{"pageNumber":"1378","pageRowStart":"34425","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165453,"records":[{"id":70046070,"text":"70046070 - 2013 - Interactions among hydrogeomorphology, vegetation, and nutrient biogeochemistry in floodplain ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-23T15:20:30","indexId":"70046070","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Interactions among hydrogeomorphology, vegetation, and nutrient biogeochemistry in floodplain ecosystems","docAbstract":"

Hydrogeomorphic, vegetative, and biogeochemical processes interact in floodplains resulting in great complexity that provides opportunities to better understand linkages among physical and biological processes in ecosystems. Floodplains and their associated river systems are structured by four dimensional gradients of hydrogeomorphology: longitudinal, lateral, vertical, and temporal components. These four dimensions create dynamic hydrologic and geomorphologic mosaics that have a large imprint on the vegetation and nutrient biogeochemistry of floodplains. Plant physiology, population dynamics, community structure, and productivity are all very responsive to floodplain hydrogeomorphology. The strength of this relationship between vegetation and hydrogeomorphology is evident in the use of vegetation as an indicator of hydrogeomorphic processes. However, vegetation also influences hydrogeomorphology by modifying hydraulics and sediment entrainment and deposition that typically stabilize geomorphic patterns. Nitrogen and phosphorus biogeochemistry commonly influence plant productivity and community composition, although productivity is not limited by nutrient availability in all floodplains. Conversely, vegetation influences nutrient biogeochemistry through direct uptake and storage as well as production of organic matter that regulates microbial biogeochemical processes. The biogeochemistries of nitrogen and phosphorus cycling are very sensitive to spatial and temporal variation in hydrogeomorphology, in particular floodplain wetness and sedimentation. The least studied interaction is the direct effect of biogeochemistry on hydrogeomorphology, but the control of nutrient availability over organic matter decomposition and thus soil permeability and elevation is likely important. Biogeochemistry also has the more documented but indirect control of hydrogeomorphology through regulation of plant biomass. In summary, the defining characteristics of floodplain ecosystems are determined by the many interactions among physical and biological processes. Conservation and restoration of the valuable ecosystem services that floodplains provide depends on improved understanding and predictive models of interactive system controls and behavior.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecogeomorphology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00338-9","usgsCitation":"Noe, G.B., 2013, Interactions among hydrogeomorphology, vegetation, and nutrient biogeochemistry in floodplain ecosystems, chap. of Ecogeomorphology, v. 12, p. 307-321, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374739-6.00338-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"321","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-026520","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":324307,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","volume":"12","edition":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576d0832e4b07657d1a3756d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Noe, G. B.","contributorId":146903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70150445,"text":"70150445 - 2013 - Effects of dietary exposure to brominated flame retardant BDE-47 on thyroid condition, gonadal development and growth of zebrafish","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-15T11:28:34","indexId":"70150445","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1651,"text":"Fish Physiology and Biochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of dietary exposure to brominated flame retardant BDE-47 on thyroid condition, gonadal development and growth of zebrafish","docAbstract":"

Little is known about the effects of brominated flame retardants in teleosts and some of the information currently available is inconsistent. This study examined effects of dietary exposure to 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on thyroid condition, body mass and size, and gonadal development of zebrafish. Pubertal, 49-day-old (posthatch) fish were fed diets without BDE-47 (control) or with 1, 5 or 25 μg/g BDE-47/diet. Treatments were conducted in triplicate 30-L tanks each containing 50 zebrafish, and 15 fish per treatment (5 per tank) were sampled at days 40, 80 and 120 of exposure. Measurements were taken of body mass, standard length, head depth and head length. Sex (at 40–120 days of exposure), germ cell stage (at 40 days) and thyroid condition (at 120 days; follicular cell height, colloid depletion, angiogenesis) were histologically determined. Whole-body BDE-47 levels at study completion were within the high end of levels reported in environmentally exposed (wild) fishes. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences among treatments at each sampling time. No effects were observed on thyroid condition or germ cell stage in either sex. Reduced head length was observed in females exposed to BDE-47 at 80 days but not at 40 or 120 days. In males, no apparent effects of BDE-47 were observed at 40 and 80 days, but fish exposed to 25 μg/g had lower body mass at 120 days compared to control fish. These observations suggest that BDE-47 at environmentally relevant whole-body concentrations does not affect thyroid condition or pubertal development of zebrafish but does affect growth during the juvenile-to-adult transition, especially in males.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10695-012-9768-0","usgsCitation":"Torres, L., Orazio, C.E., Peterman, P.H., and Patino, R., 2013, Effects of dietary exposure to brominated flame retardant BDE-47 on thyroid condition, gonadal development and growth of zebrafish: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 39, no. 5, p. 1115-1128, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-012-9768-0.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1115","endPage":"1128","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040931","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"39","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55a78436e4b0183d66e45e86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Torres, Leticia","contributorId":143738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Torres","given":"Leticia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70159836,"text":"70159836 - 2013 - Mapping monkeypox transmission risk through time and space in the Congo Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-01T11:49:37","indexId":"70159836","displayToPublicDate":"2015-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mapping monkeypox transmission risk through time and space in the Congo Basin","docAbstract":"

Monkeypox is a major public health concern in the Congo Basin area, with changing patterns of human case occurrences reported in recent years. Whether this trend results from better surveillance and detection methods, reduced proportions of vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated human populations, or changing environmental conditions remains unclear. Our objective is to examine potential correlations between environment and transmission of monkeypox events in the Congo Basin. We created ecological niche models based on human cases reported in the Congo Basin by the World Health Organization at the end of the smallpox eradication campaign, in relation to remotely-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index datasets from the same time period. These models predicted independent spatial subsets of monkeypox occurrences with high confidence; models were then projected onto parallel environmental datasets for the 2000s to create present-day monkeypox suitability maps. Recent trends in human monkeypox infection are associated with broad environmental changes across the Congo Basin. Our results demonstrate that ecological niche models provide useful tools for identification of areas suitable for transmission, even for poorly-known diseases like monkeypox.

