Resting metabolic rates, weight gains and hematologic profiles of six newborn, captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns (four females, two males) were determined during the first 3 mo of life. Estimated mean daily weight gain of fawns was 0.2 kg. The regression equation for metabolic rate was: Metabolic rate (kcal/kg0.75/day) = 56.1 + 1.3 (age in days), r = 0.65, P < 0.001). Regression equations were also used to relate age to red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The age relationships of Hb, MCHC, and smaller RBC's were indicative of an increasing and more efficient oxygen-carrying and exchange capacity to fulfill the increasing metabolic demands for oxygen associated with increasing body size.
DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA analyses have not been used in combination to study relatedness in natural populations. We present an approach that involves defining the mean fingerprint similarities among individuals thought to be unrelated because they have different mtDNA genotypes. Two classes of related individuals are identified by their distance in standard errors above this mean value. The number of standard errors is determined by analysis of the association between fingerprint similarity and relatedness in a population with a known genealogy. We apply this approach to gray wolf packs from Minnesota, Alaska, and the Northwest Territories. Our results show that: (1) wolf packs consist primarily of individuals that are closely related genetically, but some packs contain unrelated, non-reproducing individuals; (2) dispersal among packs within the same area is common; and (3) short-range dispersal appears more common for female than male wolves. The first two of these genetically-based observations are consistent with behavioral data on pack structure and dispersal in wolves, while the apparent sex bias in dispersal was not expected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00173944","usgsCitation":"Lehman, N., Clarkson, P., Mech, L.D., Meier, T.J., and Wayne, R.K., 1992, A study of the genetic relationships within and among wolf packs using DNA fingerprinting and mitochondrial DNA: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, v. 30, no. 2, p. 83-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00173944.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"94","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197845,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a612b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lehman, Niles","contributorId":106506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lehman","given":"Niles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarkson, Peter","contributorId":62736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarkson","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Meier, Thomas J.","contributorId":37192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wayne, Robert K.","contributorId":80948,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wayne","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":7081,"text":"University of California - Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":337527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":5222925,"text":"5222925 - 1992 - Assessing effects of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles: status and needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:10","indexId":"5222925","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:06","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1895,"text":"Herpetological Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing effects of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles: status and needs","docAbstract":"Growing concern about the decline of certain amphibian populations and for conservation of amphibians and reptiles has led to renewed awareness of problems from pesticides. Testing amphibians and reptiles as a requirement for chemical registration has been proposed but is difficult because of the phylogenetic diversity of these groups. Information from the literature and research may determine whether amphibians and reptiles are adequately protected by current tests for mammals, birds, and fish. Existing information indicates that amphibians are unpredictably more resistant to certain cholinesterase inhibitors, and more sensitive to two chemicals used in fishery applications than could have been predicted. A single study on one species of lizard suggests that reptiles may be close in sensitivity to mammals and birds. Research on effects of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles should compare responses to currently tested groups and should seek to delineate those taxa and chemicals for which cross-group prediction is not possible. New tests for amphibians and reptiles should rely to the greatest extent possible on existing data bases, and should be designed for maximum economy and minimum harm to test animals. A strategy for developing the needed information is proposed. Good field testing and surveillance of chemicals in use may compensate for failures of predictive evaluations and may ultimately lead to improved tests.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Herpetological Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hall, R., and Henry, P., 1992, Assessing effects of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles: status and needs: Herpetological Journal, v. 2, p. 65-71.","productDescription":"65-71","startPage":"65","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196291,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672aa0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, R.J.","contributorId":32885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henry, P.F.P.","contributorId":14531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"P.F.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222922,"text":"5222922 - 1992 - The relationship between annual survival rate and migration distance in mallards: An examination of the time-allocation hypothesis for the evolution of migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-16T00:46:56.043267","indexId":"5222922","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:06","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The relationship between annual survival rate and migration distance in mallards: An examination of the time-allocation hypothesis for the evolution of migration","docAbstract":"Predictions of the time-allocation hypothesis were tested with several a posteriori analyses of banding data for the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). The time-allocation hypothesis states that the critical difference between resident and migrant birds is their allocation of time to reproduction on the breeding grounds and survival on the nonbreeding grounds. Residents have higher reproduction and migrants have higher survival. Survival and recovery rates were estimated by standard band-recovery methods for banding reference areas in the central United States and central Canada. A production-rate index was computed for each reference area with data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service May Breeding Population Survey and July Production Survey. An analysis of covariance was used to test for the effects of migration distance and time period (decade) on survival, recovery, and production rates. Differences in migration chronology were tested by comparing direct-recovery distributions for different populations during the fall migration. Differences in winter locations were tested by comparing distributions of direct recoveries reported during December and January. A strong positive relationship was found between survival rate, and migration distance for 3 of the 4 age and sex classes. A weak negative relationship was found between recovery rate and migration distance. No relationship was found between production rate and migration distance. During the fall migration, birds from the northern breeding populations were located north of birds from the southern breeding populations. No pattern could be found in the relative locations of breeding and wintering areas. Although our finding that survival rate increased with migration distance was consistent with the time-allocation hypothesis, our results on migration chronology and location of wintering areas were not consistent with the mechanism underlying the time-allocation hypothesis. Neither this analysis nor other recent studies of life-history characteristics of migratory and resident birds supported the timeallocation hypothesis.