The development of ground water for irrigation from the Carrizo sand south and southwest of San Antonio, Tex., has increased rapidly during the past few years. Declining pumping water levels in irrigation wells, caused by increased withdrawals, have caused considerable concern among the residents of the area. In response, the Nueces River Conservation and Reclamation District entered into a cooperative agreement with the Texas Board of Water Engineers and the United States Geological Survey to determine the extent of development and the rate of withdrawal that has cause the decline.
\nAll wells that discharged more than 150 gallons per minute for extended periods of time in 1955 from either the Carrizo sand or sands of the Wilcox group were studied and are shown on [late 1. Estimates were made of the total withdrawals by county and are given in table 2. Similar estimates of withdrawals in some of the counties for the irrigation years 1929-30, 1938-39, 1944-45, and 1947-48 are presented for comparison in table 3. Although the Carrizo sand is the principal source of ground water pumped in the area, estimate of withdrawals of water from the Wilcox were included in this inventory because (1) the formation appears to be hydraulically connected to the Carrizo sand, (2) the quality of water generally is good in the outcrop area of the Wilcox, and (3) appreciable withdrawals are being made from the Wilcox for irrigation in a few areas.
\nThe investigation covered an area of about 7,500 square miles and included all or parts of the following counties: Dimmit, Zavala, Maverick, Frio, Atascosa, Medina, Bexar, Live Oak, McMullen, La Salle, and Webb (fig. 1).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5777","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey and the Nueces River Conservation and Reclamation District","usgsCitation":"Moulder, E.A., 1957, Development of ground water from the Carrizo sand and Wilcox group in Dimmit, Zavala, Maverick, Frio, Atacosa, Median, Bexar, Live Oak, McMullen, La Salle, and Webb Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-77, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5777.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287400,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0077/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Atascosa County;Bexar County;Dimmit County;Frio County;La Salle County;Live Oak County;Maverick County;Mcmullen County;Medina County;Webb County;Zavala County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.333333,28.0 ], [ -100.333333,29.333333 ], [ -98.0,29.333333 ], [ -98.0,28.0 ], [ -100.333333,28.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65def7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moulder, E. A.","contributorId":78719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moulder","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":13425,"text":"ofr5741 - 1957 - A regional gravity survey of the Cuyuna Iron Range, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:45","indexId":"ofr5741","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-41","title":"A regional gravity survey of the Cuyuna Iron Range, Minnesota","docAbstract":"A regional gravity survey of the Cuyuna Iron Range, Minnesota, was conducted during the summer of 1955 by the U. S. Geological Survey. It was believed that gravity data \r\nwould aid in the understanding of the major structures of the range. \r\n\r\nIt was found that synclinal and steeply dipping structures produced positive gravity anomalies while anilclinal structures produced negative anomalies. This principle was noted in areas of well known geology and then applied to outlying areas of the district. The outstanding gravity feature is a narrow positive anomaly extending from south of Brainerd eastward through Aitkin, the axis of the anomaly being somewhat south of the South Range. This gives support to the theory that the Biwabik formation passes under the stratigraphically higher South Range member as a synclinal structure. However, this anomaly is also explained using one main iron formation and assuming an anticlinal structure between the North and South Ranges and a syncline between the South Range and Bay Lake. A large magnitude negative gravity anomaly north of Mille Lacs is postulated to result from an intrusive mass extending to the erosion surface. Aeromagnetics are used to strengthen the gravity interpretation. \r\n\r\nThe need is realized for additional regional gravity coverage to the east of the area Included in this survey and a detailed gravity study of the area between the North and South Ranges.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr5741","usgsCitation":"Durfee, G.A., 1957, A regional gravity survey of the Cuyuna Iron Range, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-41, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5741.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":146483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0041/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":41870,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0041/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":41871,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0041/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a83e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durfee, George Austin","contributorId":63821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durfee","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"Austin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":167789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56084,"text":"ofr5787 - 1957 - Floods of July 1956 in Clarke County, Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T09:28:11","indexId":"ofr5787","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-87","title":"Floods of July 1956 in Clarke County, Alabama","docAbstract":"A weak tropical disturbance formed just off the coast of Alabama on July 5, 1956. Moving inland over the southeastern part of the State, the storm produced heavy rains on the 7th and the morning of the 8th before it dissipated and moved out toward the north.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Montgomery, AL","doi":"10.3133/ofr5787","usgsCitation":"Peirce, L., 1957, Floods of July 1956 in Clarke County, Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-87, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5787.","productDescription":"12 p.","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287403,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287402,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0087/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","county":"Clarke County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.18,31.1855 ], [ -88.18,31.9914 ], [ -87.5009,31.9914 ], [ -87.5009,31.1855 ], [ -88.18,31.1855 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b26e4b07f02db6afccc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peirce, L.B.","contributorId":63877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peirce","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56087,"text":"ofr5790 - 1957 - Hydrology and water law: what is their future common ground?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T09:33:55","indexId":"ofr5790","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-90","title":"Hydrology and water law: what is their future common ground?","docAbstract":"We live in an age of social and economic evolution--evolution so deep reaching and rapid it constitutes ad revolution in numerous fields of human concern. Long-standing concepts of what is appropriate and orderly face drastic modification if they are to survive. To this situation the principles of applied hydrology and the tenets of water law are no exceptions. Their common ground, incomplete in the past, becomes tenuous when projected into the future.
