{"pageNumber":"1388","pageRowStart":"34675","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46733,"records":[{"id":70017347,"text":"70017347 - 1993 - Method of estimating the amount of in situ gas hydrates in deep marine sediments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-10T11:10:13","indexId":"70017347","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method of estimating the amount of in situ gas hydrates in deep marine sediments","docAbstract":"<p>The bulk volume of gas hydrates in marine sediments can be estimated by measuring interval velocities and amplitude blanking of hydrated zones from true amplitude processed multichannel seismic reflection data. In general, neither velocity nor amplitude information is adequate to independently estimate hydrate concentration. A method is proposed that uses amplitude blanking calibrated by interval velocity information to quantify hydrate concentrations in the Blake Ridge area of the US Atlantic continental margin. On the Blake Ridge, blanking occurs in conjunction with relatively low interval velocities. The model that best explains this relation linearly mixes two end-member sediments: hydrated and unhydrated sediment. Hydrate concentration in the hydrate end-member can be calculated from a weighted equation that uses velocity estimated from the seismic data, known properties of the pure hydrate, and porosity inferred from a velocity-porosity relationship. Amplitude blanking can be predicted as the proportions of hydrated and unhydrated sediment change across a reflection boundary. Our analysis of a small area near DSDP 533 indicates that the amount of gas hydrates is about 6% in total volume when the interval velocity is used as a criterion and about 9.5% when amplitude information is used. This compares with a calculated value of about 8% derived from the only available measurement in DSDP 533.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0264-8172(93)90050-3","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., Hutchinson, D.R., Dillon, W.P., Miller, J.J., Agena, W., and Swift, B., 1993, Method of estimating the amount of in situ gas hydrates in deep marine sediments: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 10, no. 5, p. 493-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(93)90050-3.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"493","endPage":"506","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225020,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.40869140625,\n              32.287132632616384\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50927734375,\n              32.287132632616384\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.50927734375,\n              35.8356283888737\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.40869140625,\n              35.8356283888737\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.40869140625,\n              32.287132632616384\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a555fe4b0c8380cd6d1c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, D. R.","contributorId":31770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dillon, William P. bdillon@usgs.gov","contributorId":79820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dillon","given":"William","email":"bdillon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miller, J. J.","contributorId":54588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Agena, Warren F.","contributorId":67079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swift, B.A.","contributorId":32937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70017442,"text":"70017442 - 1993 - Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:55:22","indexId":"70017442","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system","docAbstract":"As part of its mission, the U.S. Geological Survey conducts water-resources research. Site-specific and aggregate water-use data are used in the Survey's National Water-Use Information Program and in various hydrologic investigations. Both types of activities have specific requirements in terms of water-use data access, analysis, and display. In Kansas, the Survey obtains water-use information from several sources. Typically, this information is in a format that is not readily usable by the Survey. Geographic information system (GIS) technology is being used to restructure the available water-use data into a format that allows users to readily access and summarize site-specific water-use data by source (i.e., surface or ground water), type of use, and user-defined area.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Kenny, J.F., 1993, Management and analysis of water-use data using a geographic information system: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 6, p. 973-979, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x.","startPage":"973","endPage":"979","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267686,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03259.x"},{"id":228975,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c60e4b0c8380cd69bed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, K. E. 0000-0002-2102-8980","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":44570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kenny, J. F.","contributorId":100378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017694,"text":"70017694 - 1993 - Influence of long term climate change on net infiltration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017694","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Influence of long term climate change on net infiltration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Net infiltration and recharge at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high level nuclear waste repository, are determined both by the rock properties and past and future changes in climate. A 1-dimensional model was constructed to represent a borehole being drilled through the unsaturated zone. The rock properties were matched to the lithologies expected to be encountered in the borehole. As current paleoclimate theory assumes that 18O increases with wetter and cooler global climates, a past climate scenario, built on depletion of 18O from ocean sediments was used as a basis for climate change over the past 700,000 years. The climate change was simulated by assigning net infiltration values as a linear function of 8O. Assuming the rock properties, lithologies and climate scenarios are correct, simulations indicated that Yucca Mountain is not in steady state equilibrium at the surface (<75 meters) when compared to measured data, but that the system could be at steady state conditions at depths of >250 meters. Based on the cyclic climate inputs, the near surface is currently in a long term drying trend (for the last 3,000 years) yet recharge into the water table is continuing to occur at an average rate equivalent to the average input rate of the climate model, indicating that conditions at depth are damped out over very long time periods. The Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded units, positioned between the Tiva Canyon and Topopah Spring welded Tuff Members, do not appear to act as capillary barrier and therefore would not perch water. The low porosity vitric caprock and basal vitrophyre of the Topopah Spring Member, however, act as restrictive layers. The higher porosity rock directly above the caprock reduces the potential for the caprock to perch water leaving the basal vitrophyre as the most likely location for perched water to develop.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.I., Flint, L.E., and Hevesi, J.A., 1993, Influence of long term climate change on net infiltration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 152-159.","startPage":"152","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b4fe4b0c8380cd623fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan I.","contributorId":72952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017426,"text":"70017426 - 1993 - Isotopic and trace-element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T17:38:43.768487","indexId":"70017426","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and trace-element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia","docAbstract":"<p>We present a tightly controlled and comprehensive set of analytical data for the 250-Ma Siberian flood-basalt province. Consideration of major- and trace-element compositions, along with strontium, lead and neodymium isotopic compositions, strongly supports earlier Russian subdivision of this magmatism into three magmatic cycles, giving rise to three assemblages of eleven basalt suites in the ascending order Ivakinsky-Gudchikhinsky, Khakanchansky-Nadezhdinsky and Morongovsky-Samoedsky. Geochemical and isotopic discontinuities of varying magnitude characterize most of the boundaries between the eleven recognized basalt suites in the Noril'sk area.