{"pageNumber":"1380","pageRowStart":"34475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40893,"records":[{"id":49597,"text":"ofr92553A - 1992 - Interactive inversion of dipole loop-loop electromagnetic data for layered earth models using numerical integration and complex image theory (version 1.0)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:16","indexId":"ofr92553A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-553","chapter":"A","title":"Interactive inversion of dipole loop-loop electromagnetic data for layered earth models using numerical integration and complex image theory (version 1.0)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr92553A","usgsCitation":"Anderson, W., 1992, Interactive inversion of dipole loop-loop electromagnetic data for layered earth models using numerical integration and complex image theory (version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-553, 42 p.;  illus., 14 refs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92553A.","productDescription":"42 p.;  illus., 14 refs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":176959,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0553a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86211,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0553a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e0cc2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, W.L.","contributorId":54584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":38371,"text":"pp1518 - 1992 - Revised nomenclature, definitions, and correlations for the Cretaceous formations in USGS-Clubhouse Crossroads #1, Dorchester County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"pp1518","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1518","title":"Revised nomenclature, definitions, and correlations for the Cretaceous formations in USGS-Clubhouse Crossroads #1, Dorchester County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The stratigraphy of the Cretaceous section in a continuously cored stratigraphic test hole, USGS-Clubhouse Crossroads #1, is reviewed and amended herein. Located in southern Dorchester County, S.C., the Clubhouse Crossroads #1 core is one of the principal stratigraphic reference sections in the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain. \r\n\r\nTraditional and revised systems of stratigraphic nomenclature for the outcropping Cretaceous formations of the Carolinas are reviewed for their applicability in defining subsurface Cretaceous formations at Clubhouse Crossroads. The revised nomenclature, exemplified by the formations proposed by J. P. Owens in 1989 and by N. F. Sohl and Owens in 1991, is preferred for this purpose over the traditional nomenclature established by D.J.P. Swift and S.D. Heron, Jr., in 1969. The revised nomenclature is selected because of its greater emphasis on the historical succession of entire sedimentary systems (timeparallel formations), in contrast to the emphasis placed on the physical continuity of individual facies through time (time-transgressive formations) in the traditional nomenclature. Physical relationships between the two types of formations are discerned by using K.E. Caster's 1934 facies model, in which the time-transgressive units of the traditional model are his magnafacies and the time-parallel units of the revised model are sets of his laterally contiguous parvafacies. \r\n\r\nIn 1977, G.S. Gohn and others and J.E. Hazel and others provisionally delineated Cretaceous formations in the Clubhouse Crossroads #1 core by using Swift and Heron's traditional units. The publication of additional lithologic and paleontologic data since 1977 for Cretaceous units in the core and for Cretaceous units throughout the Carolinas provides a basis for reviewing and amending the original definitions of the Cretaceous formations at Clubhouse Crossroads. Ages assigned to the Cretaceous units at Clubhouse Crossroads by Hazel and others are also reviewed. \r\n\r\nThe boundaries and definitions of the Cape Fear, Middendorf, Black Creek, and Peedee Formations originally used for the core by Gohn and others and Hazel and others are substantially changed herein. In addition, the Black Creek Formation of the core is raised in rank to become the Black Creek Group, which consists of two newly defined formations (Cane Acre and Coachman) and two newly recognized formations previously described in outcrop (Bladen and Donoho Creek). Four subsurface formations that are not known in outcrop are newly defined in the core (Beech Hill, Clubhouse, Shepherd Grove, and Caddin). The revised stratigraphy of the Cretaceous section in the Clubhouse Crossroads #1 core, from base to top, is as follows: Beech Hill Formation (Cenomanian?), Clubhouse Formation (late Cenomanian? and Turonian), Cape Fear Formation (late Turonian? to early Santonian), Middendorf Formation (middle Santonian), Shepherd Grove Formation (late Santonian and early Campanian), Caddin Formation (early Campanian), Cane Acre Formation (middle Campanian, Black Creek Group), Coachman Formation (middle to late Campanian, Black Creek Group), Bladen Formation (late Campanian, Black Creek Group), Donoho Creek Formation (early Maastrichtian, Black Creek Group), and Peedee Formation (late early Maastrichtian to middle or late Maastrichtian).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1518","usgsCitation":"Gohn, G., 1992, Revised nomenclature, definitions, and correlations for the Cretaceous formations in USGS-Clubhouse Crossroads #1, Dorchester County, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1518, 39 p., 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1518.","productDescription":"39 p., 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1518/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64715,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1518/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64716,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1518/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gohn, Gregory S.","contributorId":50155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29312,"text":"wri914142 - 1992 - Evaluation of a ground-water flow and transport model of the upper Coachella Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri914142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"91-4142","title":"Evaluation of a ground-water flow and transport model of the upper Coachella Valley, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri914142","usgsCitation":"Reichard, E., and Meadows, J., 1992, Evaluation of a ground-water flow and transport model of the upper Coachella Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4142, vi, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri914142.","productDescription":"vi, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4142/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58157,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1991/4142/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5faf61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reichard, E.G. 0000-0002-7310-3866","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-3866","contributorId":40635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichard","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meadows, J.K.","contributorId":52225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meadows","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20990,"text":"ofr92124 - 1992 - Records of wells in sandstone and alluvial aquifers and chemical data for water from selected wells in the Navajo aquifer in the vicinity of the greater Aneth Oil Field, San Juan County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-20T20:32:02.483779","indexId":"ofr92124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-124","title":"Records of wells in sandstone and alluvial aquifers and chemical data for water from selected wells in the Navajo aquifer in the vicinity of the greater Aneth Oil Field, San Juan County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>This report contains hydrologic data for wells finished in sandstone and alluvial aquifers in southeastern San Juan County, Utah, and chemical data for water from selected wells in the Navajo aquifer. Temperature, specific conductance, pH, and discharge data from 1989-91 for water from selected wells in all aquifers are also presented.</p><p>Data presented in this report were compiled from previously published reports (Goode, 1958; Sumsion, 1975; Avery, 1986; Kimball, 1987; Howells, 1990); data bases of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Navajo Tribe, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the Utah Division of Water Rights, and the Utah Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining; and from information obtained from oil companies in the Greater Aneth Oil Field. </p><p>Results of investigations by Avery (1986) during 1982-83 indicated that water from many wells in the Navajo aquifer in the vicinity of the Greater Aneth Oil Field was moderately saline and that in some wells, salinity appeared to increase over time. The purpose of this study is to assess the physical extent and concentration of saline water in the Navajo and other aquifers in this area. The purpose of this report is to present available water-quality data for water from wells in the Navajo aquifer and present records for selected wells in the Navajo and other aquifers.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Salt lake City, UT","doi":"10.3133/ofr92124","usgsCitation":"Spangler, L.E., 1992, Records of wells in sandstone and alluvial aquifers and chemical data for water from selected wells in the Navajo aquifer in the vicinity of the greater Aneth Oil Field, San Juan County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-124, v, 44 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92124.","productDescription":"v, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"49","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":154286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":390700,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_18236.htm"},{"id":50567,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Greater Aneth Oil Field, Navajo Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.5,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -109,\n              37\n            ],\n            [\n              -109,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5,\n              37.