This report is one in a series of reports prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey, beginning in 1937, on the ground-water resources in the Houston district. The Houston district includes Harris and Galveston Counties, and parts of Brazoria, Fort Bend, Waller, Montgomery, Liberty, and Chambers Counties. The primary emphasis of this report includes ground-water resources information for the district from 1985-89. Some data collected before 1985 and in early 1990 are included to present long-term trends and relations.
\nGround-water withdrawal in the Houston district decreased from 451 to 419 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) between 1985 and 1989. Public supply used 77 percent of the ground water withdrawn in the district in 1985. From 1985 through 1989, withdrawals for public supply decreased from 349 to 338 Mgal/d, withdrawals for industrial use decreased from 37 to 32 Mgal/d, and withdrawals for irrigation use decreased from 65 to 49 Mgal/d.
\nFrom 1985 through 1989, ground-water withdrawals decreased from about 197.9 Mgal/d to about 166.9 Mgal/d in the Houston area and increased from about 179.5 Mgal/d to about 180.8 Mgal/d in the Katy area, and remained constant at about 67 Mgal/d in the rest of Harris County. Galveston County ground-water withdrawal decreased from about 6.1 to 4.0 Mgal/d during 1985-89.
\nDuring 1977-90, water levels in wells completed in the Chicot aquifer in the eastern part of the Houston district rose as much as 160 ft (feet) and declined as much as 80 ft in the western part. During 1985-90, water levels in wells completed in the Chicot aquifer in the western part of the Houston district rose as much as 140 ft, and declined as much as 40 ft in the western part.
\nDuring 1977-90, water levels in wells completed in the Evangeline aquifer in the southeastern part of the Houston district rose as much as 140 ft and declined as much as 200 ft in the northwestern part. During 1985-90, water levels in wells completed in the Evangeline aquifer in the eastern part of the Houston district rose as much as 40 ft, and declined as much as 140 ft in the northern part.
\nDissolved-chloride concentrations in water from wells in the Houston district have not changed more than 100 mg/L during 1985-89, except for a decrease at one well in the eastern part of Galveston County. Well KH-65-48-316 yielded water with dissolved-chloride concentration decreasing from 720 mg/L in 1986 to 590 mg/L in 1989.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri924180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Barbie, D., and Locke, G., 1993, Ground-water withdrawals, water levels, and ground-water quality in the Houston district, Texas, with emphasis on 1985-89: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4180, Report: v, 28 p.; 8 Plates: 24.52 x 17.52 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924180.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; 8 Plates: 24.52 x 17.52 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":366933,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366932,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366931,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366934,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366935,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366936,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366937,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366938,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122735,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54837,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.877685546875,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -94.888916015625,\n 29.439597566602902\n ],\n [\n -94.888916015625,\n 30.15462722077597\n ],\n [\n -95.877685546875,\n 30.15462722077597\n ],\n [\n -95.877685546875,\n 29.439597566602902\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a1fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barbie, D.L.","contributorId":61459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barbie","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Locke, G.L.","contributorId":59065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Locke","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27271,"text":"wri924016 - 1993 - Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-18T18:46:48.848163","indexId":"wri924016","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4016","title":"Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3 (collectively called the C-holes) each were drilled to a depth of 914.4 meters at Yucca Mountain, on the Nevada Test Site, in 1983 and 1984 for the purpose of conducting aquifer and tracer tests. Each of the boreholes penetrated the Paintbrush Tuff and the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills and bottomed in the Crater Flat Tuff. The geologic units penetrated consist of devitrified to vitrophyric, nonwelded to densely welded, ash-flow tuff, tuff breccia, ash-fall tuff, and bedded tuff. Below the water table, which is at an average depth of 401.6 meters below land surface, the rocks are argillic and zeolitic. The geologic units at the C-hole complex strike N. 2° W. and dip 15° to 21° NE. They are cut by several faults, including the Paintbrush Canyon Fault, a prominent normal fault oriented S. 9° W., 52.2° NW.
The rocks at the C-hole complex are fractured extensively, with most fractures oriented approximately perpendicular to the direction of regional least horizontal principal stress. In the Crater Flat Tuff and the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills, fractures strike predominantly between S. 20° E. and S. 20° W. and secondarily between S. 20° E. and S. 60° E. In the Topopah Spring Member of the Paintbrush Tuff, however, southeasterly striking fractures predominate. Most fractures are steeply dipping, although shallowly dipping fractures occur in nonwelded and reworked tuff intervals of the Crater Flat Tuff. Mineral-filled fractures are common in the tuff breccia zone of the Tram Member of the Crater Flat Tuff, and, also, in the welded tuff zone of the Bullfrog Member of the Crater Flat Tuff. The fracture density of geologic units in the C-holes was estimated to range from 1.3 to 7.6 fractures per cubic meter. Most of these estimates appear to be the correct order of magnitude when compared to transect measurements and core data from other boreholes 1.3 orders of magnitude too low.
