{"pageNumber":"1391","pageRowStart":"34750","pageSize":"25","recordCount":46733,"records":[{"id":70017900,"text":"70017900 - 1993 - Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana outer continental shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-16T18:52:15","indexId":"70017900","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2926,"text":"Ocean and Coastal Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana outer continental shelf","docAbstract":"This paper describes the general procedures used to select sites for obsolete oil and gas platforms as artificial reefs on the Louisiana outer continental shelf (OCS). The methods employed incorporate six basic steps designed to resolve multiple-use conflicts that might otherwise arise with daily industry and commercial fishery operations, and to identify and assess both geological and technological constraints that could affect placement of the structures. These steps include: (1) exclusion mapping; (2) establishment of artificial reef planning areas; (3) database compilation; (4) assessment and interpretation of database; (5) mapping of geological and man-made features within each proposed reef site; and (6) site selection. Nautical charts, bathymetric maps, and offshore oil and gas maps were used for exclusion mapping, and to select nine regional planning areas. Pipeline maps were acquired from federal agencies and private industry to determine their general locations within each planning area, and to establish exclusion fairways along each pipeline route. Approximately 1600 line kilometers of high-resolution geophysical data collected by federal agencies and private industry was acquired for the nine planning areas. These data were interpreted to determine the nature and extent of near-surface geologic features that could affect placement of the structures. Seismic reflection patterns were also characterized to evaluate near-bottom sedimentation processes in the vicinity of each reef site. Geotechnical borings were used to determine the lithological and physical properties of the sediment, and for correlation with the geophysical data. Since 1987, five sites containing 10 obsolete production platforms have been selected on the Louisiana OCS using these procedures. Industry participants have realized a total savings of approximately US $1 500 000 in salvaging costs by converting these structures into artificial reefs. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ocean and Coastal Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0964-5691(93)90055-4","issn":"09645691","usgsCitation":"Pope, D., Moslow, T., and Wagner, J., 1993, Geological and technological assessment of artificial reef sites, Louisiana outer continental shelf: Ocean and Coastal Management, v. 20, no. 2, p. 121-145, https://doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(93)90055-4.","startPage":"121","endPage":"145","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":229006,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269478,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0964-5691(93)90055-4"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2257e4b0c8380cd56f66","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, D.L.","contributorId":45962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moslow, T.F.","contributorId":27747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moslow","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wagner, J.B.","contributorId":20214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017893,"text":"70017893 - 1993 - Sorption of N2 and EGME vapors on some soils, clays, and mineral oxides and determination of sample surface areas by use of sorption data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-04T19:16:47","indexId":"70017893","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sorption of N2 and EGME vapors on some soils, clays, and mineral oxides and determination of sample surface areas by use of sorption data","docAbstract":"<p>Vapor sorption isotherms of ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) at room temperature and isotherms of N2 gas at liquid nitrogen temperature were determined for various soils and minerals. The N2 monolayer capacities [Qm (N2)] were calculated from the BET equation and used to determine the surface areas. To examine whether EGME is an appropriate adsorbate for determination of surface areas, the apparent EGME monolayer capacities [Qm (EGME)ap] were also obtained by use of the BET equation. For sand, aluminum oxide, kaolinite, hematite, and synthetic hydrous iron oxide, which are relatively free of organic impurity and expanding/solvating minerals, the Qm (EGME)ap values are in good conformity with the corresponding Qm (N2) values and would give surface areas consistent with BET (N2) values. For other samples (Woodburn soil, a natural hydrous iron oxide, illite, and montmorillonite), the Qm (EGME)ap values overestimate the Qm (N2) values from a moderate to a large extent, depending on the sample. A high-organic-content peat shows a very small BET (N2) surface area; the EGME/ peat isotherm is linear and does not yield a calculation of the surface area. Large discrepancies between results of the two methods for some samples are attributed to the high solubility of polar EGME in soil organic matter and/ or to the cation solvation of EGME with solvating clays. The agreement for other samples is illustrative of the consistency of the BET method when different adsorbates are used, so long as they do not exhibit bulk penetration and/or cation solvation.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00045a014","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., Rutherford, D., and Manes, M., 1993, Sorption of N2 and EGME vapors on some soils, clays, and mineral oxides and determination of sample surface areas by use of sorption data: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 27, no. 8, p. 1587-1594, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00045a014.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1587","endPage":"1594","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":228910,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b930be4b08c986b31a256","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rutherford, D.W.","contributorId":21244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rutherford","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manes, M.","contributorId":17390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manes","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017854,"text":"70017854 - 1993 - Geomorphic observations of rivers in the Oregon Coast Range from a regional reconnaissance perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-02T22:22:46.191786","indexId":"70017854","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic observations of rivers in the Oregon Coast Range from a regional reconnaissance perspective","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Changes in long profile, gradient, gradient index, pseudo-hypsometric integral, valley incision, and sinuosity fractal dimension for rivers in western Oregon were studied to determine their usefulness in assessing an hypothesis of differential uplift within the Coast Range. All data were gathered from topographic quadrangles and geologic maps, and so the results of this paper are limited to the description of river forms with only limited interpretations. Rivers were naturally divided into three groups, those in the western Coast Range, the eastern Coast Range, and the Klamath and Cascade Ranges, and differences in river morphometry were generalized. Rivers in the western Coast Range had more divergent characteristics, whereas those in the other groups were more similar within each group. For example, long profiles of western Coast Range rivers had diverse forms, but in the other groups, long profiles were similar within the group. Pseudo-hypsometric integrals had a wide scatter in the western Coast Range, but in the other ranges, the pseudo-hypsometric integral was more narrowly defined. Valley entrenchment and high sinuosity were common in the western Coast Range, and were less visible in the eastern Coast Range.</p><p>These regional generalizations do not hold for the central Coast Range near 44.5°N where the Yaquina and Marys Rivers are located. In the eastern Coast Range, the Marys River is unique in that it has a convex bulge in its long profile, does not have an increasing valley-floor width to valley height ratio downstream, and has a high sinuosity fractal dimension. In the western Coast Range, the Yaquina River is unique in that it has a smoothly decreasing long profile, has a very low pseudo-hypsometric integral, and does not have a decreasing valley-floor width to valley height ratio downstream. There may be many explanations for these observations, but these observations are also consistent with tectonic interpretations that the central western Coast Range is the locus of synclinal tilting and that the entire Oregon coast is experiencing landward tilting and uplift.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-555X(93)90043-2","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Rhea, S., 1993, Geomorphic observations of rivers in the Oregon Coast Range from a regional reconnaissance perspective: Geomorphology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 135-150, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-555X(93)90043-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"150","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228401,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2794e4b0c8380cd599f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rhea, S.","contributorId":59958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhea","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017477,"text":"70017477 - 1993 - Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:58","indexId":"70017477","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1539,"text":"Environmental Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies","docAbstract":"Modeling is a major component of contemporary earth science, and regression analysis occupies a central position in the parameterization, calibration, and validation of geomorphic and hydrologic models. Although this methodology can be used in many ways, we are primarily concerned with the prediction of values for one variable from another variable. Examination of the literature reveals considerable inconsistency in the presentation of the results of regression analysis and the occurrence of patterns in the scatter of data points about the regression line. Both circumstances confound utilization and evaluation of the models. Statisticians are well aware of various problems associated with the use of regression analysis and offer improved practices; often, however, their guidelines are not followed. After a review of the aforementioned circumstances and until standard criteria for model evaluation become established, we recommend, as a minimum, inclusion of scatter diagrams, the standard error of the estimate, and sample size in reporting the results of regression analyses for most surface-process studies. ?? 1993 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00789324","issn":"01775146","usgsCitation":"Toy, T., Osterkamp, W.R., and Renard, K., 1993, Prediction by regression and intrarange data scatter in surface-process studies: Environmental Geology, v. 22, no. 2, p. 121-128, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00789324.","startPage":"121","endPage":"128","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206149,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00789324"},{"id":228754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81e7e4b0c8380cd7b7b9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toy, T.J.","contributorId":36626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toy","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Osterkamp, W. R.","contributorId":46044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterkamp","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Renard, K.G.","contributorId":42378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Renard","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017483,"text":"70017483 - 1993 - The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-18T12:02:05","indexId":"70017483","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2071,"text":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture","docAbstract":"The development of faults and shear fracture systems over a broad range of temperature and pressure and for a variety of rock types involves the growth and interaction of microcracks. Acoustic emission (AE), which is produced by rapid microcrack growth, is a ubiquitous phenomenon associated with brittle fracture and has provided a wealth of information regarding the failure process in rock. This paper reviews the successes and limitations of AE studies as applied to the fracture process in rock with emphasis on our ability to predict rock failure. Application of laboratory AE studies to larger scale problems related to the understanding of earthquake processes is also discussed. In this context, laboratory studies can be divided into the following categories. 1) Simple counting of the number of AE events prior to sample failure shows a correlation between AE rate and inelastic strain rate. Additional sorting of events by amplitude has shown that AE events obey the power law frequency-magnitude relation observed for earthquakes. These cumulative event count techniques are being used in conjunction with damage mechanics models to determine how damage accumulates during loading and to predict failure. 2) A second area of research involves the location of hypocenters of AE source events. This technique requires precise arrival time data of AE signals recorded over an array of sensors that are essentially a miniature seismic net. Analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of event hypocenters has improved our understanding of the progression of microcrack growth and clustering leading to rock failure. Recently, fracture nucleation and growth have been studied under conditions of quasi-static fault propagation by controlling stress to maintain constant AE rate. 3) A third area of study involves the analysis of full waveform data as recorded at receiver sites. One aspect of this research has been to determine fault plane solutions of AE source events from first motion data. These studies show that in addition to pure tensile and double couple events, a significant number of more complex event types occur in the period leading to fault nucleation. 4) P and S wave velocities (including spatial variations) and attenuation have been obtained by artificially generating acoustic pulses which are modified during passage through the sample. ?? 1993.