","language":"English","publisher":"PLOS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0074816","usgsCitation":"Nakazawa, Y.J., Lash, R.R., Carroll, D., Damon, I.K., Karem, K.L., Reynolds, M.G., Osorio, J., Rocke, T.E., Malekani, J., Muyembe, J., Formenty, P., and Peterson, A.T., 2013, Mapping monkeypox transmission risk through time and space in the Congo Basin: PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 9, e74816; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074816.","productDescription":"e74816; 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-030117","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473347,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0074816","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311765,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Democratic Republic of Congo","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 16.611328125,\n -5.703447982149503\n ],\n [\n 17.4462890625,\n -8.233237111274553\n ],\n [\n 19.2919921875,\n -8.05922962720018\n ],\n [\n 19.6435546875,\n -7.100892668623642\n ],\n [\n 25.224609375,\n -5.659718554577286\n ],\n [\n 25.3125,\n 5.003394345022162\n ],\n [\n 18.4130859375,\n 3.5572827265412794\n ],\n [\n 17.666015625,\n -0.7470491450051796\n ],\n [\n 16.2158203125,\n -2.2406396093827206\n ],\n [\n 16.611328125,\n -5.703447982149503\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":6,"text":"Columbus PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"565ed2b9e4b071e7ea54442f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nakazawa, Yoshinori J.","contributorId":150106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nakazawa","given":"Yoshinori","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17914,"text":"CDC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lash, R. 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One threat of climate change to wetland biodiversity is that some species may be losing the ability to track an appropriate season for flowering, seed production and growth, impairing their ability to regenerate. Based on genetic constraints, such species may have a limited ability to adjust to changing climates. For biodiversity conservation to be successful in the future, the first order of business is to formulate the goals of such projects regardless of philosophical differences in approaches. If the real goal is to conserve species, then conservation planners may need to put all management options on the table. Despite the uncertainties, with the risk of species losses so imminent, the best strategy may be to throw any dogmatism out the window and use multiple approaches. ","language":"English","publisher":"Environmental Law Institute","usgsCitation":"Middleton, B., 2013, Conservation in an age of climate change: National Wetlands Newsletter, v. 35, no. 3, p. 25-26.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"25","endPage":"26","ipdsId":"IP-043227","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":365246,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"UNITED STATES","volume":"35","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Middleton, Beth 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":206609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":765298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70101982,"text":"70101982 - 2013 - Weakening of ice by magnesium perchlorate hydrate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-16T10:08:35","indexId":"70101982","displayToPublicDate":"2014-11-05T10:00:06","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Weakening of ice by magnesium perchlorate hydrate","docAbstract":"We show that perchlorate hydrates, which have been detected at high circumpolar martian latitudes, have a dramatic effect upon the rheological behavior of polycrystalline water ice under conditions applicable to the North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD). We conducted subsolidus creep tests on mixtures of ice and magnesium perchlorate hydrate, Mg(ClO4)2·6H2O (MP6), of 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.47 volume fraction MP6. We found these mixtures to be increasingly weak with increasing MP6 content. For mixtures with ⩽0.10 volume fraction MP6, we resolved a stress exponent of n ≈ 2 at low stresses transitioning to n ≈ 4 above 10 MPa. Scanning electron microscopy of deformed specimens revealed MP6 to be distributed as an interconnected film between ice grains. These results suggest that grain boundary sliding (GBS) may be enhanced with respect to pure ice. As the enhancement of GBS is expected in polycrystalline aggregates containing a few percent melt or otherwise weak material distributed along grain boundaries, the observed n ≈ 2 is consistent with the mutual accommodation of basal slip and GBS. If ice containing trace concentrations of MP6 is also much weaker than pure ice at low stresses, flow in the NPLD could be significantly enhanced, particularly at the warmer basal temperatures associated with higher martian obliquities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.028","usgsCitation":"Lenferinka, H.J., Durhama, W.B., Sternb, L.A., and Patharec, A.V., 2013, Weakening of ice by magnesium perchlorate hydrate: Icarus, v. 225, no. 2, p. 940-948, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.028.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"940","endPage":"948","ipdsId":"IP-041129","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78478","text":"External Repository"},{"id":286380,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286372,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.028"}],"volume":"225","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"545b3c1be4b009f8aec98d54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lenferinka, Hendrick J.","contributorId":127229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenferinka","given":"Hendrick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":523192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Durhama, William B.","contributorId":127234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durhama","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":523193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sternb, Laura A.","contributorId":127207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sternb","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":523190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patharec, Asmin V.","contributorId":127208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patharec","given":"Asmin","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":523191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70124274,"text":"70124274 - 2013 - County-level analysis of the impact of temperature and population increases on California wildfire data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T12:41:46","indexId":"70124274","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-11T11:58:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1577,"text":"Environmetrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"County-level analysis of the impact of temperature and population increases on California wildfire data","docAbstract":"The extent to which the apparent increase in wildfire incidence and burn area in California from 1990 to 2006 is affected by population and temperature increases is examined. Using generalized linear models with random effects, we focus on the estimated impacts of increases in mean daily temperatures and populations in different counties on wildfire in those counties, after essentially controlling for the overall differences between counties in their overall mean temperatures and populations. We find that temperature increase appears to have a significant positive impact on both total burn area and number of observed wildfires. Population growth appears to have a much less pronounced impact on total burn area than do annual temperature increases, and population growth appears to be negatively correlated with the total number of observed wildfires. 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Casual users can read the quick-start guide and will probably not need any more information than this. For users who may wish to modify the code, we provide further description of the routines.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131285","usgsCitation":"Karl, S.M., McPhee, D., Glen, J.M., and Klemperer, S.L., 2013, ULFEM time series analysis package: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1285, 326 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131285.","productDescription":"326 p.","numberOfPages":"327","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042309","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131285.jpg"},{"id":293577,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1285"},{"id":293586,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1285/pdf/ofr2013-1285.