{"pageNumber":"1390","pageRowStart":"34725","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46733,"records":[{"id":70184425,"text":"70184425 - 1993 - Cytonuclear genetic architecture in mosquitofish populations and the possible roles of introgressive hybridization","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T14:46:28","indexId":"70184425","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cytonuclear genetic architecture in mosquitofish populations and the possible roles of introgressive hybridization","docAbstract":"<p><span>Spatial genetic structure in populations of mosquitofish (</span><i>Gambusia</i><span>) sampled throughout the south-eastern United States was characterized using mitochondrial (mt) DNA and allozyme markers. Both sets of data revealed a pronounced genetic discontinuity (along a broad path extending from south-eastern Mississippi to north-eastern Georgia) that corresponds to a recently recognized distinction between the nominal forms </span><i>G. affinis</i><span> to the west and </span><i>G. holbrooki</i><span>to the east. However, several populations from the general contact region exhibited unusual allelic associations in high frequency, suggestive of evolutionary processes within a zone of introgressive hybridization. These involve: (i) cytonuclear profiles representing combinations of nuclear and mitochondrial genotypes that tended to be more nearly species-specific and concordant elsewhere; and (ii) significant nuclear gametic disequilibria, perhaps attributable to positive assortative mating and/or differential fitnesses of homospecific vs. recombinant genotypes. However, outside this suspected hybrid region, ‘heterospecific’ genetic markers also appeared in low frequency, thus complicating interpretations. These discordant alleles on a broader geographic scale may reflect: (a) the retention of polymorphisms from an ancestral gene pool; (b) occasional evolutionary convergence (especially with respect to electrophoretic mobility of allozyme alleles); (c) the ‘footprints’ of a moving hybrid zone; or (d) differential introgressive penetrance across the current hybrid region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00103.x","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., and Avise, J.C., 1993, Cytonuclear genetic architecture in mosquitofish populations and the possible roles of introgressive hybridization: Molecular Ecology, v. 2, no. 3, p. 139-149, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00103.x.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"139","endPage":"149","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":479507,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1zz768mc","text":"External Repository"},{"id":337128,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2008-04-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12664e4b014cc3a3d3531","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":681444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Avise, John C.","contributorId":182338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avise","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017915,"text":"70017915 - 1993 - Response of a 42-storey steel-frame building to the Ms = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-17T16:10:00.194042","indexId":"70017915","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1518,"text":"Engineering Structures","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Response of a 42-storey steel-frame building to the M<sub>s</sub> = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake","title":"Response of a 42-storey steel-frame building to the Ms = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake","docAbstract":"<p><span>A set of 14 acceleration records was obtained from a 42-storey steel-frame building, the Chevron Building, in San Francisco during the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>M</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>s</mn></msub><mtext>= 7.1</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">M<sub>s</sub>= 7.1</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;Loma Prieta earthquake of 17 October 1989. Data were analysed using a system identification method based on the discretetime linear filtering, and the least-squares estimation techniques. The results show that the response of the building is dominated by two modes: a translational mode in the weaker (southwest-northeast) principal direction of the building at 0.16 Hz with 5% damping, and a translational-torsional mode along the east-west diagonal of the building's cross-section at 0.20 Hz with 7% damping. There are significant contributions from higher modes at 0.54 Hz, 0.62 Hz, 1.02 Hz and 1.09 Hz. All the modes incorporate some torsion, but the amplitudes of torsional components are small, about 10% of translational amplitudes. Soil-structure interaction influences the vibrations near 1.0 Hz. The contribution of soil-structure interaction to the peak displacements of the building is significant, particularly at lower floors.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0141-0296(93)90059-D","usgsCitation":"Safak, E., 1993, Response of a 42-storey steel-frame building to the Ms = 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake: Engineering Structures, v. 15, no. 6, p. 403-421, https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(93)90059-D.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"403","endPage":"421","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"Chevron Building","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.40030911026395,\n              37.78930111764765\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40006144607858,\n              37.789483176048705\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40046283022482,\n              37.78981227881336\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40068482596894,\n              37.78961088851446\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.40030911026395,\n              37.78930111764765\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaa25e4b0c8380cd86186","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Safak, E.","contributorId":104070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Safak","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018296,"text":"70018296 - 1993 - Seismic reflection profiling across Tertiary extensional structures in the eastern Amargosa Desert, southern Nevada, Basin and Range province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-26T13:06:42.061882","indexId":"70018296","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic reflection profiling across Tertiary extensional structures in the eastern Amargosa Desert, southern Nevada, Basin and Range province","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15007931\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Outcrops, shallow well control, and coincident geophysical surveys are used to interpret a seismic reflection profile in the Amargosa Desert, within the Basin and Range province, of southern Nevada. The east-west-trending, 27-km-long seismic line crosses all or parts of three Tertiary subbasins, revealing that basin growth occurred by progressive shifts of basin-bounding faults. The reflection line images Tertiary strata that is rotated by steeply dipping listric faults and that noses into normal faults. A shallow (less than 100 to 200 m deep), laterally continuous, flat-lying, low-frequency reflector, interpreted as a Tertiary basalt flow, suggests that little vertical deformation has occurred within the easternmost of the small Tertiary basins since the eruption of the flow about 10 million years ago. Moderately dipping reflections within the pre-Tertiary bedrock may image Mesozoic thrust faults. The reflection data indicate that, whereas the top of the reflective lower crust shallows to the west, possibly in the direction of increasing crustal extension, the Moho is relatively flat between 30 and 33 km deep. Apparent bright-spot reflections from the lower crust are interpreted as evidence for ductile shearing of the lower crust, not for active magma chambers. Doming of the lower crust resembles that observed elsewhere in the Basin and Range province and is consistent with ductile flow in the lower crust.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0030:SRPATE>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., Carr, M.D., Fox, K., and Hart, P., 1993, Seismic reflection profiling across Tertiary extensional structures in the eastern Amargosa Desert, southern Nevada, Basin and Range province: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, no. 1, p. 30-46, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1993)105<0030:SRPATE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"46","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227329,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b48e4b08c986b317714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, M. D.","contributorId":51767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fox, K. F. Jr.","contributorId":46554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fox","given":"K. F.