{"pageNumber":"1390","pageRowStart":"34725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40884,"records":[{"id":85617,"text":"85617 - 1992 - Water quality changes and their relation to fishery resources in the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:07","indexId":"85617","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Water quality changes and their relation to fishery resources in the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"Despite a long history of human manipulation, the most dramatic changes in the upper Mississippi River occurred in the 1930s with construction of a lock and dam system to facilitate the commercial transport of commodities. In 1988, barge traffic through the system ranged from 7,500 tows per year at Lock and Dam 26 (near Alton, Illinois) to 1, 118 at Lock and Dam 1 (in Minneapolis/St. Paul). The tow-teed dam system created a diversity of lentic habitats, but it also changed the stage and sediment transport characteristics of the river. The principal fishery-related water quality issues of this modified system concern the effects of sediments and toxic contaminants from nonpoint sources. Between 42 and 99% of the streams in the five states of the Mississippi River basin fail to fully support their designated uses because of pollution. primarily from nonpoint sources (e.g., 73% in Minnesota, 98% in Wisconsin, 75% in Illinois). Annual sediment inputs into the upper Mississippi River basin range from minimal in the upper reaches to about 210.000 kg/hectare in the lower reaches. This sediment results in significant losses of fishery habitat. Although bnly 5 to 9% of the total open water area of many pools had been lost by 1975, those losses were in highly productive side channel and backwater areas. Under existing conditions, a loss of an additional 22 to 49% of existing lentic habitats is predicted within 50 years. In addition, toxic contaminants transported along with fine sediments have become more available to stream biota. Although significant interagency efforts have been made to evaluate the impacts on biotic communities of the river. present data are inadequate to determine how changes in water quality affect the fisheries. This lack of data undermines our ability to judge the success of programs initiated to control pollution from point and nonpoint sources.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water quality in North American river systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Battelle Press","publisherLocation":"Columbus, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Holland Bartels, L.E., 1992, Water quality changes and their relation to fishery resources in the upper Mississippi River, chap. <i>of</i> Water quality in North American river systems, 159-180.","productDescription":"159-180","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128623,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9b47","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Becker, C.D.","contributorId":19773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504575,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neitzel, D.A.","contributorId":100905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neitzel","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":504576,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Holland Bartels, L. E.","contributorId":71505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland Bartels","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":296129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180936,"text":"70180936 - 1991 - Change-in-ratio estimators for populations with more than two subclasses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T15:18:55","indexId":"70180936","displayToPublicDate":"2017-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1039,"text":"Biometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Change-in-ratio estimators for populations with more than two subclasses","docAbstract":"<p>Change-in-ratio methods have been developed to estimate the size of populations with two or three population subclasses. Most of these methods require the often unreasonable assumption of equal sampling probabilities for individuals in all subclasses. This paper presents new models based on the weaker assumption that ratios of sampling probabilities are constant over time for populations with three or more subclasses. Estimation under these models requires that a value be assumed for one of these ratios when there are two samples. Explicit expressions are given for the maximum likelihood estimators under models for two samples with three or more subclasses and for three samples with two subclasses. A numerical method using readily available statistical software is described for obtaining the estimators and their standard errors under all of the models. Likelihood ratio tests that can be used in model selection are discussed. Emphasis is on the two-sample, three-subclass models for which Monte-Carlo simulation results and an illustrative example are presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/2532404","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., and Pollock, K.H., 1991, Change-in-ratio estimators for populations with more than two subclasses: Biometrics, v. 47, no. 4, p. 1531-1546, https://doi.org/10.2307/2532404.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1531","endPage":"1546","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335067,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"47","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"589c3c50e4b0efcedb74111b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":662909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179028,"text":"70179028 - 1991 - Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the Bountiful area, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T14:57:35","indexId":"70179028","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"95","title":"Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the Bountiful area, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water resources in the Bountiful area, Utah, were studied to document changes in ground-water conditions and to simulate the effects of increased ground-water withdrawals and changes in recharge. The aquifer system is in basin-fill deposits and is primarily a confined system with unconfined parts along the mountain front.</p><p>Recharge to the aquifer system was estimated to range from about 22,000 to 32,000 acre-feet per year during 1947-85.&nbsp; Discharge was estimated to range from 26,000 to 30,000 acre-feet per year during 1947-85.</p><p>Long-term trends of ground-water levels indicate a steady decline at most observation wells from 1952 to 1962. Importation of surface water for irrigation in 1962 resulted in decreased ground-water withdrawals, causing water levels to rise. Water levels fluctuated from 1962 to 1985, depending on changes in withdrawals and precipitation.</p><p>A computer model of the aquifer system was constructed and calibrated using water-level data from 1946 and changes in ground-water withdrawals from 1947-86. Simulations of aquifer responses to projected withdrawals were based on a 50-percent increase in the 1981-85 rate of municipal and industrial withdrawals for 20 years using both average and less-than-average recharge rates. The simulations indicated water-level declines between 5 and 50 feet; a decrease in natural discharge to drains, by evapotranspiration, and to Great Salt Lake; and a decrease of ground water in storage after 20 years between 25,000 acre-feet using the average recharge rate, and 70,000 acre-feet using the less-than-average recharge rate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.W., 1991, Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the Bountiful area, Utah: Technical Publication 95, vi, 56 p.","productDescription":"vi, 56 p.","numberOfPages":"64","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332065,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332063,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-380"},{"id":332064,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/y920/y9200003.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Bountiful Area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.68896903762434\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6595458984375,\n              41.0130657870063\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6595458984375,\n              40.68896903762434\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.12646484375,\n              40.68896903762434\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bde4b08138bf1abd64","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Clark, David W.","contributorId":77146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655822,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Clark, David W.","contributorId":77146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179036,"text":"70179036 - 1991 - Hydrology of Heber and Round Valleys, Wasatch County, Utah, with emphasis on simulation of ground-water flow in Heber Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T17:40:38","indexId":"70179036","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"101","title":"Hydrology of Heber and Round Valleys, Wasatch County, Utah, with emphasis on simulation of ground-water flow in Heber Valley","docAbstract":"<p>An investigation of the hydrologic system in Heber and Round Valleys was conducted to improve understanding of the surface-water and ground-water hydrology and the effects caused by changes in recharge. &nbsp;Ground water is present in consolidated rocks and in unconsolidated valley-fill deposits, but the principal ground-water reservoir is in the unconsolidated valley-fill deposits.</p><p>Recharge to the unconsolidated valley-fill deposits in Heber Valley from unconsumed irrigation water, stream infiltration, subsurface inflow from consolidated rocks, and precipitation is estimated to be 154 cubic feet per second. &nbsp;Discharge is by leakage to Deer Creek Reservoir, by springs and seeps, by seepage to the Provo River and other streams, by evapotranspiration, and by pumping from wells.</p><p>Recharge to the unconsolidated valley-fill deposits in Round Valley from stream infiltration, precipitation, unconsumed irrigation water and subsurface inflow from consolidated rocks is estimated to be 11 cubic feet per second. &nbsp;Discharge is by springs and seeps, by evapotranspiration, and by pumping from wells.</p><p>Seasonal water-level fluctuations of up to 30 feet occur primarily because of changes in recharge from unconsumed irrigation water.&nbsp; Water levels generally are highest during June or July when recharge from irrigation is at a maximum and lowest during the winter when irrigation is absent and recharge is at a minimum. &nbsp;Water levels in wells near Deer Creek Reservoir respond to changes in the reservoir level.</p><p>A modular, three-dimensional, finite-difference ground-water flow model developed by McDonald and Harbaugh (1988) was used to simulate the hydrologic system in the unconsolidated valley-fill deposits of Heber Valley. &nbsp;Model simulations indicate that decreased recharge to the unconsolidated valley-fill deposits causes a decrease in discharge to springs and seeps, streams, and leakage to Deer Creek Reservoir. &nbsp;Future decreases in ground-water recharge caused by changing from flood- to sprinkler-irrigation methods will cause future decreases in ground-water discharge that will be offset to some extent by increased surface-water flows.