a thick succession of sedimentary rocks that accumulated steadily throughout much of the Phanerozoic during three major tectonic sequences: the Mississippian through Triassic Ellesmerian sequence, the Jurassic through Lower Cretaceous Beaufortian sequence, and the Cretaceous and Tertiary Brookian sequence. Stratigraphic packages associated with all three of these tectonic sequences are suited to geologic carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration. The lower part of the Ellesmerian sequence contains five potential SAUs, two of which have reservoirs within the Endicott Group and three of which have reservoirs within the Lisburne Group. Another potential SAU has sandstone-prone reservoir units interbedded with the upper part of the Ellesmerian Shublik Formation and the Beaufortian Kingak Shale. The Brookian sequence contains eight potential SAUs that have reservoirs that are defined by the various Cretaceous and Tertiary deltaic topset strata of the Colville foreland basin as well as associated slope aprons and submarine turbidite fan complexes.
\nIn east-central Alaska, Kandik Basin is an extension of cratonic North America and straddles the border between Alaska and Canada. The basin contains a section of Neoproterozoic to Mesozoic rocks, which have been multiply deformed during the Phanerozoic. Paleozoic strata within the basin appear to be suited to geologic CO2 sequestration. We defined two SAUs within this interval, which are the Upper Devonian and Mississippian Nation River Formation SAU and the Lower Permian to Lower Cretaceous Step Conglomerate and Tahkandit Limestone SAU.
\nFor each SAU in both of the basins, we discuss the areal distribution of suitable CO2 sequestration reservoir rock. We also characterize the overlying sealing unit and describe the geologic characteristics that influence the potential CO2 storage volume and reservoir performance. These characteristics include reservoir depth, gross thickness, net thickness, porosity, permeability, and groundwater salinity. Case-by-case strategies for estimating the pore volume existing within structurally and (or) stratigraphically closed traps are presented. Although assessment results are not contained in this report, the geologic information included herein was employed to calculate the potential storage volume in the various SAUs. Lastly, in this report, we present the rationale for not conducting assessment work in fifteen sedimentary basins distributed across the Alaskan interior and within Alaskan State waters.
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Thus, NGS has become a routine tool for new viral pathogen discovery and will likely become the standard for routine laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases in the near future. This study demonstrated the application of NGS for the rapid identification and characterization of a virus isolated from the brain of an endangered Mississippi sandhill crane. This bird was part of a population restoration effort and was found in an emaciated state several days after Hurricane Isaac passed over the refuge in Mississippi in 2012. Post-mortem examination had identified trichostrongyliasis as the possible cause of death, but because a virus with morphology consistent with a togavirus was isolated from the brain of the bird, an arboviral etiology was strongly suspected. Because individual molecular assays for several known arboviruses were negative, unbiased NGS by Illumina MiSeq was used to definitively identify and characterize the causative viral agent. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the viral isolate to be the Highlands J virus, a known avian pathogen. This study demonstrates the use of unbiased NGS for the rapid detection and characterization of an unidentified viral pathogen and the application of this technology to wildlife disease diagnostics and conservation medicine.
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2014 - Validating a method for transferring social values of ecosystem services between public lands in the Rocky Mountain region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T12:05:21","indexId":"70112149","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1477,"text":"Ecosystem Services","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Validating a method for transferring social values of ecosystem services between public lands in the Rocky Mountain region","docAbstract":"With growing pressures on ecosystem services, social values attributed to them are increasingly important to land management decisions. Social values, defined here as perceived values the public ascribes to ecosystem services, particularly cultural services, are generally not accounted for through economic markets or considered alongside economic and ecological values in ecosystem service assessments. Social-values data can be elicited through public value and preference surveys; however, limitations prevent them from being regularly collected. These limitations led to our three study objectives: (1) demonstrate an approach for applying benefit transfer, a nonmarket-valuation method, to spatially explicit social values; (2) validate the approach; and (3) identify potential improvements. We applied Social Values for Ecosystem Services (SolVES) to survey data for three national forests in Colorado and Wyoming. Social-value maps and models were generated, describing relationships between the maps and various combinations of environmental variables. Models from each forest were used to estimate social-value maps for the other forests via benefit transfer. Model performance was evaluated relative to the locally derived models. Performance varied with the number and type of environmental variables used, as well as differences in the forests' physical and social contexts. Enhanced metadata and better social-context matching could improve model transferability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecosystem Services","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.03.008","usgsCitation":"Sherrouse, B.C., and Semmens, D.J., 2014, Validating a method for transferring social values of ecosystem services between public lands in the Rocky Mountain region: Ecosystem Services, v. 8, p. 166-177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.03.008.