</p><p>Although we conclude that the dominant volume of erupted magma originated from an asthenospheric mantle plume, none of the lavas is interpreted to directly represent asthenospheric melts, which would have been far more magnesian. On the basis of thermal considerations, we consider it unlikely that vast volumes of basaltic melt were produced directly from the continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Siberian craton. Moreover, there is little evidence from mantle xenoliths that the geochemical signatures of such melts would correspond to those of the Siberian flood basalts. Studies of melt migration lead us to conclude that transport of asthenospheric melt through the lithospheric mantle would be rapid, by fracture propagation. Lavas from the Gudchikhinsky suite have negligible Ta-Nb anomalies and positive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ϵ</i><sub><i>Nd</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values and their parental magmas presumably interacted little with the continental lithospheric mantle or crust. All other lavas have negative Ta-Nb anomalies and lower<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ϵ</i><sub><i>Nd</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values that we attribute to interaction with continental crust.</p><p>The model that we have developed requires discrete contributions from the plume and complex processing of all erupted magmas in the continental crust. The earliest magmas represent small percentages of melt formed in equilibrium with garnet. Over time, the percentage of melting in the source region and the volume of magma produced increased, and garnet was no longer stable in the plume source. All of the plume-derived melts initially contained more than 20 wt% MgO and became less Mg rich by fractionation of olivine as they traversed the lithospheric mantle. We conclude, however, that the most significant control on the geochemical and isotopic compositions of all the erupted lavas was processing of mantle-derived magma in crustal reservoirs during periodic replenishment, periodic tapping, continuous crystal fractionation and wallrock assimilation. Rapid eruption of an extremely large volume of processed magma that varied little in chemical and isotopic composition produced the sequence of relatively monotonous tholeiitic basalts that constitute the 2,300-m-thick third assemblage of the Siberian flood-basalt province near Noril'sk.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90149-Q","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Wooden, J.L., Czamanske, G., Fedorenko, V., Arndt, N., Chauvel, C., Bouse, R.M., King, B.S., Knight, R.J., and Siems, D.F., 1993, Isotopic and trace-element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 15, p. 3677-3704, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90149-Q.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"3677","endPage":"3704","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f9ae4b0c8380cd6465b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czamanske, G.K.","contributorId":26300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czamanske","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fedorenko, V.A.","contributorId":59961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedorenko","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arndt, N.T.","contributorId":95887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arndt","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chauvel, C.","contributorId":86914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauvel","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bouse, R. M.","contributorId":33709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"King, B. S. W.","contributorId":105438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Knight, R. J.","contributorId":96255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70018280,"text":"70018280 - 1993 - Geophysical investigations of concealed faults near Yucca Mountain, Southwest Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018280","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical investigations of concealed faults near Yucca Mountain, Southwest Nevada","docAbstract":"Detailed gravity and ground magnetic data collected along surveyed traverses across Midway Valley, on the eastern flank of Yucca Mountain, Nevada reveal that these methods can be used to delineate concealed faults. These studies are part of an effort to evaluate faulting in the vicinity of the proposed surface facilities for a potential nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. The largest gravity and magnetic anomaly in the vicinity of Midway Valley is associated with the Paintbrush fault on the west flank of Alice Ridge. Geophysical data infer a vertical offset of about 200 m (650 ft). Another prominent gravity and magnetic anomaly is associated with the Bow Ridge fault in the western part of Midway Valley.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D., 1993, Geophysical investigations of concealed faults near Yucca Mountain, Southwest Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 168-174.","startPage":"168","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2832e4b0c8380cd59f02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, D. A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018017,"text":"70018017 - 1993 - Continuum-mechanics-based rheological formulation for debris flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:21","indexId":"70018017","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Continuum-mechanics-based rheological formulation for debris flow","docAbstract":"This paper aims to assess the validity of the generalized viscoplastic fluid (GVF) model in the light of both the classical relative-viscosity versus concentration relation and the dimensionless stress versus shear-rate squared relations based on kinetic theory, thereby addressing how to evaluate the rheological parameters of the GVF model using Bagnold's data.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., and Ling, C., 1993, Continuum-mechanics-based rheological formulation for debris flow, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993.","startPage":"1414","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228362,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fa64e4b0c8380cd4daab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536417,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ling, Chi-Hai","contributorId":55154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ling","given":"Chi-Hai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018005,"text":"70018005 - 1993 - Measurement of bridge scour at the SR-32 crossing of the Sacramento River at Hamilton City, California, 1987-92","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70018005","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Measurement of bridge scour at the SR-32 crossing of the Sacramento River at Hamilton City, California, 1987-92","docAbstract":"A study of the State Route 32 crossing of the Sacramento River near Hamilton City, California, is being made to determine those channel and bridge factors that contribute to scour at the site. Three types of scour data have been measured-channel bed (natural) scour, constriction (general) scour, and local (bridge-pier induced) scour. During the years 1979-93, a maximum of 3.4 ft of channel bed scour, with a mean of 1.4 ft, has been measured. Constriction scour, which may include channel bed scour, has been measured at the site nine times during the years 1987-92. The calculated amount of constriction scour ranged from 0.2 to 3.0 ft, assuming the reference is the mean bed elevation. Local scour was measured four times at the site in 1991 and 1992 and ranged from -2.1 (fill) to 11.6 ft , with the calculated amounts dependent on the bed reference elevation and method of computation used. Surveys of the channel bed near the bridge piers indicate the horizontal location of lowest bed elevation (maximum depth of scour) may vary at least 17 ft between different surveys at the same pier and most frequently is located downstream from the upstream face of the pier.