Documentation of the 1988 drought in Indiana was undertaken to aid water-management agencies and planners concerned with periods of below-normal precipitation and their effect on commercial, agricultural, and residential water use. Precipitation, temperature, Palmer Drought Severity Indices, and ground- and surface-water levels from water years 1988 and 1989 were compared to the historical record to evaluate severity, extent, and duration of the 1988 drought in Indiana.
\nThree types of drought-climatological, hydrologic, and agricultural--occurred in most of Indiana during water years 1988 and 1989. The drought began toward the end of calendar year 1987 as annual precipitation decreased to 4.6 inches below the long term mean. By the end of September 1988, statewide precipitation deficits had increased to almost 8 inches below normal. High temperatures during the summer months increased the stress on crops, livestock, and people. Northwest Indiana experienced the second warmest June-August on record. Palmer Drought Severity Indices indicated that a moderate-to-severe drought had occurred in Indiana during most of 1988.
\nGround-water levels were affected substantially in many areas of the State. Record low-water levels were observed at 12 of the 20 monitoring wells included in this report. A go-day ground-water emergency was declared in parts of northwestern Indiana. Streamflow throughout the State was affected to varying degrees by the drought. Annual mean discharge in some rivers was only slightly less than the mean annual discharge, while others flowed at less than half that value. The effects of low streamflows were felt by many as electric power plants reduced or ceased production and public-water utilities requested conservation measures by their customers. Major reservoirs in the State approached or reached record low levels, causing water supplies as well as recreational activities to be diminished.
\nMost major crops produced in Indiana were affected by the dry conditions. Average yields in 1988 ranged from 50 to 86 percent of 1987 yields.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri914100","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., 1992, Description and effects of 1988 drought on ground-water levels, streamflow, and reservoir levels in Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4100, vi, 91 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914100.","productDescription":"vi, 91 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","startPage":"1","endPage":"91","numberOfPages":"98","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":122810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_91_4100.jpg"},{"id":2121,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri914100/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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K. 0000-0002-0107-3848","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":40633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"K.","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1955,"text":"wsp2371 - 1992 - Assessment of hydrogeologic conditions with emphasis on water quality and wastewater injection, southwest Sarasota and West Charlotte counties, Florida","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":19491,"text":"ofr90709 - 1991 - Assessment of hydrogeologic conditions with emphasis on water quality and wastewater injection, Southwest Sarasota and West Charlotte counties, Florida","indexId":"ofr90709","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of hydrogeologic conditions with emphasis on water quality and wastewater injection, Southwest Sarasota and West Charlotte counties, Florida"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1955,"text":"wsp2371 - 1992 - Assessment of hydrogeologic conditions with emphasis on water quality and wastewater injection, southwest Sarasota and West Charlotte counties, Florida","indexId":"wsp2371","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Assessment of hydrogeologic conditions with emphasis on water quality and wastewater injection, southwest Sarasota and West Charlotte counties, Florida"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T06:59:57","indexId":"wsp2371","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2371","title":"Assessment of hydrogeologic conditions with emphasis on water quality and wastewater injection, southwest Sarasota and West Charlotte counties, Florida","docAbstract":"The 250-square-mile area of southwest Sarasota and west Charlotte Counties is underlain by a complex hydrogeologic system having diverse ground-water quality. The surficial and intermediate aquifer systems and the Upper Floridan aquifer of the Floridan aquifer system contain six separate aquifers, or permeable zones, and have a total thickness of about 2,000 feet. Water in the clastic surficial aquifer system is potable and is tapped by hundreds of shallow, low-yielding supply wells. Water in the mixed clastic and carbonate intermediate aquifer system is potable in the upper part, but in the lower part, because of increasing salinity, it is used primarily for reverse-osmosis desalinization feed water and irrigation. Within the Upper Floridan aquifer, limestone and dolomite of the Suwannee permeable zone are tapped by irrigation and reverse-osmosis supply wells. The underlying, less permeable limestone of the Suwannee-Ocala semiconfining unit generally encompasses the transition zone between freshwater and very saline water. Interbedded limestone and dolomite of the Ocala-Avon Park moderately permeable zone and Avon Park highly permeable zone compose the deep, very saline injection zone. Potential ground-water contamination problems include flooding by storm tides, upward movement of saline water toward pumping centers by natural and induced leakage or through improperly constructed and abandoned wells, and lateral and vertical movement of treated sewage and reverse-osmosis wastewater injected into deep zones. Effects of flooding are evident in coastal areas where vertical layering of fresh and saline waters is observed. Approximately 100 uncontrolled flowing artesian wells that have interaquifer flow rates as high as 350 gallons per minute have been located and scheduled for plugging by the Southwest Florida Water Management District--in an attempt to improve ground-water quality of the shallow aquifers. Because each aquifer or permeable zone has unique head and water-quality characteristics, construction of single-zone wells would eliminate cross-contamination and borehole interflow. Such a program, when combined with the plugging of shallow-cased wells having long open-hole intervals connecting multiple zones, would safeguard ground-water resources in the study area. The study area encompasses seven wastewater injection sites that have a projected capacity for injecting 29 million gallons per day into the zone 1,100 to 2,050 feet below land surface. There are six additional sites within 20 miles. The first well began injecting reverse-osmosis wastewater in 1984, and since then, other wells have been drilled and permitted for injection of treated sewage. A numerical model was used to evaluate injection-well design and potential for movement of injected wastewater within the hydrogeologic framework. The numerical model was used to simulate injection through a representative well at a rate of 1 million gallons per day for 10 years. In this simulation, a convection cell developed around the injection well with the buoyant fresh injectant rising to form a lens within the injection zone below the lower Suwannee-Ocala semiconfining unit. Around an ideal, fully penetrating well cased 50 feet into the injection zone and open from a depth of 1,150 feet to 2,050 feet, simulations show that the injectant moves upward to a depth of 940 feet, forms a lens about 600 feet thick, and spreads radially outward to a distance of about 2,300 feet after 10 years. Comparison simulations of injection through wells having open depth intervals of 1,150 to 1,400 feet and 1,450 to 2,050 feet demonstrate that such changes in well construction have little effect on the areal spread of the injectant lens or the rate of upward movement.