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/z92-273","usgsCitation":"Hestbeck, J., Nichols, J., and Hines, J., 1992, The relationship between annual survival rate and migration distance in mallards: An examination of the time-allocation hypothesis for the evolution of migration: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 70, no. 10, p. 2021-2027, https://doi.org/10.1139/z92-273.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2021","endPage":"2027","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195908,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"70","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd1d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hestbeck, J.B.","contributorId":107802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"J.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, J.D. 0000-0002-7631-2890","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":14332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hines, J.E. 0000-0001-5478-7230","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-7230","contributorId":36885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"J.E.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":337458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222856,"text":"5222856 - 1992 - Winter habitat occurrence patterns of temperate migrant birds in Belize","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-11T08:41:41","indexId":"5222856","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:05","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1487,"text":"El Pitirre (Society of Caribbean Ornithology)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter habitat occurrence patterns of temperate migrant birds in Belize","docAbstract":"We used mist nets and point counts to sample bird populations in 61 sites in Belize during January-March of 1987-1991. Sites were classified as forest, second growth, woody agricultural crops (citrus, mango, cacao, and cashew), or non-woody agricultural crops (rice and sugar cane). We evaluated patterns of occurrence of wintering temperate migrant bird species in these habitats. Mist net captures of 22 of 31 migrant species differed significantly among habitats. Of these, 13 species were captured more frequently in the agricultural habitats. American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia), and Magnolia Warbler (Dendroica magnolia) were among the species captured most frequently in woody agricultural habitats; captures of Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea), and Northern (lcterus galbula) and Orchard orioles (I. spur/anus) were highest in the non-woody agricultural sites. We relate these occurrence patterns to trends in breeding populations in North America. While count data provide a wide picture of winter habitat distribution of migrants, more intensive work is necessary to assess temporal and geographic variation of migrant bird use of agricultural habitats.
","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Dawson, D., Robbins, C., and Sauer, J., 1992, Winter habitat occurrence patterns of temperate migrant birds in Belize: El Pitirre (Society of Caribbean Ornithology), v. 5, no. 3, p. 3-4.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"4","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195820,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48fbe4b07f02db55f3a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, D.K. 0000-0001-7531-212X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-212X","contributorId":94752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"D.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, C.S.","contributorId":53907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5230219,"text":"5230219 - 1992 - An evaluation of regression methods to estimate nutritional condition of canvasbacks and other water birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T11:56:36","indexId":"5230219","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T11:33:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":8,"text":"Biological Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"An evaluation of regression methods to estimate nutritional condition of canvasbacks and other water birds","docAbstract":"Regression equations that use mensural data to estimate body condition have been developed for several water birds. These equations often have been based on data that represent different sexes, age classes, or seasons, without being adequately tested for intergroup differences. We used proximate carcass analysis of 538 adult and juvenile canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria ) collected during fall migration, winter, and spring migrations in 1975-76 and 1982-85 to test regression methods for estimating body condition.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Sparling, D.W., Barzen, J., Lovvorn, J., and Serie, J., 1992, An evaluation of regression methods to estimate nutritional condition of canvasbacks and other water birds: Biological Report 3, iii, 11 p.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202741,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112038,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA322754","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684967","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barzen, J.A.","contributorId":28939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barzen","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lovvorn, J.R.","contributorId":11165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovvorn","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Serie, J.R.","contributorId":54919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Serie","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5210841,"text":"5210841 - 1992 - Modeling metapopulation dynamics for single species of seabirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:31","indexId":"5210841","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modeling metapopulation dynamics for single species of seabirds","docAbstract":"Seabirds share many characteristics setting them apart from other birds. Importantly, they breed more or less obligatorily in local clusters of colonies that can move regularly from site to site, and they routinely exchange breeders. The properties of such metapopulations have only recently begun to be examined, often with models that are occupancy-based (using only colony presence or absence data) and deterministic (using single, empirically determined values for each of several population biology parameters). Some recent models are now frequency-based (using actual population sizes at each site), as well as stochastic (randomly varying critical parameters between biologically realistic limits), yielding better estimates of the behavior of future populations. Using two such models designed to quantify relative risks of population changes under different future scenarios (RAMAS/stage and RAMAS/space), we have examined probable future populations dynamics for three hypothetical seabirds -- an albatross, a cormorant, and a tern. With real parameters and ranges of values we alternatively modelled each species with and without density dependence, as well as with their numbers in a single, large colony, or in many smaller ones, distributed evenly or lognormally. We produced a series of species-typical lines for different population risks over the 50 years we simulated. We call these curves Instantaneous Threat Assessments (ITAs), and their shapes mirror the varying life history characteristics of our three species. We also demonstrated (by a process known as sensitivity analysis) that the most important parameters determining future population fates of all three species were correlation of mean growth rate among colonies; dispersal rate of present and future breeders; subadult survivorship; and the number of subpopulations (=colonies) - in roughly that descending order of importance. In addition, density dependence was found to markedly alter ITA line shape and position, dramatically in the tern. Finally, we show that for each of our three seabirds, a substantial reduction in the risk of the entire population's going to extinction was provided by a metapopulation (i.e. colonial) breeding structure -- thus comfortably confirming what avian ecologists have long known but about which population modellers are somtimes still unsure.