Geophysical data and laboratory analyses were used to determine matrix hydrologic properties of the tuffs and lavas of Calico Hills and the Crater Flat Tuff in the C-holes. The porosity ranged from 12 to 43 percent and, on the average, was larger in nonwelded to partially welded, ash-flow tuff, ashfall tuff, and reworked tuff than in moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff. The pore-scale horizontal permeability of nine samples ranged from 5.7x10-3 to 2.9 millidarcies, and the pore-scale vertical permeability of these samples ranged from 3.7x10-3 to 1.5 millidarcies. Ratios of pore-scale horizontal to vertical permeability generally ranged from 0.7 to 2. Although the number of samples was small, values of pore-scale permeability determined were consistent with samples from other boreholes at Yucca Mountain. The specific storage of nonwelded to partially welded ash-flow tuff, ash-fall tuff, and reworked tuff was estimated from porosity and elasticity to be 2x10-6 per meter, twice the specific storage of moderately to densely welded ash-flow tuff and tuff breccia. The storativity of geologic units, based on their average thickness (corrected for bedding dip) and specific storage, was estimated to range from 1x10-5 to 2x10-4.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri924016","usgsCitation":"Geldon, A., 1993, Preliminary hydrogeologic assessment of boreholes UE-25c #1, UE-25c #2, and UE-25c #3, Yucca Mountain, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4016, vii, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924016.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415930,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47599.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56150,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4016/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4016/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.5631,\n 36.9364\n ],\n [\n -116.5631,\n 36.6539\n ],\n [\n -116.3333,\n 36.6539\n ],\n [\n -116.3333,\n 36.9364\n ],\n [\n -116.5631,\n 36.9364\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6973a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geldon, A. L.","contributorId":46988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geldon","given":"A. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26075,"text":"wri904180 - 1993 - Corrosiveness of ground water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T19:33:55.644108","indexId":"wri904180","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4180","title":"Corrosiveness of ground water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain","docAbstract":"Ground water from the unconfined part of the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system in the New Jersey Coastal Plain typically is corrosive-- that is, it is acidic, soft, and has low concentrations of alkalinity. Corrosive ground water has the potential to leach trace elements and asbestos fibers from plumbing materials used in potable- water systems, thereby causing potentially harmful concentrations of these substances in drinking water. Corrosion indices were calculated from water-quality data for 370 wells in the unconfined Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system. Values of the Langelier Saturation Index are predominantly negative, indicating that the water is undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate, and, therefore, is potentially corrosive. Values of the Aggressive Index, a similar estimator of the corrosiveness of water, range from 3.9 (highly corrosive) to 11.9 (moderately corrosive). The median Aggressive Index value calculated for the 370 wells is 6.0, a value that indicates that the water is highly corrosive. Moderately corrosive ground water is found in some coastal areas. Isolated instances of moderately corrosive water are found in northern Ocean County, and in Burlington, Camden, and Salem Counties. In the vicinity of Ocean County corrosion-index values change little with depth, but in Atlantic, Burlington, and Salem Counties the corrosiveness of ground water generally appears to decrease with depth. Analyses of standing tap water from newly constructed homes in the Coastal Plain show concentrations of lead and other trace elements are significantly higher than those in ambient ground water. The elevated trace-element concentrations are attributed to the corrosion of plumbing materials by ground water. Results of the tap-water analyses substantiate the corrosiveness of Kirkwood-Cohansey ground water, as estimated by corrosion-index values.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904180","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J.L., Kish, G.R., and Velnich, A., 1993, Corrosiveness of ground water in the Kirkwood-Cohansey aquifer system of the New Jersey Coastal Plain: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4180, vi, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904180.","productDescription":"vi, 79 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413771,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47424.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":54847,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4180/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4180/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"New Jersey Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5,\n 40.4536\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 39.1833\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 39.1833\n ],\n [\n -74,\n 40.4536\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 40.4536\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcbc0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, J. L.","contributorId":13994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kish, G. R.","contributorId":65118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kish","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Velnich, A. J.","contributorId":25149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velnich","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":16949,"text":"ofr9394 - 1993 - Channel geometry data of streams in the lower Drift River basin affected by the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-17T15:20:51.129702","indexId":"ofr9394","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"93-94","title":"Channel geometry data of streams in the lower Drift River basin affected by the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr9394","usgsCitation":"Dorava, J., May, B., Meyer, D.F., and Myers, L., 1993, Channel geometry data of streams in the lower Drift River basin affected by the 1989-90 eruptions of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-94, iv, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9394.","productDescription":"iv, 66 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":46058,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":150232,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0094/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e6324","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorava, J.M.","contributorId":68756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorava","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"May, B.A.","contributorId":8872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"May","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Myers, L.V.","contributorId":84392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Myers","given":"L.