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.5,\n              37\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","publicComments":"This is also Utah Hydrologic-Data Report no. 47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af4e4b07f02db691cb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":183632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":17938,"text":"ofr92200A - 1992 - Earthquake effects a computer animation and paper model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:20","indexId":"ofr92200A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-200","chapter":"A","title":"Earthquake effects a computer animation and paper model","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Department of the Interior, Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open File Reports Section [distributor,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92200A","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., Page, R.A., and Gordon, L.C., 1992, Earthquake effects a computer animation and paper model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-200, 1 text (22 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92200A.","productDescription":"1 text (22 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0200a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47180,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0200a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62986f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, Tau Rho","contributorId":63371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"Tau","email":"","middleInitial":"Rho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, Robert A.","contributorId":17207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gordon, Leslie C. lgordon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Leslie","email":"lgordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":178236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39549,"text":"ofr92200B - 1992 - Earthquake effects a computer animation and paper model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:59","indexId":"ofr92200B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-200","chapter":"B","title":"Earthquake effects a computer animation and paper model","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr92200B","usgsCitation":"Alpha, T.R., Page, R.A., and Gordon, L.C., 1992, Earthquake effects a computer animation and paper model: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-200, 1 computer disk (3 1/2 inch.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92200B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk (3 1/2 inch.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629875","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpha, Tau Rho","contributorId":63371,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpha","given":"Tau","email":"","middleInitial":"Rho","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, Robert A.","contributorId":17207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gordon, Leslie C. lgordon@usgs.gov","contributorId":4872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Leslie","email":"lgordon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5072,"text":"Office of Communication and Publishing","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":221639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":39553,"text":"ofr92518B - 1992 - Inversion of plane-wave electromagnetic data for layered earth models using a graphical user interface (Version 1.0)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-27T07:29:12","indexId":"ofr92518B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-518","chapter":"B","title":"Inversion of plane-wave electromagnetic data for layered earth models using a graphical user interface (Version 1.0)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr92518B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Anderson, W.L., 1992, Inversion of plane-wave electromagnetic data for layered earth models using a graphical user interface (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-518, 1 computer disk (5 1/4 inch.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92518B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk (5 1/4 inch.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":164447,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270261,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0518b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48c5e4b07f02db53fb2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Walter L.","contributorId":99133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47590,"text":"b1904M - 1992 - A regional structural model for gold mineralization in the southern part of the Archean Superior Province, United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47590,"text":"b1904M - 1992 - A regional structural model for gold mineralization in the southern part of the Archean Superior Province, United States","indexId":"b1904M","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"M","title":"A regional structural model for gold mineralization in the southern part of the Archean Superior Province, United States"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33170,"text":"b1904 - 1990 - Contributions to Precambrian geology of Lake Superior region","indexId":"b1904","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to Precambrian geology of Lake Superior region"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":33170,"text":"b1904 - 1990 - Contributions to Precambrian geology of Lake Superior region","indexId":"b1904","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Contributions to Precambrian geology of Lake Superior region"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-02T15:08:26","indexId":"b1904M","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1904","chapter":"M","title":"A regional structural model for gold mineralization in the southern part of the Archean Superior Province, United States","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/b1904M","issn":"8755-531X","usgsCitation":"Sims, P., and Day, W.C., 1992, A regional structural model for gold mineralization in the southern part of the Archean Superior Province, United States: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1904, p. M1-M19, illus. incl. geol. sketch maps, 65 refs,, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1904M.","productDescription":"p. M1-M19, illus. incl. geol. sketch maps, 65 refs,","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":84544,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1904m/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169406,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1904m/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a847e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730042,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, L. M. H.","contributorId":50494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730043,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sims, P.K.","contributorId":30191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sims","given":"P.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":20338,"text":"ofr92593 - 1992 - Industrial mineral deposit models; descriptive models for three lacustrine deposit types","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:47","indexId":"ofr92593","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-593","title":"Industrial mineral deposit models; descriptive models for three lacustrine deposit types","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr92593","usgsCitation":"Orris, G., 1992, Industrial mineral deposit models; descriptive models for three lacustrine deposit types (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-593, i, 14 p. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92593.","productDescription":"i, 14 p. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1136,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/ofr-92-0593/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154187,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0593/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49869,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0593/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5eeb03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orris, G. J.","contributorId":80252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orris","given":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70197294,"text":"70197294 - 1992 - Modelling the bathymetry of the Antarctic continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-25T15:02:56","indexId":"70197294","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Modelling the bathymetry of the Antarctic continental shelf","docAbstract":"<p>Continental shelves are typically covered by relatively shallow waters (&lt;200 m) which deepen gradually from the coast to the shelf edge. The continental shelf around Antarctica is deeper than normal (400-700m) and is characterized in many areas by a nearshore trough (up to 1 km deep) that gradually shallows toward the shelf edge. We examine the cause for the unusual shelf bathymetry of Antarctica by 2-D numerical models that simulate the bathymetry along seismic line ODP-119 in Prydz Bay. Line ODP-119 was chosen because it is tied to to 5 ODP boreholes, and because the margin underwent little recent tectonic activity or changes in the glacial drainage pattern. The numerical models incorporate several factors that are likely to influence the bathymetry, such as the load of the ice cap, the isostatic response of the lithosphere, thermal and tectnoic subsidence of the margin, sea level changes, and the patterns of erosion and sedimentation across the margin. The models show that the observed bathymetry can be produced almost entirely by the sum of the outer-shelf sediment loading and inner-shelf unloading and by the load of the slope sediments. A simple statistical mdoel demonstrates that this distribution pattern of erosion and deposition can be generated by multiple cycles of ice sheet advances across the shelf, whereby in each cycle a thin (a few tens of meters) uniform layer of sediments is eroded from under the ice sheet and is redeposited seaward of the grounding line.