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018232,"text":"70018232 - 1993 - Use of principal-component, correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression analyses to investigate selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-06T16:37:56.888342","indexId":"70018232","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of principal-component, correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression analyses to investigate selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers","docAbstract":"<p><span>Correlation analysis in conjunction with principal-component and multiple-regression analyses were applied to laboratory chemical and petrographic data to assess the usefulness of these techniques in evaluating selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers in central Pennsylvania. Correlation and principal-component analyses were used to establish relations and associations among variables, to determine dimensions of property variation of samples, and to filter the variables containing similar information. Principal-component and correlation analyses showed that porosity is related to other measured variables and that permeability is most related to porosity and grain size. Four principal components are found to be significant in explaining the variance of data. Stepwise multiple-regression analysis was used to see how well the measured variables could predict porosity and (or) permeability for this suite of rocks. The variation in permeability and porosity is not totally predicted by the other variables, but the regression is significant at the 5% significance level.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(93)90080-S","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.E., 1993, Use of principal-component, correlation, and stepwise multiple-regression analyses to investigate selected physical and hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock aquifers: Journal of Hydrology, v. 147, no. 1-4, p. 169-195, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90080-S.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"169","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227146,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"147","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbf5de4b08c986b329b00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, C. Erwin","contributorId":96261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Erwin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018284,"text":"70018284 - 1993 - Solubility-product constant and thermodynamic properties for synthetic otavite, CdCO3(s), and aqueous association constants for the Cd(II)-CO2-H2O system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T17:56:13.693805","indexId":"70018284","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Solubility-product constant and thermodynamic properties for synthetic otavite, CdCO<i>3(s)</i>, and aqueous association constants for the Cd(II)-CO<sub>2</sub>-H<sub>2</sub>O system","title":"Solubility-product constant and thermodynamic properties for synthetic otavite, CdCO3(s), and aqueous association constants for the Cd(II)-CO2-H2O system","docAbstract":"<p><span>Considerable disparity exists in the published thermodynamic data for selected species in the Cd(II)-CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-H</span><sub>2</sub><span>O system near 25°C and 1 atm pressure. Evaluation of published experimental and estimated data for aqueous cadmium-carbonate species suggests an association constant,&nbsp;</span><i>pK</i><span>, of −3.0 ± 0.4 for CdCO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>0</sup><span>, about −1.5 for CdHCO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup><span>, and −6.4 ± 0.1 for Cd(CO</span><sub>3</sub><span>)</span><sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;= 298.15&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>;&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 1 atm;&nbsp;</span><i>I</i><span>&nbsp;= 0). Examination of all available data for cadmium-hydrolysis species and&nbsp;</span><i>β</i><span>-</span><i>Cd</i><span>(</span><i>OH</i><span>)</span><sub>2(<i>s</i>)</sub><span>) confirms that the consistent set of constants presented by&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">Baes</span><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">Mesmer</span><span>&nbsp;(</span><i>Hydrolysis of Cations</i><span>, 1976) is the best available. The solubility of synthetic otavite, CdCO</span><sub>3(s)</sub><span>, has been measured in KClO</span><sub>4</sub><span>&nbsp;solutions where&nbsp;</span><i>I</i><span>&nbsp;≤ 0.1&nbsp;</span><i>M</i><span>. We calculated&nbsp;</span><i>pK</i><sub><i>sp</i></sub><span>&nbsp;= 12.1 ± 0.1 (</span><i>T</i><span>&nbsp;= 25.0°</span><i>C</i><span>;&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;= 1 atm;&nbsp;</span><i>I</i><span>&nbsp;= 0) from measured concentrations of Cd</span><sup>2+</sup><span>, measured&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><sub><i>C</i>02</sub><span>&nbsp;and pH, our selected set of equilibrium constants, and activity corrections estimated using the Davies equation. Values at 5 and 50°C were 12.4 ± 0.1 and 12.2 ± 0.1, respectively. Based on the new solubility data and the CODATA key values for Cd</span><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;and CO</span><sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>, a new set of thermodynamic properties is recommended for otavite:&nbsp;</span><i>ΔG</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;= −674.7 ± 0.6&nbsp;</span><i>kJ</i><span>/</span><i>mol</i><span>;&nbsp;</span><i>ΔH</i><sub><i>f</i></sub><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;= −751.9 ± 10&nbsp;</span><i>kJ</i><span>/</span><i>mol</i><span>;&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;= 106 ± 30 J/mol K; and&nbsp;</span><i>ΔG</i><sub><i>r</i></sub><sup>0</sup><span>&nbsp;for the reaction&nbsp;</span><i>Cd</i><sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;+&nbsp;</span><i>CO</i><sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup><span>&nbsp;⇌&nbsp;</span><i>CdCO</i><sub>3</sub><span>(</span><i>s</i><span>)&nbsp;</span><i>is</i><span>&nbsp;−69.08 ± 0.57&nbsp;</span><i>kJ</i><span>/</span><i>mol.</i></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90384-9","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Stipp, S., Parks, G.A., Nordstrom, D.K., and Leckie, J., 1993, Solubility-product constant and thermodynamic properties for synthetic otavite, CdCO3(s), and aqueous association constants for the Cd(II)-CO2-H2O system: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 12, p. 2699-2713, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90384-9.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"2699","endPage":"2713","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480318,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90384-9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":227150,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9249e4b08c986b319dfd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stipp, S.L.S.","contributorId":93642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stipp","given":"S.L.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parks, George A.","contributorId":41433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":379102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leckie, J.O.","contributorId":32692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leckie","given":"J.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":68267,"text":"ha722H - 1993 - Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Geohydrology of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-08T19:26:42.743567","indexId":"ha722H","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":318,"text":"Hydrologic Atlas","code":"HA","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"722","chapter":"H","title":"Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Geohydrology of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of the investigation is to provide a description of the principal geohydrologic systems in Upper Cambrian through Lower Cretaceous rocks in Kansas. This investigation was made as part of the Central Midwest Regional Aquifer-System Analysis (CMRASA). The CMRASA is one of several major investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey of regional aquifer systems in the United States. These regional investigations are designed to increase knowledge of the flow regime and hydrologic properties of major aquifer systems and to provide quantitative information for the assessment, development, and management of water supplies. The CMRASA study area includes all or parts of 10 Central Midwestern States (Jorgensen and Signor, 1981), as shown of the envelope cover.</p><p><br>This Hydrologic Investigations Atlas, which consists of a series of chapters, presents a description of the physical framework and geohydrology of principal aquifers and confining systems in Kansas. Chapter H presents the geohydrology of the upper aquifer unit in the Western Interior Plains aquifer system. The physical framework of the aquifer system in relation to other systems is described by maps and sections showing areal extent and the thickness of rocks that compose the unit. The physical framework of the upper aquifer unit is described in detail in chapter D of the atlas (Hansen and others, in press). The hydrology of the system in relation to that of other systems is described in this chapter by maps showing the altitude of fluid levels and the direction of water movement within the unit. The chemical composition of water in the system is described by maps that show the distribution of dissolved-solids concentrations and the differences in water types on the basis of principal chemical constituents. Chapter A of this atlas series (Wolf and others, 1990) describes the relation of principal geohydrologic systems in Kansas and presents a more detailed discussion of the methods and data used to prepare and ensure consistency among the sets of maps.