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B","issn":"01489062","usgsCitation":"Lockner, D., 1993, The role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture: International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, v. 30, no. 7, p. 883-899, https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B.","startPage":"883","endPage":"899","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228887,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265934,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(93)90041-B"}],"volume":"30","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baf4de4b08c986b3246cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lockner, D.","contributorId":102190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockner","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70017843,"text":"70017843 - 1993 - Carbon isotopic data from test hole USW UZ-1, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:54","indexId":"70017843","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Carbon isotopic data from test hole USW UZ-1, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Rock-CO2-gas analyses in test hole USW UZ-1 at Yucca Mountain indicate that gas movement in the unsaturated zone is likely through a dry-fracture system with little porewater or caliche-calcite interaction. This is because near-surface ??13C values are of biogenic origin and have changed little throughout the total depth. Post-bomb 14C activity is observed to the depth of about 12 m. An abrupt change in plotted 14C/depth slope is seen at 61 m. The less steep upper segment corresponds to the zone with greater porosity and moisture content, and consequently more tortuosity, with an estimated traveltime of 1.27 cm/yr; the steeper sloped zone corresponding to the lower segment has smaller porosity and moisture content but larger fracture density for gas transport, with an estimated traveltime of 3.26 cm/yr.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Yang, I., Peters, C., and Thorstenson, D., 1993, Carbon isotopic data from test hole USW UZ-1, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 401-406.","startPage":"401","endPage":"406","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228908,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f368e4b0c8380cd4b7be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, In C.","contributorId":70424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"In C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peters, C.A.","contributorId":29794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorstenson, D.C.","contributorId":47377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorstenson","given":"D.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017495,"text":"70017495 - 1993 - Evaluation of the energy budget method of determining evaporation at Williams Lake, Minnesota, using alternative instrumentation and study approaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-06T14:25:03","indexId":"70017495","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the energy budget method of determining evaporation at Williams Lake, Minnesota, using alternative instrumentation and study approaches","docAbstract":"<p><span>Best estimates of evaporation at Williams Lake, north central Minnesota, were determined by the energy budget method using optimum sensors and optimum placement of sensors. These best estimates are compared with estimates derived from using substitute data to determine the effect of using less accurate sensors, simpler methods, or remotely measured data. Calculations were made for approximately biweekly periods during five open water seasons. For most of the data substitutions that affected the Bowen ratio, new values of evaporation differed little from best estimates. The three data substitution methods that caused the largest deviations from the best evaporation estimates were (1) using changes in the daily average surface water temperature as an indicator of the lake heat storage term, (2) using shortwave radiation, air temperature, and atmospheric vapor pressure data from a site 110 km away, and (3) using an analog surface water temperature probe. Recalculations based on these data substitutions resulted in differences from the best estimates as much as 89%, 21%, and 10%, respectively. The data substitution method that provided evaporation values that most closely matched the best estimates was measurement of the lake heat storage term at one location in the lake, rather than at 16 locations. Evaporation values resulting from this substitution method usually were within 2% of the best estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/93WR00743","usgsCitation":"Rosenberry, D., Sturrock, A., and Winter, T.C., 1993, Evaluation of the energy budget method of determining evaporation at Williams Lake, Minnesota, using alternative instrumentation and study approaches: Water Resources Research, v. 29, no. 8, p. 2473-2483, https://doi.org/10.1029/93WR00743.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2473","endPage":"2483","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228325,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Williams Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.6766996383667,\n              46.94873885817681\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.66219425201415,\n              46.94873885817681\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.66219425201415,\n              46.9591673117941\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6766996383667,\n              46.9591673117941\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.6766996383667,\n              46.94873885817681\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ce2e4b0c8380cd52d2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenberry, D.O. 0000-0003-0681-5641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":38500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"D.O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":376654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sturrock, A.M.","contributorId":25947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sturrock","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70017505,"text":"70017505 - 1993 - Heat capacity and phase equilibria of almandine, Fe3Al2Si3O12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-14T10:00:30","indexId":"70017505","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Heat capacity and phase equilibria of almandine, Fe3Al2Si3O12","docAbstract":"<p>The heat capacity of a synthetic almandine, Fe<sub>3</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>, was measured from 6 to 350 K using equilibrium, intermittent-heating quasi-adiabatic calorimetry and from 420 to 1000 K using differential scanning calorimetry. These measurements yield<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Cp</i><sub>298</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 342.80 ± 1.4 J/mol · K and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>S</i><sub>298</sub><sup><i>o</i></sup><span>&nbsp;</span>= 342.60 J/mol · K. Mössbauer characterizations show the almandine to contain less than 2 ± 1% of the total iron as Fe<sup>3+</sup>. X-ray diffraction studies of this synthetic almandine yield<span>&nbsp;</span><i>a</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 11.521 ± 0.001 Å and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>V</i><sub>298</sub><sup><i>o</i></sup><span>&nbsp;</span>= 115.11 +- 0.01 cm<sup>3</sup>/mol, somewhat smaller than previously reported. The low-temperature Cp data indicate a lambda transition at 8.7 K related to an antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition with<span>&nbsp;</span><i>T</i><sub><i>N</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>= 7.5<span>&nbsp;</span><i>K</i>. Modeling of the lattice contribution to the total entropy suggests the presence of entropy in excess of that attributable to the effects of lattice vibrations and the magnetic transition. This probably arises from a low-temperature electronic transition (Schottky contribution).</p><p>Combination of the Cp data with existing thermodynamic and phase equilibrium data on almandine yields<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ΔG</i><sub><i>f</i>,298</sub><sup><i>o</i></sup><span>&nbsp;</span>= −4938.3 kJ/mol and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>ΔH</i><sub><i>f</i>,298</sub><sup><i>o</i></sup>= —5261.3 kJ/mol for almandine when calculated from the elements. The equilibrium almandine = hercynite + fayalite + quartz limits the upper<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>T</mtext><mtext>P</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">TP</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>for almandine and is metastably located at ca. 570°C at<span>&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;</span>= 1 bar, with a<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"MathJax_SVG\" data-mathml=\"<math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;><mtext>dP</mtext><mtext>dT</mtext></math>\"><span class=\"MJX_Assistive_MathML\">dPdT</span></span></span><span>&nbsp;</span>of +17 bars/°C. This agrees well with reversed experiments on almandine stability when they are corrected for magnetite and hercynite solid-solutions. In ‖<sub><i>O</i>2-<i>T</i></sub><span>&nbsp;</span>space, almandine oxidizes near QFM by the reactions<span>&nbsp;</span><i>almandine</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span><i>O</i><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>=<span>&nbsp;</span><i>magnetite</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span><i>sillimanite</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span><i>quartz</i><i>and</i><i>almandine</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+ 02 =<span>&nbsp;</span><i>hercynite</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span><i>magnetite</i><span>&nbsp;</span>+<span>&nbsp;</span><i>quartz</i>. With suitable correction for reduced activities of solid phases, these equilibria provide useful oxygen barometers for medium- to high-grade metamorphic rocks.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(93)90315-N","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Anovitz, L.M., Essene, E., Metz, G., Bohlen, S., Westrum, E., and Hemingway, B.S., 1993, Heat capacity and phase equilibria of almandine, Fe3Al2Si3O12: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 57, no. 17, p. 4191-4204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90315-N.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"4191","endPage":"4204","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487278,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90315-n","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":228470,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"57","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2fefe4b0c8380cd5d216","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anovitz, Lawrence M.","contributorId":23174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anovitz","given":"Lawrence","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Essene, E.J.","contributorId":91625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essene","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Metz, G.W.","contributorId":62755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bohlen, S.R.","contributorId":105436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohlen","given":"S.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Westrum, E.F. Jr.","contributorId":96416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westrum","given":"E.F.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70017694,"text":"70017694 - 1993 - Influence of long term climate change on net infiltration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:53","indexId":"70017694","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Influence of long term climate change on net infiltration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Net infiltration and recharge at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, a potential site for a high level nuclear waste repository, are determined both by the rock properties and past and future changes in climate. A 1-dimensional model was constructed to represent a borehole being drilled through the unsaturated zone. The rock properties were matched to the lithologies expected to be encountered in the borehole. As current paleoclimate theory assumes that 18O increases with wetter and cooler global climates, a past climate scenario, built on depletion of 18O from ocean sediments was used as a basis for climate change over the past 700,000 years. The climate change was simulated by assigning net infiltration values as a linear function of 8O. Assuming the rock properties, lithologies and climate scenarios are correct, simulations indicated that Yucca Mountain is not in steady state equilibrium at the surface (<75 meters) when compared to measured data, but that the system could be at steady state conditions at depths of >250 meters. Based on the cyclic climate inputs, the near surface is currently in a long term drying trend (for the last 3,000 years) yet recharge into the water table is continuing to occur at an average rate equivalent to the average input rate of the climate model, indicating that conditions at depth are damped out over very long time periods. The Paintbrush Tuff nonwelded units, positioned between the Tiva Canyon and Topopah Spring welded Tuff Members, do not appear to act as capillary barrier and therefore would not perch water. The low porosity vitric caprock and basal vitrophyre of the Topopah Spring Member, however, act as restrictive layers. The higher porosity rock directly above the caprock reduces the potential for the caprock to perch water leaving the basal vitrophyre as the most likely location for perched water to develop.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872629503","usgsCitation":"Flint, A.I., Flint, L.E., and Hevesi, J.A., 1993, Influence of long term climate change on net infiltration at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 26 April 1993 through 30 April 1993, p. 152-159.","startPage":"152","endPage":"159","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":228991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b4fe4b0c8380cd623fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Alan I.","contributorId":72952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":377293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Flint, Lorraine E. 0000-0002-7868-441X lflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-441X","contributorId":1184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Lorraine","email":"lflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hevesi, Joseph 0000-0003-2898-1800 jhevesi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2898-1800","contributorId":1507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hevesi","given":"Joseph","email":"jhevesi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":377292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187584,"text":"70187584 - 1993 - The use of a vegetation index for assessment of the urban heat island effect","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T10:45:40","indexId":"70187584","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The use of a vegetation index for assessment of the urban heat island effect","docAbstract":"<p><span>A vegetation index and radiative surface temperature were derived from NOAA-11 Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data for the Seattle, WA region from 28 June through 4 July 1991. The vegetation index and surface temperature values were computed for locations of weather observation stations within the region and compared to observed minimum air temperatures. These comparisons were used to evaluate the use of AVHRR data to assess the influence of the urban environment on observed minimum air temperatures (the urban heat island effect). AVHRR derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and radiant surface temperature data from a one week composite product were both related significantly to observed minimum temperatures, however, the vegetation index accounted for a greater amount of the spatial variation observed in mean minimum temperatures. The difference in the NDVI between urban and rural regions appears to be an indicator of the difference in surface properties (i.e., evaporation and heat storage capacity) between the two environments that are responsible for differences in urban and rural minimum temperatures.