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Division of Water Resources, Utah Division of Water Rights, Wasatch County, Wasatch County Water Users Association, and Central Utah Water Conservancy District","usgsCitation":"Roark, D., Holmes, W.F., and Shlosar, H.K., 1991, Hydrology of Heber and Round Valleys, Wasatch County, Utah, with emphasis on simulation of ground-water flow in Heber Valley: Technical Publication 101, vi, 93 p.","productDescription":"vi, 93 p.","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332088,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-500"},{"id":332089,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/y920/y9200009.pdf"},{"id":332090,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Wasatch County","otherGeospatial":"Heber Valley, Round Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.56341552734375,\n              40.31199603742692\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.56341552734375,\n              40.58684239087908\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1651611328125,\n              40.58684239087908\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.1651611328125,\n              40.31199603742692\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.56341552734375,\n              40.31199603742692\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bde4b08138bf1abd60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roark, D. Michael mroark@usgs.gov","contributorId":2821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roark","given":"D. Michael","email":"mroark@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":655845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Holmes, Walter F.","contributorId":31737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holmes","given":"Walter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shlosar, Heidi K.","contributorId":177450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shlosar","given":"Heidi","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016534,"text":"70016534 - 1991 - Colorado quartz: Occurrence and discovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T16:50:28.023687","indexId":"70016534","displayToPublicDate":"2016-09-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3307,"text":"Rocks & Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colorado quartz: Occurrence and discovery","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00357529.1991.11761644","usgsCitation":"Kile, D.E., Modreski, P., and Kile, D., 1991, Colorado quartz: Occurrence and discovery: Rocks & Minerals, v. 66, no. 5, p. 374-406, https://doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1991.11761644.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"374","endPage":"406","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.02212329232697,\n              41.02535854352948\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.02212329232697,\n              36.95650714385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.03148576169258,\n              36.95650714385282\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.03148576169258,\n              41.02535854352948\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.02212329232697,\n              41.02535854352948\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"66","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-09-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7c5e4b0c8380cd4ccc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kile, D. E.","contributorId":22758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Modreski, P.J.","contributorId":98335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Modreski","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kile, D.L.","contributorId":18113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kile","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70046175,"text":"70046175 - 1991 - Selenium mobility and distribution in irrigated and nonirrigated alluvial soils","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18901,"text":"ofr90135 - 1990 - Evaluation of selenium mobility in soil using sorption experiments and a numerical model, western San Joaquin Valley, California","indexId":"ofr90135","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evaluation of selenium mobility in soil using sorption experiments and a numerical model, western San Joaquin Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70046175,"text":"70046175 - 1991 - Selenium mobility and distribution in irrigated and nonirrigated alluvial soils","indexId":"70046175","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Selenium mobility and distribution in irrigated and nonirrigated alluvial soils"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T08:53:19","indexId":"70046175","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium mobility and distribution in irrigated and nonirrigated alluvial soils","docAbstract":"Dissolution and leaching of soil salts by irrigation water is a primary source of Se to shallow groundwater in the western San Joaquin Valley, California. In this study, the mobility and distribution of selenite and selenate in soils with different irrigation and drainage histories was evaluated using sorption experiments and an advection-dispersion model. The sorption studies showed that selenate (15–12400 µg Se L<sup>−1</sup>) is not adsorbed to soil, whereas selenite (10–5000 µg Se L<sup>−1</sup>) is rapidly adsorbed. The time lag between adsorption and desorption of selenite is considerable, indicating a dependence of reaction rate on reaction direction (hysteresis). Selenite adsorption and desorption isotherms were different, and both were described with the Freundlich equation. Model results and chemical analyses of extracts from the soil samples showed that selenite is resistant to leaching and therefore can represent a potential long-term source of Se to groundwater. In contrast, selenate behaves as a conservative constituent under alkaline and oxidized conditions and is easily leached from soil.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500050020x","usgsCitation":"Fio, J.L., Fujii, R., and Deverel, S.J., 1991, Selenium mobility and distribution in irrigated and nonirrigated alluvial soils: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 55, no. 5, p. 1313-1320, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500050020x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1320","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":272975,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1991.03615995005500050020x"},{"id":272976,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51a7236be4b09db86f875d1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fio, John L.","contributorId":77543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fio","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fujii, Roger rfujii@usgs.gov","contributorId":553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fujii","given":"Roger","email":"rfujii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deverel, S. J.","contributorId":65478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deverel","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70006454,"text":"70006454 - 1991 - Acoustic measures of the abundance and size of pelagic planktivores in Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-12T01:01:45","indexId":"70006454","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T20:12:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic measures of the abundance and size of pelagic planktivores in Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"Based on acoustic data taken at night and vertically stratified by bottom depth (3&ndash;110 m only), the total number (&plusmn; 95% Cl) of pelagic fishes in Lake Michigan was 43.4 &plusmn; 10.1 x 10<sup>9</sup> or 226.0 &plusmn; 55.2 kt in spring (mean density 0.7&ndash;3.8 fish&middot;m<sup>-2</sup> or 1.6&ndash;12.8 ga&middot;m<sup>-2</sup>) and 115.8 &plusmn; 18.3 x 109 or 313.2 &plusmn; 74.3 kt in late summer, 1987 (mean density 1.1&ndash;7.0 fish&middot;m<sup>-2</sup> or 3.0&ndash;13.2 g&middot;m<sup>-2</sup>); approximately 30% of this increase in numbers (35% of biomass) occurred within Green Bay. Abundance estimates from horizontally stratified (by water column depth) data were within 9-11% of vertically stratified estimates during spring but over 20% higher during summer. By extrapolation to all water depths, we estimated total pelagic biomass as 274.6 kt for spring and 410.8 kt for summer. During both seasons, smaller fishes were nearer to the surface and nearer shore than larger individuals, and acoustic measures of size approximated the sizes of fishes caught in trawls. Bioenergetic model simulations suggest that 60% of the available production of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) was either consumed by stocked salmonines (52.9%) or commercially harvested (7.1%) in 1987. Underwater acoustics proved a valuable tool for lakewide assessments of fish abundances in the Great Lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario","doi":"10.1139/f91-106","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Brandt, S.B., Mason, D.M., Patrick, E.V., Argyle, R.L., Wells, L., Unger, P.A., and Stewart, D.J., 1991, Acoustic measures of the abundance and size of pelagic planktivores in Lake Michigan: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 48, no. 5, p. 894-908, https://doi.org/10.1139/f91-106.