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ha722H","usgsCitation":"Kenny, J.F., Hansen, C.V., and Wolf, R.J., 1993, Geohydrologic systems in Kansas — Geohydrology of the lower aquifer unit in the western interior plains aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Atlas 722, 2 Plates: 44.64 × 36.72 inches and 46.43 × 39.47 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ha722H.","productDescription":"2 Plates: 44.64 × 36.72 inches and 46.43 × 39.47 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400186,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_16151.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":266329,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/722h/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":266330,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/722h/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":188473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/722h/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United 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F.","contributorId":100378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kenny","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":277935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wolf, R. J.","contributorId":21518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolf","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":277936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018266,"text":"70018266 - 1993 - Preliminary evaluation of effects of best management practices in the Black Earth Creek, Wisconsin, priority watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:27","indexId":"70018266","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary evaluation of effects of best management practices in the Black Earth Creek, Wisconsin, priority watershed","docAbstract":"Nonpoint-source contamination accounts for a substantial part of the water quality problems in many watersheds. The Wisconsin Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Abatement Program provides matching money for voluntary implementation of various best management practices (BMPs). The effectiveness of BMPs on a drainage-basin scale has not been adequately assessed in Wisconsin by use of data collected before and after BMP implementation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, monitored water quality in the Black Earth Creek watershed in southern Wisconsin from October 1984 through September 1986 (pre-BMP conditions). BMP implementation began during the summer of 1989 and is planned to continue through 1993. Data collection resumed in fall 1989 and is intended to provide information during the transitional period of BMP implementation (1990-93) and 2 years of post-BMP conditions (1994-95). Preliminary results presented for two subbasins in toe Black Earth Creek watershed (Brewery and Garfoot Creeks) are based on data collected during pre-BMP conditions and the first 3 years of the transitional period. The analysis includes the use of regressions to control for natural variability in the data and, hence, enhance the ability to detect changes. Data collected to date (1992) indicate statistically significant differences in storm mass transport of suspended sediment and ammonia nitrogen at Brewery Creek. The central tendency of the regression residuals has decreased with the implementation of BMPs; hence, the improvement in water quality in the Brewery Creek watershed is likely a result of BMP implementation. Differences in storm mass transport at Garfoot Creek were not detected, primarily because of an insufficient number of storms in the transitional period. As practice implementation continues, the additional data will be used to determine the level of management which results in significant improvements in water quality in the two watersheds. Future research will address techniques for including snowmelt runoff and early spring storms.Nonpoint-source contamination accounts for a substantial part of the water quality problems in many watersheds. The Wisconsin Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Abatement Program provides matching money for voluntary implementation of various best management practices (BMPs). The effectiveness of BMP s on a drainage-basin scale has not been adequately assessed in Wisconsin by use of data collected before and after BMP implementation. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, monitored water quality in the Black Earth Creek watershed in southern Wisconsin from October 1984 through September 1986 (pre-BMP conditions). BMP implementation began during the summer of 1989 and is planned to continue through 1993. Data collection resumed in fall 1989 and is intended to provide information during the transitional period of BMP implementation (1990-93) and 2 years of post-BMP conditions (1994-95). Preliminary results presented for two subbasins in the Black Earth Creek watershed (Brewery and Garfoot Creeks) are based on data collected during pre-BMP conditions and the first 3 years of the transitional period. The analysis includes the use of regressions to control for natural variability in the data and, hence, enhance the ability to detect changes. Data collected to date (1992) indicate statistically significant differences in storm mass transport of suspended sediment and ammonia nitrogen at Brewery Creek. The central tendency of the regression residuals has decreased with the implementation of BMPs; hence, the improvement in water quality in the Brewery Creek watershed is likely a result of BMP implementation. Differences in storm mass transport at Garfoot Creek were not detected, primarily because of an insufficient number of storms in the transitional period. As practice implementation continues, the addit","largerWorkTitle":"Water Science and Technology","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the IAWQ 1st International Conference on Diffuse (Nonpoint) Pollution: Sources, Prevention, Impact, Abatement","conferenceDate":"19 September 1993 through 24 September 1993","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL, USA","language":"English","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Walker, J., and Graczyk, D., 1993, Preliminary evaluation of effects of best management practices in the Black Earth Creek, Wisconsin, priority watershed, <i>in</i> Water Science and Technology, v. 28, no. 3-5, Chicago, IL, USA, 19 September 1993 through 24 September 1993, p. 539-548.","startPage":"539","endPage":"548","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"3-5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a83f6e4b0c8380cd7c21d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Olem, H.","contributorId":112359,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olem","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":508653,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Walker, J.F.","contributorId":86743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graczyk, D.J.","contributorId":108119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018332,"text":"70018332 - 1993 - Isotopic and trace element variability in altered and unaltered tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018332","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Isotopic and trace element variability in altered and unaltered tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Reference stratigraphic sections near Yucca Mountain, Nevada were established and sampled in outcrop areas where the volcanic rocks have been minimally altered. Isotopic and trace element analyses obtained for these reference sections are baseline data for assessing the degree and extent of element mobility attendant with past zonal alteration of the rock mass. In agreement with earlier studies, zeolitization is shown to have occurred under wholesale open-system conditions. Calcium was increased by two three times the baseline values and strontium up to twenty times. In contrast, barium displays less variability, and the high-field strength elements zirconium and titanium were the least mobile during zeolitization. The data reported here establish the usefulness of reference sections of assessing past elements mobility. The information gained will be helpful in predicting possible future element mobility induced by thermally activated fluids in the near field of a potential repository.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Peterman, Z.E., Spengler, R., Singer, F., and Dickerson, R., 1993, Isotopic and trace element variability in altered and unaltered tuffs at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 1940-1947.","startPage":"1940","endPage":"1947","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227152,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f99e4b0c8380cd6464c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterman, Z. E.","contributorId":63781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spengler, R.W.","contributorId":7281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spengler","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Singer, F.R.","contributorId":89559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Singer","given":"F.