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/01431169308954031","usgsCitation":"Gallo, K.P., McNab, A.L., Karl, T.R., Brown, J.F., Hood, J.J., and Tarpley, J., 1993, The use of a vegetation index for assessment of the urban heat island effect: International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 14, no. 11, p. 2223-2230, https://doi.org/10.1080/01431169308954031.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2223","endPage":"2230","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341014,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53de4b0e541a03d4549","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gallo, K. P.","contributorId":86527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gallo","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McNab, A. L.","contributorId":191898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNab","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, Thomas R.","contributorId":191899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karl","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hood, J. J.","contributorId":191900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tarpley, J.D.","contributorId":57373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tarpley","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70187581,"text":"70187581 - 1993 - An earth remote sensing satellite- 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Mosaic of the Tanana River Basin in Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-09T13:55:15","indexId":"70187581","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An earth remote sensing satellite- 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Mosaic of the Tanana River Basin in Alaska ","docAbstract":"<p>Because the pixel location in a line of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image data is directly related to the distance the pixel is from the radar, terrain elevations cause large displacement errors in the geo-referenced location of the pixel. This is especially true for radar systems with small angles between the nadir and look vectors. Thus, to geo-register a SAR image accurately, the terrain of the area must be taken into account. (Curlander et al., 1987; Kwok et al., 1987, Schreier et al., 1990; Wivell et al., 1992). As part of the 1992 National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System Version 0 activities, a prototype SAR geocod-. ing and terrain correction system was developed at the US. Geological Survey's (USGS) E~os Data Center (EDC) in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Using this system with 3-arc-second digital elevation models (DEMs) mosaicked at the ED^ Alaska Field Office, 21 ERS-I s.4~ scenes acquired at the Alaska SAR Facility were automatically geocoded, terrain corrected, and mosaicked. The geo-registered scenes were mosaicked using a simple concatenation. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS","usgsCitation":"Wivell, C.E., Olmsted, C., Steinwand, D.R., and Taylor, C., 1993, An earth remote sensing satellite- 1 Synthetic Aperture Radar Mosaic of the Tanana River Basin in Alaska : Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 59, no. 4, p. 527-528.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"527","endPage":"528","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5912d53de4b0e541a03d454d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wivell, Charles E.","contributorId":65010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wivell","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olmsted, Coert","contributorId":191894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olmsted","given":"Coert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel R. steinwand@usgs.gov","contributorId":3224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","email":"steinwand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Christopher","contributorId":191895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Christopher","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70187631,"text":"70187631 - 1993 - Using multisource data in global land-cover characterization: concepts, requirements, and methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-11T13:18:09","indexId":"70187631","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using multisource data in global land-cover characterization: concepts, requirements, and methods","docAbstract":"<p>Global land-cover data are needed as baseline information for global change&nbsp;research. Multisource data, both coarse resolution satellite data and ancillary data, were used to produce a land-cover characteristics database for the conterqinous United States. Ancillary data, including elevation and ecological region data sets, were critical to the development, refinement, and information content of each class in the database. They contributed essential evidence for labeling and refining land-cover classes where differing types were represented by single spectral-temporal signatures. The characterization process can be expanded to a global effort depending on (1) the availability of global satellite coverage, (2) the quality and availability of ancillary data, and (3) the evolution of more sophisticated data visualization and analysis techniques.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Brown, J.F., Loveland, T.R., Merchant, J.W., Reed, B.C., and Ohlen, D.O., 1993, Using multisource data in global land-cover characterization: concepts, requirements, and methods: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 59, no. 6, p. 977-987.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"977","endPage":"987","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341114,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"59","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591570d0e4b01a342e691425","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Jesslyn F. 0000-0002-9976-1998 jfbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":3241,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Jesslyn","email":"jfbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loveland, Thomas R. 0000-0003-3114-6646 loveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-6646","contributorId":140256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loveland","given":"Thomas","email":"loveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merchant, James W.","contributorId":7858,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merchant","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reed, Bradley C. 0000-0002-1132-7178 reed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1132-7178","contributorId":2901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Bradley","email":"reed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":694848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ohlen, Donald O. ohlen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"Donald","email":"ohlen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":694849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70194140,"text":"70194140 - 1993 - Seasonal use of conservation reserve program lands by white-tailed deer in east-central South Dakota ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-29T13:53:56","indexId":"70194140","displayToPublicDate":"1993-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal use of conservation reserve program lands by white-tailed deer in east-central South Dakota ","docAbstract":"<p>The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP_, a provision of the 1985 Food Security Act, subsidizes landowners to take highly erodible lands out of cultivation and seed them to perennial cover for 10years. In eastern South Dakota, 0.5 million ha were enrolled in the CRP from 1985 to 1990 (Agric. Stabilization and Conserv. Serv., Brookings, S.D., unpubl. Data), which represents the largest change in conservation land-use practices in the region since the 1956 Soil Bank Program (Goetz 1987).</p><p>Although the CRP is anticipated to produce substantial benefits for some wildlife species, particularly ground-nesting birds, its significance to white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) in the northern Great Plains agricultural region is poorly understood. Higgins et al. (1987) speculated that proliferation of CRP grasslands may provide a missing habitat component in intensively managed farmland, thereby enhancing several species of wildlife, including white-tailed deer. Deer managers in the region have expressed concerns that improved cover associated with DRP plantings on private land could attract deer and reduce hunter success rates or lead to increased depredation of adjacent croplands or stored winter forages (L. Rice, S.D. Dep. Game, Fish, and Parks, Rapid City, pers. comm., 1989). Our objectives were to describe variation in deer use of CRP lands by season, diel period, and deer activity class as a means of assessing seasonal importance of CRP fields to white-tailed deer in agricultural Midwest.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Gould, J.H., and Jenkins, K.J., 1993, Seasonal use of conservation reserve program lands by white-tailed deer in east-central South Dakota : Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 21, no. 3, p. 250-255.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"250","endPage":"255","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348948,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348947,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3782862"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-104.054487,44.180381],[-104.055914,44.874986],[-104.057698,44.997431],[-104.039681,44.998041],[-104.040114,45.374214],[-104.045443,45.94531],[-100.430597,45.943638],[-99.005754,45.939944],[-98.414518,45.936504],[-96.56328,45.935238],[-96.564002,45.91956],[-96.56703,45.915682],[-96.56442,45.909415],[-96.568315,45.902902],[-96.568772,45.888072],[-96.571354,45.886673],[-96.571871,45.871846],[-96.574667,45.866816],[-96.572984,45.861602],[-96.574517,45.843098],[-96.583085,45.820024],[-96.596704,45.811801],[-96.612512,45.794442],[-96.627778,45.786239],[-96.638726,45.770171],[-96.641941,45.759871],[-96.652226,45.746809],[-96.662595,45.738682],[-96.672665,45.732336],[-96.711157,45.717561],[-96.745086,45.701576],[-96.75035,45.698782],[-96.760866,45.687518],[-96.835769,45.649648],[-96.844211,45.639583],[-96.852392,45.61484],[-96.857751,45.605962],[-96.801987,45.555414],[-96.79384,45.550724],[-96.76528,45.521414],[-96.745487,45.488712],[-96.743486,45.480649],[-96.738446,45.473499],[-96.732739,45.458737],[-96.692541,45.417338],[-96.680454,45.410499],[-96.617726,45.408092],[-96.60118,45.403181],[-96.562142,45.38609],[-96.521787,45.375645],[-96.489065,45.357071],[-96.469246,45.324941],[-96.468027,45.318619],[-96.46191,45.313884],[-96.453067,45.298115],[-96.451232,44.718375],[-96.453049,43.500415],[-96.598928,43.500457],[-96.599182,43.496011],[-96.586274,43.491099],[-96.580997,43.481384],[-96.586364,43.478251],[-96.584603,43.46961],[-96.587929,43.464878],[-96.600039,43.45708],[-96.60286,43.450907],[-96.594254,43.434153],[-96.587884,43.431685],[-96.575181,43.431756],[-96.570224,43.428601],[-96.573579,43.419228],[-96.562728,43.412782],[-96.557586,43.406792],[-96.537116,43.395063],[-96.531159,43.39561],[-96.529152,43.397735],[-96.525453,43.396317],[-96.521572,43.38564],[-96.521323,43.374607],[-96.526467,43.368314],[-96.527223,43.362257],[-96.526635,43.351833],[-96.524289,43.347214],[-96.534913,43.336473],[-96.528817,43.316561],[-96.525564,43.312467],[-96.530392,43.300034],[-96.553087,43.29286],[-96.555246,43.294803],[-96.56911,43.295535],[-96.573556,43.29917],[-96.581052,43.297118],[-96.579094,43.293797],[-96.577588,43.2788],[-96.580904,43.2748],[-96.582876,43.274594],[-96.582939,43.276536],[-96.586317,43.274319],[-96.58522,43.268878],[-96.576804,43.268308],[-96.564165,43.260239],[-96.554968,43.259998],[-96.552591,43.257769],[-96.552963,43.247281],[-96.565253,43.244241],[-96.571194,43.238961],[-96.568505,43.231554],[-96.56044,43.224219],[-96.554937,43.226775],[-96.540088,43.225698],[-96.535741,43.22764],[-96.526865,43.224071],[-96.519273,43.21769],[-96.500759,43.220767],[-96.496454,43.223652],[-96.485264,43.224183],[-96.476697,43.222014],[-96.470626,43.207225],[-96.473777,43.198766],[-96.473834,43.189804],[-96.472395,43.185644],[-96.465146,43.182971],[-96.467292,43.164066],[-96.466537,43.150281],[-96.459978,43.143516],[-96.450361,43.142237],[-96.443431,43.133825],[-96.440801,43.123129],[-96.436589,43.120842],[-96.439335,43.113916],[-96.462855,43.091419],[-96.462636,43.089614],[-96.455337,43.088129],[-96.454088,43.084197],[-96.455209,43.075053],[-96.46085,43.064033],[-96.468207,43.06186],[-96.473165,43.06355],[-96.476905,43.062383],[-96.490365,43.050789],[-96.501748,43.048632],[-96.510256,43.049917],[-96.518431,43.042068],[-96.509145,43.037297],[-96.512916,43.029962],[-96.510995,43.024701],[-96.499187,43.019213],[-96.49167,43.009707],[-96.496699,42.998807],[-96.509986,42.995126],[-96.512886,42.991424],[-96.512237,42.985937],[-96.516724,42.981458],[-96.520773,42.980385],[-96.515922,42.972886],[-96.506148,42.971348],[-96.503132,42.968192],[-96.500308,42.959391],[-96.504857,42.954659],[-96.509472,42.945151],[-96.519994,42.93976],[-96.516419,42.935438],[-96.516888,42.932512],[-96.525536,42.935511],[-96.541689,42.922576],[-96.536564,42.905656],[-96.542847,42.903737],[-96.539397,42.899964],[-96.536007,42.900901],[-96.528886,42.89795],[-96.526357,42.891852],[-96.540116,42.889678],[-96.537851,42.878475],[-96.546394,42.874464],[-96.549659,42.870281],[-96.550469,42.863742],[-96.546556,42.857273],[-96.541708,42.858871],[-96.545502,42.849956],[-96.554709,42.846142],[-96.554203,42.843648],[-96.549976,42.840705],[-96.551285,42.836606],[-96.556162,42.836675],[-96.560572,42.839373],[-96.56284,42.836309],[-96.563058,42.831051],[-96.565605,42.830434],[-96.571353,42.837155],[-96.581604,42.837521],[-96.58238,42.833657],[-96.577813,42.828719],[-96.585699,42.818041],[-96.596008,42.815044],[-96.595664,42.810426],[-96.590913,42.808987],[-96.595283,42.792982],[-96.602575,42.787767],[-96.603784,42.78372],[-96.61949,42.784034],[-96.626406,42.773518],[-96.632142,42.770863],[-96.632212,42.761512],[-96.628741,42.757532],[-96.621235,42.758084],[-96.619494,42.754792],[-96.630485,42.750378],[-96.639704,42.737071],[-96.631931,42.725086],[-96.624704,42.725497],[-96.624446,42.714294],[-96.630617,42.70588],[-96.612555,42.698402],[-96.61017,42.694568],[-96.59908,42.697296],[-96.596625,42.695122],[-96.596405,42.688514],[-96.58562,42.687076],[-96.575299,42.682665],[-96.574064,42.67801],[-96.578148,42.672765],[-96.572261,42.670776],[-96.569194,42.675509],[-96.566684,42.675942],[-96.556244,42.664396],[-96.5599,42.662819],[-96.559962,42.658543],[-96.556214,42.657949],[-96.546827,42.661491],[-96.542366,42.660736],[-96.537877,42.655431],[-96.537881,42.646446],[-96.526766,42.641184],[-96.516338,42.630435],[-96.515918,42.624994],[-96.518542,42.62035],[-96.530896,42.617129],[-96.529894,42.610432],[-96.525671,42.609312],[-96.517048,42.615343],[-96.509468,42.61273],[-96.500183,42.594106],[-96.501037,42.589247],[-96.494777,42.585741],[-96.49545,42.579474],[-96.485796,42.575001],[-96.489328,42.5708],[-96.498709,42.57087],[-96.498041,42.558153],[-96.476952,42.556079],[-96.479909,42.524195],[-96.490802,42.