Point counts are commonly used to assess changes in bird abundance, including analytical approaches such as distance sampling that estimate density. Point-count methods have come under increasing scrutiny because effects of detection probability and field error are difficult to quantify. For seven forest songbirds, we compared fixed-radii counts (50 m and 100 m) and density estimates obtained from distance sampling to known numbers of birds determined by territory mapping. We applied point-count analytic approaches to a typical forest management question and compared results to those obtained by territory mapping. We used a before–after control impact (BACI) analysis with a data set collected across seven study areas in the central Appalachians from 2006 to 2010. Using a 50-m fixed radius, variance in error was at least 1.5 times that of the other methods, whereas a 100-m fixed radius underestimated actual density by >3 territories per 10 ha for the most abundant species. Distance sampling improved accuracy and precision compared to fixed-radius counts, although estimates were affected by birds counted outside 10-ha units. In the BACI analysis, territory mapping detected an overall treatment effect for five of the seven species, and effects were generally consistent each year. In contrast, all point-count methods failed to detect two treatment effects due to variance and error in annual estimates. Overall, our results highlight the need for adequate sample sizes to reduce variance, and skilled observers to reduce the level of error in point-count data. Ultimately, the advantages and disadvantages of different survey methods should be considered in the context of overall study design and objectives, allowing for trade-offs among effort, accuracy, and power to detect treatment effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jofo.12026","usgsCitation":"Newell, F.L., Sheehan, J., Wood, P.B., Rodewald, A.D., Buehler, D.A., Keyser, P.D., Larkin, J.L., Beachy, T.A., Bakermans, M.H., Boves, T.J., Evans, A., George, G.A., McDermott, M., Perkins, K.A., White, M., and Wigley, T.B., 2013, Comparison of point counts and territory mapping for detecting effects of forest management on songbirds: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 84, no. 3, p. 270-286, https://doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12026.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"286","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-038461","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321946,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5bae4b0ee97d51a83a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, Felicity L.","contributorId":169755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newell","given":"Felicity","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sheehan, James","contributorId":169745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wood, Petra Bohall pbwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":1791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bohall","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rodewald, Amanda D.","contributorId":169748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodewald","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buehler, David A.","contributorId":169746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buehler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Keyser, Patrick D.","contributorId":146945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyser","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Larkin, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":169747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larkin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":34542,"text":"Department of Biology. Indiana University of Pennsylvania","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Beachy, Tiffany A.","contributorId":169753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beachy","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bakermans, Marja H.","contributorId":169752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bakermans","given":"Marja","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":33354,"text":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Boves, Than J.","contributorId":169750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boves","given":"Than","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Evans, Andrea","contributorId":169754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"George, Gregory A.","contributorId":169751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McDermott, Molly E. 0000-0002-0000-0831","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-0831","contributorId":169743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDermott","given":"Molly E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Perkins, Kelly A.","contributorId":169756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"White, Matthew","contributorId":169757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wigley, T. Bently","contributorId":169749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wigley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bently","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70171458,"text":"70171458 - 2013 - Emulating natural disturbances for declining late-successional species: A case study of the consequences for Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T15:39:54","indexId":"70171458","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Emulating natural disturbances for declining late-successional species: A case study of the consequences for Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea)","docAbstract":"Forest cover in the eastern United States has increased over the past century and while some late-successional species have benefited from this process as expected, others have experienced population declines. These declines may be in part related to contemporary reductions in small-scale forest interior disturbances such as fire, windthrow, and treefalls. To mitigate the negative impacts of disturbance alteration and suppression on some late-successional species, strategies that emulate natural disturbance regimes are often advocated, but large-scale evaluations of these practices are rare. Here, we assessed the consequences of experimental disturbance (using partial timber harvest) on a severely declining late-successional species, the cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerulea), across the core of its breeding range in the Appalachian Mountains. We measured numerical (density), physiological (body condition), and demographic (age structure and reproduction) responses to three levels of disturbance and explored the potential impacts of disturbance on source-sink dynamics. Breeding densities of warblers increased one to four years after all canopy disturbances (vs. controls) and males occupying territories on treatment plots were in better condition than those on control plots. However, these beneficial effects of disturbance did not correspond to improvements in reproduction; nest success was lower on all treatment plots than on control plots in the southern region and marginally lower on light disturbance plots in the northern region. Our data suggest that only habitats in the southern region acted as sources, and interior disturbances in this region have the potential to create ecological traps at a local scale, but sources when viewed at broader scales. Thus, cerulean warblers would likely benefit from management that strikes a landscape-level balance between emulating natural disturbances in order to attract individuals into areas where current structure is inappropriate, and limiting anthropogenic disturbance in forests that already possess appropriate structural attributes in order to maintain maximum productivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0052107","usgsCitation":"Boves, T.J., Buehler, D.A., Sheehan, J., Wood, P.B., Rodewald, A.D., Larkin, J.L., Keyser, P.D., Newell, F.L., George, G.A., Bakermans, M.H., Evans, A., Beachy, T.A., McDermott, M., Perkins, K.A., White, M., and Wigley, T.B., 2013, Emulating natural disturbances for declining late-successional species: A case study of the consequences for Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea): PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 1, p. 1-13, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052107.","productDescription":"e52107; 13 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-037905","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473374,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052107","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":321945,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-01-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5c4e4b0ee97d51a83b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boves, Than J.","contributorId":169750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boves","given":"Than","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buehler, David A.","contributorId":169746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buehler","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheehan, James","contributorId":169745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheehan","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Petra Bohall pbwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":1791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bohall","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rodewald, Amanda D.","contributorId":169748,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodewald","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larkin, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":169747,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Larkin","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":34542,"text":"Department of Biology. Indiana University of Pennsylvania","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":17929,"text":"American Bird Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Keyser, Patrick D.","contributorId":146945,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keyser","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12716,"text":"University of Tennessee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Newell, Felicity L.","contributorId":169755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Newell","given":"Felicity","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"George, Gregory A.","contributorId":169751,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"George","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bakermans, Marja H.","contributorId":169752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bakermans","given":"Marja","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":33354,"text":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Evans, Andrea","contributorId":169754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Andrea","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Beachy, Tiffany A.","contributorId":169753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beachy","given":"Tiffany","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"McDermott, Molly E. 0000-0002-0000-0831","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-0831","contributorId":169743,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDermott","given":"Molly E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Perkins, Kelly A.","contributorId":169756,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"White, Matthew","contributorId":169757,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Wigley, T. Bently","contributorId":169749,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wigley","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Bently","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70179553,"text":"70179553 - 2013 - Catalogue of Life: 2013 Annual Checklist","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-10T16:23:56","indexId":"70179553","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Catalogue of Life: 2013 Annual Checklist","docAbstract":"The most comprehensive and authoritative global index of species currently available, it consists of a single integrated species checklist and taxonomic hierarchy. It is available (1) as a DVD and booklet; and (2) on the Web. The contact for the booklet and DVD is Thomas Orrell