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, J.C., and Harris, C.D., 1993, Measurement of bridge scour at the SR-32 crossing of the Sacramento River at Hamilton City, California, 1987-92, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 1860-1865.","startPage":"1860","endPage":"1865","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a52f6e4b0c8380cd6c7b0","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536416,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, J. C.","contributorId":32154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harris, Carroll D.","contributorId":71335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Carroll","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017854,"text":"70017854 - 1993 - Geomorphic observations of rivers in the Oregon Coast Range from a regional reconnaissance perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T22:22:46.191786","indexId":"70017854","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic observations of rivers in the Oregon Coast Range from a regional reconnaissance perspective","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Changes in long profile, gradient, gradient index, pseudo-hypsometric integral, valley incision, and sinuosity fractal dimension for rivers in western Oregon were studied to determine their usefulness in assessing an hypothesis of differential uplift within the Coast Range. All data were gathered from topographic quadrangles and geologic maps, and so the results of this paper are limited to the description of river forms with only limited interpretations. Rivers were naturally divided into three groups, those in the western Coast Range, the eastern Coast Range, and the Klamath and Cascade Ranges, and differences in river morphometry were generalized. Rivers in the western Coast Range had more divergent characteristics, whereas those in the other groups were more similar within each group. For example, long profiles of western Coast Range rivers had diverse forms, but in the other groups, long profiles were similar within the group. Pseudo-hypsometric integrals had a wide scatter in the western Coast Range, but in the other ranges, the pseudo-hypsometric integral was more narrowly defined. Valley entrenchment and high sinuosity were common in the western Coast Range, and were less visible in the eastern Coast Range.</p><p>These regional generalizations do not hold for the central Coast Range near 44.5°N where the Yaquina and Marys Rivers are located. In the eastern Coast Range, the Marys River is unique in that it has a convex bulge in its long profile, does not have an increasing valley-floor width to valley height ratio downstream, and has a high sinuosity fractal dimension. In the western Coast Range, the Yaquina River is unique in that it has a smoothly decreasing long profile, has a very low pseudo-hypsometric integral, and does not have a decreasing valley-floor width to valley height ratio downstream. There may be many explanations for these observations, but these observations are also consistent with tectonic interpretations that the central western Coast Range is the locus of synclinal tilting and that the entire Oregon coast is experiencing landward tilting and uplift.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(93)90043-2","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Rhea, S., 1993, Geomorphic observations of rivers in the Oregon Coast Range from a regional reconnaissance perspective: Geomorphology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 135-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(93)90043-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2794e4b0c8380cd599f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhea, S.","contributorId":59958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017843,"text":"70017843 - 1993 - Carbon isotopic data from test hole USW UZ-1, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70017843","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Carbon isotopic data from test hole USW UZ-1, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Rock-CO2-gas analyses in test hole USW UZ-1 at Yucca Mountain indicate that gas movement in the unsaturated zone is likely through a dry-fracture system with little porewater or caliche-calcite interaction. This is because near-surface ??13C values are of biogenic origin and have changed little throughout the total depth. Post-bomb 14C activity is observed to the depth of about 12 m. An abrupt change in plotted 14C/depth slope is seen at 61 m. The less steep upper segment corresponds to the zone with greater porosity and moisture content, and consequently more tortuosity, with an estimated traveltime of 1.27 cm/yr; the steeper sloped zone corresponding to the lower segment has smaller porosity and moisture content but larger fracture density for gas transport, with an estimated traveltime of 3.26 cm/yr.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Yang, I., Peters, C., and Thorstenson, D., 1993, Carbon isotopic data from test hole USW UZ-1, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 401-406.","startPage":"401","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f368e4b0c8380cd4b7be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, In C.","contributorId":70424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"In C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, C.A.","contributorId":29794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorstenson, D.C.","contributorId":47377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorstenson","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018035,"text":"70018035 - 1993 - Fluid inclusion studies of ejected nodules from plinian eruptions of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70018035","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluid inclusion studies of ejected nodules from plinian eruptions of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius","docAbstract":"Mt. Somma-Vesuvius (Naples, Italy) has erupted potassium-rich and silica-undersaturated products during a complicated history of plinian and non-plinian events. Coarse-grained cognate nodules are commonly found in the pyroclastics and are upper crustal in origin. We examined cumulate and subeffusive nodules from the 3800 y.B.P. Avellino. A.D. 79 Pompei, and A.D. 472 Pollena eruptions. Silicate-melt and liquid-vapor fluid inclusion studies in clinopyroxene from both types of nodules have been used to assess the fluids attending crystallization and to place constraints on the pressure and temperature of nodule formation. Thermometric and volumetric data from primary and pseudosecondary CO2-H2O and CO2 and coeval silicate-melt fluid inclusions indicate that they were trapped at a pressure of ???1 to ???2.5 kbar at ???1200??C. This suggests a crystallization depth of ???4 to ???10 km. The H2O-bearing fluid inclusions are abundant from plinian eruptions in contrast to non-plinian eruptions where H2O-bearing fluid inclusions were rare. The presence of primary H2O-CO2 fluid inclusions indicates that an immiscible, supercritical H2O-CO2 fluid was in the nodule-forming environment. The H2O-bearing fluid inclusions in plinian nodules may record a higher pre-eruptive H2O content in the bulk magma that is dramatically reflected in the eruption dynamics. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Belkin, H., and de Vivo, B., 1993, Fluid inclusion studies of ejected nodules from plinian eruptions of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 58, no. 1-4, p. 89-100.","startPage":"89","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228643,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"58","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1273e4b0c8380cd542e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belkin, H. E. 0000-0001-7879-6529","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7879-6529","contributorId":38160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belkin","given":"H. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Vivo, B.","contributorId":50549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Vivo","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018006,"text":"70018006 - 1993 - Summary of the mineral- and energy-resource endowment, BLM roswell resource area, east-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70018006","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Summary of the mineral- and energy-resource endowment, BLM roswell resource area, east-central New Mexico","docAbstract":"In this summary of two comprehensive resource reports produced by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, we discuss the mineral- and energyresource endowment of the 14-millon-acre Roswell Resource Area, New Mexico, managed by the Bureau of Land Management. The Bureau and Survey reports result from separate studies that are compilations of published and unpublished data and integrate new findings on the geology, geochemistry, geophysics, mineral, industrial, and energy commodities, and resources for the seven-county area. The reports have been used by the Bureau of Land Management in preparation of the Roswell Resource Area Resource Management Plan, and will have future use in nationwide mineral- and energy-resource inventories and assessments, as reference and training documents, and as public-information tools. In the Roswell Resource Area, many metals, industrial mineral commodities, and energy resources are being, or have been, produced or prospected. These include metals and high-technology materials, such as copper, gold, silver, thorium, uranium and/or vanadium, rare-earth element minerals, iron, manganese, tungsten, lead, zinc, and molybdenum; industrial mineral resources, including barite, limestone/dolomite, caliche, clay, fluorspar, gypsum, scoria, aggregate, and sand and gravel; and fuels and associated resources, such as oil, gas, tar sand and heavy oil, coal, and gases associated with hydrocarbons. Other commodities that have yet to be identified in economic concentrations include potash, halite, polyhalite, anhydrite, sulfur, feldspar, building stone and decorative rock, brines, various gases associated with oil and gas exploration, and carbon dioxide. ?? 1993 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF02257538","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Bartsch-Winkler, S., Sutphin, D.M., Ball, M.M., Korzeb, S., Kness, R., and Dutchover, J., 1993, Summary of the mineral- and energy-resource endowment, BLM roswell resource area, east-central New Mexico: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 2, no. 4, p. 262-283, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02257538.","startPage":"262","endPage":"283","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":206176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02257538"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9efee4b08c986b31e289","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartsch-Winkler, S.","contributorId":31388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartsch-Winkler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutphin, D. M.","contributorId":27424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutphin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ball, M. M.","contributorId":46941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Korzeb, S.L.","contributorId":49802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Korzeb","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kness, R. F.","contributorId":53004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kness","given":"R. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dutchover, J.T.","contributorId":51039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutchover","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70187581,"text":"70187581 - 1993 - An earth remote sensing satellite- 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Mosaic of the Tanana River Basin in Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T13:55:15","indexId":"70187581","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An earth remote sensing satellite- 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Mosaic of the Tanana River Basin in Alaska ","docAbstract":"<p>Because the pixel location in a line of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image data is directly related to the distance the pixel is from the radar, terrain elevations cause large displacement errors in the geo-referenced location of the pixel. This is especially true for radar systems with small angles between the nadir and look vectors. Thus, to geo-register a SAR image accurately, the terrain of the area must be taken into account. (Curlander et al., 1987; Kwok et al., 1987, Schreier et al., 1990; Wivell et al., 1992). As part of the 1992 National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System Version 0 activities, a prototype SAR geocod-. ing and terrain correction system was developed at the US. Geological Survey's (USGS) E~os Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Using this system with 3-arc-second digital elevation models (DEMs) mosaicked at the ED^ Alaska Field Office, 21 ERS-I s.4~ scenes acquired at the Alaska SAR Facility were automatically geocoded, terrain corrected, and mosaicked. The geo-registered scenes were mosaicked using a simple concatenation. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Wivell, C.E., Olmsted, C., Steinwand, D.R., and Taylor, C., 1993, An earth remote sensing satellite- 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Mosaic of the Tanana River Basin in Alaska : Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 59, no. 4, p. 527-528.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"528","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53de4b0e541a03d454d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wivell, Charles E.","contributorId":65010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wivell","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olmsted, Coert","contributorId":191894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olmsted","given":"Coert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Christopher","contributorId":191895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017973,"text":"70017973 - 1993 - The susceptibility of rock slopes to earthquake-induced failure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-03T00:24:13.733038","indexId":"70017973","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1115,"text":"Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The susceptibility of rock slopes to earthquake-induced failure","docAbstract":"<p>Faulure of rock slopes is a major cause of damage and casualties during moderate and strong earthquakes. This article presents a method for assessing the seismic stability of rock slopes, which can be applied on a regional scale, using data from existing maps, reports, aerial photographs, and reconnaissance-level field observations. The method is based on observed associations between landslide concentrations and slope characteristics in 24 earthquakes that occurred in various parts of the world.