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1008013,"text":"1008013 - 1993 - Distribution, abundance, and age ratios of Wrangel Island lesser snow geese Anser caerulescens during autumn migration on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T16:31:45","indexId":"1008013","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3764,"text":"Wildfowl","onlineIssn":"2052-6458","printIssn":"0954-6324","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution, abundance, and age ratios of Wrangel Island lesser snow geese Anser caerulescens during autumn migration on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","docAbstract":"During the 1989 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) calving season on the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska (USA), 61 calf carcasses were examined for cause of death and associated pathology. Dead calves were located by low-level aerial searches with two fixed-wing aircraft and a helicopter over high density calving areas between the Hulahula and Aichilik rivers. Primary diagnoses included emaciation (39%), malnutrition (8%), stillbirth (21%), trauma (16%), other primary causes (7%), and undetermined causes (8%). Twenty calves had contributory renal tubular degeneration. The findings indicate that factors contributing to nutritional deprivation in calves were the major cause of neonatal mortality; however, factors affecting stillbirth, abortion, or the urogenital system may have major effects on neonatal caribou and warrant further investigation.
Components of the energy budget of yearling lake trout (Salvelinus namacush) were derived from data gathered in laboratory growth and metabolism studies; values for energy lost as waste were estimated with previously published equations. Because the total caloric value of food consumed by experimental lake trout was significantly different during the two years in which the studies were done, separate annual energy budgets were formulated. The gross conversion efficiency in yearling lake trout fed ad libitum rations of alewives at 10°C was 26.6% to 41%. The distribution of energy with temperature was similar for each component of the energy budget. Highest conversion efficiencies were observed in fish fed less than ad libitum rations; fish fed an amount of food equivalent to about 4% of their body weight at 10°C had a conversion efficiency of 33% to 45.1%. Physiologically useful energy was 76.1–80.1% of the total energy consumed. Estimated growth for age-I and -II lake fish was near that observed for laboratory fish held at lake temperatures and fed reduced rations.
It has recently become evident that amphibian species in many areas of the world have suffered serious declines. Healthy, seemingly well-protected populations have disappeared for no obvious reason. Data from historic accounts and museum records indicate that the Cascades frog, Rana cascadae, was once abundant at the southern end of its range in the vicinity of Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA. We conducted intensive searches at all 16 sites where R. cascadae had previously been recorded in the Lassen area, plus 34 additional sites with suitable habitat. Whereas earlier biologists could sometimes find 40 or more frogs at some of these sites, we were only able to locate two frogs at a single locality. This represents a precipitous decline over a period of <15 years. The decline seems to have been caused by a combination of local factors, including (1) the presence of non-native, predatory fish which have restricted habitat and limited dispersal of frogs; (2) loss of breeding habitat due to a five-year drought; and (3) the gradual loss of open meadows and associated aquatic habitats. The loss of frogs suggests that some common management practices in parks and wilderness areas may be endangering some of the species these areas are intended to protect. Similar local factors may account for amphibian declines reported elsewhere and should be carefully evaluated along with possible global effects.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(93)90447-9","usgsCitation":"Fellers, G.M., and Drost, C.A., 1993, Disappearance of the cascades frog Rana cascadae at the southern end of its range, California, USA: Biological Conservation, v. 65, no. 1993, p. 177-181, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90447-9.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"181","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130927,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Lassen National Forest, Lassen Volcanic National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.76728073572755,\n 40.643474261394914\n ],\n [\n -121.76728073572755,\n 40.295716978522194\n ],\n [\n -121.17989880070715,\n 40.295716978522194\n ],\n [\n -121.17989880070715,\n 40.643474261394914\n ],\n [\n -121.76728073572755,\n 40.643474261394914\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"1993","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ab1c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drost, Charles A. 0000-0002-4792-7095 charles_drost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4792-7095","contributorId":3151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drost","given":"Charles","email":"charles_drost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":316541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046238,"text":"70046238 - 1993 - 1:100,000-scale Counties of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-03T15:13:38","indexId":"70046238","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"1:100,000-scale Counties of the United States","docAbstract":"This is a coverage of the county boundaries of the conterminous United States (AK, HI and Puerto Rico are available separately). The lines were extracted from U.S. Census TIGER/line files using an AML program (see 4.), written by Doug Nebert and Mark Negri, running on two Data General 6220 servers.