at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington,DC. The URL for the online version is http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2013/info/ac","language":"English","publisher":"Species 2000","publisherLocation":"Reading, UK","usgsCitation":"Nicolson, D.T., Roskov, Y., Kunze, T., Paglinawan, L., Orrell, T., Culham, A., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., Baillargeon, G., Hernandez, F., and De Wever, A., 2013, Catalogue of Life: 2013 Annual Checklist, DVD and booklet as well as online database.","productDescription":"DVD and booklet as well as online database","ipdsId":"IP-056789","costCenters":[{"id":37226,"text":"Core Science Analytics, Synthesis, and Libraries","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339629,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332876,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2013/info/ac"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dace4b0eed1ab8e3be6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nicolson, David T. dnicolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":5047,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicolson","given":"David","email":"dnicolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":208,"text":"Core Science Analytics and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":657690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roskov, Yuri","contributorId":177975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roskov","given":"Yuri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kunze, Thomas","contributorId":177976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kunze","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paglinawan, Luvie","contributorId":177977,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paglinawan","given":"Luvie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orrell, Thomas","contributorId":177978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Orrell","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Culham, Alistair","contributorId":177979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Culham","given":"Alistair","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bailly, Nicolas","contributorId":177980,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bailly","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kirk, Paul","contributorId":177981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirk","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Bourgoin, Thierry","contributorId":177982,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bourgoin","given":"Thierry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Baillargeon, Guy","contributorId":177983,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baillargeon","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hernandez, Franciso","contributorId":177984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hernandez","given":"Franciso","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"De Wever, Aaike","contributorId":177985,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"De Wever","given":"Aaike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":657701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70160455,"text":"70160455 - 2013 - Storm surges and climate change implications for tidal marshes: Insight from the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-30T11:41:14","indexId":"70160455","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5038,"text":"International Journal of Climate Change: Impacts and Responses","seriesDoiName":"10.18848/1835-7156/CGP","printIssn":"1835-7156","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Storm surges and climate change implications for tidal marshes: Insight from the San Francisco Bay Estuary, California, USA","docAbstract":"Tidal marshes are dynamic ecosystems, which are influenced by oceanic and freshwater processes and daily changes in sea level. Projected sea-level rise and changes in storm frequency and intensity will affect tidal marshes by altering suspended sediment supply, plant communities, and the inundation duration and depth of the marsh platform. The objective of this research was to evaluate if regional weather conditions resulting in low-pressure storms changed tidal conditions locally within three tidal marshes. We hypothesized that regional storms will increase sea level heights locally, resulting in increased inundation of the tidal marsh platform and plant communities. Using site-level measurements of elevation, plant communities, and water levels, we present results from two storm events in 2010 and 2011 from the San Francisco Bay Estuary (SFBE), California, USA. The January 2010 storm had the lowest recorded sea level pressure in the last 30 years for this region. During the storm episodes, the duration of tidal marsh inundation was 1.8 and 3.1 times greater than average for that time of year, respectively. At peak storm surges, over 65% in 2010 and 93% in 2011 of the plant community was under water. We also discuss the implications of these types of storms and projected sea-level rise on the structure and function of the tidal marshes and how that will impact the hydro-geomorphic processes and marsh biotic communities.
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Fortunately, multiple independent efforts to establish research priorities have yielded similar results. Input on research needs is being used to craft national scientific priorities and strategies that are being implemented regionally by agencies and organizations. A number of regionally based efforts are already underway to aggregate and synthesize climate-related management needs and research priorities. Landscape Conservation Cooperatives and Climate Science Centers, funded by the Department of the Interior, are conducting strategic syntheses of common resource-management priorities and related science needs across the Southwest, and many of these priorities and needs are related to climate variability and change.
The present Assessment includes many examples of the types of research that are needed to address key climate science uncertainties. The Assessment also includes examples of information needs related to understanding climate effects on systems (human, biophysical, ecosystems, and others) in the Southwest. Implementation of research strategies will increase understanding and improve the ability of the scientific community to anticipate the direction or magnitude of future climate-related change in these systems. The assembly of experts for the other chapters of this document provided a unique opportunity to draw upon the authors’ collective expertise to share knowledge about priority research strategies. The peer-reviewed information sources assessed in this chapter highlight research strategies and priorities established by the research community. Other sources cover priorities that are based primarily on management and policy needs. In the latter type, the sources represent the consensus of senior leaders of organizations, generally with substantial input and advice from the organizations’ technical and scientific experts.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Assessment of climate change in the Southwest U.S.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"publisher":"Island Press","usgsCitation":"Busch, D.E., Brekke, L.D., Averyt, K., Jardine, A., and Welling, L., 2013, Research strategies for addressing uncertainties, chap. 20 of Assessment of climate change in the Southwest U.S., p. 462-482.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"462","endPage":"482","ipdsId":"IP-039489","costCenters":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":381141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.swcarr.arizona.edu/chapter/20"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Busch, David E. dave_busch@usgs.gov","contributorId":3392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"David","email":"dave_busch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":806423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brekke, Levi D.","contributorId":6776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brekke","given":"Levi","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Averyt, Kristen","contributorId":63331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averyt","given":"Kristen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jardine, Angela","contributorId":147833,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jardine","given":"Angela","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welling, Leigh","contributorId":77864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welling","given":"Leigh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":806427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70094927,"text":"70094927 - 2013 - Biological effects-based tools for monitoring impacted surface waters in the Great Lakes: a multiagency program in support of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-04T13:34:08","indexId":"70094927","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T12:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1559,"text":"Environmental Practice","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biological effects-based tools for monitoring impacted surface waters in the Great Lakes: a multiagency program in support of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative","docAbstract":"There is increasing demand for the implementation of effects-based monitoring and surveillance (EBMS) approaches in the Great Lakes Basin to complement traditional chemical monitoring. Herein, we describe an ongoing multiagency effort to develop and implement EBMS tools, particularly with regard to monitoring potentially toxic chemicals and assessing Areas of Concern (AOCs), as envisioned by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI). Our strategy includes use of both targeted and open-ended/discovery techniques, as appropriate to the amount of information available, to guide a priori end point and/or assay selection. Specifically, a combination of in vivo and in vitro tools is employed by using both wild and caged fish (in vivo), and a variety of receptor- and cell-based assays (in vitro). We employ a work flow that progressively emphasizes in vitro tools for long-term or high-intensity monitoring because of their greater practicality (e.g., lower cost, labor) and relying on in vivo assays for initial surveillance and verification. Our strategy takes advantage of the strengths of a diversity of tools, balancing the depth, breadth, and specificity of information they provide against their costs, transferability, and practicality. Finally, a series of illustrative scenarios is examined that align EBMS options with management goals to illustrate the adaptability and scaling of EBMS approaches and how they can be used in management decisions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Practice","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S1466046613000458","usgsCitation":"Ekman, D.R., Ankley, G., Blazer, V., Collette, T., Garcia-Reyero, N., Iwanowicz, L., Jorgensen, Z.G., Lee, K., Mazik, P.M., Miller, D.H., Perkins, E.J., Smith, E.T., Tietge, J.E., and Villeneuve, D.L., 2013, Biological effects-based tools for monitoring impacted surface waters in the Great Lakes: a multiagency program in support of the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative: Environmental Practice, v. 15, no. 04, p. 409-426, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1466046613000458.","productDescription":"18 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klee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-1367","contributorId":2538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Kathy","email":"klee@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mazik, Pat M.","contributorId":32090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Pat","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Miller, David H.","contributorId":71100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Perkins, Edward J.","contributorId":89063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perkins","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":26924,"text":"USArmy Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":490980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Smith, Edwin T.","contributorId":104816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tietge, Joseph E.","contributorId":27363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tietge","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Villeneuve, Daniel 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California","docAbstract":"Although prescribed burns are used in many locations where reptiles are present, the effects of fire on reptiles\nare poorly understood. our objective was to determine the effects of prescribed fire on the Western yellow-bellied racer,\nColuber constrictor mormon, at a study site in coastal san Mateo county, california. We sampled an unburned site and an\nadjacent prescribed burn site two to five years post fire in the spring and summer of 2007 through 2010. We found no\ndifferences in apparent survival or body condition of snakes between burned and unburned sites. the burned site had lower\nsnake abundance than the unburned site in 2008 but we found no difference in abundance between sites in 2009 and 2010.