{"pageNumber":"139","pageRowStart":"3450","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16501,"records":[{"id":70114887,"text":"sir20145119 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the upper Yakima River Basin, Kittitas County, central Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-17T15:11:58","indexId":"sir20145119","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T14:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5119","title":"Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the upper Yakima River Basin, Kittitas County, central Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The hydrogeology, hydrology, and geochemistry of groundwater and surface water in the upper (western) 860 square miles of the Yakima River Basin in Kittitas County, Washington, were studied to evaluate the groundwater-flow system, occurrence and availability of groundwater, and the extent of groundwater/surface-water interactions. The study area ranged in altitude from 7,960 feet in its headwaters in the Cascade Range to 1,730 feet at the confluence of the Yakima River with Swauk Creek. A west-to-east precipitation gradient exists in the basin with the western, high-altitude headwaters of the basin receiving more than 100 inches of precipitation per year and the eastern, low-altitude part of the basin receiving about 20 inches of precipitation per year. From the early 20th century onward, reservoirs in the upper part of the basin (for example, Keechelus, Kachess, and Cle Elum Lakes) have been managed to store snowmelt for irrigation in the greater Yakima River Basin. Canals transport water from these reservoirs for irrigation in the study area; additional water use is met through groundwater withdrawals from wells and surface-water withdrawals from streams and rivers. Estimated groundwater use for domestic, commercial, and irrigation purposes is reported for the study area.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A complex assemblage of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous bedrock underlies the study area. In a structural basin in the southeastern part of the study area, the bedrock is overlain by unconsolidated sediments of glacial and alluvial origin. Rocks and sediments were grouped into six hydrogeologic units based on their lithologic and hydraulic characteristics. A map of their extent was developed from previous geologic mapping and lithostratigraphic information from drillers’ logs. Water flows through interstitial space in unconsolidated sediments, but largely flows through fractures and other sources of secondary porosity in bedrock. Generalized groundwater-flow directions within the unconfined part of the aquifers in unconsolidated sediments indicate generalized groundwater movement toward the Yakima River and its tributaries and the outlet of the study area.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Groundwater movement through fractures within the bedrock aquifers is complex and varies over spatial scales depending on the architecture of the fracture-flow system and its hydraulic properties. The complexity of the fracturedbedrock groundwater-flow system is supported by a wide range of groundwater ages determined from geochemical analyses of carbon-14, sulfur hexafluoride, and tritium in groundwater. These geochemical data also indicate that the shallow groundwater system is actively flushing with young, isotopically heavy groundwater, but isotopicallylight, Pleistocene-age groundwater with a geochemicallyevolved composition occurs at depth within the fracturedbedrock aquifers of upper Kittitas County. An eastward depletion of stable isotopes in groundwater is consistent with hydrologically separate subbasins. This suggests that groundwater that recharges in one subbasin is not generally available for withdrawal or discharge into surface-water features within other subbasins. Water budget components were calculated for 11 subbasins using a watershed model and varied based on the climate, land uses, and geology of the subbasin.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Synoptic streamflow measurements made in August 2011 indicate that groundwater discharges into several tributaries of the Yakima River with several losses of streamflow measured where the streams exit bedrock uplands and flow over unconsolidated sediments. Profiles of stream temperature during late summer suggest cool groundwater inflow over discrete sections of streams. This groundwater/surfacewater connection is further supported by the stable-isotope composition of stream water, which reflects the local stableisotope composition of groundwater measured at some wells and springs.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Collectively, these hydrogeologic, hydrologic, and geochemical data support a framework for evaluating the potential effects of future groundwater appropriations on senior surface-water and groundwater rights and streamflows. Although total pumping rates in upper Kittitas County of about 3.5 cubic feet per second are small relative to other components of the water budget, the magnitude, timing, and location of withdrawals may have important effects on the hydrologic system. The heterogeneous and variably fractured bedrock in the study area precluded a detailed evaluation of localized effects of pumping, but several generalizations about the groundwater and surface-water systems can be made. These generalizations include evidence for the continuity between the groundwater and surface-water system apparent from synoptic streamflow measurements, stream-temperature profiles, and stable-isotope data of groundwater and surface waters.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145119","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology and Kittitas County","usgsCitation":"Gendaszek, A.S., Ely, D.M., Hinkle, S.R., Kahle, S.C., and Welch, W.B., 2014, Hydrogeologic framework and groundwater/surface-water interactions of the upper Yakima River Basin, Kittitas County, central Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5119, Report: viii, 65 p.; 2 Plates: 24.81 x 19.87 inches and 32.18 x 17.90 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145119.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 65 p.; 2 Plates: 24.81 x 19.87 inches and 32.18 x 17.90 inches","numberOfPages":"78","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-043573","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145119.jpg"},{"id":290394,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5119/pdf/sir20145119_Plate02.pdf"},{"id":290391,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5119/"},{"id":290392,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5119/pdf/sir2014-5119.pdf"},{"id":290393,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5119/pdf/sir20145119_Plate01.pdf"}],"projection":"NSRS2007 Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 10N","datum":"North American Datum 1983 NSR2007","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kittitas County","otherGeospatial":"Yakima River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.5,47.083333 ], [ -121.5,47.583333 ], [ -120.5,47.583333 ], [ -120.5,47.083333 ], [ -121.5,47.083333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd610be4b0b290850fd4f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gendaszek, Andrew S. 0000-0002-2373-8986 agendasz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2373-8986","contributorId":3509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gendaszek","given":"Andrew","email":"agendasz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, D. Matthew","contributorId":100052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hinkle, Stephen R. srhinkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinkle","given":"Stephen","email":"srhinkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kahle, Sue C. 0000-0003-1262-4446 sckahle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-4446","contributorId":3096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kahle","given":"Sue","email":"sckahle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Welch, Wendy B. wwelch@usgs.gov","contributorId":1645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Wendy","email":"wwelch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70110744,"text":"fs20143051 - 2014 - Hydrologic enforcement of lidar DEMs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-17T11:58:13","indexId":"fs20143051","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T11:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3051","title":"Hydrologic enforcement of lidar DEMs","docAbstract":"Hydrologic-enforcement (hydro-enforcement) of light detection and ranging (lidar)-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) modifies the elevations of artificial impediments (such as road fills or railroad grades) to simulate how man-made drainage structures such as culverts or bridges allow continuous downslope flow. Lidar-derived DEMs contain an extremely high level of topographic detail; thus, hydro-enforced lidar-derived DEMs are essential to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for complex modeling of riverine flow. The USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) is integrating hydro-enforced lidar-derived DEMs (land elevation) and lidar-derived bathymetry (water depth) to enhance storm surge modeling in vulnerable coastal zones.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143051","collaboration":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","usgsCitation":"Poppenga, S.K., Worstell, B.B., Danielson, J.J., Brock, J., Evans, G.A., and Heidemann, H., 2014, Hydrologic enforcement of lidar DEMs: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3051, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143051.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-055624","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290359,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143051.jpg"},{"id":290358,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3051/pdf/fs2014-3051.pdf"},{"id":290357,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3051/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6184e4b0b290850fd95a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppenga, Sandra K. 0000-0002-2846-6836","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-6836","contributorId":84465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danielson, Jeffrey J. 0000-0003-0907-034X daniels@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-034X","contributorId":3996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"Jeffrey","email":"daniels@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, Gayla A. 0000-0001-5072-4232 gevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-4232","contributorId":3125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Gayla","email":"gevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heidemann, H. Karl 0000-0003-4306-359X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4306-359X","contributorId":41750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heidemann","given":"H. Karl","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70114919,"text":"ds864 - 2014 - Site-characteristic and hydrologic data for selected wells and springs on Federal land in Clark County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-17T08:44:50","indexId":"ds864","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T08:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"864","title":"Site-characteristic and hydrologic data for selected wells and springs on Federal land in Clark County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Site-characteristic and hydrologic data for selected wells and springs on U.S. Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and U.S. Forest Service land in Clark County, Nevada, were updated in the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Water Information System (NWIS) to facilitate multi-agency research. Data were researched and reviewed, sites were visited, and NWIS data were updated for 231 wells and 198 springs, including 36 wells and 67 springs that were added to NWIS and 44 duplicate sites that were deleted. The site-characteristic and hydrologic data collected, reviewed, edited, and added to NWIS include locations, well water levels, spring discharges, and water chemistry. Site-characteristic and hydrologic data can be accessed from links to the NWIS web interface; data not available through the web interface are presented in appendixes to this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds864","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Pavelko, M.T., 2014, Site-characteristic and hydrologic data for selected wells and springs on Federal land in Clark County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 864, Report: iv, 18 p.; 2 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds864.