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","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b2004","usgsCitation":"Bliss, J.D., 1992, Developments in mineral deposit modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2004, v, 168 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2004.","productDescription":"v, 168 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164357,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60995,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":3375,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/b2004/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dcf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":210155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":67977,"text":"ha722B - 1992 - Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Physical framework of the Great Plains aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-24T20:03:31.252351","indexId":"ha722B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"722","chapter":"B","title":"Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Physical framework of the Great Plains aquifer system","docAbstract":"The purpose of this map report is to provide a description of one of the principal geohydrologic systems in Upper Cambrian through Lower Cretaceous rocks in Kansas. The report is the result of an investigation made as part of the Central Midwest Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (CMRASA). The CMRASA is one of several major investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey of regional aquifer systems in the United States. These regional investigations are designed to increase knowledge of the flow regime and hydrologic properties of major aquifer systems and to provide quantitative information for the assessment, development, and management of water supplies. The CMRASA study area includes all or parts of 10 Central Midwestern States (Jorgensen and Signor, 1981), as shown on the envelope cover.
This Hydrologic Investigations Atlas, which consists of a series of nine chapters, presents a description of the physical framework and the geohydrology of principal aquifer and confining systems in Kansas. Chapter B describes the physical framework of the Great Plains aquifer system and presents maps and a geohydrologic cross section that show the thickness, the areal extent, and the altitude and configuration of the top of the Lower Cretaceous rocks that compose the Great Plains aquifer system. The maps are based on data from selected geophysical and lithologic logs and from published maps of stratigraphically equivalent units. Maps that show the thickness and the altitude and configuration of the top of the Great Plains aquifer system have been prepared as part of a series of interrelated maps that describe the stratigraphic interval from the Precambrian surface through Lower Cretaceous rocks. A concerted effort was made to ensure that maps of each geohydrologic system are consistent with maps of underlying and overlying systems; modifications were made where necessary.
Chapter A of this atlas series (Wolf and others, 1990) describes the relation of geohydrologic systems in Kansas and presents a more detailed discussion of the methods and data used to prepare and ensure consistency among the sets of maps in the series.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha722B","usgsCitation":"Spinazola, J.M., Wolf, R.J., and McGovern, H.E., 1992, Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Physical framework of the Great Plains aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 722, 2 Plates: 53.86 x 39.87 inches and 51.13 x 34.54 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha722B.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 53.86 x 39.87 inches and 51.13 x 34.54 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266304,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/722b/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":186136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":360661,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/722b/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394772,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16146.htm"}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains aquifer system","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102.04,37 ], [ -102.04,40 ], [ -97,40 ], [ -97,37 ], [ -102.04,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spinazola, Joseph M.","contributorId":102044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spinazola","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolf, R. J.","contributorId":21518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGovern, Harold E.","contributorId":9634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGovern","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":19668,"text":"ofr92389 - 1992 - Composite geophysical model for continental volcanic-hosted epithermal mineralization; Cox and Singer mineral deposit models numbered 25b, 25c, 25d, and 25e","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:39","indexId":"ofr92389","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-389","title":"Composite geophysical model for continental volcanic-hosted epithermal mineralization; Cox and Singer mineral deposit models numbered 25b, 25c, 25d, and 25e","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92389","usgsCitation":"Klein, D.P., and Bankey, V., 1992, Composite geophysical model for continental volcanic-hosted epithermal mineralization; Cox and Singer mineral deposit models numbered 25b, 25c, 25d, and 25e: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-389, 15 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92389.","productDescription":"15 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152180,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0389/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49133,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0389/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8207","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klein, D. P.","contributorId":36555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klein","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":181305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bankey, Viki viki@usgs.gov","contributorId":1238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bankey","given":"Viki","email":"viki@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":181304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17196,"text":"ofr92208 - 1992 - Grade-tonnage and target-area models of Au-Ag-Te veins associated with alkalic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-26T14:22:28","indexId":"ofr92208","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-208","title":"Grade-tonnage and target-area models of Au-Ag-Te veins associated with alkalic rocks","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92208","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Bliss, J.D., Sutphin, D.M., Mosier, D., and Allen, M.S., 1992, Grade-tonnage and target-area models of Au-Ag-Te veins associated with alkalic rocks: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-208, 15 p. ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92208.","productDescription":"15 p. ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46335,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":270176,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0208b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673f95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bliss, James D. jbliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"James","email":"jbliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":175350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosier, D.L.","contributorId":21965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mosier","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, M. S.","contributorId":63001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":175353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":49597,"text":"ofr92553A - 1992 - Interactive inversion of dipole loop-loop electromagnetic data for layered earth models using numerical integration and complex image theory (version 1.0)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:16","indexId":"ofr92553A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-553","chapter":"A","title":"Interactive inversion of dipole loop-loop electromagnetic data for layered earth models using numerical integration and complex image theory (version 1.0)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr92553A","usgsCitation":"Anderson, W., 1992, Interactive inversion of dipole loop-loop electromagnetic data for layered earth models using numerical integration and complex image theory (version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-553, 42 p.; illus., 14 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92553A.","productDescription":"42 p.; illus., 14 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0553a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86211,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0553a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0cc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, W.L.","contributorId":54584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29312,"text":"wri914142 - 1992 - Evaluation of a ground-water flow and transport model of the upper Coachella Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri914142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4142","title":"Evaluation of a ground-water flow and transport model of the upper Coachella Valley, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914142","usgsCitation":"Reichard, E., and Meadows, J., 1992, Evaluation of a ground-water flow and transport model of the upper Coachella Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4142, vi, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914142.","productDescription":"vi, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58157,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4142/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reichard, E.G. 0000-0002-7310-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":40635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meadows, J.K.","contributorId":52225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28775,"text":"wri884208 - 1992 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Antlers aquifer in southeastern Oklahoma and northeastern Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri884208","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4208","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Antlers aquifer in southeastern Oklahoma and northeastern Texas","docAbstract":"The Antlers Sandstone of Early Cretaceous age occurs in all or parts of Atoka, Bryan, Carter, Choctaw, Johnston, Love, Marshall, McCurtain, and Pushmataha Counties, a 4,400-square-mile area in southeastern Oklahoma parallel to the Red River. The sandstone comprising the Antlers aquifer is exposed in the northern one-third of the area, and ground water in the outcrop area is unconfined. Younger Cretaceous rocks overlie the Antlers in the southern two thirds of the study area where the aquifer is confined. The Antlers extends in the subsurface south into Texas where it underlies all or parts of Bowie, Cooke, Fannin, Grayson, Lamar, and Red River Counties. An area of approximately 5,400 square miles in Texas is included in the study.\r\nThe Antlers Sandstone consists of sand, clay, conglomerate, and limestone deposited on an erosional surface of Paleozoic rocks. Saturated thickness in the Antlers ranges from 0 feet at the updip limit to probably more than 2,000 feet, 25 to 30 miles south of the Red River.\r\n\r\nSimulated recharge to the Antlers based on model calibration ranges from 0.32 to about 0.96 inch per year. Base flow increases where streams cross the Antlers outcrop, indicating that the aquifer supplies much of the base flow.\r\n\r\nPumpage rates for 1980 in excess of 35 million gallons per year per grid cell for public supply, irrigation, and industrial uses total 872 million gallons in the Oklahoma part of the Antlers and 5,228 million gallons in the Texas part of the Antlers.\r\n\r\nGround-water flow in the Antlers aquifer was simulated using one active layer in a three-dimensional finite-difference mathematical model. Simulated aquifer hydraulic conductivity values range from 0.87 to 3.75 feet per day. A vertical hydraulic conductivity of 1.5x10-4 foot per day was specified for the younger confining unit at the start of the simulation. An average storage coefficient of 0.0005 was specified for the confined part of the aquifer; a specific yield of 0.17 was specified for the unconfined part.\r\n\r\nBecause pumping from the Antlers is minimal, calibration under transient conditions was not possible. Consequently, the head changes resulting from projection simulations in this study are estimates only. Volumetric results of the six projection simulations from the years 1990 to 2040 indicate that the decrease in the volume of ground water in storage due to pumping approximately 9,700,000 acre-feet from 1970 to 2040 is less than 0.1 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884208","usgsCitation":"Morton, R.B., 1992, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Antlers aquifer in southeastern Oklahoma and northeastern Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4208, v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884208.","productDescription":"v, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159582,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57649,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4208/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57650,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4208/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57651,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4208/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57652,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4208/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57653,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4208/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57654,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4208/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57655,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4208/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57656,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db698742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morton, R. B.","contributorId":36521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morton","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4674,"text":"twri06A4 - 1992 - A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 2: Derivation of finite-element equations and comparisons with analytical solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:30","indexId":"twri06A4","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"06-A4","title":"A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 2: Derivation of finite-element equations and comparisons with analytical solutions","docAbstract":"MODFE, a modular finite-element model for simulating steady- or unsteady-state, area1 or axisymmetric flow of ground water in a heterogeneous anisotropic aquifer is documented in a three-part series of reports. In this report, part 2, the finite-element equations are derived by minimizing a functional of the difference between the true and approximate hydraulic head, which produces equations that are equivalent to those obtained by either classical variational or Galerkin techniques. Spatial finite elements are triangular with linear basis functions, and temporal finite elements are one dimensional with linear basis functions. Physical processes that can be represented by the model include (1) confined flow, unconfined flow (using the Dupuit approximation), or a combination of both; (2) leakage through either rigid or elastic confining units; (3) specified recharge or discharge at points, along lines, or areally; (4) flow across specified-flow, specified-head, or head-dependent boundaries; (5) decrease of aquifer thickness to zero under extreme water-table decline and increase of aquifer thickness from zero as the water table rises; and (6) head-dependent fluxes from springs, drainage wells, leakage across riverbeds or confining units combined with aquifer dewatering, and evapotranspiration.