A Protocol established between the National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, People's Republic of China (PRC) and the U.S. Geological Survey, United States of America (US), resulted in the exchange of scientific personnel, technical training, and exploration of the processing of remotely sensed data. These activities were directed toward the application of remotely sensed data to surveying and mapping. Data were processed and various products were generated for the Black Hills area in the US and the Ningxiang area of the PRC. The results of these investigations defined applicable processes in the creation of satellite image maps, land use maps, and the use of ancillary data for further map enhancements.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b2033","usgsCitation":"1992, Cooperative studies between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China on applications of remote sensing to surveying and mapping: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2033, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b2033.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164356,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60994,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/2033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864e2","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lauer, Donald T.","contributorId":32211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lauer","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686374,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chu, Liangcai","contributorId":68365,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chu","given":"Liangcai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686375,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33240,"text":"b1999 - 1992 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180193,"text":"70180193 - 1992 - A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990","indexId":"70180193","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"A postulated new source for the White River Ash, Alaska: A section in Geologic studies in Alaska by the US. Geological Survey, 1990"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33240,"text":"b1999 - 1992 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990","indexId":"b1999","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T19:40:07.491161","indexId":"b1999","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1999","title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1990","docAbstract":"This collection of papers continues the annual series of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports on geologic investigations in Alaska. From 1975 through 1988, the series was published as USGS circulars. The first of these appeared under the title \"The United States Geological Survey in Alaska: Accomplishments during 1975,\" and the series continued to the last annual circular entitled \"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1987,\" which reflects a title change made in 1986. This 1990 volume continues the bulletin format started in 1988. As in 1989, this volume separates shorter contributions as Geologic Notes from more extensive Articles.
This 1990 volume of 18 Articles and 4 Geologic Notes represents the broad range of USGS research activities carried out in Alaska over the past few years. These studies include topics on mineral and other resources such as gold (Y eend), platinum-group elements (Cathrall and Antweiler), coal (Roberts, Stricker, and Affolter), and petroleum (Howell, Bird, and others). Many other investigations provide background geochemical (Kilburn, Box, and others) and geologic data needed for resource evaluation as well as for determining the general geologic framework of Alaska, as in stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and paleontologic and radiometric age studies (Blodgett, Clough, and others; Box and Elder; Dickinson and Skipp; Marincovich and Moriya; McLean and Stanley; Stanley, Flores, and Wiley; Roeske, Pavlis, and others); geophysics (Sampson, Labson, and Long); structure and tectonic evaluations (Bradley and Kosky; Clendenen, Sliter, and Byrne; Karl; Csejtey; Howell, Johnsson, and others); and geomorphic and late Quaternary studies (Carter and Hillhouse; Galloway, Huebner, and others; McGimsey, Richter, and others; Nelson and Carter). These studies span nearly the entire State from the North Slope and Brooks Range to interior, southwestern, and south-central Alaska (fig. 1).
Two bibliographies (White) at the end of the volume list (1) reports about Alaska in USGS publications released in 1990 and (2) reports about Alaska by USGS authors in publications outside the USGS in 1990. A bibliography and index of papers in past USGS circulars that are devoted to geologic research and accomplishments in Alaska (1975 to 1986) is published as USGS Open-File Report 87-420.
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south-central Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481299,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22244.htm","text":"Geochemically anomalous areas in the eastern Goodnews Bay 1 degree by 3 degree quadrangle, southwest Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481300,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22245.htm","text":"Gold placers, gold source, and high terrace gravels in the Fortymile River area, Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481301,"rank":10,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22246.htm","text":"Reconnaissance sandstone petrology and provenance of the Cantwell Formation, central Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":481302,"rank":11,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Alaska","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402792,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_22239.htm","text":"Arc and extensional basin geochemical and tectonic affinities for Maiyumerak basalts in the western Brooks Range","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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Integration of geographic information systems and expert systems for resource management,
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Integration and aggregation of stream-drainage data using a geographic information system,
Procedures used in production of digital geologic coverage using compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) technology, and
Automated methods for producing a technical publication on estimated water use in the United States.