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Recent progress in Antarctic Earth Science","conferenceTitle":"Sixth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences","conferenceDate":"September 9-13, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Ranzan, JP","language":"English","publisher":"Terra Scientific Publishing Company","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., Rogers, W.P., and Kirkham, R., 1992, Modelling the bathymetry of the Antarctic continental shelf, <i>in</i> Recent progress in Antarctic Earth Science, Ranzan, JP, September 9-13, 1991, p. 763-771.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"763","endPage":"771","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354508,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/aes/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15a54de4b092d9651e22c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":736564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, William P.","contributorId":24220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirkham, R. M.","contributorId":16915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkham","given":"R. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":736566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70156915,"text":"70156915 - 1992 - Semi-implicit finite difference methods for three-dimensional shallow water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T13:12:00","indexId":"70156915","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2023,"text":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semi-implicit finite difference methods for three-dimensional shallow water flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>A semi-implicit finite difference method for the numerical solution of three-dimensional shallow water flows is presented and discussed. The governing equations are the primitive three-dimensional turbulent mean flow equations where the pressure distribution in the vertical has been assumed to be hydrostatic. In the method of solution a minimal degree of implicitness has been adopted in such a fashion that the resulting algorithm is stable and gives a maximal computational efficiency at a minimal computational cost. At each time step the numerical method requires the solution of one large linear system which can be formally decomposed into a set of small three-diagonal systems coupled with one five-diagonal system. All these linear systems are symmetric and positive definite. Thus the existence and uniquencess of the numerical solution are assured. When only one vertical layer is specified, this method reduces as a special case to a semi-implicit scheme for solving the corresponding two-dimensional shallow water equations. The resulting two- and three-dimensional algorithm has been shown to be fast, accurate and mass-conservative and can also be applied to simulate flooding and drying of tidal mud-flats in conjunction with three-dimensional flows. Furthermore, the resulting algorithm is fully vectorizable for an efficient implementation on modern vector computers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/fld.1650150602","usgsCitation":"Casulli, V., and Cheng, R.T., 1992, Semi-implicit finite difference methods for three-dimensional shallow water flow: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, v. 15, no. 6, p. 629-648, https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650150602.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"629","endPage":"648","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307807,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-07-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb6fae4b058f706e53e83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casulli, Vincenzo","contributorId":42302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"Vincenzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, Ralph T.","contributorId":69134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70207639,"text":"70207639 - 1992 - Contrasting P‐T‐t paths: Thermochronologic evidence for a Late Paleozoic final assembly of the Avalon Composite Terrane in the New England Appalachians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-31T14:27:20","indexId":"70207639","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T14:18:36","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting P‐T‐t paths: Thermochronologic evidence for a Late Paleozoic final assembly of the Avalon Composite Terrane in the New England Appalachians","docAbstract":"<p><span>Strongly contrasting pressure‐temperature‐time paths for the Avalon composite terrane and the structurally overlying Putnam‐Nashoba zone in eastern New England obtained from thermochronologic and thermobarometric data are best explained by a late Paleozoic underthrusting of cover rocks by the Avalon composite terrane. We present new Ar and U‐Pb thermochronologic data that show that in the southern Hope Valley zone, Permian (280 Ma) anatectic metamorphic conditions of 700°C and 6 kbar were quenched by relatively rapid cooling (12°C/m.y.) and exhumation (0.5 km/m.y.) for ∼40 m.y. In contrast, peak metamorphic conditions in the Putnam‐Nashoba zone predate Silurian intrusions, and slower cooling (3.5°C/m.y.) began at about 400 Ma. One‐dimensional thermal modeling suggests that these two belts were not in thermal equilibrium during the Permian metamorphism of the Avalon composite terrane. Because of the absence of high‐grade Alleghanian metamorphism in rocks overlying the Avalon terrane, we conclude that high‐grade Alleghanian metamorphism in the Avalon terrane occurred east of rocks now overlying it and that significant motion between Avalon and this cover occurred after peak Alleghanian metamorphism. Similarly contrasting metamorphic histories between Avalon inliers (Willimantic window, Massabesic complex gneiss, Pelham dome) and their cover rocks reveals the regional significance of this boundary. The core rocks all show Permian cooling, but the cover rocks show post‐Acadian cooling ages decreasing from east to west to the Pelham area, where hornblende ages in Avalon and cover differ by only 35 rather than 80 m.y. Model calculations show that thermal equilibrium between instantaneously thrusted blocks of rocks is generally obtained in tens of millions of years. Consequently, underthrusting of Avalon is constrained to be middle Mississippian or younger. Because the leading edge of the underthrusting block would have been heated the longest and would have most closely approached thermal equilibrium with its cover, core rocks of the Pelham dome must have been relatively close to this leading edge. Thus Carboniferous to Permian underplating from a generally eastward direction best explains these thermochronologic relationships.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91TC02904","usgsCitation":"Wintsch, R., Sutter, J.F., Kunk, M.J., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Dorais, M.J., 1992, Contrasting P‐T‐t paths: Thermochronologic evidence for a Late Paleozoic final assembly of the Avalon Composite Terrane in the New England Appalachians: Tectonics, no. 11, p. 672-689, https://doi.org/10.1029/91TC02904.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"672","endPage":"689","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"New England Appalachians","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -73.45458984375,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.6962890625,\n              40.96330795307353\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.89453125,\n              41.244772343082076\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.19189453125,\n              40.94671366508002\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.99462890625,\n              44.88701247981298\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.30224609375,\n              45.460130637921004\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.78564453125,\n              45.93587062119052\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.29052734375,\n              45.90529985724799\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.45458984375,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"11","edition":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wintsch, R. P.","contributorId":116962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wintsch","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutter, J. F.","contributorId":59779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutter","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunk, Michael J. 0000-0003-4424-7825 mkunk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-7825","contributorId":200968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kunk","given":"Michael","email":"mkunk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":778707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dorais, Michael J.","contributorId":23302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorais","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":778708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70216679,"text":"70216679 - 1992 - Coupling of a lake model with a high resolution climate model for climate change studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-27T20:19:05.18195","indexId":"70216679","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T14:14:16","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Coupling of a lake model with a high resolution climate model for climate change studies","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the workshop on the effects of global climate change on hydrology and water resources at the catchment scale","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Workshop on the Effects of Global Climate Change on Hydrology, and Water Resources at the Catchment Scale","conferenceDate":"Feb 3-6, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Tsukuba, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"The Committee","usgsCitation":"Hostetler, S.W., Bates, G.T., and Giorgi, F., 1992, Coupling of a lake model with a high resolution climate model for climate change studies, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the workshop on the effects of global climate change on hydrology and water resources at the catchment scale, Tsukuba, Japan, Feb 3-6, 1992, 17 