{"pageNumber":"1387","pageRowStart":"34650","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40884,"records":[{"id":70186441,"text":"70186441 - 1992 - Change-in-ratio methods for estimating population size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-01T11:04:55","indexId":"70186441","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Change-in-ratio methods for estimating population size","docAbstract":"<p><span>Change-in-ratio (CIR) methods can provide an effective, low cost approach for estimating the size of wildlife populations. They rely on being able to observe changes in proportions of population subclasses that result from the removal of a known number of individuals from the population. These methods were first introduced in the 1940’s to estimate the size of populations with 2 subclasses under the assumption of equal subclass encounter probabilities. Over the next 40 years, closed population CIR models were developed to consider additional subclasses and use additional sampling periods. Models with assumptions about how encounter probabilities vary over time, rather than between subclasses, also received some attention. Recently, all of these CIR models have been shown to be special cases of a more general model. Under the general model, information from additional samples can be used to test assumptions about the encounter probabilities and to provide estimates of subclass sizes under relaxations of these assumptions. These developments have greatly extended the applicability of the methods. CIR methods are attractive because they do not require the marking of individuals, and subclass proportions often can be estimated with relatively simple sampling procedures. However, CIR methods require a carefully monitored removal of individuals from the population, and the estimates will be of poor quality unless the removals induce substantial changes in subclass proportions. In this paper, we review the state of the art for closed population estimation with CIR methods. Our emphasis is on the assumptions of CIR methods and on identifying situations where these methods are likely to be effective. We also identify some important areas for future CIR research.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2001: Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"978-94-011-2868-1","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., and Pollock, K.H., 1992, Change-in-ratio methods for estimating population size, chap. <i>of</i> Wildlife 2001: Populations, p. 90-101.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356080,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-2868-1_9"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b3e4b09da6799977a1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCullough, Dale R.","contributorId":113841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688473,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, Reginald H.","contributorId":48261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688474,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70185460,"text":"70185460 - 1992 - Reply to comment by G. de Marsily, P. Combes, and P. Goblet on \"Ground-water models cannot be validated\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:09:28","indexId":"70185460","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment by G. de Marsily, P. Combes, and P. Goblet on \"Ground-water models cannot be validated\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(92)90004-L","usgsCitation":"Bredehoeft, J., and Konikow, L.F., 1992, Reply to comment by G. de Marsily, P. Combes, and P. Goblet on \"Ground-water models cannot be validated\": Advances in Water Resources, v. 15, no. 6, p. 371-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(92)90004-L.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"371","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016786,"text":"70016786 - 1992 - Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016786","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1177,"text":"Canadian Mineralogist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body","docAbstract":"The early Paleozoic Salt Chuck intrusion has petrographic and chemical characteristics that are similar to those of Cretaceous Alaskan-type ultramafic-mafic bodies. The intrusion is markedly discordant to the structure of the early Paleozoic Descon Formation, in which it has produced a rather indistinct contact aureole a few meters wide. Mineral assemblages, sequence of crystallization, and mineral chemistry suggest that the intrusion crystallized under low pressures (~2 kbar) with oxidation conditions near those of the NNO buffer, from a hydrous, silica-saturated, orthopyroxene-normative parental magma. The Salt Chuck deposit was probably formed by a two-stage process: 1) a stage of magmatic crystallization in which the sulfides and PGE accumulated in a disseminated manner in cumulus deposits, possibly largely in the gabbro, and 2) a later magmatic-hydrothermal stage during which the sulfides and PGE were remobilized and concentrated in veins and fracture-fillings. In this model, the source of the sulfides and PGE was the magma that produced the Salt Chuck intrusion. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Mineralogist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00084476","usgsCitation":"Loney, R.A., and Himmelberg, G.R., 1992, Petrogenesis of the Pd-rich intrusion at Salt Chuck, Prince of Wales island: an early Paleozoic Alaskan-type ultramafic body: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 30, no. 4, p. 1005-1022.","startPage":"1005","endPage":"1022","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225131,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7783e4b0c8380cd784f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Loney, R. A.","contributorId":90757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loney","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelberg, G. R.","contributorId":27106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelberg","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70168525,"text":"70168525 - 1992 - The October 1992 Parkfield, California, earthquake prediction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-13T15:34:34","indexId":"70168525","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The October 1992 Parkfield, California, earthquake prediction","docAbstract":"<p>A magnitude 4.7 earthquake occurred near Parkfield, California, on October 20, 992, at 05:28 UTC (October 19 at 10:28 p.m. local or Pacific Daylight Time).This moderate shock, interpreted as the potential foreshock of a damaging earthquake on the San Andreas fault, triggered long-standing federal, state and local government plans to issue a public warning of an imminent magnitude 6 earthquake near Parkfield. Although the predicted earthquake did not take place, sophisticated suites of instruments deployed as part of the Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment recorded valuable data associated with an unusual series of events. this article describes the geological aspects of these events, which occurred near Parkfield in October 1992. The accompnaying article, an edited version of a press conference b Richard Andrews, the Director of the California Office of Emergency Service (OES), describes governmental response to the prediction. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J., 1992, The October 1992 Parkfield, California, earthquake prediction: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 23, no. 4, p. 160-169.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n             -120.585250854,\n              36.02078061497173\n            ],\n            [\n             -120.526885986,\n              36.03577394783581\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.236434937,\n              35.721987809328716\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.277633667,\n              35.70414710206052\n            ],\n            [\n             -120.585250854,\n              36.02078061497173\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c6f94ce4b0946c65240763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":85646,"text":"85646 - 1992 - A stochastic population model of mid-continental mallards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:01","indexId":"85646","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"A stochastic population model of mid-continental mallards","largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2001: Populations","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science Publishers, Ltd.","publisherLocation":"London, UK","usgsCitation":"Koford, R.R., Sauer, J., Johnson, D.H., Nichols, J., and Samuel, M., 1992, A stochastic population model of mid-continental mallards, p. 170-181.","productDescription":"p. 170-181","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a62a5","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCullough, D.R.","contributorId":112162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504632,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, R.H.","contributorId":80603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504631,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Koford, Rolf