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b6e4b0fe7e184a554b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPhee, Darcy 0000-0002-5177-3068 dmcphee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-3068","contributorId":2621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPhee","given":"Darcy","email":"dmcphee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. G. jglen@usgs.gov","contributorId":1753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M. G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klemperer, Simon L.","contributorId":106929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemperer","given":"Simon","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":487913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70123891,"text":"70123891 - 2013 - Control on groundwater flow in a semiarid folded and faulted intermountain basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-26T09:43:38","indexId":"70123891","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-10T09:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control on groundwater flow in a semiarid folded and faulted intermountain basin","docAbstract":"The major processes controlling groundwater flow in intermountain basins are poorly understood, particularly in basins underlain by folded and faulted bedrock and under regionally realistic hydrogeologic heterogeneity. To explore the role of hydrogeologic heterogeneity and poorly constrained mountain hydrologic conditions on regional groundwater flow in contracted intermountain basins, a series of 3-D numerical groundwater flow models were developed using the South Park basin, Colorado, USA as a proxy. The models were used to identify the relative importance of different recharge processes to major aquifers, to estimate typical groundwater circulation depths, and to explore hydrogeologic communication between mountain and valley hydrogeologic landscapes. Modeling results show that mountain landscapes develop topographically controlled and predominantly local-scale to intermediate-scale flow systems. Permeability heterogeneity of the fold and fault belt and decreased topographic roughness led to permeability controlled flow systems in the valley. The structural position of major aquifers in the valley fold and fault belt was found to control the relative importance of different recharge mechanisms. Alternative mountain recharge model scenarios showed that higher mountain recharge rates led to higher mountain water table elevations and increasingly prominent local flow systems, primarily resulting in increased seepage within the mountain landscape and nonlinear increases in mountain block recharge to the valley. Valley aquifers were found to be relatively insensitive to changing mountain water tables, particularly in structurally isolated aquifers inside the fold and fault belt.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014451","usgsCitation":"Ball, L.B., Caine, J.S., and Ge, S., 2013, Control on groundwater flow in a semiarid folded and faulted intermountain basin: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 8, p. 6788-6809, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014451.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"6788","endPage":"6809","ipdsId":"IP-049504","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014451","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293573,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013WR014451/pdf"},{"id":293583,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293572,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014451"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"South Park Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.0108,38.7556 ], [ -106.0108,39.3886 ], [ -105.4682,39.3886 ], [ -105.4682,38.7556 ], [ -106.0108,38.7556 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541157b2e4b0fe7e184a5535","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ge, Shemin","contributorId":37366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ge","given":"Shemin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70125303,"text":"70125303 - 2013 - Notable decomposition products of senescing Lake Michigan Cladophora glomerata","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T10:44:05","indexId":"70125303","displayToPublicDate":"2014-09-01T10:42:04","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Notable decomposition products of senescing Lake Michigan Cladophora glomerata","docAbstract":"Massive accumulations of Cladophora, a ubiquitous, filamentous green alga, have been increasingly reported along Great Lakes shorelines, negatively affecting beach aesthetics, recreational activities, public health and beachfront property values. Previously, the decomposition byproducts of decaying algae have not been thoroughly examined. To better understand the negative consequences and potential merit of the stranded Cladophora, a three month mesocosm study of the dynamic chemical environment of the alga was conducted using fresh samples collected from southern Lake Michigan beaches. Typical fermentation products, such as organic acids, sulfide compounds, and alcohols were detected in the oxygen–deprived algae. Short chain carboxylic acids peaked on day seven, in correspondence with the lowest pH value. Most low molecular mass carbon compounds were eventually consumed, but 4-methylphenol, indole, and 3-methylindole were detected throughout the incubation period. Natural oils were detected in fresh and decomposing algae, indicating the stable nature of these compounds. The mesocosm experiment was validated by directly sampling the fluid within decomposing Cladophora mats in the field; many of the same compounds were found. This study suggests that the problematic Cladophora accumulations may be harvested for useful byproducts, thereby reducing the odiferous and potentially harmful mats stranded along the shorelines.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"International Association for Great Lakes Research","publisherLocation":"Toronto","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2014.04.012","usgsCitation":"Peller, J.R., Byappanahalli, M., Shively, D.A., Sadowsky, M.J., Chun, C.L., and Whitman, R.L., 2013, Notable decomposition products of senescing Lake Michigan Cladophora glomerata: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 40, no. 3, p. 800-806, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.04.012.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"800","endPage":"806","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-049153","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293877,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2014.04.012"},{"id":293878,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iaglr.org/journal/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0434,41.6089 ], [ -88.0434,46.1024 ], [ -84.7385,46.1024 ], [ -84.7385,41.6089 ], [ -88.0434,41.6089 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195149e4b091c7ffc8e79e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peller, Julie R.","contributorId":48889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peller","given":"Julie","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":12645,"text":"Indiana University - Northwest","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Byappanahalli, Muruleedhara N.","contributorId":47335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byappanahalli","given":"Muruleedhara N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shively, Dawn A. dshively@usgs.gov","contributorId":2051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shively","given":"Dawn","email":"dshively@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sadowsky, Michael J.","contributorId":34003,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sadowsky","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chun, Chan Lan","contributorId":43251,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chun","given":"Chan","email":"","middleInitial":"Lan","affiliations":[{"id":12644,"text":"University of Minnesota, St. Paul","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":501195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Whitman, Richard L. rwhitman@usgs.gov","contributorId":542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitman","given":"Richard","email":"rwhitman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70116460,"text":"70116460 - 2013 - Geomorphic characterization of four shelf-sourced submarine canyons along the U.S. Mid-Atlantic continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:19:35","indexId":"70116460","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-01T16:03:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1371,"text":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic characterization of four shelf-sourced submarine canyons along the U.S. Mid-Atlantic continental margin","docAbstract":"Shelf-sourced submarine canyons are common features of continental margins and are fundamental to deep-sea sedimentary systems. Despite their geomorphic and geologic significance, relatively few passive margin shelf-breaching canyons worldwide have been mapped using modern geophysical methods. Between 2007 and 2012 a series of geophysical surveys was conducted across four major canyons of the US Mid-Atlantic margin: Wilmington, Baltimore, Washington, and Norfolk canyons. More than 5700 km2 of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and 890 line-km of sub-bottom CHIRP profiles were collected along the outer shelf and uppermost slope (depths of 80-1200 m). The data allowed us to compare and contrast the fine-scale morphology of each canyon system. The canyons have marked differences in the morphology and orientation of canyon heads, steepness and density of sidewall gullies, and the character of the continental shelf surrounding canyon rims. Down-canyon axial profiles for Washington, Baltimore and Wilmington canyons have linear shapes, and each canyon thalweg exhibits morphological evidence for recent, relatively small-scale sediment transport. For example, Washington Canyon displays extremely steep wall gradients and contains ~100 m wide, 5–10 m deep, v-shaped incisions down the canyon axis, suggesting modern or recent sediment transport. In contrast, the convex axial thalweg profile, the absence of thalweg incision, and evidence for sediment infilling at the canyon head, suggest that depositional processes strongly influence Norfolk Canyon during the current sea-level high-stand. The north walls of Wilmington, Washington and Norfolk canyons are steeper than the south walls due to differential erosion, though the underlying cause for this asymmetry is not clear. Furthermore, we speculate that most of the geomorphic features observed within the canyons (e.g., terraces, tributary canyons, gullies, and hanging valleys) were formed during the Pleistocene, and show only subtle modification by Holocene processes active during the present sea-level high-stand.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.09.013","usgsCitation":"Obelcz, J., Brothers, D., Chaytor, J., ten Brink, U., Ross, S., and Brooke, S., 2013, Geomorphic characterization of four shelf-sourced submarine canyons along the U.S. Mid-Atlantic continental margin: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 104, p. 106-119, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.09.013.