520331],[-96.49297,42.517282],[-96.490089,42.512441],[-96.477454,42.509589],[-96.473339,42.503537],[-96.476909,42.497795],[-96.476509,42.493595],[-96.474409,42.491895],[-96.46255,42.490788],[-96.456348,42.492478],[-96.443408,42.489495],[-96.478792,42.479635],[-96.501321,42.482749],[-96.508587,42.486691],[-96.515891,42.49427],[-96.520683,42.504761],[-96.528753,42.513273],[-96.538036,42.518131],[-96.548791,42.520547],[-96.567896,42.517877],[-96.591121,42.50541],[-96.603468,42.50446],[-96.611489,42.506088],[-96.625958,42.513576],[-96.628179,42.516963],[-96.632882,42.528987],[-96.63533,42.54764],[-96.643589,42.557604],[-96.658754,42.566426],[-96.681369,42.574486],[-96.7093,42.603753],[-96.711546,42.614758],[-96.709485,42.621932],[-96.687788,42.645992],[-96.687082,42.652093],[-96.691269,42.6562],[-96.728024,42.666882],[-96.746949,42.666223],[-96.76406,42.661985],[-96.793238,42.666024],[-96.800986,42.669758],[-96.802178,42.672237],[-96.800485,42.692466],[-96.801652,42.698774],[-96.806219,42.704149],[-96.843419,42.712024],[-96.860436,42.720797],[-96.886845,42.725222],[-96.906797,42.7338],[-96.924156,42.730327],[-96.948902,42.719465],[-96.961576,42.719841],[-96.964776,42.722455],[-96.965833,42.727096],[-96.96123,42.740623],[-96.96888,42.754278],[-96.97912,42.76009],[-96.99282,42.759481],[-97.02485,42.76243],[-97.033229,42.765904],[-97.065592,42.772189],[-97.096128,42.76934],[-97.131331,42.771929],[-97.134461,42.774494],[-97.138216,42.783428],[-97.150763,42.795566],[-97.166978,42.802087],[-97.200431,42.805485],[-97.210126,42.809296],[-97.213084,42.813007],[-97.213957,42.820143],[-97.218269,42.829561],[-97.217411,42.843519],[-97.218825,42.845848],[-97.237868,42.853139],[-97.251764,42.855432],[-97.267946,42.852583],[-97.289859,42.855499],[-97.306677,42.867604],[-97.336156,42.856802],[-97.359569,42.854816],[-97.368643,42.858419],[-97.376695,42.865195],[-97.393966,42.86425],[-97.408315,42.868334],[-97.417066,42.865918],[-97.431951,42.851542],[-97.442279,42.846224],[-97.452177,42.846048],[-97.470529,42.850455],[-97.49149,42.851625],[-97.504847,42.858477],[-97.531867,42.850105],[-97.561928,42.847552],[-97.591916,42.853837],[-97.603762,42.858329],[-97.611811,42.858367],[-97.657846,42.844626],[-97.686506,42.842435],[-97.72045,42.847439],[-97.774456,42.849774],[-97.817075,42.861781],[-97.828496,42.868797],[-97.84527,42.867734],[-97.875345,42.858724],[-97.877003,42.854394],[-97.875849,42.847725],[-97.878976,42.843673],[-97.879878,42.835395],[-97.888562,42.817251],[-97.908983,42.794909],[-97.921434,42.788352],[-97.936716,42.775754],[-97.950147,42.769619],[-97.977588,42.769923],[-98.000348,42.763256],[-98.017228,42.762411],[-98.035034,42.764205],[-98.059838,42.772772],[-98.062913,42.781119],[-98.067388,42.784759],[-98.094574,42.799309],[-98.107688,42.810633],[-98.127489,42.820127],[-98.137912,42.832728],[-98.146933,42.839823],[-98.167523,42.836925],[-98.189765,42.841628],[-98.219826,42.853157],[-98.25181,42.872824],[-98.280007,42.874996],[-98.325864,42.8865],[-98.34623,42.902747],[-98.42074,42.931924],[-98.430934,42.931504],[-98.437285,42.928393],[-98.444145,42.929242],[-98.448309,42.936428],[-98.467356,42.947556],[-98.490483,42.977948],[-98.49855,42.99856],[-100.472742,42.999288],[-101.625424,42.996238],[-101.849982,42.999329],[-104.053127,43.000585],[-104.055488,43.853476],[-104.054487,44.180381]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"South Dakota\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6130ede4b06e28e9c25e2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gould, Jeffrey H.","contributorId":63441,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gould","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenkins, Kurt J. 0000-0003-1415-6607 kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-6607","contributorId":3415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenkins","given":"Kurt","email":"kurt_jenkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":722331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70039702,"text":"ofr1994007 - 1993 - U.S.-Soviet Collaborative Geological and Geophysical Survey of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 31 degrees N, the Petrov Fracture Zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-18T11:43:11","indexId":"ofr1994007","displayToPublicDate":"1992-12-01T13:51:00","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1994-007","title":"U.S.-Soviet Collaborative Geological and Geophysical Survey of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 31 degrees N, the Petrov Fracture Zone","docAbstract":"<h1>Introduction</h1><p>In February 1989, the first formal U.S.-Soviet joint marine geologic-geophysical study in 10 years was undertaken along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 31°N on the 12th Cruise of the RN Akademik Boris Petrov of the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry (USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow). This survey was initiated as part of the U.S.S.R.-U.S. cooperative research project \"Mid-Atlantic Ridge Crest Processes\" within the framework of the Soviet-U.S. bilateral Ocean Studies Agreement (Ostenso, 1989). U.S. scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey, University of Houston, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution participated in this program with Soviet scientists from the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry, Institute of Geology, and Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, all institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Moscow (Appendix 1 ). The ship departed from Rotterdam, Nederlands on February 2, 1989 and docked in Bridgetown, Barbados on February 28, 1989. A log of the ship's schedule during this cruise is given in Appendix 2. This study involved a limited multibeam-bathymetric, gravity, magnetic, and seismic- reflection survey. and dredging program of a short-offset transform fault named the Petrov Fracture Zone near 31 °N, located just north of the Atlantis Fracture Zone on the Mid Atlantic Ridge. A site survey at King's Trough in the northeast Atlantic for a MIR submersible program in June 1989 was originally planned as part of this program, but bad weather and the resultant poor quality geophysical data forced this work to be terminated after only one day. Nearly 6000 km of geophysical profile data and 13 dredge stations were completed during this cruise. A description of the geophysical systems aboard the RN Petrov is given in Appendices 3 and 4. All geophysical data were recorded on magnetic tape in data formats described in Appendix 5. Dredge locales and description summaries only are presented in Appendix 6. Detailed descriptions of dredge samples will be presented elsewhere. Operational plan for the studies on this cruise was developed as a cooperative effort between U.S. and Soviet scientists, who established jointly the basic objectives of the study. The U.S. scientists were given the responsibility for developing the detailed survey and dredge sampling plans. Dredge operations and basic geophysical systems operations were the responsibility of the Soviet personnel.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Woods Hole, MA","doi":"10.3133/ofr1994007","usgsCitation":"Klitgord, K.D., Dmitriev, L.V., Casey, J.F., Silantiev, S., and Johnson, K., 1993, U.S.-Soviet Collaborative Geological and Geophysical Survey of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 31 degrees N, the Petrov Fracture Zone: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 1994-007, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr1994007.","productDescription":"23 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":259878,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":259850,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1994/0007/ofr19947.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 1994-7"}],"contact":"<p><a href=\"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/\">Coastal and Marine Geology Program</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 384 Woods Hole Road<br> Woods Hole, MA 02543</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Introduction</li><li>Regional GeoTectonic Framework</li><li>Scientific Objectives</li><li>Geophysical Investigations</li><li>Geologic Investigations</li><li>Summary</li><li>References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb32e4b08c986b328562","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klitgord, Kim D.","contributorId":57715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klitgord","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dmitriev, Leonard V.","contributorId":63664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dmitriev","given":"Leonard","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casey, John F.","contributorId":29550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silantiev, Sergei","contributorId":49647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Silantiev","given":"Sergei","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Kevin","contributorId":83287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":466769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":54660,"text":"wdrMDDE922 - 1992 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1992, Volume 2: Ground-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:41:14.391145","indexId":"wdrMDDE922","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:50:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-92-2","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1992, Volume 2. Ground-Water Data","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1992, Volume 2: Ground-water data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE922","usgsCitation":"James, R., and Smigaj, M., 1992, Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1992, Volume 2: Ground-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-92-2, 585 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMDDE922.","productDescription":"585 p.","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381981,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/md-de-92-2/wdrMDDE922.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Water Data Report MD-DE-92-2"},{"id":181618,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/md-de-92-2/wdrMDDE922_coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.564927,39.583248],[-75.576271,39.588144],[-75.579615,39.598656],[-75.565823,39.590608],[-75.564927,39.583248]]],[[[-75.55587,39.605824],[-75.561934,39.605216],[-75.570798,39.626768],[-75.559446,39.629812],[-75.55587,39.605824]]],[[[-75.594846,39.837286],[-75.539346,39.838211],[-75.498843,39.833312],[-75.45374,39.820312],[-75.405337,39.796213],[-75.437938,39.783413],[-75.459439,39.765813],[-75.474168,39.735473],[-75.47764,39.715013],[-75.488553,39.714833],[-75.496241,39.701413],[-75.509042,39.694513],[-75.509742,39.686113],[-75.529744,39.692613],[-75.562246,39.656712],[-75.587147,39.651012],[-75.614065,39.61832],[-75.611905,39.597568],[-75.563034,39.56224],[-75.570362,39.527223],[-75.560728,39.520472],[-75.566933,39.508273],[-75.576436,39.509195],[-75.587729,39.496353],[-75.593068,39.479186],[-75.589901,39.462022],[-75.570985,39.442486],[-75.57183,39.438897],[-75.538512,39.416502],[-75.512996,39.366153],[-75.494158,39.354613],[-75.491688,39.343963],[-75.439027,39.313384],[-75.435551,39.297546],[-75.427953,39.285049],[-75.402964,39.254626],[-75.405716,39.223834],[-75.396892,39.216141],[-75.393015,39.204512],[-75.39479,39.188354],[-75.408266,39.174625],[-75.410625,39.156246],[-75.401193,39.088762],[-75.402035,39.066885],[-75.387914,39.051174],[-75.345763,39.024857],[-75.318354,38.988191],[-75.311607,38.967637],[-75.311923,38.945917],[-75.302552,38.939002],[-75.312282,38.924594],[-75.304078,38.91316],[-75.190552,38.806861],[-75.160748,38.791224],[-75.134022,38.782242],[-75.113331,38.782998],[-75.097103,38.788703],[-75.093654,38.793992],[-75.097197,38.803101],[-75.093805,38.803812],[-75.089473,38.797198],[-75.082153,38.772157],[-75.06551,38.66103],[-75.048939,38.451263],[-75.06137,38.389466],[-75.085171,38.325096],[-75.092142,38.323252],[-75.102947,38.311525],[-75.192925,38.097819],[-75.241817,38.027802],[-75.624341,37.994211],[-75.633833,37.984519],[-75.628855,37.977798],[-75.630992,37.975667],[-75.638221,37.979397],[-75.648229,37.966775],[-75.647606,37.947027],[-75.655681,37.945435],[-75.669711,37.950796],[-75.663095,37.961195],[-75.671681,37.966576],[-75.71315,37.976623],[-75.737514,37.963705],[-75.759091,37.970663],[-75.783444,37.972565],[-75.831707,37.934789],[-75.860727,37.91831],[-75.885032,37.911717],[-75.892686,37.916848],[-75.898316,37.925114],[-75.894065,37.93079],[-75.890871,37.954847],[-75.898956,37.974514],[-75.875297,38.011965],[-75.87319,38.034375],[-75.858891,38.03839],[-75.847922,38.03437],[-75.830023,38.042845],[-75.812913,38.058932],[-75.819415,38.066606],[-75.844265,38.072272],[-75.858944,38.067323],[-75.859005,38.060717],[-75.871503,38.05887],[-75.880515,38.075011],[-75.86381,38.100968],[-75.837563,38.113753],[-75.827993,38.132803],[-75.843862,38.144599],[-75.868636,38.134381],[-75.900355,38.14115],[-75.936773,38.124355],[-75.936663,38.109956],[-75.945297,38.113091],[-75.958786,38.135572],[-75.947534,38.168274],[-75.951812,38.176053],[-75.942375,38.187066],[-75.888073,38.203813],[-75.878293,38.198407],[-75.864104,38.200858],[-75.848473,38.20934],[-75.851396,38.226432],[-75.874653,38.244514],[-75.887409,38.24208],[-75.885676,38.231006],[-75.894583,38.228439],[-75.90845,38.246648],[-75.911143,38.257951],[-75.938577,38.272329],[-75.954483,38.264366],[-75.954582,38.254108],[-75.940697,38.246902],[-75.946414,38.23889],[-75.970514,38.233668],[-75.964528,38.240692],[-75.963453,38.251793],[-75.984274,38.265155],[-75.990385,38.282915],[-76.007118,38.303994],[-76.016291,38.307206],[-76.009377,38.311997],[-75.969577,38.320044],[-75.964237,38.324285],[-75.961948,38.341431],[-75.973876,38.36585],[-76.001839,38.374343],[-76.011869,38.360582],[-76.010437,38.352504],[-76.016682,38.332429],[-76.041431,38.322163],[-76.049609,38.309348],[-76.05022,38.304101],[-76.030532,38.28796],[-76.028234,38.282035],[-76.043927,38.249712],[-76.032044,38.216684],[-76.05801,38.227079],[-76.069502,38.238455],[-76.074491,38.251148],[-76.09972,38.253647],[-76.107592,38.262525],[-76.102549,38.277153],[-76.111296,38.286946],[-76.137238,38.281648],[-76.166154,38.290431],[-76.180115,38.277019],[-76.175783,38.261551],[-76.164388,38.250061],[-76.146297,38.249678],[-76.126623,38.242949],[-76.125856,38.23888],[-76.131332,38.23288],[-76.151035,38.234215],[-76.17335,38.247037],[-76.188644,38.267434],[-76.190531,38.277139],[-76.211446,38.302656],[-76.226376,38.309988],[-76.243897,38.310313],[-76.258189,38.318373],[-76.266602,38.339502],[-76.264186,38.346436],[-76.259286,38.341619],[-76.238452,38.347986],[-76.23901,38.350738],[-76.249666,38.364214],[-76.273003,38.366483],[-76.281697,38.39147],[-76.28302,38.413512],[-76.331383,38.473323],[-76.33636,38.492235],[-76.327257,38.500121],[-76.318054,38.498199],[-76.289507,38.503906],[-76.263968,38.503452],[-76.247894,38.523019],[-76.244396,38.536966],[-76.253624,38.539393],[-76.278106,38.532468],[-76.281047,38.53613],[-76.275913,38.548809],[-76.27964,38.557231],[-76.289017,38.567982],[-76.308321,38.571769],[-76.273496,38.59139],[-76.268633,38.597753],[-76.279589,38.60952],[-76.271827,38.615661],[-76.264155,38.615109],[-76.23665,38.628598],[-76.231187,38.61401],[-76.212427,38.606738],[-76.174969,38.628791],[-76.160148,38.625452],[-76.147158,38.63684],[-76.154889,38.656268],[-76.174611,38.672811],[-76.199722,38.671127],[-76.212808,38.681892],[-76.237818,38.711762],[-76.238685,38.735434],[-76.255093,38.736476],[-76.270277,38.724385],[-76.271553,38.713576],