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"166","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-039049","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288322,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2014.03.008"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bridger-teton Nation Forest;Pike And San Isabel National Forests;Rocky Mountains;Shoshone National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.05,37.12 ], [ -111.05,45.0 ], [ -104.75,45.0 ], [ -104.75,37.12 ], [ -111.05,37.12 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c51e4b0a59b2649694b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sherrouse, Benson C.","contributorId":37831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrouse","given":"Benson","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Semmens, Darius J. 0000-0001-7924-6529 dsemmens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7924-6529","contributorId":1714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Semmens","given":"Darius","email":"dsemmens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70112147,"text":"70112147 - 2014 - Strategies for preventing invasive plant outbreaks after prescribed fire in ponderosa pine forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-06T16:39:27","indexId":"70112147","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T11:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strategies for preventing invasive plant outbreaks after prescribed fire in ponderosa pine forest","docAbstract":"Land managers use prescribed fire to return a vital process to fire-adapted ecosystems, restore forest structure from a state altered by long-term fire suppression, and reduce wildfire intensity. However, fire often produces favorable conditions for invasive plant species, particularly if it is intense enough to reveal bare mineral soil and open previously closed canopies. Understanding the environmental or fire characteristics that explain post-fire invasive plant abundance would aid managers in efficiently finding and quickly responding to fire-caused infestations. To that end, we used an information-theoretic model-selection approach to assess the relative importance of abiotic environmental characteristics (topoedaphic position, distance from roads), pre-and post-fire biotic environmental characteristics (forest structure, understory vegetation, fuel load), and prescribed fire severity (measured in four different ways) in explaining invasive plant cover in ponderosa pine forest in South Dakota’s Black Hills. Environmental characteristics (distance from roads and post-fire forest structure) alone provided the most explanation of variation (26%) in post-fire cover of Verbascum thapsus (common mullein), but a combination of surface fire severity and environmental characteristics (pre-fire forest structure and distance from roads) explained 36–39% of the variation in post-fire cover of Cirsium arvense (Canada thistle) and all invasives together. For four species and all invasives together, their pre-fire cover explained more variation (26–82%) in post-fire cover than environmental and fire characteristics did, suggesting one strategy for reducing post-fire invasive outbreaks may be to find and control invasives before the fire. Finding them may be difficult, however, since pre-fire environmental characteristics explained only 20% of variation in pre-fire total invasive cover, and less for individual species. Thus, moderating fire intensity or targeting areas of high severity for post-fire invasive control may be the most efficient means for reducing the chances of post-fire invasive plant outbreaks when conducting prescribed fires in this region.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2014.04.022","usgsCitation":"Symstad, A., Newton, W.E., and Swanson, D.J., 2014, Strategies for preventing invasive plant outbreaks after prescribed fire in ponderosa pine forest: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 324, p. 81-88, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.04.022.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"88","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-054235","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288325,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288284,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.04.022"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Black Hills","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.7945,43.2665 ], [ -104.7945,44.7866 ], [ -102.7523,44.7866 ], [ -102.7523,43.2665 ], [ -104.7945,43.2665 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"324","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c50e4b0a59b26496943","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Symstad, Amy J.","contributorId":11721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Symstad","given":"Amy J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swanson, Daniel J.","contributorId":54515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102894,"text":"sim3293 - 2014 - Flood inundation maps for the Wabash and Eel Rivers at Logansport, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T10:59:23","indexId":"sim3293","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T10:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3293","title":"Flood inundation maps for the Wabash and Eel Rivers at Logansport, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for an 8.3-mile reach of the Wabash River and a 7.6-mile reach of the Eel River at Logansport, Indiana (Ind.), were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at USGS streamgage Wabash River at Logansport, Ind. (sta. no. 03329000) and USGS streamgage Eel River near Logansport, Ind. (sta. no. 03328500). Current conditions for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/. In addition, information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system http:/water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages. NWS-forecasted peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.
\nFor this study, flood profiles were computed for the stream reaches by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgages 03329000, Wabash River at Logansport, Ind., and 03328500, Eel River near Logansport, Ind. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine five water-surface profiles for flood stage at 1-foot intervals referenced to the Wabash River streamgage datum, and four water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the Eel River streamgage datum. The stages range from bankfull to approximately the highest stages that have occurred since 1967 when three flood control dams were built upstream of Logansport, Ind. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM, derived from Light Detection and Ranging [lidar] data having a 0.37-foot vertical accuracy and 3.9-foot horizontal resolution) in order to delineate the area flooded at each stage.