\nWe also found a difference in body condition across years and asymmetry in the probability of transition (movement between\nburned and unburned sites). Vegetation cover between the burned and unburned sites was similar. this study serves as a\nbaseline for investigation of the effects of fire on Coluber constrictor mormon at our study site and provides further insight\non the effects of prescribed fire on reptile species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Amphibian and Reptile Conservation","publisherLocation":"Texarkana, TX","usgsCitation":"Thompson, M., Halstead, B., Wylie, G.D., Amarello, M., Smith, J., Casazza, M.L., and Routman, E.J., 2013, Effects of prescribed fire on Coluber constrictor Mormon in coastal San Mateo County, California: Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 8, no. 3, p. 602-615.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"602","endPage":"615","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-042616","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294292,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Mateo County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.525153,37.106805 ], [ -122.525153,37.708431 ], [ -122.115797,37.708431 ], [ -122.115797,37.106805 ], [ -122.525153,37.106805 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb24e4b08312ac7cf019","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, Michelle E.","contributorId":105032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Michelle E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Halstead, Brian J. 0000-0002-5535-6528 bhalstead@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5535-6528","contributorId":3051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halstead","given":"Brian J.","email":"bhalstead@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wylie, Glenn D. 0000-0002-7061-6658 glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-6658","contributorId":3052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Amarello, Melissa","contributorId":90860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amarello","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":84890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Jeffrey J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Casazza, Michael L. 0000-0002-5636-735X mike_casazza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5636-735X","contributorId":2091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casazza","given":"Michael","email":"mike_casazza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Routman, Eric J.","contributorId":92407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Routman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70159158,"text":"70159158 - 2013 - The changing southwest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-02T11:38:41","indexId":"70159158","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The changing southwest","docAbstract":"This chapter describes important geographical and socio-economic characteristics and trends in the Southwest—such as population and economic growth and changes in land ownership, land use, and land cover—that provide the context for how climate change will likely affect the Southwest. 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Immediately after the Tohoku earthquake, the seismicity rate in the corridor jumped 10-fold, while the rate of normal focal mechanisms dropped in half. The seismicity rate decayed for 6–12 months, after which it steadied at three times the pre-Tohoku rate. The seismicity rate jump and decay to a new rate, as well as the focal mechanism change, can be explained by the static stress imparted by the Tohoku rupture and postseismic creep to Kanto faults. We therefore fit the seismicity observations to a rate/state Coulomb model, which we use to forecast the time-dependent probability of large earthquakes in the Kanto seismic corridor. We estimate a 17% probability of a M ≥ 7.0 shock over the 5 year prospective period 11 March 2013 to 10 March 2018, two-and-a-half times the probability had the Tohoku earthquake not struck","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/grl.50524","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., and Stein, R.S., 2013, The 2011 M = 9.0 Tohoku oki earthquake more than doubled the probability of large shocks beneath Tokyo: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 11, p. 2562-2566, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50524.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"2562","endPage":"2566","ipdsId":"IP-044008","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347215,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","state":"Tokyo","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138,\n 34.075412438417395\n ],\n [\n 142,\n 34.075412438417395\n ],\n [\n 142,\n 37\n ],\n [\n 138,\n 37\n ],\n [\n 138,\n 34.075412438417395\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"11","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05124e4b0220bbd9a1dbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, Shinji","contributorId":43062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70192334,"text":"70192334 - 2013 - Incorporating probabilistic seasonal climate forecasts into river management using a risk-based framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T10:03:31","indexId":"70192334","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporating probabilistic seasonal climate forecasts into river management using a risk-based framework","docAbstract":"[1] Despite the influence of hydroclimate on river ecosystems, most efforts to date have focused on using climate information to predict streamflow for water supply. However, as water demands intensify and river systems are increasingly stressed, research is needed to explicitly integrate climate into streamflow forecasts that are relevant to river ecosystem management. To this end, we present a five step risk-based framework: (1) define risk tolerance, (2) develop a streamflow forecast model, (3) generate climate forecast ensembles, (4) estimate streamflow ensembles and associated risk, and (5) manage for climate risk. The framework is successfully demonstrated for an unregulated watershed in southwest Montana, where the combination of recent drought and water withdrawals has made it challenging to maintain flows needed for healthy fisheries. We put forth a generalized linear modeling (GLM) approach to develop a suite of tools that skillfully model decision-relevant low flow characteristics in terms of climate predictors. Probabilistic precipitation forecasts are used in conjunction with the GLMs, resulting in season-ahead prediction ensembles that provide the full risk profile. These tools are embedded in an end-to-end risk management framework that directly supports proactive fish conservation efforts. Results show that the use of forecasts can be beneficial to planning, especially in wet years, but historical precipitation forecasts are quite conservative (i.e., not very “sharp”). Synthetic forecasts show that a modest “sharpening” can strongly impact risk and improve skill. We emphasize that use in management depends on defining relevant environmental flows and risk tolerance, requiring local stakeholder involvement.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20378","usgsCitation":"Sojda, R.S., Towler, E., Roberts, M., and Rajagopalan, B., 2013, Incorporating probabilistic seasonal climate forecasts into river management using a risk-based framework: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 8, p. 4997-5008, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20378.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"4997","endPage":"5008","ipdsId":"IP-040992","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347313,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 44.92591837128866\n ],\n [\n -112.994384765625,\n 44.92591837128866\n ],\n [\n -112.994384765625,\n 45.51789504294005\n ],\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 45.51789504294005\n ],\n [\n -113.8623046875,\n 44.92591837128866\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"49","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a9e4b0220bbd9d9fac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sojda, Richard S. sojda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sojda","given":"Richard","email":"sojda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Towler, Erin","contributorId":92904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Towler","given":"Erin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Roberts, Mike","contributorId":149136,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Rajagopalan, Balaji","contributorId":145813,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rajagopalan","given":"Balaji","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16240,"text":"U of Colorado, Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70192108,"text":"70192108 - 2013 - The 1960 tsunami on beach-ridge plains near Maullín, Chile: Landward descent, renewed breaches, aggraded fans, multiple predecessors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-21T08:40:03","indexId":"70192108","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":766,"text":"Andean Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1960 tsunami on beach-ridge plains near Maullín, Chile: Landward descent, renewed breaches, aggraded fans, multiple predecessors","docAbstract":"The Chilean tsunami of 22 May 1960 reamed out a breach and built up a fan as it flowed across a sparsely inhabited beach-ridge plain near Maullín, midway along the length of the tsunami source. Eyewitnesses to the flooding, interviewed mainly in 1988 and 1989, identified levels that the tsunami had reached on high ground, trees, and build- ings. The maximum levels fell, from about 10 m to 2 m, between the mouth of the tidal Río Maullín and an inundation limit nearly 5 km inland across the plain. Along this profile at Caulle, where the maximum flow depth was a few meters deep, airphotos taken in 1961 show breaches across a road on a sandy beach ridge. Inland from one of these breaches is a fan with branched distributaries. Today its breach holds a pond that has been changing into a marsh. The 1960 fan deposits, as much as 60 cm thick, are traceable inland for 120 m from the breach. They rest on a pasture soil above two additional sand bodies, each atop its own buried soil. The earlier of the pre-1960 sand bodies probably dates to AD 1270-1400, in which case its age is not statistically different from that of a sand sheet previously dated elsewhere near Maullín. The breach likely originated then and has been freshened twice. Evidence that the breach was freshened in 1960 includes a near-basal interval of cobble-size clasts of sediment and soil, most of them probably derived from the organic fill of pre-1960 breach. The cobbly interval is overlain by sand with ripple-drift laminae that record landward flow. The fan of another breach near Maullín, at Chanhué, also provides stratigraphic evidence for recurrent tsunamis, though not necessarily for the repeated use of the breach. These findings were anticipated a half century ago by descrip- tion of paired breaches and fans that the 1960 Chilean tsunami produced in Japan. Breaches and their fans may provide lasting evidence for tsunami inundation of beach-ridge plains. The breaches might be detectable by remote sensing, and the thickness of the fan deposits might help them outlast an ordinary tsunami sand sheet. Keywords: Tsunami, Erosion, Deposition, Hazard, Chile.