[-76.275015,38.712714],[-76.298499,38.718005],[-76.298186,38.726255],[-76.316146,38.729586],[-76.330149,38.714682],[-76.333532,38.705063],[-76.321865,38.689512],[-76.322418,38.679304],[-76.33861,38.672023],[-76.34322,38.67688],[-76.347998,38.686234],[-76.340543,38.730338],[-76.341288,38.751505],[-76.334619,38.772911],[-76.323768,38.779287],[-76.310743,38.795996],[-76.308922,38.813346],[-76.301886,38.824595],[-76.277854,38.831256],[-76.271575,38.851771],[-76.264221,38.851572],[-76.265759,38.847638],[-76.250364,38.825438],[-76.221162,38.813052],[-76.198138,38.81444],[-76.19109,38.82966],[-76.202598,38.862616],[-76.200082,38.882885],[-76.205063,38.892726],[-76.203638,38.928382],[-76.213731,38.937269],[-76.232038,38.942518],[-76.250157,38.938667],[-76.249163,38.9218],[-76.255819,38.919008],[-76.262226,38.919976],[-76.273022,38.94184],[-76.29558,38.928855],[-76.299431,38.918542],[-76.293255,38.902582],[-76.308425,38.898404],[-76.317947,38.911312],[-76.336104,38.905977],[-76.338501,38.892474],[-76.331103,38.864686],[-76.340587,38.85574],[-76.348826,38.857134],[-76.35996,38.852586],[-76.368164,38.836194],[-76.375086,38.839474],[-76.376031,38.848777],[-76.364678,38.873831],[-76.365658,38.907477],[-76.361727,38.939175],[-76.353828,38.957234],[-76.323293,38.998767],[-76.320277,39.022998],[-76.311766,39.035257],[-76.302029,39.039571],[-76.302846,39.025828],[-76.29409,39.004263],[-76.278058,38.983246],[-76.258813,38.983664],[-76.229993,38.977728],[-76.218929,38.970538],[-76.20236,38.973079],[-76.164004,38.99953],[-76.163616,39.010057],[-76.184207,39.046264],[-76.175284,39.058805],[-76.15896,39.065486],[-76.145174,39.092824],[-76.183908,39.096344],[-76.203333,39.085654],[-76.212563,39.041641],[-76.208502,39.024818],[-76.200666,39.01452],[-76.209114,39.01001],[-76.231765,39.018518],[-76.242687,39.028926],[-76.231212,39.060769],[-76.233457,39.091385],[-76.260343,39.142722],[-76.278527,39.145764],[-76.274741,39.164961],[-76.251032,39.199214],[-76.219338,39.261997],[-76.211306,39.269761],[-76.203031,39.269871],[-76.181496,39.291797],[-76.176804,39.306229],[-76.186024,39.312462],[-76.186001,39.317814],[-76.170588,39.331954],[-76.159673,39.335909],[-76.145524,39.334399],[-76.133225,39.340491],[-76.136971,39.344414],[-76.13495,39.35107],[-76.116698,39.360744],[-76.110598,39.372119],[-76.049846,39.370644],[-76.02299,39.361896],[-76.002408,39.367501],[-76.002514,39.384805],[-76.035464,39.386176],[-76.040854,39.393594],[-76.035298,39.401609],[-76.00688,39.414527],[-75.996697,39.430549],[-75.982585,39.435287],[-75.977751,39.44302],[-75.976698,39.44569],[-75.990005,39.458646],[-75.998276,39.457182],[-76.002497,39.450231],[-76.009071,39.449256],[-76.01188,39.452524],[-75.99657,39.476658],[-75.986298,39.510398],[-75.976105,39.529876],[-75.966955,39.53865],[-75.970337,39.557637],[-75.992633,39.563098],[-75.999669,39.560488],[-76.006213,39.550546],[-76.063379,39.546638],[-76.096072,39.536912],[-76.116831,39.496882],[-76.11461,39.488619],[-76.100218,39.476918],[-76.073119,39.475331],[-76.060988,39.447775],[-76.081176,39.436712],[-76.102232,39.435659],[-76.146373,39.40531],[-76.157108,39.406176],[-76.171134,39.392588],[-76.180057,39.377638],[-76.226976,39.349908],[-76.243377,39.361808],[-76.266365,39.353352],[-76.253928,39.336768],[-76.262008,39.334708],[-76.276078,39.322908],[-76.281578,39.302108],[-76.296546,39.302383],[-76.291078,39.318108],[-76.298778,39.329208],[-76.295678,39.350008],[-76.322687,39.357092],[-76.341443,39.354217],[-76.334401,39.335222],[-76.338898,39.325783],[-76.327579,39.314108],[-76.339817,39.304216],[-76.355495,39.312155],[-76.36439,39.31184],[-76.380662,39.299161],[-76.384901,39.275928],[-76.395136,39.269293],[-76.402047,39.258783],[-76.386937,39.249216],[-76.38138,39.249508],[-76.38438,39.242708],[-76.393626,39.232012],[-76.41762,39.219838],[-76.425281,39.205708],[-76.441411,39.196049],[-76.46156,39.204947],[-76.488883,39.202208],[-76.497977,39.204697],[-76.519804,39.222946],[-76.535885,39.211008],[-76.533103,39.20763],[-76.534185,39.190608],[-76.525785,39.177908],[-76.508384,39.169408],[-76.500926,39.161286],[-76.484023,39.164407],[-76.475983,39.161109],[-76.471483,39.154709],[-76.428681,39.131709],[-76.432481,39.126709],[-76.432981,39.113209],[-76.42186,39.081442],[-76.423081,39.07421],[-76.438845,39.0529],[-76.405081,39.033211],[-76.394699,39.0132],[-76.421535,38.989524],[-76.448928,38.982823],[-76.454581,38.974512],[-76.474198,38.972647],[-76.471281,38.956512],[-76.451695,38.94249],[-76.46188,38.924013],[-76.459479,38.907113],[-76.46938,38.907613],[-76.46948,38.911513],[-76.475761,38.914469],[-76.49368,38.910013],[-76.49068,38.884814],[-76.519442,38.863135],[-76.516944,38.851157],[-76.509285,38.848388],[-76.496579,38.853115],[-76.489878,38.838715],[-76.509314,38.802328],[-76.525531,38.794043],[-76.535207,38.778298],[-76.559697,38.767443],[-76.557535,38.744687],[-76.544561,38.727784],[-76.52718,38.727062],[-76.532409,38.680064],[-76.525007,38.647568],[-76.511278,38.615745],[-76.51634,38.590229],[-76.517506,38.539149],[-76.506023,38.50461],[-76.492699,38.482849],[-76.455799,38.451233],[-76.450937,38.442422],[-76.415384,38.414682],[-76.40271,38.396003],[-76.388348,38.387781],[-76.386229,38.382013],[-76.387408,38.360811],[-76.40494,38.341089],[-76.409291,38.325891],[-76.402894,38.311402],[-76.382163,38.303389],[-76.374517,38.296556],[-76.394171,38.278233],[-76.399313,38.259398],[-76.385244,38.217751],[-76.353799,38.178606],[-76.329711,38.15519],[-76.320492,38.138966],[-76.337342,38.120696],[-76.329165,38.071247],[-76.319476,38.043315],[-76.321499,38.03805],[-76.332812,38.049938],[-76.350656,38.053277],[-76.361237,38.059542],[-76.370845,38.077771],[-76.393121,38.103142],[-76.405368,38.106974],[-76.421066,38.105989],[-76.439841,38.138933],[-76.459236,38.139471],[-76.469798,38.119264],[-76.46533,38.10583],[-76.473266,38.103035],[-76.501258,38.137744],[-76.514824,38.141219],[-76.52899,38.134708],[-76.54038,38.152991],[-76.552957,38.187209],[-76.588683,38.21295],[-76.673462,38.234401],[-76.740055,38.235227],[-76.752017,38.222409],[-76.778625,38.22847],[-76.79659,38.236531],[-76.811647,38.250129],[-76.805949,38.252275],[-76.802347,38.280743],[-76.824834,38.30113],[-76.845846,38.297783],[-76.846221,38.29196],[-76.841703,38.289768],[-76.834908,38.274299],[-76.842038,38.254657],[-76.864292,38.268945],[-76.920778,38.291529],[-76.922161,38.311086],[-76.929554,38.321088],[-76.975092,38.347067],[-76.983582,38.362999],[-76.98828,38.394975],[-77.016371,38.445572],[-77.042879,38.443607],[-77.074174,38.425479],[-77.091073,38.407546],[-77.106571,38.406237],[-77.123325,38.410646],[-77.128872,38.399692],[-77.139968,38.390102],[-77.184917,38.366559],[-77.205009,38.360511],[-77.216729,38.363159],[-77.250172,38.382781],[-77.264238,38.414282],[-77.259962,38.435821],[-77.274021,38.481127],[-77.263599,38.512344],[-77.237724,38.55187],[-77.221117,38.555217],[-77.183767,38.600699],[-77.169968,38.60674],[-77.148651,38.6056],[-77.129213,38.614306],[-77.12463,38.619778],[-77.135901,38.649817],[-77.132501,38.673816],[-77.1059,38.696815],[-77.079499,38.709515],[-77.053199,38.709915],[-77.045498,38.714315],[-77.041398,38.724515],[-77.040098,38.789913],[-76.910795,38.891712],[-77.040999,38.99511],[-77.1199,38.934311],[-77.146601,38.96421],[-77.221502,38.97131],[-77.228395,38.978404],[-77.231601,38.979917],[-77.234803,38.97631],[-77.249803,38.985909],[-77.248303,38.992309],[-77.255703,39.002409],[-77.244603,39.020109],[-77.246003,39.024909],[-77.274706,39.034091],[-77.293105,39.046508],[-77.340287,39.062991],[-77.38568,39.061987],[-77.46145,39.075151],[-77.4858,39.109303],[-77.519929,39.120925],[-77.524559,39.127821],[-77.527282,39.146236],[-77.510631,39.178484],[-77.478596,39.189168],[-77.47361,39.208407],[-77.457943,39.222023],[-77.46021,39.228359],[-77.486813,39.247586],[-77.540581,39.264947],[-77.560854,39.286152],[-77.561826,39.301913],[-77.566596,39.306121],[-77.592739,39.30129],[-77.615939,39.302722],[-77.650997,39.310784],[-77.675846,39.324192],[-77.692984,39.31845],[-77.727379,39.321666],[-77.759615,39.337331],[-77.759315,39.345314],[-77.74593,39.353221],[-77.743874,39.359947],[-77.753389,39.382094],[-77.738084,39.386211],[-77.735905,39.389665],[-77.740012,39.401694],[-77.75872,39.42681],[-77.792751,39.430593],[-77.802866,39.439285],[-77.786052,39.444224],[-77.798144,39.455981],[-77.798468,39.46067],[-77.777815,39.461924],[-77.795634,39.471259],[-77.797787,39.47876],[-77.769125,39.490281],[-77.765993,39.495724],[-77.781608,39.499067],[-77.791765,39.490789],[-77.80183,39.489395],[-77.845666,39.498628],[-77.845103,39.505845],[-77.82565,39.516895],[-77.825357,39.529177],[-77.836935,39.53217],[-77.84192,39.51847],[-77.86368,39.515032],[-77.866518,39.520039],[-77.865351,39.538381],[-77.888945,39.55595],[-77.878451,39.563493],[-77.83633,39.56637],[-77.829753,39.59105],[-77.831813,39.601105],[-77.838008,39.606125],[-77.885124,39.615775],[-77.886959,39.613329],[-77.880993,39.602852],[-77.888477,39.597343],[-77.923298,39.604852],[-77.932862,39.617676],[-77.94194,39.61879],[-77.944622,39.616772],[-77.93545,39.608076],[-77.936371,39.594508],[-77.93905,39.587139],[-77.946182,39.584814],[-77.951955,39.592709],[-77.950599,39.603944],[-77.957642,39.608614],[-77.966223,39.607435],[-77.976686,39.599744],[-78.009985,39.602893],[-78.035992,39.63572],[-78.08226,39.671166],[-78.088592,39.671211],[-78.107834,39.682137],[-78.176625,39.695967],[-78.191107,39.690262],[-78.201081,39.677866],[-78.231564,39.674382],[-78.233012,39.670471],[-78.223864,39.662607],[-78.225075,39.658878],[-78.254077,39.640089],[-78.262189,39.630464],[-78.265088,39.619274],[-78.283039,39.62047],[-78.355218,39.640576],[-78.358735,39.635589],[-78.353878,39.627722],[-78.358343,39.625581],[-78.380504,39.629359],[-78.382959,39.622246],[-78.372404,39.612297],[-78.378181,39.608178],[-78.420549,39.624021],[-78.43025,39.62329],[-78.433002,39.61652],[-78.425581,39.607599],[-78.397471,39.590232],[-78.395317,39.584215],[-78.408031,39.578593],[-78.443175,39.591155],[-78.457187,39.587379],[-78.458338,39.580426],[-78.454376,39.574319],[-78.426537,39.559155],[-78.418777,39.548953],[-78.424053,39.546315],[-78.433828,39.548953],[-78.436378,39.539302],[-78.449499,39.542281],[-78.45105,39.536695],[-78.461911,39.532971],[-78.462899,39.52084],[-78.468639,39.516789],[-78.5032,39.518652],[-78.521388,39.52479],[-78.565929,39.519444],[-78.587079,39.52802],[-78.595603,39.535483],[-78.600511,39.533434],[-78.623037,39.539512],[-78.655984,39.534695],[-78.675629,39.540371],[-78.689455,39.54577],[-78.694626,39.553251],[-78.72501,39.563973],[-78.733979,39.586618],[-78.746421,39.579544],[-78.760196,39.582154],[-78.778141,39.601364],[-78.77686,39.604027],[-78.760497,39.609984],[-78.751514,39.609947],[-78.747063,39.60569],[-78.733759,39.613931],[-78.736189,39.621708],[-78.748499,39.626262],[-78.763171,39.618897],[-78.777516,39.621712],[-78.76584,39.648487],[-78.775241,39.645687],[-78.781341,39.636787],[-78.795941,39.637287],[-78.801741,39.627488],[-78.795857,39.606934],[-78.809347,39.608063],[-78.812215,39.597717],[-78.818899,39.59037],[-78.824788,39.590233],[-78.82636,39.577333],[-78.815114,39.571351],[-78.816764,39.561691],[-78.838553,39.5673],[-78.851196,39.559924],[-78.851016,39.554044],[-78.874744,39.522611],[-78.885996,39.522581],[-78.891197,39.5189],[-78.916488,39.486544],[-78.933613,39.48618],[-78.942293,39.480987],[-78.939164,39.475267],[-78.941969,39.469959],[-78.953333,39.463645],[-78.955483,39.442277],[-78.965484,39.438455],[-78.978826,39.448678],[-79.017147,39.466977],[-79.028159,39.46506],[-79.046276,39.483801],[-79.05388,39.480094],[-79.056583,39.471014],[-79.068627,39.474515],[-79.098059,39.472073],[-79.095428,39.462548],[-79.104217,39.448358],[-79.116369,39.440482],[-79.117932,39.434412],[-79.129047,39.429542],[-79.129816,39.419901],[-79.140699,39.416649],[-79.145453,39.407767],[-79.16134,39.411895],[-79.16722,39.393256],[-79.197937,39.386132],[-79.213961,39.36532],[-79.25227,39.356663],[-79.253891,39.337222],[-79.282037,39.323048],[-79.283723,39.30964],[-79.290236,39.299323],[-79.314768,39.304381],[-79.33238,39.299919],[-79.344344,39.293534],[-79.343625,39.287148],[-79.35375,39.278039],[-79.376154,39.273154],[-79.387023,39.26554],[-79.412051,39.240546],[-79.42035,39.23888],[-79.425059,39.233686],[-79.424413,39.228171],[-79.43983,39.217074],[-79.476037,39.203728],[-79.486862,39.205959],[-79.476662,39.721078],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.773558,39.722411],[-75.744394,39.767855],[-75.701208,39.802606],[-75.641518,39.828363],[-75.594846,39.837286]]],[[[-76.048373,38.12055],[-76.061,38.127002],[-76.089018,38.115287],[-76.095548,38.125123],[-76.089017,38.141033],[-76.092334,38.151355],[-76.088639,38.192649],[-76.07147,38.203502],[-76.050511,38.203714],[-76.02217,38.177882],[-76.021941,38.171976],[-76.032767,38.169154],[-76.034038,38.157902],[-76.022515,38.133453],[-76.012487,38.131731],[-76.011916,38.122214],[-76.020496,38.117044],[-76.021305,38.108608],[-76.008168,38.095385],[-76.005904,38.07717],[-76.011544,38.072312],[-76.0233,38.07076],[-76.036676,38.076509],[-76.05831,38.094906],[-76.050156,38.107758],[-76.03962,38.11199],[-76.048373,38.12055]]],[[[-76.022325,37.953878],[-76.045561,37.953669],[-76.049608,37.983628],[-76.048617,38.014843],[-76.041668,38.032148],[-76.013128,38.039762],[-75.991846,38.025497],[-75.973432,38.018841],[-75.970345,38.008222],[-75.98502,38.001855],[-75.99473,37.974694],[-75.988879,37.960337],[-75.993905,37.953489],[-76.022325,37.953878]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Delaware\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb6e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, R.W.","contributorId":70434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smigaj, M.J.","contributorId":17682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smigaj","given":"M.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54659,"text":"wdrMDDE921 - 1992 - Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1992, Volume 1. Surface-water data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T19:40:46.994517","indexId":"wdrMDDE921","displayToPublicDate":"2021-01-22T14:50:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MD-DE-92-1","displayTitle":"Water Resources Data Maryland and Delaware, Water Year 1992, Volume 1. Surface-Water Data","title":"Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1992, Volume 1. Surface-water data","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMDDE921","usgsCitation":"James, R., Simmons, R., Strain, B., and Hornlein, J., 1992, Water resources data Maryland and Delaware, water year 1992, Volume 1. Surface-water data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MD-DE-92-1, 373 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMDDE921.","productDescription":"373 p.","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":381980,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/md-de-92-1/wdrMDDE921.pdf","text":"Report","size":"14.