\nThe availability of these maps, along with information available on the Internet regarding current stages from the USGS streamgages at Logansport, Ind., and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post flood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3293","issn":"2329-132X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., 2014, Flood inundation maps for the Wabash and Eel Rivers at Logansport, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3293, Pamphlet: v, 12 p.; Map Sheet Low Resolution: 9 JPGs; Map Sheet High Resolution: 9 PDFs, 22.00 x 17.00 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3293.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: v, 12 p.; Map Sheet Low Resolution: 9 JPGs; Map Sheet High Resolution: 9 PDFs, 22.00 x 17.00 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-041227","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3293.jpg"},{"id":288303,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/"},{"id":288310,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet02_eel_631_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288311,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet03_wab_584_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288307,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/images/sim3293_mapsheets/"},{"id":288308,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/"},{"id":288309,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet01_wab_583_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288312,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet04_eel_632_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288313,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet05_wab_585_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288314,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet06_wab_586_sim3292.pdf"},{"id":288315,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet07_eel_633_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288316,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet08_wab_587_sim3292.pdf"},{"id":288317,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293_mapsheets/sheet09_eel_634_sim3293.pdf"},{"id":288318,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/downloads"},{"id":288305,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3293/pdf/sim3293.pdf"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Logansport","otherGeospatial":"Eel River;Wabash River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.416667,40.733333 ], [ -86.416667,40.8 ], [ -86.266667,40.8 ], [ -86.266667,40.733333 ], [ -86.416667,40.733333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c4ee4b0a59b26496933","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70158681,"text":"70158681 - 2014 - Multiseason occupancy models for correlated replicate surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-05T13:19:20","indexId":"70158681","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2717,"text":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiseason occupancy models for correlated replicate surveys","docAbstract":"Occupancy surveys collecting data from adjacent (sometimes correlated) spatial replicates have become relatively popular for logistical reasons. Hines et al. (2010) presented one approach to modelling such data for single-season occupancy surveys. Here, we present a multiseason analogue of this model (with corresponding software) for inferences about occupancy dynamics. We include a new parameter to deal with the uncertainty associated with the first spatial replicate for both single-season and multiseason models. We use a case study, based on the brown-headed nuthatch, to assess the need for these models when analysing data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS), and we test various hypotheses about occupancy dynamics for this species in the south-eastern United States.
\nThe new model permits inference about local probabilities of extinction, colonization and occupancy for sampling conducted over multiple seasons. The model performs adequately, based on a small simulation study and on results of the case study analysis.
\nThe new model incorporating correlated replicates was strongly favoured by model selection for the BBS data for brown-headed nuthatch (Sitta pusilla). Latitude was found to be an important source of variation in local colonization and occupancy probabilities for brown-headed nuthatch, with both probabilities being higher near the centre of the species range, as opposed to more northern and southern areas.
\nWe recommend this new occupancy model for detection–nondetection studies that use potentially correlated replicates.
\nThis report presents information used to characterize the groundwater-flow system on the Kitsap Peninsula, and includes descriptions of the geology and hydrogeologic framework, groundwater recharge and discharge, groundwater levels and flow directions, seasonal groundwater-level fluctuations, interactions between aquifers and the surface‑water system, and a water budget. The Kitsap Peninsula is in the Puget Sound lowland of west-central Washington, is bounded by Puget Sound on the east and by Hood Canal on the west, and covers an area of about 575 square miles. The peninsula encompasses all of Kitsap County, the part of Mason County north of Hood Canal, and part of Pierce County west of Puget Sound. The peninsula is surrounded by saltwater and the hydrologic setting is similar to that of an island. The study area is underlain by a thick sequence of unconsolidated glacial and interglacial deposits that overlie sedimentary and volcanic bedrock units that crop out in the central part of the study area. Geologic units were grouped into 12 hydrogeologic units consisting of aquifers, confining units, and an underlying bedrock unit. A surficial hydrogeologic unit map was developed and used with well information from 2,116 drillers’ logs to construct 6 hydrogeologic sections and unit extent and thickness maps.
\nUnconsolidated aquifers typically consist of moderately to well-sorted alluvial and glacial outwash deposits of sand, gravel, and cobbles, with minor lenses of silt and clay. These units often are discontinuous or isolated bodies and are of highly variable thickness. Unconfined conditions occur in areas where aquifer units are at land surface; however, much of the study area is mantled by glacial till, and confined aquifer conditions are common. Groundwater in the unconsolidated aquifers generally flows radially off the peninsula in the direction of Puget Sound and Hood Canal. These generalized flow patterns likely are complicated by the presence of low-permeability confining units that separate discontinuous bodies of aquifer material and act as local groundwater-flow barriers.