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-051303","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289822,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.09.013"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Cape Hatteras;Georges Bank;Hudson Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.0,37.0 ], [ -75.0,38.0 ], [ -72.0,38.0 ], [ -72.0,37.0 ], [ -75.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"104","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c0ebe7e4b065ccca5fe38f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Obelcz, Jeffrey jobelcz@usgs.gov","contributorId":5430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Obelcz","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jobelcz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brothers, Daniel S. dbrothers@usgs.gov","contributorId":3782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"Daniel S.","email":"dbrothers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chaytor, Jason D. jchaytor@usgs.gov","contributorId":4961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"Jason D.","email":"jchaytor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ross, Steve W.","contributorId":41134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ross","given":"Steve W.","affiliations":[{"id":32398,"text":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooke, Sandra","contributorId":101570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooke","given":"Sandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70128155,"text":"70128155 - 2013 - Comparison of elevation and remote sensing derived products as auxiliary data for climate surface interpolation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T08:56:56","indexId":"70128155","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-01T08:55:53","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2032,"text":"International Journal of Climatology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of elevation and remote sensing derived products as auxiliary data for climate surface interpolation","docAbstract":"Climate models may be limited in their inferential use if they cannot be locally validated or do not account for spatial uncertainty. Much of the focus has gone into determining which interpolation method is best suited for creating gridded climate surfaces, which often a covariate such as elevation (Digital Elevation Model, DEM) is used to improve the interpolation accuracy. One key area where little research has addressed is in determining which covariate best improves the accuracy in the interpolation. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation was carried out in determining which covariates were most suitable for interpolating climatic variables (e.g. precipitation, mean temperature, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature). We compiled data for each climate variable from 1950 to 1999 from approximately 500 weather stations across the Western United States (32° to 49° latitude and −124.7° to −112.9° longitude). In addition, we examined the uncertainty of the interpolated climate surface. Specifically, Thin Plate Spline (TPS) was used as the interpolation method since it is one of the most popular interpolation techniques to generate climate surfaces. We considered several covariates, including DEM, slope, distance to coast (Euclidean distance), aspect, solar potential, radar, and two Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) products derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). A tenfold cross-validation was applied to determine the uncertainty of the interpolation based on each covariate. In general, the leading covariate for precipitation was radar, while DEM was the leading covariate for maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures. A comparison to other products such as PRISM and WorldClim showed strong agreement across large geographic areas but climate surfaces generated in this study (ClimSurf) had greater variability at high elevation regions, such as in the Sierra Nevada Mountains.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Climatology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Royal Meteorological Society","publisherLocation":"Chichester","doi":"10.1002/joc.3835","usgsCitation":"Alvarez, O., Guo, Q., Klinger, R.C., Li, W., and Doherty, P., 2013, Comparison of elevation and remote sensing derived products as auxiliary data for climate surface interpolation: International Journal of Climatology, v. 34, no. 7, p. 2258-2268, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.3835.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2258","endPage":"2268","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-050933","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294953,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.3835"}],"volume":"34","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500a1e4b0a4f4b46a237e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alvarez, Otto","contributorId":86284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alvarez","given":"Otto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guo, Qinghua","contributorId":32855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Qinghua","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klinger, Robert C. 0000-0003-3193-3199 rcklinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3193-3199","contributorId":5395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"Robert","email":"rcklinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Li, Wenkai","contributorId":108044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Wenkai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doherty, Paul","contributorId":38494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doherty","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70116725,"text":"70116725 - 2013 - Modeling erosion of ice-rich permafrost bluffs along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-16T09:23:42","indexId":"70116725","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-28T09:20:05","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling erosion of ice-rich permafrost bluffs along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast","docAbstract":"The Arctic climate is changing, inducing accelerating retreat of ice-rich permafrost coastal\nbluffs. Along Alaska’s Beaufort Sea coast, erosion rates have increased roughly threefold from 6.8 to\n19 m yr−1 since 1955 while the sea ice-free season has increased roughly twofold from 45 to 100 days since\n1979. We develop a numerical model of bluff retreat to assess the relative roles of the length of sea ice-free\nseason, sea level, water temperature, nearshore wavefield, and permafrost temperature in controlling\nerosion rates in this setting. The model captures the processes of erosion observed in short-term\nmonitoring experiments along the Beaufort Sea coast, including evolution of melt notches, topple of ice\nwedge-bounded blocks, and degradation of these blocks. Model results agree with time-lapse imagery\nof bluff evolution and time series of ocean-based instrumentation. Erosion is highly episodic with 40% of\nerosion is accomplished during less than 5% of the sea ice-free season. Among the formulations of the\nsubmarine erosion rate we assessed, we advocate those that employ both water temperature and nearshore\nwavefield. As high water levels are a prerequisite for erosion, any future changes that increase the frequency\nwith which water levels exceed the base of the bluffs will increase rates of coastal erosion. The certain\nincreases in sea level and potential changes in storminess will both contribute to this effect. As water\ntemperature also influences erosion rates, any further expansion of the sea ice-free season into the\nmidsummer period of greatest insolation is likely to result in an additional increase in coastal retreat rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013JF002845","usgsCitation":"Barnhart, K.R., Anderson, R., Overeem, I., Wobus, C., Clow, G.D., and Urban, F., 2013, Modeling erosion of ice-rich permafrost bluffs along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 119, no. 5, p. 1155-1179, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002845.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1155","endPage":"1179","numberOfPages":"25","ipdsId":"IP-052403","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473351,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jf002845","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290194,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002845"},{"id":290242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea Coast","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -156.11,68.68 ], [ -156.11,74.68 ], [ -105.1,74.68 ], [ -105.1,68.68 ], [ -156.11,68.68 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"119","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53c79f05e4b0194841642477","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnhart, Katherine R.","contributorId":42142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Robert S.","contributorId":102396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Robert S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Overeem, Irina","contributorId":29320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Overeem","given":"Irina","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wobus, Cameron","contributorId":26978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wobus","given":"Cameron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Urban, Frank E. 0000-0002-1329-1703","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-1703","contributorId":80918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Urban","given":"Frank E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70095241,"text":"70095241 - 2013 - Desert shrub responses to experimental modification of precipitation seasonality and soil depth: relationship to the two-layer model and ecohydrological niche","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T13:50:25","indexId":"70095241","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-14T13:46:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desert shrub responses to experimental modification of precipitation seasonality and soil depth: relationship to the two-layer model and ecohydrological niche","docAbstract":"