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Water Data Report MD-DE-92-1"},{"id":181617,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1992/md-de-92-1/wdrMDDE921_coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.564927,39.583248],[-75.576271,39.588144],[-75.579615,39.598656],[-75.565823,39.590608],[-75.564927,39.583248]]],[[[-75.55587,39.605824],[-75.561934,39.605216],[-75.570798,39.626768],[-75.559446,39.629812],[-75.55587,39.605824]]],[[[-75.594846,39.837286],[-75.539346,39.838211],[-75.498843,39.833312],[-75.45374,39.820312],[-75.405337,39.796213],[-75.437938,39.783413],[-75.459439,39.765813],[-75.474168,39.735473],[-75.47764,39.715013],[-75.488553,39.714833],[-75.496241,39.701413],[-75.509042,39.694513],[-75.509742,39.686113],[-75.529744,39.692613],[-75.562246,39.656712],[-75.587147,39.651012],[-75.614065,39.61832],[-75.611905,39.597568],[-75.563034,39.56224],[-75.570362,39.527223],[-75.560728,39.520472],[-75.566933,39.508273],[-75.576436,39.509195],[-75.587729,39.496353],[-75.593068,39.479186],[-75.589901,39.462022],[-75.570985,39.442486],[-75.57183,39.438897],[-75.538512,39.416502],[-75.512996,39.366153],[-75.494158,39.354613],[-75.491688,39.343963],[-75.439027,39.313384],[-75.435551,39.297546],[-75.427953,39.285049],[-75.402964,39.254626],[-75.405716,39.223834],[-75.396892,39.216141],[-75.393015,39.204512],[-75.39479,39.188354],[-75.408266,39.174625],[-75.410625,39.156246],[-75.401193,39.088762],[-75.402035,39.066885],[-75.387914,39.051174],[-75.345763,39.024857],[-75.318354,38.988191],[-75.311607,38.967637],[-75.311923,38.945917],[-75.302552,38.939002],[-75.312282,38.924594],[-75.304078,38.91316],[-75.190552,38.806861],[-75.160748,38.791224],[-75.134022,38.782242],[-75.113331,38.782998],[-75.097103,38.788703],[-75.093654,38.793992],[-75.097197,38.803101],[-75.093805,38.803812],[-75.089473,38.797198],[-75.082153,38.772157],[-75.06551,38.66103],[-75.048939,38.451263],[-75.06137,38.389466],[-75.085171,38.325096],[-75.092142,38.323252],[-75.102947,38.311525],[-75.192925,38.097819],[-75.241817,38.027802],[-75.624341,37.994211],[-75.633833,37.984519],[-75.628855,37.977798],[-75.630992,37.975667],[-75.638221,37.979397],[-75.648229,37.966775],[-75.647606,37.947027],[-75.655681,37.945435],[-75.669711,37.950796],[-75.663095,37.961195],[-75.671681,37.966576],[-75.71315,37.976623],[-75.737514,37.963705],[-75.759091,37.970663],[-75.783444,37.972565],[-75.831707,37.934789],[-75.860727,37.91831],[-75.885032,37.911717],[-75.892686,37.916848],[-75.898316,37.925114],[-75.894065,37.93079],[-75.890871,37.954847],[-75.898956,37.974514],[-75.875297,38.011965],[-75.87319,38.034375],[-75.858891,38.03839],[-75.847922,38.03437],[-75.830023,38.042845],[-75.812913,38.058932],[-75.819415,38.066606],[-75.844265,38.072272],[-75.858944,38.067323],[-75.859005,38.060717],[-75.871503,38.05887],[-75.880515,38.075011],[-75.86381,38.100968],[-75.837563,38.113753],[-75.827993,38.132803],[-75.843862,38.144599],[-75.868636,38.134381],[-75.900355,38.14115],[-75.936773,38.124355],[-75.936663,38.109956],[-75.945297,38.113091],[-75.958786,38.135572],[-75.947534,38.168274],[-75.951812,38.176053],[-75.942375,38.187066],[-75.888073,38.203813],[-75.878293,38.198407],[-75.864104,38.200858],[-75.848473,38.20934],[-75.851396,38.226432],[-75.874653,38.244514],[-75.887409,38.24208],[-75.885676,38.231006],[-75.894583,38.228439],[-75.90845,38.246648],[-75.911143,38.257951],[-75.938577,38.272329],[-75.954483,38.264366],[-75.954582,38.254108],[-75.940697,38.246902],[-75.946414,38.23889],[-75.970514,38.233668],[-75.964528,38.240692],[-75.963453,38.251793],[-75.984274,38.265155],[-75.990385,38.282915],[-76.007118,38.303994],[-76.016291,38.307206],[-76.009377,38.311997],[-75.969577,38.320044],[-75.964237,38.324285],[-75.961948,38.341431],[-75.973876,38.36585],[-76.001839,38.374343],[-76.011869,38.360582],[-76.010437,38.352504],[-76.016682,38.332429],[-76.041431,38.322163],[-76.049609,38.309348],[-76.05022,38.304101],[-76.030532,38.28796],[-76.028234,38.282035],[-76.043927,38.249712],[-76.032044,38.216684],[-76.05801,38.227079],[-76.069502,38.238455],[-76.074491,38.251148],[-76.09972,38.253647],[-76.107592,38.262525],[-76.102549,38.277153],[-76.111296,38.286946],[-76.137238,38.281648],[-76.166154,38.290431],[-76.180115,38.277019],[-76.175783,38.261551],[-76.164388,38.250061],[-76.146297,38.249678],[-76.126623,38.242949],[-76.125856,38.23888],[-76.131332,38.23288],[-76.151035,38.234215],[-76.17335,38.247037],[-76.188644,38.267434],[-76.190531,38.277139],[-76.211446,38.302656],[-76.226376,38.309988],[-76.243897,38.310313],[-76.258189,38.318373],[-76.266602,38.339502],[-76.264186,38.346436],[-76.259286,38.341619],[-76.238452,38.347986],[-76.23901,38.350738],[-76.249666,38.364214],[-76.273003,38.366483],[-76.281697,38.39147],[-76.28302,38.413512],[-76.331383,38.473323],[-76.33636,38.492235],[-76.327257,38.500121],[-76.318054,38.498199],[-76.289507,38.503906],[-76.263968,38.503452],[-76.247894,38.523019],[-76.244396,38.536966],[-76.253624,38.539393],[-76.278106,38.532468],[-76.281047,38.53613],[-76.275913,38.548809],[-76.27964,38.557231],[-76.289017,38.567982],[-76.308321,38.571769],[-76.273496,38.59139],[-76.268633,38.597753],[-76.279589,38.60952],[-76.271827,38.615661],[-76.264155,38.615109],[-76.23665,38.628598],[-76.231187,38.61401],[-76.212427,38.606738],[-76.174969,38.628791],[-76.160148,38.625452],[-76.147158,38.63684],[-76.154889,38.656268],[-76.174611,38.672811],[-76.199722,38.671127],[-76.212808,38.681892],[-76.237818,38.711762],[-76.238685,38.735434],[-76.255093,38.736476],[-76.270277,38.724385],[-76.271553,38.713576],[-76.275015,38.712714],[-76.298499,38.718005],[-76.298186,38.726255],[-76.316146,38.729586],[-76.330149,38.714682],[-76.333532,38.705063],[-76.321865,38.689512],[-76.322418,38.679304],[-76.33861,38.672023],[-76.34322,38.67688],[-76.347998,38.686234],[-76.340543,38.730338],[-76.341288,38.751505],[-76.334619,38.772911],[-76.323768,38.779287],[-76.310743,38.795996],[-76.308922,38.813346],[-76.301886,38.824595],[-76.277854,38.831256],[-76.271575,38.851771],[-76.264221,38.851572],[-76.265759,38.847638],[-76.250364,38.825438],[-76.221162,38.813052],[-76.198138,38.81444],[-76.19109,38.82966],[-76.202598,38.862616],[-76.200082,38.882885],[-76.205063,38.892726],[-76.203638,38.928382],[-76.213731,38.937269],[-76.232038,38.942518],[-76.250157,38.938667],[-76.249163,38.9218],[-76.255819,38.919008],[-76.262226,38.919976],[-76.273022,38.94184],[-76.29558,38.928855],[-76.299431,38.918542],[-76.293255,38.902582],[-76.308425,38.898404],[-76.317947,38.911312],[-76.336104,38.905977],[-76.338501,38.892474],[-76.331103,38.864686],[-76.340587,38.85574],[-76.348826,38.857134],[-76.35996,38.852586],[-76.368164,38.836194],[-76.375086,38.839474],[-76.376031,38.848777],[-76.364678,38.873831],[-76.365658,38.907477],[-76.361727,38.939175],[-76.353828,38.957234],[-76.323293,38.998767],[-76.320277,39.022998],[-76.311766,39.035257],[-76.302029,39.039571],[-76.302846,39.025828],[-76.29409,39.004263],[-76.278058,38.983246],[-76.258813,38.983664],[-76.229993,38.977728],[-76.218929,38.970538],[-76.20236,38.973079],[-76.164004,38.99953],[-76.163616,39.010057],[-76.184207,39.046264],[-76.175284,39.058805],[-76.15896,39.065486],[-76.145174,39.092824],[-76.183908,39.096344],[-76.203333,39.085654],[-76.212563,39.041641],[-76.208502,39.024818],[-76.200666,39.01452],[-76.209114,39.01001],[-76.231765,39.018518],[-76.242687,39.028926],[-76.231212,39.060769],[-76.233457,39.091385],[-76.260343,39.142722],[-76.278527,39.145764],[-76.274741,39.164961],[-76.251032,39.199214],[-76.219338,39.261997],[-76.211306,39.269761],[-76.203031,39.269871],[-76.181496,39.291797],[-76.176804,39.306229],[-76.186024,39.312462],[-76.186001,39.317814],[-76.170588,39.331954],[-76.159673,39.335909],[-76.145524,39.334399],[-76.133225,39.340491],[-76.136971,39.344414],[-76.13495,39.35107],[-76.116698,39.360744],[-76.110598,39.372119],[-76.049846,39.370644],[-76.02299,39.361896],[-76.002408,39.367501],[-76.002514,39.384805],[-76.035464,39.386176],[-76.040854,39.393594],[-76.035298,39.401609],[-76.00688,39.414527],[-75.996697,39.430549],[-75.982585,39.435287],[-75.977751,39.44302],[-75.976698,39.44569],[-75.990005,39.458646],[-75.998276,39.457182],[-76.002497,39.450231],[-76.009071,39.449256],[-76.01188,39.452524],[-75.99657,39.476658],[-75.986298,39.510398],[-75.976105,39.529876],[-75.966955,39.53865],[-75.970337,39.557637],[-75.992633,39.563098],[-75.999669,39.560488],[-76.006213,39.550546],[-76.063379,39.546638],[-76.096072,39.536912],[-76.116831,39.496882],[-76.11461,39.488619],[-76.100218,39.476918],[-76.073119,39.475331],[-76.060988,39.447775],[-76.081176,39.436712],[-76.102232,39.435659],[-76.146373,39.40531],[-76.157108,39.406176],[-76.171134,39.392588],[-76.180057,39.377638],[-76.226976,39.349908],[-76.243377,39.361808],[-76.266365,39.353352],[-76.253928,39.336768],[-76.262008,39.334708],[-76.276078,39.322908],[-76.281578,39.302108],[-76.296546,39.302383],[-76.291078,39.318108],[-76.298778,39.329208],[-76.295678,39.350008],[-76.322687,39.357092],[-76.341443,39.354217],[-76.334401,39.335222],[-76.338898,39.325783],[-76.327579,39.314108],[-76.339817,39.304216],[-76.355495,39.312155],[-76.36439,39.31184],[-76.380662,39.299161],[-76.384901,39.275928],[-76.395136,39.269293],[-76.402047,39.258783],[-76.386937,39.249216],[-76.38138,39.249508],[-76.38438,39.242708],[-76.393626,39.232012],[-76.41762,39.219838],[-76.425281,39.205708],[-76.441411,39.196049],[-76.46156,39.204947],[-76.488883,39.202208],[-76.497977,39.204697],[-76.519804,39.222946],[-76.535885,39.211008],[-76.533103,39.20763],[-76.534185,39.190608],[-76.525785,39.177908],[-76.508384,39.169408],[-76.500926,39.161286],[-76.484023,39.164407],[-76.475983,39.161109],[-76.471483,39.154709],[-76.428681,39.131709],[-76.432481,39.126709],[-76.432981,39.113209],[-76.42186,39.081442],[-76.423081,39.07421],[-76.438845,39.0529],[-76.405081,39.033211],[-76.394699,39.0132],[-76.421535,38.989524],[-76.448928,38.982823],[-76.454581,38.974512],[-76.474198,38.972647],[-76.471281,38.956512],[-76.451695,38.94249],[-76.46188,38.924013],[-76.459479,38.907113],[-76.46938,38.907613],[-76.46948,38.911513],[-76.475761,38.914469],[-76.49368,38.910013],[-76.49068,38.884814],[-76.519442,38.863135],[-76.516944,38.851157],[-76.509285,38.848388],[-76.496579,38.853115],[-76.489878,38.838715],[-76.509314,38.802328],[-76.525531,38.794043],[-76.535207,38.778298],[-76.559697,38.767443],[-76.557535,38.744687],[-76.544561,38.727784],[-76.52718,38.727062],[-76.532409,38.680064],[-76.525007,38.647568],[-76.511278,38.615745],[-76.51634,38.590229],[-76.517506,38.539149],[-76.506023,38.50461],[-76.492699,38.482849],[-76.455799,38.451233],[-76.450937,38.442422],[-76.415384,38.414682],[-76.40271,38.396003],[-76.388348,38.387781],[-76.386229,38.382013],[-76.387408,38.360811],[-76.40494,38.341089],[-76.409291,38.325891],[-76.402894,38.311402],[-76.382163,38.303389],[-76.374517,38.296556],[-76.394171,38.278233],[-76.399313,38.259398],[-76.385244,38.217751],[-76.353799,38.178606],[-76.329711,38.15519],[-76.320492,38.138966],[-76.337342,38.120696],[-76.329165,38.071247],[-76.319476,38.043315],[-76.321499,38.03805],[-76.332812,38.049938],[-76.350656,38.053277],[-76.361237,38.059542],[-76.370845,38.077771],[-76.393121,38.103142],[-76.405368,38.106974],[-76.421066,38.105989],[-76.439841,38.138933],[-76.459236,38.139471],[-76.469798,38.119264],[-76.46533,38.10583],[-76.473266,38.103035],[-76.501258,38.137744],[-76.514824,38.141219],[-76.52899,38.134708],[-76.54038,38.152991],[-76.552957,38.187209],[-76.588683,38.21295],[-76.673462,38.234401],[-76.740055,38.235227],[-76.752017,38.222409],[-76.778625,38.22847],[-76.79659,38.236531],[-76.811647,38.250129],[-76.805949,38.252275],[-76.802347,38.280743],[-76.824834,38.30113],[-76.845846,38.297783],[-76.846221,38.29196],[-76.841703,38.289768],[-76.834908,38.274299],[-76.842038,38.254657],[-76.864292,38.268945],[-76.920778,38.291529],[-76.922161,38.311086],[-76.929554,38.321088],[-76.975092,38.347067],[-76.983582,38.362999],[-76.98828,38.394975],[-77.016371,38.445572],[-77.042879,38.443607],[-77.074174,38.425479],[-77.091073,38.407546],[-77.106571,38.406237],[-77.123325,38.410646],[-77.128872,38.399692],[-77.139968,38.390102],[-77.184917,38.366559],[-77.205009,38.360511],[-77.216729,38.363159],[-77.250172,38.382781],[-77.264238,38.414282],[-77.259962,38.435821],[-77.274021,38.481127],[-77.263599,38.512344],[-77.237724,38.55187],[-77.221117,38.555217],[-77.183767,38.600699],[-77.169968,38.60674],[-77.148651,38.6056],[-77.129213,38.614306],[-77.12463,38.619778],[-77.135901,38.649817],[-77.132501,38.673816],[-77.1059,38.696815],[-77.079499,38.709515],[-77.053199,38.709915],[-77.045498,38.714315],[-77.041398,38.724515],[-77.040098,38.789913],[-76.910795,38.891712],[-77.040999,38.99511],[-77.1199,38.934311],[-77.146601,38.96421],[-77.221502,38.97131],[-77.228395,38.978404],[-77.231601,38.979917],[-77.234803,38.97631],[-77.249803,38.985909],[-77.248303,38.992309],[-77.255703,39.002409],[-77.244603,39.020109],[-77.246003,39.024909],[-77.274706,39.034091],[-77.293105,39.046508],[-77.340287,39.062991],[-77.38568,39.061987],[-77.46145,39.075151],[-77.4858,39.109303],[-77.519929,39.120925],[-77.524559,39.127821],[-77.527282,39.146236],[-77.510631,39.178484],[-77.478596,39.189168],[-77.47361,39.208407],[-77.457943,39.222023],[-77.46021,39.228359],[-77.486813,39.247586],[-77.540581,39.264947],[-77.560854,39.286152],[-77.561826,39.301913],[-77.566596,39.306121],[-77.592739,39.30129],[-77.615939,39.302722],[-77.650997,39.310784],[-77.675846,39.324192],[-77.692984,39.31845],[-77.727379,39.321666],[-77.759615,39.337331],[-77.759315,39.345314],[-77.74593,39.353221],[-77.743874,39.359947],[-77.753389,39.382094],[-77.738084,39.386211],[-77.735905,39.389665],[-77.740012,39.401694],[-77.75872,39.42681],[-77.792751,39.430593],[-77.802866,39.439285],[-77.786052,39.444224],[-77.798144,39.455981],[-77.798468,39.46067],[-77.777815,39.461924],[-77.795634,39.471259],[-77.797787,39.47876],[-77.769125,39.490281],[-77.765993,39.495724],[-77.781608,39.499067],[-77.791765,39.490789],[-77.80183,39.489395],[-77.845666,39.498628],[-77.845103,39.505845],[-77.82565,39.516895],[-77.825357,39.529177],[-77.836935,39.53217],[-77.84192,39.51847],[-77.86368,39.515032],[-77.866518,39.520039],[-77.865351,39.538381],[-77.888945,39.55595],[-77.878451,39.563493],[-77.83633,39.56637],[-77.829753,39.59105],[-77.831813,39.601105],[-77.838008,39.606125],[-77.885124,39.615775],[-77.886959,39.613329],[-77.880993,39.602852],[-77.888477,39.597343],[-77.923298,39.604852],[-77.932862,39.617676],[-77.94194,39.61879],[-77.944622,39.616772],[-77.93545,39.608076],[-77.936371,39.594508],[-77.93905,39.587139],[-77.946182,39.584814],[-77.951955,39.592709],[-77.950599,39.603944],[-77.957642,39.608614],[-77.966223,39.607435],[-77.976686,39.599744],[-78.009985,39.602893],[-78.035992,39.63572],[-78.08226,39.671166],[-78.088592,39.671211],[-78.107834,39.682137],[-78.176625,39.695967],[-78.191107,39.690262],[-78.201081,39.677866],[-78.231564,39.674382],[-78.233012,39.670471],[-78.223864,39.662607],[-78.225075,39.658878],[-78.254077,39.640089],[-78.262189,39.630464],[-78.265088,39.619274],[-78.283039,39.62047],[-78.355218,39.640576],[-78.358735,39.635589],[-78.353878,39.627722],[-78.358343,39.625581],[-78.380504,39.629359],[-78.382959,39.622246],[-78.372404,39.612297],[-78.378181,39.608178],[-78.420549,39.624021],[-78.43025,39.62329],[-78.433002,39.61652],[-78.425581,39.607599],[-78.397471,39.590232],[-78.395317,39.584215],[-78.408031,39.578593],[-78.443175,39.591155],[-78.457187,39.587379],[-78.458338,39.580426],[-78.454376,39.574319],[-78.426537,39.559155],[-78.418777,39.548953],[-78.424053,39.546315],[-78.433828,39.548953],[-78.436378,39.539302],[-78.449499,39.542281],[-78.45105,39.536695],[-78.461911,39.532971],[-78.462899,39.52084],[-78.468639,39.516789],[-78.5032,39.518652],[-78.521388,39.52479],[-78.565929,39.519444],[-78.587079,39.52802],[-78.595603,39.535483],[-78.600511,39.533434],[-78.623037,39.539512],[-78.655984,39.534695],[-78.675629,39.540371],[-78.689455,39.54577],[-78.694626,39.553251],[-78.72501,39.563973],[-78.733979,39.586618],[-78.746421,39.579544],[-78.760196,39.582154],[-78.778141,39.601364],[-78.77686,39.604027],[-78.760497,39.609984],[-78.751514,39.609947],[-78.747063,39.60569],[-78.733759,39.613931],[-78.736189,39.621708],[-78.748499,39.626262],[-78.763171,39.618897],[-78.777516,39.621712],[-78.76584,39.648487],[-78.775241,39.645687],[-78.781341,39.636787],[-78.795941,39.637287],[-78.801741,39.627488],[-78.795857,39.606934],[-78.809347,39.608063],[-78.812215,39.597717],[-78.818899,39.59037],[-78.824788,39.590233],[-78.82636,39.577333],[-78.815114,