R.","contributorId":16347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koford","given":"Rolf","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70016835,"text":"70016835 - 1992 - Riparian vegetation recovery patterns following stream channelization: A geomorphic perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T14:32:33.327016","indexId":"70016835","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian vegetation recovery patterns following stream channelization: A geomorphic perspective","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hundreds of kilometres of West Tennessee streams have been channelized since the turn of the century. After a stream is straightened, dredged, or cleared, basinwide ecologic, hydrologic, and geomorphic processes bring about an integrated, characteristic recovery sequence. The rapid pace of channel responses to channelization provides an opportunity to document and interpret vegetation recovery patterns relative to otherwise long—term, concomitant evolution of river geomorphology. Nearly 150 sites along 15 streams were studied in the Obion, Forked Deer, Hatchie, and Wolf River basins. Channels of these streams, except that of the Hatchie River main stem, have undergone major modifications along all or parts of their courses. This paper presents the eco—geomorphic analyses and interpretation of a large multidisciplinary study, with special reference to their interrelated hydrogeomorphic aspects of channel recovery. Quantitative plant ecological analyses were conducted to infer relative bank stability, to identify indicator recovery species, and to determine patterns of vegetation development through the course of accelerated channel evolution. Binary—discriminant and ordination analyses show that distinctive riparian—species patterns reflect a six—stage model of channel evolution and can be used to infer channel stability and hydrogeomorphic conditions. Woody vegetation initially establishes on low— and mid—bank surfaces at the same location and time that bank accretion begins, and corresponds to the site of initial geomorphic restabilization. The linkage of channel bed aggradation, woody vegetation establishment, and bank accretion all lead to recovery of the channel. Pioneer species are hardy and fast growing, and can tolerate moderate amounts of slope instability and sediment deposition; these species include river birch (Betula nigra), black willow (Salix nigra), boxelder (Acer negundo), and silver maple (Acer saccharinum). High stem densities and root—mass development appear to enhance bank stability. Tree—ring analyses suggest that on average 65 yr may be required for recovery after channelization.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940670","usgsCitation":"Hupp, C.R., 1992, Riparian vegetation recovery patterns following stream channelization: A geomorphic perspective: Ecology, v. 73, no. 4, p. 1209-1226, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940670.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1209","endPage":"1226","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225034,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aad80e4b0c8380cd86ef6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hupp, Cliff R. 0000-0003-1853-9197 crhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":2344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Cliff","email":"crhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1001338,"text":"1001338 - 1992 - Influence of age and selected environmental factors on reproductive performance of canvasbacks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T11:07:46","indexId":"1001338","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of age and selected environmental factors on reproductive performance of canvasbacks","docAbstract":"Age, productivity, and other factors affecting breeding performance of canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) are poorly understood. Consequently, we tested whether reproductive performance of female canvasbacks varied with age and selected environmental factors in southwestern Manitoba from 1974 to 1980. Neither clutch size, nest parasitism, nest success, nor the number of ducklings/brood varied with age. Return rates, nest initiation dates, renesting, and hen success were age-related. Return rates averaged 21% for second-year (SY) and 69% for after-second-year (ASY) females (58% for third-year and 79% for after-third-year females). Additionally, water conditions and spring temperatures influenced chronology of arrival, timing of nesting, and reproductive success. Nest initiation by birds of all ages was affected by minimum April temperatures. Clutch size was higher in nests initiated earlier. Interspecific nest parasitism did not affect clutch size, nest success, hen success, or hatching success. Nest success was lower in dry years (17%) than in moderately wet (54%) or wet (60%) years. Nests per female were highest during wet years. No nests of SY females were found in dry years. In years of moderate to good wetland conditions, females of all ages nested. Predation was the primary factor influencing nest success. Hen success averaged 58% over all years. The number of ducklings surviving 20 days averaged 4.7/brood. Because SY females have lower return rates and hen success than ASY females, especially during drier years, management to increase canvasback populations might best be directed to increasing first year recruitment (no. of females returning to breed) and to increasing overall breeding success by reducing predation and enhancing local habitat conditions during nesting.","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3808871","usgsCitation":"Serie, J.R., Trauger, D.L., and Austin, J.E., 1992, Influence of age and selected environmental factors on reproductive performance of canvasbacks: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 56, no. 3, p. 546-556, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808871.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"546","endPage":"556","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db672035","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Serie, Jerome R.","contributorId":174564,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Serie","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trauger, David L.","contributorId":107682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trauger","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Austin, Jane E. jaustin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Austin","given":"Jane","email":"jaustin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":310896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197192,"text":"70197192 - 1992 - A quantitative link among mineral deposit modeling, geoscience mapping, and exploration-resource assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T15:49:15","indexId":"70197192","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A quantitative link among mineral deposit modeling, geoscience mapping, and exploration-resource assessment","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.1.194","usgsCitation":"Chung, C.F., Jefferson, C.W., and Singer, D., 1992, A quantitative link among mineral deposit modeling, geoscience mapping, and exploration-resource assessment: Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 1, p. 194-197, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.1.194.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"197","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354368,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15a55de4b092d9651e22cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chung, C. F.","contributorId":205051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chung","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jefferson, C. W.","contributorId":205052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jefferson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, D.A.","contributorId":69128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1000741,"text":"1000741 - 1992 - Bluegill growth as modified by plant density: an exploration of underlying mechanisms","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-11T16:17:47","indexId":"1000741","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bluegill growth as modified by plant density: an exploration of underlying mechanisms","docAbstract":"Bluegill (<i>Lepomis macrochira</i>) growth varies inconsistently with plant density.  In laboratory and field experiments, we explored mechanisms underlying bluegill growth as a function of plant and invertebrate density.  In the laboratory, bluegills captured more chironomids (<i>Chironomus riparius</i>) than damselflies (<i>Enallagma</i> spp. and <i>Ischnura</i> spp.), but energy intake per time spent searching did not differ between damselfly and chironomid treatments.  