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The prediction of incipient motion has had great importance to the theory of sediment transport. The most commonly used methods are based on the concept of critical shear stress and employ an approach similar, or identical, to the Shields diagram. An alternative method that uses the movability number, defined as the ratio of the shear velocity to the particle’s settling velocity, was employed in this study. A large amount of experimental data were used to develop an empirical incipient motion criterion based on the movability number. It is shown that this approach can provide a simple and accurate method of computing the threshold condition for sediment motion.

","language":"English","publisher":"Hohai University, Nanjing","publisherLocation":"Nanjing, China","doi":"10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2014.02.006","usgsCitation":"Simoes, F.J., 2014, Shear velocity criterion for incipient motion of sediment: Water Science and Engineering, v. 7, no. 2, p. 183-193, https://doi.org/10.3882/j.issn.1674-2370.2014.02.006.","startPage":"183","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012888","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57ac50e3e4b0d1835674b2cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simoes, Francisco J. 0000-0002-0934-9730 frsimoes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-9730","contributorId":2019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simoes","given":"Francisco","email":"frsimoes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":645117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70058576,"text":"sir20135144 - 2014 - Water quality and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in the Meduxnekeag River, Houlton, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-24T09:39:06","indexId":"sir20135144","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T10:29:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5144","title":"Water quality and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in the Meduxnekeag River, Houlton, Maine","docAbstract":"

In response to bacterial contamination in the Meduxnekeag River and the desire to manage the watershed to reduce contaminant sources, the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians (HBMI) and the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative effort to establish a baseline of water-quality data that can be used in future studies and to indicate potential sources of nutrient and bacterial contamination. This study was conducted during the summer of 2005 in the Meduxnekeag River Basin near Houlton, Maine. Continuously recorded specific conductance can be a good indicator for water quality. Specific conductance increased downstream from the town of Houlton, between runoff events, and decreased sharply following major runoff events. Collections of discrete samples during the summer of 2005 indicated seasonal positive concentration-discharge relations for total phosphorus and total nitrogen; these results indicate that storm runoff may mobilize and transport these nutrients from the terrestrial environment to the river. Data collected by the HBMI on fecal coliform bacteria indicated that bacterial contamination enters the Meduxnekeag River from multiple paths including tributaries and surface drains (ditches) in developed areas in Houlton, Maine. The Houlton wastewater treatment discharge was not an important source of bacterial contamination.

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Bacteroidales-based tests for general fecal contamination (Bac32 marker) were predominantly positive in samples that had excessive fecal contamination as indicated by Enterococci density greater than 104 colony-forming units per 100 millilters. Of the 22 samples tested for Bacteroidales-based markers of human-associated fecal contamination (HF134 and HF183), 8 were positive. Of the 22 samples tested for Bacteroidales-based markers of ruminant-associated fecal contamination (CF128 and CF193), 7 were positive. Human fecal contamination was detected consistently at two sites (surface drains in urban areas in the town of Houlton) and occasionally detected at one site (Moose Brook) but was not detected at other sites. Fecal contamination (as indicated by fecal coliform density) apparently is localized under normal flow conditions with the highest levels restricted to drains in urban areas and to a lesser extent B Stream, Pearce Brook, and Big Brook, all tributaries to the main stem of the Meduxnekeag River. Coliphage were enumerated as an alternate indicator of fecal contamination with the intent of typing the virus into host-associated classes (human or ruminant), as was done for Enterococci; however, insufficient coliphage were isolated to provide more than preliminary indications. In spite of low coliphage enumeration, the preliminary results strengthen the conclusion that the Enterococci data correctly indicated the samples that contained human and ruminant fecal contamination. The finding that contamination was in many of the tributaries following storms in mid-July indicates that storm runoff likely carries fecal contaminants to more locations than runoff under lower flow conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians","usgsCitation":"Culbertson, C.W., Huntington, T.G., Stoeckel, D.M., Caldwell, J.M., and O’Donnell, C., 2014, Water quality and sources of fecal coliform bacteria in the Meduxnekeag River, Houlton, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5144, viii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135144.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-004144","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286635,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135144.jpg"},{"id":286629,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5144/pdf/sir2013-5144.pdf"},{"id":286640,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5144/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection Zone 19","country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Houlton","otherGeospatial":"Meduxnekeag River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -67.875,46.125 ], [ -67.875,46.208333 ], [ -67.791667,46.208333 ], [ -67.791667,46.125 ], [ -67.875,46.125 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b692ae4b0519b31c2208d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487181,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoeckel, Donald M.","contributorId":78384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, James M. 0000-0001-5880-443X jmcald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5880-443X","contributorId":1882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"James","email":"jmcald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Donnell, Cara","contributorId":79800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Cara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70102838,"text":"70102838 - 2014 - Scaling coastal dune elevation changes across storm-impact regimes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-16T16:27:35","indexId":"70102838","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T10:23:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scaling coastal dune elevation changes across storm-impact regimes","docAbstract":"Extreme storms drive change in coastal areas, including destruction of dune systems that protect coastal populations. Data from four extreme storms impacting four geomorphically diverse barrier islands are used to quantify dune elevation change. This change is compared to storm characteristics to identify variability in dune response, improve understanding of morphological interactions, and provide estimates of scaling parameters applicable for future prediction. Locations where total water levels did not exceed the dune crest experienced elevation change of less than 10%. Regions where wave-induced water levels exceeded the dune crest exhibited a positive linear relationship between the height of water over the dune and the dune elevation change. In contrast, a negative relationship was observed when surge exceeded the dune crest. Results indicate that maximum dune elevation, and therefore future vulnerability, may be more impacted from lower total water levels where waves drive sediment over the dune rather than surge-dominated flooding events.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL059616","usgsCitation":"Long, J.W., de Bakker, A.T., and Plant, N.G., 2014, Scaling coastal dune elevation changes across storm-impact regimes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 8, p. 2899-2906, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059616.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2899","endPage":"2906","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-054799","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473039,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl059616","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286630,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286542,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059616"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.23,23.95 ], [ -99.23,36.6 ], [ -74.93,36.6 ], [ -74.93,23.95 ], [ -99.23,23.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b68b7e4b0519b31c21e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Long, Joseph W. 0000-0003-2912-1992 jwlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2912-1992","contributorId":3303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Joseph","email":"jwlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Bakker, Anouk T. M.","contributorId":43276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de Bakker","given":"Anouk","email":"","middleInitial":"T. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102221,"text":"ofr20141078 - 2014 - Use of satellite imagery to identify vegetation cover changes following the Waldo Canyon Fire event, Colorado, 2012-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-28T09:22:06","indexId":"ofr20141078","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T10:14:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1078","title":"Use of satellite imagery to identify vegetation cover changes following the Waldo Canyon Fire event, Colorado, 2012-2013","docAbstract":"

The Waldo Canyon Fire of 2012 was one of the most destructive wildfire events in Colorado history. The fire burned a total of 18,247 acres, claimed 2 lives, and destroyed 347 homes. The Waldo Canyon Fire continues to pose challenges to nearby communities. In a preliminary emergency assessment conducted in 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) concluded that drainage basins within and near the area affected by the Waldo Canyon Fire pose a risk for future debris flow events. Rainfall over burned, formerly vegetated surfaces resulted in multiple flood and debris flow events that affected the cities of Colorado Springs and Manitou Springs in 2013. One fatality resulted from a mudslide near Manitou Springs in August 2013. Federal, State, and local governments continue to monitor these hazards and other post-fire effects, along with the region’s ecological recovery.