39.571351],[-78.816764,39.561691],[-78.838553,39.5673],[-78.851196,39.559924],[-78.851016,39.554044],[-78.874744,39.522611],[-78.885996,39.522581],[-78.891197,39.5189],[-78.916488,39.486544],[-78.933613,39.48618],[-78.942293,39.480987],[-78.939164,39.475267],[-78.941969,39.469959],[-78.953333,39.463645],[-78.955483,39.442277],[-78.965484,39.438455],[-78.978826,39.448678],[-79.017147,39.466977],[-79.028159,39.46506],[-79.046276,39.483801],[-79.05388,39.480094],[-79.056583,39.471014],[-79.068627,39.474515],[-79.098059,39.472073],[-79.095428,39.462548],[-79.104217,39.448358],[-79.116369,39.440482],[-79.117932,39.434412],[-79.129047,39.429542],[-79.129816,39.419901],[-79.140699,39.416649],[-79.145453,39.407767],[-79.16134,39.411895],[-79.16722,39.393256],[-79.197937,39.386132],[-79.213961,39.36532],[-79.25227,39.356663],[-79.253891,39.337222],[-79.282037,39.323048],[-79.283723,39.30964],[-79.290236,39.299323],[-79.314768,39.304381],[-79.33238,39.299919],[-79.344344,39.293534],[-79.343625,39.287148],[-79.35375,39.278039],[-79.376154,39.273154],[-79.387023,39.26554],[-79.412051,39.240546],[-79.42035,39.23888],[-79.425059,39.233686],[-79.424413,39.228171],[-79.43983,39.217074],[-79.476037,39.203728],[-79.486862,39.205959],[-79.476662,39.721078],[-75.788359,39.721811],[-75.773558,39.722411],[-75.744394,39.767855],[-75.701208,39.802606],[-75.641518,39.828363],[-75.594846,39.837286]]],[[[-76.048373,38.12055],[-76.061,38.127002],[-76.089018,38.115287],[-76.095548,38.125123],[-76.089017,38.141033],[-76.092334,38.151355],[-76.088639,38.192649],[-76.07147,38.203502],[-76.050511,38.203714],[-76.02217,38.177882],[-76.021941,38.171976],[-76.032767,38.169154],[-76.034038,38.157902],[-76.022515,38.133453],[-76.012487,38.131731],[-76.011916,38.122214],[-76.020496,38.117044],[-76.021305,38.108608],[-76.008168,38.095385],[-76.005904,38.07717],[-76.011544,38.072312],[-76.0233,38.07076],[-76.036676,38.076509],[-76.05831,38.094906],[-76.050156,38.107758],[-76.03962,38.11199],[-76.048373,38.12055]]],[[[-76.022325,37.953878],[-76.045561,37.953669],[-76.049608,37.983628],[-76.048617,38.014843],[-76.041668,38.032148],[-76.013128,38.039762],[-75.991846,38.025497],[-75.973432,38.018841],[-75.970345,38.008222],[-75.98502,38.001855],[-75.99473,37.974694],[-75.988879,37.960337],[-75.993905,37.953489],[-76.022325,37.953878]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Delaware\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ae4b07f02db5fb70f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"James, R.W.","contributorId":70434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simmons, R.H.","contributorId":19982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simmons","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Strain, B.F.","contributorId":76388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strain","given":"B.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hornlein, J.F.","contributorId":102554,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornlein","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70186970,"text":"70186970 - 1992 - Analyzing vegetation dynamics of land systems with satellite data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-17T14:06:53","indexId":"70186970","displayToPublicDate":"2017-04-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1753,"text":"Geocarto International","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analyzing vegetation dynamics of land systems with satellite data","docAbstract":"<p>Large area assessment of vegetation conditions is a major requirement for understanding the impact of weather on food, fiber, and forage production. The distribution of vegetation is largely associated with climate, terrain characteristics, and human activity. The interpretation of vegetation dynamics from satellite data can be improved by stratifying the land surface into ecoregions. The Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, has developed a system for mapping major land resource areas (MLRA) that groups land areas in the United States on the basis of climate, physiography, land use, and land cover characteristics.</p><p>In 1989, the U.S. Geological Survey used National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather satellite data to conduct a biweekly assessment of vegetation conditions in 17 western states. Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data were acquired daily, and were geographically registered, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was computed for the Western United States during the 1989 growing season. Fifteen biweekly NDVI data sets were used to evaluate MLRA's as an appropriate stratification for monitoring and interpreting vegetation conditions in the study area.</p><p>The results demonstrate the feasibility of using MLRA's to stratify areas for monitoring phenological development and vegetation condition assessment within the growing season. Assessments of the NDVI at biweekly intervals are adequate for monitoring seasonal growth patterns on MLRA's where rangelands, forests, or cultivated agriculture are the primary resource type. Descriptive statistics are indicators of the uniformity or diversity of land use and land cover within an MLRA. Growing season profiles of the NDVI are characterized by the seasonal effects of climate on various land use and land cover classes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10106049209354352","usgsCitation":"Eidenshink, J.C., and Haas, R.H., 1992, Analyzing vegetation dynamics of land systems with satellite data: Geocarto International, v. 7, no. 1, p. 53-61, https://doi.org/10.1080/10106049209354352.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"53","endPage":"61","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339806,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58f5d445e4b0f2e20545e43b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":691259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haas, Robert H.","contributorId":93388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":691260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70179971,"text":"70179971 - 1992 - Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1992","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:16:45","indexId":"70179971","displayToPublicDate":"2016-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":110,"text":"Cooperative Investigations Report","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":2}},"seriesNumber":"32","title":"Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1992","docAbstract":"<p>This is the twenty-ninth in a series of annual reports that describe ground-water conditions in Utah. Reports in this series, published cooperatively by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Utah Division of Water Resources, provide data to enable interested parties to keep abreast of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report, like the others in the series, contains information on well construction, ground-water withdrawal from wells, water-level changes, related changes in precipitation and streamflow, and chemical quality of water. Supplementary data, such as maps showing water-level contours, are included in reports of this series only for those years or areas for which applicable data are available and are important to a discussion of changing ground-water conditions.</p><p>This report includes individual discussions of selected major areas of ground-water development in the State for the calendar year 1991. Water-level fluctuations and selected related data, however, are described from the spring of 1987 to the spring of 1992. Most of the data used in this report were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Division of Water Rights and Division of Water Resources, Utah Department of Natural Resources.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Utah, Division of Water Resources and Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Batty, D., Herbert, L.R., Sory, J., Hanson, K.M., Eads, J.P., Smith, G.J., Danner, M., Drumiler, M., Garrett, R., Gerner, S., Slaugh, B., Swenson, R., Howells, J., Christiansen, H., and Thomas, B., 1992, Ground-water conditions in Utah, spring of 1992: Cooperative Investigations Report 32, ix, 91 p.","productDescription":"ix, 91 p","numberOfPages":"104","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":333626,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":333624,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=50-1-173"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5883303be4b0d0023163781c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Batty, D.M.","contributorId":178513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batty","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sory, J.D.","contributorId":178510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sory","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanson, Karen M. khanson@usgs.gov","contributorId":936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanson","given":"Karen","email":"khanson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":659372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Eads, James P.","contributorId":178506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eads","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, G. J.","contributorId":80767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Danner, M.R.","contributorId":178514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Danner","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Drumiler, M.M.","contributorId":178512,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drumiler","given":"M.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Garrett, R. B.","contributorId":35810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Gerner, S.J.","contributorId":16083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerner","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Slaugh, B.A.","contributorId":178515,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Slaugh","given":"B.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Swenson, R.L.","contributorId":178508,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Swenson","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Howells, J.H.","contributorId":178516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howells","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Christiansen, H.K.","contributorId":178517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christiansen","given":"H.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Thomas, B.K.","contributorId":177516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":659383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70179248,"text":"70179248 - 1992 - Use of semipermeable membrane devices for in situ monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-22T14:42:11","indexId":"70179248","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of semipermeable membrane devices for in situ monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments","docAbstract":"<p>A method is given for the recovery, cleanup, and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that have been sequestered in SPMDs (semipermeable membrane devices). SPMDs are polymeric membranes enclosing lipids, and mimic the bioconcentration process of aquatic animals. SPMDs are used as passive, in situ monitors of contamination by organic pollutants of aquatic environments. The method reported here includes dialytic recovery of the PAHs, cleanup of the dialysates using size exclusion, adsorption, and argentation chromatographic modules in tandem, then analysis by gas chromatography with photoionization or mass spectrometric detection. The method is demonstrated to overcome the presence of a variety of environmental co-contaminants and other potential interferents in the dialysates. A field application is also demonstrated in which SPMDs are used to monitor PAH contamination in an urban creek. Approaches to the use of SPMD data to calculate aqueous concentrations of PAHs are discussed. The use of SPMDs in combination with the complementary, PAH-specific cleanup procedure provides a unique approach to the analysis of PAH residues in the aquatic environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0045-6535(92)90432-Q","usgsCitation":"Lebo, J.A., Zajicek, J.L., Huckins, J.N., Petty, J.D., and Peterman, P.H., 1992, Use of semipermeable membrane devices for in situ monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments: Chemosphere, v. 25, no. 5, p. 697-718, https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(92)90432-Q.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"697","endPage":"718","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585cf502e4b01224f329bce4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lebo, Jon A.","contributorId":176696,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lebo","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zajicek, James L. jzajicek@usgs.gov","contributorId":2775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zajicek","given":"James","email":"jzajicek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":656530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huckins, James N.","contributorId":83454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huckins","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Petty, Jimmie D.","contributorId":175402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petty","given":"Jimmie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterman, Paul H. ppeterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterman","given":"Paul","email":"ppeterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70179099,"text":"70179099 - 1992 - Seepage study of the Timpanogos, Wasatch, Sagebrush and Spring Creek, Upper Charleston, and Lower Charleston Canals, Wasatch County, Utah.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T16:06:33","indexId":"70179099","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"104","title":"Seepage study of the Timpanogos, Wasatch, Sagebrush and Spring Creek, Upper Charleston, and Lower Charleston Canals, Wasatch County, Utah.","docAbstract":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\" data-mce-style=\"text-align: left;\">A seepage study was made during 1989 on selected reaches of the Timpanogos, Wasatch, Sagebrush and Spring Creek, Upper Charleston, and Lower Charleston Canals in Wasatch County, Utah, to determine gains or losses in discharge. Fluctuations in discharge were adjusted using information from water-stage recorders operated at selected locations during each set· of measurements. The investigation showed a net loss of about 14.9 cubic feet per second in the Timpanogos Canal: the upstream reach gained about 2.0 cubic feet per second, the two middle reaches together lost about 14.1 cubic feet per second, and the downstream reach lost about 2.8 cubic feet per second. The Wasatch Canal showed a net loss of about 8.2 cubic feet per second: the upstream reach lost about 3.7 cubic feet per second, the middle reach showed no gain or loss, and the downstream reach lost about 4.5 cubic feet per second. The Sagebrush and Spring Creek Canal showed a net loss of about 0.5 cubic foot per second: the upstream reach gained about 0.6 cubic foot per second, the middle reach showed no gain or loss, and the downstream reach lost about 1.1 cubic feet per second. The Upper Charleston Canal showed a net gain of about 4.0 cubic feet per second: the upstream reach gained about 5.0 cubic feet per second, and the down-stream reach lost about 1.0 cubic foot per second. The Lower Charleston Canal showed a net gain of about 1.8 cubic feet per second: the upstream reach gained about 2.2 cubic feet per second, and the downstream reach lost about 0.4 cubic foot per second.