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,{"id":56108,"text":"ofr5845 - 1957 - Artificial recharge to ground water in Oregon and Washington","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56108,"text":"ofr5845 - 1957 - Artificial recharge to ground water in Oregon and Washington","indexId":"ofr5845","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Artificial recharge to ground water in Oregon and Washington"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2529,"text":"wsp1594C - 1965 - Artificial recharge in Oregon and Washington 1962","indexId":"wsp1594C","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Artificial recharge in Oregon and Washington 1962"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2529,"text":"wsp1594C - 1965 - Artificial recharge in Oregon and Washington 1962","indexId":"wsp1594C","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"title":"Artificial recharge in Oregon and Washington 1962"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:08","indexId":"ofr5845","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"58-45","title":"Artificial recharge to ground water in Oregon and Washington","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5845","usgsCitation":"Hart, D.H., 1957, Artificial recharge to ground water in Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 58-45, 55 p., 12 pls., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5845.","productDescription":"55 p., 12 pls.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672c20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hart, D. H.","contributorId":16811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":15718,"text":"ofr5798 - 1957 - Ilmenite-bearing beach sands near Lituya Bay, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T20:18:46.713035","indexId":"ofr5798","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-98","title":"Ilmenite-bearing beach sands near Lituya Bay, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5798","usgsCitation":"Rossman, D.L., 1957, Ilmenite-bearing beach sands near Lituya Bay, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-98, Report: 11 p.; 1 Plate: 22.72 × 25.19 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5798.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 1 Plate: 22.72 × 25.19 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":391478,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7930.htm"},{"id":44734,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0098/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":44735,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":148463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lituya Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -137.939,\n              58.377\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.882,\n              58.377\n            ],\n            [\n              -136.882,\n              58.894\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.939,\n              58.894\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.939,\n              58.377\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rossman, Darwin L.","contributorId":94663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rossman","given":"Darwin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":171596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13905,"text":"ofr5840 - 1957 - Pegmatite geology of the Shelby district, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:44","indexId":"ofr5840","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"58-40","title":"Pegmatite geology of the Shelby district, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The Shelby district is divided into a northwestern and a southeastern province. The rocks in the southeastern province include various units in the Battleground schist formation and the Yorkville granodiorite. Those in the northwestern province include the Carolina gneiss, with its Shelby gneiss member, and the Toluca quartz monzonite. The Cherryville quartz monzonite forms a batholith that is just west of the boundary between the two provinces. Pegmatites related to both the Toluca and the Cherryville quartz monzonites lie in the Carolina gneiss and many dikes of pegmatite that are related to the Cherryville quartz monzonite are in the tin-spodumene belt that lies along the boundary between provinces. The rocks of the southeastern province have been bent into steep isoclinal folds; those of the northwestern province were bent into open folds and gently-dipping isoclinal folds. The rocks to the southeast have been metamorphosed in the epidote-amphibolite facies whereas the rocks to the northwest represent the amphibolite or granulite facies.\r\n\r\nThe pegmatites related to the Toluca quartz monzonite form sills, dikes, and concordant lenses in the Carolina gneiss, as well as dikes in the Toluca quartz monzonite. The bodies are unzoned and consist mainly of gneissic microcline-plagioclase-quartz pegmatite. The pegmatites related to the Cherryville quartz monzonite form dikes and disconformable lenses in the Carolina gneiss and the Toluca quartz monzonite. These pegmatites range widely in composition and many are zoned. The dikes west of the Cherryville batholith are rich in muscovite and plagioclase and may contain no microcline or only a moderate amount of microcline. Quartz cores and microcline-rich intermediate zones are common. Similar pegmatite forms dikes along the west edge of the tin-spodumene belt. The tin-spodumene belt containes albite-microcline-spodumene-quartz pegmatite. These dikes of albitic pegmatite are largest and most nearly parallel to one another south of Kings Mountain. Farther north they lie in fractures of several sets.\r\n\r\nThe main factors that affected the development of zones in the pegmatite dikes are composition of magma, temperatures of magma and wall rock, and deformation during crystallization. For best development of zones and the growth of the largest muscovite books the rate of cooling and the rate of crystal growth must be rather fast. Complete consolidation probably was reached in most dikes within a gew years after the start of crystallization.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr5840","usgsCitation":"Griffitts, W.R., 1957, Pegmatite geology of the Shelby district, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 58-40, 123 p. ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5840.","productDescription":"123 p. ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0040/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":42544,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0040/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42545,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0040/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42546,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0040/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":42547,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1958/0040/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db496619","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffitts, Wallace R.","contributorId":103260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffitts","given":"Wallace","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53663,"text":"ofr57107 - 1957 - Ground-water reconnaissance in the western part of the Mojave Desert, California : with particular respect to the boron content of well water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:41","indexId":"ofr57107","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-107","title":"Ground-water reconnaissance in the western part of the Mojave Desert, California : with particular respect to the boron content of well