From laboratory data, we described prey encounter rates as functions of plant and invertebrate density.  In Clark Lake, Ohio, we created 0.05-ha mesocosms of inshore vegetation to generate macrophyte densities of 125, 270, and 385 stems/m<sup>2</sup> of <i>Potamogeton</i> and <i>Ceratophyllum</i> and added 46-mm bluegill (1/m<sup>2</sup>).  In these mesocosms, invertebrate density increased as a function of macrophyte density.  Combining this function with encounter rate functions derived from laboratory data, we predicted that bluegill growth should peak at a high macrophyte density, greater than 1000 stems/m<sup>2</sup>, even though growth should change only slightly beyond 100 stems/m<sup>2</sup>.  Consistent with our predictions, bluegills did not grow differentially, nor did their use of different prey taxa differ, across macrophyte densities in the field.  Bluegills preferred chironomid pupae, which were relatively few in numbers but vulnerable to predation, whereas more cryptic, chironomid larvae, which were associated with vegetation but were relatively abundant, were eaten as encountered. Bluegill avoided physid snails. Contrary to previous work, vegetation did not influence growth or diet of bluegill beyond relatively low densities owing to the interaction between capture probabilities and macroinvertebrate densities.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/BF00317212","usgsCitation":"Savino, J.F., Marschall, E.A., and Stein, R., 1992, Bluegill growth as modified by plant density: an exploration of underlying mechanisms: Oecologia, v. 89, no. 2, p. 153-160, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317212.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1811/37963","text":"External Repository"},{"id":267253,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317212"},{"id":132918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a01e4b07f02db5f802f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savino, Jacqueline F. jsavino@usgs.gov","contributorId":2213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savino","given":"Jacqueline","email":"jsavino@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":309295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marschall, Elizabeth A.","contributorId":41388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marschall","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stein, Roy A.","contributorId":21494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Roy A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70197193,"text":"70197193 - 1992 - Predicting sizes of undiscovered mineral deposits; an example using mercury deposits in California ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-21T16:24:15","indexId":"70197193","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting sizes of undiscovered mineral deposits; an example using mercury deposits in California ","docAbstract":"<p>A critical part of the exploration for mineral deposits or of quantitative mineral resource assessments is the estimation of how large undiscoveredeposits might be. Typically, this problem is addressed using grade and tonnage models in which a major source of variation in possible sizes is accounted for by the differences in types of deposits (Cox and Singer, 1986; Mosier and Page, 1988; Bliss, 1992). It is clear from studies of petroleum exploration that larger oil fields tend to be found early in the process (Arps and Roberts, 1958). If the same behavior exists in mineral exploration, then tonnage models constructed from local data may be biased estimators of the tonnages of any remaining undiscoveredeposits in the area. Although Singer and Mosier (1981) showed that larger porphyry copper deposits should be found earlier than smaller deposits in a given geologic and exploration environment, there are no definitive studies that we could find which actually test the hypothesis that larger mineral deposits are discovered early in the exploration of a region.</p><p>In this paper the hypothesis that larger mineral deposits are discovered early in the exploration of a region is tested by examining the relationship between discovery order and size of known mercury deposits in the California Coast Ranges. We then present a new maximum likelihood approach to modeling the size distribution of undiscovered mineral deposits by examining the sizes of the mercury deposits discovered early in the exploration process.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.87.4.1174","usgsCitation":"Chung, C.F., Singer, D.A., and Menzie, W.D., 1992, Predicting sizes of undiscovered mineral deposits; an example using mercury deposits in California : Economic Geology, v. 87, no. 4, p. 1174-1179, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.87.4.1174.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1174","endPage":"1179","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":354369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1992-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b15a55de4b092d9651e22cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chung, C. F.","contributorId":205051,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chung","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":735961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Singer, Donald A. dsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":5601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"Donald","email":"dsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":735962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menzie, W. David","contributorId":15645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":735963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016929,"text":"70016929 - 1992 - Hydraulic roughness of earth covers at a cold-desert waste burial site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-16T16:14:28","indexId":"70016929","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":905,"text":"Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic roughness of earth covers at a cold-desert waste burial site","docAbstract":"A kinematic wave model of overland flow was used to calculate hydraulic roughness coefficients for earth covers and native hillslope surfaces at a waste burial site. Manning's n roughness coefficients were greater on earth cover plots planted to crested wheatgrass (n = 0.076) than on those planted to streambank wheatgrass (n = 0.030). Mound and intermound microtopography strongly influenced overland flow geometry on the bare native hillslope plots resulting in low apparent roughness values (n = 0.013). Time-related changes in hydraulic roughness appeared to be caused by development of a rain-induced crust on exposed soil surfaces that reduced infiltration and increased plot smoothness. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1080/15324989209381327","usgsCitation":"Goff, B., Bent, G., and Hart, G., 1992, Hydraulic roughness of earth covers at a cold-desert waste burial site: Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, v. 6, no. 4, p. 327-338, https://doi.org/10.1080/15324989209381327.","startPage":"327","endPage":"338","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265776,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15324989209381327"}],"volume":"6","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a32ffe4b0c8380cd5ec42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goff, B.F.","contributorId":101820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goff","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bent, G.C.","contributorId":81645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bent","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, G.E.","contributorId":38292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"G.