","language":"English","publisher":"Andean Geology","doi":"10.5027/andgeoV40n3-a01","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B.F., Cisternas, M., Yulianto, E., Prendergast, A., Jankaew, K., Eipert, A., Fernando, W., Tejakusuma, I., Schiappacasse, I., and Sawai, Y., 2013, The 1960 tsunami on beach-ridge plains near Maullín, Chile: Landward descent, renewed breaches, aggraded fans, multiple predecessors: Andean Geology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 393-418, https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV40n3-a01.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"418","ipdsId":"IP-037531","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeov40n3-a01","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":347322,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Chile","state":"Llanquihue","city":"Maullín","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.24560546875,\n -42.30981541568664\n ],\n [\n -72.61962890625,\n -42.30981541568664\n ],\n [\n -72.61962890625,\n -41.07935114946897\n ],\n [\n -74.24560546875,\n -41.07935114946897\n ],\n [\n -74.24560546875,\n -42.30981541568664\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a9e4b0220bbd9d9fbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, Brian F. 0000-0003-1155-2815 atwater@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":3297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"Brian","email":"atwater@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":714259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cisternas, Marco","contributorId":120988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cisternas","given":"Marco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yulianto, E.","contributorId":94871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yulianto","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prendergast, A.","contributorId":64022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prendergast","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jankaew, K.","contributorId":84976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jankaew","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eipert, A.","contributorId":85392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eipert","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Fernando, Warnakulasuriya","contributorId":197769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fernando","given":"Warnakulasuriya","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tejakusuma, Iwan","contributorId":197770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tejakusuma","given":"Iwan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Schiappacasse, Ignacio","contributorId":197771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schiappacasse","given":"Ignacio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":714267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sawai, Yuki","contributorId":127509,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sawai","given":"Yuki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6981,"text":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":714268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70190120,"text":"70190120 - 2013 - Extremely arsenic-rich, pH-neutral waters from the Giant Mine, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T14:28:18","indexId":"70190120","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Extremely arsenic-rich, pH-neutral waters from the Giant Mine, Canada","docAbstract":"Roasting arsenopyrite-bearing gold ore for more than fifty years has resulted in nearly 300,000 tons of arsenic trioxide waste at the Giant mine near Yellowknife, NWT, Canada. Most of this has been stored in underground chambers sealed with concrete bulkheads. Seepages from underground drillholes and fractures contain up to 4,000 mg As L-1. Approximately 70% of the total is As(III). The dominant dissolved constituents are As, Ca, Mg, Na and SO4 with low Fe.","language":"English","publisher":"InfoMine","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., 2013, Extremely arsenic-rich, pH-neutral waters from the Giant Mine, Canada.","ipdsId":"IP-044375","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344751,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://estore.infomine.com/extremely-arsenic-rich-ph-neutral-waters-from-the-giant-mine-canada-p766c1.aspx"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61029be4b06e28e9c2546c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":707566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70192322,"text":"70192322 - 2013 - Use of fragile geologic structures as indicators of unexceeded ground motions and direct constraints on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T10:31:13","indexId":"70192322","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":960,"text":"BSSA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of fragile geologic structures as indicators of unexceeded ground motions and direct constraints on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis","docAbstract":"We present a quantitative procedure for constraining probabilistic seismic hazard analysis results at a given site, based on the existence of fragile geologic structures at that site. We illustrate this procedure by analyzing precarious rocks and undamaged lithophysae at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The key metric is the probability that the feature would have survived to the present day, assuming that the hazard results are correct. If the fragile geologic structure has an extremely low probability of having survived (which would be inconsistent with the observed survival of the structure), then the calculations illustrate how much the hazard would have to be reduced to result in a nonnegligible survival probability. The calculations are able to consider structures the predicted failure probabilities of which are a function of one or more ground‐motion parameters, as well as structures that either rapidly or slowly evolved to their current state over time. These calculations are the only way to validate seismic hazard curves over long periods of time.","language":"English","publisher":"BSSA","doi":"10.1785/0120120202","usgsCitation":"Baker, J.W., Whitney, J.W., Hanks, T.C., Abramson, N.A., and Board, M.P., 2013, Use of fragile geologic structures as indicators of unexceeded ground motions and direct constraints on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis: BSSA, v. 103, no. 3, p. 1898-1911, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120202.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":" 1898","endPage":"1911","ipdsId":"IP-038935","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347318,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"103","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a9e4b0220bbd9d9fb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baker, J. W. 0000-0003-2744-9599","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2744-9599","contributorId":198187,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whitney, John W. 0000-0003-3824-3692 jwhitney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-3692","contributorId":804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"John","email":"jwhitney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Abramson, Norman A.","contributorId":198189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abramson","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Board, Mark P.","contributorId":198188,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Board","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70192320,"text":"70192320 - 2013 - Stable stress‐drop measurements and their variability: Implications for ground‐motion prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T10:53:35","indexId":"70192320","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":960,"text":"BSSA","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable stress‐drop measurements and their variability: Implications for ground‐motion prediction","docAbstract":"We estimate the arms‐stress drop, Graphic, (Hanks, 1979) using acceleration time records of 59 earthquakes from two earthquake sequences in eastern Honshu, Japan. These acceleration‐based static stress drops compare well to stress drops calculated for the same events by Baltay et al. (2011) using an empirical Green’s function (eGf) approach. This agreement supports the assumption that earthquake acceleration time histories in the bandwidth between the corner frequency and a maximum observed frequency can be considered white, Gaussian, noise. Although the Graphic is computationally simpler than the eGf‐based Graphic‐stress drop, and is used as the “stress parameter” to describe the earthquake source in ground‐motion prediction equations, we find that it only compares well to the Graphic at source‐station distances of ∼20 km or less because there is no consideration of whole‐path anelastic attenuation or scattering. In these circumstances, the correlation between the Graphic and Graphic is strong. Events with high and low stress drops obtained through the eGf method have similarly high and low Graphic. We find that the inter‐event standard deviation of stress drop, for the population of earthquakes considered, is similar for both methods, 0.40 for the Graphic method and 0.42 for the Graphic, in log10 units, provided we apply the ∼20 km distance restriction to Graphic. This indicates that the observed variability is inherent to the source, rather than attributable to uncertainties in stress‐drop estimates","language":"English","publisher":"BSSA","doi":"10.1785/0120120161","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., and Beroza, G.C., 2013, Stable stress‐drop measurements and their variability: Implications for ground‐motion prediction: BSSA, v. 103, no. 1, p. 211-222, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120161.