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"894","endPage":"908","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":258384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":258379,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-106","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","volume":"48","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e69ee4b0c8380cd47534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brandt, Stephen B.","contributorId":62970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, Doran M.","contributorId":75114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"Doran","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patrick, E. Vincent","contributorId":48429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"Vincent","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Argyle, Ray L.","contributorId":9993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Argyle","given":"Ray","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wells, L.","contributorId":107538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Unger, Philip A.","contributorId":59668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unger","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stewart, Donald J.","contributorId":33660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70042509,"text":"70042509 - 1991 - Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California: 2. Quantitative hydrologic assessment","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":18903,"text":"ofr90137 - 1990 - Ground-water flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California; II, Quantitative hydrologic assessment","indexId":"ofr90137","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Ground-water flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California; II, Quantitative hydrologic assessment"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042509,"text":"70042509 - 1991 - Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California: 2. Quantitative hydrologic assessment","indexId":"70042509","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"title":"Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California: 2. Quantitative hydrologic assessment"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:58:06","indexId":"70042509","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California: 2. Quantitative hydrologic assessment","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater flow modeling was used to quantitatively assess the hydrologic processes affecting ground water and solute movement to drain laterals. Modeling results were used to calculate the depth distribution of groundwater flowing into drain laterals at 1.8 m (drain lateral 1) and 2.7 m (drain lateral 2) below land surface. The simulations indicated that under nonirrigated conditions about 89% of the flow in drain lateral 2 was from groundwater originating from depths greater than 6 m below land surface. The deep groundwater has higher selenium concentrations than shallow groundwater. Simulation of irrigated conditions indicates that as recharge (deep percolation) increases, the proportional contribution of deep groundwater to drain lateral flow decreases. Groundwater flow paths and travel times estimated from the simulation results indicate that groundwater containing high concentrations of selenium (greater than 780 μg L</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) probably will continue to enter drain lateral 2 for decades.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91WR01368","usgsCitation":"Fio, J.L., and Deverel, S.J., 1991, Groundwater flow and solute movement to drain laterals, western San Joaquin Valley, California: 2. Quantitative hydrologic assessment: Water Resources Research, v. 27, no. 9, p. 2247-2257, https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR01368.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2247","endPage":"2257","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.84,35.06 ], [ -121.84,38.17 ], [ -118.67,38.17 ], [ -118.67,35.06 ], [ -121.84,35.06 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"27","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5fe6e4b0b290850fc962","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fio, John L.","contributorId":77543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fio","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deverel, S. J.","contributorId":65478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deverel","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016540,"text":"70016540 - 1991 - Geophysical studies of the West Antarctic rift system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T15:42:36.639064","indexId":"70016540","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3524,"text":"Tectonics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical studies of the West Antarctic rift system","docAbstract":"<p><span>The West Antarctic rift system extends over a 3000 × 750 km, largely ice covered area from the Ross Sea to the base of the Antarctic Peninsula, comparable in area to the Basin and Range and the East African rift system. A spectacular rift shoulder scarp along which peaks reach 4–5 km maximum elevation marks one flank and extends from northern Victoria Land-Queen Maud Mountains to the Ellsworth-Whitmore-Horlick Mountains. The rift shoulder has maximum present physiographic relief of 5 km in the Ross Embayment and 7 km in the Ellsworth Mountains-Byrd Subglacial Basin area. The Transantarctic Mountains part of the rift shoulder (and probably the entire shoulder) has been interpreted as rising since about 60 Ma, at episodic rates of ∼1 km/m.y., most recently since mid-Pliocene time, rather than continuously at the mean rate of 100 m/m.y. The rift system is characterized by bimodal alkaline volcanic rocks ranging from at least Oligocene to the present. These are exposed asymmetrically along the rift flanks and at the south end of the Antarctic Peninsula. The trend of the Jurassic tholeiites (Ferrar dolerites, Kirkpatric basalts) marking the Jurassic Transantarctic rift is coincident with exposures of the late Cenozoic volcanic rocks along the section of the Transantarctic Mountains from northern Victoria Land to the Horlick Mountains. The Cenozoic rift shoulder diverges here from the Jurassic tholeiite trend, and the tholeiites are exposed continuously (including the Dufek intrusion) along the lower- elevation (1–2 km) section of Transantarctic Mountains to the Weddell Sea. Widely spaced aeromagnetic profiles in West Antarctica indicate the absence of Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the ice covered part of the Whitmore-Ellsworth-Mountain block and suggest their widespread occurrence beneath the western part of the ice sheet overlying the Byrd Subglacial Basin. A German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR)-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) aeromagnetic survey over the Ross Sea continental shelf indicates rift fabric and suggests numerous submarine volcanoes along discrete NNW trending zones. A Bouguer anomaly range of approximately 200 (+50 to −150) mGal having 4–7 mGal/km gradients where measured in places marks the rift shoulder from northern Victoria Land possibly to the Ellsworth Mountains (where data are too sparse to determine maximum amplitude and gradient). The steepest gravity gradients across the rift shoulder require high density (mafic or ultramafic?) rock within the crust as well as at least 12 km of thinner crust beneath the West Antarctic rift system in contrast to East Antarctica. Sparse land seismic data reported along the rift shoulder, where velocities are greater than 7 km/s, and marine data indicating velocities above 7 km/s beneath the Ross Sea continental shelf support this interpretation. The maximum Bouguer gravity range in the Pensacola Mountains area of the Transantarctic Mountains is only about 130 mGal with a maximum 2 mGal/km gradient, which can be explained solely by 8 km of crustal thickening. Large offset seismic profiles over the Ross Sea shelf collected by the German Antarctic North Victoria Land Expedition V (GANOVEX V) combined with earlier USGS and other results indicate 17–21 km thickness for the crust beneath the Ross Sea shelf which we interpret as evidence of extended rifted continental crust. A regional positive Bouguer anomaly (0 to +50 mGal), the width of the rift, extends from the Ross Sea continental shelf throughout the Ross Embayment and Byrd Subglacial Basin area of the West Antarctic rift system and indicates that the Moho is approximately 20 km deep tied to the seismic results (probably coincident with the top of the asthenosphere) rather than the 30 km reported in earlier interpretations. The interpretation of horst and graben structures in the Ross Sea, made from marine seismic reflection data, probably can be extended throughout the rift (i.e., the Ross Ice shelf and the Byrd Subglacial Basin areas). The near absence of earthquakes in the West Antarctic rift system probably results from a combination of primarily sparse seismograph coverage and, secondarily, suppression of earthquakes by the ice sheet (e.g., Johnston, 1987) and very high seismicity shortly after deglaciation in the Ross Embayment followed by abnormally low seismicity at present (e.g., Muir Wood, 1989). The evidence of high temperatures at shallow depth beneath the Ross Sea continental shelf and adjacent Transantarctic Mountains is supportive of thermal uplift of the mountains associated with lateral heat conduction from the rift and can possibly also explain the volcanism, rifting, and high elevation of the entire rift shoulder to the Ellsworth-Horlick-Whitmore Mountains. We infer that the Gondwana breakup and the West Antarctic rift are part of a continuously propagating rift that started in the Jurassic when Africa separated from East Antarctica (including the failed Jurassic Transantarctic rift). Rifting proceeded clockwise around East Antarctica to the separation of New Zealand and the Campbell Plateau about 85–95 Ma and has continued (with a spreading center jump) to its present location in the Ross Embayment and West Antarctica. The Cenozoic activity of the West Antarctic rift system appears to be continuous in time with rifting in the same area that began only in the late Mesozoic. Although the mechanism for rifting is not completely explained, we suggest a combination of the flexural rigidity model (Stem and ten Brink, 1989) proposed for the Ross Embayment and the thermal plume or hot spot concepts. The propagating rift may have been “captured” by the thermal plume.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91TC00868","issn":"02787407","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., LeMasurier, W., Cooper, A.K., Tessensohn, F., Trehu, A., and Damaske, D., 1991, Geophysical studies of the West Antarctic rift system: Tectonics, v. 10, no. 6, p. 1257-1273, https://doi.org/10.1029/91TC00868.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1257","endPage":"1273","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":222853,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Ross Sea, Victoria Land","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -170.15625,\n              -87.90272143026618\n            ],\n            [\n              180,\n              -87.90272143026618\n            ],\n            [\n              180,\n              -60.93043220292333\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.15625,\n              -60.93043220292333\n            ],\n            [\n              -170.15625,\n              -87.90272143026618\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"10","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a286ee4b0c8380cd5a0f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, John C. jbehrendt@usgs.gov","contributorId":25945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrendt","given":"John","email":"jbehrendt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":213,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":373844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeMasurier, W.E.","contributorId":7006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeMasurier","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, A. K.","contributorId":50149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooper","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tessensohn, Franz","contributorId":27196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tessensohn","given":"Franz","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Trehu, A.","contributorId":28372,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trehu","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Damaske, D.","contributorId":66771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Damaske","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5223269,"text":"5223269 - 1991 - Methods for control of tick vectors of Lyme Borreliosis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:01","indexId":"5223269","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:35","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3333,"text":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methods for control of tick vectors of Lyme Borreliosis","docAbstract":"During the IVth International Conference on Lyme Borreliosis in Stockholm, 1990, a workshop on control of Lyme disease vectors briefly reviewed: basic ecological principles for tick control; biocontrol of ticks; chemical control, including the use of repellents and use of permethrin-treated rodent nest material; tick control by habitat modification; and reduction of tick host availability. It was concluded that, although much research work remains, Lyme borreliosis is to a large extent a preventable infection. Avoidance of heavily tick-infested areas, personal protection using proper clothing, and prompt removal of attached ticks remain the most effective protective measures. Many other prophylactic measures are available and could be efficiently integrated into schemes to reduce the abundance of vectors. However, since the ecology of the infection varies greatly between different localities it may be necessary to apply different combinations of control methods in different endemic regions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Jaenson, T., Fish, D., Ginsberg, H., Gray, J., Mather, T., and Piesman, J., 1991, Methods for control of tick vectors of Lyme Borreliosis: Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, v. Suppl. 77, p. 151-157.","productDescription":"151-157","startPage":"151","endPage":"157","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"Suppl. 77","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a199","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaenson, T.G.T.","contributorId":11305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaenson","given":"T.G.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fish, D.","contributorId":68007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fish","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ginsberg, H. S. 0000-0002-4933-2466","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4933-2466","contributorId":27576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ginsberg","given":"H. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gray, J.S.","contributorId":55112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mather, T.N.","contributorId":43074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mather","given":"T.N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Piesman, J.","contributorId":64762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piesman","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5222676,"text":"5222676 - 1991 - Dispersal of wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota, 1969-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:52:56.913904","indexId":"5222676","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:13","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dispersal of wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota, 1969-1989","docAbstract":"We examined the dispersal patterns of radio-collared wolves (Canis lupus) from 21 packs in the Superior National Forest, Minnesota, from 1969 to 1989.  A total of 316 wolves (542 wolf-years) were captured, radio-collared, and followed during 21 years of radio-tracking; 75 were identified as dispersers.  Both sexes dispersed equally.  Of the adults, yearlings, and pups, 8, 75, and 16%, respectively, dispersed.  Most dispersers left when they were 11-12 months old, only a few wolves dispersing as adults.  Dispersal occurred mainly in February-April and October-November.  Adults dispersed short distances into nearby territories, but yearlings and pups dispersed both short and long distances.  Yearling and pup dispersal rates were highest when the wolf population was increasing or decreasing and low when the population was stable.  Adults had the highest pairing and denning success, yearlings had moderate pairing and low denning success, and pups had low pairing and denning success.  Yearlings and pups that dispersed a short distance had a higher success of settling in a new territory, likely reflecting available vacancies in nearby territories.  Thirty-five percent of the known-age wolves remained in their natal territory for >2 years; two wolves  were known to have remained for >7 years.  The relative weight of pups at capture apparently did not affect their age or success of dispersal or the tendency to disperse.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","usgsCitation":"Gese, E., and Mech, L., 1991, Dispersal of wolves (Canis lupus) in northeastern Minnesota, 1969-1989: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 69, no. 12, p. 2946-2955.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"2946","endPage":"2955","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689c52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gese, E.M.","contributorId":94757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gese","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mech, L.D. 0000-0003-3944-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":75466,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mech","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5221101,"text":"5221101 - 1991 - Bats, cyanide, and gold mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-21T16:30:19","indexId":"5221101","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:12","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":974,"text":"BATS Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bats, cyanide, and gold mining","docAbstract":"<p><span>Although the boom days of prospectors and gold nuggets are long gone, modern technology enables gold to continue to be extracted from ore. Unfortunately, the extraction method has often been disastrous for bats and other wildlife, an issue I first became aware of in early 1989. Phone calls from Drs. Merlin Tuttle and Elizabeth Pierson, a BCI member and bat researcher from Berkeley, California, alerted me that bats were dying from apparent cyanide poisoning at gold mines in the western United States.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bat Conservation International","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.R., 1991, Bats, cyanide, and gold mining: BATS Magazine, v. 9, no. 3, p. 17-18.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"18","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":16518,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.batcon.org/resources/media-education/bats-magazine/bat_article/494","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":197408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e127","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, Donald R. Jr.","contributorId":118204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Donald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5222582,"text":"5222582 - 1991 - Conservation genetics of the endangered Isle Royale gray wolf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-01T11:55:13.59561","indexId":"5222582","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:04","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Conservation genetics of the endangered Isle Royale gray wolf","docAbstract":"<p><span>The small group of wolves on Isle Royale has been studied for over three decades as a model of the relationship between large carnivores and their prey. During the last ten years the population declined from 50 individuals to as few as 12 individuals. The causes of this decline may be food shortages, disease, or reduced genetic variability. We address the issues of genetic variability and relationships of Isle Royale wolves using allozyme electrophoresis, mtDNA restriction-site analysis, and multilocus hypervariable minisatellite DNA analysis (genetic fingerprinting). Our results indicate that approximately 50% of the allozyme heterozygosity has been lost in the island population, a decline similar to that expected if no immigration had occurred from the mainland. The genetic fingerprinting data indicate that the seven sampled Isle Royale wolves are as similar as captive populations of siblings. Surprisingly, the Isle Royale wolves have an mDNA genotype that is very rare on the mainland, being found in only one of 144 mainland wolves ThFF suggests that the remaining Isle Royale wolves areprobably derived from a single female founder.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00386.x","usgsCitation":"Wayne, R., Lehman, N., Girman, D., Gogan, P., Gilbert, D., Hansen, K., Peterson, R.O., Seal, U., Eisenhawer, A., Mech, L., and Krumenaker, R., 1991, Conservation genetics of the endangered Isle Royale gray wolf: Conservation Biology, v. 5, no. 1, p. 41-51, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00386.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"41","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199507,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":5220979,"text":"5220979 - 1991 - Conservation of the yellow-shouldered blackbird Agelaius xanthomus, an endagered West Indian species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T16:35:11.383697","indexId":"5220979","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:04","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Conservation of the yellow-shouldered blackbird <i>Agelaius xanthomus</i>, an endagered West Indian species","title":"Conservation of the yellow-shouldered blackbird Agelaius xanthomus, an endagered West Indian species","docAbstract":"<p><span>The yellow-shouldered blackbird&nbsp;</span><i>Agelaius xanthomus</i><span>, endemic to Puerto Rico and Mona Island, is endangered, mainly because of brood parasitism by the shiny cowbird&nbsp;</span><i>Molothrus bonariensis</i><span>, which reached Puerto Rico at least 30 years ago. The yellow-shouldered blackbird populations have since declined, about 770–1200 remaining (470–900 on Mona Island) by 1982–1986 compared to a population of about 2400 in 1975. Nearly all nests of blackbirds in most of its habitats are parasitized by cowbirds. This significantly reduces nesting success, but blackbirds have evolved no defenses against brood parasitism. Removal of cowbirds from the yellow-shouldered blackbird nesting grounds, modeled after similar programmes for the brown-headed cowbird&nbsp;</span><i>Molothrus ater</i><span>&nbsp;on Kirtland's warbler&nbsp;</span><i>Dendroica kirtlandii</i><span>&nbsp;nesting areas, significantly increased blackbird production. Blackbirds readily accept nest boxes, and breeding populations can be established in otherwise unusable sites and can be concentrated in mangrove habitats, were they are more easily protected by cowbird removal. Furthermore, yellow-shouldered blackbird pairs using cavities, including nest boxes, fledged more young per nest than pairs using open nests.