water","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr57107","usgsCitation":"Stone, R.S., 1957, Ground-water reconnaissance in the western part of the Mojave Desert, California : with particular respect to the boron content of well water: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-107, 102 p., 13 pls.: ill., map, tables ; 29 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr57107.","productDescription":"102 p., 13 pls.: ill., map, tables ; 29 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":100375,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-07.pdf","size":"513","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100376,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-08.pdf","size":"3240","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100377,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-09.pdf","size":"2646","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100378,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-10.pdf","size":"698","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100379,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-11.pdf","size":"379","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100380,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-12.pdf","size":"1293","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100381,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-13.pdf","size":"343","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100369,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-01.pdf","size":"557","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100370,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-02.pdf","size":"593","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100371,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-03.pdf","size":"2307","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100372,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-04.pdf","size":"2636","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100373,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-05.pdf","size":"523","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":100374,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/plate-06.pdf","size":"433","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87534,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db667103","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, R. S.","contributorId":47021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14769,"text":"ofr5767 - 1957 - Preliminary geologic map of part of the Bokan Mountain uranium-thorium area, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14769,"text":"ofr5767 - 1957 - Preliminary geologic map of part of the Bokan Mountain uranium-thorium area, Alaska","indexId":"ofr5767","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of part of the Bokan Mountain uranium-thorium area, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35035,"text":"b1154 - 1963 - Geology and ore deposits of the Bokan Mountain uranium-thorium area, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"b1154","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Bokan Mountain uranium-thorium area, southeastern Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35035,"text":"b1154 - 1963 - Geology and ore deposits of the Bokan Mountain uranium-thorium area, southeastern Alaska","indexId":"b1154","publicationYear":"1963","noYear":false,"title":"Geology and ore deposits of the Bokan Mountain uranium-thorium area, southeastern Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:04","indexId":"ofr5767","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-67","title":"Preliminary geologic map of part of the Bokan Mountain uranium-thorium area, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr5767","usgsCitation":"MacKevett, E., 1957, Preliminary geologic map of part of the Bokan Mountain uranium-thorium area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-67, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5767.","productDescription":"5 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":111249,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/10608","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":148784,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67beb9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKevett, E.M. Jr.","contributorId":58613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKevett","given":"E.M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":54090,"text":"ofr57105 - 1957 - Geology of power sites on the upper tributaries of the Columbia River in Idaho and Montana; Part 4., Interim report on selected power sites between miles 36 and 72, Flathead Lake, Lake and Sanders Counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:37","indexId":"ofr57105","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-105","title":"Geology of power sites on the upper tributaries of the Columbia River in Idaho and Montana; Part 4., Interim report on selected power sites between miles 36 and 72, Flathead Lake, Lake and Sanders Counties, Montana","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr57105","usgsCitation":"Soward, K.S., 1957, Geology of power sites on the upper tributaries of the Columbia River in Idaho and Montana; Part 4., Interim report on selected power sites between miles 36 and 72, Flathead Lake, Lake and Sanders Counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-105, 118 p.; 5 pls., 5 figs., 4 tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr57105.","productDescription":"118 p.; 5 pls., 5 figs., 4 tables","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":178276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0105/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87822,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0105/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87823,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0105/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87824,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0105/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87825,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0105/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87826,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0105/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87827,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0105/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db68368b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soward, Kenneth S.","contributorId":39351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soward","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":249185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53638,"text":"ofr57123 - 1957 - A reconnaissance report on the geology and hydrology of the western part of the province of Fezzan, United Kingdom of Libya","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:42","indexId":"ofr57123","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-123","title":"A reconnaissance report on the geology and hydrology of the western part of the province of Fezzan, United Kingdom of Libya","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr57123","usgsCitation":"Whitcomb, H.A., 1957, A reconnaissance report on the geology and hydrology of the western part of the province of Fezzan, United Kingdom of Libya: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-123, vi, 102 p. : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr57123.","productDescription":"vi, 102 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0123/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":87519,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0123/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":87520,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0123/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a856c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitcomb, Harold A.","contributorId":102868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitcomb","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55778,"text":"ofr5771 - 1957 - Supplemental irrigation in Maryland in 1957","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T08:46:41","indexId":"ofr5771","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-71","title":"Supplemental irrigation in Maryland in 1957","docAbstract":"This memorandum was prepared to accommodate requests for information on the extent and amount of supplemental irrigation in Maryland and the sources of water used for this purpose.