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; 2 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-041691","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds864.jpg"},{"id":290340,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/864/downloads/ds864_appendix2_2.xlsx"},{"id":290338,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/864/pdf/ds864.pdf"},{"id":290332,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/864/"},{"id":290339,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/864/downloads/ds864_appendix1_2.xlsx"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","datum":"North American Datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Clark County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.8969,35.0019 ], [ -115.8969,36.8537 ], [ -114.0428,36.8537 ], [ -114.0428,35.0019 ], [ -115.8969,35.0019 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7304e4b0b29085108ac9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pavelko, Michael T. 0000-0002-8323-3998 mpavelko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-3998","contributorId":2321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavelko","given":"Michael","email":"mpavelko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70189101,"text":"70189101 - 2014 - Sensitivity of airborne geophysical data to sublacustrine and near-surface permafrost thaw","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-29T15:17:01","indexId":"70189101","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3554,"text":"The Cryosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sensitivity of airborne geophysical data to sublacustrine and near-surface permafrost thaw","docAbstract":"<p><span>A coupled hydrogeophysical forward and inverse modeling approach is developed to illustrate the ability of frequency-domain airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data to characterize subsurface physical properties associated with sublacustrine permafrost thaw during lake-talik formation. Numerical modeling scenarios are evaluated that consider non-isothermal hydrologic responses to variable forcing from different lake depths and for different hydrologic gradients. A novel physical property relationship connects the dynamic distribution of electrical resistivity to ice saturation and temperature outputs from the SUTRA groundwater simulator with freeze–thaw physics. The influence of lithology on electrical resistivity is controlled by a surface conduction term in the physical property relationship. Resistivity models, which reflect changes in subsurface conditions, are used as inputs to simulate AEM data in order to explore the sensitivity of geophysical observations to permafrost thaw. Simulations of sublacustrine talik formation over a 1000-year period are modeled after conditions found in the Yukon Flats, Alaska. Synthetic AEM data are analyzed with a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that quantifies geophysical parameter uncertainty and resolution. Major lithological and permafrost features are well resolved by AEM data in the examples considered. The subtle geometry of partial ice saturation beneath lakes during talik formation cannot be resolved using AEM data, but the gross characteristics of sub-lake resistivity models reflect bulk changes in ice content and can identify the presence of a talik. A final synthetic example compares AEM and ground-based electromagnetic responses for their ability to resolve shallow permafrost and thaw features in the upper 1–2 m below ground outside the lake margin.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"European Geosciences Union","doi":"10.5194/tc-9-781-2015","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., Wellman, T., Walvoord, M.A., and Revil, A., 2014, Sensitivity of airborne geophysical data to sublacustrine and near-surface permafrost thaw: The Cryosphere, v. 9, p. 781-794, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-781-2015.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"781","endPage":"794","ipdsId":"IP-059164","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-781-2015","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":343171,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"595611c1e4b0d1f9f05067a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wellman, Tristan 0000-0003-3049-6214 twellman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3049-6214","contributorId":2166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wellman","given":"Tristan","email":"twellman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":702878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Revil, Andre","contributorId":194008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Revil","given":"Andre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70128305,"text":"70128305 - 2014 - Fish assemblages, connectivity, and habitat rehabilitation in a diked Great Lakes coastal wetland complex","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-07T12:42:08","indexId":"70128305","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T12:37:45","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fish assemblages, connectivity, and habitat rehabilitation in a diked Great Lakes coastal wetland complex","docAbstract":"Fish and plant assemblages in the highly modified Crane Creek coastal wetland complex of Lake Erie were sampled to characterize their spatial and seasonal patterns and to examine the implications of the hydrologic connection of diked wetland units to Lake Erie. Fyke netting captured 52 species and an abundance of fish in the Lake Erie–connected wetlands, but fewer than half of those species and much lower numbers and total masses of fish were captured in diked wetland units. Although all wetland units were immediately adjacent to Lake Erie, there were also pronounced differences in water quality and wetland vegetation between the hydrologically isolated and lake-connected wetlands. Large seasonal variations in fish assemblage composition and biomass were observed in connected wetland units but not in disconnected units. Reestablishment of hydrologic connectivity in diked wetland units would allow coastal Lake Erie fish to use these vegetated habitats seasonally, although connectivity does appear to pose some risks, such as the expansion of invasive plants and localized reductions in water quality. Periodic isolation and drawdown of the diked units could still be used to mimic intermediate levels of disturbance and manage invasive wetland vegetation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.911207","usgsCitation":"Kowalski, K., Wiley, M., and Wilcox, D., 2014, Fish assemblages, connectivity, and habitat rehabilitation in a diked Great Lakes coastal wetland complex: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 5, p. 1130-1142, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.911207.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1130","endPage":"1142","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-051981","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/141054","text":"External Repository"},{"id":295013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":295005,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.911207"},{"id":295006,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00028487.2014.911207"}],"volume":"143","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"543500a7e4b0a4f4b46a2397","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kowalski, Kurt P. 0000-0002-8424-4701 kkowalski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-4701","contributorId":3768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kowalski","given":"Kurt P.","email":"kkowalski@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiley, Michael J.","contributorId":73942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":6649,"text":"University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":502856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilcox, Douglas A.","contributorId":9590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Douglas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70103633,"text":"70103633 - 2014 - Characterization of the porosity distribution in the upper part of the karst Biscayne aquifer using common offset ground penetrating radar, Everglades National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-24T14:23:02","indexId":"70103633","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterization of the porosity distribution in the upper part of the karst Biscayne aquifer using common offset ground penetrating radar, Everglades National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0010\">The karst Biscayne aquifer is characterized by a heterogeneous spatial arrangement of porosity and hydraulic conductivity, making conceptualization difficult. The Biscayne aquifer is the primary source of drinking water for millions of people in south Florida; thus, information concerning the distribution of karst features that concentrate the groundwater flow and affect contaminant transport is critical. The principal purpose of the study was to investigate the ability of two-dimensional ground penetrating radar (GPR) to rapidly characterize porosity variability in the karst Biscayne aquifer in south Florida. An 800-m-long GPR transect of a previously investigated area at the Long Pine Key Nature Trail in Everglades National Park, collected in fast acquisition common offset mode, shows hundreds of diffraction hyperbolae. The distribution of diffraction hyperbolae was used to estimate electromagnetic (EM) wave velocity at each diffraction location and to assess both horizontal and vertical changes in velocity within the transect. A petrophysical model (complex refractive index model or CRIM) was used to estimate total bulk porosity. A set of common midpoint surveys at selected locations distributed along the common-offset transect also were collected for comparison with the common offsets and were used to constrain one-dimensional (1-D) distributions of porosity with depth. Porosity values for the saturated Miami Limestone ranged between 25% and 41% for common offset GPR surveys, and between 23% and 39% for common midpoint GPR surveys. Laboratory measurements of porosity in five whole-core samples from the saturated part of the aquifer in the study area ranged between 7.1% and 41.8%. GPR estimates of porosity were found to be valid only under saturated conditions; other limitations are related to the vertical resolution of the GPR signal and the volume of the material considered by the measurement methodology. Overall, good correspondence between GPR estimates and the direct porosity values from the whole-core samples confirms the ability of GPR common offset surveys to provide rapid characterization of porosity variability in the Biscayne aquifer.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">The common offset survey method has several advantages: (1) improved time efficiency in comparison to other GPR acquisition modes such as common midpoints; and (2) enhanced lateral continuity of porosity estimates, particularly when compared to porosity measurements on 1-D samples such as rock cores. The results also support the presence of areas of low EM wave velocity or high porosity under saturated conditions, causing velocity pull-down areas and apparent sag features in the reflection record. This study shows that GPR can be a useful tool for improving understanding of the petrophysical properties of highly heterogeneous systems such as karst aquifers, and thus may assist with the development of more accurate groundwater flow models, such as those used for restoration efforts in the Everglades.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.048","usgsCitation":"Mountain, G.S., Cunningham, K.J., and Comas, X., 2014, Characterization of the porosity distribution in the upper part of the karst Biscayne aquifer using common offset ground penetrating radar, Everglades National Park, Florida: Journal of Hydrology, v. 515, p. 223-236, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.048.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"236","ipdsId":"IP-044930","costCenters":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Long Pine Key Nature Trail","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.646389,\n              25.402778\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.638056,\n              25.402778\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.638056,\n              25.398889\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.646389,\n              25.398889\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.646389,\n              25.402778\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"515","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63039e4b05ec7991310ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mountain, Gregory S.","contributorId":29154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mountain","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":686106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Comas, Xavier","contributorId":176879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Comas","given":"Xavier","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cunningham, Kevin J. 0000-0002-2179-8686 kcunning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-8686","contributorId":1689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cunningham","given":"Kevin","email":"kcunning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70115553,"text":"ofr20141141 - 2014 - Ecoregions of Arizona (poster)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-11T08:50:26","indexId":"ofr20141141","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-10T16:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1141","title":"Ecoregions of Arizona (poster)","docAbstract":"<p>Ecoregions denote areas of general similarity in ecosystems and in the type, quality, and quantity of environmental resources; they are designed to serve as a spatial framework for the research, assessment, management, and monitoring of ecosystems and ecosystem components. By recognizing the spatial differences in the capacities and potentials of ecosystems, ecoregions stratify the environment by its probable response to disturbance. These general purpose regions are critical for structuring and implementing ecosystem management strategies across federal agencies, state agencies, and nongovernment organizations that are responsible for different types of resources within the same geographical areas.