Data on streamflow, water quality, and macroinvertebrate and smallmouth bass (microptercus dolomieni) populations were collected from July 1987 through September 1990, in four streams in southwestern Wisconsin to determine the effect of surface-water hydrology and quality on populations of macroinvertebrates and smallmouth bass. The study was a joint project of the U.S. Geological Survey and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources.
\nDrought conditions greatly affected streamflows in southwestern Wisconsin throughout much of the period of study. Precipitation in all four basins in 1988 and 1989 was 9.91 to12.41 inches less than 1951-80 normal precipitation of 32.88 inches.
\nThe lowest annual mean discharge was recorded in water year 1988 at all of the streamflow- gaging stations except at Rattlesnake Creek, where annual mean discharge was lowest in water year 1990. Overland-flow runoff during the reproductive period of smallmouth bass (mid-May to mid-July) was 0.02 inch in 1988 at the Sinsinawa River and Rattlesnake Creek. Overland-flow runoff in the Little Platte River and the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River also was low in 1988 (0.03 inch and 0.04 inch, respectively) during the reproductive period of smallmouth bass. The trend of low overland-flow runoff continued in 1989; in water year 1990, however, overland-flow runoff during the reproductive period of smallmouth bass was 1.38 inches at Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River and 0.22 inch at Rattlesnake Creek.
\nTurbidity ranged from 1.5 nephelometric turbidity units at Rattlesnake Creek to 3,700 nephelometric turbidity units at the Sinsinawa River. Suspended-solid concentrations ranged from 2 milligrams per liter at Rattlesnake Creek to a maximum 24,300 milligrams per liter at the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River. The high turbidities and suspended-solid concentrations, which occurred during storms, did not last for long periods of time and are not thought to have been harmful to the biota of the rivers.
\nUn-ionized ammonia concentrations exceeded the State of Wisconsin, Department of Natural Resources' standard of 0.04 milligram per liter for warmwater streams at all four of the streams. The maximum concentration of un-ionized ammonia measured was 0.10 milligram per liter at Rattlesnake Creek and there was no discernible effects on smallmouth bass or macroinvertebrates.
\nDissolved-oxygen concentrations at all four study streams occasionally decreased to below or near the concentration of 1 milligram per liter considered necessary to sustain life of smallmouth bass. Two fish kills were documented as the result of low dissolved-oxygen concentrations. All of these episodes of low dissolved-oxygen concentrations occurred during or just after rainstorms and subsequent increasing streamflows.
\nSamples of water-sediment mixture and bottom material were analyzed for pesticides commonly used in the basins. Samples from all of the stations had concentrations of herbicides that exceeded the analytical reporting limit. Water-sediment samples at the Sinsinawa River had the highest herbicide concentration. The concentration of metolachlor was the highest of the herbicides-- 110 micrograms per liter; concentrations of atrazine and cyanazine were next highest at 97 and 84 micrograms per liter, respectively.
\nAll of the water-sediment mixture samples had insecticide concentrations below the analytical reporting limit, with the exception of carbofuran. One water-sediment mixture sample collected at the Little Platte River had a carbofuran concentration of 0.44 microgram per liter. No pesticides were detected in the bottom-material samples collected at the four study streams.
\nRichness of macroinvertebrate taxa did not differ substantially among the four streams during the study, but the abundances of several taxa differed significantly among streams. Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River had comparatively few midges but many caddisflies, whereas Rattlesnake Creek had many non-insect taxa and relatively few caddisflies. The Little Platte River had consistently high numbers of caddisflies, mayflies, and riffle beetles.
\nMacroinvertebrate-community composition, as measured by Bray-Curtis dissimilarity coefficients, varied considerably over time within and among the streams. The macroinvertebrate community composition of the Little Platte River changed very little during the winter of 1987-88 as compared to the other streams, but the community composition of the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River changed substantially. The communities of Rattlesnake Creek and Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River became more similar to the community of the Little Platte River from fall 1987 through fall 1988, whereas the community in the Sinsinawa River remained distinct.
\nWater quality, as estimated by biotic-index values, generally was better in the Little Platte River than in the other streams from fall 1987 through fall 1988. However, water quality appeared to have deteriorated (biotic-index values increased) in the Little Platte River during the winter of 1988-89. Water quality in the Livingston Branch of the Pecatonica River also deteriorated during the same period.
\nThe drought of 1988-89 and accompanying decrease in frequency of storms contributed to an uncharacteristically stable environment for macroinvertebrate development in most streams. Total taxa richness increased in three of the four streams. Total taxa richness did not increase in the Little Platte River, possibly because of moderate flooding that occurred prior to the spring 1989 sampling period or, more likely, because of changes in dissolved-oxygen concentrations. Although dissolved-oxygen concentrations were fairly similar in all streams, dissolved-oxygen concentrations were lower in 1989 in the Little Platte River than in other streams. The observed increase in biotic-index values in the Little Platte River during the spring of 1989 supports a decline in water quality.
\nSmallmouth bass reproduction was related to precipitation and streamflow during the critical mid-May to mid-July reproductive period. Reproductive success was good (38-297 Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre) in 1988 and 1989 and poor (0-3 Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre) in 1987 and 1990. This pattern corresponded with total precipitation of less than 7 inches in May and June in 1988 and 1989 and greater than 7 inches in 1989 and 1990.
\nIn years when runoff exceeded 0.10 inch, only three or fewer Age 0 (smallmouth bass less than 1 year old) smallmouth bass per acre were caught in late summer to fall sampling surveys. In contrast, when overland runoff was less than 0.10 inch, 32 to 297 Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre were found in late summer or fall. The numbers of Age 0 smallmouth bass per acre were significantly different from each other at the 1 -percent probability level (p=0.0001). Smallmouth bass reproductive success indicated that smallmouth bass in these streams were extremely vulnerable to the amount of runoff during the early stage of their life.