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016314,"text":"70016314 - 1992 - Development of spatial data guidelines and standards: spatial data set documentation to support hydrologic analysis in the U.S. Geological Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:41","indexId":"70016314","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of spatial data guidelines and standards: spatial data set documentation to support hydrologic analysis in the U.S. Geological Survey","docAbstract":"Spatial data analysis has become an integral component in many surface and sub-surface hydrologic investigations within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Currently, one of the largest costs in applying spatial data analysis is the cost of developing the needed spatial data. Therefore, guidelines and standards are required for the development of spatial data in order to allow for data sharing and reuse; this eliminates costly redevelopment. In order to attain this goal, the USGS is expanding efforts to identify guidelines and standards for the development of spatial data for hydrologic analysis. Because of the variety of project and database needs, the USGS has concentrated on developing standards for documenting spatial sets to aid in the assessment of data set quality and compatibility of different data sets. An interim data set documentation standard (1990) has been developed that provides a mechanism for associating a wide variety of information with a data set, including data about source material, data automation and editing procedures used, projection parameters, data statistics, descriptions of features and feature attributes, information on organizational contacts lists of operations performed on the data, and free-form comments and notes about the data, made at various times in the evolution of the data set. The interim data set documentation standard has been automated using a commercial geographic information system (GIS) and data set documentation software developed by the USGS. Where possible, USGS developed software is used to enter data into the data set documentation file automatically. The GIS software closely associates a data set with its data set documentation file; the documentation file is retained with the data set whenever it is modified, copied, or transferred to another computer system. The Water Resources Division of the USGS is continuing to develop spatial data and data processing standards, with emphasis on standards needed to support hydrologic analysis, hydrologic data processing, and publication of hydrologic thermatic maps. There is a need for the GIS vendor community to develop data set documentation tools similar to those developed by the USGS, or to incorporate USGS developed tools in their software.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Mapping and Geographic Information Systems","conferenceDate":"21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Fulton, J.L., 1992, Development of spatial data guidelines and standards: spatial data set documentation to support hydrologic analysis in the U.S. Geological Survey, <i>in</i> ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1126, San Francisco, CA, USA, 21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990, p. 30-37.","startPage":"30","endPage":"37","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223416,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1126","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0064e4b0c8380cd4f739","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, James L.","contributorId":103798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016924,"text":"70016924 - 1992 - Sampling design for spatially distributed hydrogeologic and environmental processes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-01T17:25:04.145988","indexId":"70016924","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sampling design for spatially distributed hydrogeologic and environmental processes","docAbstract":"<p><span>A methodology for the design of sampling networks over space is proposed. The methodology is based on spatial random field representations of nonhomogeneous natural processes, and on optimal spatial estimation techniques. One of the most important results of random field theory for physical sciences is its rationalization of correlations in spatial variability of natural processes. This correlation is extremely important both for interpreting spatially distributed observations and for predictive performance. The extent of site sampling and the types of data to be collected will depend on the relationship of subsurface variability to predictive uncertainty. While hypothesis formulation and initial identification of spatial variability characteristics are based on scientific understanding (such as knowledge of the physics of the underlying phenomena, geological interpretations, intuition and experience), the support offered by field data is statistically modelled. This model is not limited by the geometric nature of sampling and covers a wide range in subsurface uncertainties. A factorization scheme of the sampling error variance is derived, which possesses certain atttactive properties allowing significant savings in computations. By means of this scheme, a practical sampling design procedure providing suitable indices of the sampling error variance is established. These indices can be used by way of multiobjective decision criteria to obtain the best sampling strategy. Neither the actual implementation of the in-situ sampling nor the solution of the large spatial estimation systems of equations are necessary. The required values of the accuracy parameters involved in the network design are derived using reference charts (readily available for various combinations of data configurations and spatial variability parameters) and certain simple yet accurate analytical formulas. Insight is gained by applying the proposed sampling procedure to realistic examples related to sampling problems in two dimensions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(92)90008-P","usgsCitation":"Christakos, G., and Olea, R., 1992, Sampling design for spatially distributed hydrogeologic and environmental processes: Advances in Water Resources, v. 15, no. 4, p. 219-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(92)90008-P.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"219","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224858,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ab079e4b0c8380cd87b19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christakos, G.","contributorId":87685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christakos","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017037,"text":"70017037 - 1992 - The Northeast Kingdom batholith, Vermont: magmatic evolution and geochemical constraints on the origin of Acadian granitic rocks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70017037","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Northeast Kingdom batholith, Vermont: magmatic evolution and geochemical constraints on the origin of Acadian granitic rocks","docAbstract":"Five Devonian plutons (West Charleston, Echo Pond, Nulhegan, Derby, and Willoughby) that constitute the Northeast Kingdom batholith in Vermont show wide ranges in elemental abundances and ratios consistent with major crustal contributions during their evolution. The batholith consists of metaluminous quartz gabbro, diorite and quartz monzodiorite, peraluminous granodiorite and granite, and strongly peraluminous leucogranite. Contents of major elements vary systematically with increasingSiO<2 (48 to 77 wt.%). The batholith has calc-alkaline features, for example a Peacock index of 57, and values for K<2O/Na2O (<1), K/Rb (60-350), Zr/Hf (30-50), Nb/Ta (2-22), Hf/Ta (up to 10), and Rb/Zr (<2) in the range of plutonic rocks found in continental magmatic ares. Wide diversity and high values of minor- and trace-element ratios, including Th/Ta (0.5-22), Th/Yb (0-27), Ba/La (0-80), etc., are attributed to intracrustal contributions. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of metaluminous and relatively mafic intrusives have slightly negative slopes (La/Ybcn<10) and negative Eu anomalies are small orabsent. The metaluminous to peraluminous inter-mediate plutons are relatively enriched in the light REE (La/Ybcn>40) and have small negative Eu anomalies. The strongly peraluminous Willoughby leucogranite has unique trace-element abundances and ratios relative to the rest of the batholith, including low contents of Hf, Zr, Sr, and Ba, low values of K/Rb (80-164), Th/Ta (<9), Rb/Cs (7-40), K/Cs (0.1-0.5), Ce/Pb (0.5-4), high values of Rb/Sr (1-18) low to moderate REE contents and light-REE enriched patterns (with small negative Eu anomalies). Flat REE patterns (with large negative Eu anomalies) are found in a small, hydrothermally-altered area characterized by high abundances of Sn (up to 26 ppm), Rb (up to 670 ppm), Li (up to 310 ppm), Ta (up to 13.1 ppm), and U (up to 10 ppm). There is no single mixing trend, fractional crystallization assemblage, or assimilationscheme that accounts for all trace elementvariations from quartz gabbro to granite in the Northeast Kingdom batholith. The plutons originated by mixing mantle-derived components and crustal melts generated at different levels in the heterogeneous lithosphere in a continental collisional environment. Hybrid rocks in the batholith evolved by fractional crystallization and assimilation of country rocks (<50% by mass), and some of the leucogranitic rocks were subsequently disturbed by a mild hydrothermal event that resulted in the deposition of small amounts of sulfide minerals. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00296574","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Ayuso, R., and Arth, J.G., 1992, The Northeast Kingdom batholith, Vermont: magmatic evolution and geochemical constraints on the origin of Acadian granitic rocks: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 111, no. 1, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00296574.