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dickerson, R. P.","contributorId":23968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickerson","given":"R. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70018328,"text":"70018328 - 1993 - Quality assurance and quality control in monitoring programs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018328","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quality assurance and quality control in monitoring programs","docAbstract":"There are three general characteristics of the data to be collected in a monitoring program that should be met in order to maximize the use and value of the data: the data quality should be known the data type and quality should be consistent and comparable, and the data should be available and accessible. Potential problems with each of these characteristics are addressed effectively by quality assurance and quality control. One of the most important aspects of quality assurance in a monitoring program is the development of a quality assurance plan, which should identify clearly the quality of the data needed and describe in detail the planned actions to provide confidence that the program will meet its stated objectives. Quality control data, which allow for the quality and suitability of the environmental data to be evaluated and ascertained, should be collected and utilized as an integral part of the QA effort associated with a monitoring program.","largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","language":"English","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Shampine, W., 1993, Quality assurance and quality control in monitoring programs, <i>in</i> Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 26, no. 2-3, p. 143-151.","startPage":"143","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227106,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9085e4b0c8380cd7fdb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shampine, W. J.","contributorId":16023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shampine","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70018234,"text":"70018234 - 1993 - Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy Bay, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-16T17:36:46.879593","indexId":"70018234","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1552,"text":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","onlineIssn":"1573-2959","printIssn":"0167-6369","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy Bay, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"<p>Measurement of the rate and direction of ground water flow beneath Wollaston Beach, Quincy, Massachusetts by use of a heat-pulsing flowmeter shows a mean velocity in the bulk sediment of 40 cm d<sup>−1</sup>. The estimated total discharge of ground water into Quincy Bay during October 1990 was 1324–2177 m<sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>d<sup>−1</sup>, a relatively low ground water discharge rate. The tides have only a moderate effect on the rate and direction of this flow. Other important controls on the rate and volume of ground water flow are the limited thickness, geographic extent, and permeability of the aquifer. Comparisons of published streamflow data and estimates of ground water discharge indicate that ground water makes up between 7.4–12.1% of the gaged freshwater input into Quincy Bay. The data from this study suggest the ground water discharge is a less important recharge component to Quincy Bay than predicted by National Urban Runoff Program (NURP) models.</p><p>The high nitrate and low nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the ground water at the backshore well sites and low nitrate and high nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the water flowing from the foreshore suggests that denitrification is active in the sediments. The low ground water flow rates and low nitrate concentrations in the foreshore samples suggest that little or no nitrate is surviving the denitrification process to affect the planktonic community. Similarly, oxidizing conditions in the aquifer and low trace metal concentrations in the ground water samples suggest that the metals may be precipitating and binding to sedimentary phases before impacting the bay.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00549789","issn":"01676369","usgsCitation":"Poppe, L., and Moffett, A., 1993, Ground water discharge and the related nutrient and trace metal fluxes into Quincy Bay, Massachusetts: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, v. 25, no. 1, p. 15-27, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00549789.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"27","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227148,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2aade4b0c8380cd5b390","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moffett, A.M.","contributorId":54625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffett","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187631,"text":"70187631 - 1993 - Using multisource data in global land-cover characterization: concepts, requirements, and methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T13:18:09","indexId":"70187631","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multisource data in global land-cover characterization: concepts, requirements, and methods","docAbstract":"<p>Global land-cover data are needed as baseline information for global change&nbsp;research. Multisource data, both coarse resolution satellite data and ancillary data, were used to produce a land-cover characteristics database for the conterqinous United States. Ancillary data, including elevation and ecological region data sets, were critical to the development, refinement, and information content of each class in the database. They contributed essential evidence for labeling and refining land-cover classes where differing types were represented by single spectral-temporal signatures. The characterization process can be expanded to a global effort depending on (1) the availability of global satellite coverage, (2) the quality and availability of ancillary data, and (3) the evolution of more sophisticated data visualization and analysis techniques.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.F., Loveland, T.R., Merchant, J.W., Reed, B.C., and Ohlen, D.O., 1993, Using multisource data in global land-cover characterization: concepts, requirements, and methods: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 59, no. 6, p. 977-987.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"987","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591570d0e4b01a342e691425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merchant, James W.","contributorId":7858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merchant","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ohlen, Donald O. ohlen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"Donald","email":"ohlen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70018279,"text":"70018279 - 1993 - U.S. Geological Survey bedload sampling policy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018279","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey bedload sampling policy","docAbstract":"During the late 1960's, the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Water Resources Division (WRD) developed the Helley-Smith bedload sampler. Since then, the USGS and the Technical Committee of the Federal Interagency Subcommittee on Sedimentation (Technical Committee) have performed extensive flume and field studies concerning the calibration and use of bedload samplers. The policy and guidelines described in this paper are the results of this effort and are the current USGS policy and guidelines for the collection of bedload data.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Glysson, G.D., 1993, U.S. Geological Survey bedload sampling policy, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 701-706.","startPage":"701","endPage":"706","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227102,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbaa0e4b08c986b328281","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glysson, G. Douglas","contributorId":13607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glysson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Douglas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1000671,"text":"1000671 - 1993 - Energy budget for yearling lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-11T11:02:41.311438","indexId":"1000671","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Energy budget for yearling lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush","docAbstract":"<div class=\"hlFld-Abstract\"><p class=\"last\">Components of the energy budget of yearling lake trout (<u class=\"uu\">Salvelinus namacush</u>) were derived from data gathered in laboratory growth and metabolism studies; values for energy lost as waste were estimated with previously published equations. Because the total caloric value of food consumed by experimental lake trout was significantly different during the two years in which the studies were done, separate annual energy budgets were formulated. The gross conversion efficiency in yearling lake trout fed ad libitum rations of alewives at 10°C was 26.6% to 41%. The distribution of energy with temperature was similar for each component of the energy budget. Highest conversion efficiencies were observed in fish fed less than ad libitum rations; fish fed an amount of food equivalent to about 4% of their body weight at 10°C had a conversion efficiency of 33% to 45.1%. Physiologically useful energy was 76.1–80.1% of the total energy consumed. Estimated growth for age-I and -II lake fish was near that observed for laboratory fish held at lake temperatures and fed reduced rations.