p.","productDescription":"17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hostetler, Steven W. 0000-0003-2272-8302 swhostet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2272-8302","contributorId":3249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hostetler","given":"Steven","email":"swhostet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":805867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bates, G. T.","contributorId":29147,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bates","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Giorgi, F.","contributorId":28186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giorgi","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":805869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70206413,"text":"70206413 - 1992 - Size bias in traditional analyses of substitutive competition experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-01T11:25:25","indexId":"70206413","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T11:19:38","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Size bias in traditional analyses of substitutive competition experiments","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">The objective of this study was to examine the claim that traditional measures of competitive performance in substitutive experiments are biased towards larger plants. Results from a three-year diallele experiment of 6 marsh plant species were analyzed using both Relative Yields (a traditional analysis) and the Relative Efficiency Index (a recently proposed analysis presumed to be size-independent). In adddition, a mechanistic model of competition was used to explore the behavior of both methods of estimating competitive performance.</p><p class=\"Para\">Results from the three-year experiment showed that Relative Yields (RYs) were correlated with the initial sizes of plants for the first two years but not the third. By the third year, RYs were highly correlated with Relative Efficiency Index values (REIs) suggesting that the effects of initial size were eventually overcome. Model results showed that RYs are inherently biased in favor of larger plants during the early phases of competition while REIs are not. Further, model analysis confirmed that the size bias associated with RYs declines with increasing duration of the experiment. It is concluded that current generalizations about the relationship between plant size and competitive ability may be biased by the procedures used to analyze competition experiments.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00317702","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., Keough, J.R., and Guntenspergen, G.R., 1992, Size bias in traditional analyses of substitutive competition experiments: Oecologia, v. 90, p. 429-434, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317702.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"429","endPage":"434","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keough, Janet R.","contributorId":49300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70208319,"text":"70208319 - 1992 - Ecology of band-tailed pigeons in Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-06T14:11:36","indexId":"70208319","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T08:28:54","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1022,"text":"Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecology of band-tailed pigeons in Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>The ecology of band-tailed pigeons (<i>Columba fasciata</i>) was investigated in western Oregon to assess the roles of survival and recruitment to population status and the relation of food, minerals, and diet to reproduction strategy. Band-tailed pigeons congregated at mineral deposits to consume minerals from mid-June to mid-September. Males generally arrived and departed between daylight and 1000 h and females between 0930 and 1200 h, the inverse of the nest attentive schedules for the sexes. The pigeons used one or several adjacent mineral sites throughout the summer and most returned to the same mineral site in subsequent years. Band-tailed pigeons were resident from April through September; migration apparently did not begin before late September. Three indirect sources of evidence indicated that fledging began in June, reached a peak in mid- August, and continued until late September. Second year (SY) band-tailed pigeons apparently began nesting later than and were about one-third as productive as adults. In Oregon, most of the adult population could fledge as many as two young over the 100-110-day nesting period, resulting in a maximum potential recruitment of 47-50% juveniles. We estimated that the fall population contained about 23% juveniles, 12% yearlings, and 65% adults. Mean annual survival of adults was 63.7%, but was year-specific. To maintain a stable population with the estimated survival rates required production near the biotic potential (40.8%). Conversely, a stable population could be attained with the estimated rate of recruitment (23%) and high but realistic rates of survival (adults, 83%; juveniles, 68%). Counts of band-tailed pigeons at mineral sites in Oregon indicated that the population had undergone two periods of modest increase (2.4-7.1% per year) and two periods of sharp decline (10.4-11.1% per year). In 1988 the population index was only 34% of the 1950-88 average. Harvest of band-tailed pigeons in the three Pacific Coast states averaged 414,000 from 1957 to 1983; about 55% of the harvest took place in California, 23% in Washington, and 22% in Oregon. In Oregon, about 65% of the harvest took place in the first 10 days of September and 40% was at mineral sites. Fewer juveniles were shot at mineral sites (13%) than at feeding areas (25%). Hunting at mineral sites was directed at experienced breeders and may be particularly detrimental to the population. However, the overall effect of hunting on abundance was not determined. Band-tailed pigeons fed extensively on elder (<i>Sambucus</i> spp.) and cascara buckthorn (<i>Rhamnus purshiana</i>) berries while nesting. The emergence of Pacific red elder (S. callicarpa) berries in June provided the food resources necessary for initiation of reproduction in Oregon, and probably throughout the Northwest. Elder berries contain little calcium (0.06-0.12%), therefore, the pigeons in the Northwest may require a mineral supplement in their diet. Mineral sites may be the scarcest resource required for reproduction by band-tailed pigeons in the Northwest.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","usgsCitation":"Jarvis, R.L., and Passmore, M., 1992, Ecology of band-tailed pigeons in Oregon: Biological Report - US Fish & Wildlife Service, v. 6, 38 p. .","productDescription":"38 p. ","numberOfPages":"38","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":372121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon 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 \"}}]}","volume":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarvis, R. L.","contributorId":31697,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jarvis","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Passmore, M.F.","contributorId":39492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Passmore","given":"M.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196425,"text":"70196425 - 1992 - Gravity modelling across the Transantarctic Mountains, Northern Victoria Land","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T08:56:36","indexId":"70196425","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Gravity modelling across the Transantarctic Mountains, Northern Victoria Land","docAbstract":"<p><span>During GANOVEX V and GANOVEX VI, new gravity data were collected in northern Victoria Land. The GANOVEX V data cover the Mt. Melbourne 1:250.000 quadrangle, while the GANOVEX VI data Transantarctic Mountains south of the Drygalski Ice Tongue. The two data sets are connected by a coastal traverse. The measurements were constrained by satellite-positioned elevation (GPS) data and, in some cases, ice depth radar echo-sounding. Complete Bouguer corrections have been attempted to compensate for the effects of rugged terrain and surrounding ice. In the Mt. Melbourne quadrangle the regional gravity gradient is uniform, decreasing inland by&nbsp;</span><span>2.0 mgal/km. South of the Drygalski Ice Tongue the regional gradient is 3.0 mgal/km but becomes flat and variable inland over Beacon Supergroup rocks. Both profiles are consistent with a flexural uplift crustal model. A coast-parallel gravity profile reveals a long-wavelength anomaly of approximately 100 mgal amplitude, which is likely caused by a deep seated source. Gravity models suggest that crustal thickening on the order of 5.0 km to 5.5 km at the coastline between Terra Nova Bay and the region south of the ice tongue could account for the coastal anomaly. The increase in thickness might lie across two \"domains\" of different uplift, or perhaps in some way be related to a structure dating from the time of the Gondwana breakup.</span></p>","largerWorkTitle":"Recent Progress in Antarctic Earth Science: Terra Scientific Publishing Company","language":"English","publisher":"Terra Scientific Publishing Company","usgsCitation":"Redfield, T., and Behrendt, J.C., 1992, Gravity modelling across the Transantarctic Mountains, Northern Victoria Land, chap. <i>of</i> Recent Progress in Antarctic Earth Science: Terra Scientific Publishing Company, p. 535-544.