We studied nutrient sources to the Sacramento River and Suisun Bay (northern San Francisco Bay) and the influence which these sources have on the distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in the river and bay. We found that agricultural return flow drains and a municipal wastewater treatment plant were the largest sources of nutrients to the river during low river flow. The Sutter and Colusa agricultural drains contributed about 70% of the transport of DIN and DRP by the river above Sacramento (about 20% of the total transport by the river) between August 8 and September 26, 1985. Further downstream, the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant discharged DIN and DRP at rates that were roughly 70% of total DIN and DRP transport by the river at that time. Concentrations at Rio Vista on the tidal river below the Sacramento plant and at the head of the estuary were related to the reciprocals of the river flows, indicating the importance of dilution of the Sacramento waste by river flows. During very dry years, elevated DIN and DRP concentrations were observed in Suisun Bay. We used a steady-state, one-dimensional, single-compartment box model of the bay, incorporating terms for advection, exchange, and waste input, to calculate a residual rate for all processes not included in the model. We found that the residual for DIN was related to concentrations of chlorophylla (Chla). The residual for DRP was also related to Chla at high concentrations of Chla, but showed significant losses of DRP at low Chla concentrations. These losses were typically equivalent to about 80% of the wastewater input rate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1352708","issn":"15592723","usgsCitation":"Hager, S., and Schemel, L., 1992, Sources of nitrogen and phosphorus to Northern San Francisco Bay: Estuaries, v. 15, no. 1, p. 40-52, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352708.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"52","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205530,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02690060"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.52365112304688,\n 37.40943717748788\n ],\n [\n -121.64886474609375,\n 37.40943717748788\n ],\n [\n -121.64886474609375,\n 38.190704293996504\n ],\n [\n -122.52365112304688,\n 38.190704293996504\n ],\n [\n -122.52365112304688,\n 37.40943717748788\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9388e4b08c986b31a53c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hager, S.W.","contributorId":51746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schemel, L. E.","contributorId":89529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"L. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017331,"text":"70017331 - 1992 - Desk-top model buildings for dynamic earthquake response demonstrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:49","indexId":"70017331","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Desk-top model buildings for dynamic earthquake response demonstrations","docAbstract":"Models of buildings that illustrate dynamic resonance behavior when excited by hand are designed and built. Two types of buildings are considered, one with columns stronger than floors, the other with columns weaker than floors. Combinations and variations of these two types are possible. Floor masses and column stiffnesses are chosen in order that the frequency of the second mode is approximately five cycles per second, so that first and second modes can be excited manually. The models are expected to be resonated by hand by schoolchildren or persons unfamiliar with the dynamic resonant response of tall buildings, to gain an understanding of structural behavior during earthquakes. Among other things, this experience will develop a level of confidence in the builder and experimenter should they be in a high-rise building during an earthquake, sensing both these resonances and other violent shaking.","largerWorkTitle":"NIST Special Publication","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 24th Joint Meeting on Wind and Seismic Effects","conferenceLocation":"Gaithersburg, MD, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Natl Inst of Standards & Technology","publisherLocation":"Gaithersburg, MD, United States","usgsCitation":"Brady, A.G., 1992, Desk-top model buildings for dynamic earthquake response demonstrations, in NIST Special Publication, no. 843, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, p. 435-443.","startPage":"435","endPage":"443","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224739,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"843","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ff49e4b0c8380cd4f0f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brady, A. Gerald","contributorId":85959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brady","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gerald","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81447,"text":"81447 - 1992 - Chemical regulation of spawning in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:59","indexId":"81447","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chemical regulation of spawning in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha)","docAbstract":"Previous literature suggests that spawning in bivalves is chemically regulated, both by environmental chemical cues and by internal chemical mediators. In a model proposed for zebra mussels, chemicals from phytoplankton initially trigger spawning, and chemicals associated with gametes provide further stimulus for spawning. The response to environmental chemicals is internally mediated by a pathway utilizing serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, a neurotransmitter), which acts directly on both male and female gonads. The role of serotonin and most other aspects of the model have been tested only on bivalves other than zebra mussels. The effect of serotonin on zebra mussel spawning was tested. Serotonin (10-5 and 10-3 M) injected into ripe males induced spawning, but injection of serotonin into females did not. Gametes were not released by 10-6 serotonin; in most cases, serotonin injection did not release gametes from immature recipients. Serotonin injection provides a reliable means for identifying ripe male zebra mussels and for obtaining zebra mussel sperm without the need for dissection.