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Arizona ecoregion map was compiled at a scale of 1:250,000. It revises and subdivides an earlier national ecoregion map that was originally compiled at a smaller scale. The approach used to compile this map is based on the premise that ecological regions can be identified through the analysis of the spatial patterns and the composition of biotic and abiotic phenomena that affect or reflect differences in ecosystem quality and integrity. These phenomena include geology, physiography, vegetation, climate, soils, land use, wildlife, and hydrology. The relative importance of each characteristic varies from one ecological region to another regardless of the hierarchical level. A Roman numeral hierarchical scheme has been adopted for different levels of ecological regions. Level I is the coarsest level, dividing North America into 15 ecological regions. Level II divides the continent into 50 regions. At level III, the continental United States contains 105 ecoregions and the conterminous United States has 85 ecoregions. Level IV is a further subdivision of level III ecoregions.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Arizona contains arid deserts and canyonlands, semiarid shrub- and grass-covered plains, woodland- and shrubland-covered hills, lava fields and volcanic plateaus, forested mountains, glaciated peaks, and river alluvial floodplains. Ecological diversity is remarkably high. There are 7 level III ecoregions and 52 level IV ecoregions in Arizona and many continue into ecologically similar parts of adjacent states. This poster is part of a collaborative project primarily between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), USEPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory (Corvallis, Oregon), USEPA Region IX, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)–Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), The Nature Conservancy, and several Arizona state agencies. The project is associated with an interagency effort to develop a common national framework of ecological regions. Reaching that objective requires recognition of the differences in the conceptual approaches and mapping methodologies applied to develop the most common ecoregion-type frameworks, including those developed by the USDA–Forest Service, the USEPA, and the NRCS. As each of these frameworks is further refined, their differences are becoming less discernible. Collaborative ecoregion projects, such as this one in Arizona, are a step toward attaining consensus and consistency in ecoregion frameworks for the entire nation.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141141","usgsCitation":"Griffith, G.E., Omernik, J.M., Johnson, C.B., and Turner, D.S., 2014, Ecoregions of Arizona (poster): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1141, Poster (front): 46.00 x 36.00 inches; Poster (back): 46.00 x 36.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141141.","productDescription":"Poster (front): 46.00 x 36.00 inches; Poster (back): 46.00 x 36.00 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053811","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289758,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141141.jpg"},{"id":289755,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1141/"},{"id":289757,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1141/pdf/ofr2014-1141_back.pdf"},{"id":289756,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1141/pdf/ofr2014-1141_front.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bfa7d2e4b06d97a6487cee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffith, Glenn E. 0000-0001-7966-4720 ggriffith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7966-4720","contributorId":4053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"Glenn","email":"ggriffith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Omernik, James M.","contributorId":50081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Omernik","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Colleen Burch","contributorId":13152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"Burch","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Dale S.","contributorId":34052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70103557,"text":"sir20145084 - 2014 - Maximum known stages and discharges of New York streams and their annual exceedance probabilities through September 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-11T10:57:02","indexId":"sir20145084","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-08T13:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5084","title":"Maximum known stages and discharges of New York streams and their annual exceedance probabilities through September 2011","docAbstract":"<p>Maximum known stages and discharges at 1,400 sites on 796 streams within New York are tabulated. Stage data are reported in feet. Discharges are reported as cubic feet per second and in cubic feet per second per square mile. Drainage areas range from 0.03 to 298,800 square miles; excluding the three sites with larger drainage areas on the St. Lawrence and Niagara Rivers, which drain the Great Lakes, the maximum drainage area is 8,288 square miles (Hudson River at Albany). Most data were obtained from U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) compilations and records, but some were provided by State, local, and other Federal agencies and by private organizations.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The stage and discharge information is grouped by major drainage basins and U.S. Geological Survey site number, in downstream order. Site locations and their associated drainage area, period(s) of record, stage and discharge data, and flood-frequency statistics are compiled in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Flood frequencies were derived for 1,238 sites by using methods described in Bulletin 17B (Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, 1982), Ries and Crouse (2002), and Lumia and others (2006).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Curves that “envelope” maximum discharges within their range of drainage areas were developed for each of six flood-frequency hydrologic regions and for sites on Long Island, as well as for the State of New York; the New York curve was compared with a curve derived from a plot of maximum known discharges throughout the United States. Discharges represented by the national curve range from at least 2.7 to 4.9 times greater than those represented by the New York curve for drainage areas of 1.0 and 1,000 square miles. The relative magnitudes of discharge and runoff in the six hydrologic regions of New York and Long Island suggest the largest known discharges per square mile are in the southern part of western New York and the Catskill Mountain area, and the smallest are on Long Island.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145084","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Wall, G.R., Murray, P.M., Lumia, R., and Suro, T.P., 2014, Maximum known stages and discharges of New York streams and their annual exceedance probabilities through September 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5084, Report: vi, 16 p.; Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145084.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Table 1","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046176","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145084.jpg"},{"id":289543,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5084/pdf/sir2014-5084.pdf"},{"id":289544,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5084/table/sir2014-5084_table1.xlsx"},{"id":289542,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5084/"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projections, zone 18","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"New 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York\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bd04dae4b00cbf31f72333","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wall, Gary R. grwall@usgs.gov","contributorId":915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wall","given":"Gary","email":"grwall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murray, Patricia M. pmurray@usgs.gov","contributorId":4863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Patricia","email":"pmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lumia, Richard rlumia@usgs.gov","contributorId":4579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lumia","given":"Richard","email":"rlumia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suro, Thomas P. 0000-0002-9476-6829 tsuro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6829","contributorId":2841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suro","given":"Thomas","email":"tsuro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70111390,"text":"sir20145092 - 2014 - Modeled sulfate concentrations in North Dakota streams, 1993-2008, based on spatial basin characteristics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-01T09:36:36","indexId":"sir20145092","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-07T10:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5092","title":"Modeled sulfate concentrations in North Dakota streams, 1993-2008, based on spatial basin characteristics","docAbstract":"<p>Sulfate concentration data collected from North Dakota streams during recent (1993&ndash;2008) years indicates generally higher sulfate concentrations across much of the State compared to concentrations during earlier years. The higher sulfate concentrations have been attributed in other studies to wetter climatic conditions, associated increases in contributing drainage areas, and rising water tables. The State&rsquo;s current (2013) stream classification system, which includes a standard for 30-day average sulfate concentration, is based on earlier data and thus may not reflect natural conditions for more recent years. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health and the North Dakota State Water Commission, completed a study to evaluate the relation of maximum seasonal (30-day moving average) sulfate concentrations during 1993&ndash;2008 to characteristics of the contributing basins to model expected naturally-occurring sulfate concentrations in North Dakota streams.</p>\n<p>Sulfate concentration data for 75 stream sampling sites in North Dakota were analyzed for this study. A spatial analysis was conducted with digital data using a Geographic Information System to obtain selected basin characteristics, which were in turn used as explanatory variables in a regression analysis to model the maximum seasonal (30-day moving average) sulfate concentration. Characteristics used in the regression analysis included mean annual precipitation, mean percent soil clay content, and mean percent saturation overland flow.</p>\n<p>Modeled sulfate concentrations generally were highest (greater than 750 milligrams per liter) in basins in western North Dakota and lowest (less than 250 milligrams per liter) in basins in the upper Sheyenne River and upper James River. Area-weighted means for the basin characteristics also were computed for 10-digit and 8-digit hydrologic units for streams in North Dakota and modeled sulfate concentrations were computed from the characteristics. The resulting distribution of modeled sulfate concentrations was similar to the distribution of estimates for the 12-digit hydrologic units, but less variable because the basin characteristics were averaged over larger areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Dakota Department of Health and the North Dakota State Water Commission","usgsCitation":"Galloway, J.M., and Vecchia, A.V., 2014, Modeled sulfate concentrations in North Dakota streams, 1993-2008, based on spatial basin characteristics: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5092, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145092.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1993-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-054465","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145092.jpg"},{"id":289447,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5092/"},{"id":289453,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5092/pdf/sir2014-5092.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, Zone 14","country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.47,44.59 ], [ -105.47,49.27 ], [ -94.5,49.27 ], [ -94.5,44.59 ], [ -105.47,44.59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53bbb350e4b084059e8bfead","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178698,"text":"70178698 - 2014 - Multi-temporal mapping of a large, slow-moving earth flow for kinematic interpretation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-20T14:15:51","indexId":"70178698","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":18,"text":"Abstract or summary"},"title":"Multi-temporal mapping of a large, slow-moving earth flow for kinematic interpretation","docAbstract":"Periodic movement of large, thick landslides on discrete basal surfaces produces modifications of the topographic surface, creates faults and folds, and influences the locations of springs, ponds, and streams (Baum, et al., 1993; Coe et al., 2009).  The geometry of the basal-slip surface, which can be controlled by geological structures (e.g., fold axes, faults, etc.; Revellino et al., 2010; Grelle et al., 2011), and spatial variation in the rate of displacement, are responsible for differential deformation and kinematic segmentation of the landslide body.  Thus, large landslides are often composed of several distinct kinematic elements. Each element represents a discrete kinematic domain within the main landslide that is broadly characterized by stretching (extension) of the upper part of the landslide and shortening (compression) near the landslide toe (Baum and Fleming, 1991;  Guerriero et al., in review).