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"222","ipdsId":"IP-037803","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 140.25,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n 141.5,\n 38.5\n ],\n [\n 141.5,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n 140.25,\n 39.5\n ],\n [\n 140.25,\n 38.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 138.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n 139.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n 139.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n 138.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n 138.5,\n 37\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a9e4b0220bbd9d9fb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Beroza, Gregory C.","contributorId":191201,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beroza","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70192414,"text":"70192414 - 2013 - Rapid chemical evolution of tropospheric volcanic emissions from Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, based on observations of ozone and halogen-containing gases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-25T15:11:01","indexId":"70192414","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid chemical evolution of tropospheric volcanic emissions from Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, based on observations of ozone and halogen-containing gases","docAbstract":"We report results from an observational and modeling study of reactive chemistry in the tropospheric plume emitted by Redoubt Volcano, Alaska. Our measurements include the first observations of Br and I degassing from an Alaskan volcano, the first study of O3 evolution in a volcanic plume, as well as the first detection of BrO in the plume of a passively degassing Alaskan volcano. This study also represents the first detailed spatially-resolved comparison of measured and modeled O3 depletion in a volcanic plume. The composition of the plume was measured on June 20, 2010 using base-treated filter packs (for F, Cl, Br, I, and S) at the crater rim and by an instrumented fixed-wing aircraft on June 21 and August 19, 2010. The aircraft was used to track the chemical evolution of the plume up to ~ 30 km downwind (2 h plume travel time) from the volcano and was equipped to make in situ observations of O3, water vapor, CO2, SO2, and H2S during both flights plus remote spectroscopic observations of SO2 and BrO on the August 19th flight. The airborne data from June 21 reveal rapid chemical O3 destruction in the plume as well as the strong influence chemical heterogeneity in background air had on plume composition. Spectroscopic retrievals from airborne traverses made under the plume on August 19 show that BrO was present ~ 6 km downwind (20 min plume travel time) and in situ measurements revealed several ppbv of O3 loss near the center of the plume at a similar location downwind. Simulations with the PlumeChem model reproduce the timing and magnitude of the observed O3 deficits and suggest that autocatalytic release of reactive bromine and in-plume formation of BrO were primarily responsible for the observed O3 destruction in the plume. The measurements are therefore in general agreement with recent model studies of reactive halogen formation in volcanic plumes, but also show that field studies must pay close attention to variations in the composition of ambient air entrained into volcanic plumes in order to unambiguously attribute observed O3 anomalies to specific chemical or dynamic processes. Our results suggest that volcanic eruptions in Alaska are sources of reactive halogen species to the subarctic troposphere.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.023","usgsCitation":"Werner, C.A., Kelly, P.J., Kern, C., Roberts, T., and Aluppe, A., 2013, Rapid chemical evolution of tropospheric volcanic emissions from Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, based on observations of ozone and halogen-containing gases: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 259, p. 317-333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.023.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"333","ipdsId":"IP-035796","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473392,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10447/99077","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Redoubt Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 59\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 62\n ],\n [\n -154,\n 59\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"259","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a9e4b0220bbd9d9fa8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Werner, Cynthia A. cwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":2540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Cynthia","email":"cwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kelly, Peter J. 0000-0002-3868-1046 pkelly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3868-1046","contributorId":5931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Peter","email":"pkelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Kern, Christoph 0000-0002-8920-5701 ckern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8920-5701","contributorId":3387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kern","given":"Christoph","email":"ckern@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Roberts, T.J.","contributorId":198344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roberts","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Aluppe, A.","contributorId":198341,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aluppe","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70192453,"text":"70192453 - 2013 - Magmatism, ash-flow tuffs, and calderas of the ignimbrite flareup in the western Nevada volcanic field, Great Basin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T13:12:44","indexId":"70192453","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Magmatism, ash-flow tuffs, and calderas of the ignimbrite flareup in the western Nevada volcanic field, Great Basin, USA","docAbstract":"The western Nevada volcanic field is the western third of a belt of calderas through Nevada and western Utah. Twenty-three calderas and their caldera-forming tuffs are reasonably well identified in the western Nevada volcanic field, and the presence of at least another 14 areally extensive, apparently voluminous ash-flow tuffs whose sources are unknown suggests a similar number of undiscovered calderas. Eruption and caldera collapse occurred between at least 34.4 and 23.3 Ma and clustered into five ∼0.5–2.7-Ma-long episodes separated by quiescent periods of ∼1.4 Ma. One eruption and caldera collapse occurred at 19.5 Ma. Intermediate to silicic lavas or shallow intrusions commonly preceded caldera-forming eruptions by 1–6 Ma in any specific area. Caldera-related as well as other magmatism migrated from northeast Nevada to the southwest through time, probably resulting from rollback of the formerly shallow-dipping Farallon slab. Calderas are restricted to the area northeast of what was to become the Walker Lane, although intermediate and effusive magmatism continued to migrate to the southwest across the future Walker Lane.
Most ash-flow tuffs in the western Nevada volcanic field are rhyolites, with approximately equal numbers of sparsely porphyritic (≤15% phenocrysts) and abundantly porphyritic (∼20–50% phenocrysts) tuffs. Both sparsely and abundantly porphyritic rhyolites commonly show compositional or petrographic evidence of zoning to trachydacites or dacites. At least four tuffs have volumes greater than 1000 km3, with one possibly as much as ∼3000 km3. However, the volumes of most tuffs are difficult to estimate, because many tuffs primarily filled their source calderas and/or flowed and were deposited in paleovalleys, and thus are irregularly distributed.
Channelization and westward flow of most tuffs in paleovalleys allowed them to travel great distances, many as much as ∼250 km (original distance) to what is now the western foothills of the Sierra Nevada, which was not a barrier to westward flow of ash flows at that time. At least three tuffs flowed eastward across a north-south paleodivide through central Nevada. That tuffs could flow significant distances apparently uphill raises questions about the absolute elevation of the region and the elevation, relief, and location of the paleodivide.
Calderas are equant to slightly elongate, at least 12 km in diameter, and as much as 35 km in longest dimension. Exceptional exposure of two caldera complexes that resulted from extensional faulting and tilting show that calderas subsided as much as 5 km as large piston-like blocks; caldera walls were vertical to steeply inward dipping to depths ≥4–5 km, and topographic walls formed by slumping of wall rock into the caldera were only slightly outboard (≤1 km) of structural margins.
Most calderas show abundant post-collapse magmatism expressed as resurgent intrusions, ring-fracture intrusions, or intracaldera lavas that are closely related temporally (∼0–0.5 Ma younger) to caldera formation. Granitoid intrusions, which were emplaced at paleodepths ranging from <1 to ∼7 km, are compositionally similar to both intracaldera ash-flow tuffs and post-caldera lavas. Therefore in the western Nevada volcanic field, erupted caldera-forming tuffs commonly were the upper parts of large magma chambers that retained considerable volumes of magma after tuff eruption.