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2001: Populations ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":" Elsevier","publisherLocation":"London and NY","usgsCitation":"Buckley, P.A., and Downer, R., 1992, Modeling metapopulation dynamics for single species of seabirds, chap. of Wildlife 2001: Populations , p. 563-585.","productDescription":"xv, 1163","startPage":"563","endPage":"585","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202213,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613e51","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCullough, D.R.","contributorId":112162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507202,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, R.H.","contributorId":80603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":507201,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Buckley, P. A.","contributorId":69264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Downer, R.","contributorId":10524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210855,"text":"5210855 - 1992 - Use of Breeding Bird Survey data by Atlas projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:29","indexId":"5210855","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Use of Breeding Bird Survey data by Atlas projects","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Fourth Breeding Bird Atlas Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Bird Atlas Partnership, Denver Museum of Natural History","publisherLocation":"Denver, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Peterjohn, B., 1992, Use of Breeding Bird Survey data by Atlas projects, chap. of Proceedings of the Fourth Breeding Bird Atlas Conference, p. 27-32.","productDescription":"101","startPage":"27","endPage":"32","numberOfPages":"101","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":203200,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051c7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterjohn, B.G.","contributorId":25255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterjohn","given":"B.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":329396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210666,"text":"5210666 - 1992 - Relating results from earthworm toxicity tests to agricultural soil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:14","indexId":"5210666","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:18","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Relating results from earthworm toxicity tests to agricultural soil","docAbstract":"The artificial soil tests of the European Economic Community and of the Organization for Economic Cooperation produce data relating earthworm mortality to pesticide concentrations in soil under laboratory conditions. To apply these results to agricultural soils it is necessary to relate these concentrations to amounts of pesticide applied per area. This paper reviews the relevant published literature and suggests a simple relation for regulatory use. Hazards to earthworms from pesticides are suggested to be greatest soon after application, when the pesticides may be concentrated in a soil layer a few millimeters thick. For estimating exposure of earthworms, however, a thicker soil layer should be considered, to account for their movement through soil. During favorable weather conditions, earthworms belonging to species appropriate to the artificial soil test have been reported to confine their activity to a layer about 5 cm. If a 5-cm layer is accepted as relevant for regulatory purposes, then an application of 1 kg/ha would be equivalent to 1-67 ppm (dry) in the artificial soil test.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology of Earthworms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Intercept, Ltd.","publisherLocation":"Andover, England","collaboration":" PDF on file: 4192_Beyer.pdf","usgsCitation":"Beyer, W., 1992, Relating results from earthworm toxicity tests to agricultural soil, chap. of Ecotoxicology of Earthworms, p. 109-115.","productDescription":"269","startPage":"109","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"269","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db612e7a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Greig-Smith, P.W.","contributorId":112495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greig-Smith","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506876,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Beyer, W. N. 0000-0002-8911-9141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-9141","contributorId":55379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyer","given":"W. N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5210602,"text":"5210602 - 1992 - Geographic patterns in population trends of neotropical migrants in North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:15","indexId":"5210602","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geographic patterns in population trends of neotropical migrants in North America","docAbstract":"We use the route-regression method to estimate the population trends of 100 species of Neotropical migrants using data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS). We examine long-term (1966-1988) and recent (1978-1988) trends. In the long-term, more species of Neotropical migrants were increasing than were decreasing in the eastern and western parts of the continent, but recent trends indicate that more species decreased than increased in their population index in the east. Recent population declines in the eastern part of the continent were primarily associated with bird species that breed in forested habitat. No association was detected between changes in forest acreages by state and population trends of Neotropical migrants in the United States and Canada.