\nTo hydrologists it is common knowledge that the Nation has some trouble spots tin water supply, occasioned by burgeoning population, by standards of living that seem luxurious to other peoples if not to us, and by tremendously dynamic industry whose voracious thirst for water seems insatiable. Seldom is the \"trouble\" a mere lack of water in a quantity sufficient to serve all real needs; rather, water usually is available only part of the time, at greater-than-customary cost, or under competition among several potential uses. We can expect only that such spots will increase in number and in geographic reach.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5790","usgsCitation":"Piper, A., and Thomas, H.E., 1957, Hydrology and water law: what is their future common ground?: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-90, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5790.","productDescription":"33 p.","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287407,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287406,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0090/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e871","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, Arthur M.","contributorId":65060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"Arthur M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, Harold E.","contributorId":36116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Harold","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":56089,"text":"ofr5796 - 1957 - Surface water supply of eastern and central North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-09T11:11:51","indexId":"ofr5796","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-96","title":"Surface water supply of eastern and central North Carolina","docAbstract":"None of the many factors that influence the economic growth of eastern and central North Carolina plays a more important role than water. Adequate water supply for municipal, rural domestic, industrial, and agricultural uses, is a basic need of any region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr5796","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Division of Water Resources, Inlets and Coastal Waterways, North Carolina Department of Conservation and Development","usgsCitation":"Rice, E.B., 1957, Surface water supply of eastern and central North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-96, v, 92 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr5796.","productDescription":"v, 92 p.","numberOfPages":"96","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287409,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287408,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0096/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a5f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rice, Edward B.","contributorId":103362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rice","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56093,"text":"ofr57103 - 1957 - Determination of suspended discharge of streams in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:05","indexId":"ofr57103","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-103","title":"Determination of suspended discharge of streams in California","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr57103","usgsCitation":"Sloan, D., 1957, Determination of suspended discharge of streams in California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-103, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr57103.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":181892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6675b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloan, D.E.","contributorId":78816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":56095,"text":"ofr57106 - 1957 - Drainage area data for Alabama streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-15T09:21:40","indexId":"ofr57106","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-106","title":"Drainage area data for Alabama streams","docAbstract":"The drainage area of a river basin is an important parameter in many engineering equations used for hydrologic design. It is not a parameter, however, that always requires precise measurement. Factors in the hydrologic cycle such as rainfall, runoff, transpiration, and infiltration cannot be measured nearly as closely as drainage area. Largely for this reason, drainage areas are often measured to varying degrees of precision depending upon the immediate need, with little thought to some other use or some other user of the figure obtained. It can readily be appreciated that this practice, continued for long by many different agencies, will result in a heterogeneous collection of drainage area figures, often discordant and of an accuracy unknown to any but those who computed them.
\nFigures of drainage area published by various Federal agencies are frequently discrepant or contradictory, giving rise to confusion in the use of drainage area data. Seeking to better this situation, the Federal Inter-Agency River Basin Committee (FIARBC) in November 1951 published its Bulletin No. 4, Inter-Agency Coordination of Drainage Area Data.
\nThat Bulletin recommended procedures to be followed by the interested Federal agencies “for coordinating drainage area data in the interest of promoting uniformity, reducing confusion and contradiction of published figures, and improving the ready availability of drainage area data pertaining to drainage basins of the United States and its possessions.”