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046238","usgsCitation":"U.S. Dept of Commerce Bureau of Census, 1993, 1:100,000-scale Counties of the United States, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046238.","productDescription":"Dataset","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":273121,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":273120,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/county100.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.97569044,22.76830813 ], [ -127.97569044,48.27065081 ], [ -65.25507606,48.27065081 ], [ -65.25507606,22.76830813 ], [ -127.97569044,22.76830813 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51adbae2e4b07c214e64bcd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Dept of Commerce Bureau of Census","contributorId":128100,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Dept of Commerce Bureau of Census","id":535527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018040,"text":"70018040 - 1993 - Development of bridge-scour instrumentation for inspection and maintenance personnel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70018040","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of bridge-scour instrumentation for inspection and maintenance personnel","docAbstract":"Inspecting bridges and monitoring scour during high flow can improve public transportation safety by providing early identification of scour and stream stability problems at bridges. Most bridge-inspection data are collected during low flow, when scour holes may have refilled. More than 25 percent of the States that responded to a questionnaire identified lack of adequate methodology and/or equipment as reasons for not collecting scour data during high-flow conditions. Therefore, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, has begun to develop instrumentation for measuring scour that could be used by inspection and maintenance personnel during high-flow conditions. A variety of instruments and techniques for measuring scour were tested and evaluated in real-time bridge-scour data-collection studies by the USGS. In the National Scour study, fathometers were found to be superior to sounding weights and will be the primary bed-measuring instrument. The ability of low-cost fathometers and fish finders to locate the bed accurately is being evaluated. Simple and efficient methods for deploying the transducer during floods are also important for a successful measurement. The information and additional testing are being used to design new, portable scour-measuring systems.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., and Landers, M.N., 1993, Development of bridge-scour instrumentation for inspection and maintenance personnel, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 2045-2050.","startPage":"2045","endPage":"2050","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0050e4b0c8380cd4f6cc","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536422,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landers, Mark N. 0000-0002-3014-0480 landers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-0480","contributorId":1103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"Mark","email":"landers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013315,"text":"1013315 - 1993 - In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:43:28","indexId":"1013315","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes","docAbstract":"Several recently published papers discussed the importance of systematics (the study of evolutionary and genetic relationships among organisms) and taxonomy (the naming and classification of organisms) for managing wildlife (Ryder 1986, Avise 1989, Amato 1991, O'Brien and Mayr 1991, Dowling et al. 1992), Often, classification below the species level is needed; for example, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 applies to local populations and subspecies as well as species. Conservation efforts may focus below the species level because of concerns about the fitness, evolutionary potentials, and locally adapted gene pools of natural populations (Soulé 1986, Hedrick and Milller 1992). This can be considered the genetic component of biodiversity.
Recent systematic studies with wildlife management applications have used modern molecular genetic methods. Analyses of a specific molecular marker, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have been used in many of these studies (e.g., Shields and Wilson 1987, Avise and Nelson 1989, O'Brien et al. 1990, Wayne and Jenks 1991, Cronin 1992), However, there are limitations to the use of mtDNA in systematics (e.g., Overden et al., 1987, Pamilo and Nei 1988, Dowling et al. 1992). In my experience as a geneticist working with wildlife biologists, I have found a need for clarification of the use and limitations of modern molecular genetics. I specifically discuss the limitations of mtDNA data in systematic assessments of wildlife at and below the species level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., 1993, In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 21, no. 3, p. 339-348.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/publications/","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2000895,"text":"2000895 - 1993 - Sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chemicals used in aquaculture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-16T16:12:09","indexId":"2000895","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":79,"text":"Resource Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"192","title":"Sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chemicals used in aquaculture","docAbstract":"Efforts to restore anadromous striped bass (Morone saxatilis) populations by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and other agencies over the past 20 years have concentrated on hatchery culture to supplement dwindling natural reproduction. Adult fish captured for artificial spawning are stressed by handling and crowding in rearing ponds and are often exposed to therapeutants, anesthetics, disinfectants, and herbicides used in fish culture. We determined the toxicity of 17 fishery chemicals (chloramine-T, erythromycin, formalin, Hyamine 3500, Roccal, malachite green, sulfamerazine, benzocaine, etomidate, Finquel (MS-222) , metomidate, quinaldine sulfate, chlorine, potassium permanganate, Aquazine, copper sulfate, and Rodeo) to striped bass fry (average weight = 1 g) in reconstituted water (total