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Smithsonian Institution Press","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","usgsCitation":"Sauer, J., and Droege, S., 1992, Geographic patterns in population trends of neotropical migrants in North America, chap. of Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds, p. 26-42.","productDescription":"xiii, 609","startPage":"26","endPage":"42","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200669,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a907d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hagan, John M. III","contributorId":113858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagan","given":"John","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506785,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnston, D.W.","contributorId":36646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnston","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506784,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Droege, Sam 0000-0003-4393-0403","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-0403","contributorId":64185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Droege","given":"Sam","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":328786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210558,"text":"5210558 - 1992 - Modelling population change from time series data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210558","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Modelling population change from time series data","docAbstract":"Information on change in population size over time is among the most basic inputs for population management. Unfortunately, population changes are generally difficult to identify, and once identified difficult to explain. Sources of variald (patterns) in population data include: changes in environment that affect carrying capaciyy and produce trend, autocorrelative processes, irregular environmentally induced perturbations, and stochasticity arising from population processes. In addition. populations are almost never censused and many surveys (e.g., the North American Breeding Bird Survey) produce multiple, incomplete time series of population indices, providing further sampling complications. We suggest that each source of pattern should be used to address specific hypotheses regarding population change, but that failure to correctly model each source can lead to false conclusions about the dynamics of populations. We consider hypothesis tests based on each source of pattern, and the effects of autocorrelated observations and sampling error. We identify important constraints on analyses of time series that limit their use in identifying underlying relationships.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2001: Populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Applied Science","publisherLocation":"New York, New York","collaboration":" PDF on file: 4190_Barker.pdf","usgsCitation":"Barker, R.J., and Sauer, J., 1992, Modelling population change from time series data, chap. of Wildlife 2001: Populations, p. 182-194.","productDescription":"xv, 1163","startPage":"182","endPage":"194","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200754,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6884f3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCullough, D.R.","contributorId":112162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506680,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, R.H.","contributorId":80603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506679,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Barker, R. J.","contributorId":34222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barker","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210554,"text":"5210554 - 1992 - Population models for passerine birds: structure, parameterization, and analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210554","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Population models for passerine birds: structure, parameterization, and analysis","docAbstract":"Population models have great potential as management tools, as they use infonnation about the life history of a species to summarize estimates of fecundity and survival into a description of population change. Models provide a framework for projecting future populations, determining the effects of management decisions on future population dynamics, evaluating extinction probabilities, and addressing a variety of questions of ecological and evolutionary interest. Even when insufficient information exists to allow complete identification of the model, the modelling procedure is useful because it forces the investigator to consider the life history of the species when determining what parameters should be estimated from field studies and provides a context for evaluating the relative importance of demographic parameters. Models have been little used in the study of the population dynamics of passerine birds because of: (1) widespread misunderstandings of the model structures and parameterizations, (2) a lack of knowledge of life histories of many species, (3) difficulties in obtaining statistically reliable estimates of demographic parameters for most passerine species, and (4) confusion about functional relationships among demographic parameters. As a result, studies of passerine demography are often designed inappropriately and fail to provide essential data. We review appropriate models for passerine bird populations and illustrate their possible uses in evaluating the effects of management or other environmental influences on population dynamics. We identify environmental influences on population dynamics. We identify parameters that must be estimated from field data, briefly review existing statistical methods for obtaining valid estimates, and evaluate the present status of knowledge of these parameters.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2001: Populations. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Applied Science","publisherLocation":"New York, New York","usgsCitation":"Noon, B., and Sauer, J., 1992, Population models for passerine birds: structure, parameterization, and analysis, chap. of Wildlife 2001: Populations. , p. 441-464.","productDescription":"xv, 1163","startPage":"441","endPage":"464","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200883,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db683f52","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCullough, D.R.","contributorId":112162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506675,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, R.H.","contributorId":80603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506674,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Noon, B.R.","contributorId":24311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noon","given":"B.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5210560,"text":"5210560 - 1992 - Black duck population units as determined by patterns of band recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:16","indexId":"5210560","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-09T09:23:17","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Black duck population units as determined by patterns of band recovery","docAbstract":"To estimate regional survival and band recovery rates for waterfowl populations, banding sites must be grouped for data analysis. We group American black duck banding sites using cluster analysis of pairwise comparisons of the distributions of band recoveries. We propose 6 population units, substantially fewer than the 27 black duck reference areas currently used. Flyways do not seem to reflect the population affInities of black ducks.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife 2001: Populations. ","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Applied Science","publisherLocation":"New York, New York","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, G., and Sauer, J., 1992, Black duck population units as determined by patterns of band recovery, chap. of Wildlife 2001: Populations. , p. 687-695.","productDescription":"xv, 1163","startPage":"687","endPage":"695","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200825,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db607e6b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"McCullough, D.R.","contributorId":112162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506684,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barrett, R.H.","contributorId":80603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":506683,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, G.W.","contributorId":51688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":328698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70039503,"text":"70039503 - 1992 - Forum on land use and land Cover: Summary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-08-11T01:01:51","indexId":"70039503","displayToPublicDate":"2008-01-09T11:36:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Forum on land use and land Cover: Summary report","docAbstract":"This report includes the agenda and abstracts of presentations from the Forum on Land Use and Land Cover Data, cohosted by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), February 25-27,1992 at the USGS National Center in Reston, Virginia. The Forum was conducted under the auspices of the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) and was attended by Federal and State managers of programs that produce and use land use and land cover maps and data in support of environmental analysis, monitoring, and policy development. The goal was to improve opportunities for Federal and State coordination, information exchange, data sharing, and work sharing in land use and land cover mapping.