\r\nThe matrix equations produced by the finite-element method are solved by the direct symmetric-Doolittle method or the iterative modified incomplete-Cholesky conjugate-gradient method. The direct method can be efficient for small- to medium-sized problems (less than about 500 nodes), and the iterative method is generally more efficient for larger-sized problems. Comparison of finite-element solutions with analytical solutions for five example problems demonstrates that the finite-element model can yield accurate solutions to ground-water flow problems.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/twri06A4","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., 1992, A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 2: Derivation of finite-element equations and comparisons with analytical solutions: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 06-A4, viii, 108 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri06A4.","productDescription":"viii, 108 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":138689,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":198,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri6a4/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ade61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17973,"text":"ofr92518A - 1992 - Inversion of plane-wave electromagnetic data for layered earth models using a graphical user interface (Version 1.0)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr92518A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-518","chapter":"A","title":"Inversion of plane-wave electromagnetic data for layered earth models using a graphical user interface (Version 1.0)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr92518A","usgsCitation":"Anderson, W.L., 1992, Inversion of plane-wave electromagnetic data for layered earth models using a graphical user interface (Version 1.0) (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-518, 1 booklet (28 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92518A.","productDescription":"1 booklet (28 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151250,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0518a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47216,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0518a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c5e4b07f02db53f923","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Walter L.","contributorId":99133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20338,"text":"ofr92593 - 1992 - Industrial mineral deposit models; descriptive models for three lacustrine deposit types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr92593","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-593","title":"Industrial mineral deposit models; descriptive models for three lacustrine deposit types","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92593","usgsCitation":"Orris, G., 1992, Industrial mineral deposit models; descriptive models for three lacustrine deposit types (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-593, i, 14 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92593.","productDescription":"i, 14 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1136,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/ofr-92-0593/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0593/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49869,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0593/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5eeb03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orris, G. J.","contributorId":80252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38443,"text":"pp1405A - 1992 - Summary of ground-water hydrology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-27T19:52:44.287101","indexId":"pp1405A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1405","chapter":"A","title":"Summary of ground-water hydrology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States","docAbstract":"The Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system contains very productive aquifers throughout an area of about 161,000 square miles in the northern Midwest. The aquifer system is used extensively for industrial and rural water supplies and is the primary source of water for many municipalities in most of its area of occurrence, except in Indiana, central and southern Illinois, and western Iowa, where the aquifer system contains saline water. About 680 million gallons per day was withdrawn from drilled wells in the aquifer system in 1980.
\nRocks of Cambrian and Ordovician age, mainly marine sandstones and carbonate rocks, constitute most of the bedrock and subcrop beneath glacial drift in southeastern Minnesota, northeastern Iowa, Wisconsin, northern Illinois, and extreme northwestern Indiana. These strata dip generally to the south and east off the Transcontinental arch in Minnesota and the Wisconsin arch, which are structurally high areas of the Precambrian basement, into the structural lows of the Forest City basin of southwestern Iowa, the Illinois basin, and the Michigan basin.
\nThe Cambrian and Ordovician rocks are buried by younger rocks in the remainder of Iowa, Illinois, and Indiana and in most of northern Missouri. Silurian and Devonian carbonate rocks immediately overlie the Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in those areas and are termed the \"Silurian-Devonian aquifer\" in this study. The balance of the Devonian rocks and the overlying Mississippian and Pennsylvanian rocks generally are fine-grained sediment or dense carbonate rocks and collectively are considered to be a regional confining unit. Most of the area is covered by a veneer of glacial drift, which, along with Cretaceous sandstone in northwestern Iowa, is treated as a regional water-table aquifer.
\nThe Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system is composed of six hydrogeologic units, which are, in descending order, the Maquoketa confining unit, St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer, St. Lawrence- Franconia confining unit, Ironton-Galesville aquifer, Eau Claire confining unit, and Mount Simon aquifer. The uppermost confining unit is the least permeable; it consists primarily of the Maquoketa Shale but includes the dense carbonate rocks of the Galena Dolomite and the Decorah, Platteville, and Glenwood Formations where they are overlain by the Maquoketa Shale. The presence of the Maquoketa in Iowa, eastern Wisconsin, northeastern Illinois, and Indiana effectively confines the entire aquifer system below.
\nThe aquifer system is a leaky-artesian system in which movement of ground water is controlled partly by the internal confining units. In the northern outcrop area, unconfined conditions prevail in shallow parts of the aquifer system and where the system is thin. Much of the recharge in upland areas discharges to streams through local flow systems, which are no more than a few miles in length. The remainder of the recharge moves slowly downward to deeper formations and downgradient to form or join the regional flow system.
\nComputer simulations of regional ground-water flow improve understanding of the regional character of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system. Ground-water flow in the confined part of the aquifer system is mainly horizontal, away from the structural highs in the north, toward the structural basins in the south and east. The rate of ground-water movement is very slow, and the flux along flow paths into the basins decreases because of a progressive loss of head and small but widespread upward leakage. Saline water in the basins restricts movement of freshwater into the deeper parts of the basins, thereby forcing flow upward through confining units. Principal regional discharge areas are the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, the Illinois and Michigan structural basins, and Lake Michigan. However, the lake is not in direct hydraulic connection with the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system and receives flow primarily from the Silurian-Devonian aquifer, which it directly overlies. The longest regional flow paths originate in recharge areas in northwestern Iowa and extend southeastward as much as 400 miles toward the Illinois basin.