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Zebra mussels: Biology, impacts, and control","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Lewis Publishers","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","usgsCitation":"Ram, J.L., and Nichols, S.J., 1992, Chemical regulation of spawning in the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), chap. of Zebra mussels: Biology, impacts, and control, p. 307-314.","productDescription":"p. 307-314","startPage":"307","endPage":"314","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3898","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Nalepa, Thomas F.","contributorId":28212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nalepa","given":"Thomas F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504111,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":504110,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Ram, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":33659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ram","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, S. Jerrine","contributorId":25887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187312,"text":"70187312 - 1992 - Lower Cretaceous smarl turbidites of the Argo Abyssal Plain, Indian Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:18:03","indexId":"70187312","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":3,"text":"Organization Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5640,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","onlineIssn":"1096-7451","printIssn":"0884-5891","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":3}},"seriesNumber":"123","chapter":"5","title":"Lower Cretaceous smarl turbidites of the Argo Abyssal Plain, Indian Ocean","docAbstract":"Sediments recovered during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 123 from the Argo Abyssal Plain (AAP) consist largely of turbidites derived from the adjacent Australian continental margin. The oldest abundant turbidites are Valanginian-Aptian in age and have a mixed (smarl) composition; they contain subequal amounts of calcareous and siliceous biogenic components, as well as clay and lesser quartz. Most are thin-bedded, fine sand to mud-sized, and best described by Stow and Piper's model (1984) for fine-grained biogenic turbidites. Thicker (to 3 m), coarser-grained (medium-to-coarse sand-sized) turbidites fit Bouma's model (1962) for sandy turbidites; these generally are base-cut-out (BCDE, BDE) sequences, with B-division parallel lamination as the dominant structure. Parallel laminae most commonly concentrate quartz and/or calcispheres vs. lithic clasts or clay, but distinctive millimeter to centimeter-thick, radiolarian-rich laminae occur in both fine and coarse-grained Valanginian-Hauterivian turbidites.
AAP turbidites were derived from relatively deep parts of the continental margin (outer shelf, slope, or rise) that lay below the photic zone, but above the calcite compensation depth (CCD). Biogenic components are largely pelagic (calcispheres, foraminifers, radiolarians, nannofossils); lesser benthic foraminifers are characteristic of deep-water (abyssal to bathyal) environments. Abundant nonbiogenic components are mostly clay and clay clasts; smectite is the dominant clay species, and indicates a volcanogenic provenance, most likely the Triassic-Jurassic volcanic suite exposed along the northern Exmouth Plateau.
Lower Cretaceous smarl turbidites were generated during eustatic lowstands and may have reached the abyssal plain via Swan Canyon, a submarine canyon thought to have formed during the Late Jurassic. In contrast to younger AAP turbidites, however, Lower Cretaceous turbidites are relatively fine-grained and do not contain notably older reworked fossils. Early in its history, the northwest Australian margin provided mainly contemporaneous slope sediment to the AAP; marginal basins adjacent to the continent trapped most terrigenous detritus, and pronounced canyon incisement did not occur until Late Cretaceous and, especially, Cenozoic time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University","publisherLocation":"College Station, TX","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.123.154.1992","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., 1992, Lower Cretaceous smarl turbidites of the Argo Abyssal Plain, Indian Ocean: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 123, v. 123, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.123.154.1992.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"135","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488639,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.123.154.1992","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340546,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Argo Abyssal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 123,\n -21\n ],\n [\n 112,\n -21\n ],\n [\n 112,\n -10\n ],\n [\n 123,\n -10\n ],\n [\n 123,\n -21\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"123","publicComments":"Volume topic: Argo Abyssal Plain/Exmouth Plateau, covering Leg 123 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel JOIDES Resolution, Singapore, Republic of Sing., to Singapore, Republic of Sing., Sites 765-766, 28 August 1988 - 1 November 1988","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59030339e4b0e862d230f7f8","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Stewart, Sondra K.","contributorId":117324,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Sondra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730033,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennett, Diana","contributorId":27521,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennett","given":"Diana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730050,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mazzullo, Elsa K.","contributorId":60618,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mazzullo","given":"Elsa","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730051,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":81545,"text":"81545 - 1992 - Growth models and food conversion of cultured juvenile red abalone (Haliotis rufescens)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-26T13:43:33","indexId":"81545","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Growth models and food conversion of cultured juvenile red abalone (Haliotis rufescens)","title":"Growth models and food conversion of cultured juvenile red abalone (Haliotis rufescens)","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Abalone of the