\nLow concentrations of dissolved oxygen constituted the most detrimental water-quality problem affecting smallmouth bass populations. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were occasionally less than 3 milligrams per liter, a dissolved-oxygen concentration that may be detrimental to early-life stages of smallmouth bass in the streams; however, smallmouth bass were apparently able to withstand these low dissolved-oxygen concentrations and seem to have survived in some situations when dissolved-oxygen concentration decreased to1 milligram per liter.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri934024","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Graczyk, D., Lillie, R.A., Schlesser, R.A., Mason, J.W., Lyons, J.D., and Kerr, R.A., 1993, Surface-water hydrology and quality, and macroinvertebrate and smallmouth bass populations in four stream basins in southwestern Wisconsin, 1987-90: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 93-4024, viii, 70 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri934024.","productDescription":"viii, 70 p.","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406269,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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David J.","contributorId":107265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"David J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":195088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillie, Richard A.","contributorId":149434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lillie","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schlesser, Roger A.","contributorId":149435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schlesser","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, John W.","contributorId":42881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mason","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lyons, John D.","contributorId":55364,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kerr, Roger A.","contributorId":149436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kerr","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":578381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":68171,"text":"ha722G - 1993 - Geohydrologic systems in Kansas, geohydrology of the Great Plains aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-21T19:42:57.588438","indexId":"ha722G","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"722","chapter":"G","title":"Geohydrologic systems in Kansas, geohydrology of the Great Plains aquifer system","docAbstract":"Sedimentary rocks of Late Cambrian through Early Cretaceous age in Kansas are part of a regional flow system of hydraulically connected aquifers and confining units. Future demands for water require that these deeply buried rocks be studied to describe hydrologic properties and ground-water-flow conditions and to provide information that will serve as the basis for decisions concerning the protection and the management of the water resources contained therein, Toward this end, the U.S. Geological Survey, as a part of its Central Midwest Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (CMRASA), began a 5-year hydrologic investigation of this regional flow system in Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, and Texas (Jorgensen and Signor, 1981).
This chapter is one of nine contained in Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-722, which present a description of the physical framework (Chapters B-F) and the geohydrology (Chapters G-I} of principal aquifers and confining systems in Upper Cambrian through Lower Cretaceous rocks in Kansas; the stratigraphic relations of these geohydrologic systems are discussed in detail in Chapter A (Wolf and others, 1990). This chapter (G) describes the geohydrology of the Great Plains aquifer system; the physical framework of the Great Plains aquifer system is presented in Chapter B (Spinazola and others, 1992).
The maps in this chapter are based on existing data from selected geophysical and lithologic logs, drill-stem tests, water-level measurements, water-quality analyses, and published maps of stratigraphically equivalent units. An index to the geohydrologic data compiled for the CMRASA in Kansas is presented in Spinazola and others (1987). For the most part, data used to construct the maps were collected over many years and do not reflect aquifer conditions for any specific time period.
Water resources data for the 1992 water year for Mississippi consist of records of_stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains records of water discharge at 82 gaging stations; stage records for 19 of these gaging stations; stage only at 6 gaging stations; water quality for 24 streamflow gaging stations, 2 ungaged stream sites, 65 wells and 4 precipitation quality stations; and water levels for 235 observation wells. Also included are peak-discharge data for 55 crest-stage partial-record stations, and discharge data at 6 flood hydrograph partial-record stations, and water quality data at 8 partial-record or miscellaneous sites and 448 short-term study sites. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 4-6. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Mississippi.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMS921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality and with other State, county, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Plunkett, M., Morris, F., and Oakley, W.T., 1993, Water resources data, Mississippi, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MS-92-1, viii, 461 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMS921.","productDescription":"viii, 461 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494903,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/ms-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181097,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/ms-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plunkett, M.L.","contributorId":82368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plunkett","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morris, F.","contributorId":17299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oakley, W. T.","contributorId":76331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70160010,"text":"70160010 - 1993 - Planning and acquiring a national center for the United States Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:38:48.219723","indexId":"70160010","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"Planning and acquiring a national center for the United States Geological Survey","docAbstract":"In August 1973, the U.S. Geological Survey moved its first group of employees into the John Wesley Powell Federal Building of its newly constructed National Center at Reston, Virginia. The move signaled the fruition of more than 20 years of dedicated planning and work following World War II, to consolidate the agency's widespread activities into one location, which could truly serve as a national center.
\nArchitecture of distinction and quality, in the words of its principal architect, Walter A. Netsch , ''was considered to be quite radical at the time.\" The John Wesley Powell Federal Building provides requisite and adequate facilities in an architectural style and form which reflect the dignity, enterprise, vigor, and stability of the United States Government. It symbolizes the dedication to the public service that must continue to motivate and guide the Geological Survey.