\nSimulated predevelopment recharge and discharge for the Cambrian- Ordovician aquifer system balance at 351 million gallons per day.
\nDevelopment of the aquifer system began in various parts of the northern Midwest in the 1860's and 1870's with the drilling of deep, generally flowing artesian wells near Lake Michigan in eastern Wisconsin and northeastern Illinois and along the valleys of the Mississippi River and its tributaries. Initial heads of 186 and 130 feet above Lake Michigan at Milwaukee and Chicago, respectively, have been reported. Large-scale pumping has produced cones of depression in these two areas, with respective head declines of as much as 375 and 900 feet. Other major pumping centers generally have had much smaller declines. The largest withdrawals from the aquifer system were about 180 million gallons per day in each of the major metropolitan areas of Chicago and Minneapolis-St. Paul (Twin Cities). However, the total decline in head in the St. Peter-Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer in the Twin Cities by 1980 was only 90 feet because the aquifer is unconfined. Most of the eastern two-thirds of Iowa, where the aquifer system is tightly confined, is characterized by more than 50 feet of head decline, with 200 feet or more at Mason City and the Quad Cities. Pumpage from the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system throughout the study area averaged 683 million gallons per day for the period 1976-80. Results of a transient-model simulation show that recharge increased over predevelopment recharge by 447 million gallons per day. Natural discharge decreased by 99 million gallons per day, and 137 million gallons per day was released from aquifer storage. Mineralization of ground water in the aquifer system increases from slightly mineralized calcium magnesium bicarbonate water in the northern recharge areas, through more mineralized, mixed water types with increased sodium and sulfate, to highly mineralized sodium chloride brines in the deeper parts of the structural basins.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional aquifer-system analysis - northern Midwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1405A","usgsCitation":"Young, H.L., 1992, Summary of ground-water hydrology of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system in the northern Midwest, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1405, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1405A.","productDescription":"55 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388615,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4851.htm"},{"id":119767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1405a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64918,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1405a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ],\n [\n -88.330078125,\n 46.042735653846506\n ],\n [\n -90.3955078125,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -92.59277343749999,\n 46.34692761055676\n ],\n [\n -93.603515625,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -94.7021484375,\n 45.24395342262324\n ],\n [\n -95.8447265625,\n 43.644025847699496\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 42.553080288955826\n ],\n [\n -96.7236328125,\n 41.83682786072714\n ],\n [\n -96.328125,\n 40.78054143186031\n ],\n [\n -95.2734375,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -94.8779296875,\n 38.37611542403604\n ],\n [\n -93.8232421875,\n 37.996162679728116\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 37.54457732085582\n ],\n [\n -89.69238281249999,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -88.1982421875,\n 38.03078569382294\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -85.78125,\n 39.16414104768742\n ],\n [\n -86.4404296875,\n 42.45588764197166\n ],\n [\n -86.8798828125,\n 43.29320031385282\n ],\n [\n -87.099609375,\n 44.15068115978091\n ],\n [\n -86.044921875,\n 45.9511496866914\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6991cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, H. L.","contributorId":23922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":65018,"text":"i2203 - 1992 - Geologic map of the Pompeii Quadrangle (MTM 20057), Maja Valles region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-28T11:24:57.232171","indexId":"i2203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2203","title":"Geologic map of the Pompeii Quadrangle (MTM 20057), Maja Valles region of Mars","docAbstract":"The Pompeii quadrangle is in the northern Maja Valles between Lunae Planum to the west and Xanthe Terra to the east (fig. 1). Approximately two-thirds of the surface is relatively smooth plains, and the other one-third is subdued, cratered, upland plateau. Several large (greater than 30 km in diameter) craters dominate the landscape. The crater Pompeii is the largest fresh crater in the quadrangle. The major interest in the map area is evidence of the relatively brief, catastrophic Maja outflow and its associated topographic modification of much of the area. The effects of erosion and deposition by the Maja flood are pronounced and are a chief part of the story; therefore, flood-modified terrain is divided in considerable detail. The stratigraphic units associated with the outflow are true rock units although they may be very thin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2203","usgsCitation":"De Hon, R., 1992, Geologic map of the Pompeii Quadrangle (MTM 20057), Maja Valles region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2203, 1 Plate: 66.67 × 48.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2203.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 66.67 × 48.00 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":438934,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9IWGLSG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geologic map of the Pompeii Quadrangle (MTM 20057), Maja Valles region of Mars"},{"id":189766,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100814,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2203/plate-1.pdf","size":"11304","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"502000","otherGeospatial":"Maja Valles, Mars","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aefe4b07f02db691659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"De Hon, R. A.","contributorId":71266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Hon","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":272517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20120,"text":"ofr935 - 1992 - Program TracePlot, version 1.1; seismic trace plotting program for the Macintosh","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20120,"text":"ofr935 - 1992 - Program TracePlot, version 1.1; seismic trace plotting program for the Macintosh","indexId":"ofr935","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Program TracePlot, version 1.1; seismic trace plotting program for the Macintosh"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":20121,"text":"ofr93226 - 1993 - Program TracePlot, version 2.0; seismic trace plotting program for the Macintosh","indexId":"ofr93226","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Program TracePlot, version 2.0; seismic trace plotting program for the Macintosh"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":20121,"text":"ofr93226 - 1993 - Program TracePlot, version 2.0; seismic trace plotting program for the Macintosh","indexId":"ofr93226","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"Program TracePlot, version 2.0; seismic trace plotting program for the Macintosh"},"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-01T17:57:23.198997","indexId":"ofr935","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-5","title":"Program TracePlot, version 1.1; seismic trace plotting program for the Macintosh","docAbstract":"Program TracePlot, Version 1.1, is a Macintosh software application to access a SEG-Y format seismic data file and display the seismic traces on the CRT screen of a Macintosh microcomputer. Both color and monochrome monitors are supported. Display modes are Wiggle-trace, Variable Area, or Wiggle plus Variable Area. Horizontal and vertical resolution is dependant upon the size of the monitor that is attached to the computer. The user controls the following parameters: 1) number of traces to be displayed on the screen at any one time, 2) the time window displayed, 3) the seismic trace in the file at which to begin plotting and trace increment to display thereafter, 4) plot direction 5) timing-line annotation increment, and 6) type of gain to apply (either constant gain factor, or trace-by-trace normalization). A pull-down menu provides interactive help during program execution. A utility program is also included which provides the function of copying a portion of a SEG-Y format data file to another file.