\n\nOn the basis of this knowledge, we used photo interpretive and GPS field mapping methods to map structures on the surface of the Montaguto earth flow in the Apennine Mountains of southern Italy at a scale of 1:6,000. (Guerriero et al., 2013a; Fig.1). The earth flow has been periodically active since at least 1954. The most extensive and destructive period of activity began on April 26, 2006, when an estimated 6 million m3 of material mobilized, covering and closing Italian National Road SS90, and damaging residential structures (Guerriero et al., 2013b). Our maps show the distribution and evolution of normal faults, thrust faults, strike-slip faults, flank ridges, and hydrological features at nine different dates (October, 1954; June, 1976; June, 1991; June, 2003; June, 2005; May, 2006; October, 2007; July, 2009; and March , 2010) between 1954 and 2010.\n\nWithin the earth flow we recognized several kinematic elements and associated structures (Fig.2a). Within each kinematic element (e.g. the earth flow neck; Fig.2b), the flow velocity was highest in the middle, and lowest in the upper and lower parts. As the velocity of movement initiated and increased, stretching of the earth flow body induced the formation of normal faults. Conversely, decreasing velocity and shortening of the earth flow induced the formation of thrust faults. A zone with relatively few structures, bounded by strike-slip faults, was located between stretching and shortening areas. These kinematic elements indicate that the overall earth flow was actually composed of numerous linked internal earth flows, with each internal flow having a distinct pattern of structures representative of stretching and shortening (Guerriero et al., in review). These observations indicated that the spatial variation in movement velocity associated with each internal earth flow, mimicked the pattern of movement for the overall earth flow.  That is, the earth flow displayed a self-similar pattern at different scales. Furthermore, the presence of other structures such as back-tilted surfaces, flank-ridges, and hydrological elements provide specific information about the shape of the basal topographic surface. \n\nOur multi-temporal maps provided a basis for interpretation of the long-term kinematic evolution of the earth flow and the influence of the basal-slip surface on the earth flow movement. Our maps showed that main faults remained stationary through time, despite extensive mobilization and movement of material. This observation indicated that the slip-surface has remained relatively stationary since at least 1954.","conferenceTitle":"17th Joint Geomorphological Meeting","conferenceDate":"June 30-July 3, 2014","conferenceLocation":" Liege, Belgium","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Guerriero, L., Coe, J.A., Revellino, P., and Guadagno, F.M., 2014, Multi-temporal mapping of a large, slow-moving earth flow for kinematic interpretation, 17th Joint Geomorphological Meeting,  Liege, Belgium, June 30-July 3, 2014, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-054451","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332350,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585a51c2e4b01224f329b5fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guerriero, Luigi","contributorId":105205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerriero","given":"Luigi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, Jeffrey A. 0000-0002-0842-9608 jcoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0842-9608","contributorId":1333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jcoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Revellino, Paola","contributorId":62509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revellino","given":"Paola","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guadagno, Francesco M.","contributorId":102366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guadagno","given":"Francesco","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70111684,"text":"sir20145104 - 2014 - Scaling up watershed model parameters: flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin, South Carolina, 2007-09","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-06T12:41:18","indexId":"sir20145104","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-02T13:20:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5104","title":"Scaling up watershed model parameters: flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin, South Carolina, 2007-09","docAbstract":"<p>As part of an ongoing effort by the U.S. Geological Survey to expand the understanding of relations among hydrologic, geochemical, and ecological processes that affect fish-tissue mercury concentrations within the Edisto River Basin, analyses and simulations of the hydrology of the Edisto River Basin were made using the topography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL). A primary focus of the investigation was to assess the potential for scaling up a previous application of TOPMODEL for the McTier Creek watershed, which is a small headwater catchment to the Edisto River Basin. Scaling up was done in a step-wise manner, beginning with applying the calibration parameters, meteorological data, and topographic-wetness-index data from the McTier Creek TOPMODEL to the Edisto River TOPMODEL. Additional changes were made for subsequent simulations, culminating in the best simulation, which included meteorological and topographic wetness index data from the Edisto River Basin and updated calibration parameters for some of the TOPMODEL calibration parameters. The scaling-up process resulted in nine simulations being made. Simulation 7 best matched the streamflows at station 02175000, Edisto River near Givhans, SC, which was the downstream limit for the TOPMODEL setup, and was obtained by adjusting the scaling factor, including streamflow routing, and using NEXRAD precipitation data for the Edisto River Basin. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of model-fit efficiency and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for simulation 7 were 0.78 and 0.89, respectively. Comparison of goodness-of-fit statistics between measured and simulated daily mean streamflow for the McTier Creek and Edisto River models showed that with calibration, the Edisto River TOPMODEL produced slightly better results than the McTier Creek model, despite the substantial difference in the drainage-area size at the outlet locations for the two models (30.7 and 2,725 square miles, respectively).</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Along with the TOPMODEL hydrologic simulations, a visualization tool (the Edisto River Data Viewer) was developed to help assess trends and influencing variable in the stream ecosystem. Incorporated into the visualization tool were the water-quality load models TOPLOAD, TOPLOAD–H, and LOADEST. Because the focus of this investigation was on scaling up the models from McTier Creek, water-quality concentrations that were previously collected in the McTier Creek Basin were used in the water-quality load models.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145104","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., Benedict, S., Clark, J.M., Bradley, P.M., and Conrads, P., 2014, Scaling up watershed model parameters: flow and load simulations of the Edisto River Basin, South Carolina, 2007-09: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5104, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145104.","productDescription":"34 p.","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-052559","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145104.jpg"},{"id":289387,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5104/"},{"id":289388,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5104/pdf/sir2014-5104.pdf"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Edisto River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.0,32.25 ], [ -82.0,34.0 ], [ -80.0,34.0 ], [ -80.0,32.25 ], [ -82.0,32.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b7b20ae4b0388651d918c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benedict, Stephen T. benedict@usgs.gov","contributorId":3198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benedict","given":"Stephen T.","email":"benedict@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494423,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494424,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70111685,"text":"ofr20141113 - 2014 - Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Catawba-Wateree and Santee River Basins through March 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T16:48:23","indexId":"ofr20141113","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-02T12:06:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1113","title":"Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Catawba-Wateree and Santee River Basins through March 2012","docAbstract":"<p>Part of the mission of both the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control and the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources is to protect and preserve South Carolina’s water resources. Doing so requires an ongoing understanding of streamflow characteristics of the rivers and streams in South Carolina. A particular need is information concerning the low-flow characteristics of streams, which is especially important for effectively managing the State’s water resources during critical flow periods, such as during the historic droughts that South Carolina has experienced in the past few decades.</p>\n<br>\n<p>In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, initiated a study to update low-flow statistics at continuous-record streamgaging stations operated by the U.S. Geological Survey in South Carolina. This report presents the low-flow statistics for 11 selected streamgaging stations in the Catawba-Wateree and Santee River Basins in South Carolina and 2 in North Carolina. For five of the streamgaging stations, low-flow statistics include daily mean flow durations or the 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 75-, 90-, and 95-percent probability of exceedance and the annual minimum 1-, 3-, 7-, 14-, 30-, 60-, and 90-day mean flows with recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 years, depending on the length of record available at the streamgaging station. For the other eight streamgaging stations, only daily mean flow durations and (or) exceedance percentiles of annual minimum 7-day average flows are provided due to regulation. In either case, the low-flow statistics were computed from records available through March 31, 2012.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Of the five streamgaging stations for which recurrence interval computations were made, three streamgaging stations in South Carolina were compared to low-flow statistics that were published in previous U.S. Geological Survey reports. A comparison of the low-flow statistics for the annual minimum 7-day average streamflow with a 10-year recurrence interval (7Q10) from this study with the most recently published values indicated that two of the streamgaging stations had values lower than the previous values and the 7Q10 for the third station remained unchanged at zero. Low-flow statistics are influenced by length of record, hydrologic regime under which the data were collected, analytical techniques used, and other factors, such as urbanization, diversions, and droughts that may have occurred in the basin.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141113","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., and Guimaraes, W.B., 2014, Low-flow frequency and flow duration of selected South Carolina streams in the Catawba-Wateree and Santee River Basins through March 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1113, vi, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141113.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalEnd":"2012-03-31","ipdsId":"IP-054453","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141113.jpg"},{"id":289380,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1113/"},{"id":289381,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1113/pdf/ofr2014-1113.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Catawba-Wateree River Basin, Santee River 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,{"id":70107000,"text":"sir20145099 - 2014 - Assessing potential effects of highway runoff on receiving-water quality at selected sites in Oregon with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-01T16:14:17","indexId":"sir20145099","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T16:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5099","title":"Assessing potential effects of highway runoff on receiving-water quality at selected sites in Oregon with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM)","docAbstract":"<p>In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey and the Oregon Department of Transportation began a cooperative study to demonstrate use of the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM) for runoff-quality analyses in Oregon. SELDM can be used to estimate stormflows, constituent concentrations, and loads from the area upstream of a stormflow discharge site, from the site of interest and in the receiving waters downstream of the discharge. SELDM also can be used to assess the potential effectiveness of best management practices (BMP) for mitigating potential effects of runoff in receiving waters. Nominally, SELDM is a highway-runoff model, but it is well suited for analysis of runoff from other land uses as well.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report provides case studies and examples to demonstrate stochastic-runoff modeling concepts and to demonstrate application of the model. Basin characteristics from six Oregon highway study sites were used to demonstrate various applications of the model. The highway catchment and upstream basin drainage areas of these study sites ranged from 3.85 to 11.83 acres and from 0.16 to 6.56 square miles, respectively. The upstream basins of two sites are urbanized, and the remaining four sites are less than 5 percent impervious.