world","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Scientific Publications, Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Oxford, UK","usgsCitation":"Greenier, J., and Takekawa, J.Y., 1992, Growth models and food conversion of cultured juvenile red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), chap. of Abalone of the world, p. 527-537.","productDescription":"p. 527-537","startPage":"527","endPage":"537","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655614","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Shepherd, S.A.","contributorId":113137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepherd","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504248,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tegner, M. J.","contributorId":102029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tegner","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504246,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Guzman del Proo, S. A.","contributorId":112986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzman del Proo","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504247,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Greenier, J.L.","contributorId":77470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenier","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186441,"text":"70186441 - 1992 - Change-in-ratio methods for estimating population size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-01T11:04:55","indexId":"70186441","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Change-in-ratio methods for estimating population size","docAbstract":"Change-in-ratio (CIR) methods can provide an effective, low cost approach for estimating the size of wildlife populations. They rely on being able to observe changes in proportions of population subclasses that result from the removal of a known number of individuals from the population. These methods were first introduced in the 1940’s to estimate the size of populations with 2 subclasses under the assumption of equal subclass encounter probabilities. Over the next 40 years, closed population CIR models were developed to consider additional subclasses and use additional sampling periods. Models with assumptions about how encounter probabilities vary over time, rather than between subclasses, also received some attention. Recently, all of these CIR models have been shown to be special cases of a more general model. Under the general model, information from additional samples can be used to test assumptions about the encounter probabilities and to provide estimates of subclass sizes under relaxations of these assumptions. These developments have greatly extended the applicability of the methods. CIR methods are attractive because they do not require the marking of individuals, and subclass proportions often can be estimated with relatively simple sampling procedures. However, CIR methods require a carefully monitored removal of individuals from the population, and the estimates will be of poor quality unless the removals induce substantial changes in subclass proportions. In this paper, we review the state of the art for closed population estimation with CIR methods. Our emphasis is on the assumptions of CIR methods and on identifying situations where these methods are likely to be effective. We also identify some important areas for future CIR research.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2001: Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"978-94-011-2868-1","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., and Pollock, K.H., 1992, Change-in-ratio methods for estimating population size, chap. of Wildlife 2001: Populations, p. 90-101.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356080,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-2868-1_9"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e4b0b3e4b09da6799977a1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCullough, Dale R.","contributorId":113841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688473,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, Reginald H.","contributorId":48261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"Reginald","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688474,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":688471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016808,"text":"70016808 - 1992 - Fault stability under conditions of variable normal stress","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-13T01:01:58.635394","indexId":"70016808","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fault stability under conditions of variable normal stress","docAbstract":"The stability of fault slip under conditions of varying normal stress is modeled as a spring and slider system with rate- and state-dependent friction. Coupling of normal stress to shear stress is achieved by inclining the spring at an angle, ø, to the sliding surface. Linear analysis yields two conditions for unstable slip. The first, of a type previously identified for constant normal stress systems, results in instability if stiffness is below a critical value. Critical stiffness depends on normal stress, constitutive parameters, characteristic sliding distance and the spring angle. Instability of the first type is possible only for velocity-weakening friction. The second condition yields instability if spring angle ø < -cot −1μss, where μss is steady-state sliding friction. The second condition can arise under conditions of velocity strengthening or weakening. Stability fields for finite perturbations are investigated by numerical simulation.
A semi-implicit finite difference formulation for the numerical solution of three-dimensional tidal circulation is presented. The governing equations are the three-dimensional Reynolds equations in which the pressure is assumed to be hydrostatic. A minimal degree of implicitness has been introduced in the finite difference formula so that in the absence of horizontal viscosity the resulting algorithm is unconditionally stable at a minimal computational cost. When only one vertical layer is specified this method reduces, as a particular case, to a semi-implicit scheme for the solutions of the corresponding two-dimensional shallow water equations. The resulting two- and three-dimensional algorithm is fast, accurate and mass conservative. This formulation includes the simulation of flooding and drying of tidal flats, and is fully vectorizable for an efficient implementation on modern vector computers.