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At the request of the Colorado Springs Office of Emergency Management, the USGS Special Applications Science Center developed a geospatial product to identify vegetation cover changes following the 2012 Waldo Canyon Fire event. Vegetation cover was derived from July 2012 WorldView-2 and September 2013 QuickBird multispectral imagery at a spatial resolution of two meters. The 2012 image was collected after the fire had reached its maximum extent. Per-pixel increases and decreases in vegetation cover were identified by measuring spectral changes that occurred between the 2012 and 2013 image dates. A Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Green-Near Infrared Index (GRNIR) were computed from each image. These spectral indices are commonly used to characterize vegetation cover and health condition, due to their sensitivity to detect foliar chlorophyll content. Vector polygons identifying surface-cover feature boundaries were derived from the 2013 imagery using image segmentation software. This geographic software groups similar image pixels into vector objects based upon their spatial and spectral characteristics. The vector dataset was then populated with the per-pixel spectral change information to provide an estimated percentage of vegetation increase or decrease of pixels within each polygon. Information collected during a field visit to the Waldo Canyon burn scar in September 2013 was used to help validate this assessment (see photographs 1-3). The numbers on the satellite images correspond to the location of the photographs.

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For display purposes, the polygons shown on the map represent areas where significant decrease or increase in vegetation cover occurred. Only polygons that held a 70 percent or greater cover change are shown on this map (a GIS dataset with complete information is available upon request). A significant increase in vegetation cover was found in the burned area. This increase is likely due to the growth of grasses and other herbaceous vegetation. Minimal vegetation cover decrease was detected at this threshold. This product is meant to provide a broad survey of post-fire vegetation trends within the Waldo Canyon burned area to Federal, State, and local officials. It is not designed to quantify species-level vegetation change at this time.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141078","usgsCitation":"Cole, C.J., Friesen, B.A., and Wilson, E.M., 2014, Use of satellite imagery to identify vegetation cover changes following the Waldo Canyon Fire event, Colorado, 2012-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1078, Map: 48.17 inches x 28.71 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141078.","productDescription":"Map: 48.17 inches x 28.71 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054151","costCenters":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141078.jpg"},{"id":286620,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1078/"},{"id":286621,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1078/pdf/ofr2014-1078.pdf"}],"scale":"25000","projection":"UTM projection, Zone 13N","datum":"WGS84","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Waldo Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.966667,38.900000 ], [ -104.966667,38.966667 ], [ -104.866667,38.966667 ], [ -104.866667,38.900000 ], [ -104.966667,38.900000 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b6910e4b0519b31c22058","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Christopher J. cjcole@usgs.gov","contributorId":2163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Christopher","email":"cjcole@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friesen, Beverly A. bafriesen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3216,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friesen","given":"Beverly","email":"bafriesen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Earl M. emwilson@usgs.gov","contributorId":4124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Earl","email":"emwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":573,"text":"Special Applications Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102888,"text":"70102888 - 2014 - Utilizing dimensional analysis with observed data to determine the significance of hydrodynamic solutions in coastal hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T09:34:03","indexId":"70102888","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T09:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1310,"text":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utilizing dimensional analysis with observed data to determine the significance of hydrodynamic solutions in coastal hydrology","docAbstract":"In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the magnitude of the temporal and spatial acceleration (inertial) terms in the surface-water flow equations and determine the conditions under which these inertial terms have sufficient magnitude to be required in the computations. Data from two South Florida field sites are examined and the relative magnitudes of temporal acceleration, spatial acceleration, and the gravity and friction terms are compared. Parameters are derived by using dimensionless numbers and applied to quantify the significance of the hydrodynamic effects. The time series of the ratio of the inertial and gravity terms from field sites are presented and compared with both a simplified indicator parameter and a more complex parameter called the Hydrodynamic Significance Number (HSN). Two test-case models were developed by using the SWIFT2D hydrodynamic simulator to examine flow behavior with and without the inertial terms and compute the HSN. The first model represented one of the previously-mentioned field sites during gate operations of a structure-managed coastal canal. The second model was a synthetic test case illustrating the drainage of water down a sloped surface from an initial stage while under constant flow. The analyses indicate that the times of substantial hydrodynamic effects are sporadic but significant. The simplified indicator parameter correlates much better with the hydrodynamic effect magnitude for a constant width channel such as Miami Canal than at the non-uniform North River. Higher HSN values indicate flow situations where the inertial terms are large and need to be taken into account.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research Publishing Inc.","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2014.32008","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., Decker, J.D., and Hughes, J.D., 2014, Utilizing dimensional analysis with observed data to determine the significance of hydrodynamic solutions in coastal hydrology: Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, v. 3, no. 2, p. 57-77, https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2014.32008.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-052944","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2014.32008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286570,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2014.32008"},{"id":286591,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=45365"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Miami Canal;North River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.4993,24.9985 ], [ -81.4993,26.0667 ], [ -79.9915,26.0667 ], [ -79.9915,24.9985 ], [ -81.4993,24.9985 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b6927e4b0519b31c22071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy D. 0000-0002-0700-515X jdecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-515X","contributorId":514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","email":"jdecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70073843,"text":"sir20135218 - 2014 - Assessment of the quality of groundwater and the Little Wind River in the area of a former uranium processing facility on the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, 1987 through 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T09:09:57","indexId":"sir20135218","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T08:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5218","title":"Assessment of the quality of groundwater and the Little Wind River in the area of a former uranium processing facility on the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, 1987 through 2010","docAbstract":"In 2010, the U.S Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Wind River Environmental Quality Commission (WREQC), began an assessment of the effectiveness of the existing monitoring network at the Riverton, Wyoming, Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) site. The USGS used existing data supplied by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The study was to determine (1) seasonal variations in the direction of groundwater flow in the area of the former uranium processing facility toward the Little Wind River, (2) the extent of contaminated groundwater among the aquifers and between the aquifers and the Little Wind River, (3) whether current monitoring is adequate to establish the effectiveness of natural attenuation for the contaminants of concern, and (4) the influence of groundwater discharged from the sulfuric-acid plant on water quality in the Little Wind River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135218","collaboration":"In cooperation with the Wind River Environmental Quality Commission","usgsCitation":"Ranalli, A.J., and Naftz, D.L., 2014, Assessment of the quality of groundwater and the Little Wind River in the area of a former uranium processing facility on the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, 1987 through 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5218, viii, 104 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135218.","productDescription":"viii, 104 p.","numberOfPages":"115","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-046031","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286590,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135218.jpg"},{"id":286548,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5218/"},{"id":286589,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5218/pdf/sir2013-5218.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Riverton","otherGeospatial":"Little Wind River;Wind River Reservation","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.9954,42.033 ], [ -108.9954,43.6003 ], [ -107.2815,43.6003 ], [ -107.2815,42.033 ], [ -108.9954,42.033 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b67ade4b0519b31c218f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ranalli, Anthony J. tranalli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranalli","given":"Anthony","email":"tranalli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70094152,"text":"sim3286 - 2014 - Bathymetry of the waters surrounding the Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-10T18:30:17","indexId":"sim3286","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T15:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3286","title":"Bathymetry of the waters surrounding the Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"

The Elizabeth Islands in Massachusetts that separate Vineyard Sound from Buzzards Bay are the remnants of a moraine (unconsolidated glacial sediment deposited at an ice sheet margin; Oldale and O’Hara, 1984). The most recent glacial ice retreat in this region occurred between 25,000 and 20,000 years ago, and the subsequent rise in sea level that followed deglaciation caused differences in the seafloor character between Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound. The relatively rough seafloor of Vineyard Sound reflects widespread exposure of glacial material. Shoals mark the location of recessional ice contact material, and deep channels illustrate where meltwater drainage incised glacial deposits. Following ice retreat from the Elizabeth Islands, a glacial lake formed across the mouth of Buzzards Bay, when the lake drained, it scoured two deep channels at the southern end of the bay.

\n
\n

Sea level rise began to inundate Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay about 8,000 years ago and continues to modify the modern seafloor (Robb and Oldale, 1977). Fine-grained marine and estuarine sediments were deposited in the partially protected setting of Buzzards Bay. These deposits, up to 10 meters in thickness, buried the high-relief glacial landscape and created the generally smooth modern seafloor. In contrast, the Vineyard Sound of today experiences strong tidal currents, which largely prevent the deposition of fine-grained material and constantly rework the glacial sand and gravel within shoals. The seafloor of the sound largely reflects the contours of the ancient glaciated landscape that existed before sea level began to rise.