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr935","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.J., 1992, Program TracePlot, version 1.1; seismic trace plotting program for the Macintosh: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-5, ii, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr935.","productDescription":"ii, 10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493362,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0005/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0005/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae1e4b07f02db6886ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J. J.","contributorId":54588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":64530,"text":"i2050D - 1992 - Map showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-13T18:49:11.968861","indexId":"i2050D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2050","chapter":"D","title":"Map showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to assess the potential for undiscovered vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle. This quadrangle, in west-central Montana, is one of the most mineralized and productive regions in the United States. Its mining districts, including the world famous Butte or Summit Valley district, have produced a variety of metallic and nonmetallic mineral commodities valued at more than $6.4 billion. Because of its importance as a mineral producing region, the Butte quadrangle was selected for study by the U.S. Geological Survey under the Conterminous United States Mineral Assessment Program (CUSMAP). Under this program, new data on geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geochronology, mineral resources, and remote sensing were collected and synthesized. The field and laboratory studies were also supported by funding from the Geologic Framework and Synthesis Program and the Wilderness Program. The methods used in resource assessment include a compilation of all data into data sets, the development of a descriptive model for vein and replacement deposits in the quadrangle, and the analysis of data using techniques provided by the Geographic Information System (GIS). This map is one of a number of reports and maps on the Butte 1 °X2° quadrangle. Other publications resulting from this study include U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Maps 1-2050-A (Rowan and Segal, in press) and I-2050-B (Purdy and Rowan, in press); Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1925 (Wallace, 1987); and Open-File Reports 86-292 (Wallace and others, 1986) and 86--0632 (Elliott and others, 1986). Reports on mineral resource assessment for several other types of deposits in the Butte quadrangle are in preparation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2050D","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.E., Wallace, C.A., Lee, G.K., Antweiler, J., Lidke, D., Rowan, L.C., Hanna, W.F., Trautwein, C., Dwyer, J.L., and Moll, S.H., 1992, Map showing mineral resource assessment for vein and replacement deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, manganese, and tungsten in the Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2050, Report: iv, 31 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 50.00 inches and 48.50 x 35.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2050D.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 31 p.; 2 Plates: 31.00 x 50.00 inches and 48.50 x 35.00 inches","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":91377,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050d/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91379,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":91378,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050d/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":107270,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_10104.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"10104"},{"id":187227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2050d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Butte 1° x 2° quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,46 ], [ -114,47 ], [ -112,47 ], [ -112,46 ], [ -114,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a75e4b07f02db644a0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. E.","contributorId":19914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, C. A.","contributorId":15596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, G. K.","contributorId":76722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Antweiler, J.C.","contributorId":35722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lidke, D. J.","contributorId":10857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidke","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rowan, L. C.","contributorId":40584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowan","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hanna, W. F.","contributorId":6835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Trautwein, C. M.","contributorId":86748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trautwein","given":"C. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Dwyer, John L. 0000-0002-8281-0896","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-0896","contributorId":6136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dwyer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Moll, S. H.","contributorId":19236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":271237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":72522,"text":"ofr9262 - 1992 - Tidal, Residual, Intertidal mudflat (TRIM) model using a semi-implicit, Eulerian-Lagrangian method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T10:38:18","indexId":"ofr9262","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-62","title":"Tidal, Residual, Intertidal mudflat (TRIM) model using a semi-implicit, Eulerian-Lagrangian method","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr9262","usgsCitation":"Cheng, R.T., and Casulli, V., 1992, Tidal, Residual, Intertidal mudflat (TRIM) model using a semi-implicit, Eulerian-Lagrangian method: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-62, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9262.","productDescription":"43 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ccf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casulli, Vincenzo","contributorId":42302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27740,"text":"wri914194 - 1992 - Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow in Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T11:14:58","indexId":"wri914194","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4194","title":"Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow in Michigan","docAbstract":"Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow were analyzed for 25 pairs of streamflow-gaging stations in Michigan. Stations were paired by randomly choosing a station operated in 1989 at which 10 or more years of continuous flow data had been collected and at which flow is virtually unregulated; a nearby station was chosen where flow characteristics are similar. Streamflow data from the 25 randomly selected stations were used as the response variables; streamflow data at the nearby stations were used to generate a set of explanatory variables.