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(91)90052-B","usgsCitation":"Wiley, J.W., Post, W., and Cruz, A., 1991, Conservation of the yellow-shouldered blackbird Agelaius xanthomus, an endagered West Indian species: Biological Conservation, v. 55, no. 2, p. 119-138, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(91)90052-B.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"138","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Boquerón Commonwealth Forest, Roosevelt Roads Naval Station","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": 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-65.59157815280692,\n              18.22691687581586\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.59051191463352,\n              18.22776082368786\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.58971223600405,\n              18.22868916161849\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.58962338282323,\n              18.229870675456567\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.59184471235002,\n              18.230545822618424\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.59193356553088,\n              18.231811716484344\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.59433260142005,\n              18.231558538448283\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.5958431054982,\n              18.23299320911353\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.59682049049005,\n              18.234512259271995\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.59913067319837,\n              18.236200077220857\n            ],\n            [\n              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-65.60863796357359,\n              18.251474084518122\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.60952649538459,\n              18.253836794482154\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.60952649538459,\n              18.254849374630254\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.60943764220306,\n              18.256452614458382\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.60677204677076,\n              18.256958897646214\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.60641663404674,\n              18.258308978930586\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.60499498314938,\n              18.259490291444934\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.60383989179523,\n              18.261768514315108\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.60703860631389,\n              18.262274782004653\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.60943764220306,\n              18.261009110012438\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.61139241218675,\n              18.261346623445988\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6117478249114,\n              18.2593215330061\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.61219209081692,\n              18.2577183196598\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.61574621805957,\n              18.255186900034175\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.61761213486241,\n              18.255186900034175\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6192114921221,\n              18.255777567913682\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.62152167482975,\n              18.25560880586727\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.6246315361676,\n              18.257633939600254\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.63014043339459,\n              18.248520651878636\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.63200635019675,\n              18.24683295354656\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.63325029473177,\n              18.24278241068056\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.62969616748909,\n              18.235356170294082\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69757d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiley, J. W.","contributorId":51399,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wiley","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Post, W.","contributorId":6155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cruz, A.","contributorId":89993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cruz","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5221096,"text":"5221096 - 1991 - Eggshell modifications in captive American kestrels resulting from Aroclor 1248 in the diet","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T16:30:06.127686","indexId":"5221096","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:03","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Eggshell modifications in captive American kestrels resulting from Aroclor® 1248 in the diet","title":"Eggshell modifications in captive American kestrels resulting from Aroclor 1248 in the diet","docAbstract":"<p><span>American kestrels (</span><i>Falco sparverius</i><span>) were fed diets containing 3 μg/g Aroclor</span><sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;1 1248 or control diets from mid-January until July. Eggs were removed from first clutches 2 to 4 days after laying ceased and shell thickness and shell dimensions were measured. Contents of the third egg of each clutch, the carcasses of all adults that received Aroclor</span><sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;1248 and of three males and three females that received the control diet were analyzed for DDE, Aroclors</span><sup>®</sup><span>&nbsp;1248, 1254 and 1260, and dieldrin. Concentrations of PCBs, DDE and dieldrin were significantly higher (P &lt; 0.03) in eggs and carcasses from treated adults than in controls. Shell thickness and shell thickness index of eggs from treated adults were reduced 5.0% (P &lt; 0.0001) and 4.8% (P &lt; 0.0001), respectively, from those of controls.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01065842","usgsCitation":"Lowe, T.P., and Stendell, R.C., 1991, Eggshell modifications in captive American kestrels resulting from Aroclor 1248 in the diet: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 20, no. 4, p. 519-522, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01065842.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"519","endPage":"522","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197652,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60efda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lowe, T. Peter plowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":172500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"T.","email":"plowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":333026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stendell, Rey C.","contributorId":8913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stendell","given":"Rey","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":333027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5223420,"text":"5223420 - 1991 - Social organization in deer: Implications for localized management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T16:51:14.004407","indexId":"5223420","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:03","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Social organization in deer: Implications for localized management","docAbstract":"<p><span>Populations of white-tailed deer (</span><i>Odocoileus virginianus</i><span>) inhabiting many state and national parks and suburban areas have grown to the point that they conflict with human activities. Conflicts range from destruction of vegetation through browsing to public perception that diseases carried by deer pose threats to human health. Traditional modes of hunting to control populations are inappropriate in many of these areas because of intense human development and activity. This article explores an alternative approach for population reduction based on deer social organization. Female white-tailed deer are highly philopatric and female offspring remain near their dams for life. This suggests that a population expands slowly as a series of overlapping home ranges in a form analogous to the petals on a rose. Incorporating the rose petal concept into a model of population growth shows that removal of deer by family unit can potentially alleviate conflicts in localized areas for as many as 10–15 yr.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF02394818","usgsCitation":"Porter, W., Mathews, N., Underwood, H., Sage, R., and Behrend, D., 1991, Social organization in deer: Implications for localized management: Environmental Management, v. 15, no. 6, p. 809-814, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02394818.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"809","endPage":"814","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49efe4b07f02db5edd88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Porter, W.F.","contributorId":81597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"W.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mathews, N.E.","contributorId":45807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathews","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Underwood, H.B. 0000-0002-2064-9128","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2064-9128","contributorId":90849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Underwood","given":"H.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sage, R.W. Jr.","contributorId":43896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sage","given":"R.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Behrend, D.F.","contributorId":31498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behrend","given":"D.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":338715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":5222573,"text":"5222573 - 1991 - Estimates of movement and site fidelity using mark-resight data of wintering Canada geese","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T09:13:53","indexId":"5222573","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:02","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of movement and site fidelity using mark-resight data of wintering Canada geese","docAbstract":"<p>Population ecologists have devoted disproportionate attention to the estimation and study of birth and death rates and far less effort to rates of movement. Movement and fidelity to wintering areas have important ecological and evolutionary implications for avian populations. Previous inferences about movement among and fidelity to wintering areas have been restricted by limitations of data and methodology. We use multiple observation data from a large-scale capture-resighting study of Canada Geese in the Atlantic flyway to estimate probabilities of returning to previous wintering locations and moving to new locations. Mark-resight data from 28,849 Canada Geese (Branta canadensis) banded woth individually coded neck bands in the mid-Atlantic (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey), Chesapeake (Delaware, Maryland, Virginia), and Carolinas (North and South Carolina) were used to estimate movement and site-fidelity. Two three-sample mark-resight models were developed and programmed using SURVIV to estimate the probability of moving among or remaining within these three wintering regions. The model (MV2) that incorporated tradition' or memory of previous wintering regions fit the data better than the model (MV1) that assumes that a first-order Markov chain described movement among regions. Considerable levels of movement occurred among regions of the Atlantic flyway. The annual probability of remaining in the same region for two successive winters, used as a measure of site fidelity, was 0.710 plus or minus 0.016 (estimated mean plus or minus SE, 0.889 plus or minus 0.006, and 0.562 plus or minus 0.025, for the mid-Atlantic, Chesapeake, and Carolinas, respectively. The estimated probability of moving between years corresponded to changes in winter harshness. In warm years, geese moved north and in cold years, they moved south. Geese had a high probability of moving to and remaining in the Chesapeake. Annual changes in the movement probabilities did not correspond to annual changes in the United States Fish and Wildlife midwinter survey. Considerable numbers of geese from the Carolinas appeared to be wintering in more northerly locations (short-stopped) in subsequent winters.