\n
\n

The bathymetric data used to create the hillshaded relief image of the seafloor were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management and supplemented with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration hydrographic survey data. The map shows the detailed bathymetry of Buzzards Bay and Vineyard Sound with depth soundings shown on a 5-meter-per-pixel grid. Depths are coded by color where the deepest areas are in blue and the shallowest areas are in orange. The aerial photography for the Elizabeth Islands and Massachusetts mainland were obtained from the Massachusetts Office of Geographic Information.

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\n

Data collected during this statewide cooperative project have been released in a series of USGS open-file reports. These publications and information regarding geologic mapping in Massachusetts can be obtained from the Coastal and Marine Geology Program’s Web site (http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/coastal_mass/).

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3286","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Andrews, B., Ackerman, S.D., and Twichell, D., 2014, Bathymetry of the waters surrounding the Elizabeth Islands, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3286, Map: 12.0 inches x 36.0 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3286.","productDescription":"Map: 12.0 inches x 36.0 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-051077","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3286.jpg"},{"id":286541,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3286/pdf/sim3286.pdf"},{"id":286543,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3286/"}],"scale":"72000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 19N","datum":"World Geodetic System 1984","country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Elizabeth Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.666667,41.333333 ], [ -70.666667,41.583333 ], [ -70.583333,41.583333 ], [ -70.583333,41.333333 ], [ -70.666667,41.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a244fe4b0d08644962727","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, Elizabeth A. ependleton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"Elizabeth A.","email":"ependleton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andrews, Brian D. bandrews@usgs.gov","contributorId":2132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Brian D.","email":"bandrews@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ackerman, Seth D. 0000-0003-0945-2794 sackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0945-2794","contributorId":178676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Seth","email":"sackerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Twichell, Dave","contributorId":23421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twichell","given":"Dave","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102825,"text":"70102825 - 2014 - Placing prairie pothole wetlands along spatial and temporal continua to improve integration of wetland function in ecological investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T10:50:54","indexId":"70102825","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Placing prairie pothole wetlands along spatial and temporal continua to improve integration of wetland function in ecological investigations","docAbstract":"We evaluated the efficacy of using chemical characteristics to rank wetland relation to surface and groundwater along a hydrologic continuum ranging from groundwater recharge to groundwater discharge. We used 27 years (1974–2002) of water chemistry data from 15 prairie pothole wetlands and known hydrologic connections of these wetlands to groundwater to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns in chemical characteristics that correspond to the unique ecosystem functions each wetland performed. Due to the mineral content and the low permeability rate of glacial till and soils, salinity of wetland waters increased along a continuum of wetland relation to groundwater recharge, flow-through or discharge. Mean inter-annual specific conductance (a proxy for salinity) increased along this continuum from wetlands that recharge groundwater being fresh to wetlands that receive groundwater discharge being the most saline, and wetlands that both recharge and discharge to groundwater (i.e., groundwater flow-through wetlands) being of intermediate salinity. The primary axis from a principal component analysis revealed that specific conductance (and major ions affecting conductance) explained 71% of the variation in wetland chemistry over the 27 years of this investigation. We found that long-term averages from this axis were useful to identify a wetland’s long-term relation to surface and groundwater. Yearly or seasonal measurements of specific conductance can be less definitive because of highly dynamic inter- and intra-annual climate cycles that affect water volumes and the interaction of groundwater and geologic materials, and thereby influence the chemical composition of wetland waters. The influence of wetland relation to surface and groundwater on water chemistry has application in many scientific disciplines and is especially needed to improve ecological understanding in wetland investigations. We suggest ways that monitoring in situ wetland conditions could be linked with evolving remote sensing technology to improve our ability to better inform decisions affecting wetland sustainability and provide periodic inventories of wetland ecosystem services to document temporal trends in wetland function and how they respond to contemporary land-use change.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.006","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N.H., Mushet, D.M., Newton, W.E., Otto, C., Nelson, R., LaBaugh, J.W., Scherff, E.J., and Rosenberry, D.O., 2014, Placing prairie pothole wetlands along spatial and temporal continua to improve integration of wetland function in ecological investigations: Journal of Hydrology, v. 513, p. 490-503, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.006.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"490","endPage":"503","ipdsId":"IP-052963","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286537,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.4814,46.6299 ], [ -99.4814,47.3272 ], [ -98.4387,47.3272 ], [ -98.4387,46.6299 ], [ -99.4814,46.6299 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"513","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a2450e4b0d0864496272b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Otto, Clint R.V.","contributorId":102794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"Clint R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Richard D.","contributorId":55338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scherff, Eric J. escherff@usgs.gov","contributorId":4390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherff","given":"Eric","email":"escherff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70099210,"text":"sir20145048 - 2014 - Sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin, 1966-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:35:15","indexId":"sir20145048","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T12:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5048","title":"Sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin, 1966-2013","docAbstract":"

San Antonio and surrounding municipalities in Bexar County, Texas, are in a rapidly urbanizing region in the San Antonio River Basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and the Texas Water Development Board, compiled historical sediment data collected between 1996 and 2004 and collected suspended-sediment and bedload samples over a range of hydrologic conditions in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Tex., and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin during 2011–13. In the suspended-sediment samples collected during 2011–13, an average of about 94 percent of the particles was less than 0.0625 millimeter (silt and clay sized particles); the 50 samples for which a complete sediment-size analysis was performed indicated that an average of about 69 percent of the particles was less than 0.002 millimeter. In the bedload samples collected during 2011–13, an average of 51 percent of sediment particles was sand-sized particles in the 0.25–0.5 millimeter-size range. In general, the loads calculated from the samples indicated that bedload typically composed less than 1 percent of the total sediment load. A least-squares log-linear regression was developed between suspended-sediment concentration and instantaneous streamflow and was used to estimate daily mean suspended-sediment loads based on daily mean streamflow. The daily mean suspended-sediment loads computed for each of the sites indicated that during 2011–12, the majority of the suspended-sediment loads originated upstream from the streamflow-gaging station on the San Antonio River near Elmendorf, Tex. A linear regression relation was developed between turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration data collected at the San Antonio River near Elmendorf site because the high-resolution data can facilitate understanding of the complex suspended-sediment dynamics over time and throughout the river basin.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Crow, C.L., Banta, J., and Opsahl, S.P., 2014, Sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin, 1966-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5048, Report: v, 33 p.; Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145048.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054254","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145048.jpg"},{"id":286528,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5048/downloads/sir2014-5048_app1-3.xlsx"},{"id":286527,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5048/pdf/sir2014-5048.pdf"},{"id":286523,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5048/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99,28.5 ], [ -99,29.66 ], [ -96.64,29.66 ], [ -96.64,28.5 ], [ -99,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a2450e4b0d0864496272f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":78863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170468,"text":"70170468 - 2014 - Field-scale sulfur hexafluoride tracer experiment to understand long distance gas transport in the deep unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:25:40","indexId":"70170468","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field-scale sulfur hexafluoride tracer experiment to understand long distance gas transport in the deep unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"

A gas-tracer test in a deep arid unsaturated zone demonstrates that standard estimates of effective diffusivity from sediment properties allow a reasonable first-cut assessment of gas contaminant transport. Apparent anomalies in historic transport behavior at this and other waste disposal sites may result from factors other than nonreactive gas transport properties.

\n

A natural gradient SF6 tracer experiment provided an unprecedented evaluation of long distance gas transport in the deep unsaturated zone (UZ) under controlled (known) conditions. The field-scale gas tracer test in the 110-m-thick UZ was conducted at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in southwestern Nevada. A history of anomalous (theoretically unexpected) contaminant gas transport observed at the ADRS, next to the first commercial low-level radioactive waste disposal facility in the United States, provided motivation for the SF6 tracer study. Tracer was injected into a deep UZ borehole at depths of 15 and 48 m, and plume migration was observed in a monitoring borehole 9 m away at various depths (0.5–109 m) over the course of 1 yr. Tracer results yielded useful information about gas transport as applicable to the spatial scales of interest for off-site contaminant transport in arid unsaturated zones. Modeling gas diffusion with standard empirical expressions reasonably explained SF6 plume migration, but tended to underpredict peak concentrations for the field-scale experiment given previously determined porosity information. Despite some discrepancies between observations and model results, rapid SF6 gas transport commensurate with previous contaminant migration was not observed. The results provide ancillary support for the concept that apparent anomalies in historic transport behavior at the ADRS are the result of factors other than nonreactive gas transport properties or processes currently in effect in the undisturbed UZ.