1. Ecohydrological niches are important for understanding plant community responses to climate shifts, particularly in dry lands. According to the two-layer hypothesis, selective use of deep-soil water increases growth or persistence of woody species during warm and dry summer periods and thereby contributes to their coexistence with shallow-rooted herbs in dry ecosystems. The resource-pool hypothesis further suggests that shallow-soil water benefits growth of all plants while deep-soil water primarily enhances physiological maintenance and survival of woody species. Few studies have directly tested these by manipulating deep-soil water availability and observing the long-term outcomes.

\n
\n

2. We predicted that factors promoting infiltration and storage of water in deep soils, specifically greater winter precipitation and soil depth, would enhance Artemisia tridentata (big sagebrush) in cold, winter-wet/summer-dry desert. Sagebrush responses to 20 years of winter irrigation were compared to summer- or no irrigation, on plots having relatively deep or shallow soils (2 m vs. 1 m depths).

\n
\n

3. Winter irrigation increased sagebrush cover, and crown and canopy volumes, but not density (individuals/plot) compared to summer or no irrigation, on deep-soil plots. On shallow-soil plots, winter irrigation surprisingly decreased shrub cover and size, and summer irrigation had no effect. Furthermore, multiple regression suggested that the variations in growth were related (i) firstly to water in shallow soils (0-0.2 m) and secondly to deeper soils (> 1 m deep) and (ii) more by springtime than by midsummer soil water. Water-use efficiency increased considerably on shallow soils without irrigation and was lowest with winter irrigation.

\n
\n

4. Synthesis. Sagebrush was more responsive to the seasonal timing of precipitation than to total annual precipitation. Factors that enhanced deep-water storage (deeper soils plus more winter precipitation) led to increases in Artemisia tridentata that were consistent with the two-layer hypothesis, and the contribution of shallow water to growth on these plots was consistent with the resource-pool hypothesis. However, shallow-soil water also had negative effects on sagebrush, suggesting an ecohydrological trade-off not considered in these or related theories. The interaction between precipitation timing and soil depth indicates that increased winter precipitation could lead to a mosaic of increases and decreases in A. tridentata across landscapes having variable soil depth.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2745.12266","usgsCitation":"Germino, M., and Reinhardt, K., 2013, Desert shrub responses to experimental modification of precipitation seasonality and soil depth: relationship to the two-layer model and ecohydrological niche: Journal of Ecology, v. 102, no. 4, p. 989-997, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12266.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"997","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-052846","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12266","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288083,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288081,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12266"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Snake River Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.8726,42.4829 ], [ -116.8726,44.3356 ], [ -111.3496,44.3356 ], [ -111.3496,42.4829 ], [ -116.8726,42.4829 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"102","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53903feae4b04eea98bf8509","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Germino, Matthew J.","contributorId":50029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Germino","given":"Matthew J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reinhardt, Keith","contributorId":11949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reinhardt","given":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70058631,"text":"70058631 - 2013 - Monitoring gray wolf populations using multiple survey methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-06T15:55:20","indexId":"70058631","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-06T15:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring gray wolf populations using multiple survey methods","docAbstract":"The behavioral patterns and large territories of large carnivores make them challenging to monitor. Occupancy modeling provides a framework for monitoring population dynamics and distribution of territorial carnivores. We combined data from hunter surveys, howling and sign surveys conducted at predicted wolf rendezvous sites, and locations of radiocollared wolves to model occupancy and estimate the number of gray wolf (Canis lupus) packs and individuals in Idaho during 2009 and 2010. We explicitly accounted for potential misidentification of occupied cells (i.e., false positives) using an extension of the multi-state occupancy framework. We found agreement between model predictions and distribution and estimates of number of wolf packs and individual wolves reported by Idaho Department of Fish and Game and Nez Perce Tribe from intensive radiotelemetry-based monitoring. Estimates of individual wolves from occupancy models that excluded data from radiocollared wolves were within an average of 12.0% (SD = 6.0) of existing statewide minimum counts. Models using only hunter survey data generally estimated the lowest abundance, whereas models using all data generally provided the highest estimates of abundance, although only marginally higher. Precision across approaches ranged from 14% to 28% of mean estimates and models that used all data streams generally provided the most precise estimates. We demonstrated that an occupancy model based on different survey methods can yield estimates of the number and distribution of wolf packs and individual wolf abundance with reasonable measures of precision. Assumptions of the approach including that average territory size is known, average pack size is known, and territories do not overlap, must be evaluated periodically using independent field data to ensure occupancy estimates remain reliable. Use of multiple survey methods helps to ensure that occupancy estimates are robust to weaknesses or changes in any 1 survey method. Occupancy modeling may be useful for standardizing estimates across large landscapes, even if survey methods differ across regions, allowing for inferences about broad-scale population dynamics of wolves.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.654","usgsCitation":"Ausband, D., Rich, L.N., Glenn, E., Mitchell, M.S., Zager, P., Miller, D.A., Waits, L.P., Ackerman, B.B., and Mack, C.M., 2013, Monitoring gray wolf populations using multiple survey methods: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 2, p. 335-346, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.654.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"346","ipdsId":"IP-048939","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286940,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.654"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.24,41.99 ], [ -117.24,49.00 ], [ -111.04,49.00 ], [ -111.04,41.99 ], [ -117.24,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5369f651e4b063fb73c0a9e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ausband, David E.","contributorId":51441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausband","given":"David E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rich, Lindsey N.","contributorId":42119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Glenn, Elizabeth M.","contributorId":96568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glenn","given":"Elizabeth M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zager, Pete","contributorId":90645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zager","given":"Pete","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, David A.W. davidmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"davidmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Waits, Lisette P.","contributorId":87673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ackerman, Bruce B.","contributorId":6526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mack, Curt M.","contributorId":58948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mack","given":"Curt","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70150315,"text":"70150315 - 2013 - Effects of predators on fish and crayfish survival in intermittent streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T13:52:15","indexId":"70150315","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T12:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of predators on fish and crayfish survival in intermittent streams","docAbstract":"