","conferenceTitle":"Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"1992","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, Fla","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Casulli, V., and Cheng, R.T., 1992, A semi-implicit finite difference model for three-dimensional tidal circulation,, Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, Tampa, Fla, 1992, p. 620-631.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"620","endPage":"631","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325525,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5791f22be4b0a1ebd3ad4c6e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Casulli, V.","contributorId":65994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casulli","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, R. T.","contributorId":23138,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheng","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":641986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70171430,"text":"70171430 - 1992 - Sensitivity of ground - water recharge estimates to climate variability and change, Columbia Plateau, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T12:40:07","indexId":"70171430","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2316,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of ground - water recharge estimates to climate variability and change, Columbia Plateau, Washington","docAbstract":"The sensitivity of groundwater recharge estimates was investigated for the semiarid Ellensburg basin, located on the Columbia Plateau, Washington, to historic and projected climatic regimes. Recharge was estimated for predevelopment and current (1980s) land use conditions using a daily energy-soil-water balance model. A synthetic daily weather generator was used to simulate lengthy sequences with parameters estimated from subsets of the historical record that were unusually wet and unusually dry. Comparison of recharge estimates corresponding to relatively wet and dry periods showed that recharge for predevelopment land use varies considerably within the range of climatic conditions observed in the 87-year historical observation period. Recharge variations for present land use conditions were less sensitive to the same range of historical climatic conditions because of irrigation. The estimated recharge based on the 87-year historical climatology was compared with adjustments to the historical precipitation and temperature records for the same record to reflect CO2-doubling climates as projected by general circulation models (GCMs). Two GCM scenarios were considered: an average of conditions for three different GCMs with CO2 doubling, and a most severe “maximum” case. For the average GCM scenario, predevelopment recharge increased, and current recharge decreased. Also considered was the sensitivity of recharge to the variability of climate within the historical and adjusted historical records. Predevelopment and current recharge were less and more sensitive, respectively, to the climate variability for the average GCM scenario as compared to the variability within the historical record. For the maximum GCM scenario, recharge for both predevelopment and current land use decreased, and the sensitivity to the CO2-related climate change was larger than sensitivity to the variability in the historical and adjusted historical climate records.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/91JD01788","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., 1992, Sensitivity of ground - water recharge estimates to climate variability and change, Columbia Plateau, Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres, v. 97, no. D3, p. 2821-2833, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JD01788.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"2821","endPage":"2833","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321917,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"D3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dce4b0ee97d51a8400","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, John J. jvaccaro@usgs.gov","contributorId":5848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"John","email":"jvaccaro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":630961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017027,"text":"70017027 - 1992 - Decomposition techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-16T10:58:18.401377","indexId":"70017027","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Decomposition techniques","docAbstract":"Sample decomposition is a fundamental and integral step in the procedure of geochemical analysis. It is often the limiting factor to sample throughput, especially with the recent application of the fast and modern multi-element measurement instrumentation. The complexity of geological materials makes it necessary to choose the sample decomposition technique that is compatible with the specific objective of the analysis. When selecting a decomposition technique, consideration should be given to the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the sample, elements to be determined, precision and accuracy requirements, sample throughput, technical capability of personnel, and time constraints. This paper addresses these concerns and discusses the attributes and limitations of many techniques of sample decomposition along with examples of their application to geochemical analysis. The chemical properties of reagents as to their function as decomposition agents are also reviewed. The section on acid dissolution techniques addresses the various inorganic acids that are used individually or in combination in both open and closed systems. Fluxes used in sample fusion are discussed. The promising microwave-oven technology and the emerging field of automation are also examined. A section on applications highlights the use of decomposition techniques for the determination of Au, platinum group elements (PGEs), Hg, U, hydride-forming elements, rare earth elements (REEs), and multi-elements in geological materials. Partial dissolution techniques used for geochemical exploration which have been treated in detail elsewhere are not discussed here; nor are fire-assaying for noble metals and decomposition techniques for X-ray fluorescence or nuclear methods be discussed.