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA.","usgsCitation":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992, Forum on land use and land Cover: Summary report, ii, 79 p.","productDescription":"ii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"92","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":261634,"rank":800,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/confpub/70039503/report.pdf"},{"id":261635,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/confpub/70039503/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1379e4b0c8380cd5467d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","contributorId":127890,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","id":535335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016154,"text":"70016154 - 1992 - The extent of temporal smearing in surface-temperature histories derived from borehole temperature measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-05T16:17:43.564962","indexId":"70016154","displayToPublicDate":"2003-06-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The extent of temporal smearing in surface-temperature histories derived from borehole temperature measurements","docAbstract":"The ability of borehole temperature data to resolve past climatic events is investigated using Backus-Gilbert inversion methods. Two experimental approaches are considered: (1) the data consist of a single borehole temperature profile, and (2) the data consist of climatically-induced temperature transients measured within a borehole during a monitoring experiment. The sensitivity of the data's resolving power to the vertical distribution of the measurements, temperature measurement errors, the inclusion of a local meteorological record, and the duration of a monitoring experiment, are investigated. The results can be used to help interpret existing surface temperature histories derived from borehole temperature data and to optimize future experiments for the detection of climatic signals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0031-0182(92)90189-C","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Clow, G., 1992, The extent of temporal smearing in surface-temperature histories derived from borehole temperature measurements: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 98, no. 2-4, p. 81-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(92)90189-C.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"86","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"98","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babf0e4b08c986b323184","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, G.D.","contributorId":46112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016978,"text":"70016978 - 1992 - Geology of the d'Entrecasteaux-New Hebrides arc collision zone: Results from a deep submersible survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-18T16:46:36.797166","indexId":"70016978","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3525,"text":"Tectonophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the d'Entrecasteaux-New Hebrides arc collision zone: Results from a deep submersible survey","docAbstract":"The International Seismological Observing Period (ISOP) is a specific time interval designated for enhanced international cooperation in the collection and dissemination of observatory measurements from the global seismographic network. The primary purpose of the ISOP is to strengthen the international infrastructure that supports current seismological practice and increase the cooperation among nations that operate seismological observatories. Measurements, reported by the existing global network and compiled by agencies such as the International Seismological Centre (ISC), are providing new information about earthquakes and the structure of the Earth of fundamental importance to the Earth sciences. However, these data represent but a small fraction of the information contained in the seismograms.
One of the goals of the ISOP is to collect improved sets of data. In particular, the measurement and reporting of later-arriving phases, during a fixed ISOP period, from earthquakes selected for detailed observation by the cooperating stations will be encouraged. The use of advanced, digital instrumentation provides an unprecedented opportunity for enhancing the methods of seismogram interpretation and seismic parameter extraction, by the implementation of digital processing methods at seismic observatories worldwide. It must be ensured that this new information will be available to the entire seismological community. It is believed that this purpose is best served with an ISOP that promotes increased on-site processing at digital stations in Africa and elsewhere.
Improvements in seismology require truly international cooperation and the educational aspects of seismological practice form one of the goals of the ISOP. Thus, workshops will be needed in Africa to train analysts in ISOP procedures and to introduce them to modern techniques and applications of the data. Participants will, thus, benefit from theoretical results and practical experience that are of direct relevance to their own work.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0040-1951(92)90003-O","issn":"00401951","usgsCitation":"Engdahl, E., and Bergman, E.A., 1992, The international seismological observing period in Africa: Tectonophysics, v. 209, no. 1-4, p. 1-16, https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90003-O.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224824,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -21.269243513212928,\n 21.629023140964563\n ],\n [\n -15.167869817211624,\n 6.047652342902126\n ],\n [\n 10.19978649907489,\n -2.746334833670261\n ],\n [\n 12.225086253822965,\n -12.18857857450611\n ],\n [\n 10.662147318453663,\n -18.110505609129447\n ],\n [\n 17.474657478207064,\n -37.99971611404459\n ],\n [\n 37.57972189587048,\n -30.197970837465895\n ],\n [\n 42.53654002921123,\n -5.439224473771755\n ],\n [\n 53.69111795626192,\n 12.170534253418275\n ],\n [\n 45.74780754825497,\n 13.327288082003067\n ],\n [\n 41.231419751679404,\n 19.60071725418828\n ],\n [\n 31.931245619434065,\n 33.98142444696498\n ],\n [\n 10.455721685400356,\n 37.32533638278354\n ],\n [\n -5.658780383818609,\n 37.013820722847385\n ],\n [\n -21.269243513212928,\n 21.629023140964563\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"209","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bad57e4b08c986b323b57","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engdahl, E.R.","contributorId":22906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engdahl","given":"E.