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Herbert, L.R., Burden, C.B., and Thomas, B., 1992, Seepage study of the Timpanogos, Wasatch, Sagebrush and Spring Creek, Upper Charleston, and Lower Charleston Canals, Wasatch County, Utah.: Technical Publication 104, iv, 44 p.","productDescription":"iv, 44 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332198,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-530"},{"id":332199,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/y920/y920000b.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Wasatch County","otherGeospatial":"Timpanogos, Wasatch, Sagebrush and Spring Creek, Upper Charleston, and Lower Charleston Canals","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.6,\n              40.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6,\n              40.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4,\n              40.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.4,\n              40.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.6,\n              40.4\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58550b8de4b02bdf681568d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herbert, L. R.","contributorId":39865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herbert","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burden, Carole B. cburden@usgs.gov","contributorId":852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burden","given":"Carole","email":"cburden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, B.K.","contributorId":177516,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70175014,"text":"70175014 - 1992 - Sources of nitrogen and phosphorous to northern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-26T15:43:05","indexId":"70175014","displayToPublicDate":"2016-01-13T10:15:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of nitrogen and phosphorous to northern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"<div id=\"yui_3_14_1_1_1469565259351_755\" class=\"publication-abstract\" data-reactid=\"87\">\n<div id=\"yui_3_14_1_1_1469565259351_754\" class=\"nova-e-text nova-e-text--size-l nova-e-text--family-sans-serif nova-e-text--spacing-auto\" data-reactid=\"90\">We studied nutrient sources to the Sacramento River and Suisun Bay (northern San Francisco Bay) and the influence which these sources have on the distributions of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in the river and bay. We found that agricultural return flow drains and a municipal wastewater treatment plant were the largest sources of nutrients to the river during low river flow. The Sutter and Colusa agricultural drains contributed about 70% of the transport of DIN and DRP by the river above Sacramento (about 20% of the total transport by the river) between August 8 and September 26, 1985. Further downstream, the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant discharged DIN and DRP at rates that were roughly 70% of total DIN and DRP transport by the river at that time. Concentrations at Rio Vista on the tidal river below the Sacramento plant and at the head of the estuary were related to the reciprocals of the river flows, indicating the importance of dilution of the Sacramento waste by river flows. During very dry years, elevated DIN and DRP concentrations were observed in Suisun Bay. We used a steady-state, one-dimensional, single-compartment box model of the bay, incorporating terms for advection, exchange, and waste input, to calculate a residual rate for all processes not included in the model. We found that the residual for DIN was related to concentrations of chlorophylla (Chla). The residual for DRP was also related to Chla at high concentrations of Chla, but showed significant losses of DRP at low Chla concentrations. These losses were typically equivalent to about 80% of the wastewater input rate.</div>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","publisherLocation":"New York, New York","doi":"10.2307/1352708","usgsCitation":"Hager, S.W., and Schemel, L.E., 1992, Sources of nitrogen and phosphorous to northern San Francisco Bay: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 15, no. 1, p. 40-52, https://doi.org/10.2307/1352708.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"52","numberOfPages":"13","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889c3e4b0589fa1c6bb2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hager, Stephen W.","contributorId":48935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hager","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schemel, Laurence E. lschemel@usgs.gov","contributorId":4085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schemel","given":"Laurence","email":"lschemel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":643603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70157522,"text":"70157522 - 1992 - Lake ice records used to detect historical and future climatic changes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-06T12:34:30","indexId":"70157522","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-04T08:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1252,"text":"Climatic Change","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lake ice records used to detect historical and future climatic changes","docAbstract":"<p class=\"Para\">Historical ice records, such as freeze and breakup dates and the total duration of ice cover, can be used as a quantitative indicator of climatic change if long homogeneous records exist and if the records can be calibrated in terms of climatic changes. Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, has the longest uninterrupted ice records available for any lake in North America dating back to 1855. These records extend back prior to any reliable air temperature data in the midwestern region of the U.S. and demonstrate significant warming of approximately 1.5 &deg;C in fall and early winter temperatures and 2.5 &deg;C in winter and spring temperatures during the past 135 years. These changes are not completely monotonie, but rather appear as two shorter periods of climatic change in the longer record. The first change was between 1875 and 1890, when fall, winter, and spring air temperatures increased by approximately 1.5 &deg;C. The second change, earlier ice breakup dates since 1979, was caused by a significant increase in winter and early spring air temperatures of approximately 1.3 &deg;C. This change may be indicative of shifts in regional climatic patterns associated with global warming, possibly associated with the &lsquo;Greenhouse Effect&rsquo;.</p>\n<p class=\"Para\">With the relationships between air temperature and freeze and break up dates, we can project how the ice cover of Lake Mendota should respond to future climatic changes. If warming occurs, the ice cover for Lake Mendota should decrease approximately 11 days per 1 &deg;C increase. With a warming of 4 to 5 &deg;C, years with no ice cover should occur in approximately 1 out of 15 to 30 years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00141379","usgsCitation":"Robertson, D.M., Ragotzkie, R., and Magnuson, J., 1992, Lake ice records used to detect historical and future climatic changes: Climatic Change, v. 21, no. 4, p. 407-427, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00141379.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"427","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Madison","otherGeospatial":"Lake Mendota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.05534260980123\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.19541527539921\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.31713104248047,\n              43.19541527539921\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.31713104248047,\n              43.05534260980123\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.53067779541016,\n              43.05534260980123\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56067035e4b058f706e51940","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robertson, Dale M. 0000-0001-6799-0596 dzrobert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0596","contributorId":150760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robertson","given":"Dale","email":"dzrobert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ragotzkie, R.A.","contributorId":67213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ragotzkie","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magnuson, John J.","contributorId":72699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magnuson","given":"John J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54797,"text":"wdrNJ912 - 1992 - Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1991. Volume 2. Ground-Water Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-17T01:01:41","indexId":"wdrNJ912","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:19:58","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NJ-91-2","title":"Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1991. Volume 2. Ground-Water Data","docAbstract":"Water Resources data for the 1991 water year for New Jersey consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. Volume 2 contains records of ground-water levels from 241 wells and water-quality analyses of ground water from 158 wells. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ912","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Bauersfeld, W., Jones, W., and Pustay, E., 1992, Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1991. Volume 2. Ground-Water Data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NJ-91-2, viii, 182 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNJ912.","productDescription":"viii, 182 p.","numberOfPages":"192","costCenters":[{"id":469,"text":"New Jersey Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260412,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/nj-91-2/report.pdf"},{"id":260413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/nj-91-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,41.35055555555556 ], [ -73.88416666666667,41.35055555555556 ], [ -73.88416666666667,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc675e4b08c986b32bf8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauersfeld, W.R.","contributorId":72451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauersfeld","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jones, W.D.","contributorId":68384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pustay, E.A.","contributorId":62604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pustay","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":54796,"text":"wdrNJ911 - 1992 - Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1991, Volume 1. Surface-Water Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-07-17T01:01:41","indexId":"wdrNJ911","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T15:15:13","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NJ-91-1","title":"Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1991, Volume 1. Surface-Water Data","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1991 water year for New Jersey consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground water. This volume of the report contains discharge records for 95 gaging stations; tide summaries for 4 stations; stage and contents for 33 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 101 surface-water sites. Also included are data for 67 crest-stage partial-record stations, 13 tidal crest-stage gages, and 91 low-flow partial-record stations. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 11 and 12. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program. Miscellaneous data were collected at 57 measuring sites and 13 water-quality sampling sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"West Trenton, NJ","doi":"10.3133/wdrNJ911","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Energy and with other agencies.","usgsCitation":"Bauersfeld, W., Moshinsky, E., and Pustay, E., 1992, Water Resources Data, New Jersey, Water Year 1991, Volume 1. Surface-Water Data: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NJ-91-1, xvi, 496 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNJ911.","productDescription":"xvi, 496 p.","numberOfPages":"514","costCenters":[{"id":469,"text":"New Jersey Water Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":260410,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/nj-91-1/report.pdf"},{"id":260411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/nj-91-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,41.35055555555556 ], [ -73.88416666666667,41.35055555555556 ], [ -73.88416666666667,38.916666666666664 ], [ -75.58333333333333,38.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc674e4b08c986b32bf87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bauersfeld, W.R.","contributorId":72451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauersfeld","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moshinsky, E.W.","contributorId":104972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moshinsky","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pustay, E.A.","contributorId":62604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pustay","given":"E.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70039484,"text":"70039484 - 1992 - US GeoData","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-09T01:02:14","indexId":"70039484","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:31:49","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":362,"text":"General Information Product","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"US GeoData","docAbstract":"US GeoData tapes are computer tapes which contain cartographic data in digital form. The 1:2,000,000-scale data are available in two forms. The graphic form can be used to generate computer-plotted maps. The content and scale of the maps can be varied to meet your needs. The topologically-structured form of US GeoData is suitable for input to geographic information systems for use in spatial analysis and geographic studies. Both forms must be used in conjunction with appropriate software. US GeoData tapes offer convenience, accuracy, flexibility, and cost effectiveness to many map users. Business, industry, and government users who are involved in network planning and analysis, transportation, demography, land use, or any activity where data can be related to, or plotted on a map will find US GeoData a valuable resource.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/70039484","collaboration":"National Mapping Program","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992, US GeoData: General Information Product, 2 p.; 2 Plates: 37 x 17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/70039484.","productDescription":"2 p.; 2 Plates: 37 x 17 inches","costCenters":[{"id":409,"text":"National Cartographic Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":261618,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039484/plate-1.pdf"},{"id":261619,"rank":900,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039484/plate-2.pdf"},{"id":261620,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039484/report.pdf"},{"id":261621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/70039484/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb46e4b08c986b3285e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}