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5771","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Maryland Department of Geology, Mines, and Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Meyer, G., 1957, Supplemental irrigation in Maryland in 1957: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-71, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5771.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287396,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0071/report.pdf"},{"id":287397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -79.4877,37.8886 ], [ -79.4877,39.723 ], [ -75.0492,39.723 ], [ -75.0492,37.8886 ], [ -79.4877,37.8886 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69776d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, Gerald","contributorId":76721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Gerald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":46033,"text":"ofr5792 - 1957 - Map and graph showing land subsidence and ground-water level in Santa Clara Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46033,"text":"ofr5792 - 1957 - Map and graph showing land subsidence and ground-water level in Santa Clara Valley, California","indexId":"ofr5792","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Map and graph showing land subsidence and ground-water level in Santa Clara Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":2517,"text":"wsp1619C - 1962 - Subsidence in the Santa Clara Valley, California: A progress report","indexId":"wsp1619C","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Subsidence in the Santa Clara Valley, California: A progress report"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":2517,"text":"wsp1619C - 1962 - Subsidence in the Santa Clara Valley, California: A progress report","indexId":"wsp1619C","publicationYear":"1962","noYear":false,"title":"Subsidence in the Santa Clara Valley, California: A progress report"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:13","indexId":"ofr5792","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-92","title":"Map and graph showing land subsidence and ground-water level in Santa Clara Valley, California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5792","usgsCitation":"Poland, J.F., and Green, J.H., 1957, Map and graph showing land subsidence and ground-water level in Santa Clara Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-92, 1 map., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5792.","productDescription":"1 map.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a2b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poland, J. F.","contributorId":64223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Green, J. H.","contributorId":43312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":232492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":13185,"text":"ofr5728 - 1957 - Preliminary results of test drilling between Lake McMillan and Major Johnson Springs, Eddy County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:55","indexId":"ofr5728","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-28","title":"Preliminary results of test drilling between Lake McMillan and Major Johnson Springs, Eddy County, New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr5728","usgsCitation":"Cox, E.R., 1957, Preliminary results of test drilling between Lake McMillan and Major Johnson Springs, Eddy County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-28, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5728.","productDescription":"21 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":95109,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0028/report.pdf","size":"8846","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":146883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0028/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aace4b07f02db66ac8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cox, Edward Riley","contributorId":40966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"Riley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":56096,"text":"ofr57108 - 1957 - The spacing of pumped wells","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":56096,"text":"ofr57108 - 1957 - The spacing of pumped wells","indexId":"ofr57108","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"The spacing of pumped wells"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":1022,"text":"wsp1545C - 1964 - Shortcuts and special problems in aquifer tests","indexId":"wsp1545C","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Shortcuts and special problems in aquifer tests"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":1022,"text":"wsp1545C - 1964 - Shortcuts and special problems in aquifer tests","indexId":"wsp1545C","publicationYear":"1964","noYear":false,"title":"Shortcuts and special problems in aquifer tests"},"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-01T09:31:07","indexId":"ofr57108","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-108","title":"The spacing of pumped wells","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr57108","usgsCitation":"Theis, C., 1957, The spacing of pumped wells: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-108, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr57108.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":366064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0108/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0108/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a62e4b07f02db636370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theis, C.V.","contributorId":101641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theis","given":"C.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12677,"text":"ofr5711 - 1957 - The role of lead and excess oxygen in uranite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T07:41:42","indexId":"ofr5711","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-11","title":"The role of lead and excess oxygen in uranite","docAbstract":"<p>Analysed samples of uraninite were x-rayed, annealed by heating to 550&deg; and 900&deg; for various times in a nitrogen atmosphere, and x-rayed again. A decrease in unit cell size was generally observed. Calculations on the basis of Vegard's Law showed that the ordering of the interstitial oxygen ions could account for the decrease in cell size on annealing. The interstitial oxygens are not necessarily completely disordered before annealing. The degree of original disorder is dependent on the Rare Earth/ThO<sub>2</sub> ratio; for high ThO<sub>2</sub> and low rare earths, the interstitial oxygens are completely random. The degree of disorder apparently depends solely on the composition, and not on the past history of the sample; this implies that the oxygens are being continuously disordered, perhaps by alpha particles, to the equilibrium point determined by the R.E./ThO<sub>2</sub> ratio. The degree of ordering of the interstitial oxygens also accounts for the difference in cell size between vein pitchblendes and those from the sediments of the Colorado Plateau.