\nThis history of building a National Center for the U.S. Geological Survey is a \"nuts and bolts\" account of the planning, design and construction, forgotten happenings, and frustrations in the planning and authorization process, and the political and other considerations which played a significant role in the culmination of a dream about a National Center for the Geological Survey. This documented data of unique procedures in the acquisition and financing of Federal buildings, the choice and development of the building site, and its location as a contribution to the enhancement of the \"new town\" concept of the 1960's in the planning and development of the National Capital Area, may well provide guidance in the future to those who have to decide whether a building of true worth should be preserved.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70160010","usgsCitation":"Schmidt, W.A., 1993, Planning and acquiring a national center for the United States Geological Survey, viii, 131 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70160010.","productDescription":"viii, 131 p.","numberOfPages":"227","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":312040,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/70160010.jpg"},{"id":312044,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70160010/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Reston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.45498657226562,\n 38.88301570451763\n ],\n [\n -77.45498657226562,\n 39.003177506910475\n ],\n [\n -77.24727630615234,\n 39.003177506910475\n ],\n [\n -77.24727630615234,\n 38.88301570451763\n ],\n [\n -77.45498657226562,\n 38.88301570451763\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56680d4ce4b06a3ea36c8e31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmidt, William A.","contributorId":150404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":581548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":66612,"text":"i1420(NG14) - 1993 - Quaternary geologic map of the Monterrey 4 degrees x 6 degrees quadrangle, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T18:46:35","indexId":"i1420(NG14)","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1420(NG-14)","subseriesTitle":"GAUS","title":"Quaternary geologic map of the Monterrey 4 degrees x 6 degrees quadrangle, United States","docAbstract":"This map is part of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States (I-1420). It was first published as a printed edition in 1993. The geologic data have now been captured digitally and are presented here along with images of the printed map sheet and component parts as PDF files.\r\n\r\nThe Quaternary Geologic Map of the Monterrey 4 degrees x 6 degrees Quadrangle was mapped as part of the Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States. The atlas was begun as an effort to depict the areal distribution of surficial geologic deposits and other materials that accumulated or formed during the past 2+ million years, the period that includes all activities of the human species. These materials are at the surface of the Earth. They make up the ground on which we walk, the dirt in which we dig foundations, and the soil in which we grow crops. Most of our human activity is related in one way or another to these surface materials that are referred to collectively by many geologists as regolith, the mantle of fragmental and generally unconsolidated material that overlies the bedrock foundation of the continent. The maps were compiled at 1:1,000,000 scale.\r\n\r\nIn recent years, surficial deposits and materials have become the focus of much interest by scientists, environmentalists, governmental agencies, and the general public. They are the foundations of ecosystems, the materials that support plant growth and animal habitat, and the materials through which travels much of the water required for our agriculture, our industry, and our general well being. They also are materials that easily can become contaminated by pesticides, fertilizers, and toxic wastes. In this context, the value of the surficial geologic map is evident.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1420(NG14)","usgsCitation":"Wermund, E.G., Moore, D., and Richmond, G.M., 1993, Quaternary geologic map of the Monterrey 4 degrees x 6 degrees quadrangle, United States: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1420(NG-14), 1 map :col. ;44 x 60 cm., on sheet 79 x 120 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1420(NG14).","productDescription":"1 map :col. ;44 x 60 cm., on sheet 79 x 120 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/i_1420(ng_14).jpg"},{"id":14064,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1420/ng-14/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":106725,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9200.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9200"}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,24 ], [ -102,28 ], [ -96,28 ], [ -96,24 ], [ -102,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633cfa","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":63835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":749280,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Wermund, E. G. Jr.","contributorId":72468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wermund","given":"E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, David W.","contributorId":47467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"David W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Richmond, Gerald Martin","contributorId":89908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208477,"text":"70208477 - 1993 - Marsh submergence vs. marsh accretion: Interpreting accretion deficit data in coastal Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-11T12:06:15","indexId":"70208477","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T11:58:25","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Marsh submergence vs. marsh accretion: Interpreting accretion deficit data in coastal Louisiana","docAbstract":"The apparent imbalance between relative sea-level rise and vertical marsh accretion is frequently cited as a major factor in the problem of wetland loss in Louisiana. Rates of relative sea-level rise are high in Louisiana due to high rates of subsidence. Although marsh accretion rates are also high, they are usually insufficient to maintain the relative elevation of the marsh surface. This situation is commonly referred to as an accretion deficit. The interpretation of subsidence and accretion data, and therefrom accretion deficit data, is confounded by the numerous geologic, biologic, and sedimentologic processes influencing coastal marshes in Louisiana. Therefore, calculation of accretion deficits can be influenced by the techniques used to measure subsidence and accretion. The concept of accretion deficit is based on the assumption that accretion rates are equivalent to elevation change rates, but this assumption may not necessarily be correct. We suggest that direct measurements of elevation change in marsh surface can provide better indications of the status of the marsh surface with respect to subsidence and accretion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coastal zone '93: Proceedings of the eighth symposium on coastal and ocean management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Coastal zone '93: Eighth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management,","conferenceDate":"Jul 19-23, 1993","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Reed, D.J., and Cahoon, D.R., 1993, Marsh submergence vs. marsh accretion: Interpreting accretion deficit data in coastal Louisiana, in Coastal zone '93: Proceedings of the eighth symposium on coastal and ocean management, New Orleans, LA, Jul 19-23, 1993, p. 243-257.