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>SELDM facilitates analysis by providing precipitation, pre-storm streamflow, and other variables by region or from hydrologically similar sites. In Oregon, there can be large variations in precipitation and streamflow among nearby sites. Therefore, spatially interpolated geographic information system data layers containing storm-event precipitation and pre-storm streamflow statistics specific to Oregon were created for the study using Kriging techniques.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Concentrations and loads of cadmium, chloride, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, phosphorus, and zinc were simulated at the six Oregon highway study sites by using statistics from sites in other areas of the country. Water‑quality datasets measured at hydrologically similar basins in the vicinity of the study sites in Oregon were selected and compiled to estimate stormflow-quality statistics for the upstream basins. The quality of highway runoff and some upstream stormflow constituents were simulated by using statistical moments (average, standard deviation, and skew) of the logarithms of data. Some upstream stormflow constituents were simulated by using transport curves, which are relations between stormflow and constituent concentrations.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Stochastic analyses were done by using SELDM to demonstrate use of the model and to illustrate the types of information that stochastic analyses may provide:</p>\n<br/>\n<p>1.  An analysis was done to demonstrate use of dilution factors as an initial reconnaissance tool for comparing relative risk among sites.<br/>\n2.  An analysis of hardness-dependent, water-quality criteria was done to illustrate the effects of variations in hardness and flow on the application and interpretation of such criteria. This analysis shows that hardness-dependent criteria can vary by an order of magnitude among storm events because hardness is diluted by stormflows.<br/>\n3.  An analysis of uncertainties in input and output values was done to demonstrate that properly selected robust datasets are needed to represent conditions at a site of interest. This analysis shows that the rate of water-quality exceedances that are measured or simulated may depend on sample size and the luck of the draw.<br/>\n4.  An analysis was done to demonstrate that SELDM and other Monte Carlo models may generate extreme values from input statistics, which may or may not be feasible based on physicochemical or hydrological limits.<br/>\n5.  An analysis of BMP modeling methods was done to demonstrate use of the model for estimating treatment requirements for meeting water-quality objectives.<br/>\n6.  An analysis of the use of grab sampling and nonstochastic upstream modeling methods was done to evaluate the potential effects on modeling outcomes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Additional analyses using surrogate water-quality datasets for the upstream basin and highway catchment were provided for six Oregon study sites to illustrate the risk-based information that SELDM will produce. These analyses show that the potential effects of highway runoff on receiving-water quality downstream of the outfall depends on the ratio of drainage areas (dilution), the quality of the receiving water upstream of the highway, and the concentration of the criteria of the constituent of interest. These analyses also show that the probability of exceeding a water-quality criterion may depend on the input statistics used, thus careful selection of representative values is important.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145099","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., and Granato, G., 2014, Assessing potential effects of highway runoff on receiving-water quality at selected sites in Oregon with the Stochastic Empirical Loading and Dilution Model (SELDM): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5099, Report: ix, 73 p.; GIS Data Layers; Appendix Tables B1-B3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145099.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 73 p.; GIS Data Layers; Appendix Tables B1-B3","numberOfPages":"88","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049582","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145099.jpg"},{"id":289349,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5099/pdf/sir2014-5099.pdf"},{"id":289348,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5099/"},{"id":289350,"type":{"id":23,"text":"Spatial Data"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5099/downloads/GIS_Data_Layers.zip"},{"id":289351,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5099/downloads/sir2014-5099_AppTableB1.xlsx"},{"id":289352,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5099/downloads/sir2014-5099_AppTableB2.xlsx"},{"id":289353,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5099/downloads/sir2014-5099_AppTableB3.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.61,41.99 ], [ -124.61,46.29 ], [ -116.46,46.29 ], [ -116.46,41.99 ], [ -124.61,41.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b3ca51e4b07c5f79a7f30f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Granato, Gregory E. 0000-0002-2561-9913 ggranato@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-9913","contributorId":1692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Granato","given":"Gregory E.","email":"ggranato@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70146519,"text":"70146519 - 2014 - Editorial for Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-20T10:10:10","indexId":"70146519","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3823,"text":"Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Editorial for Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrological regimes and processes show strong regional differences. While some regions are affected by extreme drought and desertification, others are under threat of increased fluvial and/or pluvial floods. Changes to hydrological systems as a consequence of natural variations and human activities are region-specific. Many of these changes have significant interactions with and implications for human life and ecosystems. Amongst others, population growth, improvements in living standards and other demographic and socio-economic trends, related changes in water and energy demands, change in land use, water abstractions and returns to the hydrological system (UNEP, 2008), introduce temporal and spatial changes to the system and cause contamination of surface and ground waters. Hydro-meteorological boundary conditions are also undergoing spatial and temporal changes. Climate change has been shown to increase temporal and spatial variations of rainfall, increase temperature and cause changes to evapotranspiration and other hydro-meteorological variables (IPCC, 2013). However, these changes are also region specific. In addition to these climate trends, (multi)-decadal oscillatory changes in climatic conditions and large variations in meteorological conditions will continue to occur.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier B.V.","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.06.004","usgsCitation":"Willems, P., Batelaan, O., Hughes, D.A., and Swarzenski, P.W., 2014, Editorial for Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies: Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, v. 1, p. A1-A5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.06.004.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"A1","endPage":"A5","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061817","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.06.004","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299776,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":299705,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2014.06.004"}],"volume":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55362338e4b0b22a15807a8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Willems, Patrick","contributorId":140282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Willems","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13440,"text":"KU Leuven, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hydraulics Section, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, 3001 Leuven, Belgium","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Batelaan, Okke","contributorId":140280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batelaan","given":"Okke","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13438,"text":"Flinders University, School of the Environment, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Denis A.","contributorId":140281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hughes","given":"Denis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13439,"text":"Rhodes University, Institute for Water Research, P.O. Box 94, 6140 Grahamstown, South Africa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swarzenski, Peter W. 0000-0003-0116-0578 pswarzen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":1070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"Peter","email":"pswarzen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70137264,"text":"70137264 - 2014 - Arroyo channel head evolution in a flash-flood-dominated discontinuous ephemeral stream system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-07T10:26:12","indexId":"70137264","displayToPublicDate":"2014-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arroyo channel head evolution in a flash-flood-dominated discontinuous ephemeral stream system","docAbstract":"<p><span>We study whether arroyo channel head retreat in dryland discontinuous ephemeral streams is driven by surface runoff, seepage erosion, mass wasting, or some combination of these hydrogeomorphic processes. We monitored precipitation, overland flow, soil moisture, and headcut migration over several seasonal cycles at two adjacent rangeland channel heads in southern Arizona. Erosion occurred by headward retreat of vertical to overhanging faces, driven dominantly by surface runoff. No evidence exists for erosion caused by shallow-groundwater&ndash;related processes, even though similar theater-headed morphologies are sometimes attributed to seepage erosion by emerging groundwater. At our field site, vertical variation in soil shear strength influenced the persistence of the characteristic theater-head form. The dominant processes of erosion included removal of grains and soil aggregates during even very shallow (1&ndash;3 cm) overland flow events by runoff on vertical to overhanging channel headwalls, plunge-pool erosion during higher-discharge runoff events, immediate postrunoff wet mass wasting, and minor intra-event dry mass wasting on soil tension fractures developing subparallel to the headwall. Multiple stepwise linear regression indicates that the migration rate is most strongly correlated with flow duration and total precipitation and is poorly correlated with peak flow depth or time-integrated flow depth. The studied channel heads migrated upslope with a self-similar morphologic form under a wide range of hydrological conditions, and the most powerful flash floods were not always responsible for the largest changes in landscape form in this environment.</span>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/B31064.1","usgsCitation":"DeLong, S.B., Johnson, J.P., and Whipple, K.X., 2014, Arroyo channel head evolution in a flash-flood-dominated discontinuous ephemeral stream system: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 126, no. 11-12, p. 1683-1701, https://doi.org/10.1130/B31064.1.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1683","endPage":"1701","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053768","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.7646484375,\n              37.055177106660814\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.2041015625,\n              31.16580958786196\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.9609375,\n              32.54681317351514\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.169921875,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"126","issue":"11-12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-07-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b3ae4b08de9379b32b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Joel P. L.","contributorId":138502,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"P. L.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whipple, Kelin X.","contributorId":138503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Whipple","given":"Kelin","email":"","middleInitial":"X.","affiliations":[{"id":12431,"text":"ASU","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":537618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70114017,"text":"ofr20141128 - 2014 - Comparison of historical streamflows to 2013 Streamflows in the Williamson, Sprague, and Wood Rivers, Upper Klamath Lake Basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-18T08:23:39","indexId":"ofr20141128","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T15:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1128","title":"Comparison of historical streamflows to 2013 Streamflows in the Williamson, Sprague, and Wood Rivers, Upper Klamath Lake Basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"<p>In 2013, the Upper Klamath Lake Basin, Oregon, experienced a dry spring, resulting in an executive order declaring a state of drought emergency in Klamath County. The 2013 drought limited the water supply and led to a near-total cessation of surface-water diversions for irrigation above Upper Klamath Lake once regulation was implemented. These conditions presented a unique opportunity to understand the effects of water right regulation on streamflows.