</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.2307/2937193","usgsCitation":"Hestbeck, J., Nichols, J., and Malecki, R., 1991, Estimates of movement and site fidelity using mark-resight data of wintering Canada geese: Ecology, v. 72, no. 2, p. 523-533, https://doi.org/10.2307/2937193.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"523","endPage":"533","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194149,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fca6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hestbeck, J.B.","contributorId":107802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Malecki, R.A.","contributorId":70498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malecki","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5230225,"text":"5230225 - 1991 - Use of Wetland Habitats by Selected Nongame Water Birds in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:21","indexId":"5230225","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T10:33:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":25,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Research","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"No. 9","title":"Use of Wetland Habitats by Selected Nongame Water Birds in Maine","docAbstract":"We examined the use of 87 palustrine and lacustrine wetlands by nongame water birds in central and eastern Maine using 3,527 h of observation (1,501 visits) made during April-August, 1977-85. Wetlands used by 15 species of water birds were distinguished from those not used, according to 20 habitat features. The species were the common loon (Gavia immer) , pied-billed grebe (Podilymbus podiceps), double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus), American bittern (Botaurus lentiginosus), great blue heron (Ardea herodias), green-backed heron (Butorides striatus), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), northern harrier (Circus cyaneus), Virgima rail (Rallus limicola), sora (Porzana carolina), spotted sandpiper (Actitis macularia), common snipe (Gallinago gallinago), herring gull (Larus argentatus), and belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon). Predictive models of habitat use were developed for each species. Water birds were classified by similarity of habitats used, and species use was contrasted by wetland type.  Smaller, isolated wetlands were used by fewer (P < 0.05) species than larger wetlands in complexes; many species had large area-requirements (pied-billed grebe, common loon, herring gull, double-crested cormorant, bald eagle) or preferred to use wetlands near other wetlands (common loon, herring gull, great blue heron, spotted sandpiper, osprey, bald eagle). Wetland area contributed more to overall variation in species richness on wetlands than wetland isolation, although on small wetlands (<3.6 ha) isolation was a better predictor of species richness than wetland area. Wetlands with intermediate amounts (33-66%) of emergent vegetation supported more species (P< 0.05) than closed (>66%) or open (<33%) wetlands. Low pH typified wetlands used by large-bodied piscivores (common loon, cormorant, osprey). Other water birds were associated with more densely vegetated, chemically buffered wetlands. Habitat features associated with wetland use by each waterbird species are reported, as are numerical responses of waterbird populations to wetland features and estimates of annual variation in habitat occupancy. Lacustrine wetlands supported a distinct, low diversity community of water birds, including most fish-eating species. Waterbird diversity at forested palustrine wetlands was intermediate between lacustrine communities and more species-rich assemblages at palustrine emergent and scrub-shrub wetlands. Regional variation in wetland characteristics and water bird use was associated with surficial geology, soils, and management practices. Management for nongame water birds in Maine should consider providing emergent and aquatic-bed vegetation with variable cover-to-water ratios, accommodating species-specific habitat needs, focusing on species of restricted distribution and low abundance, and maintaining wetland complexes. Bird use and habitat information from 87 wetlands and models of habitat selection for each species are provided in appendixes.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Gibbs, J., Longcore, J.R., McAuley, D., and Ringelman, J., 1991, Use of Wetland Habitats by Selected Nongame Water Birds in Maine: Fish and Wildlife Research No. 9, iii, 57.","productDescription":"iii, 57","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200792,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686487","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gibbs, J.P.","contributorId":54937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibbs","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Longcore, J. R. 0000-0003-4898-5438","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4898-5438","contributorId":43835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longcore","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McAuley, D.G. 0000-0003-3674-6392","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-6392","contributorId":15296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAuley","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ringelman, J.K.","contributorId":65418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringelman","given":"J.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5210689,"text":"5210689 - 1991 - Past and potential contributions of captive breeding to population recovery of the Whooping Crane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:18","indexId":"5210689","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Past and potential contributions of captive breeding to population recovery of the Whooping Crane","docAbstract":"A captive Whooping Crane colony was established at the Patuxent Wildlifa Research Center in Maryland in 1966. This colony first produced eggs in 1975 and has produced 252 eggs through 1990. From 1976 to 1984, 73 eggs were sent Io Grays Lake, Idaho, the site of the first Whooplng Crane reintroduction attempt. Canada also provided 216 eggs (1976-1988) from the wild population. Although 84 chicks fledged, the egg transfer program has been discontinued because of inordinately high mortality and lack of breeding.  In recent decades, several new methods have emerged for introducing captive-produced offspring to the wild. The largest Introduction efforl involves the rearing of Mississippi Sandhill Cranes, either by captive Sandhill Crane foster parents, or by costumed humans in close association with live cranes and with taxidermy mount feeding models and brooder models. These two techniques have resulted in high post-release survival rates and will llkely be used in future Whooping Crane relntroduction programs. Current recovery objectives for the Whooping Crane include the establishment of three captive colonies and the building of two other wild populations. A full-scale reintroduction effort (at least 20 birds/year) is scheduled to begin at the first site (Florida) with birds reared in 1994 or 1995.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici, Volume 4","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ornithological Congress Trust Board","publisherLocation":"Wellington, New Zealand","usgsCitation":"Ellis, D.H., Gee, G., and Smith, D., 1991, Past and potential contributions of captive breeding to population recovery of the Whooping Crane, chap. <i>of</i> Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici, Volume 4, p. 2403-2409.","productDescription":"2568","startPage":"2403","endPage":"2409","numberOfPages":"2568","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201454,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae9f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ellis, D. H.","contributorId":79830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gee, G.F.","contributorId":70335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gee","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, D.G.","contributorId":49393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016499,"text":"70016499 - 1991 - Infrared spectroscopic examination of the interaction of urea with the naturally occurring zeolite clinoptilolite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T16:31:51.6434","indexId":"70016499","displayToPublicDate":"2004-12-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2732,"text":"Microchemical Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infrared spectroscopic examination of the interaction of urea with the naturally occurring zeolite clinoptilolite","docAbstract":"<p><span>Infrared spectroscopy has shown for the first time that the naturally occurring zeolite clinoptilolite can absorb urea, (NH</span><sub>2</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><span>CO, under ambient conditions from either aqueous or ethanolic solutions. The two strongest NH stretching bands at 3441 and 3344 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;in pure, solid urea shift to higher frequency (about 3504 and 3401 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) after absorption. Two of the four urea bands in the 1800-1300 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;range (at 1683 and 1467 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) undergo marked downward shifts to about 1670 and 1445 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The other two bands show little change in frequency. The strong band at 1602 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, however, diminishes in intensity to little more than an ill-defined shoulder on the 1626-cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;peak. When clinoptilolite is heated to 450 °C and then treated with molten urea (ca. 140 °C) for several minutes, and finally washed twice with ethanol to remove excess unreacted urea, further changes become apparent in the spectrum of the urea-treated clinoptilolite. The two NH stretching bands broaden without significant change in frequency. Two new bands appear in the midfrequency range at 1777 (weak) and 1719 (medium strong) cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Of the four original midfrequency peaks, the one at 1602 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;is now absent. Two others (1627 and 1440 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>) exhibit little change, while the fourth has broadened and shifted down to 1663 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, where it appears as a shoulder on the band at 1627 cm</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. Both treatments clearly induce interaction between urea and the zeolite which seems to result in significant modifications in the nature of the hydrogen bonding of the substrate.