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"257","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":372237,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0082743"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 30.20211367909724\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 30.652090026760014\n ],\n [\n -91.4447021484375,\n 30.619004797647808\n ],\n [\n -93.6968994140625,\n 30.15462722077597\n ],\n [\n -93.88916015625,\n 29.931134809868684\n ],\n [\n -93.93310546875,\n 29.81205076752506\n ],\n [\n -93.84521484375,\n 29.664189403696138\n ],\n [\n -93.41125488281249,\n 29.740532166753606\n ],\n [\n -93.065185546875,\n 29.72145191669099\n ],\n [\n -92.6312255859375,\n 29.568679425235135\n ],\n [\n -92.2247314453125,\n 29.516110386062277\n ],\n [\n -91.834716796875,\n 29.46829664171322\n ],\n [\n -91.3897705078125,\n 29.47307903155816\n ],\n [\n -91.329345703125,\n 29.28160772298835\n ],\n [\n -91.065673828125,\n 29.156958511360703\n ],\n [\n -90.7745361328125,\n 28.97450653430241\n ],\n [\n -90.1702880859375,\n 29.05136777451729\n ],\n [\n -89.6429443359375,\n 29.214507763499352\n ],\n [\n -89.461669921875,\n 28.878349647602047\n ],\n [\n -88.9508056640625,\n 29.06097140738389\n ],\n [\n -88.934326171875,\n 29.219302076779456\n ],\n [\n -88.78051757812499,\n 29.99300228455108\n ],\n [\n -89.0386962890625,\n 30.121373087823045\n ],\n [\n -89.45068359374999,\n 30.164126343161097\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 30.20211367909724\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Denise J.","contributorId":71903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":782058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cahoon, Donald R. 0000-0002-2591-5667 dcahoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2591-5667","contributorId":3791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cahoon","given":"Donald","email":"dcahoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70206415,"text":"70206415 - 1993 - The examination of a competition matrix for transitivity and intransitive loops","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-01T11:40:43","indexId":"70206415","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T11:40:25","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2939,"text":"Oikos","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The examination of a competition matrix for transitivity and intransitive loops","docAbstract":"Recent examinations of competition matrices for transitivity (species A > species B > species C) have used techniques that can be subject to certain biases. First, recent theoretical and empirical analyses have shown that traditional measures of competitive performance are biased in favor of the larger species. It is argued that this size bias has the potential to bias analyses of transitivity. Second, analytical techniques used to test matrices for transitivity can be shown to be insensitive to the presence of intransitive loops. Techniques are presented for exploring both these types of erros and these techniques are illustrated using the results from a six-species study of marsh plants. In addition, two published studies are partially reanalyzed using a technique designed to detect intransitivities. Results for both the new data set as well as for the published data sets fail to reveal intransitivities. For the marsh plant study, the size bias associated with traditional measures of competitive success did not bias in favor of transitivity. We conclude (1) that the studies examined do not possess intransitive loops and (2) care must be taken in order to avoid biased analyses if intransitive loops are to be detected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3545313","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Keough, J.R., 1993, The examination of a competition matrix for transitivity and intransitive loops: Oikos, v. 68, no. 1, p. 91-98, https://doi.org/10.2307/3545313.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"98","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368885,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":774474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keough, Janet R.","contributorId":49300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keough","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":774475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70197380,"text":"70197380 - 1993 - Seismic experiment ross ice shelf 1990/91: Characteristics of the seismic reflection data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-31T11:48:46","indexId":"70197380","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5705,"text":"Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Science Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Seismic experiment ross ice shelf 1990/91: Characteristics of the seismic reflection data","docAbstract":"The Transantarctic Mountains, with a length of 3000-3500 km and elevations of up to 4500 m, are one of the major Cenozoic mountain ranges in the world and are by far the most striking example of rift-shoulder mountains. Over the 1990-1991 austral summer Seismic Experiment Ross Ice Shelf (SERIS) was carried out across the Transantarctic Mountain front, between latitudes 82 degrees to 83 degrees S, in order to investigate the transition zone between the rifted area of the Ross Embayment and the uplifted Transantarctic Mountains. This experiment involved a 140 km long seismic reflection profile together with a 96 km long coincident wide-angle reflection/refraction profile. Gravity and relative elevation (using barometric pressure) were also measured along the profile. The primary purpose was to examine the boundary between the rift system and the uplifted rift margin (represented by the Transantarctic Mountains) using modern multi-channel crustal reflection/refraction techniques. The results provide insight into crustal structure across the plate boundary. SERIS also represented one of the first large-scale and modern multi-channel seismic experiments in the remote interior of Antarctica. As such, the project was designed to test different seismic acquisition techniques which will be involved in future seismic exploration of the continent. This report describes the results from the analysis of the acquisition tests as well as detailing some of the characteristics of the reflection seismic data. (auths.)
","language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences","publisherLocation":"Wellington, N.Z.","usgsCitation":"Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences, 1993, Seismic experiment ross ice shelf 1990/91: Characteristics of the seismic reflection data: Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Science Report.","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354631,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15a2c5e4b092d9651e22a3"} ,{"id":70196422,"text":"70196422 - 1993 - Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy bay, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-09T09:32:57","indexId":"70196422","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy bay, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Measurement of the rate and direction of ground water flow beneath Wollaston Beach, Quincy, Massachusetts by use of a heat-pulsing flowmeter shows a mean velocity in the bulk sediment of 40 cm d−1. The estimated total discharge of ground water into Quincy Bay during October 1990 was 1324–2177 m3 d−1, a relatively low ground water discharge rate. The tides have only a moderate effect on the rate and direction of this flow. Other important controls on the rate and volume of ground water flow are the limited thickness, geographic extent, and permeability of the aquifer. Comparisons of published streamflow data and estimates of ground water discharge indicate that ground water makes up between 7.4–12.1% of the gaged freshwater input into Quincy Bay. The data from this study suggest the ground water discharge is a less important recharge component to Quincy Bay than predicted by National Urban Runoff Program (NURP) models.