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N.","contributorId":16819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zihlman","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38327,"text":"ofr92365B - 1992 - NURE data for groundwater and stream sediments, BLM Roswell resource management area, east-central New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:45","indexId":"ofr92365B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-365","chapter":"B","title":"NURE data for groundwater and stream sediments, BLM Roswell resource management area, east-central New Mexico","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr92365B","usgsCitation":"Tidball, R.R., and Erdman, J.A., 1992, NURE data for groundwater and stream sediments, BLM Roswell resource management area, east-central New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-365, 1 Disk, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92365B.","productDescription":"1 Disk","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166137,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0365b/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64684,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0365b/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db6989e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tidball, Ronald R.","contributorId":12032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tidball","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erdman, James A.","contributorId":37748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdman","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38328,"text":"ofr92371B - 1992 - A digital dataset of the linear features of the surficial geologic map of the Bare Mountain Nevada quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-27T07:17:16","indexId":"ofr92371B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-371","chapter":"B","title":"A digital dataset of the linear features of the surficial geologic map of the Bare Mountain Nevada quadrangle","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr92371B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Schilling, S.P., 1992, A digital dataset of the linear features of the surficial geologic map of the Bare Mountain Nevada quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-371, 1 Disk, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92371B.","productDescription":"1 Disk","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270257,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0371b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aedf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38331,"text":"ofr92507B - 1992 - The digital geologic map of Colorado in ARC/INFO format, Part B. Command files","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-23T20:55:08.8094","indexId":"ofr92507B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-507","chapter":"B","title":"The digital geologic map of Colorado in ARC/INFO format, Part B. Command files","docAbstract":"This geologic map was prepared as a part of a study of digital\r\n methods and techniques as applied to complex geologic maps. The\r\n geologic map was digitized from the original scribe sheets used to\r\n prepare the published Geologic Map of Colorado (Tweto 1979).\r\n Consequently the digital version is at 1:500,000 scale using the\r\n Lambert Conformal Conic map projection parameters of the state base\r\n map. Stable base contact prints of the scribe sheets were scanned on\r\n a Tektronix 4991 digital scanner. The scanner automatically converts\r\n the scanned image to an ASCII vector format. These vectors were\r\n transferred to a VAX minicomputer, where they were then loaded into\r\n ARC/INFO. Each vector and polygon was given attributes derived from\r\n the original 1979 geologic map.\r\n \r\n This database was developed on a MicroVAX computer system using VAX\r\n V 5.4 nd ARC/INFO 5.0 software.\r\n \r\n UPDATE: April 1995,\r\n The update was done solely for the purpose of adding the abilitly to\r\n plot to an HP650c plotter. Two new ARC/INFO plot AMLs along with a lineset\r\n and shadeset for the HP650C design jet printer have been included. These\r\n new files are COLORADO.650, INDEX.650, TWETOLIN.E00 and TWETOSHD.E00. These\r\n files were created on a UNIX platform with ARC/INFO 6.1.2. Updated versions\r\n of INDEX.E00, CONTACT.E00, LINE.E00, DECO.E00 and BORDER.E00 files that\r\n included the newly defined HP650c items are also included.\r\n \r\n * Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes\r\n only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.\r\n \r\n \r\n Descriptors:\r\n The Digital Geologic Map of Colorado in ARC/INFO Format\r\n Open-File Report 92-050","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The digital geologic map of Colorado in ARC/INFO format","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr92507B","usgsCitation":"Green, G.N., 1992, The digital geologic map of Colorado in ARC/INFO format, Part B. Command files: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-507, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92507B.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":389688,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23430.htm"},{"id":166141,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3424,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/ofr-92-0507/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -109.05029296875,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -109.09423828125,\n 37.00255267215955\n ],\n [\n -102.06298828125,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -101.9970703125,\n 41.02964338716638\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db668453","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Green, Gregory N.","contributorId":40226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38333,"text":"ofr92523B - 1992 - Database for metallic mineral districts and mines of the Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-27T07:18:56","indexId":"ofr92523B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-523","chapter":"B","title":"Database for metallic mineral districts and mines of the Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr92523B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Wilson, A.B., and DeWitt, E., 1992, Database for metallic mineral districts and mines of the Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-523, 1 Disk, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92523B.","productDescription":"1 