hardness 40 mg/L) at 12 degree C. The 96-h LC50's (concentration calculated to produce 50% mortality in a population) ranged from 0.129 mg/L for malachite green to 340 mg/L for erythromycin. We also determined the effects of selected levels of water temperature, hardness, and pH on the toxicity of chloramine-T, formalin, malachite green, and Roccal. There were no differences in toxicity for any of the chemicals at any water quality variable tested except for chloramine-T, which was about 25 times more toxic in soft, acid water than in soft, alkaline water. Our data show that the striped bass is as sensitive to fishery chemicals as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but is generally less resistant than bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bills, T.D., Marking, L.L., and Howe, G.E., 1993, Sensitivity of juvenile striped bass to chemicals used in aquaculture: Resource Publication 192, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49ffe4b07f02db5f7905","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bills, Terry D.","contributorId":30939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bills","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, Leif L.","contributorId":52239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"Leif","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Howe, George E.","contributorId":102570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howe","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2002248,"text":"2002248 - 1993 - Maps, data, and GRASS in Yosemite National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:59","indexId":"2002248","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":91,"text":"Technical Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"NPS/NRGISD/NRTR-93/13","title":"Maps, data, and GRASS in Yosemite National Park","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geographic information systems: Proceedings of the 7th Annual GRASS Users Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"van Wagtendonk, J., 1993, Maps, data, and GRASS in Yosemite National Park: Technical Report NPS/NRGISD/NRTR-93/13, p. 1-6.","productDescription":"p. 1-6","startPage":"1","endPage":"6","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db6063f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Wagtendonk, J. W.","contributorId":85111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"J. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":2000083,"text":"2000083 - 1993 - A model of the productivity of the northern pintail","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-14T09:57:53","indexId":"2000083","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"7","title":"A model of the productivity of the northern pintail","docAbstract":"We adapted a stochastic computer model to simulate productivity of the northern pintail (Anas acuta). Researchers at the Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service originally developed the model to simulate productivity of the mallard (A. platyrhynchos). We obtained data and descriptive information on the breeding biology of pintails from a literature review and from discussions with waterfowl biologists. All biological parameters in the productivity component of the mallard model (e.g, initial body weights, weight loss during laying and incubation, incubation time, clutch size, nest site selection characteristics) were compared with data on pintails and adjusted accordingly. The function in the mallard model that predicts nest initiation in response to pond conditions adequately mimicked pintail behavior and did not require adjustment.Recruitment rate was most sensitive to variations in parameters that control nest success, seasonal duckling survival rate, and yearling and adult body weight. We simulated upland and wetland habitat conditions in central North Dakota and compared simulation results with observed data. Simulated numbers were not significantly different from observed numbers of successful nests during wet, average, and dry wetland conditions. The simulated effect of predator barrier fencing in a study area in central North Dakota increased recruitment rate by an average of 18.4%. This modeling synthesized existing knowledge on the breeding biology of the northern pintail, identified necessary research, and furnished a useful tool for the examination and comparison of various management options.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Carlson, J., Clark, W., and Klaas, E., 1993, A model of the productivity of the northern pintail: Biological Report 7, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -99.459228515625,\n 46.98025235521883\n ],\n [\n -99.459228515625,\n 47.59875528481801\n ],\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 47.59875528481801\n ],\n [\n -101.063232421875,\n 46.98025235521883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, J.D. Jr.","contributorId":94006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"J.D.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, W.R.","contributorId":70716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaas, Erwin E.","contributorId":21487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaas","given":"Erwin E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70156291,"text":"70156291 - 1993 - Patterns of orographic uplift in the Sierra Nevada and their relationship to upper-level atmospheric circulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:47:47","indexId":"70156291","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Patterns of orographic uplift in the Sierra Nevada and their relationship to upper-level atmospheric circulation","docAbstract":"We examine monthly and seasonal patterns of precipitation across various elevations of the eastern Central Valley of California and the Sierra Nevada. A measure of the strength of the orographic effect called the “precipitation ratio” is calculated, and we separate months into four groups based on being wet or dry and having low or high precipitation ratios. Using monthly maps of mean 700-mb height anomalies, we describe the northern hemisphere mid-tropospheric circulation patterns associated with each of the four groups. Wet months are associated with negative height anomalies over the eastern Pacific, as expected. However, the orientation of the trough is different for years with high and low precipitation ratios. Wet months with high ratios typically have circulation patterns factoring a west-southwest to east-northeast storm track from around the Hawaiian Islands to the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Wet months with low precipitation ratios are associated with a trough centered near the Aleutians and a northwest to southeast storm track. Dry months are marked by anticyclones in the Pacific, but this feature is more localized to the eastern Pacific for months with low precipitation ratios than for those with high ratios. Using precipitation gauge and snow course data from the American River and Truckee-Tahoe basins, we determined that the strength of the orographic effect on a seasonal basis is spatially coherent at low and high elevations and on opposite sides of the Sierra Nevada crestline.