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1993.9664871","usgsCitation":"Rottiers, D.V., 1993, Energy budget for yearling lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 8, no. 4, p. 319-327, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1993.9664871.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"327","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133370,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db60296e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rottiers, Donald V.","contributorId":10754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rottiers","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":309064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70186280,"text":"70186280 - 1993 - Great Basin NP and USGS cooperate on a geologic mapping program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-03T14:06:06","indexId":"70186280","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3014,"text":"Park Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great Basin NP and USGS cooperate on a geologic mapping program","docAbstract":"<p>The GRBA draft General Management Plan proposes development in several locations in Kious Spring and Lehman Caves 1:24,000 topographic quadrangles, and these proposed developments need geologic evaluation before construction. Brown will act as project manager to coordinate the IA with time frames, budget constraints, and the timely preparation of required maps, reports, and GIS data sets. In addition to having been an interpretive Ranger-Naturalist in two National Parks, Brown has published USGS interpretive geologic maps and USGS bulletins. Her research includes sedimentologic, stratigraphic, and structural analyses of Laramide intermontane basins in the Westem Interior.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.L., and Davila, V., 1993, Great Basin NP and USGS cooperate on a geologic mapping program: Park Science, v. 13, no. 2, p. 6-7.","productDescription":"2 p. ","startPage":"6","endPage":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":339064,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"13","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e35f92e4b09da67997ed1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Janet L.","contributorId":107753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davila, Vidal Jr.","contributorId":190309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davila","given":"Vidal","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":688134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70156291,"text":"70156291 - 1993 - Patterns of orographic uplift in the Sierra Nevada and their relationship to upper-level atmospheric circulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:47:47","indexId":"70156291","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Patterns of orographic uplift in the Sierra Nevada and their relationship to upper-level atmospheric circulation","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examine monthly and seasonal patterns of precipitation across various elevations of the eastern Central Valley of California and the Sierra Nevada. A measure of the strength of the orographic effect called the &ldquo;precipitation ratio&rdquo; is calculated, and we separate months into four groups based on being wet or dry and having low or high precipitation ratios. Using monthly maps of mean 700-mb height anomalies, we describe the northern hemisphere mid-tropospheric circulation patterns associated with each of the four groups. Wet months are associated with negative height anomalies over the eastern Pacific, as expected. However, the orientation of the trough is different for years with high and low precipitation ratios. Wet months with high ratios typically have circulation patterns factoring a west-southwest to east-northeast storm track from around the Hawaiian Islands to the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Wet months with low precipitation ratios are associated with a trough centered near the Aleutians and a northwest to southeast storm track. Dry months are marked by anticyclones in the Pacific, but this feature is more localized to the eastern Pacific for months with low precipitation ratios than for those with high ratios. Using precipitation gauge and snow course data from the American River and Truckee-Tahoe basins, we determined that the strength of the orographic effect on a seasonal basis is spatially coherent at low and high elevations and on opposite sides of the Sierra Nevada crestline.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the ninth annual pacific climate (PACLIM) workshop","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Ninth annual pacific climate (PACLIM) workshop","conferenceDate":"April 21-24, 1992","conferenceLocation":"Asilomar, CA","language":"English","publisher":"California Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Aguado, E., Cayan, D.R., Reece, B.D., and Riddle, L., 1993, Patterns of orographic uplift in the Sierra Nevada and their relationship to upper-level atmospheric circulation, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the ninth annual pacific climate (PACLIM) workshop, Asilomar, CA, April 21-24, 1992, p. 153-163.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"163","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307003,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada, Central Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.62939453125001,\n              40.22921818870117\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.32226562500001,\n              40.51379915504413\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.06982421874999,\n              38.30718056188316\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.3779296875,\n              35.47856499535729\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.49853515625,\n              35.0120020431607\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.28955078124999,\n              35.37113502280101\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.35498046875,\n              37.24782120155428\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.18994140624999,\n              38.71980474264239\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.3876953125,\n              39.18117526158749\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.54150390625,\n              39.62261494094297\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.62939453125001,\n              40.22921818870117\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889bde4b0589fa1c6bade","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aguado, Edward","contributorId":146639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aguado","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cayan, Daniel R. 0000-0002-2719-6811 drcayan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2719-6811","contributorId":1494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cayan","given":"Daniel","email":"drcayan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reece, Brian D. bdreece@usgs.gov","contributorId":2129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reece","given":"Brian","email":"bdreece@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":568540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riddle, Larry","contributorId":146638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Riddle","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017361,"text":"70017361 - 1993 - Seismic responses of two adjacent buildings. II. Interaction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-14T19:44:53","indexId":"70017361","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2467,"text":"Journal of Structural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismic responses of two adjacent buildings. II. Interaction","docAbstract":"Presented in this part of the two-part paper is a study of the relations between earthquake motions recorded from two, adjacent, seven-story buildings, from a downhole below the foundation of one of the buildings and from three free-field sites, all within one city block. This unique data set was obtained during the Whittier-Narrows, Calif. earthquake of Oct. 1, 1987, Part I includes background information on the two buildings, the site, and the data set. Building response characteristics of a code-type instrumented building (A) and an extensively instrumented building (B) are also studied. In this part, spectral analysis techniques are used to study the relationships between the motions of the roofs and basements, the downhole and the free-field sites. It is asserted that there is building-soil-building interaction between the two buildings at a frequency of 2.35 Hz. Furthermore, the free-field motions are shown to be influenced by the presence of the buildings.