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bergman, Eric A. 0000-0002-7069-8286","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-8286","contributorId":84513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bergman","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017070,"text":"70017070 - 1992 - Charnockites and granites of the western Adirondacks, New York, USA: A differentiated A-type suite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T16:05:20.625574","indexId":"70017070","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Charnockites and granites of the western Adirondacks, New York, USA: A differentiated A-type suite","docAbstract":"Granitic rocks in the west-central Adirondack Highlands of New York State include both relatively homogeneous charnockitic and hornblende granitic gneisses (CG), that occur in thick stratiform bodies and elliptical domes, and heterogeneous leucogneisses (LG), that commonly are interlayered with metasedimentary rocks. Major- and trace-element geochemical analyses were obtained for 115 samples, including both types of granitoids. Data for CG fail to show the presence of more than one distinct group based on composition. Most of the variance within the CG sample population is consistent with magmatic differentiation combined with incomplete separation of early crystals of alkali feldspar, plagioclase, and pyroxenes or amphibole from the residual liquid. Ti, Fe, Mg, Ca, P, Sr, Ba, and Zr decrease with increasing silica, while Rb and K increase. Within CG, the distinction between charnockitic (orthopyroxene-bearing) and granitic gneisses is correlated with bulk chemistry. The charnockites are consistently more mafic than the hornblende granitic gneisses, although forming a continuum with them. The leucogneisses, while generally more felsic than the charnockites and granitic gneisses, are otherwise geochemically similar to them. The data are consistent with the LG suite being an evolved extrusive equivalent of the intrusive CG suite.
Both CG and LG suites are metaluminous to mildly peraluminous and display an A-type geochemical signature, enriched in Fe, K, Ce, Y, Nb, Zr, and Ga and depleted in Ca, Mg, and Sr relative to I- and S-type granites. Rare earth element patterns show moderate LREE enrichment and a negative Eu anomaly throughout the suite. The geochemical data suggest an origin by partial melting of biotite- and plagioclase-rich crustal rocks. Emplacement occurred in an anorogenic or post-collisional tectonic setting, probably at relatively shallow depths. Deformation and granulite-facies metamorphism with some partial melting followed during the Ottawan phase of the Grenville Orogeny, yielding the present migmatitic granitic and charnockitic gneisses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(92)90092-3","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Whitney, P., 1992, Charnockites and granites of the western Adirondacks, New York, USA: A differentiated A-type suite: Precambrian Research, v. 57, no. 1-2, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(92)90092-3.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224960,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"western Adirondacks","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.3444346849542,\n 44.25450535926828\n ],\n [\n -76.68150298069823,\n 43.11492967543458\n ],\n [\n -73.30922757499911,\n 43.11492967543458\n ],\n [\n -73.32301858873224,\n 44.99911340708431\n ],\n [\n -74.94383593925178,\n 45.01402411441677\n ],\n [\n -76.3444346849542,\n 44.25450535926828\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"57","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f505e4b0c8380cd4c051","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Whitney, P.R.","contributorId":46671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70017217,"text":"70017217 - 1992 - Distribution and characteristics of a Middle Ordovician oolitic ironstone in northeastern Kansas based on petrographic and petrophysical properties: A Laurasian ironstone case study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-22T16:20:44.489924","indexId":"70017217","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3368,"text":"Sedimentary Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and characteristics of a Middle Ordovician oolitic ironstone in northeastern Kansas based on petrographic and petrophysical properties: A Laurasian ironstone case study","docAbstract":"The margins of Gondwana are generally considered to be the major sites of oolitic ironstone production during the Ordovician, and appear to be linked with global eustatic sea-level rise. Occurrences of oolitic ironstones within the North American craton are less well documented, but provide important supplementary data. The low latitude of Laurasia contrasted with Gondwana allows useful comparisons of climatic and temporal patterns of Ordovician ironstone formation.
Middle Ordovician ironstones occur in siliciclastic sequences in the American mid-continent and appear to become progressively younger as the epicontinental sea advanced from the southwest across a predominantly carbonate terrain. In northeastern Kansas, the regional distribution pattern of primary, syndiagenetic goethite iron oolites within the St. Peter Sandstone indicate deposition peripheral to a north-northeast-trending chain of islands underlain by predominantly granitic rocks, located along an ancestral Nemaha uplift. Detailed compositional mapping in the subsurface was made possible by the distinctive petrophysical properties of the goethite zone and the extensive regional control of wireline-logged exploration wells. Petrographic data from ironstone core- and drill-cuttings both validate log analysis and give insights on possible modes of genesis. We propose that eustatic changes in sea level were the primary factor governing the formation and observed distribution patterns of the oolite bed(s). The relationship of the observed occurrence patterns to major rift-related faults of the Central North American Rift system suggests that synsedimentary tectonism also influenced this process. The most likely source of iron appears to be by derivation from intensive, humid weathering of granite exposed extensively on the ancestral Nemaha uplift archipelago.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0037-0738(92)90084-5","issn":"00370738","usgsCitation":"Berendsen, P., Doveton, J., and Speczik, S., 1992, Distribution and characteristics of a Middle Ordovician oolitic ironstone in northeastern Kansas based on petrographic and petrophysical properties: A Laurasian ironstone case study: Sedimentary Geology, v. 76, no. 3-4, p. 207-219, https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(92)90084-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"219","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225107,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"northeastern Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.90920132775732,\n 40.019063558804106\n ],\n [\n -97.90920132775732,\n 38.04099838968003\n ],\n [\n -94.5535895185104,\n 38.04099838968003\n ],\n [\n -94.5535895185104,\n 40.019063558804106\n ],\n [\n -97.90920132775732,\n 40.019063558804106\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"76","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a027ee4b0c8380cd50085","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berendsen, P.","contributorId":68037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berendsen","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doveton, J.H.","contributorId":30237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doveton","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Speczik, S.","contributorId":13492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speczik","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017221,"text":"70017221 - 1992 - The nature of Archean terrane boundaries: An example from the northern Wyoming Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-26T15:49:41.505183","indexId":"70017221","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3112,"text":"Precambrian Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The nature of Archean terrane boundaries: An example from the northern Wyoming Province","docAbstract":"The Archean northern Wyoming Province can be subdivided into two geologically distinct terranes, the