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Engineering Geologists","usgsCitation":"Keefer, D.K., 1993, The susceptibility of rock slopes to earthquake-induced failure: Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, v. 30, no. 3, p. 353-361.","productDescription":"9.","startPage":"353","endPage":"361","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228544,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb0dce4b08c986b3250bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70184425,"text":"70184425 - 1993 - Cytonuclear genetic architecture in mosquitofish populations and the possible roles of introgressive hybridization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T14:46:28","indexId":"70184425","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cytonuclear genetic architecture in mosquitofish populations and the possible roles of introgressive hybridization","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial genetic structure in populations of mosquitofish (</span><i>Gambusia</i><span>) sampled throughout the south-eastern United States was characterized using mitochondrial (mt) DNA and allozyme markers. Both sets of data revealed a pronounced genetic discontinuity (along a broad path extending from south-eastern Mississippi to north-eastern Georgia) that corresponds to a recently recognized distinction between the nominal forms </span><i>G. affinis</i><span> to the west and </span><i>G. holbrooki</i><span>to the east. However, several populations from the general contact region exhibited unusual allelic associations in high frequency, suggestive of evolutionary processes within a zone of introgressive hybridization. These involve: (i) cytonuclear profiles representing combinations of nuclear and mitochondrial genotypes that tended to be more nearly species-specific and concordant elsewhere; and (ii) significant nuclear gametic disequilibria, perhaps attributable to positive assortative mating and/or differential fitnesses of homospecific vs. recombinant genotypes. However, outside this suspected hybrid region, ‘heterospecific’ genetic markers also appeared in low frequency, thus complicating interpretations. These discordant alleles on a broader geographic scale may reflect: (a) the retention of polymorphisms from an ancestral gene pool; (b) occasional evolutionary convergence (especially with respect to electrophoretic mobility of allozyme alleles); (c) the ‘footprints’ of a moving hybrid zone; or (d) differential introgressive penetrance across the current hybrid region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00103.x","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., and Avise, J.C., 1993, Cytonuclear genetic architecture in mosquitofish populations and the possible roles of introgressive hybridization: Molecular Ecology, v. 2, no. 3, p. 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00103.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zz768mc","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12664e4b014cc3a3d3531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avise, John C.","contributorId":182338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avise","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018044,"text":"70018044 - 1993 - Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T10:54:39","indexId":"70018044","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains","docAbstract":"Soil-water conditions provide valuable insight into the hydrologic system in an area. A soil-water balance quantitatively summarizes soil-water conditions and is based on climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics that vary spatially and temporally. Soil-water balances in the Great Plains of the central United States were simulated for 1951-1980. Results of the simulations were mean annual estimates of infiltration, runoff, actual evapotranspiration, potential recharge, and consumptive water and irrigation requirements at 152 climatic data stations. A method was developed using a geographic information system to integrate and map the simulation results on the basis of spatially variable climatic, soil, and vegetation characteristics. As an example, simulated mean annual potential recharge was mapped. Mean annual potential-recharge rates ranged from less than 0.5 inch in much of the north-central and southwestern Great Plains to more than 10 inches in parts of eastern Texas and southwestern Arkansas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Zelt, R.B., and Dugan, J.T., 1993, Simulation and mapping of soil-water conditions in the Great Plains: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 29, no. 6, p. 939-948, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x.","startPage":"939","endPage":"948","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267685,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1993.tb03255.x"},{"id":228743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"29","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8fe6e4b08c986b3191e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zelt, R. B.","contributorId":34913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zelt","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dugan, J. T.","contributorId":67890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dugan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017777,"text":"70017777 - 1993 - Deposition of Franciscan Complex cherts along the paleoequator and accretion to the American margin at tropical paleolatitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T13:24:05.912076","indexId":"70017777","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deposition of Franciscan Complex cherts along the paleoequator and accretion to the American margin at tropical paleolatitudes","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15008033\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Red radiolarian cherts from three localities within the Franciscan subduction complex of northern California contain three components of remanent magnetization which are best isolated by progressive thermal demagnetization. The first component, usually removed by 300 °C, has an<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>direction similar to the present axial-dipole field and is probably a recently acquired thermoviscous overprint. A second component, generally removed between 300 and 630 °C, has constant (normal) polarity and direction within each section and is interpreted to have been acquired by low-temperature chemical alteration during subduction and accretion at the continental margin. The third component, isolated between ∼560 and 680 °C, has both normal and reversed polarities, passes a fold test, and is inferred to have been acquired during or soon after deposition. The available paleomagnetic, biostratigraphic, and geochemical data indicate deposition of these cherts along the paleoequator (0°-2°N or S paleolatitude) between Pliensbachian and Oxfordian time as the oceanic plate moved eastward, relative to North America, beneath the equatorial zone of high biologic productivity. Between Bathonian and Cenomanian time, the chert sequences apparently moved progressively away from the paleoequator (2°-15°N or S), and were soon after accreted to the American continental margin. Plate reconstruction models for the Farallon plate corroborate low-paleolatitude trajectories from ridge crest to subduction zone (for example, from 3°S to 11°N), and they imply subsequent northward translation of the Franciscan Complex (&gt; 4,000 km) by strike-slip faulting related to relative motions between the Farallon, Kula, Pacific, and North American plates.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0766:DOFCCA>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hagstrum, J., and Murchey, B., 1993, Deposition of Franciscan Complex cherts along the paleoequator and accretion to the American margin at tropical paleolatitudes: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, no. 6, p. 766-778, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0766:DOFCCA>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"766","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228816,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059feb7e4b0c8380cd4eeac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagstrum, J.T.","contributorId":75922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murchey, B.L.","contributorId":93074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54469,"text":"wdrCT921 - 1993 - Water resources data, Connecticut, water year 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-14T17:59:40.591169","indexId":"wdrCT921","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CT-92-1","title":"Water resources data, Connecticut, water year 1992","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data for the 1992 water year for Connecticut consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. Specifically, it contains: (1) discharge records for 44 streamflow-gaging stations, and for 1 tidal volume streamflow station; (2) stage-only records for 3 tidal-gaging stations; (3) 29 partial-record or miscellaneous streamflow stations; (4) water-quality records for 13 streamflow-gaging stations, for 17 ungaged stream sites, for 1 tidal-gaging station, for 2 lakes and reservoirs,; and (5) water-level records for 46 observation wells. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 1, 2 and 3. Additional water data were collected at various sites involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Connecticut.<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrCT921","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Connecticut and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Cervione, M., Davies, B., Bohr, J., and Hunter, B., 1993, Water resources data, Connecticut, water year 1992: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CT-92-1, xii, 261 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCT921.","productDescription":"xii, 261 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":466240,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/ct-92-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177033,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/ct-92-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": 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-72.11769104003906,\n              41.29896017170126\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.08610534667969,\n              41.31907562295139\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.01606750488281,\n              41.3108238809182\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.94328308105469,\n              41.335575973123916\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.88079833984375,\n              41.321138395239565\n            ],\n            [\n              -71.86019897460938,\n              41.32242759476505\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cervione, M.A. Jr.","contributorId":68780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cervione","given":"M.A.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davies, B.S. III","contributorId":72413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"B.S.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bohr, J.R.","contributorId":40271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohr","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunter, B.W.","contributorId":80345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"B.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":250485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186920,"text":"70186920 - 1993 - Sensitivity of crustal deformation instruments to changes insecular rate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-13T21:04:58","indexId":"70186920","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of crustal deformation instruments to changes insecular rate","docAbstract":"<p><span>A variety of instruments (including borehole strainmeters, water wells, creepmeters, laser ranging and differential magnetometers) are used to monitor crustal deformation in areas that are prone to geologic hazards such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In monitoring the deformation, one typically examines the data for either a change in rate, or a simple offset in the record. However, one needs to place a statistical confidence level that the detected signal differs from the background “noise”. Calculation of the statistical confidence level may be done using the formalism of the </span><i>matched filter</i><span>, whose output is the signal-to-noise ratio, ρ. Two ingredients are needed to form a matched filter: 1) The power density spectrum of the instrument and 2) the functional form of the signal that we desire to detect. Using the available crustal deformation data from the Parkfield, California network, the background noise for individual instruments as a function of frequency, f, is estimated using the traditional method of the power density spectra. Except for two-color laser distance-ranging data, the power spectra for most of the instruments have a frequency dependence of f</span><sup>−n</sup><span> where 2≤n≤3. The confidence level with which a hypothesized signal is present is determined directly from the signal-to-noise ratio, with the numerator being a function of the signal and the denominator being a function of the power spectrum. Using a creepmeter as an example, a 0.04-mm change occurring over 1 hour, a 0.06-mm occurring over 10 hours, or 0.20-mm over 100 hours are all signals for which ρ=2 and therefore have only a 5% confidence that these signals could be background noise.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/92GL02718 ","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J.O., Quilty, E., and Breckenridge, K., 1993, Sensitivity of crustal deformation instruments to changes insecular rate: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 20, no. 2, p. 85-88, https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL02718 .","productDescription":"4 p. ","startPage":"85","endPage":"88","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f08e64e4b06911a29fa876","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, John O.","contributorId":72438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quilty, Eddie","contributorId":190885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quilty","given":"Eddie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Breckenridge, Katherine","contributorId":190888,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breckenridge","given":"Katherine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017494,"text":"70017494 - 1993 - Instrumentation for detailed bridge-scour measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:57","indexId":"70017494","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Instrumentation for detailed bridge-scour measurements","docAbstract":"A portable instrumentation system is being developed to obtain channel bathymetry during floods for detailed bridge-scour measurements. Portable scour measuring systems have four components: sounding instrument, horizontal positioning instrument, deployment mechanisms, and data storage device. The sounding instrument will be a digital fathometer. Horizontal position will be measured using a range-azimuth based hydrographic survey system. The deployment mechanism designed for this system is a remote-controlled boat using a small waterplane area, twin-hull design. An on-board computer and radio will monitor the vessel instrumentation, record measured data, and telemeter data to shore.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Landers, M.N., Mueller, D.S., and Trent, R.E., 1993, Instrumentation for detailed bridge-scour measurements, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 2063-2068.","startPage":"2063","endPage":"2068","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229026,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3c4ae4b0c8380cd62c11","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536368,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Landers, Mark N. 0000-0002-3014-0480 landers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-0480","contributorId":1103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landers","given":"Mark","email":"landers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":376650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trent, Roy E.","contributorId":26815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trent","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018370,"text":"70018370 - 1993 - A geochemical atlas of North Carolina, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T00:24:55.277633","indexId":"70018370","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A geochemical atlas of North Carolina, USA","docAbstract":"<p>A geochemical atlas of North Carolina, U.S.A., was prepared using National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) stream-sediment data. Before termination of the NURE program, sampling of nearly the entire state (48,666 square miles of land area) was completed and geochemical analyses were obtained.