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The effects of regulation of diversions were evaluated by comparing measured 2013 streamflow with data from hydrologically similar years. Years with spring streamflow similar to that in 2013 measured at the Sprague River gage at Chiloquin from water years 1973 to 2012 were used to define a Composite Index Year (CIY; with diversions) for comparison to measured 2013 streamflows (no diversions). The best-fit 6 years (1977, 1981, 1990, 1991, 1994, and 2001) were used to determine the CIY.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Two streams account for most of the streamflow into Upper Klamath Lake: the Williamson and Wood Rivers. Most streamflow into the lake is from the Williamson River Basin, which includes the Sprague River. Because most of the diversion regulation affecting the streamflow of the Williamson River occurred in the Sprague River Basin, and because of uncertainties about historical flows in a major diversion above the Williamson River gage, streamflow data from the Sprague River were used to estimate the change in streamflow from regulation of diversions for the Williamson River Basin. Changes in streamflow outside of the Sprague River Basin were likely minor relative to total streamflow.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The effect of diversion regulation was evaluated using the “Baseflow Method,” which compared 2013 baseflow to baseflow of the CIY. The Baseflow Method reduces the potential effects of summer precipitation events on the calculations. A similar method using streamflow produced similar results, however, despite at least one summer precipitation event. The result of the analysis estimates that streamflow from the Williamson River Basin to Upper Klamath Lake increased by approximately 14,100 acre-feet between July 1 and September 30 relative to prior dry years as a result of regulation of surface-water diversions in 2013.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Quantifying the change in streamflow from regulation of diversion for the Wood River Basin was likely less accurate due to a lack of long-term streamflow data. An increase in streamflow from regulation of diversions in the Wood River Basin of roughly 5,500 acre-feet was estimated by comparing the average August and September streamflow in 2013 with historical August and September streamflow.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Summing the results of the estimated streamflow gain of the Williamson River Basin (14,100 acre-feet) and Wood River (5,500 acre-feet) gives a total estimated increase in streamflow into Upper Klamath Lake resulting from the July 1–September 2013 regulation of diversions of approximately 19,600 acre-feet.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hess, G.W., and Stonewall, A., 2014, Comparison of historical streamflows to 2013 Streamflows in the Williamson, Sprague, and Wood Rivers, Upper Klamath Lake Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1128, iv, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141128.","productDescription":"iv, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-053100","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289113,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1128/pdf/ofr2014-1128.pdf"},{"id":289114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141128.jpg"},{"id":289112,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1128/"}],"scale":"1000000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,42.333333 ], [ -122.0,42.833333 ], [ -120.5,42.833333 ], [ -120.5,42.333333 ], [ -122.0,42.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ad32d6e4b0729c154181a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hess, Glen W.","contributorId":19136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"Glen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stonewall, Adam J. 0000-0002-3277-8736 stonewal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-8736","contributorId":2699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonewall","given":"Adam J.","email":"stonewal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70114502,"text":"70114502 - 2014 - InSAR detects increase in surface subsidence caused by an Arctic tundra fire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-07T13:29:03","indexId":"70114502","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-26T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"InSAR detects increase in surface subsidence caused by an Arctic tundra fire","docAbstract":"Wildfire is a major disturbance in the Arctic tundra and boreal forests, having a significant impact on soil hydrology, carbon cycling, and permafrost dynamics. This study explores the use of the microwave Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique to map and quantify ground surface subsidence caused by the Anaktuvuk River fire on the North Slope of Alaska. We detected an increase of up to 8 cm of thaw-season ground subsidence after the fire, which is due to a combination of thickened active layer and permafrost thaw subsidence. Our results illustrate the effectiveness and potential of using InSAR to quantify fire impacts on the Arctic tundra, especially in regions underlain by ice-rich permafrost. Our study also suggests that surface subsidence is a more comprehensive indicator of fire impacts on ice-rich permafrost terrain than changes in active layer thickness alone.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2014GL060533","usgsCitation":"Liu, L., Jafarov, E.E., Schaefer, K.M., Jones, B.M., Zebker, H.A., Williams, C.A., Rogan, J., and Zhang, T., 2014, InSAR detects increase in surface subsidence caused by an Arctic tundra fire: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 11, p. 3906-3913, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060533.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3906","endPage":"3913","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-056850","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472926,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl060533","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":289062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289061,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060533"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Anaktuvuk River;North Slope Of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.0,68.0 ], [ -159.0,72.0 ], [ -147.0,72.0 ], [ -147.0,68.0 ], [ -159.0,68.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ad32d9e4b0729c154181aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liu, Lin","contributorId":92950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Lin","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36342,"text":"Earth System Science Programme, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jafarov, Elchin E.","contributorId":40880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jafarov","given":"Elchin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaefer, Kevin M.","contributorId":89449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Benjamin M. 0000-0002-1517-4711 bjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1517-4711","contributorId":2286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Benjamin","email":"bjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zebker, Howard A.","contributorId":80401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zebker","given":"Howard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Williams, Christopher A.","contributorId":91791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rogan, John","contributorId":83008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogan","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Zhang, Tingjun","contributorId":66600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Tingjun","affiliations":[{"id":28117,"text":"Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70110626,"text":"ofr20141103 - 2014 - Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data, Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, Nebraska, 2011-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-25T11:49:46","indexId":"ofr20141103","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1103","title":"Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data, Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, Nebraska, 2011-12","docAbstract":"<p>Recently (2004) adopted legislation in Nebraska requires a sustainable balance between long-term supplies and uses of surface-water and groundwater and requires Natural Resources Districts to understand the effect of groundwater use on surface-water systems when developing a groundwater-management plan. The South Platte Natural Resources District (SPNRD) is located in the southern Nebraska Panhandle and overlies the nationally important High Plains aquifer. Declines in water levels have been documented, and more stringent regulations have been enacted to ensure the supply of ground-water will be sufficient to meet the needs of future generations. Because an improved understanding of the hydrogeologic characteristics of this aquifer system is needed to ensure sustainability of groundwater withdrawals, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the SPNRD, Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust, began a hydrogeologic study of the SPNRD to describe the lithology and thickness of the High Plains aquifer. This report documents these characteristics at 29 new test holes, 28 of which were drilled to the base of the High Plains aquifer.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Herein the High Plains aquifer is considered to include all hydrologically connected units of Tertiary and Quaternary age. The depth to the base of aquifer was interpreted to range from 37 to 610 feet in 28 of the 29 test holes. At some locations, particularly northern Kimball County, the base-of-aquifer surface was difficult to interpret from drill cutting samples and borehole geophysical logs. The depth to the base of aquifer determined for test holes drilled for this report was compared with the base-of-aquifer surface interpreted by previous researchers. In general, there were greater differences between the base-of-aquifer elevation reported herein and those in previous studies for areas north of Lodgepole Creek compared to areas south of Lodgepole Creek. The largest difference was at test hole 5-SP-11, where an Ogallala-filled paleovalley prevously had been interpreted based on relatively sparse test-hole data west of 5-SP-11. The base of aquifer near test hole 5-SP-11 reported herein is approximately 230 ft higher in elevation than previously interpreted. Among other test holes that are likely to have been drilled in Ogallala-filled paleovalleys, the greatest difference in the interpreted base of aquifer was for test hole 7-CC-11, northeast of Potter, Nebraska, where the base of aquifer is 180 feet deeper than previously interpreted.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data for 29 additional test holes will improve resource managers’ understanding of the hydrogeologic characteristics, including aquifer thickness. Aquifer thickness, which is related to total water in storage, is not well quantified in the north and south tablelands. The additional hydrostratigraphic interpretations provided in this report will improve the hydrogeologic framework used in current (2014) and future groundwater models, which are the basis for many water-management decisions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141103","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Platte Natural Resources District, Conservation and Survey Division of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Hobza, C.M., and Sibray, S.S., 2014, Hydrostratigraphic interpretation of test-hole and borehole geophysical data, Kimball, Cheyenne, and Deuel Counties, Nebraska, 2011-12: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1103, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141103.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054067","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289044,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1103/pdf/ofr2014-1103.pdf"},{"id":289045,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141103.jpg"},{"id":289043,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1103/"}],"scale":"750000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.0,41.0 ], [ -104.0,41.5 ], [ -102.0,41.5 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -104.0,41.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe154e4b0dad35f8e8ca4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hobza, Christopher M. 0000-0002-6239-934X cmhobza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-934X","contributorId":2393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hobza","given":"Christopher","email":"cmhobza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sibray, Steven S.","contributorId":88589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sibray","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70103478,"text":"fs20143045 - 2014 - Hydrogeologic aspects of the Knippa Gap area in eastern Uvalde and western Medina counties, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:31:08","indexId":"fs20143045","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-25T09:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3045","title":"Hydrogeologic aspects of the Knippa Gap area in eastern Uvalde and western Medina counties, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Edwards aquifer is the primary source of potable water for the San Antonio area in south-central Texas. The Knippa Gap area is a structural low (trough) postulated to channel or restrict flow in the Edwards aquifer in eastern Uvalde and western Medina Counties, Tex. To better understand the function of the Knippa Gap, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, developed the first detailed surficial geologic map of the Knippa Gap area with data and information obtained from previous investigations and field observations. A simplified version of the detailed geologic map depicting the hydrologic units, faulting, and structural dips of the Knippa Gap area is provided in this fact sheet. The map shows that groundwater flow in the Edwards aquifer is influenced by the Balcones Fault Zone, a structurally complex area of the aquifer that contains relay ramps that have formed in extensional fault systems and allowed for deformational changes along fault blocks. Faulting in southeast Uvalde and southwest Medina Counties has produced relay-ramp structures that dip downgradient to the structural low (trough) of the Knippa Gap.