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"535","endPage":"544","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353210,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/aes/"},{"id":353211,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ross Sea","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2814e4b0da30c1bfd743","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Redfield, T.F.","contributorId":102278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redfield","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behrendt, J. C.","contributorId":190262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behrendt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70196627,"text":"70196627 - 1992 - Diagenetic formation of bedded chert: Evidence from chemistry of the chert-shale couplet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-20T14:05:28","indexId":"70196627","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenetic formation of bedded chert: Evidence from chemistry of the chert-shale couplet","docAbstract":"<p><span>Theories concerning the formation of bedded chert traditionally have emphasized either depositional or diagenetic processes. Major and rare earth element data from Franciscan assemblage (Mesozoic) and Claremont Formation (Miocene) bedded chert sequences, along with physical observations such as the presence of rare and highly corroded radiolarians in shale interbeds, are most consistent with a dominantly diagenetic origin of chert-shale couplets and are incompatible with many depositional theories. Chemical distributions between Franciscan and Claremont bedded chert=shale closely match chemical fractionations recorded by Monterey Formation and Deep Sea Drilling Project-sampled cherts formed by diagenetic SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>dissolution, transport, and reprecipitation, suggesting that diagenetic migration of SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>from proto-shale to proto-chert is also largely responsible for chert-shale couplets. Identical Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce*) found in immediately adjacent chert-shale layers indicate that turbidites or other transport mechanisms are not responsible for the alternating beds. Neither the chemistry of the chert-shale couplet nor the overall stratigraphy of the sequences is consistent with couplet formation being caused by productivity fluctuations. Chemical mass balance calculations reconstructing the total bulk sediment composition suggest that modern siliceous sequences do not contain enough labile biogenic SiO</span><sub>2</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>to form entire stratigraphies of bedded chert.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0271:DFOBCE>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Murray, R., Jones, D.L., and Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., 1992, Diagenetic formation of bedded chert: Evidence from chemistry of the chert-shale couplet: Geology, v. 20, no. 3, p. 271-274, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0271:DFOBCE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"274","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2814e4b0da30c1bfd73f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Richard L.","contributorId":204374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Murray","given":"Richard L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, David L.","contributorId":61925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":733813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197710,"text":"70197710 - 1992 - 530 Ma zircon age for ophiolite from the New England orogen: Oldest rocks known from eastern Australia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T14:16:12","indexId":"70197710","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"530 Ma zircon age for ophiolite from the New England orogen: Oldest rocks known from eastern Australia","docAbstract":"<p>New ion microprobe data provide constraints on the timing of formation of ophiolitic rocks in the New England tectonic collage in eastern Australia. Results for analyses of magmatic zircons from plagiogranite of the Weraerai terrane ophiolite at Upper Bingara give a 206pb/238|j ag e Qf 53Q ± 6 Ma (2a). This plagiogranite is the oldest rock from eastern Australia yet identified. Existing tectonic models suggest that progressively younger crust was accreted to the eastern margin of Gondwanan Australia throughout the Paleozoic. This cannot be reconciled easily with the Cambrian age for these ophiolitic rocks, which are juxtaposed between Devonian terranes and are at least 1000 km east of the nearest lithologically similar rocks of comparable age. We speculate that younger, thin-skinned terranes may have been thrust westward over the continental freeboard of eastern Australia during the late Paleozoic. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0125:MZAFOF>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Aitchinson, J., Ireland, T.R., Blake, M.C., and Flood, P., 1992, 530 Ma zircon age for ophiolite from the New England orogen: Oldest rocks known from eastern Australia: Geology, v. 20, no. 2, p. 125-128, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0125:MZAFOF>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"128","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111fdae4b034bf6a81b5d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aitchinson, J.C.","contributorId":205710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aitchinson","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ireland, T. R.","contributorId":92456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ireland","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blake, M. Clark Jr.","contributorId":56675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blake","given":"M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"Clark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738246,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flood, P.G.","contributorId":205711,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Flood","given":"P.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":738247,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70195435,"text":"70195435 - 1992 - Numerical modelling of uplift and subsidence adjacent to the Transantarctic Mount front","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T15:26:02","indexId":"70195435","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Numerical modelling of uplift and subsidence adjacent to the Transantarctic Mount front","docAbstract":"<p>The Transantarctic Mountains form one of the largest rift shoulder uplifts in the world. Uplift of the mountains, and coeval subsidence in the Ross Embayment, are modelled with both elastic flexure equations and with the viscoelastic finite element method. Most of the geological constraints are adequately satisfied by the elastic flexure equations. Uplife of the Transantarctic Mountains requires an uplift force/unit area of about 200 MPa over an approximate 60 km zone at the edge of the East Antarctic plate. This uplift is attributed to a sum of the following three processes: thermal conduction of heat from the rifted west Antarctic lithosphere into the older, cratonic lithosphere of East Antarctica; an isostatic uplift linked to a normal fault that penetrates the whole lithosphere; and about 2 km of erosion that has occurred at the mountain front.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Recent Progress in  Antarctic Earth Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Sixth International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences","conferenceDate":"September 9-13, 1991","conferenceLocation":"Ranzan, Saitama, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"Terrapub","usgsCitation":"Stern, T., ten Brink, U., and Bott, M., 1992, Numerical modelling of uplift and subsidence adjacent to the Transantarctic Mount front, <i>in</i> Recent Progress in  Antarctic Earth Science, Ranzan, Saitama, Japan, September 9-13, 1991, p. 515-522.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"515","endPage":"522","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":351621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/aes/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2815e4b0da30c1bfd747","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stern, T.A.","contributorId":53544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":728598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bott, M.P.","contributorId":202503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bott","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":728599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70194864,"text":"70194864 - 1992 - Interoceanic variation in the rare earth, major, and trace element depositional chemistry of chert: Perspectives gained from the DSDP and ODP record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-24T09:45:10","indexId":"70194864","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interoceanic variation in the rare earth, major, and trace element depositional chemistry of chert: Perspectives gained from the DSDP and ODP record","docAbstract":"<p><span>Rare earth element (REE), major, and trace element abundances and relative fractionations in forty nodular cherts sampled by the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) indicate that the REE composition of chert records the interplay between terrigenous sources and scavenging from the local seawater. Major and (non-REE) trace element ratios indicate that the aluminosilicate fraction within the chert is similar to NASC (North American Shale Composite), with average Pacific chert including ~7% NASC-like particles, Indian chert ~ 11% NASC, Atlantic chert ~ 17% NASC, and southern high latitude (SHL) chert 53% NASC. Using La as a proxy for ∑REE, approximations of La</span><sub>ex</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(the amount of La in excess of that supplied by the detrital aluminosilicate fraction) indicate that Pacific chert contains the greatest La</span><sub>ex</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>(85% of La</span><sub>total</sub><span>) and SHL chert the least (38% of La</span><sub>total</sub><span>). As shown by interelement associations, this La</span><sub>ex</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>is most likely an adsorbed component onto aluminosilicate and phosphatic phases.</span></p><p><span>Accordingly, chert from the large Pacific Ocean, where deposition occurs relatively removed from significant terrigenous input, records a depositional REE signal dominated by adsorption of dissolved REEs from seawater. Pacific chert CeCe<sup>*</sup>⪡ 1 and La<sub>n</sub>Yb<sub>n&nbsp;</sub>~ 0.8-1,&nbsp;resulting from adsorption of local Ce-depleted seawater and preferential adsorption of LREEs from seawater (e.g.,&nbsp;La<sub>n</sub><span>Yb</span><sub>n&nbsp;</sub><span>~ 0.4), which increases the La<sub>n</sub>Yb<sub>n</sub> ratio recorded in chert.