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Structural Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:8(2477)","issn":"07339445","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., 1993, Seismic responses of two adjacent buildings. II. Interaction: Journal of Structural Engineering, v. 119, no. 8, p. 2477-2492, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:8(2477).","startPage":"2477","endPage":"2492","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269377,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1993)119:8(2477)"}],"volume":"119","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b5de4b08c986b3177a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017345,"text":"70017345 - 1993 - Prediction of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017345","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins","docAbstract":"To estimate the undiscovered hydrocarbon potential of sedimentary basins, quantitative play assessments specific for each location in a region may be obtained using geostatistical methods combined with the theory of classification of geological objects, a methodology referred to as regionalization. The technique relies on process modeling and measured borehole data as well as probabilistic methods to exploit the relationship between geology (the \"predictor\") and known hydrocarbon productivity (the \"target\") to define prospective stratigraphic intervals within a basin. It is demonstrated in case studies from the oil-producing region of the western Kansas Pennsylvanian Shelf and the gas-bearing Rotliegend sediments of the Northeast German Basin. ?? 1993 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00891051","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Harff, J., Davis, J., and Eiserbeck, W., 1993, Prediction of hydrocarbons in sedimentary basins: Mathematical Geology, v. 25, no. 7, p. 925-936, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00891051.","startPage":"925","endPage":"936","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205580,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891051"},{"id":224978,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81efe4b0c8380cd7b7ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harff, J.E.","contributorId":82068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harff","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.C.","contributorId":72121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eiserbeck, W.","contributorId":80017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eiserbeck","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018280,"text":"70018280 - 1993 - Geophysical investigations of concealed faults near Yucca Mountain, Southwest Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:24","indexId":"70018280","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geophysical investigations of concealed faults near Yucca Mountain, Southwest Nevada","docAbstract":"Detailed gravity and ground magnetic data collected along surveyed traverses across Midway Valley, on the eastern flank of Yucca Mountain, Nevada reveal that these methods can be used to delineate concealed faults. These studies are part of an effort to evaluate faulting in the vicinity of the proposed surface facilities for a potential nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain. The largest gravity and magnetic anomaly in the vicinity of Midway Valley is associated with the Paintbrush fault on the west flank of Alice Ridge. Geophysical data infer a vertical offset of about 200 m (650 ft). Another prominent gravity and magnetic anomaly is associated with the Bow Ridge fault in the western part of Midway Valley.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D., 1993, Geophysical investigations of concealed faults near Yucca Mountain, Southwest Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 168-174.","startPage":"168","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227103,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2832e4b0c8380cd59f02","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, D. A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017695,"text":"70017695 - 1993 - Plans for a sensitivity analysis of bridge-scour computations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017695","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Plans for a sensitivity analysis of bridge-scour computations","docAbstract":"Plans for an analysis of the sensitivity of Level 2 bridge-scour computations are described. Cross-section data from 15 bridge sites in Texas are modified to reflect four levels of field effort ranging from no field surveys to complete surveys. Data from United States Geological Survey (USGS) topographic maps will be used to supplement incomplete field surveys. The cross sections are used to compute the water-surface profile through each bridge for several T-year recurrence-interval design discharges. The effect of determining the downstream energy grade-line slope from topographic maps is investigated by systematically varying the starting slope of each profile. The water-surface profile analyses are then used to compute potential scour resulting from each of the design discharges. The planned results will be presented in the form of exceedance-probability versus scour-depth plots with the maximum and minimum scour depths at each T-year discharge presented as error bars.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 1993 National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering. Part 1 (of 2)","conferenceDate":"25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629201","usgsCitation":"Dunn, D., and Smith, P.N., 1993, Plans for a sensitivity analysis of bridge-scour computations, <i>in</i> Proceedings - National Conference on Hydraulic Engineering, no. pt 1, San Francisco, CA, USA, 25 July 1993 through 30 July 1993, p. 773-778.","startPage":"773","endPage":"778","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"pt 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7be3e4b0c8380cd7969b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunn, David D.","contributorId":8461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunn","given":"David D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Peter N.","contributorId":13391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70018274,"text":"70018274 - 1993 - Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the north slope of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-08T16:51:39.977751","indexId":"70018274","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1264,"text":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the north slope of Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>On the North Slope of Alaska, geothermal gradient data are available from high-resolution, equilibrated well-bore surveys and from estimates based on well-log identification of the base of ice-bearing permafrost. A total of 46 North Slope wells, considered to be in or near thermal equilibrium, have been surveyed with high-resolution temperatures devices and geothermal gradients can be interpreted directly from these recorded temperature profiles. To augment the limited North Slope temperature data base, a new method of evaluating local geothermal gradients has been developed. In this method, a series of well-log picks for the base of the ice-bearing permafrost from 102 wells have been used, along with regional temperature constants derived from the high-resolution stabilized well-bore temperature surveys, to project geothermal gradients. Geothermal gradients calculated from the high-resolution temperature surveys generally agree with those projected from known ice-bearing permafrost depths over most of the North Slope. Values in the ice-bearing permafrost range from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>1.5&amp;#xB0;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈1.5°C100m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;in the Prudhoe Bay area to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>4.5&amp;#x3B4;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈4.5<i>δ</i>C100m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;in the east-central portion of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. Geothermal gradients below the ice-bearing permafrost sequence range from&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>1.6&amp;#xB0;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈1.6°C100m</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;to&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>&amp;#x2248;</mtext><mtext>5.2&amp;#xB0;</mtext><mtext>C</mtext><mtext>100</mtext><mtext>m</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">≈5.2°C100m</span></span></span><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0165-232X(93)90071-F","usgsCitation":"Collett, T.S., Bird, K.J., and Magoon, L.B., 1993, Subsurface temperatures and geothermal gradients on the north slope of Alaska: Cold Regions Science and Technology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 275-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-232X(93)90071-F.