Beartooth-Bighorn magmatic terrane (BBMT) and the Montana metasedimentary terrane (MMT). The BBMT is characterized by voluminous Late Archean (2.90-2.74 Ga) magmatic rocks (primarily tonalite, trondhjemite, and granite); metasedimentary rocks are preserved only as small, rare enclaves in this magmatic terrane. The magmatic rocks typically have geochemical and isotopic signatures that suggest petrogenesis in a continental magmatic arc environment. The MMT, as exposed in the northern Gallatin and Madison Ranges, is dominated by Middle Archean trondhjemitic gneisses (3.2-3.0 Ga); metasedimentary rocks, however, are significantly more abundant than in the BBMT. Each terrane has experienced a separate and distinct geologic history since at least 3.6 Ga ago based on differences in metamorphic and structural styles, composition of magmatic and metasupracrustal rocks, and isotopic ages; consequently, these may be described as discrete terranes in the Cordilleran sense. Nonetheless, highly radiogenic and distinctive Pb-Pb isotopic signatures in rocks of all ages in both terranes indicate that the two terranes share a significant aspect of their history. This suggests that these two Early to Middle Archean crustal blocks, that initially evolved as part of a larger crustal province, experienced different geologic histories from at least 3.6 Ga until their juxtaposition in the Late Archean (between 2.75 to 2.55 Ga ago). Consequently, the boundary between the BBMT and MMT appears to separate terranes that are not likely to be exotic in the sense of their Phanerozoic counterparts. Other Archean provinces do appear to contain crustal blocks with different isotopic signatures (e.g. West Greenland, India, South Africa). The use of the term exotic, therefore, must be cautious in situations where geographic indicators such as paleontologic and/or paleomagnetic data are not available. In these cases, isotopic signatures are one of the most useful features for assessing overall genetic relations amongst geologically distinct terranes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0301-9268(92)90020-O","issn":"03019268","usgsCitation":"Mogk, D., Mueller, P., and Wooden, J.L., 1992, The nature of Archean terrane boundaries: An example from the northern Wyoming Province: Precambrian Research, v. 55, no. 1-4, p. 155-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(92)90020-O.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"168","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Montana, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.55529310473639,\n 46.02443624860163\n ],\n [\n -113.55529310473639,\n 42.71679616981024\n ],\n [\n -108.80938447644624,\n 42.71679616981024\n ],\n [\n -108.80938447644624,\n 46.02443624860163\n ],\n [\n -113.55529310473639,\n 46.02443624860163\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bae02e4b08c986b323eb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mogk, D.W.","contributorId":61575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogk","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, P.A.","contributorId":86117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"P.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wooden, J. L.","contributorId":58678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70017051,"text":"70017051 - 1992 - Spectral ratio method for measuring emissivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-17T15:09:13.402053","indexId":"70017051","displayToPublicDate":"2003-04-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3254,"text":"Remote Sensing of Environment","printIssn":"0034-4257","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spectral ratio method for measuring emissivity","docAbstract":"The spectral ratio method is based on the concept that although the spectral radiances are very sensitive to small changes in temperature the ratios are not. Only an approximate estimate of temperature is required thus, for example, we can determine the emissivity ratio to an accuracy of 1% with a temperature estimate that is only accurate to 12.5 K. Selecting the maximum value of the channel brightness temperatures is an unbiased estimate. Laboratory and field spectral data are easily converted into spectral ratio plots. The ratio method is limited by system signal:noise and spectral band-width. The images can appear quite noisy because ratios enhance high frequencies and may require spatial filtering. Atmospheric effects tend to rescale the ratios and require using an atmospheric model or a calibration site.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0034-4257(92)90094-Z","issn":"00344257","usgsCitation":"Watson, K., 1992, Spectral ratio method for measuring emissivity: Remote Sensing of Environment, v. 42, no. 2, p. 113-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(92)90094-Z.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"113","endPage":"116","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224575,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Canon City","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.30366633636247,\n 38.49553696901344\n ],\n [\n -105.30366633636247,\n 38.32553935644603\n ],\n [\n -105.12960814836953,\n 38.32553935644603\n ],\n [\n -105.12960814836953,\n 38.49553696901344\n ],\n [\n -105.30366633636247,\n 38.49553696901344\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9542e4b08c986b31ae32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watson, K.","contributorId":39123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watson","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":54820,"text":"wdrNM911 - 1992 - Water Resources Data, New Mexico, Water Year 1991","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-27T17:12:17.909093","indexId":"wdrNM911","displayToPublicDate":"1999-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NM-91-1","title":"Water Resources Data, New Mexico, Water Year 1991","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for the 1991 water year for New Mexico consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; stage, contents and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality in wells and springs. This report contains discharge records for-183 gaging stations; stage and contents for 25 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 66 gaging stations and 54 wells; and water. levels at 116 observation wells. Also included are 110 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not involved in the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. Also, 1 seepage investigation is published this year. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in New Mexico.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNM911","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of New Mexico and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Borland, J., DeWees, R., McCracken, R., Lepp, R., and Ortiz, D., 1992, Water Resources Data, New Mexico, Water Year 1991: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NM-91-1, xxiii, 557 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNM911.","productDescription":"xxiii, 557 p.","numberOfPages":"588","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274530,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/nm-91-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":274529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1991/nm-91-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.052,31.3322 ], [ -109.052,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,37.0003 ], [ -103.002,31.3322 ], [ -109.052,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dbdf77e4b0f81004b77dea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borland, J.P.","contributorId":101694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borland","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWees, R.K.","contributorId":32969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWees","given":"R.