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0026-265X(91)90090-C","issn":"0026265X","usgsCitation":"Byler, D., Gerasimowicz, W., Stockette, V., and Eberl, D.D., 1991, Infrared spectroscopic examination of the interaction of urea with the naturally occurring zeolite clinoptilolite: Microchemical Journal, v. 44, no. 2, p. 130-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-265X(91)90090-C.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"139","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223377,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3bc5e4b0c8380cd62822","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Byler, D.M.","contributorId":72134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Byler","given":"D.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gerasimowicz, W.V.","contributorId":64810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerasimowicz","given":"W.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockette, V.M.","contributorId":103797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockette","given":"V.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberl, D. D.","contributorId":66282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70016665,"text":"70016665 - 1991 - Sedimentary facies and depositional environments of early Mesozoic Newark Supergroup basins, eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-05T17:13:29.047401","indexId":"70016665","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sedimentary facies and depositional environments of early Mesozoic Newark Supergroup basins, eastern North America","docAbstract":"<p><span>The early Mesozoic Newark Supergroup consists of continental sedimentary rocks and basalt flows that occupy a NE-trending belt of elongate basins exposed in eastern North America. The basins were filled over a period of 30–40 m.y. spanning the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, prior to the opening of the north Atlantic Ocean. The sedimentary rocks are here divided into four principal lithofacies. The alluvial-fan facies includes deposits dominated by: (1) debris flows; (2) shallow braided streams; (3) deeper braided streams (with trough crossbeds); or (4) intense bioturbation or hyperconcentrated flows (tabular, unstratified muddy sandstone). The fluvial facies include deposits of: (1) shallow, ephemeral braided streams; (2) deeper, flashflooding, braided streams (with poor sorting and crossbeds); (3) perennial braided rivers; (4) meandering rivers; (5) meandering streams (with high suspended loads); (6) overbank areas or local flood-plain lakes; or (7) local streams and/or colluvium. The lacustrine facies includes deposits of: (1) deep perennial lakes; (2) shallow perennial lakes; (3) shallow ephemeral lakes; (4) playa dry mudflats; (5) salt-encrusted saline mudflats; or (6) vegetated mudflats. The lake margin clastic facies includes deposits of: (1) birdfoot deltas; (2) stacked Gilbert-type deltas; (3) sheet deltas; (4) wave-reworked alluvial fans; or (5) wave-sorted sand sheets.</span></p><p><span>Coal deposits are present in the lake margin clastic and the lacustrine facies of Carnian age (Late Triassic) only in basins of south-central Virginia and North and South Carolina. Eolian deposits are known only from the basins in Nova Scotia and Connecticut. Evaporites (and their pseudomorphs) occur mainly in the northern basins as deposits of saline soils and less commonly of saline lakes, and some evaporite and alkaline minerals present in the Mesozoic rocks may be a result of later diagenesis. These relationships suggest climatic variations across paleolatitudes, more humid to the south where coal beds are preserved, and more arid in the north where evaporites and eolian deposits are common. Fluctuations in paleoclimate that caused lake levels to rise and fall in hydrologically closed basins are preserved as lacustrine cycles of various scales, including major shifts in the Late Triassic from a wet Carnian to an arid Norian. In contrast, fluvial deposits were mainly formed in response to the tectonic evolution of the basins, but to some extent also reflect climatic changes.</span></p><p><span>The Newark Supergroup illustrates the complexity of rift-basin sedimentation and the problems that may arise from using a single modern analog for sedimentary deposition spanning millions of years. It also shows that a tremendous wealth of depositional, climatic, and tectonic information is preserved in ancient rift-basin deposits which can be recovered if the depositional processes of modern rift-basin deposits are understood.</span></p><p><span><br data-mce-bogus=\"1\"></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(91)90055-V","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Smoot, J.P., 1991, Sedimentary facies and depositional environments of early Mesozoic Newark Supergroup basins, eastern North America: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 84, no. 1-4, p. 369-423, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(91)90055-V.","productDescription":"55 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"423","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224886,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"eastern North America","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -65.34973813646667,\n              49.729175695231646\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.1169629800022,\n              45.36650460372093\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.24234897331398,\n              40.643567382207195\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.96809345597106,\n              34.43214627228383\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.44916467007137,\n              34.46723020426617\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.86033374325733,\n              41.241245371321625\n            ],\n            [\n              -62.81204856610581,\n              43.154160943464\n            ],\n            [\n              -58.59729696836493,\n              46.1196026879104\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.34973813646667,\n              49.729175695231646\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"84","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8a1ee4b08c986b317047","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smoot, J. P.","contributorId":65878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smoot","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016440,"text":"70016440 - 1991 - Middle to late Cenozoic magmatism of the southeastern Colorado Plateau and central Rio Grande rift (New Mexico and Arizona, U.S.A.): A model for continental rifting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T15:31:07.973517","indexId":"70016440","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Middle to late Cenozoic magmatism of the southeastern Colorado Plateau and central Rio Grande rift (New Mexico and Arizona, U.S.A.): A model for continental rifting","docAbstract":"<p><span>The region of the present Rio Grande rift and southeastern Colorado Plateau underwent lithospheric extension during middle to late Cenozoic deformation affecting the entire southwestern U.S. Lithospheric mantle was disrupted, and in many regions displaced or replaced by asthenospheric mantle at depths from which basaltic magmas were derived and erupted to the surface. Study of the igneous rocks erupted or intruded during this deformation yields insights into processes of magmatism associated with extension of continental lithosphere.</span></p><p><span>Magmatic rocks associated with an early (late Oligocene-early Miocene) ductile phase of extension are dominantly basaltic andesites and related, calc-alkaline intermediate to silicic derivative rocks. Mafic magmas were probably derived from isotopically “enriched” lithospheric mantle. Igneous rocks associated with a later (middle Miocene-Holocene), more brittle phase of extension include widespread basaltic rocks and localized central volcanoes of intermediate to silicic composition. Isotopic compositions of mafic rocks, which include both tholeiitic and alkalic basalts, correlate strongly with tectonic setting and lithospheric structure. Basalts erupted in areas of greatest crustal extension, such as the central and southern rift and Basin and Range province, were derived from isotopically “depleted” (correlated with “asthenospheric”) mantle. Also, isotopic compositions of Pliocene to Holocene basalts are slightly more depleted than those of Miocene basalts, suggesting that subcrustal lithospheric mantle was thinned during late Miocene extension. Intermediate rocks of the central volcanoes formed by a complex combination of processes, probably dominated by fractional crystallization and by assimilation of upper and lower crust in isolated, small magma chambers.</span></p><p><span>The petrologic, geochemical, and isotopic data are compatible with a model, derived first from geophysical data, whereby lithosphere is thinned beneath the central rift and southeastern Colorado Plateau, with greatest thinning centered beneath the axis of the rift. A lithospheric model involving uniform-sense simple shear does not appear compatible with the data as presently understood.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(91)90049-X","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Baldridge, W., Perry, F., Vaniman, D.T., Nealey, L., Leavy, B.D., Laughlin, A., Kyle, P., Bartov, Y., Steinitz, G., and Gladney, E., 1991, Middle to late Cenozoic magmatism of the southeastern Colorado Plateau and central Rio Grande rift (New Mexico and Arizona, U.S.A.): A model for continental rifting: Tectonophysics, v. 197, no. 2-4, p. 327-354, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90049-X.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"327","endPage":"354","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223117,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.64691914160494,\n              37.03119481832189\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.64691914160494,\n              31.329500785035236\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.01886856533555,\n              31.329500785035236\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.01886856533555,\n              37.03119481832189\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.64691914160494,\n              37.03119481832189\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"197","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a56ece4b0c8380cd6d90f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baldridge, W.S.","contributorId":63956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldridge","given":"W.