</p>\n<br>\n<p>A study was also made of the degree of oxidation of uraninites. Although the uranium in many pegmatitic uraninites is more oxidized than can be obtained with the cubic UO<sub>2</sub> phase in the laboratory, if the atoms proxying for uranium are calculated into the structural formula, and the lead is assumed to be radiogenic and calculated as original uranium, almost all pegmatitic uraninites fall into the range of interstitial oxygen content obtainable in the laboratory. This fact supports the auto-oxidation hypothesis.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Many of the vein and sedimentary pitchblendes have compositions close to U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, although they are cubic. They may gave crystallized as U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub>, the decomposed to the cubic phase and a amorphous phase. This suggests that the stability range of U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> includes only very exceptional natural conditions.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Vegard's Law calculations, studies of zoning in crystals, differential leaching, polished section textures, and other lines of evidence indicate that lead, including radiogenic lead, is exsolved from uraninite. A study of x-ray line intensities indicates that it exsolves as oriented monomolecular layers of orthohombic PbO (massicot) along cube planes in the uraninite, separating the uraninite crystallites so that the x-ray reflections interfere destructively to different degrees for different reflections.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5711","collaboration":"This report concerns work done on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission","usgsCitation":"Berman, R.M., 1957, The role of lead and excess oxygen in uranite: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-11, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5711.","productDescription":"100 p.","numberOfPages":"146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287353,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0011/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berman, Robert Morris","contributorId":36145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berman","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"Morris","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14401,"text":"ofr5760 - 1957 - Records available to September 30, 1956, on use of water in the Delaware Basin Project area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T08:30:12","indexId":"ofr5760","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-60","title":"Records available to September 30, 1956, on use of water in the Delaware Basin Project area","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this report is to summarize data on the use of water in the Delaware Basin Project area (fig. 2) and to list the principal data sources that are available in published form. The tables and bibliography will assist Geological Survey personnel  assigned to the Delaware Basin Project in evaluating the scope and deficiencies of previous studies of the basin. Information is also given on the use of water by public supplies in the New York-New Jersey region comprising the New York City Metropolitan Area and in the remaining north-central and south-eastern parts of New Jersey. These regions may depend increasingly on water from the Delaware River basin for part of their public supplies.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The Geological Survey has the responsibility for appraising and describing the water resources of the Nation as a guide to use, development, control, and conservation of these resources. Cooperative Federal-State water-resources investigations in the Delaware Basin States have been carried on the the Geological Survey for more than 50 years. In July 1956 the Survey began the \"Delaware Basin Project,\" a hydrologic study of the Delaware River basin in order to: 1) Determine present status and trends in water availability, quality, and use, 2) assess and improve the adequacy of the Survey's basic water data program in the basin, 3) interpret and evaluate the water-resources data in terms of past and possible future water-use and land-use practices, and 4) disseminate promptly the results of this investigation for the benefit of all interested agencies and the general public. The Geological Survey is working closely with the U.S. Corps of Engineers and other cooperating Federal and State agencies in providing water data which will contribute to the present coordinated investigation aimed at developing a plan for long-range water development in the Delaware River basin.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Estimates of quantities of water used are given for water withdrawn from streams and aquifers during calendar year 1955, as compiled or estimated from publications and manuscripts prepared between 1950 and 1956. All quantities are given in millions of gallons per day (mgd). The source of the water used, ground or surface, and the type of use to which is was put -- public supply, industrial supply, irrigation, or rural use -- is given. Use of water for hydroelectric power was not compiled for this report. Most tables in this report do not subdivide withdrawals into fresh and saline water; however, most supplies are fresh, except some of those withdrawn directly from the Delaware River downstream from Philadelphia, Pa. All quantities are expressed as an average rate for a full year and are lower, therefore, than rates resulting from the increased demand for water during the summer for air conditioning and supplemental irrigation.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The primary emphasis of this study was to get an over-all picture of water use throughout large parts of the basin. Therefore, publications relating to a dingle city or county, other than New York City, seldom were used; revisions and refinement based on such sources of information are best made by the field personnel most familiar with locally filed publications and published data. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr5760","usgsCitation":"Kammerer, J., 1957, Records available to September 30, 1956, on use of water in the Delaware Basin Project area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-60, ii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5760.","productDescription":"ii, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"37","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287384,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0060/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","otherGeospatial":"Delaware Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.0,39.0 ], [ -76.0,42.0 ], [ -75.0,42.0 ], [ -75.0,39.0 ], [ -76.0,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63579e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kammerer, John C.","contributorId":53815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"John C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13953,"text":"ofr5750 - 1957 - Core logs from Searles Lake, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13953,"text":"ofr5750 - 1957 - Core logs from Searles Lake, California","indexId":"ofr5750","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Core logs from Searles Lake, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":34560,"text":"b1045E - 1959 - Core logs from Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California","indexId":"b1045E","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Core