","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/vzj2014.04.0045","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Andraski, B.J., Green, C.T., Stonestrom, D.A., and Striegl, R.G., 2014, Field-scale sulfur hexafluoride tracer experiment to understand long distance gas transport in the deep unsaturated zone: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 13, no. 8, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2014.04.0045.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056435","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2014.04.0045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.2076416015625,\n 37.004746084814784\n ],\n [\n -117.20489501953125,\n 36.00911716117325\n ],\n [\n -115.99365234375,\n 36.00467348670187\n ],\n [\n -115.99639892578125,\n 36.758690821098426\n ],\n [\n -116.49627685546874,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -116.49902343749999,\n 37.00693943418586\n ],\n [\n -117.2076416015625,\n 37.004746084814784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b2ee4b071321fe31c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - 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Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - 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Shrub expansion is likely to increase winter habitat availability for ptarmigan, which in turn influence shrub architecture and growth through browsing. Despite their ecological role in the Arctic, the distribution and movement patterns of ptarmigan are not well known, particularly in northern Alaska where shrub expansion is occurring. We used multi-season occupancy models to test whether ptarmigan occupancy varied within and among years, and the degree to which colonization and extinction probabilities were related to shrub cover and latitude. Aerial surveys were conducted from March to May in 2011 and April to May 2012 in a 21,230 km2 area in northeastern Alaska. In areas with at least 30 % shrub cover, the probability of colonization by ptarmigan was >0.90, indicating that moderate to extensive patches of shrubs (typically associated with riparian areas) had a high probability of becoming occupied by ptarmigan. Occupancy increased throughout the spring in both years, providing evidence that ptarmigan migrated from southern wintering areas to breeding areas north of the Brooks Range. Occupancy was higher in the moderate snow year than the high snow year, and this was likely due to higher shrub cover in the moderate snow year. Ptarmigan distribution and migration in the Arctic are linked to expanding shrub communities on a wide geographic scale, and these relationships may be shaping ptarmigan population dynamics, as well as rates and patterns of shrub expansion.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Polar Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00300-014-1504-z","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., 2014, Spatio-temporal patterns of ptarmigan occupancy relative to shrub cover in the Arctic: Polar Biology, v. 37, no. 8, p. 1111-1120, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1504-z.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1111","endPage":"1120","ipdsId":"IP-051567","costCenters":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":294402,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1504-z"},{"id":294403,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00300-014-1504-z"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.44,51.21 ], [ 172.44,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.44,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-04-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5423dd26e4b037b608f9d479","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138814,"text":"70138814 - 2014 - Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, 1/1/2012 - 12/31/2012: Annual report 2002-032-00","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T14:57:24","indexId":"70138814","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, 1/1/2012 - 12/31/2012: Annual report 2002-032-00","docAbstract":"

Executive Summary

\n

a. Fish Population RM&E

\n

This annual report describes the data collected and analyses conducted during calendar years 2012-2013 by staff of project 20023200. The USGS contributed only to the predation research and reservoir invertebrate work described in this report and the presentation of their results is consistent with USGS policy guidelines. The USGS is not responsible for the content provided by other contributing authors. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

\n

The main goal of this project is to better understand juvenile Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history diversity and the factors that influence it. This is called for in RPA 55.4 “Investigate key characteristics of Snake River fall Chinook salmon early life history.” We 3 investigated the importance of estuary entry and rearing to various Snake River fall Chinook salmon life histories. Otoliths were used to examine differences in estuary use between subyearlings and yearlings, and to determine natal habitats, rearing habitats, and overwintering habitat for returning adults. Estuary growth was best explained by estuary residence time and natal location.

\n

b. Predation and Invasive Species Management RM&E

\n

We investigated the extent of smallmouth bass predation on juvenile fall Chinook salmon in Lower Granite Reservoir as called for in the Fish and Wildlife Program, “The federal action agencies should work cooperatively with NOAA Fisheries, states, tribes, and the Council to review, evaluate, develop, and implement strategies to reduce non-native piscivorous predation on salmon and steelhead, especially by smallmouth bass, channel catfish, and walleye” (Page 52). Smallmouth bass stomach contents were collected and analyzed for the presence of juvenile salmon. Smallmouth bass abundance was estimated with mark-recapture techniques, and salmon consumption by bass was expanded based on bass abundance to determine the annual loss of juvenile fall Chinook salmon for the study period and area. The estimated loss of juvenile fall Chinook salmon to predation in Lower Granite Reservoir exceeded 109,000 fish in 2012. This information could be used to adaptively formulate better hatchery release strategies to reduce the effects of predation. Obtaining better estimates of smallmouth bass abundance and distribution in future years would reduce the uncertainty of estimates. This study will be completed by 2017.

\n

We also examined the effects of various field temperature scenarios resulting from summer flow augmentation on juvenile fall Chinook salmon susceptibility to smallmouth bass predation in laboratory trials. Predation susceptibility of juvenile salmon acclimated at cool temperatures (10°C) was highest when exposed to predators at 24°C. These results indicate that predation susceptibility may be higher when a relatively large temperature difference exists between the Clearwater and Snake rivers; that is, when cool water flow augmentation occurs in summer.

\n

Finally, we examined the role of different invasive invertebrates in lower Snake River reservoir food webs that are food, or competitors for food, for juvenile fall Chinook salmon. The Siberian prawn, a relatively new invader, is relatively abundant but its role on the food web is largely unexplored. Prawns are successfully reproducing and their diet is 81% Neomysis (an invasive opossum shrimp) which is heavily used at times by juvenile salmon for food. Neomysis has become very abundant in lower Snake River reservoirs in recent years and may be a profitable food item for many fish species.

","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","collaboration":"Report covers work performed under Bonneville Power Administration contract #(s) 46273 REL 40, 56575, 56574, 56065 REL 2","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K.F., Connor, W.P., Bellgraph, B., and Chittaro, P.M., 2014, Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigations, 1/1/2012 - 12/31/2012: Annual report 2002-032-00, 146 p.","productDescription":"146 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056816","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320556,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320560,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/documentviewer.aspx?doc=P139225","text":"Report","size":"3.32 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Lower Clearwater River, Lower Granite Dam, Lower Granite Reservoir, Snake River, Snake River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.7569580078125,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -117.7569580078125,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -116.53198242187499,\n 46.76244305208004\n ],\n [\n -116.53198242187499,\n 45.251688256117646\n ],\n [\n -117.7569580078125,\n 45.251688256117646\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209138e4b071321fe65697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, Willam P.","contributorId":138843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"Willam","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":12543,"text":"U.S. FWS, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, Ahsahka, ID","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bellgraph, Brian J.","contributorId":138844,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellgraph","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chittaro, Paul M.","contributorId":168914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chittaro","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70158935,"text":"70158935 - 2014 - Disentangling the effects of climate and landscape change on bird population trends in the western U.S. and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-05T16:12:33.734285","indexId":"70158935","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-23T10:01:32","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":7504,"text":"Final Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Disentangling the effects of climate and landscape change on bird population trends in the western U.S. and Canada","docAbstract":"

Changes in climate are often assumed result in changes to species’ ranges, with potential impacts on natural system functioning and ecosystem services. ‘Climate envelope models’, which rely on correlations between climate and species distributions, have been used to predict the future of biodiversity under these assumptions. However, other factors including land-cover, dispersal ability and interspecific competition and facilitation may play an important role in driving species distributions and population trends either alone or in combination with climate. In an ongoing project, we used long-term data on bird distributions and abundance to develop climate envelope and land-use models for 161 species in order to provide a multi-species test of the degree to which climate envelope versus land-use models are useful in predicting species distributions and population trends of birds in forest ecosystems of the western U.S. and Canada. Our results suggest that models describing associations between climatic variables and abundance patterns can be used for some species to predict changes through time, and that changes in climate have already driven shifts in the geographic patterns of abundance of bird populations in western North America. For other species, models using land-use variables including raw remote-sensing variables may provide the best predictions for abundance change. The results of this research showing the reliability of models across multiple species will aid managers in understanding which species are most vulnerable to changes from climate, land-use change and their interaction.