\nGroundwater-level fluctuations observed during the monitoring period (2011–12) in wells completed in unconsolidated hydrogeologic units indicated seasonal variations ranging from 1 to about 20 feet. The largest fluctuation of 33 feet occurred in a well that was completed in the bedrock unit. Streamgage discharge measurements made during 2012 indicate that groundwater discharge to creeks in the area ranged from about 0.41 to 33.3 cubic feet per second.
\nDuring 2012, which was an above-average year of precipitation, the groundwater system received an average of about 664,610 acre-feet of recharge from precipitation and 22,122 acre-feet of recharge from return flows. Most of this annual recharge (66 percent) discharged to streams, and only about 4 percent was withdrawn from wells. The remaining groundwater recharge (30 percent) left the groundwater system as discharge to Hood Canal and Puget Sound.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kitsap Public Utility District","usgsCitation":"Welch, W.B., Frans, L.M., and Olsen, T.D., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework, groundwater movement, and water budget of the Kitsap Peninsula, west-central Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5106, Report: vii, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 34.0 x 44.0 inches and 47.0 x 32.68 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145106.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 44 p.; 2 Plates: 34.0 x 44.0 inches and 47.0 x 32.68 inches","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055785","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145106.jpg"},{"id":288223,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5106/"},{"id":288257,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5106/pdf/sir20145106.pdf"},{"id":288258,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5106/pdf/sir20145106_plate01.pdf"},{"id":288259,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5106/pdf/sir20145106_plate02.pdf"}],"projection":"State Plane Washington North FIPS 4601 Feet","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Kitsap Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.17018,47.233146 ], [ -123.17018,47.99093 ], [ -122.347281,47.99093 ], [ -122.347281,47.233146 ], [ -123.17018,47.233146 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53996c4fe4b0a59b26496937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Wendy B. wwelch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Wendy","email":"wwelch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186902,"text":"70186902 - 2014 - Simulating future residential property losses from wildfire in Flathead County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T17:09:48.008363","indexId":"70186902","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"1","title":"Simulating future residential property losses from wildfire in Flathead County, Montana","docAbstract":"Wildfire damages to private residences in the United States and elsewhere have increased as a result of expansion of the wildland-urban interface (WUI) and other factors. Understanding this unwelcome trend requires analytical frameworks that simulate how various interacting social, economic, and biophysical factors influence those damages. A methodological framework is developed for simulating expected residential property losses from wildfire [E(RLW)], which is a probabilistic monetary measure of wildfire risk to residential properties in the WUI. E(RLW) is simulated for Flathead County, Montana for five, 10-year subperiods covering the period 2010-2059, under various assumptions about future climate change, economic growth, land use policy, and forest management. Results show statistically significant increases in the spatial extent of WUI properties, the number of residential structures at risk from wildfire, and E(RLW) over the 50-year evaluation period for both the county and smaller subareas (i.e., neighborhoods and parcels). The E(RLW) simulation framework presented here advances the field of wildfire risk assessment by providing a finer-scale tool that incorporates a set of dynamic, interacting processes. The framework can be applied using other scenarios for climate change, economic growth, land use policy, and forest management, and in other areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in environmental research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nova Science Publishers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Prato, T., Paveglio, T.B., Barnett, Y., Silverstein, R., Hardy, M., Keane, R., Loehman, R.A., Clark, A., Fagre, D.B., Venn, T., and Stockmann, K., 2014, Simulating future residential property losses from wildfire in Flathead County, Montana, chap. 1 of Advances in environmental research, v. 33, p. 1-40.","productDescription":"40 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"40","ipdsId":"IP-055862","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science 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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Karst geomorphology and hydrology of the Shenandoah Valley near Harrisonburg, Virginia","docAbstract":"The karst of the central Shenandoah Valley has characteristics of both shallow and deep phreatic formation. This field guide focuses on the region around Harrisonburg, Virginia, where a number of these karst features and their associated geologic context can be examined. Ancient, widespread alluvial deposits cover much of the carbonate bedrock on the western side of the valley, where shallow karstification has resulted in classical fluviokarst development. However, in upland exposures of carbonate rock, isolated caves exist atop hills not affected by surface processes other than exposure during denudation. The upland caves contain phreatic deposits of calcite and fine-grained sediments. They lack any evidence of having been invaded by surface streams. Recent geologic mapping and LIDAR (light detection and ranging) elevation data have enabled interpretive association between bedrock structure, igneous intrusions, silicification and brecciation of host carbonate bedrock, and the location of several caves and karst springs. Geochemistry, water quality, and water temperature data support the broad categorization of springs into those affected