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143045","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Lambert, R.B., Clark, A.K., Pedraza, D.E., and Morris, R., 2014, Hydrogeologic aspects of the Knippa Gap area in eastern Uvalde and western Medina counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3045, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143045.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055858","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143045.jpg"},{"id":289039,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3045/"},{"id":289040,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3045/pdf/fs2014-3045.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Medina County, Uvalde County","otherGeospatial":"Knippa Gap","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.0,29.0 ], [ -100.0,29.5 ], [ -98.25,29.5 ], [ -98.25,29.0 ], [ -100.0,29.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53abe153e4b0dad35f8e8ca0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lambert, Rebecca B. 0000-0002-0611-1591 blambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0611-1591","contributorId":1135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Rebecca","email":"blambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Allan K. 0000-0003-0099-1521 akclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1521","contributorId":1279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Allan","email":"akclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pedraza, Diana E. 0000-0003-4483-8094 dpedraza@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4483-8094","contributorId":1281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pedraza","given":"Diana","email":"dpedraza@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morris, Robert R. 0000-0001-7504-3732","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-3732","contributorId":106213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"Robert R.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70114226,"text":"ofr20141102 - 2014 - Hydrologic data for the Obed River watershed, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-24T15:09:23","indexId":"ofr20141102","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T14:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1102","title":"Hydrologic data for the Obed River watershed, Tennessee","docAbstract":"<p>The Obed River watershed drains a 520-square-mile area of the Cumberland Plateau physiographic region in the Tennessee River basin. The watershed is underlain by conglomerate, sandstone, and shale of Pennsylvanian age, which overlie Mississippian-age limestone. The larger creeks and rivers of the Obed River system have eroded gorges through the conglomerate and sandstone into the deeper shale. The largest gorges are up to 400 feet deep and are protected by the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act as part of the Obed Wild and Scenic River, which is managed by the National Park Service.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The growing communities of Crossville and Crab Orchard, Tennessee, are located upstream of the gorge areas of the Obed River watershed. The cities used about 5.8 million gallons of water per day for drinking water in 2010 from Lake Holiday and Stone Lake in the Obed River watershed and Meadow Park Lake in the Caney Fork River watershed. The city of Crossville operates a wastewater treatment plant that releases an annual average of about 2.2 million gallons per day of treated effluent to the Obed River, representing as much as 10 to 40 percent of the monthly average streamflow of the Obed River near Lancing about 35 miles downstream, during summer and fall. During the past 50 years (1960–2010), several dozen tributary impoundments and more than 2,000 small farm ponds have been constructed in the Obed River watershed. Synoptic streamflow measurements indicate a tendency towards dampened high flows and slightly increased low flows as the percentage of basin area controlled by impoundments increases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141102","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Knight, R., Wolfe, W., and Law, G.S., 2014, Hydrologic data for the Obed River watershed, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1102, v, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141102.","productDescription":"v, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"34","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-025047","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289028,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141102.jpg"},{"id":289026,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1102/"},{"id":289027,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1102/pdf/ofr2014-1102.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Obed River Watershed","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.158333,34.875 ], [ -85.158333,37.125 ], [ -84.625,37.125 ], [ -84.625,34.875 ], [ -85.158333,34.875 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa8fd2e4b065055fab1659","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knight, Rodney R. rrknight@usgs.gov","contributorId":2272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Rodney R.","email":"rrknight@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Law, George S. gslaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":2731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"George","email":"gslaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":495285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70100469,"text":"sim3294 - 2014 - Geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-24T11:26:23","indexId":"sim3294","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-24T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3294","title":"Geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado, portrays the geology in the upper Arkansas valley and along the lower flanks of the Sawatch Range and Mosquito Range near the town of Granite. The oldest rocks, exposed in the southern and eastern parts of the quadrangle, include gneiss and plutonic rocks of Paleoproterozoic age. These rocks are intruded by younger plutonic rocks of Mesoproterozoic age. Felsic hypabyssal dikes, plugs, and plutons, ranging in age from Late Cretaceous or Paleocene to late Oligocene, locally intruded Proterozoic rocks. A small andesite lava flow of upper Oligocene age overlies Paleoproterozoic rock, just south of the Twin Lakes Reservoir. Gravelly fluvial and fan deposits of the Miocene and lower Pliocene(?) Dry Union Formation are preserved in the post-30 Ma upper Arkansas valley graben, a northern extension of the Rio Grande rift. Mostly north-northwest-trending faults displace deposits of the Dry Union Formation and older rock units. Light detection and ranging (lidar) imagery suggests that two short faults, near the Arkansas River, may displace surficial deposits as young as middle Pleistocene.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Surficial deposits of middle Pleistocene to Holocene age are widespread in the Granite quadrangle, particularly in the major valleys and on slopes underlain by the Dry Union Formation. The main deposits are glacial outwash and post-glacial alluvium; mass-movement deposits transported by creep, debris flow, landsliding, and rockfall; till deposited during the Pinedale, Bull Lake, and pre-Bull Lake glaciations; rock-glacier deposits; and placer-tailings deposits formed by hydraulic mining and other mining methods used to concentrate native gold.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Hydrologic and geologic processes locally affect use of the land and locally may be of concern regarding the stability of buildings and infrastructure, chiefly in low-lying areas along and near stream channels and locally in areas of moderate to steep slopes. Low-lying areas along major and minor streams are subject to periodic stream flooding. Mass-movement deposits and deposits of the Dry Union Formation that underlie moderate to steep slopes are locally subject to creep, debris-flow deposition, and landsliding. Proterozoic rocks that underlie steep slopes are locally subject to rockfall.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Sand and gravel resources for construction and other uses in and near the Granite quadrangle are present in outwash-terrace deposits of middle and late Pleistocene age along the Arkansas River and along tributary streams in glaciated valleys.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3294","usgsCitation":"Shroba, R.R., Kellogg, K., and Brandt, T.R., 2014, Geologic map of the Granite 7.5' quadrangle, Lake and Chaffee Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3294, Report: v, 31 p.; 2 Map Sheets: 31.17 x 36.65 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3294.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; 2 Map Sheets: 31.17 x 36.65 inches; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042385","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289021,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3294.jpg"},{"id":289020,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/"},{"id":289022,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/pdf/sim3294.pdf"},{"id":289023,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/downloads/sim3294_map_hillshade.pdf"},{"id":289024,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/downloads/sim3294_map.pdf"},{"id":289025,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3294/downloads/"}],"scale":"24000","datum":"North American Datum of 1927","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Chaffee County;Lake County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.375,39.0 ], [ -106.375,39.125 ], [ -106.25,39.125 ], [ -106.25,39.0 ], [ -106.375,39.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53aa8fd1e4b065055fab1657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shroba, Ralph R. 0000-0002-2664-1813 rshroba@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-1813","contributorId":1266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shroba","given":"Ralph","email":"rshroba@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70104184,"text":"sir20145082 - 2014 - Evaluation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Caddo County, Oklahoma, 2010-13","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-23T13:19:50","indexId":"sir20145082","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-23T13:07:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5082","title":"Evaluation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Caddo County, Oklahoma, 2010-13","docAbstract":"<p>Streamflows, springs, and wetlands are important natural and cultural resources to the Caddo Nation. Consequently, the Caddo Nation is concerned about the vulnerability of the Rush Springs aquifer to overdrafting and whether the aquifer will continue to be a viable source of water to tribal members and other local residents in the future. Interest in the long-term viability of local water resources has resulted in ongoing development of a comprehensive water plan by the Caddo Nation. As part of a multiyear project with the Caddo Nation to provide information and tools to better manage and protect water resources, the U.S. Geological Survey studied the hydraulic connection between the Rush Springs aquifer and springs and streams overlying the aquifer.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area is located in southwestern Oklahoma, primarily in Caddo County. Underlying the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area is the Permian-age Rush Springs aquifer. Water from the Rush Springs aquifer is used for irrigation, public, livestock and aquaculture, and other supply purposes. Groundwater from the Rush Springs aquifer also is withdrawn by domestic (self-supplied) wells, although domestic use was not included in the water-use summary in this report. Perennial streamflow in many streams and creeks overlying the Rush Springs aquifer, such as Cobb Creek, Lake Creek, and Willow Creek, originates from springs and seeps discharging from the aquifer.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This report provides information on the evaluation of groundwater and surface-water resources in the Caddo Nation Jurisdictional Area, and in particular, information that describes the hydraulic connection between the Rush Springs aquifer and springs and streams overlying the aquifer. This report also includes data and analyses of base flow, evidence for groundwater and surface-water interactions, locations of springs and wetland areas, groundwater flows interpreted from potentiometric-surface maps, and hydrographs of water levels monitored in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area from 2010 to 2013.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Flow in streams overlying the Rush Springs aquifer, on average, were composed of 50 percent base flow in most years. Monthly mean base flow appeared to maintain streamflows throughout each year, but periods of zero flow were documented in daily hydrographs at each measured site, typically in the summer months.