","language":"English","publisher":"Northwest Climate Science Center","usgsCitation":"Betts, M.G., Shirley, S., and Hagar, J., 2014, Disentangling the effects of climate and landscape change on bird population trends in the western U.S. and Canada: Final Report, 20 p.","productDescription":"20 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053242","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":464809,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cascprojects.org/#/project/4f8c64d2e4b0546c0c397b46/5006f5d0e4b0abf7ce733fa9","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.52224868792644,\n 30.145956114275933\n ],\n [\n -101.43694449126431,\n 45.00371243962172\n ],\n [\n -100.36734134919118,\n 49.20562346875474\n ],\n [\n -91.53114143700088,\n 48.4771951716223\n ],\n [\n -90.86042755476569,\n 52.05288516127723\n ],\n [\n -98.01908676798593,\n 54.5708213309878\n ],\n [\n -97.74459898743484,\n 56.279434015227025\n ],\n [\n -135.52124935448506,\n 57.4706888294275\n ],\n [\n -133.21224214555465,\n 52.81460907877127\n ],\n [\n -127.06383095796434,\n 48.91679679540016\n ],\n [\n -125.13127111964917,\n 46.3328708216616\n ],\n [\n -124.9348729629847,\n 39.9696215148646\n ],\n [\n -122.152726658046,\n 36.00719764537918\n ],\n [\n -120.8133285778356,\n 33.80179118849948\n ],\n [\n -117.23772499123346,\n 32.65532716686185\n ],\n [\n -114.6067792654694,\n 32.752154589062\n ],\n [\n -111.3461895355633,\n 31.083759684300837\n ],\n [\n -106.38723615445751,\n 31.58796084886112\n ],\n [\n -104.52224868792644,\n 30.145956114275933\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":12,"text":"Tacoma PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Betts, Matthew G.","contributorId":27748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betts","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":576950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shirley, Susan","contributorId":149118,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17648,"text":"Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":576951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hagar, Joan 0000-0002-3044-6607 joan_hagar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3044-6607","contributorId":3369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagar","given":"Joan","email":"joan_hagar@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":576949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102454,"text":"70102454 - 2014 - Use of DNA from bite marks can determine species and individual animals that attack humans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:13:22","indexId":"70102454","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T13:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of DNA from bite marks can determine species and individual animals that attack humans","docAbstract":"During the summer of 2008, 6 documented attacks and close encounters with brown bears (Ursus arctos) occurred in the greater Anchorage, Alaska (USA) area. We discuss findings from 2 incidents in which people were mauled within 2 km of each other over a 6-week period and in which it was assumed that a single animal was responsible. To ensure public safety, authorities killed a brown bear implicated in the attacks by circumstantial evidence, though it was not known a priori that the animal was responsible. We extracted DNA from hairs and bite sites on the clothing of both victims and determined species and individual identity of the animal(s) involved in both incidents. Genetic data indicated the brown bear killed by authorities was responsible for one of the maulings, but not both. This research demonstrates that DNA-based techniques, with appropriate sampling, can provide unambiguous identification of animals involved in attacks, as well as provide reasonable justification for excluding others. Because DNA-based techniques can unequivocally identify individual bears carrying out attacks, they should be considered a standard method employed in wildlife attack investigations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/wsb.391","usgsCitation":"Farley, S., Talbot, S.L., Sage, G.K., Sinnott, R., and Coltrane, J., 2014, Use of DNA from bite marks can determine species and individual animals that attack humans: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 38, no. 2, p. 370-376, https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.391.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-028679","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473041,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.391","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93U3A9J","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Bayesian Hierarchical Model of Whimbrel Survival"},{"id":286519,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286515,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.391"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Anchorage","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -149.830375,61.137308 ], [ -149.830375,61.1808 ], [ -149.714555,61.1808 ], [ -149.714555,61.137308 ], [ -149.830375,61.137308 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5357815ae4b0938066bc81a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Farley, Sean","contributorId":83415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farley","given":"Sean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sage, George K. 0000-0003-1431-2286 ksage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-2286","contributorId":87833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"George","email":"ksage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sinnott, Rick","contributorId":81413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sinnott","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Coltrane, Jessica","contributorId":108028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coltrane","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70102440,"text":"70102440 - 2014 - Controls on sediment production in two U.S. deserts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T13:07:37","indexId":"70102440","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T13:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":666,"text":"Aeolian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Controls on sediment production in two U.S. deserts","docAbstract":"Much of the world’s airborne sediment originates from dryland regions. Soil surface disturbances in these regions are ever-increasing due to human activities such as energy and mineral exploration and development, recreation, suburbanization, livestock grazing and cropping. Sediment production can have significant impacts to human health with particles potentially carrying viruses such as Valley Fever or causing asthma or other respiratory diseases. Dust storms can cause decreased visibility at the ground level, resulting in highway accidents, and reduced visual quality in park and wildland airsheds. Sediment production and deposition is also detrimental to ecosystem health, as production reduces soil fertility at its source and can bury plants and other organisms where it is deposited. Therefore, it is important to understand how we can predict what areas are prone to producing sediment emissions both before and after soil surface disturbance. We visited 87 sites in two deserts of the western U.S. that represented a range of soil texture and surface cover types. We used a portable wind tunnel to estimate the threshold friction velocity (TFV) required to initiate sediment transport and the amount of sediment produced by the tunnel at a set wind speed. Wind tunnel runs were done before and after soil surface disturbance with a four-wheel drive vehicle. Results show that most undisturbed desert soils are very stable, especially if covered by rocks or well-developed biological soil crusts, which make them virtually wind-erosion proof. Particles at disturbed sites, in contrast, moved at relatively low wind speeds and produced high amounts of sediment. Silt was an important predictor of TFV and sediment production across all sites, whereas the influence of rock cover and biological soil crusts was site-dependent. Understanding the vulnerability of a site after disturbance is important information for land managers as they plan land use activities and attempt to mitigate the harmful effects that sediment production can have on both human and ecosystem health.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aeolian Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.03.007","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., Walker, B.J., Munson, S.M., and Gill, R.A., 2014, Controls on sediment production in two U.S. deserts: Aeolian Research, v. 14, p. 15-24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.03.007.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"24","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-055299","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286510,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeolia.2014.03.007"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.72,32.36 ], [ -120.72,41.28 ], [ -105.25,41.28 ], [ -105.25,32.36 ], [ -120.72,32.36 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578153e4b0938066bc817b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, Beau J.","contributorId":25081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Beau","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munson, Seth M. 0000-0002-2736-6374 smunson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374","contributorId":1334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"Seth","email":"smunson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gill, Richard A.","contributorId":85508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102441,"text":"70102441 - 2014 - HiRISE observations of Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) during southern summer on Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-01T15:21:16","indexId":"70102441","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T13:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"HiRISE observations of Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) during southern summer on Mars","docAbstract":"Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) are active features on Mars that might require flowing water. Most examples observed through 2011 formed on steep, equator-facing slopes in the southern mid-latitudes. They form and grow during warm seasons and fade and often completely disappear during colder seasons, but recur over multiple Mars years. They are recognizable by their incremental growth, relatively low albedo and downhill orientation. We examined all images acquired by HiRISE during Ls 250–10° (slightly longer than southern summer, Ls 270–360°) of Mars years 30–31 (03/2011–10/2011), and supplemented our results with data from previous studies to better understand the geologic context and characteristics of RSL. We also confirmed candidate and likely sites from previous studies and discovered new RSL sites. We report 13 confirmed RSL sites, including the 7 in McEwen et al. (McEwen et al. [2011]. Science 333(6043), 740–743]. The observed seasonality, latitudinal and slope orientation preferences, and THEMIS bright- ness temperatures indicate that RSL require warm temperatures to form. We conclude that RSL are a unique phenomenon on Mars, clearly distinct from other slope processes that occur at high latitudes associated with seasonal CO2 frost, and episodic mass wasting on equatorial slopes. However, only 41% (82 out of 200) of the sites that present apparently suitable conditions for RSL formation (steep, equator-facing rocky slopes with bedrock exposure) in the southern mid-latitudes (28–60°S) contain any candidate RSL, with confirmed RSL present only in 7% (13 sites) of those locations. Significant variability in abundance, size and exact location of RSL is also observed at most sites, indicating additional controls such as availability of water or salts that might be playing a crucial role.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.021","usgsCitation":"Ojha, L., McEwen, A., Dundas, C.M., Byrne, S., Mattson, S., Wray, J., Masse, M., and Schaefer, E., 2014, HiRISE observations of Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) during southern summer on Mars: Icarus, v. 231, p. 365-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.021.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"365","endPage":"376","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-045916","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286517,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.021"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"231","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578155e4b0938066bc818b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ojha, Lujendra","contributorId":64933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ojha","given":"Lujendra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McEwen, Alfred","contributorId":59723,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492996,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Byrne, Shane","contributorId":53513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Byrne","given":"Shane","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mattson, Sarah","contributorId":102391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mattson","given":"Sarah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wray, James","contributorId":14735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Masse, Marion","contributorId":42138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masse","given":"Marion","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schaefer, Ethan","contributorId":94599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaefer","given":"Ethan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70101708,"text":"fs20143038 - 2014 - Estimating suspended sediment in rivers using acoustic Doppler meters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T13:20:22","indexId":"fs20143038","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T13:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3038","title":"Estimating suspended sediment in rivers using acoustic Doppler meters","docAbstract":"Key Points
\n- The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2009) estimates that excessive sediment is the leading cause of water-quality impairment in water bodies in the United States. The cost of damages attributable to sediment is high, estimated at more than $20 billion annually (Osterkamp and others, 2004).
\n- Sediment monitoring is essential to informed solutions to sediment-related issues. However, sediment monitoring by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has decreased considerably over the past quarter century.
\n- New techniques that make use of acoustic backscatter have shown great potential for accurately and cost-effectively estimating suspended-sediment concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143038","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Interagency Sedimentation Project","usgsCitation":"Wood, M.S., 2014, Estimating suspended sediment in rivers using acoustic Doppler meters: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3038, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143038.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-040481","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286513,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143038.GIF"},{"id":286511,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3038"},{"id":286512,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3038/pdf/fs2014-3038.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578154e4b0938066bc8183","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Molly S. 0000-0002-5184-8306 mswood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5184-8306","contributorId":788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Molly","email":"mswood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70102646,"text":"70102646 - 2014 - Simulation-optimization aids in resolving water conflict: Temecula Basin, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-03T12:46:45","indexId":"70102646","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T12:39:09","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Simulation-optimization aids in resolving water conflict: Temecula Basin, Southern California","docAbstract":"