Predation from aquatic and terrestrial predators arc important factors structuring the size and depth distribution of aquatic prey. We conducted mesocosm and tethering experiments on Little Mulberry Creek in northwest Arkansas during low flows to examine the effects of predators on fish and crayfish survival in intermittent streams Using shallow artificial pools (10 cm deep) and predator exclusions, we tested the hypothesis that large-bodied fish are at greater risk from terrestrial predators in shallow habitats compared to small-bodied individuals. Twenty-four circular pools (12 open top. 12 closed top) were stocked with two size classes of Campostoma anomalum (Central Stonerller) and deployed systematically in a single stream pool. In addition, we used a crayfish tethering experiment to test the hypothesis that the survival of small and large crayfish is greater in shallow and deep habitats, respectively. We tethered two size classes of Orconectes meeki meeki (Meek's Crayfish) along shallow and deep transects in two adjacent stream pools and measured survival for 15 days. During both experiments, we monitored the presence or absence of predators by visual observation and from scat surveys. We demonstrated a negative effect of terrestrial predators on Central Stonerller survival in the artificial pools, and larger individuals were more susceptible to predation. In contrast, small crayfish experienced low survival at all depths and large crayfish were preyed upon much less intensively during the tethering study, particularly in the pool with larger substrate. More studies are needed to understand how stream drying and environmental heterogeneity influence the complex interactions between predator and prey populations in intermittent streams.

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The map is the result of a detailed compilation and synthesis at 5 million scale and is part of a major international collaborative study of the mineral resources, metallogenesis, and tectonics of northeast Asia conducted from 1997 through 2002 by geologists from earth science agencies and universities in Russia, Mongolia, northeastern China, South Korea, Japan, and the USA.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3024","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with Russian Academy of Sciences, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Jilin University, Korean Institute of Geoscience and Minerals, Geological Survey of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","usgsCitation":"Parfenov, L., Khanchuk, A.I., Badarch, G., Miller, R.J., Naumova, V., Nokleberg, W.J., Ogasawara, M., Prokopiev, A.V., and Yan, H., 2013, Geodynamics map of northeast Asia: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 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The management and effective use of spatial data becomes significantly more complex when the efforts involve a myriad of landscape-scale projects combined with a multiorganizational collaboration. There is sparse literature to guide users on this daunting subject; therefore, we present a framework of considerations for working with geospatial data that will provide direction to data stewards, scientists, collaborators, and managers for developing geospatial management plans. The concepts we present apply to a variety of geospatial programs or projects, which we describe as a “scalable framework” of processes for integrating geospatial efforts with management, science, and conservation initiatives. Our framework includes five tenets of geospatial data management: (1) the importance of investing in data management and standardization, (2) the scalability of content/efforts addressed in geospatial management plans, (3) the lifecycle of a geospatial effort, (4) a framework for the integration of geographic information systems (GIS) in a landscape-scale conservation or management program, and (5) the major geospatial considerations prior to data acquisition. We conclude with a discussion of future considerations and challenges.","language":"English","publisher":"Haworth Information Press","publisherLocation":"Binghamton, NY","doi":"10.1080/15420353.2014.885925","usgsCitation":"O'Donnell, M., Assal, T.J., Anderson, P.J., and Bowen, Z.H., 2013, Geospatial considerations for a multiorganizational, landscape-scale program: Journal of Map & Geography Libraries, v. 10, no. 1, p. 62-99, https://doi.org/10.1080/15420353.2014.885925.","productDescription":"38 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"99","numberOfPages":"38","ipdsId":"IP-052052","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15420353.2014.885925","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":295532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295497,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15420353.2014.885925"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"544775afe4b0f888a81b831d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O'Donnell, Michael S.","contributorId":40667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O'Donnell","given":"Michael S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Assal, Timothy J. 0000-0001-6342-2954 assalt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6342-2954","contributorId":2203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Assal","given":"Timothy","email":"assalt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Patrick J. 0000-0003-2281-389X andersonpj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-389X","contributorId":3590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Patrick","email":"andersonpj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bowen, Zachary H. 0000-0002-8656-1831 bowenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8656-1831","contributorId":821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Zachary","email":"bowenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":503590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70057872,"text":"sir20135107 - 2013 - Arsenic in New Jersey Coastal Plain streams, sediments, and shallow groundwater: effects from different geologic sources and anthropogenic inputs on biogeochemical and physical mobilization processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:57:13","indexId":"sir20135107","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-18T13:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5107","title":"Arsenic in New Jersey Coastal Plain streams, sediments, and shallow groundwater: effects from different geologic sources and anthropogenic inputs on biogeochemical and physical mobilization processes","docAbstract":"

Arsenic (As) concentrations in New Jersey Coastal Plain streams generally exceed the State Surface Water Quality Standard (0.017 micrograms per liter (µg/L)), but concentrations seldom exceed 1 µg/L in filtered stream-water samples, regardless of geologic contributions or anthropogenic inputs. Nevertheless, As concentrations in unfiltered stream water indicate substantial variation because of particle inputs from soils and sediments with differing As contents, and because of discharges from groundwater of widely varying chemistry.

\n

In the Inner Coastal Plain, streams draining to lower reaches of the Delaware River traverse As-rich glauconitic sediments of marine origin in which As contents typically are about 20 milligrams per kilogram (mg/kg) or greater. In some of these sedimentary units, As concentrations exceed the New Jersey drinking-water maximum contaminant level (5 µg/L) in shallow groundwater that discharges to streams. Microbes, fueled by organic carbon beneath the streambed, reduce iron (Fe) and As, releasing As and Fe into solution in the shallow groundwater from geologic materials that likely include (in addition to glauconite) other phyllosilicates, apatite, and siderite. When the groundwater discharges to the stream, the dissolved Fe and As are oxidized, the Fe precipitates as a hydroxide, and the As sorbs or co-precipitates with the Fe. Because of the oxidation/precipitation process, dissolved As concentrations measured in filtered stream waters of the Inner Coastal Plain are about 1 µg/L, but the total As concentrations (and loads) are greater, substantially amplified by As-bearing suspended sediment in stormflows.