Several calderas in the western Nevada volcanic field hosted large hydrothermal systems and underwent extensive hydrothermal alteration. Different types of hydrothermal systems (neutral-pH alkali-chloride and acid or low-pH magmatic-hydrothermal) may reflect proximity to (depth of) large resurgent intrusions. With the exception of the giant Round Mountain epithermal gold deposit, few known caldera-related hydrothermal systems are strongly mineralized. Major middle Cenozoic precious and base metal mineral deposits in and along the margins of the western Nevada volcanic field are mostly related to intrusive rocks that preceded caldera-forming eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geosphere","doi":"10.1130/GES00867.1","usgsCitation":"Christopher D. Henry, and John, D.A., 2013, Magmatism, ash-flow tuffs, and calderas of the ignimbrite flareup in the western Nevada volcanic field, Great Basin, USA: Geosphere, v. 9, no. 3, p. 951-1008, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES00867.1.","productDescription":"58 p.","startPage":"951","endPage":"1008","ipdsId":"IP-044884","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges00867.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -111.005859375,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 42.68243539838623\n ],\n [\n -122.4755859375,\n 34.59704151614417\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"9","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61029be4b06e28e9c25468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christopher D. Henry","contributorId":177561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christopher D. Henry","affiliations":[{"id":6689,"text":"Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"John, David A. 0000-0001-7977-9106 djohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7977-9106","contributorId":1748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"David","email":"djohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70190485,"text":"70190485 - 2013 - New microsatellite loci isolated via next-generation sequencing for two endangered pronghorn from the Sonoran Desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-05T09:14:56","indexId":"70190485","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1325,"text":"Conservation Genetics Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New microsatellite loci isolated via next-generation sequencing for two endangered pronghorn from the Sonoran Desert","docAbstract":"We isolated 16 novel microsatellite loci in two subspecies of endangered desert pronghorns (Antilocapra americana sonoriensis and Antilocapra americana peninsularis) using a shotgun pyrosequencing approach. All and 87.5 % of the loci were polymorphic within each subspecies, respectively. The mean number of alleles per locus was 4.86 (range 2–8) and 2.5 alleles per locus (range 1–4 alleles), and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.78 (mean 0.48) and 0.00 to 0.61 (mean 0.31), respectively. We did not find significant linkage disequilibrium among loci pairs and only one locus deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in peninsularis.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12686-012-9749-8","usgsCitation":"Munguia-Vega, A., Klimova, A., and Culver, M., 2013, New microsatellite loci isolated via next-generation sequencing for two endangered pronghorn from the Sonoran Desert: Conservation Genetics Resources, v. 5, no. 1, p. 125-127, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12686-012-9749-8.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"127","ipdsId":"IP-056778","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59afb79fe4b0e9bde135113f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munguia-Vega, Adrian","contributorId":56909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munguia-Vega","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klimova, Anastasia","contributorId":131029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klimova","given":"Anastasia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":709429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192301,"text":"70192301 - 2013 - Black bear density in Glacier National Park, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-26T09:57:40","indexId":"70192301","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Black bear density in Glacier National Park, Montana","docAbstract":"We report the first abundance and density estimates for American black bears (Ursus americanus) in Glacier National Park (NP),Montana, USA.We used data from 2 independent and concurrent noninvasive genetic sampling methods—hair traps and bear rubs—collected during 2004 to generate individual black bear encounter histories for use in closed population mark–recapture models. We improved the precision of our abundance estimate by using noninvasive genetic detection events to develop individual-level covariates of sampling effort within the full and one-half mean maximum distance moved (MMDM) from each bear’s estimated activity center to explain capture probability heterogeneity and inform our estimate of the effective sampling area.Models including the one-halfMMDMcovariate received overwhelming Akaike’s Information Criterion support suggesting that buffering our study area by this distance would be more appropriate than no buffer or the full MMDM buffer for estimating the effectively sampled area and thereby density. Our modelaveraged super-population abundance estimate was 603 (95% CI¼522–684) black bears for Glacier NP. Our black bear density estimate (11.4 bears/100 km2, 95% CI¼9.9–13.0) was consistent with published estimates for populations that are sympatric with grizzly bears (U. arctos) and without access to spawning salmonids. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wsb.356","usgsCitation":"Stetz, J.B., Kendall, K.C., and Macleod, A.C., 2013, Black bear density in Glacier National Park, Montana: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 38, no. 1, p. 60-70, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.356.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"60","endPage":"70","ipdsId":"IP-045361","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/bbe229248951484a85366b0798f527ef","text":"External Repository"},{"id":347347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.0543212890625,\n 49.001843917978526\n ],\n [\n -114.993896484375,\n 48.929717630629554\n ],\n [\n -114.884033203125,\n 48.89722676235673\n ],\n [\n -114.72473144531251,\n 48.8936153614802\n ],\n [\n -114.72473144531251,\n 48.79600890414036\n ],\n [\n -114.697265625,\n 48.72358515157852\n ],\n [\n -114.47753906249999,\n 48.56024979174329\n ],\n [\n -114.3182373046875,\n 48.46199462233164\n ],\n [\n -114.1644287109375,\n 48.46563710044979\n ],\n [\n -114.0216064453125,\n 48.50932644976633\n ],\n [\n -113.93920898437499,\n 48.50932644976633\n ],\n [\n -113.8128662109375,\n 48.44013426398058\n ],\n [\n -113.7744140625,\n 48.40367941865281\n ],\n [\n -113.69750976562499,\n 48.334343174592014\n ],\n [\n -113.65905761718749,\n 48.26491251331118\n ],\n [\n -113.521728515625,\n 48.25759852914997\n ],\n [\n -113.31298828125,\n 48.29781249243716\n ],\n [\n -113.258056640625,\n 48.425555463221066\n ],\n [\n -113.41735839843749,\n 48.69096039092549\n ],\n [\n -113.4283447265625,\n 48.73807825631017\n ],\n [\n -113.48876953125,\n 48.76343113791796\n ],\n [\n -113.62060546875,\n 48.94415123418794\n ],\n [\n -113.609619140625,\n 48.99463598353405\n ],\n [\n -115.0543212890625,\n 49.001843917978526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f1a2a9e4b0220bbd9d9fb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stetz, Jeff B.","contributorId":198142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stetz","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, Katherine C. 0000-0002-4831-2287 kkendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-2287","contributorId":3081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Katherine","email":"kkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macleod, Amy C.","contributorId":198141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Macleod","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70191710,"text":"70191710 - 2013 - Land surface phenology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T16:22:16","indexId":"70191710","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Land surface phenology","docAbstract":"Certain vegetation types (e.g., deciduous shrubs, deciduous trees, grasslands) have distinct life cycles marked by the growth and senescence of leaves and periods of enhanced photosynthetic activity. Where these types exist, recurring changes in foliage alter the reflectance of electromagnetic radiation from the land surface, which can be measured using remote sensors. The timing of these recurring changes in reflectance is called land surface phenology (LSP). During recent decades, a variety of methods have been used to derive LSP metrics from time series of reflectance measurements acquired by satellite-borne sensors. In contrast to conventional phenology observations, LSP metrics represent the timing of reflectance changes that are driven by the aggregate activity of vegetation within the areal unit measured by the satellite sensor and do not directly provide information about the phenology of individual plants, species, or their phenophases. Despite the generalized nature of satellite sensor-derived measurements, they have proven useful for studying changes in LSP associated with various phenomena. This chapter provides a detailed overview of the use of satellite remote sensing to monitor LSP. First, the theoretical basis for the application of satellite remote sensing to the study of vegetation phenology is presented. After establishing a theoretical foundation for LSP, methods of deriving and validating LSP metrics are discussed. This chapter concludes with a discussion of major research findings and current and future research directions.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biophysical Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-25047-7_4","usgsCitation":"Hanes, J.M., Li, L., and Morisette, J.T., 2013, Land surface phenology, chap. of Biophysical Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing, p. 99-125, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25047-7_4.