&nbsp;Chert from the Atlantic basin, a moderately sized ocean basin lined by passive margins and with more terrigenous input than the Pacific, records a mix of adsorptive and terrigenous REE signals, with moderately negative Ce anomalies and&nbsp;<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>La</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>n</mn></msub><mtext>Yb</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>n</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">La<sub>n</sub>Yb<sub>n</sub>&nbsp;</span></span></span><span>ratios intermediate to those of the Pacific and those of terrigenous input. Chert from the SHL region is dominated by the large terrigenous input on the Antarctic passive margin, with inherited<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Ce</mtext><mtext>Ce</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>*</mn></msup><mtext>~1</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">CeCe<sup>*</sup>~1</span></span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>and inherited<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>La</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>n</mn></msub><mtext>Yb</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>n</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">La<sub>n</sub>Yb<sub>n</sub></span></span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>values of<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-8-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>~1.2&amp;#x2013;1.4.</mtext><mtext>Ce</mtext><mtext>Ce</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>*</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">~1.2–1.4.CeCe<sup>*</sup></span></span></span><span><span>&nbsp;</span>does not vary with age, either throughout the entire data base or within a particular basin. Overall,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-9-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Ce</mtext><mtext>Ce</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>*</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">CeCe<sup>*&nbsp;</sup></span></span></span><span>does not correlate with P</span><sub>2</sub><span>O</span><sub>5</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations, even though phosphatic phases may be an important REE carrier.</span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span>This and previous studies of the large-scale controlling parameters of sedimentary REEs across ocean basins collectively indicate that REE indices of depositional regime (e.g.,&nbsp;<span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-10-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Ce</mtext><mtext>Ce</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>*</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">CeCe<sup>*</sup></span></span></span><span>,<span>&nbsp;</span></span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-11-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>La</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>n</mn></msub><mtext>Yb</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>n</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">La<sub>n</sub>Yb<sub>n</sub></span></span></span><span>, La</span><sub>ex</sub><span>) are reproducible in a variety of sediment and rock lithologies, ages, and ocean basins, and present a coherent tool for paleoceanographic and tectonic basin reconstructions.</span></span></span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Ltd","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90319-E","usgsCitation":"Murray, R., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Gerlach, D.C., Russ, G.P., and Jones, D.L., 1992, Interoceanic variation in the rare earth, major, and trace element depositional chemistry of chert: Perspectives gained from the DSDP and ODP record: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 5, p. 1897-1913, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90319-E.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1897","endPage":"1913","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350563,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a69a970e4b06e28e9c81b63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, R.W.","contributorId":6196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":725700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerlach, David C.","contributorId":138786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerlach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Russ, G. Price","contributorId":138787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russ","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Price","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, David L.","contributorId":61925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":725703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70196621,"text":"70196621 - 1992 - Physical oceanographic investigation of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-20T12:11:36","indexId":"70196621","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Physical oceanographic investigation of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays","docAbstract":"<p>This physical oceanographic study of the Massachusetts Bays (fig. 1) was designed to provide for the first time a bay-wide description of the circulation and mixing processes on a seasonal basis. Most of the measurements were conducted between April 1990 and June 1991 and consisted of moored observations to study the current flow patterns (fig. 2), hydrographic surveys to document the changes in water properties (fig. 3), high-resolution surveys of velocity and water properties to provide information on the spatial variability of the flow, drifter deployments to measure the currents, and acquisition of satellite images to provide a bay-wide picture of the surface temperature and its spatial variability. A longterm objective of the Massachusetts Bays program is to develop an understanding of the transport of water, dissolved substances and particles throughout the bays. Because horizontal and vertical transport is important to biological, chemical, and geological processes in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays, this physical oceanographic study will have broad application and will improve the ability to manage and monitor the water and sediment quality of the Bays. </p><p>Key results are:</p><ul><li>There is a marked seasonal variation in stratification in the bays, from well mixed conditions during the winter to strong stratification in the summertime. The stratification acts as a partial barrier to exchange between the surface waters and the deeper waters and causes the motion of the surface waters to be decoupled from the more sluggish flow of the deep waters. </li><li>During much of the year, there is weak but persistent counterclockwise flow around the bays, made up of southwesterly flow past Cape Ann, southward flow along the western shore, and outflow north of Race Point. The data suggest that this residual flow pattern reverses in fall. Fluctuations caused by wind and density variations are typically larger than the long-term mean. </li><li>With the exception of western Massachusetts Bay, flushing of the Bays is largely the result of the mean throughflow. Residence time estimates of the surface waters range from 20-45 days. The deeper water has a longer residence time, but its value is difficult to estimate. There is evidence that the deep waters in Stellwagen Basin are not renewed between the onset of stratification and the fall cooling period.</li><li>Current measurements made near the new outfall site in western Massachusetts Bay suggest that water and material discharged there are not swept away in a consistent direction by a well-defined steady current but are mixed and transported by a variety of processes, including the action of tides, winds, and river inflow. One-day particle excursions are typically less than 10 km. The outfall is apparently located in a region to the west of the basin-wide residual flow pattern.</li><li>Observations in western Massachusetts Bay, near the location of the future Boston sewage outfall, show that the surficial sediments are episodically resuspended from the seafloor during storms. The observations suggest onshore transport of suspended material during tranquil periods and episodic offshore and southerly alongshore transport of resuspended sediments during storms. </li><li>The spatial complexity of the flow in the Massachusetts Bays is typical of nearshore areas that have irregular coastal shorelines and topography and currents that are forced locally by wind and river runoff as well as by the flow in adjacent regions. Numerical models are providing a mechanism to interpret the complex spatial flow patterns that cannot be completely resolved by field observations and to investigate key physical processes that control the physics of water and particle transport.<br></li></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"The Massachusetts Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Geyer, W.R., Gardner, G.B., Brown, W.S., Irish, J.D., Butman, B., Loder, T., and Signell, R.P., 1992, Physical oceanographic investigation of Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays, 23 p.