Ordinary-least squares regression (OLSR) equations, autoregressive integrated moving-average (ARIMA) equations, and transfer function-noise (TFN) equations were developed to estimate the log transform of flow for the 25 randomly selected stations. The precision of each type of equation was evaluated on the basis of the standard deviation of the estimation errors. OLSR equations produce one set of estimation errors; ARIMA and TFN models each produce l sets of estimation errors corresponding to the forecast lead. The lead-l forecast is the estimate of flow l days ahead of the most recent streamflow used as a response variable in the estimation. In this analysis, the standard deviation of lead l ARIMA and TFN forecast errors were generally lower than the standard deviation of OLSR errors for l < 2 days and l < 9 days, respectively.
Composite estimates were computed as a weighted average of forecasts based on TFN equations and backcasts (forecasts of the reverse-ordered series) based on ARIMA equations. The standard deviation of composite errors varied throughout the length of the estimation interval and generally was at maximum near the center of the interval. For comparison with OLSR errors, the mean standard deviation of composite errors were computed for intervals of length 1 to 40 days. The mean standard deviation of length-l composite errors were generally less than the standard deviation of the OLSR errors for l < 32 days. In addition, the composite estimates ensure a gradual transition between periods of estimated and measured flows.
Model performance among stations of differing model error magnitudes were compared by computing ratios of the mean standard deviation of the length l composite errors to the standard deviation of OLSR errors. The mean error ratio for the set of 25 selected stations was less than 1 for intervals l < 32 days. Considering the frequency characteristics of the length of intervals of estimated record in Michigan, the effective mean error ratio for intervals < 30 days was 0.52. Thus, for intervals of estimation of 1 month or less, the error of the composite estimate is substantially lower than error of the OLSR estimate.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lansing, MI","doi":"10.3133/wri914194","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Michigan Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D., and Salehi, H., 1992, Statistical models for estimating daily streamflow in Michigan: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4194, iv, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914194.","productDescription":"iv, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":157640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4194/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56586,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4194/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Salehi, Habib","contributorId":81942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Salehi","given":"Habib","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":17972,"text":"ofr92553 - 1992 - Interactive inversion of dipole loop-loop electromagnetic data for layered earth models using numerical integration and complex image theory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:23","indexId":"ofr92553","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-553","title":"Interactive inversion of dipole loop-loop electromagnetic data for layered earth models using numerical integration and complex image theory","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr92553","usgsCitation":"Anderson, W.L., 1992, Interactive inversion of dipole loop-loop electromagnetic data for layered earth models using numerical integration and complex image theory (Version 1.0.): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-553, 2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in. +1 booklet (42 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92553.","productDescription":"2 computer disks ;3 1/2 in. +1 booklet (42 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151249,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0d9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Walter L.","contributorId":99133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":19928,"text":"ofr9260 - 1992 - Documentation of model input and output data for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr9260","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-60","title":"Documentation of model input and output data for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nCopies of this report can be purchased from U.S. Geological Survey Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9260","usgsCitation":"Mack, T.J., and Harte, P.T., 1992, Documentation of model input and output data for the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-60, 3 computer disks ;5 1/4 in. +1 booklet (iii, 7 p. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9260.","productDescription":"3 computer disks ;5 1/4 in. +1 booklet (iii, 7 p. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0060/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49436,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0060/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db6361a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918 tjmack@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":1677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"tjmack@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harte, Philip T. 0000-0002-7718-1204 ptharte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":1008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"Philip","email":"ptharte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":181749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27564,"text":"wri914177 - 1992 - Geohydrology of, and simulation of ground-water flow in, the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri914177","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4177","title":"Geohydrology of, and simulation of ground-water flow in, the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire","docAbstract":"Hydrogeologic data collected since 1990 were assessed and a ground-water-flow model was refined in this study of the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer in Milford, New Hampshire. The hydrogeologic data collected were used to refine estimates of hydraulic conductivity and saturated thickness of the aquifer, which were previously calculated during 1988-90. In October 1990, water levels were measured at 124 wells and piezometers, and at 45 stream-seepage sites on the main stem of the Souhegan River, and on small tributary streams overlying the aquifer to improve an understanding of ground-water-flow patterns and stream-seepage gains and losses. Refinement of the ground-water-flow model included a reduction in the number of active cells in layer 2 in the central part of the aquifer, a revision of simulated hydraulic conductivity in model layers 2 and representing the aquifer, incorporation of a new block-centered finite-difference ground-water-flow model, and incorporation of a new solution algorithm and solver (a preconditioned conjugate-gradient algorithm). Refinements to the model resulted in decreases in the difference between calculated and measured heads at 22 wells. The distribution of gains and losses of stream seepage calculated in simulation with the refined model is similar to that calculated in the previous model simulation. The contributing area to the Savage well, under average pumping conditions, decreased by 0.021 square miles from the area calculated in the previous model simulation. The small difference in the contrib- uting recharge area indicates that the additional data did not enhance model simulation and that the conceptual framework for the previous model is accurate.