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"293","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":227020,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.7096068686938,\n              71.69388395024325\n            ],\n            [\n              -167.08712006649446,\n              65.87803877813585\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.90675430350967,\n              65.87803877813585\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.85405574285585,\n              70.95363676700768\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.7096068686938,\n              71.69388395024325\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9d90e4b08c986b31d909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":379067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magoon, Leslie B. lmagoon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoon","given":"Leslie","email":"lmagoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":379066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70018268,"text":"70018268 - 1993 - Acid processing of pre-Tertiary radiolarian cherts and its impact on faunal content and biozonal correlation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-22T13:06:53.745965","indexId":"70018268","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acid processing of pre-Tertiary radiolarian cherts and its impact on faunal content and biozonal correlation","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15575564\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>The numbers of radiolarians visible in thin sections of chert-rich rocks are commonly an order of magnitude greater than the numbers observed on the surfaces of fragments etched by hydrofluoric acid (HF) and typically orders of magnitude greater than the numbers of individuals found in HF-processed residues. Destruction of radiolarians during both diagenesis and HF processing severely reduces faunal abundance and diversity and affects the taxonomic and biostratigraphic utility of chert residues. The robust forms that survive the processing represent only a small fraction of the death assemblage, and delicate skeletal structures used for species differentiation, commonly preserved in limestone radiolarian faunas, are either poorly preserved or dissolved in many coeval chert residues. First and last occurrences of taxa in chert sequences are likely to be coarse approximations of their true stratigraphic ranges. Precise correlation is difficult between biozonations based solely on index species from cherts and those constructed from limestone faunas. Careful selection of samples in sequence, use of weaker HF solutions, and study of both chert and limestone faunas should yield better biostratigraphic information.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0177:APOPTR>2.3.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Blome, C., and Reed, K.M., 1993, Acid processing of pre-Tertiary radiolarian cherts and its impact on faunal content and biozonal correlation: Geology, v. 21, no. 2, p. 177-180, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0177:APOPTR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":227637,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e692e4b0c8380cd474ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blome, C.D.","contributorId":60647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, K. M.","contributorId":93888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":379056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017960,"text":"70017960 - 1993 - Monazite paragenesis and U-Pb systematics in rocks of the eastern Mojave Desert, California, U.S.A.: implications for thermochronometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T18:49:21","indexId":"70017960","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monazite paragenesis and U-Pb systematics in rocks of the eastern Mojave Desert, California, U.S.A.: implications for thermochronometry","docAbstract":"Studies of the paragenesis and U-Pb systematics of monazite in rocks from the eastern Mojave Desert, California, corroborate its potential usefulness as a prograde thermochronometer and in dating granite inheritance. Unmetamorphosed Latham Shale and its equivalents at grades ranging from greenschist to upper amphibolite facies are virtually identical in composition. Monazite is absent in the shale and low-grade schists, but it is abundant in schists at staurolite and higher grades. Lower-grade schists instead include minute Th- and Ce-oxides and unidentified Ce-poor LREE-phosphates that apparently are lower-temperature precursors to monazite. Thus monazite originates when the pelite passes through lower-amphibolite-facies conditions. Monazites from three Upper Cretaceous granites yield ages that are strongly discordant. Upper intercepts of 1.6-1.7 Ga are similar to those defined by U-Pb data for coexisting zircons and coincide with a period of copious magmatism in the Mojave crust. As the host Upper Cretaceous granitic magmas were all above 700??C, effective closure of the restitic monazites to Pb loss must be well in excess of this temperature. U-Pb compositions of monazite from Proterozoic granitoids and schist also indicate high Pb retentivity. Taken together, these studies support the suggestion that monazite can be an effective prograde thermochronometer. At least in pelites, it is not usually retained as a detrital mineral, but rather forms during moderate-temperature metamorphism. Its U-Pb system should not be reset by subsequent higher-grade metamorphism. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(93)90251-D","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Kingsbury, J., Miller, C.F., Wooden, J.L., and Harrison, T., 1993, Monazite paragenesis and U-Pb systematics in rocks of the eastern Mojave Desert, California, U.S.A.: implications for thermochronometry: Chemical Geology, v. 110, no. 1-3, p. 147-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90251-D.","startPage":"147","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266061,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(93)90251-D"},{"id":228358,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d54e4b0c8380cd702f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kingsbury, J.A.","contributorId":21583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, C. F.","contributorId":89971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harrison, T.M.","contributorId":60788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":378042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70017727,"text":"70017727 - 1993 - Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-06T06:30:21","indexId":"70017727","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa","docAbstract":"Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations at public water supply intakes on the Des Moines and Raccoon Rivers in Iowa exceeded the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 mg L-1 for public water supplies established by the USEPA for extended periods of time from March through early August 1990. The excessive NO3-N levels followed 2 yr of less-than normal precipitation in 1988 and 1989. The largest daily NO3-N load (771 t) transported during the last 17 yr in the Raccoon River occurred in June 1990. The streamflow hydrograph for the Raccoon River for March 1990 prior to seasonal fertilizer application indicates that high NO3-N concentrations characterize the recession side of the hydrograph. High NO3-N concentrations in streamflow persisted as streamflow decreased to baseflow conditions. This implies that substantial quantities of NO3-N were being leached from the soil and transported by subsurface flow during early 1990. A multiple linear-regression model was developed to predict NO3-N concentrations in the Raccoon River from readily-obtainable streamflow and climatic data. The four-variable model explained about 70% of the variability in the concentration of NO3-N. The mean streamflow for the previous 7-d period accounted for about 50% of the total variability.","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010005x","issn":"00472425","usgsCitation":"Lucey, K., and Goolsby, D.A., 1993, Effects of climatic variations over 11 years on nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in the Raccoon River, Iowa: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 22, no. 1, p. 38-46, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010005x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"46","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","otherGeospatial":"Raccoon River","volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b2e4b0c8380cd5139a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucey, K.J.","contributorId":70002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucey","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goolsby, D. A.","contributorId":50508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goolsby","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70017346,"text":"70017346 - 1993 - Relationship of geological and geothermal field properties: Midcontinent area, USA, an example","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:47","indexId":"70017346","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2700,"text":"Mathematical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relationship