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A pneumatic slug-test technique was used at 15 sites to determine the horizontal hydraulic conductivity of streambed sediments in streams overlying the Rush Springs aquifer. Converting horizontal hydraulic conductivities (Kh) from the slug-test analyses to vertical hydraulic conductivities (Kv) by using a ratio of Kv/Kh = 0.1 resulted in estimates of vertical streambed hydraulic conductivity ranging from 0.1 to 8.6 feet per day. Data obtained from a hydraulic potentiomanometer in streambed sediments and streams in August 2012 indicate that water flow was from the streambed sediments to the stream (gaining) at 6 of 15 sites, and that water flow was from the stream to the streambed sediments (losing) at 9 of 15 sites.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The groundwater and surface-water interaction data collected at the Cobb Creek near Eakly, Okla., streamflow gaging station (07325800), indicate that the bedrock groundwater, alluvial groundwater, and surface-water resources are closely connected. Because of this hydrologic connection, large perennial streams in the study area may change from gaining to losing streams in the summer. The timing and severity of this change from a gaining to a losing condition probably is affected by the local or regional withdrawal of groundwater for irrigation in the summer growing season. Wells placed closer to streams have a greater and more immediate effect on alluvial groundwater levels and stream stages than wells placed farther from streams. Large-capacity irrigation wells, even those completed hundreds of feet below land surface in the bedrock aquifer, can induce surface-water flow from nearby streams by lowering alluvial groundwater levels below the stream altitude.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Twenty-five new springs visible from public roads and paths were documented during a survey of springs in 2011. Most of the springs are in upland draws on the flanks of topographic ridges. Wetlands primarily were identified by using a combination of data sources including the National Wetlands Inventory, Soil Survey Geographic database frequently flooded soils maps, and aerial photographs.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Regional flow directions were determined by analysis of water levels measured in 29 wells completed in the Rush 2 Springs aquifer in Caddo County and the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area. Water levels were monitored every 30 minutes in five wells by using a vented pressure transducer and a data-collection platform with real-time transmitting equipment in each well. Those five wells ranged in depth from 210 to 350 feet. Water levels in these five wells indicate that there was a decrease in water storage in the Rush Springs aquifer from October 2010 to June 2013.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145082","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Caddo Nation, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Mashburn, S.L., and Smith, S.J., 2014, Evaluation of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area, Caddo County, Oklahoma, 2010-13: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5082, ix, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145082.","productDescription":"ix, 54 p.","numberOfPages":"67","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050683","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289007,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145082.jpg"},{"id":289004,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5082/"},{"id":289006,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5082/pdf/sir2014-5082.pdf"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","county":"Caddo County","otherGeospatial":"Caddo Nation Tribal Jurisdictional Area","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.8,34.994 ], [ -98.8,35.7978 ], [ -97.8003,35.7978 ], [ -97.8003,34.994 ], [ -98.8,34.994 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53a93e51e4b0f1f8e2fa864c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mashburn, Shana L. 0000-0001-5163-778X shanam@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-778X","contributorId":2140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mashburn","given":"Shana","email":"shanam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70113285,"text":"70113285 - 2014 - Spatial variability in nutrient transport by HUC8, state, and subbasin based on Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin SPARROW models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:16:46","indexId":"70113285","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial variability in nutrient transport by HUC8, state, and subbasin based on Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin SPARROW models","docAbstract":"Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB) has been linked to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico. With geospatial datasets for 2002, including inputs from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and monitored loads throughout the MARB, SPAtially Referenced Regression On Watershed attributes (SPARROW) watershed models were constructed specifically for the MARB, which reduced simulation errors from previous models. Based on these models, N loads/yields were highest from the central part (centered over Iowa and Indiana) of the MARB (Corn Belt), and the highest P yields were scattered throughout the MARB. Spatial differences in yields from previous studies resulted from different descriptions of the dominant sources (N yields are highest with crop-oriented agriculture and P yields are highest with crop and animal agriculture and major WWTPs) and different descriptions of downstream transport. Delivered loads/yields from the MARB SPARROW models are used to rank subbasins, states, and eight-digit Hydrologic Unit Code basins (HUC8s) by N and P contributions and then rankings are compared with those from other studies. Changes in delivered yields result in an average absolute change of 1.3 (N) and 1.9 (P) places in state ranking and 41 (N) and 69 (P) places in HUC8 ranking from those made with previous national-scale SPARROW models. This information may help managers decide where efforts could have the largest effects (highest ranked areas) and thus reduce hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12153","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Saad, D.A., and Schwarz, G., 2014, Spatial variability in nutrient transport by HUC8, state, and subbasin based on Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin SPARROW models: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 4, p. 988-1009, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12153.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"988","endPage":"1009","numberOfPages":"22","ipdsId":"IP-050729","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288916,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288912,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12153"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atchafalaya River;Gulf Of Mexico;Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.39,28.46 ], [ -118.39,50.29 ], [ -72.73,50.29 ], [ -72.73,28.46 ], [ -118.39,28.46 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7831e4b0abf75cf2cd7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Saad, David A. dasaad@usgs.gov","contributorId":121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saad","given":"David","email":"dasaad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwarz, Gregory E. 0000-0002-9239-4566 gschwarz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-4566","contributorId":543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwarz","given":"Gregory E.","email":"gschwarz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5067,"text":"Northeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":495044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70113286,"text":"70113286 - 2014 - Effects of lakes and reservoirs on annual river nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment export in agricultural and forested landscapes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:16:29","indexId":"70113286","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T12:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of lakes and reservoirs on annual river nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment export in agricultural and forested landscapes","docAbstract":"<p>Recently, effects of lakes and reservoirs on river nutrient export have been incorporated into landscape biogeochemical models. Because annual export varies with precipitation, there is a need to examine the biogeochemical role of lakes and reservoirs over time frames that incorporate interannual variability in precipitation. We examined long-term (~20&thinsp;years) time series of river export (annual mass yield, Y, and flow-weighted mean annual concentration, C) for total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total suspended sediment (TSS) from 54 catchments in Wisconsin, USA. Catchments were classified as small agricultural, large agricultural, and forested by use of a cluster analysis, and these varied in lentic coverage (percentage of catchment lake or reservoir water that was connected to river network). Mean annual export and interannual variability (CV) of export (for both Y and C) were higher in agricultural catchments relative to forested catchments for TP, TN, and TSS. In both agricultural and forested settings, mean and maximum annual TN yields were lower in the presence of lakes and reservoirs, suggesting lentic denitrification or N burial. There was also evidence of long-term lentic TP and TSS retention, especially when viewed in terms of maximum annual yield, suggesting sedimentation during high loading years. Lentic catchments had lower interannual variability in export. For TP and TSS, interannual variability in mass yield was often &gt;50% higher than interannual variability in water yield, whereas TN variability more closely followed water (discharge) variability. Our results indicate that long-term mass export through rivers depends on interacting terrestrial, aquatic, and meteorological factors in which the presence of lakes and reservoirs can reduce the magnitude of export, stabilize interannual variability in export, as well as introduce export time lags.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","doi":"10.1002/hyp.10083","usgsCitation":"Powers, S.M., Robertson, D.M., and Stanley, E.H., 2014, Effects of lakes and reservoirs on annual river nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment export in agricultural and forested landscapes: Hydrological Processes, v. 28, no. 24, p. 5919-5937, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10083.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"5919","endPage":"5937","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050925","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288915,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288913,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10083"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.89,42.49 ], [ -92.89,47.08 ], [ -86.76,47.08 ], [ -86.76,42.49 ], [ -92.89,42.49 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"28","issue":"24","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7698e4b0abf75cf2bfbe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, Stephen M.","contributorId":35238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Powers","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":495046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":495045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":495047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70189943,"text":"70189943 - 2014 - Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes:","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T16:44:03.209979","indexId":"70189943","displayToPublicDate":"2014-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"7.2","title":"Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes:","docAbstract":"<p><span>This chapter provides an overview of geochemical modeling that applies to water–rock interactions under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure. Topics include modeling definitions, historical background, issues of activity coefficients, popular codes and databases, examples of modeling common types of water–rock interactions, and issues of model reliability. Examples include speciation, microbial redox kinetics and ferrous iron oxidation, calcite dissolution, pyrite oxidation, combined pyrite and calcite dissolution, dedolomitization, seawater–carbonate groundwater mixing, reactive-transport modeling in streams, modeling catchments, and evaporation of seawater. The chapter emphasizes limitations to geochemical modeling: that a proper understanding and ability to communicate model results well are as important as completing a set of useful modeling computations and that greater sophistication in model and code development is not necessarily an advancement. If the goal is to understand how a particular geochemical system behaves, it is better to collect more field data than rely on computer codes.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences: Treatise on geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00502-7","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., and Campbell, K.M., 2014, Modeling low-temperature geochemical processes:, chap. 7.2 <i>of</i> Reference module in earth systems and environmental sciences: Treatise on geochemistry, v. 7, p. 27-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.00502-7.","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"68","ipdsId":"IP-038052","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345118,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","edition":"2nd Edition","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599fe5bce4b038630d022110","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":706839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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