\n

In the Outer Coastal Plain, streams draining to the Atlantic Ocean traverse quartz-rich sediments of mainly deltaic origin where the As content generally is low (<8 mg/kg). In unfiltered and filtered water samples, As concentrations typically are less than 1 µg/L in the acidic stream water and groundwater of the Outer Coastal Plain, but are greater in waters from urban areas. Despite the generally small geologic contributions to Outer Coastal Plain groundwater, where wastewater inputs were indicated, concentrations of As in unfiltered shallow groundwater discharging to small urban streams exceeded the maximum contaminant level.

\n

With a history of agriculture in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, anthropogenic inputs of As, such as residues from former pesticide applications in soils, can amplify any geogenic As in runoff. Such inputs contribute to an increased total As load to a stream at high stages of flow. As a result of yet another anthropogenic influence, microbes that reduce and mobilize As beneath the streambeds are stimulated by inputs of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Although DOC is naturally occurring, anthropogenic contributions from wastewater inputs may deliver increased levels of DOC to subsurface soils and ultimately groundwater. Arsenic concentrations may increase with the increases in pH of groundwater and stream water in developed areas receiving wastewater inputs, as As mobilization caused by pH-controlled sorption and desorption reactions are likely to occur in waters of neutral or alkaline pH (for example, Nimick and others, 1998; Barringer and others, 2007b). Because of the difference in As content of the geologic materials in the two sub-provinces of the Coastal Plain, the amount of As that is mobile in groundwater and stream water is, potentially, substantially greater in the Inner Coastal Plain than in the Outer Coastal Plain. In turn, streams within the Inner and Outer Coastal Plain can receive substantially more As in groundwater discharge from developed areas than from environments where DOC appears to be of natural origin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Reilly, P.A., Eberl, D.D., Mumford, A., Benzel, W., Szabo, Z., Shourds, J.L., and Young, L.Y., 2013, Arsenic in New Jersey Coastal Plain streams, sediments, and shallow groundwater: effects from different geologic sources and anthropogenic inputs on biogeochemical and physical mobilization processes: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5107, Report: viii, 38 p.; Appendixes: 3-6, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135107.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 38 p.; Appendixes: 3-6","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-032163","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science 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A coupled wave-circulation numerical model of Hanalei Bay, Hawaii, was constructed to investigate controls on nearshore hydrodynamics and overall circulation of a bathymetrically-complex coral reef embayment that is exposed to large waves and river floods several times per annum. The model was calibrated using in situ data representative of the two conditions that dominate the region's wave climate: one associated with local trade winds and associated trade-wind waves, and the other with distant-source episodic large swells. The model results were improved by including spatially-varying hydrodynamic bed roughness and making the semi-empirical wave-breaking parameter dependent on incident wave steepness and reef slope. During trade-wind conditions, circulation was primarily wind-driven and volume flux-based flushing times of the bay were on the order of 35 h. Under the episodic swell conditions, circulation were dominated by wave-driven flows and flushing times decreased to as little as 2 h. The vigorous hydrodynamics that occur during the upper 10% most energetic swell conditions indicate that only a few (0–10) events each year are likely capable of exporting significant volumes of sediment from the bay. Like many fringing reef areas backed by steep-sided watersheds on tropical and sub-tropical high islands worldwide, Hanalei Bay receives high episodic fluvial sediment load during a similarly low number of flood events. These similarly episodic but decoupled processes of sediment delivery and removal identified here suggest that the water quality and sedimentary environment of Hanalei Bay and similar linked watershed-reef systems are sensitive to changes in annual storm frequency and intensity.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.csr.2013.03.007","usgsCitation":"Hoeke, R., Storlazzi, C.D., and Ridd, P.V., 2013, Drivers of circulation in a fringing coral reef embayment: A wave-flow coupled numerical modeling study of Hanalei Bay, Hawaii: Continental Shelf Research, v. 58, p. 79-95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2013.03.007.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"79","endPage":"95","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hanalei Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.53350067138672,\n 22.19916683397288\n ],\n [\n -159.48526382446286,\n 22.19916683397288\n ],\n [\n -159.48526382446286,\n 22.234446448737298\n ],\n [\n -159.53350067138672,\n 22.234446448737298\n ],\n [\n -159.53350067138672,\n 22.19916683397288\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bc0393ee4b0fc368eb53b24","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hoeke, Ron 0000-0003-0576-9436","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0576-9436","contributorId":196862,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hoeke","given":"Ron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ridd, Peter V.","contributorId":208521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ridd","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70113015,"text":"70113015 - 2013 - Effects of future urban and biofuel crop expansions on the riverine export of phosphorus to the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:17:01","indexId":"70113015","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-10T10:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1458,"text":"Ecological Modelling","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of future urban and biofuel crop expansions on the riverine export of phosphorus to the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"