The productive agricultural areas of Pajaro Valley, California have exclusively relied on ground water from coastal aquifers in central Monterey Bay. As part of the Basin Management Plan (BMP), the Pajaro Valley Water Management Agency (PVWMA) is developing additional local supplies to replace coastal pumpage, which is causing seawater intrusion. The BMP includes an aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) system, which captures and stores local winter runoff, and supplies it to growers later in the growing season in lieu of ground-water pumpage. A Coastal Distribution System (CDS) distributes water from the ASR and other supplemental sources. A detailed model of the Pajaro Valley is being used to simulate the coupled supply and demand components of irrigated agriculture from 1963 to 2006. Recent upgrades to the Farm Process in MODFLOW (MF2K-FMP) allow simulating the effects of ASR deliveries and reduced pumping for farms in subregions connected to the CDS. The BMP includes a hierarchy of monthly supply alternatives, including a recovery well field around the ASR system, a supplemental wellfield, and onsite farm supply wells. The hierarchy of delivery requirements is used by MF2K-FMP to estimate the effects of these deliveries on coastal ground-water pumpage and recovery of water levels. This integrated approach can be used to assess the effectiveness of the BMP under variable climatic conditions, and to test the impacts of more complete subscription by coastal farmers to the CDS deliveries. The model will help managers assess the effects of new BMP components to further reduce pumpage and seawater intrusion.

","largerWorkTitle":"Modflow and more 2008: Ground water and public policy","conferenceTitle":"Modflow and more 2008: Ground water and public policy","conferenceDate":"2008-05-18T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Golden, CO","language":"English","publisher":"International Groundwater Modeling Center","publisherLocation":"Golden, CO","usgsCitation":"Hanson, R.T., Faunt, C., Schmid, W., and Lear, J., 2014, Simulation-optimization aids in resolving water conflict: Temecula Basin, Southern California.","ipdsId":"IP-003918","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289429,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Temecula","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.190267,33.447929 ], [ -117.190267,33.554813 ], [ -117.054222,33.554813 ], [ -117.054222,33.447929 ], [ -117.190267,33.447929 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b67b83e4b014fc094d5475","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanson, Randall T. 0000-0002-9819-7141 rthanson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9819-7141","contributorId":801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Randall","email":"rthanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":493014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmid, Wolfgang","contributorId":84020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schmid","given":"Wolfgang","affiliations":[{"id":13040,"text":"Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lear, Jonathan","contributorId":72303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lear","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102385,"text":"70102385 - 2014 - Climate controls the distribution of a widespread invasive species: Implications for future range expansion","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-22T15:33:45","indexId":"70102385","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T11:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate controls the distribution of a widespread invasive species: Implications for future range expansion","docAbstract":"