The high nitrate and low nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the ground water at the backshore well sites and low nitrate and high nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the water flowing from the foreshore suggests that denitrification is active in the sediments. The low ground water flow rates and low nitrate concentrations in the foreshore samples suggest that little or no nitrate is surviving the denitrification process to affect the planktonic community. Similarly, oxidizing conditions in the aquifer and low trace metal concentrations in the ground water samples suggest that the metals may be precipitating and binding to sedimentary phases before impacting the bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00549789","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., and Moffett, A., 1993, Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy bay, Massachusetts: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 25, no. 1, p. 15-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00549789.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"27","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":353203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Quincy Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.16943359375,\n 42.20512475970615\n ],\n [\n -70.73753356933594,\n 42.20512475970615\n ],\n [\n -70.73753356933594,\n 42.43308625978409\n ],\n [\n -71.16943359375,\n 42.43308625978409\n ],\n [\n -71.16943359375,\n 42.20512475970615\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2597e4b0da30c1bfd6c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, Lawrence J. lpoppe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"Lawrence J.","email":"lpoppe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":732858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffett, A.M.","contributorId":54625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":732859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199881,"text":"70199881 - 1993 - Seasonal variations of Zn/Cu ratios in acid mine water from Iron Mountain, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-02T11:26:11","indexId":"70199881","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-20T11:25:44","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Seasonal variations of Zn/Cu ratios in acid mine water from Iron Mountain, California","docAbstract":"Time-series data on Zn/Cu weight ratios from portal effluent compositions [(Zn/Cu)water] at Iron Mountain, California, show seasonal variations that can be related to the precipitation and dissolution of melanterite [(FeII,Zn,Cu)SO4·7H2O]. Mine water and actively forming melanterite were collected from underground mine workings and chemically analyzed. The temperature-dependent solubility of Zn-Cu-bearing melanterite solid solutions was investigated by heating-cooling experiments using the mine water. Rapid kinetics of melanterite dissolution and precipitation facilitated reversed solubility experiments at 25°C. Non-reversed solubility data were obtained in the laboratory at 4° and 35°C and at ambient underground mine conditions (38° and 42°C). Copper is partitioned preferentially to zinc into melanterite solid solutions at all temperatures investigated. During the annual dry season, values of (Zn/Cu)water in the Richmond portal effluent increase to values between 8 to 13, consistent with formation of melanterite during this period. During the annual wet season, the onset of high discharge from the mine portals is characterized by a significant decrease in (Zn/Cu)water to values as low as 2. This phenomenon may be caused by dissolution of melanterite with values of (Zn/Cu)solid ranging from 1.5 to 3.5.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental geochemistry of sulfide oxidation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemistry Society","doi":"10.1021/bk-1994-0550.ch022","isbn":"9780841227729","usgsCitation":"Alpers, C.N., Nordstrom, D.K., and Thompson, J.M., 1993, Seasonal variations of Zn/Cu ratios in acid mine water from Iron Mountain, California, chap. of Environmental geochemistry of sulfide oxidation, v. 550, p. 324-344, https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0550.ch022.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"324","endPage":"344","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358017,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Iron Mountain","volume":"550","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c111a1ce4b034bf6a8194d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":747125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, J. Michael","contributorId":40239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70207075,"text":"70207075 - 1993 - Deformation from 1973 through 1991 in the epicentral area of the 1992 Landers, California, Earthquake (Ms = 7.5)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-28T13:52:07.17653","indexId":"70207075","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-05T12:39:07","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deformation from 1973 through 1991 in the epicentral area of the 1992 Landers, California, Earthquake (Ms = 7.5)","docAbstract":"Deformation of a 50 × 60 km trilateration network that spans the epicenter of the 1992 Landers earthquake(Ms = 7.5) was measured by seven surveys over the 19 years preceding the earthquake. Three moderate earthquakes (1979 Homestead Valley, Ms = 5.6; 1986 North Palm Springs, Ms = 6.0; and 1992 Joshua Tree, Ms = 6.1) occurred within the network during those 19 years. Here we use geodetic and seismic data to construct a dislocation model for each of the three moderate earthquakes. Coseismic changes due to these three moderate earthquakes as predicted by the dislocation models are then removed from the trilateration data. The residual geodetic changes appear to be uniform in time. We take those changes to represent secular strain accumulation. This strain accumulation clearly shows right‐lateral shear across the San Andreas fault but also suggests a northwest‐southeast extension northeast of the eastern end of the “Big Bend” of the San Andreas fault. The Landers earthquake ruptured along a north‐northwest trend across this region of northwest‐southeast extension.
Montana Power Company, Inc. (MPC) submitted a final license application to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) on November 30, 1992. In this application, MPC proposed a plan for the protection of fish, wildlife, habitat, and water-quality resources. One concern was maintenance of woody riparian vegetation along the Missouri River, especially along the Wild and Scenic reach of the river, where the riparian forest occurs in relatively small discontinuous stands. The objectives of this project were 1) to recommend flows that would protect and enhance riparian forests along the Missouri River, and 2) to develop elements of an environmental monitoring program that could be used to assess the effectiveness of the recommended flows.
\nPlains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) is the key structural component of riparian forests along the Missouri River. Therefore, we focused our analysis on factors affecting populations of this species. Previous work had demonstrated that the age structure of cottonwood populations is strongly influenced by aspects of flow that promote successfully establishment. In this study our approach was to determine the precise age of plains cottonwood trees growing along the Upper Missouri River and to relate years of establishment to the flow record.
\nOur work was carried out between Coal Banks Landing and the Fred G. Robinson Bridge within the Wild and Scenic portion of the Missouri River. This segment of the river occupies a narrow valley and exhibits little channel migration. Maps and notes from the journals of Lewis and Clark (1804-1806) suggest that the present distribution and abundance of cottonwoods within the study reach is generally similar to presettlement conditions. Flows in the study reach are influenced by a number of dams and diversions, most importantly, Canyon Ferry and Tiber Dams. Although flow regulation has decreased peak flows and increased low flows, the gross seasonal pattern of flow has not been greatly altered.
\nMost cottonwood establishment in our study reach occurred in years with a peak mean daily flow greater than 1,400 m3/s (49,434 cfs), or in the two years following such a flow. These years include 35 out of the 111 years of record, and account for establishment of 47 of 60 trees examined, a highly significant relationship. Infrequent establishment of cottonwood trees is not the result of scarcity of seed or seedlings. In the study reach seedlings become established most years on bare, relatively low surfaces deposited by the river. However, the high elevation of establishment of all trees dating to before 1978 indicates that only individuals established on high flood deposits are able to survive subsequent floods and ice jams.