logs from Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":34560,"text":"b1045E - 1959 - Core logs from Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California","indexId":"b1045E","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Core logs from Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:53","indexId":"ofr5750","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-50","title":"Core logs from Searles Lake, California","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr5750","usgsCitation":"Haines, D.V., 1957, Core logs from Searles Lake, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-50, 18 p., 7 plates :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5750.","productDescription":"18 p., 7 plates :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685682","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haines, David Vincent","contributorId":97477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"Vincent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":12413,"text":"ofr571 - 1957 - Geology of the Hyde Park quadrangle, Vermont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:30","indexId":"ofr571","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-1","title":"Geology of the Hyde Park quadrangle, Vermont","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr571","usgsCitation":"Albee, A.L., 1957, Geology of the Hyde Park quadrangle, Vermont: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-1, 139 p, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr571.","productDescription":"139 p","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":144331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":40643,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40644,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40645,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40646,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40647,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40648,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40649,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40650,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40651,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40652,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40653,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40654,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40655,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40656,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40657,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40658,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40659,"rank":416,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":40660,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67eadf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albee, Arden Leroy","contributorId":83912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albee","given":"Arden","email":"","middleInitial":"Leroy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":13603,"text":"ofr5743 - 1957 - Report on molybdenite in northeastern Wisconsin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13603,"text":"ofr5743 - 1957 - Report on molybdenite in northeastern Wisconsin","indexId":"ofr5743","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Report on molybdenite in northeastern Wisconsin"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":34854,"text":"b1182E - 1965 - Investigations of molybdenum deposits in the conterminous United States, 1942-60","indexId":"b1182E","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Investigations of molybdenum deposits in the conterminous United States, 1942-60"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":34854,"text":"b1182E - 1965 - Investigations of molybdenum deposits in the conterminous United States, 1942-60","indexId":"b1182E","publicationYear":"1965","noYear":false,"title":"Investigations of molybdenum deposits in the conterminous United States, 1942-60"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:01","indexId":"ofr5743","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-43","title":"Report on molybdenite in northeastern Wisconsin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr5743","usgsCitation":"Fisher, D.J., 1957, Report on molybdenite in northeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-43, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5743.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":147608,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fa2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, Daniel Jerome","contributorId":82328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":168093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":23177,"text":"ofr5749 - 1957 - The trend of suspended-sediment discharge of the Brandywine Creek at Wilmington, Del., 1947-1955","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T08:21:21","indexId":"ofr5749","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-49","title":"The trend of suspended-sediment discharge of the Brandywine Creek at Wilmington, Del., 1947-1955","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents an analysis and evaluation of the trend of the sediment yield for the Brandywine Creek at Wilmington, Del., for the period from December 1946 to September 1955. The interest in such an analysis and evaluation stems from the efforts of the Brandywine Valley Association and others to reduce erosion and improve land use in the watershed.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The data used for the analysis were taken from the continuous suspended-sediment and water-discharge records of the stream at Wilmington and the precipitation records at 8 standard and 1 recording rain gages. The analysis was made on the basis of 123 storm events for this period of record using only the water and sediment discharge attributed to direct runoff. These data represent 89 percent of the total sediment discharge and 19 percent of the total water discharge.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The sediment load for each of the storm runoff events was correlated with storm runoff, rainfall intensity, and season to remove the effect, if ant, of the variation caused by these factors. The evaluation of the relative trend of sediment yield was made by two methods; first, the accumulative graph pr double mass curve as a graphical method, and second, the rank correlation method which results in a numerical coefficient and its significant. The graphical method of this evaluation shows an approximate 38 percent decrease in sediment yield for the period 1952 to 1955 from that for the period 1947 to 1951. The rank correlation coefficient was 0.152 for the same analysis showing a very high level (almost 99 percent) of confidence in the significance of a decreasing trend.</p>\n<br>\n<p>A parallel analysis to that above using \"peakedness\" instead of rainfall intensity as a measure of storm intensity was made because \"peakedness\" is easier to evaluate than rainfall intensity. The results of this analysis again indicates the probably decreasing trend of sediment yield as shown by the change in slope of the accumulative graph from 0.77 fir the 1947 to 1951 period to 1.05 for the 1952 to 1955 period or 28%, and by the rank correlation coefficient of 0.114 with a 94 percent level of confidence of a decreasing trend.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Appendix A of this report shows a similar analysis by usede of monthly sediment discharge and \"direct\" runoff as determined for an analyses of runoff patterns. The results indicate only a small decreasing trend, if any, in sediment yield. This is probably due to the fact that the correlations with rainfall  and season for adjusting these data were rather poor--indicating bias by unknown parameters that cannot be evaluated.