primarily by shallow near-surface recharge, and those sourced deeper in the karst aquifer. The deep-seated karst formation occurred in the distant past where subvertical fracture and fault zones intersect thrust faults and/or cross-strike faults, enabling upwelling of deep-circulating meteoric groundwater. Most caves formed in such settings have been overprinted by later circulation of shallow groundwater, thus removing evidence of the history of earliest inception; however, several caves do preserve evidence of an earlier formation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2014.0035(06)","usgsCitation":"Doctor, D.H., Orndorff, W., Maynard, J., Heller, M., and Casile, G.C., 2014, Karst geomorphology and hydrology of the Shenandoah Valley near Harrisonburg, Virginia: GSA Field Guides, v. 35, p. 161-213, https://doi.org/10.1130/2014.0035(06).","productDescription":"53 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"213","ipdsId":"IP-053426","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Shenandoah 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Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orndorff, Wil","contributorId":127487,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Wil","affiliations":[{"id":6970,"text":"Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Natural Heritage Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maynard, Joel","contributorId":127488,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maynard","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6971,"text":"Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, Groundwater Characterization Program","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heller, Matthew J.","contributorId":81588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":525416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casile, Gerolamo C. jcasile@usgs.gov","contributorId":4007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casile","given":"Gerolamo","email":"jcasile@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":525417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70112026,"text":"70112026 - 2014 - Compositional and stable carbon isotopic fractionation during non-autocatalytic thermochemical sulfate reduction by gaseous hydrocarbons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-10T16:22:29","indexId":"70112026","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-10T16:18:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Compositional and stable carbon isotopic fractionation during non-autocatalytic thermochemical sulfate reduction by gaseous hydrocarbons","docAbstract":"The possibility of autocatalysis during thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) by gaseous hydrocarbons was investigated by examination of previously reported laboratory and field data. This reaction was found to be a kinetically controlled non-autocatalytic process, and the apparent lack of autocatalysis is thought to be due to the absence of the required intermediate species. Kinetic parameters for chemical and carbon isotopic fractionations of gaseous hydrocarbons affected by TSR were calculated and found to be consistent with experimentally derived values for TSR involving long-chain hydrocarbons. Model predictions based on these kinetic values indicate that TSR by gaseous hydrocarbon requires high-temperature conditions. The oxidation of C2–5 hydrocarbons by sulfate reduction is accompanied by carbon isotopic fractionation with the residual C2–5 hydrocarbons becoming more enriched in 13C. Kinetic parameters were calculated for the stable carbon isotopic fractionation of gaseous hydrocarbons that have experienced TSR. Model predictions based on these kinetics indicate that it may be difficult to distinguish the effects of TSR from those of thermal maturation at lower levels of hydrocarbon oxidation; however, unusually heavy δ13C2+ values (>−10‰) can be diagnostic of high levels of conversion (>50%). Stoichiometric and stable carbon isotopic data show that methane is stable under the investigated reaction conditions and is likely a product of TSR by other gaseous hydrocarbons rather than a significant reactant. These results indicate that the overall TSR reaction mechanism for oxidation of organic substrates containing long-chain hydrocarbons involves three distinct phases as follows: (1) an initial slow and non-autocatalytic stage characterized by the reduction of reactive sulfate by long-chain saturated hydrocarbons; (2) a second autocatalytic reaction phase dominated by reactions involving reduced sulfur species and partially oxidized hydrocarbons; (3) and a final, or late-stage, TSR reaction in which hydrocarbon oxidation continues at a slower rate via the non-autocatalytic reduction of sulfate by gaseous hydrocarbons.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.004","usgsCitation":"Xia, X., Ellis, G.S., Ma, Q., and Tang, Y., 2014, Compositional and stable carbon isotopic fractionation during non-autocatalytic thermochemical sulfate reduction by gaseous hydrocarbons: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 139, p. 472-486, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.004.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"472","endPage":"486","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-051961","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288222,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288221,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2014.05.004"}],"volume":"139","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53981ad1e4b09e5ae91f9d9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xia, Xinyu","contributorId":54494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"Xinyu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellis, Geoffrey S. 0000-0003-4519-3320 gsellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4519-3320","contributorId":1058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gsellis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ma, Qisheng","contributorId":35219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Qisheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tang, Yongchun","contributorId":103166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Yongchun","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}