of geological and geothermal field properties: Midcontinent area, USA, an example","docAbstract":"Quantitative approaches to data analysis in the last decade have become important in basin modeling and mineral-resource estimation. The interrelation of geological, geophysical, geochemical, and geohydrological variables is important in adjusting a model to a real-world situation. Revealing the interdependences of variables can contribute in understanding the processes interacting in sedimentary basins. It is reasonably simple to compare spatial data of the same type but more difficult if different properties are involved. Statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis or principal components analysis, or some algebraic approaches can be used to ascertain the relations of standardized spatial data. In this example, structural configuration on five different stratigraphic horizons, one total sediment thickness map, and four maps of geothermal data were copared. As expected, the structural maps are highly related because all had undergone about the same deformation with differing degrees of intensity. The temperature gradients derived (1) from shallow borehole logging measurements under equilibrium conditions with the surrounding rock, and (2) from non-equilibrium bottom-hole temperatures (BHT) from deeper depths are mainly independent of each other. This was expected and confirmed also for the two temperature maps at 1000 ft which were constructed using both types of gradient values. Thus, it is evident that the use of a 2-point (BHT and surface temperature) straightline calculation of a mean temperature gradient gives different information about the geothermal regime than using gradients from temperatures logged under equilibrium conditions. Nevertheless, it is useful to determine to what a degree the larger dataset of nonequilibrium temperatures could reflect quantitative relationships to geologic conditions. Comparing all maps of geothermal information vs. the structural and the sediment thickness maps, it was determined that all correlations are moderately negative or slightly positive. These results are clearly shown by the cluster analysis and the principal components. Considering a close relationship between temperature and thermal conductivity of the sediments as observed for most of the Midcontinent area and relatively homogeneous heat-flow density conditions for the study area these results support the following assumptions: (1) undifferentiated geothermal gradients, computed from temperatures of different depth intervals and differing sediment properties, cannot contribute to an improved understanding of the temperature structure and its controls within the sedimentary cover, and (2) the quantitative approach of revealing such relations needs refined datasets of temperature information valid for the different depth levels or stratigraphic units. ?? 1993 International Association for Mathematical Geology.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mathematical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00891052","issn":"08828121","usgsCitation":"Forster, A., Merriam, D.F., and Brower, J., 1993, Relationship of geological and geothermal field properties: Midcontinent area, USA, an example: Mathematical Geology, v. 25, no. 7, p. 937-947, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00891052.","startPage":"937","endPage":"947","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205590,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00891052"},{"id":225019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a76ee4b0e8fec6cdc468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forster, A.","contributorId":14580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forster","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merriam, D. F.","contributorId":63175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriam","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brower, J.C.","contributorId":37081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brower","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017426,"text":"70017426 - 1993 - Isotopic and trace-element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-01T17:38:43.768487","indexId":"70017426","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and trace-element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia","docAbstract":"<p>We present a tightly controlled and comprehensive set of analytical data for the 250-Ma Siberian flood-basalt province. Consideration of major- and trace-element compositions, along with strontium, lead and neodymium isotopic compositions, strongly supports earlier Russian subdivision of this magmatism into three magmatic cycles, giving rise to three assemblages of eleven basalt suites in the ascending order Ivakinsky-Gudchikhinsky, Khakanchansky-Nadezhdinsky and Morongovsky-Samoedsky. Geochemical and isotopic discontinuities of varying magnitude characterize most of the boundaries between the eleven recognized basalt suites in the Noril'sk area.</p><p>Although we conclude that the dominant volume of erupted magma originated from an asthenospheric mantle plume, none of the lavas is interpreted to directly represent asthenospheric melts, which would have been far more magnesian. On the basis of thermal considerations, we consider it unlikely that vast volumes of basaltic melt were produced directly from the continental lithospheric mantle beneath the Siberian craton. Moreover, there is little evidence from mantle xenoliths that the geochemical signatures of such melts would correspond to those of the Siberian flood basalts. Studies of melt migration lead us to conclude that transport of asthenospheric melt through the lithospheric mantle would be rapid, by fracture propagation. Lavas from the Gudchikhinsky suite have negligible Ta-Nb anomalies and positive<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ϵ</i><sub><i>Nd</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values and their parental magmas presumably interacted little with the continental lithospheric mantle or crust. All other lavas have negative Ta-Nb anomalies and lower<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ϵ</i><sub><i>Nd</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>values that we attribute to interaction with continental crust.</p><p>The model that we have developed requires discrete contributions from the plume and complex processing of all erupted magmas in the continental crust. The earliest magmas represent small percentages of melt formed in equilibrium with garnet. Over time, the percentage of melting in the source region and the volume of magma produced increased, and garnet was no longer stable in the plume source. All of the plume-derived melts initially contained more than 20 wt% MgO and became less Mg rich by fractionation of olivine as they traversed the lithospheric mantle. We conclude, however, that the most significant control on the geochemical and isotopic compositions of all the erupted lavas was processing of mantle-derived magma in crustal reservoirs during periodic replenishment, periodic tapping, continuous crystal fractionation and wallrock assimilation. Rapid eruption of an extremely large volume of processed magma that varied little in chemical and isotopic composition produced the sequence of relatively monotonous tholeiitic basalts that constitute the 2,300-m-thick third assemblage of the Siberian flood-basalt province near Noril'sk.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90149-Q","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Wooden, J.L., Czamanske, G., Fedorenko, V., Arndt, N., Chauvel, C., Bouse, R.M., King, B.S., Knight, R.J., and Siems, D.F., 1993, Isotopic and trace-element constraints on mantle and crustal contributions to Siberian continental flood basalts, Noril'sk area, Siberia: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 15, p. 3677-3704, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90149-Q.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"3677","endPage":"3704","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228703,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f9ae4b0c8380cd6465b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czamanske, G.K.","contributorId":26300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czamanske","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fedorenko, V.A.","contributorId":59961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedorenko","given":"V.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arndt, N.T.","contributorId":95887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arndt","given":"N.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chauvel, C.","contributorId":86914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chauvel","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bouse, R. M.","contributorId":33709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouse","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"King, B. S. W.","contributorId":105438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Knight, R. J.","contributorId":96255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Siems, D. F.","contributorId":101239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siems","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
]}