1. Two dominant drivers of species distributions are climate and habitat, both of which are changing rapidly. Understanding the relative importance of variables that can control distributions is critical, especially for invasive species that may spread rapidly and have strong effects on ecosystems.
2. Here, we examine the relative importance of climate and habitat variables in controlling the distribution of the widespread invasive freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea, and we model its future distribution under a suite of climate scenarios using logistic regression and maximum entropy modelling (MaxEnt).
3. Logistic regression identified climate variables as more important than habitat variables in controlling Corbicula distribution. MaxEnt modelling predicted Corbicula's range expansion westward and northward to occupy half of the contiguous United States. By 2080, Corbicula's potential range will expand 25–32%, with more than half of the continental United States being climatically suitable.
4. Our combination of multiple approaches has revealed the importance of climate over habitat in controlling Corbicula's distribution and validates the climate-only MaxEnt model, which can readily examine the consequences of future climate projections.
5. Given the strong influence of climate variables on Corbicula's distribution, as well as Corbicula's ability to disperse quickly and over long distances, Corbicula is poised to expand into New England and the northern Midwest of the United States. Thus, the direct effects of climate change will probably be compounded by the addition of Corbicula and its own influences on ecosystem function.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fwb.12308","usgsCitation":"McDowell, W., Benson, A., and Byers, J., 2014, Climate controls the distribution of a widespread invasive species: Implications for future range expansion: Freshwater Biology, v. 59, no. 4, p. 847-857, https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12308.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"847","endPage":"857","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046212","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286508,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12308"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578152e4b0938066bc8177","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDowell, W.G.","contributorId":84666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"W.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benson, A.J.","contributorId":60816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Byers, J.E.","contributorId":70290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byers","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102305,"text":"70102305 - 2014 - Analysis and simulation of propagule dispersal and salinity intrusion from storm surge on the movement of a marsh–mangrove ecotone in South Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T13:33:21","indexId":"70102305","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis and simulation of propagule dispersal and salinity intrusion from storm surge on the movement of a marsh–mangrove ecotone in South Florida","docAbstract":"Coastal mangrove–freshwater marsh ecotones of the Everglades represent transitions between marine salt-tolerant halophytic and freshwater salt-intolerant glycophytic communities. It is hypothesized here that a self-reinforcing feedback, termed a “vegetation switch,” between vegetation and soil salinity, helps maintain the sharp mangrove–marsh ecotone. A general theoretical implication of the switch mechanism is that the ecotone will be stable to small disturbances but vulnerable to rapid regime shifts from large disturbances, such as storm surges, which could cause large spatial displacements of the ecotone. We develop a simulation model to describe the vegetation switch mechanism. The model couples vegetation dynamics and hydrologic processes. The key factors in the model are the amount of salt-water intrusion into the freshwater wetland and the passive transport of mangrove (e.g., Rhizophora mangle) viviparous seeds or propagules. Results from the model simulations indicate that a regime shift from freshwater marsh to mangroves is sensitive to the duration of soil salinization through storm surge overwash and to the density of mangrove propagules or seedlings transported into the marsh. We parameterized our model with empirical hydrologic data collected from the period 2000–2010 at one mangrove–marsh ecotone location in southwestern Florida to forecast possible long-term effects of Hurricane Wilma (24 October 2005). The model indicated that the effects of that storm surge were too weak to trigger a regime shift at the sites we studied, 50 km south of the Hurricane Wilma eyewall, but simulations with more severe artificial disturbances were capable of causing substantial regime shifts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-013-9666-4","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., DeAngelis, D., Anderson, G.H., and Smith, T.J., 2014, Analysis and simulation of propagule dispersal and salinity intrusion from storm surge on the movement of a marsh–mangrove ecotone in South Florida: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 37, no. 1, p. 24-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9666-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-041564","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286506,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9666-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Harney River","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578150e4b0938066bc816f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":46838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Gordon H. 0000-0003-1675-8329 gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-8329","contributorId":2771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gordon","email":"gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102391,"text":"70102391 - 2014 - Effect of light on biodegradation of Estrone, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethinylestradiol in stream sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:48:18","indexId":"70102391","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T11:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of light on biodegradation of Estrone, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethinylestradiol in stream sediment","docAbstract":"Biodegradation of [A-ring 14C] Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) to 14CO2 was investigated under light and dark conditions in microcosms containing epilithon or sediment collected from Boulder Creek, Colorado. Mineralization of the estrogen A-ring was observed in all sediment treatments, but not epilithon treatments. No difference in net mineralization between light and dark treatments was observed for 14C-E2. Net mineralization of 14C-E1 and 14C-EE2 was enhanced in light treatments. Extents of 14CO2 accumulation and rates of mineralization were significantly greater for E2 than E1 under dark conditions, but were comparable under light conditions. These results indicate substantial differences in the uptake and metabolism of E1 and E2 in the environment and suggest biorecalcitrance of E1 relative to E2 in light-limited environments. The extent of 14CO2 accumulation and rate of mineralization for EE2 in dark treatments were less than half of that observed for E2 and generally lower than for E1, consistent with previous reports of EE2 biorecalcitrance. However, 14CO2 accumulation and rates of mineralization were comparable for EE2, E2, and E1 under light conditions. These results indicate photoactivation and/or phototransformation/photodegradation processes can substantially enhance heterotrophic biodegradation of estrogens in sunlit environments and may play an important role in estrogen transport and attenuation.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12157","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., and Writer, J.H., 2014, Effect of light on biodegradation of Estrone, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethinylestradiol in stream sediment: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 2, p. 334-342, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12157.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-045604","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286499,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12157"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Boulder","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.4775,39.9293 ], [ -105.4775,40.2 ], [ -104.9791,40.2 ], [ -104.9791,39.9293 ], [ -105.4775,39.9293 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578153e4b0938066bc817f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70102303,"text":"70102303 - 2014 - Invasion of Asian tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, in the western north Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-21T17:37:28.114591","indexId":"70102303","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T11:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":868,"text":"Aquatic Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasion of Asian tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, in the western north Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"After going unreported in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean for 18 years (1988 to 2006), the Asian tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, has recently reappeared in the South Atlantic Bight and, for the first time ever, in the Gulf of Mexico. Potential vectors and sources of this recent invader include: 1) discharged ballast water from its native range in Asia or other areas where it has become established; 2) transport of larvae from established non-native populations in the Caribbean or South America via ocean currents; or 3) escape and subsequent migration from active aquaculture facilities in the western Atlantic. This paper documents recent collections of P. monodon from the South Atlantic Bight and the Gulf of Mexico, reporting demographic and preliminary phylogenetic information for specimens collected between North Carolina and Texas from 2006 through 2012. The increased number of reports in 2011 and 2012, ranging from 102 mm to 298 mm total length, indicates that an adult population is present in densities sufficient for breeding, which is indicative of incipient establishment. Based on these reports of P. monodon, its successful invasion elsewhere, and its life history, we believe that this species will become common in the South Atlantic Bight and Gulf of Mexico in less than 10 years. Penaeus monodon is an aggressive predator in its native range and, if established, may prey on native shrimps, crabs, and bivalves. The impacts of an established P. monodon population are potentially widespread (e.g., alterations in local commercial fisheries, direct and indirect pressures on native shrimp, crab and bivalve populations, and subsequent impacts on the populations of other predators of those organisms) and should be considered by resource managers. The impacts of P. monodon on native fauna and the source(s) or vector(s) of the invasion, however, remain unknown at this time.","language":"English","publisher":"Regional Euro-Asian Biological Invasions Centre","doi":"10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.05","usgsCitation":"Fuller, P., Knott, D.M., Kingsley-Smith, P.R., Morris, J., Buckel, C.A., Hunter, M., and Hartman, L.D., 2014, Invasion of Asian tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798, in the western north Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico: Aquatic Invasions, v. 9, no. 1, p. 59-70, https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.05.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"59","endPage":"70","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-048841","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2014.9.1.05","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean;Gulf Of Mexico;South Atlantic Bight","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.05,16.38 ], [ -99.05,38.03 ], [ -63.54,38.03 ], [ -63.54,16.38 ], [ -99.05,16.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578155e4b0938066bc818f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuller, Pam L. 0000-0002-9389-9144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9389-9144","contributorId":91226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Pam L.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knott, David M.","contributorId":30145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kingsley-Smith, Peter R.","contributorId":99895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsley-Smith","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morris, James A.","contributorId":52084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buckel, Christine A.","contributorId":94218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckel","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hunter, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4760-9302 mhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":4888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret E.","email":"mhunter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hartman, Leslie D.","contributorId":58944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartman","given":"Leslie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70102392,"text":"70102392 - 2014 - Modeling effects of conservation grassland losses on amphibian habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:17:44","indexId":"70102392","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T10:52:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling effects of conservation grassland losses on amphibian habitat","docAbstract":"Amphibians provide many ecosystem services valued by society. However, populations have declined globally with most declines linked to habitat change. Wetlands and surrounding terrestrial grasslands form habitat for amphibians in the North American Prairie Pothole Region (PPR). Wetland drainage and grassland conversion have destroyed or degraded much amphibian habitat in the PPR. However, conservation grasslands can provide alternate habitat. In the United States, the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is the largest program maintaining grasslands on agricultural lands. We used an ecosystem services model (InVEST) parameterized for the PPR to quantify amphibian habitat over a six-year period (2007–2012). We then quantified changes in availability of amphibian habitat under various land-cover scenarios representing incremental losses (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of CRP grasslands from 2012 levels. The area of optimal amphibian habitat in the four PPR ecoregions modeled (i.e., Northern Glaciated Plains, Northwestern Glaciated Plains, Lake Agassiz Plain, Des Moines Lobe) declined by approximately 22%, from 3.8 million ha in 2007 to 2.9 million ha in 2012. These losses were driven by the conversion of CRP grasslands to croplands, primarily for corn and soybean production. Our modeling identified an additional 0.8 million ha (26%) of optimal amphibian habitat that would be lost if remaining CRP lands are returned to crop production. An economic climate favoring commodity production over conservation has resulted in substantial losses of amphibian habitat across the PPR that will likely continue into the future. Other regions of the world face similar challenges to maintaining amphibian habitats.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Conservation","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.biocon.2014.04.001","usgsCitation":"Mushet, D.M., Neau, J.L., and Euliss, N.H., 2014, Modeling effects of conservation grassland losses on amphibian habitat: Biological Conservation, v. 174, p. 93-100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.04.001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"93","endPage":"100","ipdsId":"IP-045380","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286500,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.04.001"},{"id":286503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.84,41.48 ], [ -103.84,49.01 ], [ -93.12,49.01 ], [ -93.12,41.48 ], [ -103.84,41.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578155e4b0938066bc8193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neau, Jordan L. jneau@usgs.gov","contributorId":4737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neau","given":"Jordan","email":"jneau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":492987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102388,"text":"70102388 - 2014 - Assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals attenuation in a coastal plain stream prior to wastewater treatment plant closure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:47:35","indexId":"70102388","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T10:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals attenuation in a coastal plain stream prior to wastewater treatment plant closure","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a combined pre/post-closure assessment at a long-term wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) site at Fort Gordon near Augusta, Georgia. Here, we assess select endocrine-active chemicals and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure prior to closure of the WWTP. Substantial downstream transport and limited instream attenuation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) was observed in Spirit Creek over a 2.2-km stream segment downstream of the WWTP outfall. A modest decline (less than 20% in all cases) in surface water detections was observed with increasing distance downstream of the WWTP and attributed to partitioning to the sediment. Estrogens detected in surface water in this study included estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3). The 5 ng/l and higher mean estrogen concentrations observed in downstream locations indicated that the potential for endocrine disruption was substantial. Concentrations of alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE) metabolite EDCs also remained statistically elevated above levels observed at the upstream control site. Wastewater-derived pharmaceutical and APE metabolites were detected in the outflow of Spirit Lake, indicating the potential for EDC transport to aquatic ecosystems downstream of Fort Gordon. The results indicate substantial EDC occurrence, downstream transport, and persistence under continuous supply conditions and provide a baseline for a rare evaluation of ecosystem response to WWTP closure.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12165","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., and Journey, C.A., 2014, Assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals attenuation in a coastal plain stream prior to wastewater treatment plant closure: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 2, p. 388-400, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12165.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-052310","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286490,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12165"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Augusta","otherGeospatial":"Fort Gordon;Spirit Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.400191,33.248398 ], [ -82.400191,33.501428 ], [ -81.997937,33.501428 ], [ -81.997937,33.248398 ], [ -82.400191,33.248398 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578152e4b0938066bc8173","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70059991,"text":"sir20145001 - 2014 - Status of groundwater quality in the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, 2008-2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T10:32:46","indexId":"sir20145001","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T10:26:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5001","title":"Status of groundwater quality in the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, 2008-2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"