A magnitude 4.7 earthquake occurred near Parkfield, California, on October 20, 992, at 05:28 UTC (October 19 at 10:28 p.m. local or Pacific Daylight Time).This moderate shock, interpreted as the potential foreshock of a damaging earthquake on the San Andreas fault, triggered long-standing federal, state and local government plans to issue a public warning of an imminent magnitude 6 earthquake near Parkfield. Although the predicted earthquake did not take place, sophisticated suites of instruments deployed as part of the Parkfield Earthquake Prediction Experiment recorded valuable data associated with an unusual series of events. this article describes the geological aspects of these events, which occurred near Parkfield in October 1992. The accompnaying article, an edited version of a press conference b Richard Andrews, the Director of the California Office of Emergency Service (OES), describes governmental response to the prediction.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J., 1992, The October 1992 Parkfield, California, earthquake prediction: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 23, no. 4, p. 160-169.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"169","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.585250854,\n 36.02078061497173\n ],\n [\n -120.526885986,\n 36.03577394783581\n ],\n [\n -120.236434937,\n 35.721987809328716\n ],\n [\n -120.277633667,\n 35.70414710206052\n ],\n [\n -120.585250854,\n 36.02078061497173\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56c6f94ce4b0946c65240763","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, J.","contributorId":16990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":620787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70175042,"text":"70175042 - 1992 - Data set for verification of 3-D free-surface hydrodynamic models, Carquinez Strait, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T14:16:02","indexId":"70175042","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Data set for verification of 3-D free-surface hydrodynamic models, Carquinez Strait, California","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Hydraulic Engineering Sessions Water Forum 1992","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering Sessions Water Forum 1992","conferenceDate":"August 2-6, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Baltimore, MD","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","usgsCitation":"Smith, P.E., Oltmann, R., and Simpson, M., 1992, Data set for verification of 3-D free-surface hydrodynamic models, Carquinez Strait, California, in Proceedings of the Hydraulic Engineering Sessions Water Forum 1992, Baltimore, MD, August 2-6, 1992, p. 430-435.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"430","endPage":"435","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5799db43e4b0589fa1c7e7d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, P. E.","contributorId":42951,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oltmann, R.N.","contributorId":69164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oltmann","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, M.R.","contributorId":105340,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184354,"text":"70184354 - 1992 - Threshold foraging behavior of baleen whales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-22T14:56:32.2648","indexId":"70184354","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Threshold foraging behavior of baleen whales","docAbstract":"We conducted hydroacoustic surveys for capelin Mallotus villosus in Witless Bay, Newfoundland, Canada, on 61 days during the summers of 1983 to 1985. On 32 of those days in whlch capelin surveys were conducted, we observed a total of 129 baleen whales - Including 93 humpback Megaptera novaeangliae, 31 minke Balaenoptera acutorostrata and 5 fin whales B. phvsalus. Although a few whales were observed when capelin schools were scarce, the majority (96%) of whales were observed when mean daily capelin densities exceeded 5 schools per linear km surveyed (range of means over 3 yr: 0.0 to 14.0 schools km-1). Plots of daily whale abundance (no. h-1 surveyed) vs daily capelin school density (mean no. schools km-1 surveyed) in each summer revealed that baleen whales have a threshold foraging response to capelin density. Thresholds were estimated using a simple itterative step-function model. Foraging thresholds of baleen whales (7.3, 5.0, and 5.8 schools km-1) varied between years in relation to the overall abundance of capelin schools in the study area during summer (means of 7.2, 3.3, and 5.3 schools km-1, respectively).
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Publisher","doi":"10.3354/meps084205","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., and Methven, D.A., 1992, Threshold foraging behavior of baleen whales: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 84, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps084205.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"210","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488555,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps084205","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336994,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","state":"Newfoundland","otherGeospatial":"Witless Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -52.9266357421875,\n 47.12154137528177\n ],\n [\n -52.64648437499999,\n 47.12154137528177\n ],\n [\n -52.64648437499999,\n 47.355571314854764\n ],\n [\n -52.9266357421875,\n 47.355571314854764\n ],\n [\n -52.9266357421875,\n 47.12154137528177\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"84","edition":"205","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58bfd519e4b014cc3a3ba647","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Methven, David A.","contributorId":179915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Methven","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187138,"text":"70187138 - 1992 - Debris flow rheology: Experimental analysis of fine-grained slurries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-01T09:41:51","indexId":"70187138","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Debris flow rheology: Experimental analysis of fine-grained slurries","docAbstract":"The rheology of slurries consisting of ≤2-mm sediment from a natural debris flow deposit was measured using a wide-gap concentric-cylinder viscometer. The influence of sediment concentration and size and distribution