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205599,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296574"},{"id":225094,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba85de4b08c986b321b92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ayuso, R. A. 0000-0002-8496-9534","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8496-9534","contributorId":27079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayuso","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016635,"text":"70016635 - 1992 - Selenium and sulfur relationships in alfalfa and soil under field conditions, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-29T23:07:08.31878","indexId":"70016635","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium and sulfur relationships in alfalfa and soil under field conditions, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Relationships between total Se and S or soluble SeO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in soils and tissue concentrations in alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i><span>&nbsp;</span>L.), under field conditions in the San Joaquin Valley of California, suggest that the rate of accumulation of Se in alfalfa may be reduced in areas where high Se and S concentrations in soils were measured. These data suggest that the balance between carbonate and sulfate minerals in soil may have a greater influence on uptake of Se by alfalfa than does the balance of SeO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and SO<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>in soil solution. Soil and alfalfa were sampled from areas representing a wide range in soil Se and S concentrations. Specific sampling locations were selected based on a previous study of Se, S, and other elements where 721 soil samples were collected to map landscape variability and distribution of elements. Six multiple-linear regression equations were developed between total and/or soluble soil chemical constituents and tissue concentrations of Se in alfalfa. We chose a regression model that accounted for 72% of the variability in alfalfa Se concentrations based on an association of elements in soil (total C, S, Se, and Sr) determined by factor analysis. To prepare a map showing the spatial distribution of estimated alfalfa Se concentrations, the model was applied to the data from the previously collected 721 soil samples. Estimated alfalfa Se concentrations in most of the study area were within a range that is predicted to produce alfalfa with neither Se deficiency nor toxicity when consumed by livestock. A few small areas are predicted to produce alfalfa that potentially would not meet minimum dietary needs of livestock.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100030008x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Severson, R.C., and Gough, L.P., 1992, Selenium and sulfur relationships in alfalfa and soil under field conditions, San Joaquin Valley, California: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 21, no. 3, p. 353-358, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1992.00472425002100030008x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"353","endPage":"358","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225218,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cede4b08c986b3181b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Severson, R. C.","contributorId":46498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Severson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016922,"text":"70016922 - 1992 - Comparison of three newton-like nonlinear least-squares methods for estimating parameters of ground-water flow models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016922","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Comparison of three newton-like nonlinear least-squares methods for estimating parameters of ground-water flow models","docAbstract":"Three methods of solving nonlinear least-squares problems were compared for robustness and efficiency using a series of hypothetical and field problems. A modified Gauss-Newton/full Newton hybrid method (MGN/FN) and an analogous method for which part of the Hessian matrix was replaced by a quasi-Newton approximation (MGN/QN) solved some of the problems with appreciably fewer iterations than required using only a modified Gauss-Newton (MGN) method. In these problems, model nonlinearity and a large variance for the observed data apparently caused MGN to converge more slowly than MGN/FN or MGN/QN after the sum of squared errors had almost stabilized. Other problems were solved as efficiently with MGN as with MGN/FN or MGN/QN. Because MGN/FN can require significantly more computer time per iteration and more computer storage for transient problems, it is less attractive for a general purpose algorithm than MGN/QN.","largerWorkTitle":"Finite Elements in Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources","conferenceDate":"1 June 1992 through 1 June 1992","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Computational Mechanics Publ","publisherLocation":"Southampton, United Kingdom","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R., and Hill, M.C., 1992, Comparison of three newton-like nonlinear least-squares methods for estimating parameters of ground-water flow models, <i>in</i> Finite Elements in Water Resources, Proceedings of the International Conference, v. 1, Denver, CO, USA, 1 June 1992 through 1 June 1992, p. 379-386.","startPage":"379","endPage":"386","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224810,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8b3e4b0c8380cd4d238","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, R.L.","contributorId":9272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, M. C.","contributorId":48993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016337,"text":"70016337 - 1992 - Radiocarbon dating of groundwater in a confined aquifer in southeast Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-16T15:46:31.702555","indexId":"70016337","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3225,"text":"Radiocarbon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon dating of groundwater in a confined aquifer in southeast Arizona","docAbstract":"<p><span>Radiocarbon, δ</span><span class=\"sup\">13</span><span>C and major-element data were used to construct a geochemical framework for interpretation of the hydrological flow system in the lower San Pedro basin, southeastern Arizona, USA. The&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C and major-element data show a regional confined aquifer that extends throughout most of the basin. Groundwater ages, after correcting for chemistry, are greater than 10 ka bp. The groundwater ages do not increase in a downvalley direction, the assumed direction of groundwater movement in most intermontane basins in the region, but along general flow paths normal to the mountains toward the center of the basin. Recharge to the confined aquifer originates from infiltration of precipitation and runoff near the alluvium-mountain contact along the Galiuro Mountains and is discharged by evapotranspiration along the center of the basin. The hydrogeological concept of the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C model is supported by the water chemistry and by the mass transfer defined by the chemical model. Weathering of primary silicate minerals in the confined aquifer does not occur downvalley, but only along the direction of flow. Hydraulic conductivities calculated for the aquifer from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"sup\">14</span><span>C velocities are about an order of magnitude slower than those determined through hydrological methods. The lower hydraulic-conductivity values are attributed to a thick confining layer overlying the discharge area along the San Pedro River.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0033822200063955","issn":"00338222","usgsCitation":"Robertson, F.N., 1992, Radiocarbon dating of groundwater in a confined aquifer in southeast Arizona: Radiocarbon, v. 34, no. 3, p. 664-676, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200063955.