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCracken, R.L.","contributorId":90620,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCracken","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lepp, R.L.","contributorId":89970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lepp","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ortiz, D.","contributorId":64335,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31801,"text":"ofr92372B - 1992 - System 8. Programs to assist workers in the earth sciences in using geodetic or Cartesian XYZ data from row column (GSPV85) files; GSPDC, contours and grids interpolated from triangulated network; PCS, graphic sections; GSPUV, univariant statistics and histograms; GSPPROB, probability diagrams; GSPXY, regression statistics and XY plots; GSPTD, ternary diagrams; and GSPV85 post-plots, for IBM PC compatible computers","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31801,"text":"ofr92372B - 1992 - System 8. Programs to assist workers in the earth sciences in using geodetic or Cartesian XYZ data from row column (GSPV85) files; GSPDC, contours and grids interpolated from triangulated network; PCS, graphic sections; GSPUV, univariant statistics and histograms; GSPPROB, probability diagrams; GSPXY, regression statistics and XY plots; GSPTD, ternary diagrams; and GSPV85 post-plots, for IBM PC compatible computers","indexId":"ofr92372B","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"System 8. Programs to assist workers in the earth sciences in using geodetic or Cartesian XYZ data from row column (GSPV85) files; GSPDC, contours and grids interpolated from triangulated network; PCS, graphic sections; GSPUV, univariant statistics and histograms; GSPPROB, probability diagrams; GSPXY, regression statistics and XY plots; GSPTD, ternary diagrams; and GSPV85 post-plots, for IBM PC compatible computers"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":20861,"text":"ofr93511 - 1993 - System 9. GSMAP, and other programs for the IBM PC and compatible microcomputers, to assist workers in the earth sciences","indexId":"ofr93511","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"System 9. GSMAP, and other programs for the IBM PC and compatible microcomputers, to assist workers in the earth sciences"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":20861,"text":"ofr93511 - 1993 - System 9. GSMAP, and other programs for the IBM PC and compatible microcomputers, to assist workers in the earth sciences","indexId":"ofr93511","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"System 9. GSMAP, and other programs for the IBM PC and compatible microcomputers, to assist workers in the earth sciences"},"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-27T07:12:56","indexId":"ofr92372B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-372","chapter":"B","title":"System 8. 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Programs to assist workers in the earth sciences in using geodetic or Cartesian XYZ data from row column (GSPV85) files; GSPDC, contours and grids interpolated from triangulated network; PCS, graphic sections; GSPUV, univariant statistics and histograms; GSPPROB, probability diagrams; GSPXY, regression statistics and XY plots; GSPTD, ternary diagrams; and GSPV85 post-plots, for IBM PC compatible computers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-372, One 5 1/4 inch diskette. (Needs to acquire both A and B.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92372B.","productDescription":"One 5 1/4 inch diskette. (Needs to acquire both A and B.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160716,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270250,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0372b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687c92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selner, G.I.","contributorId":13229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selner","given":"G.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Richard B.","contributorId":19539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31800,"text":"ofr92372A - 1992 - System 8. Programs to assist workers in the earth sciences in using geodetic or Cartesian XYZ data from row column (GSPV85) files; GSPDC, contours and grids interpolated from triangulated network; PCS, graphic sections; GSPUV, univariant statistics and histograms; GSPPROB, probability diagrams; GSPXY, regression statistics and XY plots; GSPTD, ternary diagrams; and GSPV85 post-plots, for IBM PC compatible computers","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":31800,"text":"ofr92372A - 1992 - System 8. Programs to assist workers in the earth sciences in using geodetic or Cartesian XYZ data from row column (GSPV85) files; GSPDC, contours and grids interpolated from triangulated network; PCS, graphic sections; GSPUV, univariant statistics and histograms; GSPPROB, probability diagrams; GSPXY, regression statistics and XY plots; GSPTD, ternary diagrams; and GSPV85 post-plots, for IBM PC compatible computers","indexId":"ofr92372A","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"System 8. Programs to assist workers in the earth sciences in using geodetic or Cartesian XYZ data from row column (GSPV85) files; GSPDC, contours and grids interpolated from triangulated network; PCS, graphic sections; GSPUV, univariant statistics and histograms; GSPPROB, probability diagrams; GSPXY, regression statistics and XY plots; GSPTD, ternary diagrams; and GSPV85 post-plots, for IBM PC compatible computers"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":20861,"text":"ofr93511 - 1993 - System 9. GSMAP, and other programs for the IBM PC and compatible microcomputers, to assist workers in the earth sciences","indexId":"ofr93511","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"System 9. GSMAP, and other programs for the IBM PC and compatible microcomputers, to assist workers in the earth sciences"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":20861,"text":"ofr93511 - 1993 - System 9. GSMAP, and other programs for the IBM PC and compatible microcomputers, to assist workers in the earth sciences","indexId":"ofr93511","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"title":"System 9. GSMAP, and other programs for the IBM PC and compatible microcomputers, to assist workers in the earth sciences"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"ofr92372A","displayToPublicDate":"1995-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-372","chapter":"A","title":"System 8. Programs to assist workers in the earth sciences in using geodetic or Cartesian XYZ data from row column (GSPV85) files; GSPDC, contours and grids interpolated from triangulated network; PCS, graphic sections; GSPUV, univariant statistics and histograms; GSPPROB, probability diagrams; GSPXY, regression statistics and XY plots; GSPTD, ternary diagrams; and GSPV85 post-plots, for IBM PC compatible computers","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr92372A","usgsCitation":"Selner, G., and Taylor, R.B., 1992, System 8. Programs to assist workers in the earth sciences in using geodetic or Cartesian XYZ data from row column (GSPV85) files; GSPDC, contours and grids interpolated from triangulated network; PCS, graphic sections; GSPUV, univariant statistics and histograms; GSPPROB, probability diagrams; GSPXY, regression statistics and XY plots; GSPTD, ternary diagrams; and GSPV85 post-plots, for IBM PC compatible computers: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-372, 83 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92372A.","productDescription":"83 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160715,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selner, G.I.","contributorId":13229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selner","given":"G.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Richard B.","contributorId":19539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}