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Montgomery, AL","doi":"10.3133/ofr57106","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Alabama State Highway Department","usgsCitation":"Stallings, J., and Peirce, L., 1957, Drainage area data for Alabama streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-106, iii, 102 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr57106.","productDescription":"iii, 102 p.","numberOfPages":"117","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0106/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":287216,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0106/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.4732,30.1941 ], [ -88.4732,35.0079 ], [ -84.8882,35.0079 ], [ -84.8882,30.1941 ], [ -88.4732,30.1941 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db635632","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stallings, J.S.","contributorId":47028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallings","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peirce, L.B.","contributorId":63877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peirce","given":"L.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16430,"text":"ofr57118 - 1957 - Riverbank erosion and ground-water conditions at Beaver, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:09","indexId":"ofr57118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-118","title":"Riverbank erosion and ground-water conditions at Beaver, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey],","doi":"10.3133/ofr57118","usgsCitation":"Waller, R.M., 1957, Riverbank erosion and ground-water conditions at Beaver, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-118, 7 p. :map ;27 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr57118.","productDescription":"7 p. :map ;27 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":148309,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45391,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a11e4b07f02db5fffbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Roger Milton","contributorId":22320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"Milton","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15450,"text":"ofr5791 - 1957 - Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":15450,"text":"ofr5791 - 1957 - Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska","indexId":"ofr5791","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"title":"Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":66820,"text":"i271 - 1958 - Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska","indexId":"i271","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":66820,"text":"i271 - 1958 - Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska","indexId":"i271","publicationYear":"1958","noYear":false,"title":"Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T21:33:37.679674","indexId":"ofr5791","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-91","title":"Glacial features and surficial deposits of the Malaspina district, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Malaspina district extends about 50 miles along the north shore of the Gulf of Alaska from Icy Bay and the Guyot Glacier on the west to Yakutat Bay and Disenchantment Bay on the east (see index map). The district includes a coastal lowland flanked on the north by a belt of rugged foothills, the higher ridges and peaks of which rise to altitudes of 1,000 to 6,000 feet. The southern front of the St. Ell as Mountains rises abruptly at the northern margin of the foothills belt, about 30 miles from the coast, culminating in Mount St. Elias (18,008 ft.).
The Malaspina Glacier, the dominant feature of the Malaspina district, has long been regarded as the type example of the piedmont glacier. This huge ice sheet covers an area of about 840 square miles of the coastal lowland, rising gradually from an altitude of 100 feet or less at the outer margin to altitudes ranging from 1,000 feet to 2,000 feet at the southern margin of the foothills belt. The Malaspina Glacier is of special interest to glaciologists because its strikingly developed morainic banding offers clues to the nature of glacier movement. The processes of wastage and deposition at the stagnant margin of Malaspina Glacier can be compared with the mode of retreat of the former continental ice sheets; much can be learned here of the origin
of the deposits formed along a stagnant ice margin.
This report is a result of a study of the results of a test-drilling program conducted by the Alaska Department of Health to determine whether a ground-water supply is available in the village of Bethel, Alaska. The U. S. Geological Survey was asked to assist in evaluating the available information on the geology, the ground-water possibilities at the village, and the results of drilling a deep test well, as part of the program of determining the ground-water resources of Alaska.
There has been little ground-water development in the part of Alaska that includes the Bethel area, and very little was previously known of ground-water conditions there. Cederstrom (Cederstrom, D. J., 1952, Summary of Ground-Water Development in Alaska, 1950: U. S. Geol. Survey Circ. 169, p. 29-3C) summarized the information available for the village of Bethel as of 1950. At that time the villagers were using the Kuskokwim River for their water supply, and that use has continued to the present.
This report describes the subsurface materials and ground-water conditions at Bethel (fig. 1) and in the immediate vicinity as interpreted in the light of recent drilling of an Alaska Department of Health test well (no. 14 in this, report). The area surrounding the village was included in the investigation because of the information available on existing wells and tent holes drilled in that area. The files of the Ground Water Branch of the Geological Survey at Anchorage contained records of a few of the wells and test holes drilled prior to the time of this investigation (see fig. 2 for well and test-hole locations). Additional water samples were obtained and analyzed at the laboratory of the Geological Survey at Palmer, Alaska, to supplement the analyses already on file. Supplementary well information was kindly furnished by the following: Project Engineer at the U. S. Air Force Station, Resident Engineer at the Alaska Native Health Service Hospital, Mr. Clarence Marsh of the Alaska Road Commission, Bethel, Mr. Schmidt, local water purveyor, and Mr. Elmer Nicholson, Northern Consolidated Airlines, Inc. bush pilot.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr57116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Waller, R., 1957, Ground water and permafrost at Bethel, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 57-116, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr57116.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":419270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0116/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182108,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1957/0116/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","city":"Bethel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -161.8299874648207,\n 60.824979931849214\n ],\n [\n -161.8299874648207,\n 60.76067570589578\n ],\n [\n -161.68173564299215,\n 60.76067570589578\n ],\n [\n -161.68173564299215,\n 60.824979931849214\n ],\n [\n -161.8299874648207,\n 60.824979931849214\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66dc6d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Roger M.","contributorId":90353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Roger M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":254764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":15935,"text":"ofr5799 - 1957 - A field method for the determination of calcium and magnesium in limestone and dolomite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-21T09:39:50","indexId":"ofr5799","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1957","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"57-99","title":"A field method for the determination of calcium and magnesium in limestone and dolomite","docAbstract":"The method is an adaptation of a procedure described by Betz and Noll1 in 1950. 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