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachussetts","otherGeospatial":"Cape Cod Bay, Massachussetts Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -71.4935302734375,\n              41.09591205639546\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.3072509765625,\n              41.09591205639546\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.3072509765625,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4935302734375,\n              42.819580715795915\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.4935302734375,\n              41.09591205639546\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2814e4b0da30c1bfd741","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geyer, W. Rockwell","contributorId":195908,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Geyer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Rockwell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, George B.","contributorId":204370,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Wendell S.","contributorId":204371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Irish, James D.","contributorId":177134,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Irish","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Butman, Bradford 0000-0002-4174-2073 bbutman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4174-2073","contributorId":943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Butman","given":"Bradford","email":"bbutman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":733795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loder, T.C.","contributorId":62817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loder","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":733796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Signell, Richard P. rsignell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","email":"rsignell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":733797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70195040,"text":"70195040 - 1992 - Rare earth, major and trace element composition of Leg 127 sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T15:53:27","indexId":"70195040","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Rare earth, major and trace element composition of Leg 127 sediments","docAbstract":"<p>The relative effects of paleoceanographic and paleogeographic variations, sediment lithology, and diagenetic processes on the final preserved chemistry of Japan Sea sediments are evaluated by investigating the rare earth element (REE), major element, and trace element concentrations in 59 squeeze-cake whole-round and 27 physical-property sample residues from Sites 794, 795, and 797, cored during ODP Leg 127. </p><p>The most important variation in sedimentary chemical composition is the increase in SiO2 concentration through the Pliocene diatomaceous sequences, which dilutes most other major and trace element components by various degrees. This biogenic input is largest at Site 794 (Yamato Basin), moderately developed at Site 797 (Yamato Basin), and of only minor importance at Site 795 (Japan Basin), potentially reflecting basinal contrasts in productivity with the Yamato Basin recording greater biogenic input than the Japan Basin and with the easternmost sequence of Site 794 lying beneath the most productive waters. There are few systematic changes in solid-phase chemistry resulting from the opal-A/opal-CT or opal-CT/quartz silica phase transformations. Most major and trace element concentrations are controlled by the aluminosilicate fraction of the sediment, although the effects of diagenetic silica phases and manganese carbonates are of localized importance. </p><p>REE total abundances (IREE) in the Japan Sea are strongly dependent upon the paleoceanographic position of a given site with respect to terrigenous and biogenic sources. REE concentrations at Site 794 overall correspond well to aluminosilicate chemical indices and are strongly diluted by SiO2 within the upper Miocene-Pliocene diatomaceous sequence. Eu/Eu* values at Site 794 reach a maximum through the diatomaceous interval as well, most likely suggesting an association of Eu/Eu* with the siliceous component, or reflecting slight incorporation of a detrital feldspar phase. XREE at Site 795 also is affiliated strongly with aluminosilicate phases and yet is diluted only slightly by siliceous input. At Site 797, ΣRE E is not as clearly associated with the aluminosilicate fraction, is correlated moderately to siliceous input, and may be sporadically influenced by detrital heavy minerals originating from the nearby rifted continental fragment composing the Yamato Rise. </p><p>Ce/Ce* profiles at all three sites increase essentially monotonically with depth and record progressive diagenetic LREE fractionation. The observed Ce/Ce* increases are not responding to changes in the paleoceanographic oxygenation state of the overlying water, as there is no independent evidence to suggest the proper Oceanographic conditions. Ce/Ce* correlates slightly better with depth than with age at the two Yamato Basin sites. </p><p>The downhole increase in Ce/Ce* at Sites 794 and 797 is a passive response to the diagenetic transfer of LREE (except Ce) from sediment to interstitial water. At Site 795, the overall lack of correlation between Ce/Ce* and La/Y^ suggests that other processes mask the diagenetic behavior of all LREEs. First-order calculations of the Ce budget in Japan Sea waters and sediment indicate that ~20% of the excess Ce adsorbed by settling particles is recycled within the water column and that an additional -38% is recycled at or near the seafloor. Thus, because the remaining excess Ce is only -10% of the total Ce, there is not a large source of Ce to the deeply buried sediment, further suggesting that the downhole increase in Ce/Ce* is a passive response to diagenetic behavior of the other LREEs. The REE chemistry of Japan Sea sediment therefore predicts successive downhole addition of LREEs to deeply buried interstitial waters.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program","usgsCitation":"Murray, R., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Brumsack, H., Gerlach, D.C., and Russ, G.P., 1992, Rare earth, major and trace element composition of Leg 127 sediments, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v. 127/128, no. 1, p. 677-695.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"695","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              124.71679687499999,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              145.634765625,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ],\n            [\n              145.634765625,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              124.71679687499999,\n              46.98025235521883\n            ],\n            [\n              124.71679687499999,\n              29.916852233070173\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"127/128","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a797b95e4b00f54eb1f5e1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, R.W.","contributorId":6196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brumsack, Hans-Juergen","contributorId":61141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brumsack","given":"Hans-Juergen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gerlach, David C.","contributorId":138786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerlach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russ, G. Price","contributorId":138787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russ","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Price","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70197490,"text":"70197490 - 1992 -  Remote sensing studies of the geomorphology of Surtsey, 1987-1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-07T12:33:04","indexId":"70197490","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5707,"text":"Surtsey Research Progress Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":" Remote sensing studies of the geomorphology of Surtsey, 1987-1991","docAbstract":"<p>The volcanic island of Surtsey, formed by explosive submarine and effusive subaerial eruptions between November 1963 and June 1967, consists of a complex combination of primary and redeposited tephra and alkaline olivine basalt lava flows in a 2.5 km<sup>2</sup> area (Thorarinsson, 1967; Thorarinsson et al., 1964; Fridriksson, 1975). During the past 24 years, wave and wind erosion of this subaerial mid-ocean ridge (MOR) vent complex have modified Surtsey's coastal morphology, including the deposition of a 0.5 km-long northern peninsula (<i>ness</i>) composed of tephra and rounded lava fragments derived from the southern half of the island. Detailed geomorphologic and sedimentologic mapping of the various surface units now present on Surtsey has been accomplished throughout the history of the evolving island, most recently by Calles et al. (1980) and Ingolfsson (1980). On the basis of these studies, an effort to quantify the topographic characteristics of the primary geomorphic units on the island was initiated by the&nbsp;National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in 1987. The objective has been to directly measure the microtopographic properties of the widest range of surface types possible, with special emphasis on the pristine or dynamic types. While large-scale topographic maps of Surtsey were prepared in 1968 and 1975 (Norrman, 1980; Norrman and Erlingsson, 1991; Calles et al, 1980), and geodetic leveling surveys have been carried out (Moore, 1980), there have been no recent attempts to geodetically determine the local topography of the island. Because of the rapid rates of geomorphic processes, such as erosion and deposition, on a small, geologically isolated volcanic island such as Surtsey, it is desirable to determine the meter-scale topographic character of its surface units and landforms, and later a remeasurement of the same surfaces to further quantify volumetric change, subsidence, and process rates. In addition, precise&nbsp;measurements of sub-meter-scale topography of pristine geologic surfaces provides necessary data for the investigation of whether various geologic processes demonstrate fractal or self-affine behavior at a range of length-scales within the interval 0.1 in to 1 km. Thus Surtsey offers a unique opportunity to apply new remote sensing techniques to the measurement of the evolving surface \"roughness\" characteristics of pristine geologic surfaces within an historically well-monitored environment. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"The Surtsey Research Society","publisherLocation":"Reykjavik, Iceland","usgsCitation":"Garvin, J.B., and Williams, R.S., 1992,  Remote sensing studies of the geomorphology of Surtsey, 1987-1991: Surtsey Research Progress Report, v. 10, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354822,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":354821,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.surtsey.is/pp_ens/report/report_X.htm"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111fdae4b034bf6a81b5d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garvin, James B.","contributorId":22112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garvin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":737431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, R. S. Jr.","contributorId":95408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":737432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70195049,"text":"70195049 - 1992 - Rare earth, major, and trace element composition of Monterey and DSDP chert and associated host sediment: Assessing the influence of chemical fractionation during diagenesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T09:44:07","indexId":"70195049","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rare earth, major, and trace element composition of Monterey and DSDP chert and associated host sediment: Assessing the influence of chemical fractionation during diagenesis","docAbstract":"<p>Chert and associated host sediments from Monterey Formation and Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sequences were analyzed in order to assess chemical behavior during diagenesis of biogenic sediments. The primary compositional contrast between chert and host sediment is a greater absolute SiO<sub>2&nbsp;</sub>concentration in chert, often with final SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>≥ 98 wt%. This contrast in SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>(and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Si</mtext><mtext>Al</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SiAl</span></span></span>) potentially reflects precursor sediment heterogeneity, diagenetic chemical fractionation, or both. SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Si</mtext><mtext>Al</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">SiAl</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios in chert are far greater than in modern siliceous oozes, however and often exceed values in acid-cleaned diatom tests. Compositional contrasts between chert and host sediment are also orders-of-magnitude greater than between multiple samples of the host sediment. Calculations based on the initial composition of adjacent host, observed porosity reductions from host to chert and a postulated influx of pure SiO<sub>2</sub>, construct a chert composition which is essentially identical to observed SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values in chert. Thus, precursor heterogeneity does not seem to be the dominant factor influencing the current chert composition for the key elements of interest. In order to assess the extent of chemical fractionation during diagenesis, we approximate the precursor composition by analyzing host sediments adjacent to the chert.</p><p>The SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentration contrast seems caused by biogenic SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>dissolution and transport from the local adjacent host sediment and subsequent SiO<sub>2</sub>reprecipitation in the chert. Along with SiO<sub>2</sub>, other elements are often added (with respect to Al) to Monterey and DSDP chert during silicification, although absolute concentrations decrease. The two Monterey quartz chert nodules investigated, in contrast to the opal-CT and quartz chert lenses, formed primarily by extreme removal of carbonate and phosphate, thereby increasing relative SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations. DSDP chert formed by both carbonate/phosphate dissolution and SiO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>addition from the host. Manganese is fractionated during chert formation, resulting in<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>MnO</mtext><mtext>Al</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mtext>O</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">MnOAl2O3</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios that no longer record the depositional signal of the precursor sediment.</p><p>REE data indicate only subtle diagenetic fractionation across the rare earth series.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Ce</mtext><mtext>Ce</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>&amp;#x2217;</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">CeCe*</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>values do not change significantly during diagenesis of either Monterey or DSDP chert.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-5-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>Eu</mtext><mtext>Eu</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>&amp;#x2217;</mn></msup></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">EuEu*</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>decreases slightly during formation of DSDP chert.<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-6-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>La</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>n</mn></msub><mtext>Yb</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>n</mn></msub></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">LanYbn</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>is affected only minimally as well. During formation of one Monterey opal-CT chert lens,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-7-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>REE</mtext><mtext>Al</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">REEAl</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>ratios show subtle distribution changes at Gd and to a lesser extent near Nd and Ho. REE compositional contrasts between diagenetic states of siliceous sediment and chert are of a vastly smaller scale than has been noted between different depositional environments of marine sediment, indicating that the paleoenvironmental REE signature is not obscured by diagenetic overprinting.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90351-I","usgsCitation":"Murray, R., Buchholtz ten Brink, M.R., Gerlach, D.C., Russ, G.P., and Jones, D.L., 1992, Rare earth, major, and trace element composition of Monterey and DSDP chert and associated host sediment: Assessing the influence of chemical fractionation during diagenesis: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 7, p. 2657-2671, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90351-I.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2657","endPage":"2671","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7acd89e4b00f54eb20c8bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murray, R.W.","contributorId":6196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buchholtz ten Brink, Marilyn R.","contributorId":88021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchholtz ten Brink","given":"Marilyn","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gerlach, David C.","contributorId":138786,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gerlach","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Russ, G. Price","contributorId":138787,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russ","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Price","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jones, David L.","contributorId":61925,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70195035,"text":"70195035 - 1992 - Rift flank uplifts and Hinterland Basins: Comparison of the Transantarctic Mountains with the Great Escarpment of southern Africa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-05T14:48:00","indexId":"70195035","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rift flank uplifts and Hinterland Basins: Comparison of the Transantarctic Mountains with the Great Escarpment of southern Africa","docAbstract":"<p><span>Uplifted rift margins are a common feature of continents and oceans. Two variants of rift flank morphologies have been recognized: One in which the topography warps down from an inland high toward the continental margin, and one where the tropographic peak lies close to the continental margin. The Great Escarpment of southern Africa and the Transantarctic Mountains are examples of the first and the second variants of rift flanks, respectively. Both rift flanks are bordered on their landward side by broad continental basins: the Kalahari and the Wilkes hinterland basins. If these basins are interpreted as flexural “outer lows” that deepen in unison with the uplift of the rift flanks, the lithosphere on the uplifted side is very rigid in both cases (elastic thickness&nbsp;</span><i>T<sub>e</sub></i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>of 100 ± 20 km for southern Africa and 110 ± 20 km for East Antarctica). We suggest that the variation in rift flank morphology is caused by the isostatic response to uplift forces of elastic plates sharing different boundary conditions. We model the uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains as an upward deflection of an elastic plate which is broken at the front of the Transantarctic Mountains, and we model the uplift of the Great Escarpment as an upward deflection of a continuous elastic plate that is modified by the downward load of sediments on the continental margin. Although the Transantarctic Mountain uplift is young (60–0 Ma) and the southern African uplift is old (&lt;100 Ma), the different isostatic responses of the two margins are not a function of age, because most loading (sedimentation) and unloading (erosion) took place shortly after rifting. Detailed modeling of topography, gravity, geological markers, and the locations of depocenters suggests that lithospheric rigidity decreases under the Transantarctic Mountains, whereas in southern Africa the decrease occurs not under the Great Escarpment but far seaward under the continental shelf and slope. If the distribution of lithospheric rigidity is indicative of the thermal regime of the lithosphere, then uplifted rift flanks are not always underlain by a thermal anomaly. This and other geological evidence indicate that a single mechanism cannot explain the uplift of both the Antarctic and the African margins.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB02231","usgsCitation":"ten Brink, U., and Stern, T., 1992, Rift flank uplifts and Hinterland Basins: Comparison of the Transantarctic Mountains with the Great Escarpment of southern Africa: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 97, no. B1, p. 569-585, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB02231.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"585","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":351016,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a797b96e4b00f54eb1f5e20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726677,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stern, T.","contributorId":199663,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stern","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}