of grains on the bulk rheological behavior of the slurries was evaluated at concentrations ranging from 0.44 to 0.66. The slurries exhibit diverse rheological behavior. At shear rates above 5 s−1 the behavior approaches that of a Bingham material; below 5 s−1, sand exerts more influence and slurry behavior deviates from the Bingham idealization. Sand grain interactions dominate the mechanical behavior when sand concentration exceeds 0.2; transient fluctuations in measured torque, time-dependent decay of torque, and hysteresis effects are observed. Grain rubbing, interlocking, and collision cause changes in packing density, particle distribution, grain orientation, and formation and destruction of grain clusters, which may explain the observed behavior. Yield strength and plastic viscosity exhibit order-of-magnitude variation when sediment concentration changes as little as 2–4%. Owing to these complexities, it is unlikely that debris flows can be characterized by a single rheological model.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91WR02834","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., and Pierson, T.C., 1992, Debris flow rheology: Experimental analysis of fine-grained slurries: Water Resources Research, v. 28, no. 3, p. 841-857, https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR02834.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"841","endPage":"857","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":340217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ff0ea8e4b006455f2d6210","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pierson, Thomas C. 0000-0001-9002-4273 tpierson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9002-4273","contributorId":2498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierson","given":"Thomas","email":"tpierson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":692690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185760,"text":"70185760 - 1992 - Geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer: Effect of sediment mineralogy and particle size on the sorption of chlorobenzenes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-28T16:36:15","indexId":"70185760","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer: Effect of sediment mineralogy and particle size on the sorption of chlorobenzenes","docAbstract":"The effect of particle size, mineralogy and sediment organic carbon (SOC) on sorption of tetrachlorobenzene and pentachlorobenzene was evaluated using batch-isotherm experiments on sediment particle-size and mineralogical fractions from a sand and gravel aquifer, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Concentration of SOC and sorption of chlorobenzenes increase with decreasing particle size. For a given particle size, the magnetic fraction has a higher SOC content and sorption capacity than the bulk or non-magnetic fractions. Sorption appears to be controlled by the magnetic minerals, which comprise only 5–25% of the bulk sediment. Although SOC content of the bulk sediment is <0.1%, the observed sorption of chlorobenzenes is consistent with a partition mechanism and is adequately predicted by models relating sorption to the octanol/water partition coefficient of the solute and SOC content. A conceptual model based on preferential association of dissolved organic matter with positively-charged mineral surfaces is proposed to describe micro-scale, intergranular variability in sorption properties of the aquifer sediments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(92)90049-K","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Thurman, E.M., and Runnells, D.D., 1992, Geochemical heterogeneity in a sand and gravel aquifer: Effect of sediment mineralogy and particle size on the sorption of chlorobenzenes: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 9, no. 1-2, p. 35-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(92)90049-K.","productDescription":"20 p. ","startPage":"35","endPage":"54","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338507,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58db7639e4b0ee37af29e4f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, Larry B. II","contributorId":189675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thurman, E. Michael","contributorId":9636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Runnells, Donald D.","contributorId":189989,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Runnells","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185460,"text":"70185460 - 1992 - Reply to comment by G. de Marsily, P. Combes, and P. Goblet on \"Ground-water models cannot be validated\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T06:09:28","indexId":"70185460","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":664,"text":"Advances in Water Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reply to comment by G. de Marsily, P. Combes, and P. Goblet on \"Ground-water models cannot be validated\"","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0309-1708(92)90004-L","usgsCitation":"Bredehoeft, J., and Konikow, L.F., 1992, Reply to comment by G. de Marsily, P. Combes, and P. Goblet on \"Ground-water models cannot be validated\": Advances in Water Resources, v. 15, no. 6, p. 371-372, https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(92)90004-L.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"371","endPage":"372","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338050,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bredehoeft, J.D.","contributorId":12836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bredehoeft","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70187681,"text":"70187681 - 1992 - Data integration through region-based nominal filtering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-12T14:04:36","indexId":"70187681","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2047,"text":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Data integration through region-based nominal filtering","docAbstract":"Resource models integrating disparate nominal or class grid-cell data can be implemented by using spatial filters. Most modelling procedures do not adequately handle noise created during the process of merging and integrating multiple grid-cell data sets. Data integration can be best accomplished in an environment where ready access to statistical and database management systems support the reclassification of noise grid-cells. These systems provide access to functionality and information which support the design of the spatial filter and the evaluation of the result of the spatial filter and the resource model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02693799208901929","usgsCitation":"Fosnight, E.A., 1992, Data integration through region-based nominal filtering: International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, v. 6, no. 6, p. 469-478, https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799208901929.