</p><p>The NURE data are applicable to mineral exploration, agriculture, waste disposal siting issues, health, and environmental studies. Applications in state government include resource surveys to assist mineral exploration by identifying geochemical anomalies and areas of mineralization. Agriculture seeks to identify areas with favorable (or unfavorable) conditions for plant growth, disease, and crop productivity. Trace elements such as cobalt, copper, chromium, iron, manganese, zinc, and molybdenum must be present within narrow ranges in soils for optimum growth and productivity. Trace elements as a contributing factor to disease are of concern to health professionals. Industry can use pH and conductivity data for water samples to site facilities which require specific water quality.</p><p>The North Carolina NURE database consists of stream-sediment samples, groundwater samples, and stream-water analyses. The statewide database consists of 6,744 stream-sediment sites, 5,778 groundwater sample sites, and 295 stream-water sites. Neutron activation analyses were provided for U, Br, Cl, F, Mn, Na, Al, V, Dy in groundwater and stream water, and for U, Th, Hf, Ce, Fe, Mn, Na, Sc, Ti, V, Al, Dy, Eu, La, Sm, Yb, and Lu in stream sediments. Supplemental analyses by other techniques were reported on U (extractable), Ag, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, K, Li, Mg, Mo, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, W, Y, and Zn for 4,619 stream-sediment samples. A small subset of 334 stream samples was analyzed for gold.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0375-6742(93)90056-R","issn":"03756742","usgsCitation":"Reid, J., 1993, A geochemical atlas of North Carolina, USA: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 47, no. 1-3, p. 11-27, https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(93)90056-R.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3f3e4b0c8380cd462ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, J.C.","contributorId":61052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018399,"text":"70018399 - 1993 - Gas buildup in Lake Nyos, Cameroon: The recharge process and its consequences","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-14T12:22:37.076498","indexId":"70018399","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas buildup in Lake Nyos, Cameroon: The recharge process and its consequences","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-gulliver text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id11\"><p>The gases dissolved in Lake Nyos, Cameroon, were quantified recently (December 1989 and September 1990) by two independent techniques:<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in-situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>measurements using a newly designed probe and laboratory analyses of samples collected in pre-evacuated stainless steel cylinders. The highest concentrations of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>were 0.30 mol/kg and 1.7 mmol/kg, respectively, measured in cylinders collected 1 m above lake bottom. Probe measurements of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in-situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>gas pressure at three different stations showed that horizontal variations in total dissolved gas were negligible. Total dissolved-gas pressure near the lake bottom is 1.06 MPa (10.5 atm), 50% as high as the hydrostatic pressure of 2.1 MPa (21 atm). Comparing the CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>profile constructed from the 1990 data to one obtained in May 1987 shows that CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations have increased at depths to below 150 m. Based on these profiles, the average rate of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>input to bottom waters was 2.6 × 10<sup>8</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>mol/a. Increased deep-water temperatures require an average heat flow of 0.32 MW into the hypolimnion over the same time period. The transport rates of CO<sub>2</sub>, heat, and major ions into the hypolimnion suggest that a low-temperature reservoir of free CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>exists a short distance below lake bottom and that convective cycling of lake water through the sediments is involved in transporting the CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>into the lake from the underlying diatreme. Increased CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations at all depths below the oxycline and a high<sup>14</sup>C content (41% modern) in the CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>4 m above lake bottom show that much of the CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is biologically produced within the lake. The CH<sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>production rate may vary with time, but if the CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>recharge rate remains constant, CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>saturation of the entire hypolimnion below 50 m depth would require ∼140a, given present-day concentrations.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(93)90036-G","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Evans, W.C., Kling, G., Tuttle, M.L., Tanyileke, G., and White, L.D., 1993, Gas buildup in Lake Nyos, Cameroon: The recharge process and its consequences: Applied Geochemistry, v. 8, no. 3, p. 207-221, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(93)90036-G.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480335,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/30812>","text":"External Repository"},{"id":227510,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Cameroon","otherGeospatial":"Lake Nyos","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              10.28576250671452,\n              6.448942928703474\n            ],\n            [\n              10.28576250671452,\n              6.423707894002149\n            ],\n            [\n              10.31218713674616,\n              6.423707894002149\n            ],\n            [\n              10.31218713674616,\n              6.448942928703474\n            ],\n            [\n              10.28576250671452,\n              6.448942928703474\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14c1e4b0c8380cd54b52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, William C.","contributorId":104903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kling, G.W.","contributorId":22368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kling","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tuttle, M. L.","contributorId":71992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanyileke, G.","contributorId":35882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanyileke","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, L. D.","contributorId":14330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70017483,"text":"70017483 - 1993 - The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T12:02:05","indexId":"70017483","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture","docAbstract":"The development of faults and shear fracture systems over a broad range of temperature and pressure and for a variety of rock types involves the growth and interaction of microcracks. Acoustic emission (AE), which is produced by rapid microcrack growth, is a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with brittle fracture and has provided a wealth of information regarding the failure process in rock. This paper reviews the successes and limitations of AE studies as applied to the fracture process in rock with emphasis on our ability to predict rock failure. Application of laboratory AE studies to larger scale problems related to the understanding of earthquake processes is also discussed. In this context, laboratory studies can be divided into the following categories. 1) Simple counting of the number of AE events prior to sample failure shows a correlation between AE rate and inelastic strain rate. Additional sorting of events by amplitude has shown that AE events obey the power law frequency-magnitude relation observed for earthquakes. These cumulative event count techniques are being used in conjunction with damage mechanics models to determine how damage accumulates during loading and to predict failure. 