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"125","ipdsId":"IP-045675","costCenters":[{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350346,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":346778,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-25047-7_4"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a61029be4b06e28e9c2546a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanes, Jonathan M.","contributorId":197289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanes","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, Li 0000-0002-1641-3710","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-3710","contributorId":197290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"Li","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":713137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffrey T. 0000-0002-0483-0082 morisettej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":307,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffrey","email":"morisettej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":477,"text":"North Central Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":713135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70192252,"text":"70192252 - 2013 - Thermal tolerance of meltwater stonefly Lednia tumana nymphs from an alpine stream in Waterton–Glacier International Peace Park, Montana, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T11:43:02","indexId":"70192252","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Thermal tolerance of meltwater stonefly Lednia tumana nymphs from an alpine stream in Waterton–Glacier International Peace Park, Montana, USA","title":"Thermal tolerance of meltwater stonefly Lednia tumana nymphs from an alpine stream in Waterton–Glacier International Peace Park, Montana, USA","docAbstract":"Global climate change threatens to affect negatively the structure, function, and diversity of aquatic ecosystems worldwide. In alpine systems, the thermal tolerances of stream invertebrates can be assessed to understand better the potential effects of rising ambient temperatures and continued loss of glaciers and snowpack on alpine stream ecosystems. We measured the critical thermal maximum (CTM) and lethal temperature maximum (LTM) of the meltwater stonefly (Lednia tumana), a species limited to glacial and snowmelt-driven alpine streams in the Waterton–Glacier International Peace Park area and a candidate for listing under the US Endangered Species Act. We collected L. tumana nymphs from Lunch Creek in Glacier National Park, Montana (USA) and transported them to a laboratory at the University of Montana Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana. We placed nymphs in a controlled water bath at 1 of 2 acclimation temperatures, 8.5 and 15°C. We increased water temperature at a constant rate of 0.3°C/min. We calculated the average CTM and LTM (± SD) for each acclimation temperature and compared them with Student’s t-tests. Predicted chronic temperature maxima were determined using the ⅓ rule. Mean LTMs were 32.3 ± 0.28°C and 31.05 ± 0.78°C in the 8.5 and 15°C acclimation treatments, respectively. CTM and LTM metrics were lower in the 15 than in the 8.5°C acclimation treatment, but these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The predicted chronic temperature maxima were 20.6 and 20.2°C for the 8.5 and 15°C acclimation treatments, respectively. More research is needed on the effects of chronic exposures to rising stream temperatures, but our results can be used to assess the potential effects of warming water temperatures on L. tumana and other aquatic macroinvertebrates in alpine ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1899/12-100.1","usgsCitation":"Billman, H.G., Giersch, J., Kappenman, K., Muhlfeld, C.C., and Webb, M.A., 2013, Thermal tolerance of meltwater stonefly Lednia tumana nymphs from an alpine stream in Waterton–Glacier International Peace Park, Montana, USA: Freshwater Science, v. 32, no. 2, p. 597-605, https://doi.org/10.1899/12-100.1.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"597","endPage":"605","ipdsId":"IP-041125","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347213,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Glacier National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.0433349609375,\n 49.01085236926213\n ],\n [\n -114.78515624999999,\n 48.75075629617738\n ],\n [\n -114.69177246093749,\n 48.75437800586312\n ],\n [\n -114.4061279296875,\n 48.45288728338137\n ],\n [\n -114.14794921874999,\n 48.39091404578957\n ],\n [\n -114.05456542968749,\n 48.01013769851873\n ],\n [\n -114.05456542968749,\n 47.892406101169264\n ],\n [\n -113.74969482421874,\n 47.83159592699297\n ],\n [\n -113.77166748046875,\n 47.52461999690651\n ],\n [\n -113.62335205078125,\n 47.42437092240519\n ],\n [\n -113.29925537109375,\n 47.22702939886733\n ],\n [\n -112.68127441406249,\n 47.336961408985005\n ],\n [\n -112.74719238281249,\n 47.83712707236855\n ],\n [\n -112.69226074218749,\n 48.04320138974932\n ],\n [\n -112.74169921874999,\n 48.07257353224749\n ],\n [\n -112.78564453124999,\n 48.10559716402152\n ],\n [\n -112.862548828125,\n 48.13126755117028\n ],\n [\n -112.91748046874999,\n 48.16058943132619\n ],\n [\n -112.92846679687499,\n 48.244796538712336\n ],\n [\n -113.25805664062499,\n 48.42737804207513\n ],\n [\n -113.4283447265625,\n 48.743512093586844\n ],\n [\n -113.6151123046875,\n 48.94595514118904\n ],\n [\n -113.6151123046875,\n 49.00724918431423\n ],\n [\n -115.0433349609375,\n 49.01085236926213\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"32","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05124e4b0220bbd9a1dbc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Billman, Hilary G.","contributorId":198075,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Billman","given":"Hilary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Giersch, J. Joseph 0000-0001-7818-3941 jgiersch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7818-3941","contributorId":4022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giersch","given":"J. Joseph","email":"jgiersch@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":715014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kappenman, K.M.","contributorId":13412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappenman","given":"K.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":715016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Muhlfeld, Clint C. 0000-0002-4599-4059 cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4059","contributorId":924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhlfeld","given":"Clint","email":"cmuhlfeld@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Webb, Molly A. H.","contributorId":152118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"A. H.","affiliations":[{"id":18870,"text":"Bozeman Fish Technology Center, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bozeman, Montana 59715","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":715017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":70190487,"text":"70190487 - 2013 - Localized extinction of an arboreal desert lizard caused by habitat fragmentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-05T08:57:05","indexId":"70190487","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Localized extinction of an arboreal desert lizard caused by habitat fragmentation","docAbstract":"We adopted a species’ perspective for predicting extinction risk in a small, endemic, and strictly scansorial lizard (Urosaurus nigricaudus), in an old (∼60 year) and highly fragmented (8% habitat remaining) agricultural landscape from the Sonoran Desert, Mexico. We genotyped 10 microsatellite loci in 280 individuals from 11 populations in fragmented and continuous habitat. Individual dispersal was restricted to less than 400 m, according to analyses of spatial autocorrelation and spatially explicit Bayesian assignment methods. Within this scale, continuous areas and narrow washes with native vegetation allowed high levels of gene flow over tens of kilometers. In the absence of the native vegetation, cleared areas and highways were identified as partial barriers. In contrast, outside the scale of dispersal, cleared areas behaved as complete barriers, and surveys corroborated the species went extinct after a few decades in all small (less than 45 ha), isolated habitat fragments. No evidence for significant loss of genetic diversity was found, but results suggested fragmentation increased the spatial scale of movements, relatedness, genetic structure, and potentially affected sex-biased dispersal. A plausible threshold of individual dispersal predicted only 23% of all fragments in the landscape were linked with migration from continuous habitat, while complete barriers isolated the majority of fragments. Our study suggested limited dispersal, coupled with an inability to use a homogeneous and hostile matrix without vegetation and shade, could result in frequent time-delayed extinctions of small ectotherms in highly fragmented desert landscapes, particularly considering an increase in the risk of overheating and a decrease in dispersal potential induced by global warming.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.026","usgsCitation":"Munguia-Vega, A., Rodriguez-Estrella, R., Shaw, W.W., and Culver, M., 2013, Localized extinction of an arboreal desert lizard caused by habitat fragmentation: Biological Conservation, v. 157, p. 11-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.026.