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"469","endPage":"478","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bfe4b044b359e486d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fosnight, Eugene A. 0000-0002-8557-3697 fosnight@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-3697","contributorId":2961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosnight","given":"Eugene","email":"fosnight@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70186971,"text":"70186971 - 1992 - Combining remote sensing techniques with simulation modelling for assessing rangeland resources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T14:11:00","indexId":"70186971","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Combining remote sensing techniques with simulation modelling for assessing rangeland resources","docAbstract":"Simulation modelling and remote sensing techniques can be used to describe ecological processes. When used together, these tools can increase our understanding of the spatial variability of ecosystems. Remotely sensed data can be combined with simulation models for predicting the accumulation of plant biomass, as surrogate variables within the models, or as correlative information for monitoring entire eco‐regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049209354357","usgsCitation":"Hanson, J.D., Anderson, G., and Haas, R.H., 1992, Combining remote sensing techniques with simulation modelling for assessing rangeland resources: Geocarto International, v. 7, no. 1, p. 99-104, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049209354357.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"104","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339808,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d445e4b0f2e20545e43d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, J. D.","contributorId":191004,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, G.L.","contributorId":56430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haas, R. H.","contributorId":57456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186979,"text":"70186979 - 1992 - Evaluation of terrain models for the geocoding and terrain correction, of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-18T11:12:27","indexId":"70186979","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1944,"text":"IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of terrain models for the geocoding and terrain correction, of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images","docAbstract":"The variability of the resolutions and the presence of artifacts cause inaccurate correction of the terrain-induced geometric distortions in synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images. To quantify the effects of these inaccuracies on SAR terrain correction, corrections of a Seasat SAR image were performed using a 1 degrees US Geological Survey (USGS) terrain model, a 7.5-min USGS terrain model, and a terrain model derived from stereoimagery acquired from SPOT. Geometric verifications of the corrected imagery showed that the resolution of the 1 degrees terrain model is not adequate to resolve many features in the Seasat image. Geometric verifications of images corrected with the two higher resolution terrain models showed localized errors as large as 52 m for mountain peaks. However, comparison of data corrected with those models shows that both produce results that differ by less than the resolution of either of them. Periodic artifacts observed in the terrain models translated to ground range differences of 18 m, which are well below the resolution of the SAR imagery.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/36.193789","usgsCitation":"Wivell, C., Steinwand, D.R., Kelly, G.G., and Meyer, D.J., 1992, Evaluation of terrain models for the geocoding and terrain correction, of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, v. 30, no. 6, p. 1137-1144, https://doi.org/10.1109/36.193789.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1137","endPage":"1144","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339851,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f725e7e4b0b7ea5451eed4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wivell, C. E.","contributorId":191046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wivell","given":"C. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":691651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, G. G.","contributorId":191047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kelly","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meyer, D. J.","contributorId":46721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":691653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187576,"text":"70187576 - 1992 - Land cover mapping of the Upper Kuskokwim Resource Management Area, Alaska, using Landsat and a digital data base approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T13:34:32","indexId":"70187576","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1175,"text":"Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Land cover mapping of the Upper Kuskokwim Resource Management Area, Alaska, using Landsat and a digital data base approach","docAbstract":"Digital land cover and terrain data for the Upper Kuskokwim Resource Management Area in south-central Alaska were produced by the U.S. Geological Survey for the U.S. Bureau of Land Management. These and other environmental data were incorporated into a digital data base to assist in the production of a land cover map and to facilitate in the management and planning of the area.
The digital data base is registered to a 50 m Universal Transverse Mercator grid and is stored on computer-compatible tape to facilitate transfer between different processing systems. The data base includes land cover classifications, terrain models (elevation, slope, aspect, solar illumination), autumn and winter Landsat multi-spectral scanner data, soils and surficial geology data, and area boundary.