2) A second area of research involves the location of hypocenters of AE source events. This technique requires precise arrival time data of AE signals recorded over an array of sensors that are essentially a miniature seismic net. Analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of event hypocenters has improved our understanding of the progression of microcrack growth and clustering leading to rock failure. Recently, fracture nucleation and growth have been studied under conditions of quasi-static fault propagation by controlling stress to maintain constant AE rate. 3) A third area of study involves the analysis of full waveform data as recorded at receiver sites. One aspect of this research has been to determine fault plane solutions of AE source events from first motion data. These studies show that in addition to pure tensile and double couple events, a significant number of more complex event types occur in the period leading to fault nucleation. 4) P and S wave velocities (including spatial variations) and attenuation have been obtained by artificially generating acoustic pulses which are modified during passage through the sample. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D., 1993, The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 30, no. 7, p. 883-899, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B.","startPage":"883","endPage":"899","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265934,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf4de4b08c986b3246cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, D.","contributorId":102190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017878,"text":"70017878 - 1993 - Bridge-scour analysis using the water surface profile (WSPRO) model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:55","indexId":"70017878","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Bridge-scour analysis using the water surface profile (WSPRO) model","docAbstract":"A program was developed to extract hydraulic information required for bridge-scour computations, from the Water-Surface Profile computation model (WSPRO). The program is written in compiled BASIC and is menu driven. Using only ground points, the program can compute average ground elevation, cross-sectional area below a specified datum, or create a Drawing Exchange Format (DXF) fie of cross section. Using both ground points ad hydraulic information form the equal-conveyance tubes computed by WSPRO, the program can compute hydraulic parameters at a user-specified station or in a user-specified subsection of the cross section. The program can identify the maximum velocity in a cross section and the velocity and depth at a user-specified station. The program also can identify the maximum velocity in the cross section and the average velocity, average depth, average ground elevation, width perpendicular to the flow, cross-sectional area of flow, and discharge in a subsection of the cross section. This program does not include any help or suggestions as to what data should be extracted; therefore, the used must understand the scour equations and associated variables to the able to extract the proper information from the WSPRO output.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Mueller, D.S., 1993, Bridge-scour analysis using the water surface profile (WSPRO) model, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 2, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 1714-1719.","startPage":"1714","endPage":"1719","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f27ae4b0c8380cd4b1cf","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","contributorId":128306,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Shen Hsieh WenSu S.T.Wen Feng","id":536385,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, David S. dmueller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"David","email":"dmueller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017727,"text":"70017727 - 1993 - Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:30:21","indexId":"70017727","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa","docAbstract":"Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations at public water supply intakes on the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers in Iowa exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg L-1 for public water supplies established by the USEPA for extended periods of time from March through early August 1990. The excessive NO3-N levels followed 2 yr of less-than normal precipitation in 1988 and 1989. The largest daily NO3-N load (771 t) transported during the last 17 yr in the Raccoon River occurred in June 1990. The streamflow hydrograph for the Raccoon River for March 1990 prior to seasonal fertilizer application indicates that high NO3-N concentrations characterize the recession side of the hydrograph. High NO3-N concentrations in streamflow persisted as streamflow decreased to baseflow conditions. This implies that substantial quantities of NO3-N were being leached from the soil and transported by subsurface flow during early 1990. A multiple linear-regression model was developed to predict NO3-N concentrations in the Raccoon River from readily-obtainable streamflow and climatic data. The four-variable model explained about 70% of the variability in the concentration of NO3-N. The mean streamflow for the previous 7-d period accounted for about 50% of the total variability.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010005x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Lucey, K., and Goolsby, D.A., 1993, Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 1, p. 38-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010005x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Raccoon River","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b2e4b0c8380cd5139a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucey, K.J.","contributorId":70002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1013315,"text":"1013315 - 1993 - In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T09:43:28","indexId":"1013315","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes","docAbstract":"<p>Several recently published papers discussed the importance of systematics (the study of evolutionary and genetic relationships among organisms) and taxonomy (the naming and classification of organisms) for managing wildlife (Ryder 1986, Avise 1989, Amato 1991, O'Brien and Mayr 1991, Dowling et al. 1992), Often, classification below the species level is needed; for example, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 applies to local populations and subspecies as well as species. Conservation efforts may focus below the species level because of concerns about the fitness, evolutionary potentials, and locally adapted gene pools of natural populations (Soulé 1986, Hedrick and Milller 1992). This can be considered the genetic component of biodiversity.</p><p>Recent systematic studies with wildlife management applications have used modern molecular genetic methods. Analyses of a specific molecular marker, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), have been used in many of these studies (e.g., Shields and Wilson 1987, Avise and Nelson 1989, O'Brien et al. 1990, Wayne and Jenks 1991, Cronin 1992), However, there are limitations to the use of mtDNA in systematics (e.g., Overden et al., 1987, Pamilo and Nei 1988, Dowling et al. 1992). In my experience as a geneticist working with wildlife biologists, I have found a need for clarification of the use and limitations of modern molecular genetics. I specifically discuss the limitations of mtDNA data in systematic assessments of wildlife at and below the species level.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Cronin, M.A., 1993, In my experience: Mitochondrial DNA in wildlife taxonomy and conservation biology: Cautionary notes: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 21, no. 3, p. 339-348.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"348","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131205,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337961,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://wildlife.org/publications/","text":"Publisher's Website"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, Matthew A.","contributorId":57307,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cronin","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":28157,"text":"LGL Alaska Research Associates, Anchorage, AK","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}