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perry, F.V.","contributorId":57211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"F.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vaniman, D. T.","contributorId":22911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaniman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nealey, L.D.","contributorId":97921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nealey","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Leavy, B. D.","contributorId":38991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leavy","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Laughlin, A.W.","contributorId":87298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laughlin","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kyle, P.","contributorId":15763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyle","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bartov, Y.","contributorId":65230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartov","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Steinitz, G.","contributorId":16985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinitz","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gladney, E.S.","contributorId":58780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gladney","given":"E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70016777,"text":"70016777 - 1991 - Fold patterns, lateral ramps and seismicity in central Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-18T17:03:39.472844","indexId":"70016777","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fold patterns, lateral ramps and seismicity in central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"<p>The Susquehanna lateral ramp crosses the entire length of Pennsylvania in a NNE direction and extends into southern New York State. Its presence was first suspected because of a dramatic change in fold wavelength across the Susquehanna River, seen on both side-looking airborne radar (SLAR *) data and the geologic map of Pennsylvania. Seismic reflection profiles confirm the presence of a ramp and show the detailed nature of structures associated with it. These structures include antiformal stacks, juxtaposed anticlines and synclines, and folds beheaded by thrust faults. The change in the fold pattern, which led to recognizing the lateral ramp, occurs above a rapid dropoff in depth to the basement suggesting that the ramp and the basement configuration may somehow be related. </p><p>In plain view, eleven earthquakes are spatially related to the Susquehanna lateral ramp, although they are in the basement rocks rather than in the cover rocks which contain the lateral ramp itself. The earthquakes are, therefore, not likely directly associated with the ramp, though they may be affiliated with strike-slip faulting in the basement which, itself, appears to be partly responsible for the formation of the ramp. </p><p>The initial age of the faulting along, and in the vicinity of, the Susquehanna lateral ramp is presumably Early to Middle Paleozoic. However, the presence of a surficially-exposed Mesozoic dike along the ramp and modern seismicity suggest that the Susquehanna lateral ramp may be a zone of protracted, and perhaps repeated, tectonism which is currently being reactivated. </p><p>A preliminary evaluation of the distribution of modern earthquakes in the Valley and Ridge, Blue Ridge and Appalachian Plateau shows that nearly half of the earthquakes are located under lateral ramps. If this observation is true, the presence of ramps may be a useful geological indicator of areas susceptible to seismicity.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(91)90389-A","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Pohn, H., and Coleman, J., 1991, Fold patterns, lateral ramps and seismicity in central Pennsylvania: Tectonophysics, v. 186, no. 1-2, p. 133-149, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90389-A.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"133","endPage":"149","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225029,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"central Pennsylvania","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -77.46613287704162,\n              40.943621812219845\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.46613287704162,\n              39.92274238668335\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.90063171681362,\n              39.92274238668335\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.90063171681362,\n              40.943621812219845\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.46613287704162,\n              40.943621812219845\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"186","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a12aee4b0c8380cd543d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pohn, H. A.","contributorId":6912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pohn","given":"H. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coleman, J.L. Jr.","contributorId":107035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coleman","given":"J.L.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016646,"text":"70016646 - 1991 - Generation of trondhjemite from partial melting of dacite under granulite facies conditions: An example from the New Jersey Highlands, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-27T13:18:07.377783","indexId":"70016646","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generation of trondhjemite from partial melting of dacite under granulite facies conditions: An example from the New Jersey Highlands, USA","docAbstract":"<p>New field and geochemical data place the Losee Metamorphic Suite (a tonalite/trondhjemite complex) of northern New Jersey into the context of a major Proterozoic continental are represented by a discontinuous belt of northern Appalachian metadacite. Samples of Losee rock range from extremely leucocratic trondhjemite locally associated with amphibolite, to banded biotite, hornblende, pyroxene, and garnet-bearing tonalites. The major element and REE composition of the tonalite closely resembles dacite from continental are settings and model melts extracted from an eclogite residue by partial melting at 15 kbar. The REE composition of most Losee trondhjemite is enriched in REE, particularly HREE, compared with Losee tonalite, and is interpreted as the product of local anatectic melting of Losee tonalite (metadacite) that occurred in a granulite facies environment during the Grenville orogeny.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(91)90096-S","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Puffer, J., and Volkert, R., 1991, Generation of trondhjemite from partial melting of dacite under granulite facies conditions: An example from the New Jersey Highlands, USA: Precambrian Research, v. 51, no. 1-4, p. 115-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(91)90096-S.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"125","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224596,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"northern New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -74.76337278232924,\n              41.33066313643303\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.76337278232924,\n              40.35319251497154\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.99308133757697,\n              40.35319251497154\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.99308133757697,\n              41.33066313643303\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.76337278232924,\n              41.33066313643303\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1555e4b0c8380cd54d77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Puffer, J.H.","contributorId":6918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puffer","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Volkert, R.A.","contributorId":90799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Volkert","given":"R.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016414,"text":"70016414 - 1991 - Tectonic development of passive continental margins of the southern and central Red Sea with a comparison to Wilkes Land, Antarctica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T15:54:28.169293","indexId":"70016414","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tectonic development of passive continental margins of the southern and central Red Sea with a comparison to Wilkes Land, Antarctica","docAbstract":"<p><span>The continental margins of the southern and central Red Sea and most of Wilkes Land, Antarctica have bulk crustal configurations and detailed structures that are best explained by a prolonged history of magmatic expansion that followed a brief, but intense period of mechanical extension. Extension on the Red Sea margins was spatially confined to a rift that was 20–30 km in width. The rifting phase along the Arabian margin of the central and southern Red Sea occurred 25–32 Ma ago, primarily by detachment faulting at upper crustal levels and ductile uniform stretching at depth. Rifting was followed by an early magmatic phase during which the margin was invaded by dikes and plutons, primarily of gabbro and diorite, at 20–24 Ma, after the crust was mechanically thinned from 40 km to ≈ 20 km. We infer continued spreading after that in which broad shelves were formed by a process of magmatic expansion, because the offshore crust is only 8–15 km thick, including sediment, and seismic reflection data do not depict horst and graben or half graben structures from which mechanical extension might be inferred. The Wilkes Land margin is similar to the Arabian example. The margin is about 150 km in width, the amount of upper crustal extension is too low to explain the change in sub-sediment crustal thickness from ≈ 35 km on the mainland to &lt; 10 km beneath the margin and reflectors in the deepest seismic sequence are nearly flat lying. Our model requires large volumes of melt in the early stages of continental rifting. The voluminous melt might be partly a product of nearby hot spots, such as Afar and partly the result of an initial period of partial fusion in the deep continental lithosphere under lower temperatures than ordinarily required by dry solidus conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(91)90148-L","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Bohannon, R.G., and Eittreim, S., 1991, Tectonic development of passive continental margins of the southern and central Red Sea with a comparison to Wilkes Land, Antarctica: Tectonophysics, v. 198, no. 2-4, p. 129-154, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(91)90148-L.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"129","endPage":"154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223367,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"198","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba45be4b08c986b3202a2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohannon, R. G.","contributorId":61808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohannon","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eittreim, S.L.","contributorId":98730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eittreim","given":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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