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the ninth annual pacific climate (PACLIM) workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Ninth annual pacific climate (PACLIM) workshop","conferenceDate":"April 21-24, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Asilomar, CA","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Aguado, E., Cayan, D.R., Reece, B.D., and Riddle, L., 1993, Patterns of orographic uplift in the Sierra Nevada and their relationship to upper-level atmospheric circulation, in Proceedings of the ninth annual pacific climate (PACLIM) workshop, Asilomar, CA, April 21-24, 1992, p. 153-163.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"163","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada, Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.62939453125001,\n 40.22921818870117\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 40.51379915504413\n ],\n [\n -119.06982421874999,\n 38.30718056188316\n ],\n [\n -117.3779296875,\n 35.47856499535729\n ],\n [\n -118.49853515625,\n 35.0120020431607\n ],\n [\n -119.28955078124999,\n 35.37113502280101\n ],\n [\n -121.35498046875,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -122.18994140624999,\n 38.71980474264239\n ],\n [\n -122.3876953125,\n 39.18117526158749\n ],\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 39.62261494094297\n ],\n [\n -122.62939453125001,\n 40.22921818870117\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889bde4b0589fa1c6bade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aguado, Edward","contributorId":146639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aguado","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reece, Brian D. bdreece@usgs.gov","contributorId":2129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reece","given":"Brian","email":"bdreece@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":568540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riddle, Larry","contributorId":146638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riddle","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017965,"text":"70017965 - 1993 - Culvert analysis program for indirect measurement of discharge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017965","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Culvert analysis program for indirect measurement of discharge","docAbstract":"A program based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) methods for indirectly computing peak discharges through culverts allows users to employ input data formats used by the water surface profile program (WSPRO). The program can be used to compute discharge rating surfaces or curves that describe the behavior of flow through a particular culvert or to compute discharges from measurements of upstream of the gradually varied flow equations and has been adapted slightly to provide solutions that minimize the need for the user to determine between different flow regimes. The program source is written in Fortran 77 and has been run on mini-computers and personal computers. The program does not use or require graphics capability, a color monitor, or a mouse.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Fulford, J.M., 1993, Culvert analysis program for indirect measurement of discharge, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 2213-2218.","startPage":"2213","endPage":"2218","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd08e4b0c8380cd4e5ce","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536404,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fulford, Janice M. jfulford@usgs.gov","contributorId":991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulford","given":"Janice","email":"jfulford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":378053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186920,"text":"70186920 - 1993 - Sensitivity of crustal deformation instruments to changes insecular rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T21:04:58","indexId":"70186920","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of crustal deformation instruments to changes insecular rate","docAbstract":"A variety of instruments (including borehole strainmeters, water wells, creepmeters, laser ranging and differential magnetometers) are used to monitor crustal deformation in areas that are prone to geologic hazards such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In monitoring the deformation, one typically examines the data for either a change in rate, or a simple offset in the record. However, one needs to place a statistical confidence level that the detected signal differs from the background “noise”. Calculation of the statistical confidence level may be done using the formalism of the matched filter, whose output is the signal-to-noise ratio, ρ. Two ingredients are needed to form a matched filter: 1) The power density spectrum of the instrument and 2) the functional form of the signal that we desire to detect. Using the available crustal deformation data from the Parkfield, California network, the background noise for individual instruments as a function of frequency, f, is estimated using the traditional method of the power density spectra. Except for two-color laser distance-ranging data, the power spectra for most of the instruments have a frequency dependence of f−n where 2≤n≤3. The confidence level with which a hypothesized signal is present is determined directly from the signal-to-noise ratio, with the numerator being a function of the signal and the denominator being a function of the power spectrum. Using a creepmeter as an example, a 0.04-mm change occurring over 1 hour, a 0.06-mm occurring over 10 hours, or 0.20-mm over 100 hours are all signals for which ρ=2 and therefore have only a 5% confidence that these signals could be background noise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/92GL02718 ","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J.O., Quilty, E., and Breckenridge, K., 1993, Sensitivity of crustal deformation instruments to changes insecular rate: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 