\nIn order to maintain the present abundance of plains cottonwood in the study area we recommend flood flows in excess of 1,400 m3/s (49,434 cfs) measures as mean daily discharge at Fort Benton (U.S. Geological Survey gage 06090800) with a recurrence interval of approximately 9 years. Because cottonwood seeds remain viable for only a few weeks, and because seedling require a moist, bare surface, we further recommend maintenance of the historic timing of flooding with peak flood flows occurring between mid-May and late-June.
\nFlow is not the only factor influencing cottonwood regeneration along this reach of the Missouri River. Land management, especially cattle grazing, is clearly having an impact, and changes in cottonwood populations could be expected if these practices were altered. However, the dependence of cottonwood establishment on high flow is clear in this reach in spite of the effects of other factors.
\nGiven the value of the resource, we strongly suggest establishment of a monitoring program to determine the effectiveness of the recommended flows and to provide the data necessary for refining them. We recommend a monitoring program that would include: 1) ten permanent, widely space channel cross sections for annual measurement of channel geometry and cottonwood establishment, growth, and survival; 2) five livestock enclosures to monitor the influence of grazing in the study area; and 3) low-elevation aerial photography of the reach every five years and after every flood to detect changes in channel geometry and forested area. Because cottonwood establishment is episodic, a long-term commitment to the monitoring effort is essential. In addition, cross sections and exclosures should be easy enough to access that measurements during flood years are possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Scott, M.L., Auble, G.T., Friedman, J.M., Ischinger, L.S., Eggleston, E.D., Wondzell, M.A., Shafroth, P.B., Back, J.T., and Jordan, M.S., 1993, Flow recommendations for maintaining riparian vegetation along the Upper Missouri River, Montana, 36 p.","productDescription":"36 p.","numberOfPages":"36","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500a7e4b0a4f4b46a2399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ischinger, Lee S.","contributorId":71909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ischinger","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eggleston, Erik D.","contributorId":104832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eggleston","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wondzell, Mark A.","contributorId":63743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wondzell","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shafroth, Patrick B. 0000-0002-6064-871X shafrothp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-871X","contributorId":2000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shafroth","given":"Patrick","email":"shafrothp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Back, Jennifer T.","contributorId":26990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Jordan, Mette S.","contributorId":73130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Mette","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70169045,"text":"70169045 - 1993 - Using a Geographic Information System to determine the relation between stream quality and geology in the Roberts Creek watershed, Clayton County, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-14T10:33:41","indexId":"70169045","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-01T11:30:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using a Geographic Information System to determine the relation between stream quality and geology in the Roberts Creek watershed, Clayton County, Iowa","docAbstract":"A geographic information system (GIS) was used to determine the relation between the stream-water quality and underlying geology in Roberts Creek watershed, Clayton County, Iowa, for base-flow conditions during the spring and summer of 1988–90. Geologic, stream, basin and subbasin boundaries, and water-quality sampling-site coverages were created by digitizing available maps. A contour coverage was created from digital line-graph data. The areal extent of geologic units subcropping in each subbasin was quantified with GIS, and the results then were output and joined with the discharge and water-quality data for statistical analyses. Illustrations showing the geology of the study area and the results of the study were prepared using GIS. By using GIS and a statistical software package, a weak but statistically significant relation was found between the water temperature, pH, and nitrogen concentrations in Roberts Creek and the underlying geology during base-flow conditions.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03261.x","usgsCitation":"Kalkhoff, S.J., 1993, Using a Geographic Information System to determine the relation between stream quality and geology in the Roberts Creek watershed, Clayton County, Iowa: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 29, no. 6, p. 989-996, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03261.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"996","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":318842,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Clayton County","otherGeospatial":"Roberts Creek watershed","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-91.604,43.0816],[-91.4892,43.0817],[-91.37,43.0807],[-91.2546,43.0802],[-91.1944,43.08],[-91.178,43.0798],[-91.1777,43.0732],[-91.1782,43.0655],[-91.1776,43.0584],[-91.1766,43.0506],[-91.1756,43.0415],[-91.1716,43.0291],[-91.1677,43.0192],[-91.1624,43.0071],[-91.1589,42.9989],[-91.1579,42.9966],[-91.1566,42.9934],[-91.1563,42.9894],[-91.1568,42.9839],[-91.1585,42.9784],[-91.1566,42.9747],[-91.1559,42.9739],[-91.152,42.9695],[-91.1506,42.9678],[-91.1464,42.9609],[-91.1455,42.9518],[-91.1457,42.9445],[-91.1454,42.9395],[-91.1453,42.9372],[-91.1438,42.9268],[-91.1445,42.9168],[-91.1444,42.9104],[-91.1411,42.905],[-91.1372,42.9007],[-91.1311,42.8965],[-91.1218,42.8927],[-91.1132,42.8885],[-91.1047,42.8824],[-91.0999,42.875],[-91.0995,42.874],[-91.0971,42.8678],[-91.0944,42.8596],[-91.0924,42.8542],[-91.0908,42.8498],[-91.089,42.8462],[-91.086,42.8443],[-91.0847,42.8437],[-91.0823,42.8424],[-91.0796,42.8398],[-91.0775,42.8373],[-91.0776,42.8339],[-91.0781,42.8294],[-91.078,42.8214],[-91.0776,42.8103],[-91.0763,42.8],[-91.0735,42.7913],[-91.0713,42.7826],[-91.0696,42.7771],[-91.0688,42.7736],[-91.0667,42.7698],[-91.0649,42.767],[-91.0629,42.7645