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Appendix B presents the methodology of using rank correlation to evaluate the trend of variate-values with respect to time with special reference to the trend of sediment yield from a watershed.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5749","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared by Quality of Water Branch","usgsCitation":"Guy, H., 1957, The trend of suspended-sediment discharge of the Brandywine Creek at Wilmington, Del., 1947-1955: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-49, iv, 55 p., 1a-13a, 1b-12b, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5749.","productDescription":"iv, 55 p., 1a-13a, 1b-12b","numberOfPages":"84","temporalStart":"1946-12-01","temporalEnd":"1955-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287378,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0049/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware","city":"Wilmington","otherGeospatial":"Brandywine Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.588466,39.686794 ], [ -75.588466,39.77301 ], [ -75.470503,39.77301 ], [ -75.470503,39.686794 ], [ -75.588466,39.686794 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634b8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guy, Harold P.","contributorId":6434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guy","given":"Harold P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":14675,"text":"ofr5764 - 1957 - Notes on Eden Ridge coal field, T. 33 S., R. 11W., W. M., Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:06","indexId":"ofr5764","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-64","title":"Notes on Eden Ridge coal field, T. 33 S., R. 11W., W. M., Oregon","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr5764","usgsCitation":"Lesher, C.E., 1957, Notes on Eden Ridge coal field, T. 33 S., R. 11W., W. M., Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-64, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5764.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148870,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43425,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0064/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":43426,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db696a63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lesher, Carl Eugene","contributorId":57873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lesher","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":169825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":55769,"text":"ofr5747 - 1957 - Correlative estimates of discharge of six Illinois streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:49","indexId":"ofr5747","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-47","title":"Correlative estimates of discharge of six Illinois streams","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5747","usgsCitation":"Godfrey, R., 1957, Correlative estimates of discharge of six Illinois streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-47, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5747.","productDescription":"13 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":174352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db684080","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godfrey, R.G.","contributorId":7255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godfrey","given":"R.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":46081,"text":"ofr5723 - 1957 - Map of a part of Prince William Sound area, Alaska, showing linear geologic features as seen on aerial photographs","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":46081,"text":"ofr5723 - 1957 - Map of a part of Prince William Sound area, Alaska, showing linear geologic features as seen on aerial photographs","indexId":"ofr5723","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Map of a part of Prince William Sound area, Alaska, showing linear geologic features as seen on aerial photographs"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":64970,"text":"i273 - 1958 - Map of a part of Prince William Sound area, Alaska, showing linear geologic features as shown on aerial photographs","indexId":"i273","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Map of a part of Prince William Sound area, Alaska, showing linear geologic features as shown on aerial photographs"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":64970,"text":"i273 - 1958 - Map of a part of Prince William Sound area, Alaska, showing linear geologic features as shown on aerial photographs","indexId":"i273","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Map of a part of Prince William Sound area, Alaska, showing linear geologic features as shown on aerial photographs"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T22:26:22.779405","indexId":"ofr5723","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-23","title":"Map of a part of Prince William Sound area, Alaska, showing linear geologic features as seen on aerial photographs","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5723","usgsCitation":"Condon, W., and Cass, J.T., 1957, Map of a part of Prince William Sound area, Alaska, showing linear geologic features as seen on aerial photographs: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-23, 2 Sheets: 42.00 × 59.61 inches and 14.61 × 47.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5723.","productDescription":"2 Sheets: 42.00 × 59.61 inches and 14.61 × 47.62 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":111247,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.dggs.dnr.state.ak.us/pubs/id/10602","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":410418,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_7916.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Prince William Sound area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.89,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.89,\n              59.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              59.75\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.89,\n              61\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656c85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Condon, William H.","contributorId":48226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Condon","given":"William H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cass, John T.","contributorId":13983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cass","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":232585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":12500,"text":"ofr574 - 1957 - Estimate of underflow in the Niobrara River Basin across the Wyoming-Nebraska state line","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T07:38:47","indexId":"ofr574","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-4","title":"Estimate of underflow in the Niobrara River Basin across the Wyoming-Nebraska state line","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this report is to estimate the amount of ground water flowing across the Wyoming-Nebraska State line within the Niobrara Rive basin and to evaluate the accuracy of that estimate. The approximate effort involed in obtaining additional data to determine the underflow more accurately also is discussed.