Disk","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165564,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270259,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0523b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db674204","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38334,"text":"ofr92523C - 1992 - Database for metallic mineral districts and mines of the Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:45","indexId":"ofr92523C","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-523","chapter":"C","title":"Database for metallic mineral districts and mines of the Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr92523C","usgsCitation":"Wilson, A.B., and DeWitt, E., 1992, Database for metallic mineral districts and mines of the Black Hills, South Dakota and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-523, 1 Disk, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92523C.","productDescription":"1 Disk","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abce4b07f02db672cdc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Anna B. 0000-0002-9737-2614 awilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":1619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","email":"awilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeWitt, Ed","contributorId":65081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeWitt","given":"Ed","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38336,"text":"ofr92532B - 1992 - GPRMODEL one-dimensional full waveform forward modeling of ground penetrating radar data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-27T07:19:31","indexId":"ofr92532B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-532","chapter":"B","title":"GPRMODEL one-dimensional full waveform forward modeling of ground penetrating radar data","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr92532B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Powers, M.H., Duke, S., Huffman, A., and Olhoeft, G., 1992, GPRMODEL one-dimensional full waveform forward modeling of ground penetrating radar data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-532, 1 Disk, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr92532B.","productDescription":"1 Disk","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":165567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270260,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1992/0532b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b15d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Powers, Michael H. 0000-0002-4480-7856 mhpowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4480-7856","contributorId":851,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powers","given":"Michael","email":"mhpowers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":219632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duke, S.K.","contributorId":72000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duke","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Huffman, A. C.","contributorId":55422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olhoeft, G.R.","contributorId":10405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olhoeft","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":38371,"text":"pp1518 - 1992 - Revised nomenclature, definitions, and correlations for the Cretaceous formations in USGS-Clubhouse Crossroads #1, Dorchester County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:39","indexId":"pp1518","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1518","title":"Revised nomenclature, definitions, and correlations for the Cretaceous formations in USGS-Clubhouse Crossroads #1, Dorchester County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The stratigraphy of the Cretaceous section in a continuously cored stratigraphic test hole, USGS-Clubhouse Crossroads #1, is reviewed and amended herein. Located in southern Dorchester County, S.C., the Clubhouse Crossroads #1 core is one of the principal stratigraphic reference sections in the southern Atlantic Coastal Plain. \r\n\r\nTraditional and revised systems of stratigraphic nomenclature for the outcropping Cretaceous formations of the Carolinas are reviewed for their applicability in defining subsurface Cretaceous formations at Clubhouse Crossroads. The revised nomenclature, exemplified by the formations proposed by J. P. Owens in 1989 and by N. F. Sohl and Owens in 1991, is preferred for this purpose over the traditional nomenclature established by D.J.P. Swift and S.D. Heron, Jr., in 1969. The revised nomenclature is selected because of its greater emphasis on the historical succession of entire sedimentary systems (timeparallel formations), in contrast to the emphasis placed on the physical continuity of individual facies through time (time-transgressive formations) in the traditional nomenclature. Physical relationships between the two types of formations are discerned by using K.E. Caster's 1934 facies model, in which the time-transgressive units of the traditional model are his magnafacies and the time-parallel units of the revised model are sets of his laterally contiguous parvafacies. \r\n\r\nIn 1977, G.S. Gohn and others and J.E. Hazel and others provisionally delineated Cretaceous formations in the Clubhouse Crossroads #1 core by using Swift and Heron's traditional units. The publication of additional lithologic and paleontologic data since 1977 for Cretaceous units in the core and for Cretaceous units throughout the Carolinas provides a basis for reviewing and amending the original definitions of the Cretaceous formations at Clubhouse Crossroads. Ages assigned to the Cretaceous units at Clubhouse Crossroads by Hazel and others are also reviewed. \r\n\r\nThe boundaries and definitions of the Cape Fear, Middendorf, Black Creek, and Peedee Formations originally used for the core by Gohn and others and Hazel and others are substantially changed herein. In addition, the Black Creek Formation of the core is raised in rank to become the Black Creek Group, which consists of two newly defined formations (Cane Acre and Coachman) and two newly recognized formations previously described in outcrop (Bladen and Donoho Creek). Four subsurface formations that are not known in outcrop are newly defined in the core (Beech Hill, Clubhouse, Shepherd Grove, and Caddin). The revised stratigraphy of the Cretaceous section in the Clubhouse Crossroads #1 core, from base to top, is as follows: Beech Hill Formation (Cenomanian?), Clubhouse Formation (late Cenomanian? and Turonian), Cape Fear Formation (late Turonian? to early Santonian), Middendorf Formation (middle Santonian), Shepherd Grove Formation (late Santonian and early Campanian), Caddin Formation (early Campanian), Cane Acre Formation (middle Campanian, Black Creek Group), Coachman Formation (middle to late Campanian, Black Creek Group), Bladen Formation (late Campanian, Black Creek Group), Donoho Creek Formation (early Maastrichtian, Black Creek Group), and Peedee Formation (late early Maastrichtian to middle or late Maastrichtian).","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1518","usgsCitation":"Gohn, G., 1992, Revised nomenclature, definitions, and correlations for the Cretaceous formations in USGS-Clubhouse Crossroads #1, Dorchester County, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1518, 39 p., 1 plate in pocket, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1518.","productDescription":"39 p., 1 plate in pocket","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125136,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1518/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64715,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1518/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64716,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1518/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbf70","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gohn, Gregory S.","contributorId":50155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gohn","given":"Gregory S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38375,"text":"pp1523 - 1992 - Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T16:08:20","indexId":"pp1523","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1523","title":"Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians","docAbstract":"Nonhydrated obsidians are quenched magmatic liquids that record in their chemical compositions details of the tectonic environment of formation and of the differentiation mechanisms that affected their subsequent evolution. This study attempts to analyze, in terms of geologic processes, the compositional variations in the subalkalic silicic obsidians (Si02≥70 percent by weight, molecular (Na2O+K20)>Al2O3). New major- and trace-element determinations of 241 samples and a compilation of 130 published major-element analyses are reported and interpreted. Obsidians from five different tectonic settings are recognized: (1) primitive island arcs, (2) mature island arcs, (3) continental margins, (4) continental interiors, and (5) oceanic extensional zones. Tectonomagmatic discrimination between these groups is successfully made on Nb-Ta, Nb-FeOt and Th-Hf-Ta plots, and compositional ranges and averages for each group are presented. The chemical differences between groups are related to the type of crust in which magmas were generated. With increasingly sialic (continental type) crust, the obsidians show overall enrichment in F, Be, Li, Mo, Nb, Rb, Sn, Ta, U, W, Zn, and the rare-earth elements, and depletion in Mg, Ca, Ba, Co, Sc, Sr, and Zr. They become more potassic, have higher Fe/Mg and F/Cl ratios, and lower Zr/Hf, Nb/Ta, and Th/U ratios. Higher values of total rare-earth elements are accompanied by light rare-earth-element enrichment and pronounced negative Eu anomalies. An attempt is made to link obsidian chemistry to genetic mechanlism. Two broad groups of rocks are distinguished: one generated where crystal-liquid processes dominated (CLPD types), which are the products of crustal anatexis, possibly under conditions of low halogen fugacity, ± crystal fractionation ± magma mixing; and a second group represented by rocks formed in the upper parts of large magma chambers by interplays of crystal fractionation, volatile transfer, magma mixing, and possibly various liquid-state differentiation mechanisms, or in other words a complex interaction of petrogenetic processes (CIPP types). Such rocks may also form by volatile-fluxed partial melting of the wallrocks, and subsequent mixing into the magma reservoir. Compositional ranges and averages for CLPD and CIPP obsidians are given. It is shown by analogy with well-documented, zoned ash-flow ruffs that obsidians fractionated by CIPP have very low Mg, P, Ba, and Sr contents, flat rare-earth-element patterns with extensive Eu anomalies, low K/Rb and Zr/Nb ratios, and relatively high Na2O/K2O ratios. There is, however, considerable compositional overlap between CLPD and CIPP obsidians. The effects of magma mixing, assimilation, and vapor-phase transport in producing compositional variations in the obsidians are briefly assessed. The geochemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians is described on an element-by-element basis, in order to provide a database for silicic magma compositions that will hopefully contribute to studies of granitic rocks. Attempts are also made to isolate the geochemical effects of tectonic environment and genetic mechanism for each element, by comparison with data from crystal-liquid equilibria-controlled systems, from ash-flow sheets zoned by CIPP, and from mixed-magma series. A final tabulation relates the complexities of obsidian geochemistry to all the tectonic and genetic variables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1523","usgsCitation":"MacDonald, R., Smith, R.L., and Thomas, J.E., 1992, Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1523, Report: vi, 214 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1523.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 214 p.; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"224","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276593,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/downloads/pp1523_appendix1.csv","text":"Appendix 1","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":333084,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/pdf/pp1523_text.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64722,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/report.pdf","text":"Revision notice","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":276592,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/downloads/pp1523_appendixes1-2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1-2","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"}},{"id":333083,"rank":4,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1523/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3264","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacDonald, Ray","contributorId":9704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacDonald","given":"Ray","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Robert L.","contributorId":90803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, John E.","contributorId":48234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}