Increased phosphorus (P) loadings threaten the health of the world’s largest freshwater resource, the Laurentian Great Lakes (GL). To understand the linkages between land use and P delivery, we coupled two spatially explicit models, the landscape-scale SPARROW P fate and transport watershed model and the Land Transformation Model (LTM) land use change model, to predict future P export from nonpoint and point sources caused by changes in land use. According to LTM predictions over the period 2010–2040, the GL region of the U.S. may experience a doubling of urbanized areas and agricultural areas may increase by 10%, due to biofuel feedstock cultivation. These land use changes are predicted to increase P loadings from the U.S. side of the GL basin by 3.5–9.5%, depending on the Lake watershed and development scenario. The exception is Lake Ontario, where loading is predicted to decrease by 1.8% for one scenario, due to population losses in the drainage area. Overall, urban expansion is estimated to increase P loadings by 3.4%. Agricultural expansion associated with predicted biofuel feedstock cultivation is predicted to increase P loadings by an additional 2.4%. Watersheds that export P most efficiently and thus are the most vulnerable to increases in P sources tend to be found along southern Lake Ontario, southeastern Lake Erie, western Lake Michigan, and southwestern Lake Superior where watershed areas are concentrated along the coastline with shorter flow paths. In contrast, watersheds with high soil permeabilities, fractions of land underlain by tile drains, and long distances to the GL are less vulnerable.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Modelling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.016","usgsCitation":"LaBeau, M.B., Robertson, D.M., Mayer, A.S., Pijanowski, B.C., and Saad, D.A., 2013, Effects of future urban and biofuel crop expansions on the riverine export of phosphorus to the Laurentian Great Lakes: Ecological Modelling, v. 277, p. 27-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.016.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"37","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050926","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288886,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288841,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel_2014.01.016"}],"country":"Canada;United States","otherGeospatial":"Laurentian Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.4 ], [ -92.11,48.85 ], [ -76.3,48.85 ], [ -76.3,41.4 ], [ -92.11,41.4 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"277","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7697e4b0abf75cf2bfbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBeau, Meredith B.","contributorId":52897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBeau","given":"Meredith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Alex S.","contributorId":81028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pijanowski, Bryan C.","contributorId":35654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pijanowski","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70119394,"text":"70119394 - 2013 - Are large-scale flow experiments informing the science and management of freshwater ecosystems?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-22T10:48:43","indexId":"70119394","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T14:15:48","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are large-scale flow experiments informing the science and management of freshwater ecosystems?","docAbstract":"Greater scientific knowledge, changing societal values, and legislative mandates have emphasized the importance of implementing large-scale flow experiments (FEs) downstream of dams. We provide the first global assessment of FEs to evaluate their success in advancing science and informing management decisions. Systematic review of 113 FEs across 20 countries revealed that clear articulation of experimental objectives, while not universally practiced, was crucial for achieving management outcomes and changing dam-operating policies. Furthermore, changes to dam operations were three times less likely when FEs were conducted primarily for scientific purposes. Despite the recognized importance of riverine flow regimes, four-fifths of FEs involved only discrete flow events. Over three-quarters of FEs documented both abiotic and biotic outcomes, but only one-third examined multiple taxonomic responses, thus limiting how FE results can inform holistic dam management. Future FEs will present new opportunities to advance scientifically credible water policies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1890/130076","usgsCitation":"Olden, J., Konrad, C.P., Melis, T., Kennard, M.J., Freeman, M., Mims, M.C., Bray, E., Gido, K., Hemphill, N.P., Lytle, D.A., McMullen, L.E., Pyron, M., Robinson, C.T., Schmidt, J.C., and Williams, J.G., 2013, Are large-scale flow experiments informing the science and management of freshwater ecosystems?: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 12, no. 3, p. 176-185, https://doi.org/10.1890/130076.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"176","endPage":"185","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-050929","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473355,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/130076","text":"External Repository"},{"id":291797,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":291794,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/130076"},{"id":291795,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.esajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1890/130076"}],"volume":"12","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53e34146e4b0567f2770195b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olden, Julian D.","contributorId":66951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olden","given":"Julian D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konrad, Christopher P. 0000-0002-7354-547X cpkonrad@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-547X","contributorId":1716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","email":"cpkonrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kennard, Mark J.","contributorId":81354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennard","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mims, Meryl C.","contributorId":29253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mims","given":"Meryl","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bray, Erin N.","contributorId":92906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bray","given":"Erin 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E.","contributorId":43216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pyron, Mark","contributorId":28113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyron","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Robinson, Christopher T.","contributorId":25663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robinson","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":497650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Williams, John G.","contributorId":10270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":497652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70126464,"text":"70126464 - 2013 - Dissipation of contaminants of emerging concern in biosolids applied to non-irrigated farmland in eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-12-17T13:15:55","indexId":"70126464","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-01T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dissipation of contaminants of emerging 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In 2007, a 1.5-year field-scale study was initiated by the U.S. Geological Survey to evaluate the dissipation of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) following a first agronomic biosolids application to nonirrigated farmland. CECs with the greatest decrease in concentration in the surface biosolids at 180 days post-application included indole, d-limonene, p-cresol, phenol, and skatol. CECs that were present in the largest concentration in 180-day-weathered biosolids included stanols, nonylphenols, bisphenol A, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, hexahydrohexamethyl cyclopenta-benzopyran (HHCB), and triclosan. CECs that were detected in pre-application soil were 3-beta coprostanol, skatol, acetophenone, beta-sitosterol, beta-stigmastanol, cholesterol, indole, p-cresol, and phenol, most of which are biogenic sterols or fragrances that have natural plant sources in addition to anthropogenic sources, yet their concentrations increased (in some cases, substantially) following biosolids application. Preliminary data indicate the nonylphenols (including NPEO1, NPEO2), OPEO1, benzo[a]pyrene, diethyl phthalate, d-limonene, HHCB, triclosan, and possibly 3-beta coprostanol, skatol, beta-sitosterol, cholesterol, indole, and p-cresol, migrated downward through the soil by 468 days post-application, but indicated little uptake by mature wheat plants. This study indicates that some CECs are sufficiently persistent and mobile to be vertically transported into the soil column following biosolids applications to the land surface, even in semiarid regions.

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In the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), reefs built by eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, provide critical habitat within shallow estuaries, and recent efforts have focused on restoring reefs to benefit nekton and benthic macroinvertebrates. We compared nekton and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages at historic, newly created (<5years) and old (>6years) shell and rock substrate reefs. Using crab traps, gill-nets, otter trawls, cast nets, and benthic macroinvertebrate collectors, 20 shallow reefs (<5m) in the northern GOM were sampled throughout the summer of 2011. We compared nekton and benthic assemblage abundance, diversity and composition across reef types. Except for benthic macroinvertebrate abundance, which was significantly higher on old rock reefs as compared to historic reefs, all reefs were similar to historic reefs, suggesting created reefs provide similar support of nekton and benthic assemblages as historic reefs. To determine refuge value of oyster structure for benthic macroinvertebrates compared to bare bottom, we tested preferences of juvenile crabs across depth and refuge complexity in the presence and absence of adult blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus). Juveniles were more likely to use deep water with predators present only when provided oyster structure. Provision of structural material to support and sustain development of benthic and mobile reef communities may be the most important factor in determining reef value to these assemblages, with biophysical characteristics related to reef location influencing assemblage patterns in areas with structure; if so, appropriately locating created reefs is critical.

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