],[-91.062,42.762],[-91.0621,42.7591],[-91.0634,42.7561],[-91.0639,42.7545],[-91.0638,42.754],[-91.0632,42.7523],[-91.0613,42.75],[-91.0587,42.7487],[-91.0582,42.7485],[-91.0563,42.7478],[-91.0549,42.746],[-91.0549,42.7446],[-91.0543,42.7428],[-91.0517,42.7397],[-91.0492,42.7383],[-91.0467,42.7379],[-91.0447,42.7376],[-91.0417,42.7375],[-91.0392,42.7375],[-91.0354,42.7371],[-91.0323,42.7358],[-91.0305,42.7341],[-91.03,42.7314],[-91.0301,42.7291],[-91.0283,42.7263],[-91.0264,42.7249],[-91.0259,42.7245],[-91.0226,42.7227],[-91.0182,42.7205],[-91.0075,42.7161],[-90.998,42.7121],[-90.9903,42.7074],[-90.9841,42.7036],[-90.98,42.6995],[-90.9734,42.6956],[-90.9677,42.6929],[-90.9601,42.6898],[-90.9542,42.6872],[-90.9482,42.6858],[-90.9413,42.685],[-90.9382,42.685],[-90.9332,42.6856],[-90.9276,42.6856],[-90.9226,42.6843],[-90.9169,42.6821],[-90.9108,42.68],[-90.9065,42.6785],[-90.8985,42.6761],[-90.896,42.6753],[-90.8962,42.6697],[-90.8978,42.6447],[-91.0181,42.6452],[-91.1334,42.6451],[-91.2519,42.6445],[-91.3691,42.6437],[-91.4876,42.6442],[-91.606,42.6437],[-91.6055,42.731],[-91.605,42.8169],[-91.6045,42.9056],[-91.6046,42.9915],[-91.604,43.0816]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Clayton\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e7e0c8e4b0f59b85d6ab29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":622675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185445,"text":"70185445 - 1993 - Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow groundwater of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:25:58","indexId":"70185445","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow groundwater of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, United States","title":"Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow groundwater of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, United States","docAbstract":"Concentrations of the Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) CFC-11 and CFC-12 were determined in groundwater from coastal plain sediments of the Delmarva Peninsula. CFC-modeled ages were calculated independently for CFC-11 and CFC-12, and agreed to within 2–3 years in the majority of the waters. Recharge temperatures, determined from dissolved nitrogen and argon concentrations, varied from 9±2°C over most of the peninsula to 14±2°C at the southernmost tip of the peninsula in Virginia. The CFC-modeled ages were examined in relation to the known hydrogeologic environment, both on regional scales and in more intensively sampled local scale networks. The CFC-modeled recharge years and measured tritium concentrations were used to reconstruct a tritium input function that was compared to the modeled tritium plus 3He distribution. Most of the present distribution of tritium in Delmarva groundwater is consistent with low dispersivities. The results of the study strongly support the use of CFCs for dating shallow, aerobic groundwater.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR02073","usgsCitation":"Dunkle, S., Plummer, N., Busenberg, E., Phillips, P.J., Denver, J.M., Hamilton, P.A., Michel, R.L., and Coplen, T., 1993, Chlorofluorocarbons (CCl3F and CCl2F2) as dating tools and hydrologic tracers in shallow groundwater of the Delmarva Peninsula, Atlantic Coastal Plain, United States: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 12, p. 3837-3860, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR02073.","productDescription":"24 p. ","startPage":"3837","endPage":"3860","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338035,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland ","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.7781982421875,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -76.0638427734375,\n 39.7240885773337\n ],\n [\n -76.3165283203125,\n 39.20671884491848\n ],\n [\n -76.4483642578125,\n 38.805470223177466\n ],\n [\n -76.2615966796875,\n 38.16911413556086\n ],\n [\n -76.025390625,\n 37.05079312980657\n ],\n [\n -75.43212890625,\n 37.13404537126446\n ],\n [\n -75.0091552734375,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -75.11352539062499,\n 38.91240739487225\n ],\n [\n -75.552978515625,\n 39.52946653645165\n ],\n [\n -75.4705810546875,\n 39.70718665682654\n ],\n [\n -75.4156494140625,\n 39.812755695478124\n ],\n [\n -75.574951171875,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -75.6683349609375,\n 39.825413103424786\n ],\n [\n -75.772705078125,\n 39.740986355883564\n ],\n [\n -75.7781982421875,\n 39.70718665682654\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3ce4b0236b68f98ef4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunkle, S.A.","contributorId":11248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunkle","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Busenberg, E.","contributorId":56796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Phillips, P. J.","contributorId":31728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Denver, J. M.","contributorId":100356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denver","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hamilton, P. A.","contributorId":7247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Michel, R. L.","contributorId":86375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Coplen, T.B.","contributorId":34147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"T.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70185443,"text":"70185443 - 1993 - Adaptive estimation of the log fluctuating conductivity from tracer data at the Cape Cod Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-07T15:41:22","indexId":"70185443","displayToPublicDate":"1993-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Adaptive estimation of the log fluctuating conductivity from tracer data at the Cape Cod Site","docAbstract":"An adaptive estimation scheme is used to obtain the integral scale and variance of the log-fluctuating conductivity at the Cape Cod site based on the fast Fourier transform/stochastic model of Deng et al. (1993) and a Kalmanlike filter. The filter incorporates prior estimates of the unknown parameters with tracer moment data to adaptively obtain improved estimates as the tracer evolves. The results show that significant improvement in the prior estimates of the conductivity can lead to substantial improvement in the ability to predict plume movement. The structure of the covariance function of the log-fluctuating conductivity can be identified from the robustness of the estimation. Both the longitudinal and transverse spatial moment data are important to the estimation.