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914177","usgsCitation":"Harte, P., and Mack, T.J., 1992, Geohydrology of, and simulation of ground-water flow in, the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4177, 1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 104 p.], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914177.","productDescription":"1 v. (various pagings) :ill., maps ;28 cm. [PGS - 104 p.]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4177/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56425,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4177/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harte, P. T. 0000-0002-7718-1204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7718-1204","contributorId":36143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harte","given":"P. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mack, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0496-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0496-3918","contributorId":39814,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":20836,"text":"ofr90385 - 1992 - Sedimentology, behavior, and hazards of debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":20836,"text":"ofr90385 - 1992 - Sedimentology, behavior, and hazards of debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington","indexId":"ofr90385","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Sedimentology, behavior, and hazards of debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38211,"text":"pp1547 - 1995 - Sedimentology, Behavior, and Hazards of Debris Flows at Mount Rainier, Washington","indexId":"pp1547","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Sedimentology, Behavior, and Hazards of Debris Flows at Mount Rainier, Washington"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":38211,"text":"pp1547 - 1995 - Sedimentology, Behavior, and Hazards of Debris Flows at Mount Rainier, Washington","indexId":"pp1547","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"title":"Sedimentology, Behavior, and Hazards of Debris Flows at Mount Rainier, Washington"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-03T16:49:27.70067","indexId":"ofr90385","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-385","title":"Sedimentology, behavior, and hazards of debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington","docAbstract":"Mount Rainier is potentially the most dangerous volcano in the Cascade Range because of its great height, frequent earthquakes, active hydrothermal system, and extensive glacier mantle. Many debris flows and their distal phases have inundated areas far from the volcano during postglacial time. Two types of debris flows, cohesive and noncohesive, have radically different behavior that relates empirically to clay content. The two types represent the observable end members of a continuum of debris flow characteristics at Mount Rainier. Cohesive flows exhibit behavior affected by the cohesion and adhesion of particles; noncohesive flows are dominated by particle collisions to the extent of extensive particle cataclasis during near-boundary shear.
Cohesive debris flows contain more than 3 to 5 percent of clay-size sediment. The composition of these flows changed little during flow for more than 100 kilometers from Mount Rainier where they inundate parts of the now-populated Puget Sound Lowland. They originate as deep-seated failures of sectors of the volcanic edifice at a frequency indicating that such failures are the major destructional process of its morphologic evolution. In several deposits of large cohesive flows, a lateral, megaclast-bearing facies (with a mounded or hummocky surface) contrasts with a more clay-rich facies in the center of valleys and downstream. Cohesive flows at Mount Rainier do not correlate strongly with volcanic activity and thus can recur without warning, possibly triggered by nonmagmatic seismicity or by destabilization associated with the hydrothermal system.
Noncohesive debris flows contain less than 3 to 5 percent of clay-size sediment. They form most commonly by hulking of sediment in water surges, but some originate directly or indirectly from shallow slope failures that do not penetrate the hydrothermally altered core of the volcano. In contrast with cohesive flows, most noncohesive flows transform both from and to other flow types, so that the debris flows are the middle segments of flow waves beginning and ending as flood surges. Proximally, through the bulking of poorly sorted, volcaniclastic debris on the flanks of the volcano, flow waves expand rapidly in volume by transforming from water surges through hyperconcentrated streamflow (20 to 60 percent sediment by volume) to debris flow. Distally, the transformations occur more slowly in reverse order--from debris flow, to hyperconcentrated flow, and finally to normal streamflow with less than 20 percent sediment by volume. During runout of the largest noncohesive flows, hyperconcentrated flow has occurred for as much as 40 to 70 kilometers.
Lahars (volcanic debris flows and their deposits) occurred at Mount Rainier throughout later postglacial time and not as groups of closely time-related flows during discrete eruptive periods as at Mount St. Helens. An exception is a period of large noncohesive flows during and after construction of the modern summit cone. Laharrunout flows, the hyperconcentrated flows forming the distal phases of lahars, document the frequency and extent of noncohesive lahars. Deposits record the following transformations of debris flows: (1) the direct, progressive dilution of debris flow to hyperconcentrated flow, (2) deposition of successively finer grained lobes of debris until only the hyperconcentrated tail of the flow remains to continue downstream, and (3) dewatering of coarse debris flow deposits to yield fine-grained debris flow or hyperconcentrated flow.
Three planning or design case histories represent different lengths of postglacial time. Case I is representative of large, infrequent (500 to 1,000 years on average) cohesive debris flows. These flows need to be considered in long-term planning in valleys around the volcano. Case II generalizes the noncohesive debris flows of intermediate size and recurrence (100 to 500 years). This case is appropriate for consideration in some structural design. Case III flows are relatively small but more frequent (less than 100 years on average).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr90385","usgsCitation":"Scott, K.M., Pringle, P.T., and Vallance, J., 1992, Sedimentology, behavior, and hazards of debris flows at Mount Rainier, Washington (superseded by Professional Paper 1547): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-385, Report: ix, 106 p.; 1 Plate: 36.34 x 29.94 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90385.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 106 p.; 1 Plate: 36.34 x 29.94 inches","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":429460,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0385/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":429458,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0385/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152072,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0385/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.99302819697232,\n 47.06733897287532\n ],\n [\n -121.99302819697232,\n 46.63284868856812\n ],\n [\n -121.37672954397217,\n 46.63284868856812\n ],\n [\n -121.37672954397217,\n 47.06733897287532\n ],\n [\n -121.99302819697232,\n 47.06733897287532\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"superseded by Professional Paper 1547","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fbad6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Kevin M.","contributorId":88331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":183336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, Patrick T.","contributorId":105744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pringle","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vallance, J.W.","contributorId":45336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vallance","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":183335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}