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"664","endPage":"676","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492437,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200063955","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":223007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"34","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93e0e4b0c8380cd810a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, F. N.","contributorId":66737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016728,"text":"70016728 - 1992 - Geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer: Effect of sediment mineralogy and particle size on the sorption of chlorobenzenes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016728","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer: Effect of sediment mineralogy and particle size on the sorption of chlorobenzenes","docAbstract":"The effect of particle size, mineralogy and sediment organic carbon (SOC) on solution of tetrachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene was evaluated using batch-isotherm experiments on sediment particle-size and mineralogical fractions from a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Concentration of SOC and sorption of chlorobenzenes increase with decreasing particle size. For a given particle size, the magnetic fraction has a higher SOC content and sorption capacity than the bulk or non-magnetic fractions. Sorption appears to be controlled by the magnetic minerals, which comprise only 5-25% of the bulk sediment. Although SOC content of the bulk sediment is < 0.1%, the observed sorption of chlorobenzenes is consistent with a partition mechanism and is adequately predicted by models relating sorption to the octanol/water partition coefficient of the solute and SOC content. A conceptual model based on preferential association of dissolved organic matter with positively-charged mineral surfaces is proposed to describe micro-scale, intergranular variability in sorption properties of the aquifer sediments.The effect of particle size, mineralogy and sediment organic carbon (SOC) on sorption of tetrachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene was evaluated using batch-isotherm experiments on sediment particle-size and mineralogical fractions from a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Concentration of SOC and sorption of chlorobenzenes increase with decreasing particle size. For a given particle size, the magnetic fraction has a higher SOC content and sorption capacity than the bulk or non-magnetic fractions. Sorption appears to be controlled by the magnetic minerals, which comprise only 5-25% of the bulk sediment. Although SOC content of the bulk sediment is <0.1%, the observed sorption of chlorobenzenes is consistent with a partition mechanism and is adequately predicted by models relating sorption to the octanol/water partition coefficient of the solute and SOC content. A conceptual model based on preferential association of dissolved organic matter with positively-charged mineral surfaces is proposed to describe micro-scale, intergranular variability in sorption properties of the aquifer sediments.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","conferenceTitle":"Pacifichem '89","conferenceDate":"17 December 1989 through 22 December 1989","conferenceLocation":"Honolulu, HI, USA","language":"English","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Barber, L., Thurman, E., and Runnells, D., 1992, Geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer: Effect of sediment mineralogy and particle size on the sorption of chlorobenzenes, <i>in</i> Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 9, no. 1-2, Honolulu, HI, USA, 17 December 1989 through 22 December 1989, p. 35-54.","startPage":"35","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1640e4b0c8380cd550e7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCalady Donald L.","contributorId":128410,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"McCalady Donald L.","id":536343,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L.B. II","contributorId":6097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.B.","suffix":"II","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E.M.","contributorId":102864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runnells, D.R.","contributorId":105061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runnells","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016916,"text":"70016916 - 1992 - Incorporation and redistribution of locally derived lithic fragments within a pyroclastic flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-01T20:30:13.479422","indexId":"70016916","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Incorporation and redistribution of locally derived lithic fragments within a pyroclastic flow","docAbstract":"<p><span>The lower Miocene Peach Springs Tuff exposed in the Newberry Mountains, California, was deposited within a paleovalley trending S65°W. Exposures within the paleovalley contain lithic breccia intercalated with ash-rich ignimbrite. The clast assemblage of the lithic breccias matches the rock types of the paleovalley walls, and therefore the clasts were not derived from a distant eruptive vent. Flow direction, breccia bed thickness, grain-size data, and sedimentary textures indicate that the lithic breccias were deposited from density currents within the pyroclastic flow that moved down tributaries and into the main paleovalley to be intermingled with the ash-rich pyroclastic flow. A model is proposed whereby a turbulent boundary layer at the base of the pyroclastic flow is induced by surface roughness of the substrate and incorporates loose material from the substrate to produce a high-density ground layer that decouples from the lower-density, ash-rich pyroclastic flow. After decoupling has occurred, the high-density, lithic-rich ground layer moves independently from the ash-rich pyroclastic flow. The lithic breccia horizons have many characteristics of proximal (lag) breccias, and caution must be used when inferring distance from vent in ancient ignimbrites based on the occurrence of coarse breccias.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1193:IAROLD>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D., 1992, Incorporation and redistribution of locally derived lithic fragments within a pyroclastic flow: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, no. 9, p. 1193-1207, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<1193:IAROLD>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1193","endPage":"1207","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224710,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"104","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a39ede4b0c8380cd61ab0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buesch, D.C. 0000-0002-4978-5027","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":73633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"D.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017178,"text":"70017178 - 1992 - Volcán Quizapu, Chilean Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-27T15:41:52","indexId":"70017178","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcán Quizapu, Chilean Andes","docAbstract":"<p>Quizapu is a flank vent of the basalt-to-rhyodacite Holocene stratocone, Cerro <a class=\"reference-link webtrekk-track\" href=\"http://link.springer.com/search?dc.title=Azul&amp;facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&amp;sortOrder=relevance\">Azul</a>, and lies at the focus of a complex Quaternary volcanic field on the Andean volcanic front. The Quizapu vent originated in 1846 when 5 km<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</sup> of hornblende-dacite magma erupted effusively with little accompanying tephra. Between &sim; 1907 and 1932, phreatic and strombolian activity reamed out a deep crater, from which 4 km<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</sup> of dacite magma identical to that of 1846 fed the great plinian event of 10&ndash;11 April 1932. Although a total of &gt;9 km<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</sup> of magma was thus released in 86 years, there is no discernible subsidence. As the pre-plinian crater was lined by massive lavas, 1932 enlargement was limited and the total plinian deposit contains only &sim; 0.4 wt % lithics. Areas of 5-cm and 1-cm isopachs for compacted 1932 fallout are about half of those estimated in the 1930's, yielding a revised ejecta volume of &sim;9.5 km<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</sup>. A strong inflection near the 10-cm isopach (downwind &sim;110 km) on a plot of log Thickness vs Area<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">1/2</sup> reflects slow settling of fine plinian ash &mdash; not of coignimbrite ash, as the volume of pyroclastic flows was trivial (&lt;0.01 km<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">3</sup>). About 17 vol.% of the fallout lies beyond the 1-cm isopach, and &sim; 82 wt% of the ejecta are finer than 1 mm. A least 18 hours of steady plinian activity produced an exceptionally uniform fall deposit. Observed column height (27&ndash;30 km) and average mass eruption rate (1.5x10<sup class=\"a-plus-plus\">8</sup> kg/s) compare well with values for height and peak intensity calculated from published eruption models. The progressive &ldquo;aeolian fractionation&rdquo; of downwind ash (for which Quizapu is widely cited) is complicated by the large compositional range of 1932 juvenile pumice (52&ndash;70% <a class=\"reference-link webtrekk-track\" href=\"http://link.springer.com/search?dc.title=SiO&amp;facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&amp;sortOrder=relevance\">SiO</a><sub class=\"a-plus-plus\">2</sub>). The eruption began with andesitic scoria and ended with basaltic scoria, but &gt;95% of the ejecta are dacitic pumice (67&ndash;68% <a class=\"reference-link webtrekk-track\" href=\"http://link.springer.com/search?dc.title=SiO&amp;facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&amp;sortOrder=relevance\">SiO</a><sub class=\"a-plus-plus\">2</sub>); minor andesitic scoria and frothier rhyodacite pumice (70% <a class=\"reference-link webtrekk-track\" href=\"http://link.springer.com/search?dc.title=SiO&amp;facet-content-type=ReferenceWorkEntry&amp;sortOrder=relevance\">SiO</a><sub class=\"a-plus-plus\">2</sub>) accompanied the dominant dacite. Phenocrysts (pl&gt;hb&sim;opx&gt;mt&gt;ilm&sim;cpx) are similar in both abundance and composition in the 1846 (effusive) and 1932 (plinian) dacites. Despite the contrast in mode of eruption, bulk compositions are also indistinguishable. The only difference so far identified is a lower range of &delta; D values for 1846 hornblende, consistent with pre-eruptive degassing of the effusive batch.