The spectral classification of Landsat multi-spectral scanner data resulted in seven major classes and 24 subclasses. Major classes were forest, shrubland, dwarf scrub, herbaceous, barren, water, and other.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/07038992.1992.10855308","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., 1992, Land cover mapping of the Upper Kuskokwim Resource Management Area, Alaska, using Landsat and a digital data base approach: Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 18, no. 2, p. 62-71, https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.1992.10855308.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"71","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341005,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d54ee4b0e541a03d456b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl markon@usgs.gov","contributorId":140882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl","email":"markon@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70180681,"text":"70180681 - 1992 - Functional response and capture timing in an individual-based model: predation by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-31T13:13:30","indexId":"70180681","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Functional response and capture timing in an individual-based model: predation by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River","docAbstract":"The behavior of individual northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) preying on juvenile salmonids was modeled to address questions about capture rate and the timing of prey captures (random versus contagious). Prey density, predator weight, prey weight, temperature, and diel feeding pattern were first incorporated into predation equations analogous to Holling Type 2 and Type 3 functional response models. Type 2 and Type 3 equations fit field data from the Columbia River equally well, and both models predicted predation rates on five of seven independent dates. Selecting a functional response type may be complicated by variable predation rates, analytical methods, and assumptions of the model equations. Using the Type 2 functional response, random versus contagious timing of prey capture was tested using two related models. ln the simpler model, salmon captures were assumed to be controlled by a Poisson renewal process; in the second model, several salmon captures were assumed to occur during brief \"feeding bouts\", modeled with a compound Poisson process. Salmon captures by individual northern squawfish were clustered through time, rather than random, based on comparison of model simulations and field data. The contagious-feeding result suggests that salmonids may be encountered as patches or schools in the river.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/f92-282","usgsCitation":"Petersen, J.H., and DeAngelis, D., 1992, Functional response and capture timing in an individual-based model: predation by northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) on juvenile salmonids in the Columbia River: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 49, no. 12, p. 2551-2565, https://doi.org/10.1139/f92-282.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"2551","endPage":"2565","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334471,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5891b0bde4b072a7ac12998c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petersen, James H. petersen@usgs.gov","contributorId":23231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"James","email":"petersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057 don_deangelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":127811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","email":"don_deangelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":661997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":85333,"text":"85333 - 1992 - Application of a computer simulation model to migrating white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T11:54:03","indexId":"85333","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Application of a computer simulation model to migrating white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin","docAbstract":"The Pacific greater white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons) population has declined precipitously over the past 20 years. Loss of wetland habitat in California wintering areas has had a significant effect on the population, so recovery of the population may depend on innovative management of the few remaining wetlands. A computer simulation model, REFMOD, was applied to greater white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin, northern California, to investigate the importance of food availability and hunting disturbance to migrating and wintering populations. Time spent flying and feeding was simulated during fall and early winter, and the resulting energy expenditure was compared with energy consumed to calculate an overall energy balance. This energy balance and the ease with which waterfowl acquired needed food affected emigration rate, and thus, the waterfowl population level was directly tied to availability and distribution of food. The model validly described distances moved by geese from their Tule Lake Refuge roosting site (core) to feeding sites within the surrounding Klamath Basin arena, and exhibited a capability to simulate observed time spent feeding. Based on 25 stochastic simulations, greater white-fronted goose population dynamics were validly simulated over the fall and early-winter (P>0.8). When food was removed from the Tule Lake Refuge, simulated geese had to fly farther (P<0.0001) to find food, hastening emigration and resulting in a decline (P<0.05) in use of the Klamath Basin by geese. Although barley is normally abundant in the basin and is extensively used by geese, simulated elimination of barley in the arena did not cause a reduction in goose numbers (P>0.05). The elimination did cause an increase in the distance traveled to feed (P<0.05), but the availability of other foods in the basin (e.g., potatoes) was evidently sufficient to support the population. The elimination of hunting in the Klamath Basin, and the related decrease in disturbance of feeding birds, had little effect (P>0.05) on the distance traveled to feed or on goose numbers. A 10-fold increase in disturbance hastened emigration and reduced population levels (P<0.0001) during the season by about 30%; a 100-fold increase in disturbance reduced population levels (P<0.0001) by 85%. When goose immigration was increased to simulate an average peak population of approximately 500 000 geese, population levels remained high throughout the fall, indicating the Klamath Basin can sustain a population much larger than currently exists. This suggests food availability and disturbance levels in the Klamath Basin are not responsible for observed population declines during the last 2 decades. REFMOD can easily be used to evaluate the effects of other scenarios related to hunting regimes and food distribution and availability.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2001: Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","isbn":"978-94-011-2868-1","usgsCitation":"Frederick, R., Clark, W.R., and Takekawa, J.Y., 1992, Application of a computer simulation model to migrating white-fronted geese in the Klamath Basin, chap. of Wildlife 2001: Populations, p. 696-706.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"696","endPage":"706","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127422,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":345160,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781851668762"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab45","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCullough, Dale R.","contributorId":113841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504402,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, R.H.","contributorId":80603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504401,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Frederick, R.B.","contributorId":104841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frederick","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, William R.","contributorId":174794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":295921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":295920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}