20, no. 2, p. 85-88, https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL02718 .","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"85","endPage":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e64e4b06911a29fa876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, John O.","contributorId":72438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quilty, Eddie","contributorId":190885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quilty","given":"Eddie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breckenridge, Katherine","contributorId":190888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breckenridge","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017996,"text":"70017996 - 1993 - Use of geophysical data to assess scour development","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T07:29:52","indexId":"70017996","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Use of geophysical data to assess scour development","docAbstract":"The development of scour holes in the Connecticut River near the new Baldwin Bridge has been documented by comparing geophysical records collected before (1989), during (1990), and after (1992) bridge construction. Eight piers that support the 570-m (meter) span over the Connecticut River were protected by 12-m wide cofferdams during construction. The maximum flow during the study was equivalent to a 3-year recurrence-interval flood, indicating no significant floods. Fathometer data indicate that deep scour holes, 1.5 to 6.4 m deep, developed north of piers 6, 7, and 8. Scour holes, less than 1.3 m-deep, developed south of these piers. The deepest scour hole was north of pier 7, where data show a flat river bottom in 1989, a scour 3.3-m deep in 1990, and a scour hole 6.4-m deep in 1992. Continuous seismic-profiling (CSP) data show that a 1.5 -m deep scour hole north of pier 6 in 1990 was filled in with 1.5-m of material by 1992. No infilling was detected in the scour holes north of piers 7 and 8. Numerous subbottom reflectors from geologic layers, up to 7.6 -m deep were identified in the CSP records.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"July 25-30, 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Placzek, G., Haeni, P.F., and Trent, R., 1993, Use of geophysical data to assess scour development, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, San Francisco, CA, July 25-30, 1993, p. 2051-2056.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2051","endPage":"2056","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc055e4b08c986b32a07e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536412,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Placzek, Gary","contributorId":58295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Placzek","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haeni, Peter F.","contributorId":22518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trent, Roy","contributorId":97655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trent","given":"Roy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70018384,"text":"70018384 - 1993 - Breakpoint-forced and bound long waves in the nearshore: A model comparison","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018384","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Breakpoint-forced and bound long waves in the nearshore: A model comparison","docAbstract":"A finite-difference model is used to compare long wave amplitudes arising from two-group forced generation mechanisms in the nearshore: long waves generated at a time-varying breakpoint and the shallow-water extension of the bound long wave. Plane beach results demonstrate that the strong frequency selection in the outgoing wave predicted by the breakpoint-forcing mechanism may not be observable in field data due to this wave's relatively small size and its predicted phase relation with the bound wave. Over a bar/trough nearshore, it is shown that a strong frequency selection in shoreline amplitudes is not a unique result of the time-varying breakpoint model, but a general result of the interaction between topography and any broad-banded forcing of nearshore long waves.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering","conferenceDate":"4 October 1992 through 9 October 1992","conferenceLocation":"Venice, Italy","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","issn":"08938717","isbn":"0872629333","usgsCitation":"List, J., 1993, Breakpoint-forced and bound long waves in the nearshore: A model comparison, in Proceedings of the Coastal Engineering Conference, v. 1, Venice, Italy, 4 October 1992 through 9 October 1992, p. 860-867.","startPage":"860","endPage":"867","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f253e4b0c8380cd4b104","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536425,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70018364,"text":"70018364 - 1993 - Actualistic models of mantle metasomatism documented in a composite xenolith from Dish Hill, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-22T12:07:45.063666","indexId":"70018364","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Actualistic models of mantle metasomatism documented in a composite xenolith from Dish Hill, California","docAbstract":"Major and trace-element whole rock and mineral variations in composite hornblendite-peridotite xenolith Ba-2-1, from Dish Hill, CA, are due to a single event of metasomatism in the mantle. The hornblendite is the crystallized selvage of a dike conduit charged with incompatible-element-enriched hydrous mafic magma. The magma infiltrated the refractory peridotite wallrock, reacted with its constituent minerals, and simultaneously deposited amphibole. The systematic data from this study show considerable variation in isotopic values and trace elements. These data provide insight into a mantle process that was defined previously from samples without context, lacking evidence about the number or source of metasomatic events.
In the contact zone of Ba-2-1, peridotite is enriched in Fe, Ti, CO2) and H2O; clinopyroxene and amphibole also are enriched in Fe and Ti, but clinopyroxene appears slightly depleted in CaO. Compared to chondrites, peridotite, clinopyroxene, and probably amphibole are enriched in light rare earth (LREEcn) and other incompatible trace elements. Values of
These compositional variations were modelled using Gresens' equation for whole-rock major and minor elements, and calculations for isotopic ratios and REEs, which emulate the effects of Chromatographic fractionation. The choice of endmembers was restricted to compositions actually present in mantle samples from Dish Hill.