We present a statistical model relating measurements of water quality to associated errors in laboratory methods. Estimation of the model allows us to correct trends in water quality for long-term and short-term variations in laboratory measurement errors. An illustration of the bias correction method for a large national set of stream water quality and quality assurance data shows that reductions in the bias of estimates of water quality trend slopes are achieved at the expense of increases in the variance of these estimates. Slight improvements occur in the precision of estimates of trend in bias by using correlative information on bias and water quality to estimate random variations in measurement bias. The results of this investigation stress the need for reliable, long-term quality assurance data and efficient statistical methods to assess the effects of measurement errors on the detection of water quality trends.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01708","usgsCitation":"Alexander, R.B., Smith, R.A., and Schwarz, G., 1993, Correction of stream quality trends for the effects of laboratory measurement bias: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 11, p. 3821-3833, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01708.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"3821","endPage":"3833","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":338958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58df6acae4b02ff32c6aea8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alexander, Richard B. 0000-0001-9166-0626 ralex@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-0626","contributorId":541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"Richard","email":"ralex@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Richard A. 0000-0003-2117-2269 rsmith1@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-2269","contributorId":580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Richard","email":"rsmith1@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":687853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":687854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70128749,"text":"70128749 - 1993 - The influence of mountain meteorology on precipitation chemistry at low and high elevations of the Colorado Front Range, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-14T12:52:28","indexId":"70128749","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T12:49:12","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of mountain meteorology on precipitation chemistry at low and high elevations of the Colorado Front Range, USA","docAbstract":"We explored the seasonal characteristics in wet deposition chemistry for two sites located at different elevations along the east slope of the Colorado Front Range in Rocky Mountain National Park. Seasonally separated precipitation was stratified into highly concentrated (high salt), dilute (low salt), or acid-dominated precipitation groups. These groups and unstratified precipitation data were related to mean easterly or westerly zonal winds to determine direction of local transport. Strong acid anion associations were also determined for the stratified and unstratified precipitation data sets. We found that strong acid anions, acidity, ammonium, and high salt concentrations originate to the east of Rocky Mountain National Park, and are transported via up-valley funneling winds or convective instability from differential heating of the mountains and the plains to the east. These influence the composition of precipitation at Beaver Meadows, the low elevation site, throughout the year, while their effect on precipitation at Loch Vale, the high elevation site, is felt most strongly during the summer. During the winter, Loch Vale precipitation is very dilute, and occurs in conjunction with westerly winds resulting from the southerly location of the jet stream.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/0960-1686(93)90402-K","usgsCitation":"Denning, A.S., 1993, The influence of mountain meteorology on precipitation chemistry at low and high elevations of the Colorado Front Range, USA: Atmospheric Environment, v. 27, no. 15, p. 2337-2349, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90402-K.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2337","endPage":"2349","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":295294,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295293,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(93)90402-K"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Rocky Mountain National Park","volume":"27","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543e3b32e4b0fd76af69cf38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denning, A. Scott","contributorId":70710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denning","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":503198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185441,"text":"70185441 - 1993 - Simulating the volatilization of solvents in unsaturated soils during laboratory and field infiltration experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T05:48:22","indexId":"70185441","displayToPublicDate":"1993-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the volatilization of solvents in unsaturated soils during laboratory and field infiltration experiments","docAbstract":"This paper describes laboratory and field experiments which were conducted to study the dynamics of trichloroethylene (TCE) as it volatilized from contaminated groundwater and diffused in the presence of infiltrating water through the unsaturated soil zone to the land surface. The field experiments were conducted at the Picatinny Arsenal, which is part of the United States Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. In both laboratory and field settings the gas and water phase concentrations of TCE were not in equilibrium during infiltration. Gas-water mass transfer rate constants were calibrated to the experimental data using a model in which the water phase was treated as two phases: a mobile water phase and an immobile water phase. The mass transfer limitations of a volatile organic compound between the gas and liquid phases were described explicitly in the model. In the laboratory experiment the porous medium was nonsorbing, and water infiltration rates ranged from 0.076 to 0.28 cm h−1. In the field experiment the water infiltration rate was 0.34 cm h−1, and sorption onto the soil matrix was significant. The laboratory-calibrated gas-water mass transfer rate constant is 3.3×10−4 h−1 for an infiltration rate of 0.076 cm h−1 and 1.4×10−3 h−1 for an infiltration rate of 0.28 cm h−1. The overall mass transfer rate coefficients, incorporating the contribution of mass transfer between mobile and immobile water phases and the variation of interfacial area with moisture content, range from 3×10−4 h−1 to 1×10−2 h−1. A power law model relates the gas-water mass transfer rate constant to the infiltration rate and the fraction of the water phase which is mobile. It was found that the results from the laboratory experiments could not be extrapolated to the field. In order to simulate the field experiment the very slow desorption of TCE from the soil matrix was incorporated into the mathematical model. When desorption from the soil matrix was added to the model, the calibrated gas-water mass transfer rate constant is 2 orders of magnitude lower than that predicted using the power law model developed for the nonsorbing laboratory soil.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR01414","usgsCitation":"Cho, H.J., Jaffe, P.R., and Smith, J., 1993, Simulating the volatilization of solvents in unsaturated soils during laboratory and field infiltration experiments: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 10, p. 3329-3342, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR01414.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"3329","endPage":"3342","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d3de4b0236b68f98efc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cho, H. Jean","contributorId":189545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cho","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jaffe, Peter R.","contributorId":22503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, James A.","contributorId":68718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}