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00278002","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Hildreth, W., and Drake, R.E., 1992, Volcán Quizapu, Chilean Andes: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 93-125, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00278002.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"125","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479644,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1232403","text":"External Repository"},{"id":224487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205490,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278002"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2d1e4b08c986b32adac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hildreth, Wes","contributorId":15996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drake, Robert E.","contributorId":14465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017046,"text":"70017046 - 1992 - Determination of subsurface fluid contents at a crude-oil spill site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:47:46","indexId":"70017046","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of subsurface fluid contents at a crude-oil spill site","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Measurement of the fluid-content distribution at sites contaminated by immiscible fluids, including crude oil, is needed to better understand the movement of these fluids in the subsurface and to provide data to calibrate and verify numerical models and geophysical methods. A laboratory method was used to quantify the fluid contents of 146 core sections retrieved from boreholes aligned along a 120-m longitudinal transect at a crude-oil spill site near Bemidji, Minnesota, U.S.A. The 47-mm-diameter, minimally disturbed cores spanned a 4-m vertical interval contaminated by oil. Cores were frozen on site in a dry ice-alcohol bath to prevent redistribution and loss of fluids while sectioning the cores. We gravimetrically determined oil and water contents using a two-step method: (1) samples were slurried and the oil was removed by absorption onto strips of hydrophobic porous polyethylene (PPE); and (2) the samples were oven-dried to remove the water. The resulting data show sharp vertical gradients in the water and oil contents and a clearly defined oil body. The subsurface distribution is complex and appears to be influenced by sediment heterogeneities and water-table fluctuations. The center of the oil body has depressed the water-saturated zone boundary, and the oil is migrating laterally within the capillary fringe. The oil contents are as high as 0.3cm<sup>3</sup>cm<sup>−3</sup>, which indicates that oil is probably still mobile 10 years after the spill occurred. The thickness of oil measured in wells suggests that accumulated thickness in wells is a poor indicator of the actual distribution of oil in the subsurface. Several possible sources of error are identified with the field and laboratory methods. An error analysis indicates that adsorption of water and sediment into the PPE adds as much as 4% to the measured oil masses and that uncertainties in the calculated sample volume and the assumed oil density introduce an additional ±3% error when the masses are converted to fluid contents.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(92)90044-F","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Hess, K., Herkelrath, W., and Essaid, H., 1992, Determination of subsurface fluid contents at a crude-oil spill site: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 10, no. 1, p. 75-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(92)90044-F.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"96","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":205497,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(92)90044-F"},{"id":224524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ffcce4b0c8380cd4f3dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, K.M.","contributorId":39415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkelrath, W.N.","contributorId":77981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"W.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016966,"text":"70016966 - 1992 - Late Pleistocene equilibrium-line reconstructions in the northern Peruvian Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70016966","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1068,"text":"Boreas","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Pleistocene equilibrium-line reconstructions in the northern Peruvian Andes","docAbstract":"ELA reconstructions using the toe-to-headwall-altitude ratio method for paleoglaciers in the Cordilleras Blanca and Oriental, northern Peruvian Andes indicate that ELAs during the last glacial maximum (LGM; marine isotope stage 2)) were c.4300 m in the Cordillera Blanca, c.3900-3600 m on the west side of the Cordillera Oriental, and c.3200 m on the east (Amazon Basin) side of the Cordillera Oriental. Comparison with estimated modern ELAs and glaciation thresholds indicate that ELA depression ranged from c.700 m in the Cordillera Blanca to c.1200 m on the east side of the Cordillera Oriental. Palynological evidence for drier conditions during the LGM in the tropical Andes suggests that ELA depression of this amount involved a temperature reduction (>5-6??C) that greatly exceeded the tropical sea-surface temperature depression estimates of CLIMAP (<2??C). The west to east increase in ELA depression during the LGM indicates that the steep modern precipitation gradients may have been even steeper during the LGM. -from Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Boreas","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03009483","usgsCitation":"Rodbell, D.T., 1992, Late Pleistocene equilibrium-line reconstructions in the northern Peruvian Andes: Boreas, v. 21, no. 1, p. 43-52.","startPage":"43","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4512e4b0c8380cd66ffa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodbell, D. T.","contributorId":10163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodbell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017027,"text":"70017027 - 1992 - Decomposition techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T10:58:18.401377","indexId":"70017027","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decomposition techniques","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Sample decomposition is a fundamental and integral step in the procedure of geochemical analysis. It is often the limiting factor to sample throughput, especially with the recent application of the fast and modern multi-element measurement instrumentation. The complexity of geological materials makes it necessary to choose the sample decomposition technique that is compatible with the specific objective of the analysis. When selecting a decomposition technique, consideration should be given to the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the sample, elements to be determined, precision and accuracy requirements, sample throughput, technical capability of personnel, and time constraints. This paper addresses these concerns and discusses the attributes and limitations of many techniques of sample decomposition along with examples of their application to geochemical analysis. The chemical properties of reagents as to their function as decomposition agents are also reviewed. The section on acid dissolution techniques addresses the various inorganic acids that are used individually or in combination in both open and closed systems. Fluxes used in sample fusion are discussed. The promising microwave-oven technology and the emerging field of automation are also examined. A section on applications highlights the use of decomposition techniques for the determination of Au, platinum group elements (PGEs), Hg, U, hydride-forming elements, rare earth elements (REEs), and multi-elements in geological materials. Partial dissolution techniques used for geochemical exploration which have been treated in detail elsewhere are not discussed here; nor are fire-assaying for noble metals and decomposition techniques for X-ray fluorescence or nuclear methods be discussed.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(92)90048-D","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Chao, T.T., and Sanzolone, R.F., 1992, Decomposition techniques: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 44, no. 1-3, p. 65-106, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(92)90048-D.