Model results indicate that:
Comparison of the Ba-2-1 data with those of another xenolith from Dish Hill suggests that the compositional variations of mantle metasomatism result from both the compositional contrast between the metasomatizing liquid and wallrock and the relative abundances of each. Compositional and volumetric variations of mantle partial melts and their fractionates, and repeated events of melting and reaction in contiguous mantle, can create broad ranges of metasomatic “signatures” from the same process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90472-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Nielson, J.E., Budahn, J., Unruh, D., and Wilshire, H.G., 1993, Actualistic models of mantle metasomatism documented in a composite xenolith from Dish Hill, California: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 1, p. 105-121, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90472-9.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"105","endPage":"121","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226981,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Dish Hill","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.93833756206014,\n 34.60397946774401\n ],\n [\n -115.93342004954005,\n 34.60974708239199\n ],\n [\n -115.93452648985725,\n 34.613086044597935\n ],\n [\n -115.93833756206014,\n 34.614704887024516\n ],\n [\n -115.94128806957218,\n 34.62026941708001\n ],\n [\n -115.94423857708423,\n 34.61976356612679\n ],\n [\n -115.94669733334452,\n 34.61703191770417\n ],\n [\n -115.94964784085656,\n 34.61804364982491\n ],\n [\n -115.95444241556396,\n 34.61672839566306\n ],\n [\n -115.95481122900301,\n 34.614199002157946\n ],\n [\n -115.95321303743357,\n 34.61055654010708\n ],\n [\n -115.9516148458646,\n 34.605294923894164\n ],\n [\n -115.94780377366172,\n 34.60428303639753\n ],\n [\n -115.94423857708423,\n 34.60620561209886\n ],\n [\n -115.94128806957218,\n 34.60397946774401\n ],\n [\n -115.93833756206014,\n 34.60397946774401\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e6d2e4b0c8380cd47658","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nielson, J. E.","contributorId":106140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Budahn, J. R. 0000-0001-9794-8882","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8882","contributorId":83914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budahn","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Unruh, D.M.","contributorId":8498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unruh","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilshire, H. G.","contributorId":36125,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilshire","given":"H.","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70017459,"text":"70017459 - 1993 - Reference surfaces for bridge scour depths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017459","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Reference surfaces for bridge scour depths","docAbstract":"Depth of scour is measured as the vertical distance between scoured channel geometry and a measurement reference surface. A scour depth measurement can have a wide range depending on the method used to establish the reference surface. A consistent method to establish reference surfaces for bridge scour measurements is needed to facilitate transferability of scour data an scour analyses. This paper describes and evaluates techniques for establishing reference surfaces from which local and contraction scour are measured.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Landers, M.N., and Mueller, D.S., 1993, Reference surfaces for bridge scour depths, in Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 2075-2080.","startPage":"2075","endPage":"2080","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a42fe4b0e8fec6cdba9d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536366,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Landers, Mark N. 0000-0002-3014-0480 landers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-0480","contributorId":1103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"Mark","email":"landers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180276,"text":"70180276 - 1993 - Using a GIS to link digital spatial data and the precipitation-runoff modeling system, Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-26T13:55:12","indexId":"70180276","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using a GIS to link digital spatial data and the precipitation-runoff modeling system, Gunnison River Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System, a modular, distributed-parameter, watershed-modeling system, is being applied to 20 smaller watersheds within the Gunnison River basin. The model is used to derive a daily water balance for subareas in a watershed, ultimately producing simulated streamflows that can be input into routing and accounting models used to assess downstream water availability under current conditions, and to assess the sensitivity of water resources in the basin to alterations in climate. A geographic information system (GIS) is used to automate a method for extracting physically based hydrologic response unit (HRU) distributed parameter values from digital data sources, and for the placement of those estimates into GIS spatial datalayers. The HRU parameters extracted are: area, mean elevation, average land-surface slope, predominant aspect, predominant land-cover type, predominant soil type, average total soil water-holding capacity, and average water-holding capacity of the root zone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Second international conference/workshop on Integrating geographic information systems and environmental modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Second international conference/workshop on Integrating geographic information systems and environmental modeling","conferenceDate":"1993","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Kuhn, G., and Parker, R.S., 1993, Using a GIS to link digital spatial data and the precipitation-runoff modeling system, Gunnison River Basin, Colorado, in Proceedings of the Second international conference/workshop on Integrating geographic information systems and environmental modeling, v. 2, 1993.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":334073,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"588b197ce4b0ad67323f984a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuhn, Gerhard","contributorId":102080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuhn","given":"Gerhard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Randolph S.","contributorId":58638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parker","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}