</p>\n<br>\n<p>This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Wyoming State Engineer and Director of the Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska, at the request of the Niobrara River Compact Commission. The following paragraph requesting the work is quoted from the report of the Engineering Subcommittee to the Niobrara River Compact Commission, Ainsworth, Nebr., October 29, 1956:</p>\n<br>\n<p>Need for additional data under this item is confined to ground-water data since surface-water data discussions are covered under item 1. It is recommended that the Commission request the Geological Survey in cooperation with each of the three states to develop estimates of ground-water flows across state lines, together with ground-water contour maps extending adequate distanced into each state, such estimates and maps to be based on existing data and qualified by their evaluation of resultant percentage degree of accuracy. In addition they should be requested to furnish an estimate of cost to obtain additional data necessary to bring the estimate to within a more acceptable degree of accuracy as may be desired by the Commission.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Lincoln, NE","doi":"10.3133/ofr574","usgsCitation":"Babcock, H.M., and Keech, C., 1957, Estimate of underflow in the Niobrara River Basin across the Wyoming-Nebraska state line (Revised May 1969): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-4, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr574.","productDescription":"15 p.","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287351,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0004/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Niobrara River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.623,42.362 ], [ -104.623,42.9447 ], [ -103.5919,42.9447 ], [ -103.5919,42.362 ], [ -104.623,42.362 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Revised May 1969","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Babcock, H. M.","contributorId":90698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babcock","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keech, Charles F.","contributorId":39699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keech","given":"Charles F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":166236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":56082,"text":"ofr5782 - 1957 - Correlative estimates of discharge of East Fork Bruneau River below Three Creek, near Three Creek, Idaho, for water years 1911-15, 1949-55","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:05","indexId":"ofr5782","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-82","title":"Correlative estimates of discharge of East Fork Bruneau River below Three Creek, near Three Creek, Idaho, for water years 1911-15, 1949-55","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr5782","usgsCitation":"Newell, T.R., 1957, Correlative estimates of discharge of East Fork Bruneau River below Three Creek, near Three Creek, Idaho, for water years 1911-15, 1949-55: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-82, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5782.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181772,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Newell, Thomas R.","contributorId":106876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newell","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":57715,"text":"ofr57127 - 1957 - Floods of April-June 1957 in Oklahoma and western Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-16T15:07:44","indexId":"ofr57127","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-127","title":"Floods of April-June 1957 in Oklahoma and western Arkansas","docAbstract":"Floods of unusual magnitude in volume for the three-month period in Oklahoma and western Arkansas resulted from several heavy rains. In one storm period 20 inches of precipitation fell within 24 hours, on May 15, 16, near Hennessey, Okla., according to information obtained by a 'bucket survey.' Total precipitation for the three-month period at many points of observation equaled the normal yearly totals.\r\nTen lives are known to have been lost. Hundreds of families were evacuated from lowlands where homes were inundated for many days. The Arkansas River at Van Buren, Ark., was above flood stage for 74 days.\r\n\r\nThis report contains tabulation of peak stages and discharges for 96 gaging stations, 9 sites other than gaging stations, maximum contents of 11 reservoirs, isohyetal maps showing total precipitation by months and for the three-month period, and other data related to the floods.\r\n\r\n(available as photostat copy only)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr57127","usgsCitation":"Weiss, D., and Sullivan, C., 1957, Floods of April-June 1957 in Oklahoma and western Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-127, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr57127.","productDescription":"36 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,{"id":14976,"text":"ofr5772 - 1957 - Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":14976,"text":"ofr5772 - 1957 - Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska","indexId":"ofr5772","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":35230,"text":"b1094 - 1959 - Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska","indexId":"b1094","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":35230,"text":"b1094 - 1959 - Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska","indexId":"b1094","publicationYear":"1959","noYear":false,"title":"Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-03T22:50:46.949424","indexId":"ofr5772","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-72","title":"Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The history of petroleum exploration in Alaska and the geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska are reviewed. Maps showing Alaska's major Mesozoic and Tertiary tectonic elements, possible petroleum provinces, and indications of petrol, are included in this report. Annotated references in Geological Survey publications relating to petroleum and oil shale in Alaska are given at the end of the report.</p><p>For the purpose of appraising its petroleum possibilities, Alaska is divided into the southern, central, and northern major geologic-physiographic regions.</p><p>Southern Alaska includes the arcuate mountain chain formed by the Alaska and Aleutian Ranges and the Mentasta- Nutzotin Mountains, the coastal range and valley area to the south, and the southeastern Alaska \"panhandle\" -- an area of 185,000 square miles.</p><p>Oil seeps on the west shore of Cook Inlet in southern Alaska were known as early as 1853, and claims were staked in this region in 1882. Drilling began near the oil seeps in the Katalla district about 1901, and this started Alaska's first period of oil activity. From 1902 to 1933 the Katalla field produced 154,000 barrels of oil from fractured shale and sandstone of Tertiary age the- first and only commercial production in Alaska.</p><p>On the basis of geology, surficial indications of petroleum, and test wells drilled, six possible petroleum provinces are indicated in southern Alaska. They are Heceta Island area, Keku Islands area, Cook Inlet Mesozoic province, Gulf of Alaska Tertiary province, Cook Inlet Tertiary province, and Copper River basin.</p><p>The exposed rocks in the Heceta Island area include lower Paleozoic graywacke-type sandstone, sandstone, conglomerate, and massive limestones with reeflike structures; igneous rocks are rare or lacking in much of the area. The Kosciusko-Tuxekan-Heceta synclinorium, the main structural feature, is modified by minor folds and faults. Some of the minor folds are reported to be broad and open, with flanks dipping 20°-145°. As far as known, the Heceta Island area has not heretofore been seriously considered as a possible petroleum province.</p><p>Rocks of Silurian to Cretaceous age are exposed in the Keku Island area and include moderately folded and relatively unaltered limestone and other marine sedimentary rocks.