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"20","ipdsId":"IP-058044","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473387,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10261/67400","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345449,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.0330810546875,\n 24.80169495167004\n ],\n [\n -111.324462890625,\n 24.80169495167004\n ],\n [\n -111.324462890625,\n 25.710836919640595\n ],\n [\n -112.0330810546875,\n 25.710836919640595\n ],\n [\n -112.0330810546875,\n 24.80169495167004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"157","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59afb79fe4b0e9bde135113d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Munguia-Vega, Adrian","contributorId":56909,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munguia-Vega","given":"Adrian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez-Estrella, Ricardo","contributorId":196143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rodriguez-Estrella","given":"Ricardo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaw, William W.","contributorId":196144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Culver, Melanie 0000-0001-5380-3059 mculver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5380-3059","contributorId":4327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culver","given":"Melanie","email":"mculver@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":127,"text":"Arizona Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192544,"text":"70192544 - 2013 - Vascular flora of saline lakes in the southern high plains of Texas and eastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-31T09:24:40","indexId":"70192544","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2535,"text":"Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vascular flora of saline lakes in the southern high plains of Texas and eastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"Saline lakes and freshwater playas form the principal surface hydrological feature of the High Plains of the Southern Great Plains. Saline lakes number less than 50 and historically functioned as discharge wetlands with relatively consistent water availability due to the presence of one or more springs. Currently, less than ten saline lakes contain functional springs. A survey of vascular plants at six saline lakes in the Southern High Plains of northwest Texas and one in eastern New Mexico during May and September 2009 resulted in a checklist of 49 species representing 16 families and 40 genera. The four families with the most species were Asteraceae (12), Amaranthaceae (8), Cyperaceae (5), and Poaceae (12). Non-native species (Bromus catharticus, Poa compressa, Polypogon monspeliensis, Sonchus oleraceus, Kochia scoparia, and Tamarix ramosissima) accounted for 10% of the total species recorded. Whereas nearly 350 species of vascular plants have been identified in playas in the Southern High Plains, saline lakes contain a fraction of this species richness. The Southern High Plains saline lake flora is regionally unique, containing taxa not found in playas, with species composition that is more similar to temperate desert wetlands of the Intermountain Region and Gulf Coastal Plain of North America.","language":"English","publisher":"The Botanical Research Institute of Texas","usgsCitation":"Rosen, D.J., Conway, W.C., Haukos, D.A., and Caskey, A.D., 2013, Vascular flora of saline lakes in the southern high plains of Texas and eastern New Mexico: Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas, v. 7, no. 1, p. 595-602.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"595","endPage":"602","ipdsId":"IP-040764","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":347795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/24621113"}],"country":"United 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dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":716159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caskey, Amber D.","contributorId":199096,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caskey","given":"Amber","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":718177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70192257,"text":"70192257 - 2013 - Re‐estimated effects of deep episodic slip on the occurrence and probability of great earthquakes in Cascadia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-24T11:10:17","indexId":"70192257","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re‐estimated effects of deep episodic slip on the occurrence and probability of great earthquakes in Cascadia","docAbstract":"Mazzotti and Adams (2004) estimated that rapid deep slip during typically two week long episodes beneath northern Washington and southern British Columbia increases the probability of a great Cascadia earthquake by 30–100 times relative to the probability during the ∼58 weeks between slip events. Because the corresponding absolute probability remains very low at ∼0.03% per week, their conclusion is that though it is more likely that a great earthquake will occur during a rapid slip event than during other times, a great earthquake is unlikely to occur during any particular rapid slip event. This previous estimate used a failure model in which great earthquakes initiate instantaneously at a stress threshold. We refine the estimate, assuming a delayed failure model that is based on laboratory‐observed earthquake initiation. Laboratory tests show that failure of intact rock in shear and the onset of rapid slip on pre‐existing faults do not occur at a threshold stress. Instead, slip onset is gradual and shows a damped response to stress and loading rate changes. The characteristic time of failure depends on loading rate and effective normal stress. Using this model, the probability enhancement during the period of rapid slip in Cascadia is negligible (<10%) for effective normal stresses of 10 MPa or more and only increases by 1.5 times for an effective normal stress of 1 MPa. We present arguments that the hypocentral effective normal stress exceeds 1 MPa. In addition, the probability enhancement due to rapid slip extends into the interevent period. With this delayed failure model for effective normal stresses greater than or equal to 50 kPa, it is more likely that a great earthquake will occur between the periods of rapid deep slip than during them. Our conclusion is that great earthquake occurrence is not significantly enhanced by episodic deep slip events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120022","usgsCitation":"Beeler, N.M., Roeloffs, E.A., and McCausland, W., 2013, Re‐estimated effects of deep episodic slip on the occurrence and probability of great earthquakes in Cascadia: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 1, p. 128-144, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120022.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"128","endPage":"144","ipdsId":"IP-030732","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":347207,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -133.41796874999997,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -116.89453125,\n 55.07836723201515\n ],\n [\n -133.41796874999997,\n 55.07836723201515\n ],\n [\n -133.41796874999997,\n 45.644768217751924\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"104","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59f05124e4b0220bbd9a1dba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeler, Nicholas M. 0000-0002-3397-8481 nbeeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-8481","contributorId":2682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeler","given":"Nicholas","email":"nbeeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roeloffs, Evelyn A. 0000-0002-4761-0469 evelynr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-0469","contributorId":2680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roeloffs","given":"Evelyn","email":"evelynr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCausland, Wendy wmccausland@usgs.gov","contributorId":5497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCausland","given":"Wendy","email":"wmccausland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":715032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70192034,"text":"70192034 - 2013 - 4D petroleum system model of the Mississippian System in the Anadarko Basin Province, Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, and Colorado, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-08T13:10:38","indexId":"70192034","displayToPublicDate":"2013-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2789,"text":"Mountain Geologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"4D petroleum system model of the Mississippian System in the Anadarko Basin Province, Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, and Colorado, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian Woodford Shale is an important petroleum source rock for Mississippian reservoirs in the Anadarko Basin Province of Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas, and Colorado, based on results from a 4D petroleum system model of the basin. The Woodford Shale underlies Mississippian strata over most of the Anadarko Basin portions of Oklahoma and northeastern Texas. The Kansas and Colorado portions of the province are almost entirely thermally immature for oil generation from the Woodford Shale or potential Mississippian source rocks, based mainly on measured vitrinite reflectance and modeled thermal maturation. Thermal maturities of the Woodford Shale range from mature for oil to overmature for gas generation at present-day depths of about 5,000 to 20,000 ft. Oil generation began at burial depths of about 6,000 to 6,500 ft. Modeled onset of Woodford Shale oil generation was about 330 million years ago (Ma); peak oil generation was from 300 to 220 Ma.
Mississippian production, including horizontal wells of the informal Mississippi limestone, is concentrated within and north of the Sooner Trend area in the northeast Oklahoma portion of the basin. This large pod of oil and gas production is within the area modeled as thermally mature for oil generation from the Woodford Shale. The southern boundary of the trend approximates the 99% transformation ratio of the Woodford Shale, which marks the end of oil generation. Because most of the Sooner Trend area is thermally mature for oil generation from the Woodford Shale, the trend probably includes short- and longer-distance vertical and lateral migration. The Woodford Shale is absent in the Mocane-Laverne Field area of the eastern Oklahoma panhandle; because of this, associated oil migrated from the south into the field. If the Springer Formation or deeper Mississippian strata generated oil, then the southern field area is within the oil window for associated petroleum source rocks. Mississippian fields along the western boundary of the study area were supplied by oil that flowed northward from the Panhandle Field area and westward from the deep basin.
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","language":"English","publisher":"Highwire Press","doi":"10.2475/10.2013.03","usgsCitation":"Kunk, M.J., Walsh, G.J., Growdon, M.L., and Wintsch, R.P., 2013, Telescoping metamorphic isograds: Evidence from 40Ar/39A dating in the Orange-Milford belt, southern Connecticut: American Journal of Science, v. 313, no. 10, p. 1017-1053, https://doi.org/10.2475/10.2013.03.","productDescription":"37 p.","startPage":"1017","endPage":"1053","ipdsId":"IP-036745","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473390,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/10.2013.03","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":342489,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","otherGeospatial":"Orange-Milford 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