Groundwater quality in the approximately 963-square-mile Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit was investigated as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The study unit is located in southern California in San Bernardino, Riverside, San Diego, and Imperial Counties. The GAMA Priority Basin Project is being conducted by the California State Water Resources Control Board in collaboration with the U.S. Geological Survey and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

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The GAMA Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of untreated (raw) groundwater in the primary aquifer system. The assessment is based on water-quality and ancillary data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey from 52 wells (49 grid wells and 3 understanding wells) and on water-quality data from the California Department of Public Health database. The primary aquifer system was defined by the depth intervals of the wells listed in the California Department of Public Health database for the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit. The quality of groundwater in the primary aquifer system may be different from that in the shallower or deeper water-bearing zones; shallow groundwater may be more vulnerable to surficial contamination.

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This study assesses the status of the current quality of the groundwater resource by using data from samples analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides, and naturally occurring inorganic constituents, such as major ions and trace elements. This status assessment is intended to characterize the quality of groundwater resources in the primary aquifer system of the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, not the treated drinking water delivered to consumers by water purveyors.

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Relative-concentrations (sample concentration divided by the health- or aesthetic-based benchmark concentration) were used for evaluating groundwater quality for those constituents that have Federal or California regulatory or non-regulatory benchmarks for drinking-water quality. A relative-concentration greater than 1.0 indicates a concentration greater than a benchmark, and a relative-concentration less than or equal to 1.0 indicates a concentration equal to or less than a benchmark. Relative-concentrations of organic constituents and special-interest constituents [perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)] were classified as high (relative-concentration greater than 1.0), moderate (relative-concentration greater than 0.1 and less than or equal to 1.0), or low (relative-concentration less than or equal to 0.1). Relative-concentrations of inorganic constituents were classified as high (relative-concentration greater than 1.0), moderate (relative-concentration greater than 0.5 and less than or equal to 1.0), or low (relative-concentration less than or equal to 0.5).

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Aquifer-scale proportion was used as the primary metric in the status assessment for evaluating regional-scale groundwater quality. High aquifer-scale proportion is defined as the percentage of the area of the primary aquifer system with a high relative-concentration for a particular constituent or class of constituents; this percentage is based on an areal rather than a volumetric basis. Moderate and low aquifer-scale proportions were defined as the percentages of the primary aquifer system with moderate and low relative-concentrations, respectively, of a constituent or class of constituents. Two statistical approaches—grid-based and spatially weighted—were used to evaluate aquifer-scale proportions for individual constituents and classes of constituents. Grid-based and spatially weighted estimates were comparable to each other (within 90-percent confidence intervals) in the study unit.

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Inorganic constituents (one or more) with health-based benchmarks were detected at high relative-concentrations in 48 percent of the primary aquifer system and at moderate relative-concentrations in 26 percent of the primary aquifer system. The high aquifer-scale proportion of inorganic constituents primarily reflected high aquifer-scale proportions of fluoride (27 percent), arsenic (18 percent), molybdenum (16 percent), boron (10 percent), uranium (5.6 percent), gross alpha radioactivity (9.7 percent), and nitrate (2.7 percent). The inorganic constituents with secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCLs) were detected at high relative-concentrations in 13 percent of the primary aquifer system and at moderate relative-concentrations in 39 percent. The high aquifer-scale proportion for SMCL constituents reflected high aquifer-scale proportions of total dissolved solids (TDS, 11 percent), manganese (2.8 percent), and chloride (2.8 percent).

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Organic constituents were not detected at high relative-concentrations in the primary aquifer system, and were present at moderate relative-concentrations in 5.0 percent, and at low relative-concentrations or were not detected in 95 percent of the primary aquifer system. Of the 148 organic constituents analyzed, 12 constituents were detected. Two organic constituents, chloroform and tetrachloroethene (PCE), were detected in more than 10 percent of samples, but were detected mostly at low relative-concentrations.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145001","collaboration":"A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Parsons, M.C., Hancock, T.C., Kulongoski, J., and Belitz, K., 2014, Status of groundwater quality in the Borrego Valley, Central Desert, and Low-Use Basins of the Mojave and Sonoran Deserts study unit, 2008-2010: California GAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5001, viii, 88 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145001.","productDescription":"viii, 88 p.","numberOfPages":"100","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027935","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286497,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145001.jpg"},{"id":286487,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5001/"},{"id":286495,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5001/pdf/sir2014-5001.pdf"},{"id":286496,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3001/"}],"projection":"Albers Equal Area Conic Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Imperial County;Riverside County;San Bernardino County;San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"Borrego Valley;Mojave Desert;Sonoran Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.82,32.24 ], [ -124.82,42.12 ], [ -113.99,42.12 ], [ -113.99,32.24 ], [ -124.82,32.24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578159e4b0938066bc819f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Mary C. mparsons@usgs.gov","contributorId":1571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Mary","email":"mparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hancock, Tracy Connell","contributorId":62295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hancock","given":"Tracy","email":"","middleInitial":"Connell","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kulongoski, Justin T. 0000-0002-3498-4154","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3498-4154","contributorId":94750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulongoski","given":"Justin T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}