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe15e4b0c8380cd4eaf2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanzolone, R. F.","contributorId":64199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanzolone","given":"R.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016868,"text":"70016868 - 1992 - Toward digital geologic map standards: a progress report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:51","indexId":"70016868","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Toward digital geologic map standards: a progress report","docAbstract":"Establishing modern scientific and technical standards for geologic maps and their derivative map products is vital to both producers and users of such maps as we move into an age of digital cartography. Application of earth-science data in complex geographic information systems, acceleration of geologic map production, and reduction of population costs require that national standards be developed for digital geologic cartography and computer analysis. Since December 1988, under commission of the Chief Geologic of the U.S. Geological Survey and the mandate of the National Geologic Mapping Program (with added representation from the Association of American State Geologists), a committee has been designing a comprehensive set of scientific map standards. Three primary issues were: (1) selecting scientific symbology and its digital representation; (2) creating an appropriate digital coding system that characterizes geologic features with respect to their physical properties, stratigraphic and structural relations, spatial orientation, and interpreted mode of origin; and (3) developing mechanisms for reporting levels of certainty for descriptive as well as measured properties. Approximately 650 symbols for geoscience maps, including present usage of the U.S Geological Survey, state geological surveys, industry, and academia have been identified and tentatively adopted. A proposed coding system comprises four-character groupings of major and minor codes that can identify all attributes of a geologic feature. Such a coding system allows unique identification of as many as 105 geologic names and values on a given map. The new standard will track closely the latest developments of the Proposed Standard for Digital Cartographic Data soon to be submitted to the National Institute of Standards and Technology by the Federal Interagency Coordinating Committee on Digital Cartography. This standard will adhere generally to the accepted definitions and specifications for spatial data transfer. It will require separate specifications of digital cartographic quality relating to positional accuracy and ranges of measured and interpreted values such as geologic age and rock composition. Provisional digital geologic map standards will be published for trial implementation. After approximately two years, when comments on the proposed standards have been solicited and modifications made, formal adoption of the standards will be recommended. Widespread acceptance of the new standards will depend on their applicability to the broadest range of earth-science map products and their adaptability to changing cartographic technology.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Mapping and Geographic Information Systems","conferenceDate":"21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Ulrech, G.E., Reynolds, M.W., and Taylor, R.B., 1992, Toward digital geologic map standards: a progress report, <i>in</i> ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1126, San Francisco, CA, USA, 21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990, p. 18-29.","startPage":"18","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224757,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1126","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b6e4b08c986b32684c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ulrech, George E.","contributorId":51471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ulrech","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Mitchell W. 0000-0002-9966-3896 mwreynol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9966-3896","contributorId":4641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Mitchell","email":"mwreynol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Richard B.","contributorId":19539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017096,"text":"70017096 - 1992 - Ground water chemistry and geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions at the Osamu Utsumi mine and the Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-08T17:42:40","indexId":"70017096","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water chemistry and geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions at the Osamu Utsumi mine and the Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil","docAbstract":"<p id=\"para4\" class=\"svArticle section\">Surface and ground waters, collected over a period of three years from the Osamu Utsumi uranium mine and the Morro do Ferro thorium/rare-earth element (Th/REE) deposits, were analyzed and interpreted to identify the major hydrogeochemical processes. These results provided information on the current geochemical evolution of ground waters for two study sites within the Po&ccedil;os de Caldas Natural Analogue Project.</p>\n<p id=\"para5\" class=\"svArticle section\">The ground waters are a K&ndash;Fe&ndash;SO<sub>4</sub>&ndash;F type, a highly unusual composition related to intense weathering of a hydrothermally altered and mineralized complex of phonolites. Tritium and stable isotope data indicate that ground waters are of meteoric origin and are not affected significantly by evaporation or water&ndash;rock interactions. Recharging ground waters at both study sites demonstrate water of less than about 35 years in age, whereas deeper, more evolved ground waters are below 1 TU but still contain in most cases detectable tritium. These deeper ground waters may be interpreted as being of 35 to 60 or more years in age, resulting mainly from an admixture of younger with older ground waters and/or indicating the influence of subsurface produced tritium.</p>\n<p id=\"para6\" class=\"svArticle section\">Geochemical processes involving water&ndash;rock&ndash;gas interactions have been modeled using ground water compositions, mineralogic data, ion plots and computations of speciation, non-thermodynamic mass balance and thermodynamic mass transfer. The geochemical reaction models can reproduce the water chemistry and mineral occurrences and they were validated by comparing the results of thermodynamic mass transfer calculations (using the PHREEQE program, Parkhurst et al., 1980). The results from the geochemical reaction models reveal that the dominant processes are production of CO<sub>2</sub> in the soil zone through aerobic decay of organic matter, dissolution of fluorite, calcite, K-feldspar, albite, chlorite and manganese oxides, oxidation of pyrite and sphalerite, and precipitation of ferric oxides, silica and kaolinite. Gibbsite precipitation can be modeled for the shallow (recharge) water chemistry at Morro do Ferro, consistent with known mineralogy. Recharge waters are undersaturated with respect to barite and discharging waters and deeper ground waters are saturated to supersaturated with respect to barite demonstrating a strong solubility control. Strontium isotope data demonstrate that sources other than calcium-bearing minerals are required to account for the dissolved strontium in the ground waters. These may include K-feldspar, smectite&ndash;chlorite mixed-layer clays and goyazite [SrAl<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (OH)<sub>5</sub> &bull; H<sub>2</sub>O].</p>\n<p>&nbsp;1992.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-89934-7.50011-6","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., McNutt, R., Puigdomenech, I., Smellie, J.A., and Wolf, M., 1992, Ground water chemistry and geochemical modeling of water-rock interactions at the Osamu Utsumi mine and the Morro do Ferro analogue study sites, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 45, no. 1-3, p. 249-287, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-89934-7.50011-6.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"249","endPage":"287","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2aaae4b0c8380cd5b371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":375381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNutt, R.H.","contributorId":53097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Puigdomenech, I.","contributorId":85337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puigdomenech","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smellie, John A.T.","contributorId":26437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smellie","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wolf, M.","contributorId":43504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
]}