</p><p>The Cook Inlet Mesozoic province, a land area of approximately 18,500 square miles, includes a great thickness of unmetamorphosed marine sedimentary rocks of Jurassic and Cretaceous age. At least 23 test wells were drilled or started in this province by the end of 1955. Shows of oil and gas were encountered in many of these wells. During 1955 at least ten oil companies were active in this area and by the end of 1955 about 1 1/2 million acres were included in oil and gas leases applied for or granted.</p><p>The Gulf of Alaska Tertiary province includes about 5,200 square miles in which rocks of Tertiary age are exposed or are believed to underlie Quaternary deposits. Between 1901 and the end of 1955 about 47 wells were drilled or started in this province.</p><p>The Cook Inlet Tertiary province embraces an area of about 9,500 square miles, of which about 4,100 is covered by the shallow waters of Cook Inlet. Petroleum exploration has been in that part of the area which overlaps the Cook Inlet Mesozoic province. Eocene or younger Tertiary nonmarine sedimentary rocks are believed to underlie much of the province, and marine rocks of Tertiary age may also be present.</p><p>The Copper River basin is a topographic basin underlain by unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age. Tertiary rocks favorable for the accumulation of petroleum may underlie part of the basin but this is not believed likely. Except for some leasing activity no petroleum exploration has been recorded in the Copper River Basin to the end of 1955.</p><p>Central Alaska is a region of about 275,000 square miles and consists of an irregular assemblage of intricately dissected uplands and alluvium-floored lowland basins. Scattered peaks of resistant intrusive igneous rocks surmount most of the upland areas.</p><p>In the vast region of central Alaska only six test wells are known to have been drilled for the purpose of finding oil and gas. The maximum depth reached was 350 feet and the holes were mostly or entirely in Quaternary deposits. In recent years several oil companies have investigated some parts of the region and large areas in the Yukon-Koyukuk province are now under lease. Oil seeps, gas seeps, and other indications of petroleum have been reported from many localities; samples from two localities have been analyzed and reported to be petroleum.</p><p>The geology of central Alaska is similar in a general way to that of the area between the Rocky Mountains and Sierra-Cascade belts of the United States. Sedimentary rocks, probably equivalent to the Precambrian Belt series, and rocks of the Cambrian and all younger geologic systems have been recognized in central Alaska. The structure of the region is known to be complex, but except in local mineral districts, it has not been mapped in detail. Based on the limited amount of available information, the region cannot be regarded as distinctly favorable for significant accumulations of petroleum. However, three pre-Cenozoic provinces, the Yukon-Koyukuk, the Kobuk, and the Kandik, and several large Cenozoic basin provinces may be worthy of further investigation.</p><p>Northern Alaska includes the Brooks Range and all the treeless tundra north to the Arctic Coast, an area of about 125,000 square miles. The presence of oil seeps along the Arctic Coast has been known at least since 1900 and a description of the Cape Simpson oil seeps vas published in 1909. Since then oil and gas seeps have been described from nine localities, and oil shales and oil-bearing sandstones are known from many localities in the Arctic Foothills province. Oil and gas deposits have been discovered and geologic conditions are favorable for oil and gas accumulations in approximately half of the region.</p><p>In 1923 approximately 37,000 square miles in northern Alaska was reserved by Executive order as Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4. In 1944 the U. S. Navy began a vast petroleum exploration program which was suspended in 1953. In the years 1945 through 1955, 37 test wells and 45 core tests were drilled on 18 structures. Three oil fields, Umiat, Simpson, and Fish Creek, and two gas fields, South Barrow and Gubik, were discovered. Total reserve estimates for all discoveries of oil to 1955 range from 30 to 100 million barrels, and for gas, from 370 billion to 900 billion cubic feet.</p><p>All northern Alaska, with the exception of the Brooks Range, can be considered a possible petroleum province, but the region can be subdivided into provinces of somewhat different potentialities. These subdivisions roughly correspond with the geomorphic provinces and sections, which in turn reflect differences in geology. The known oil-bearing beds are of Mesozoic age, primarily Cretaceous, and thus the possible petroleum provinces could be designated as Mesozoic. However, Paleozoic and Cenozoic rocks with favorable reservoir characteristics are exposed in the region and possibly underlie, in favorable structural situations, some of the areas as yet not tested.</p><p>The Arctic Coastal Plain province includes gently folded and flat-lying Mesozoic beds that overlie a basement complex of Paleozoic and early Mesozoic age. Near the southern edge of this province the basement rocks are at depths of at least 20,000 feet, and to the north these rocks rise to within 2,500 feet of the surface.</p><p>The Teshukpuk Lake section of the Arctic Coastal plain includes many of the known oil seeps; it is the most accessible to sea transportation, and lies almost completely within NPR 4. Thirteen test wells and 35 core tests have been drilled here; one gas field and two (at present, noncommercial) oil fields have been discovered. The possibility of further discoveries may depend largely on locating porous sandstones in stratigraphic rather than anticlinal traps.</p><p>The White Hills section is distinguished topographically from the Teshukpruk section by its white-gravel-covered hills and fever lakes, and geologically by the presence of Tertiary rocks, including 2,000 feet of nonmarine beds in the west and at least 7,000 feet of marine beds to the east, in the vicinity of Carter Creek. This section appears to be more complex structurally. No test wells have been drilled in the White Hills section.</p><p>The Northern Foothills section includes many closed anticlines. Twenty-four test wells and ten core tests have been drilled on 11 structures and two discoveries have been made -the Umiat oil field and the Gubik gas field. All these tests have been drilled in Cretaceous rocks.</p><p>The Southern Foothills section is structurally similar to the Alberta Foothills and to the northern part of the Brooks Range. Great thicknesses of marine shale of Lover Cretaceous, Jurassic, and Triassic age are exposed. The outcropping Mesozoic sandstones are generally poorly sorted, nonporous, and impermeable. To the south the section is bordered by mountainous exposures of Mississippian limestone, which probably underlie at least part of this section.</p><p>The rocks that underlie the deeply eroded complex structures of the Brooks Range include schist, slate, argillite, and limestone. Some exposed limestones have a strong petroleum-like odor and contain traces of petroleum residues.</p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p><p><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5772","usgsCitation":"Miller, D.J., Payne, T.G., and Gryc, G., 1957, Geology of possible petroleum provinces in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-72, Report: 260 p.; 10 Plates: 47.96 x 35.97 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5772.","productDescription":"Report: 260 p.; 10 Plates: 47.96 x 35.97 inches or 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