{"pageNumber":"1396","pageRowStart":"34875","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40871,"records":[{"id":70126505,"text":"70126505 - 1991 - Modeling wetland and riparian vegetation change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T13:51:00","indexId":"70126505","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T13:50:13","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Modeling wetland and riparian vegetation change","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of an International Symposium: Wetlands and River Corridor Management","conferenceTitle":"Wetlands and River Corridor Management","conferenceDate":"1989-07-05T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Charleston, SC","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Wetland Managers","publisherLocation":"Berne, NY","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., 1991, Modeling wetland and riparian vegetation change, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb2ae4b08312ac7cf084","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":502113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70138488,"text":"70138488 - 1991 - The neotectonic setting of Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T18:52:43","indexId":"70138488","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T13:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The neotectonic setting of Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"

The island of Puerto Rico, in the northeast Caribbean, lies within a broad deformation zone between the Caribbean and North American plates. The simplest model for the tectonic setting of Puerto Rico has major strike-slip movement on nearly east-west lines in the vicinity of the Puerto Rico Trench coupled to a small counterclockwise rotation of a Puerto Rico block within the broader plate boundary zone. This simple model is attractive because it predicts the tectonic regime south of Puerto Rico, and provides an explanation for a possible component of extension across the Puerto Rico Trench west of 65.5°W. GLORIA long-range sidescan sonar data and seismic reflection profiles have been used to test this model by mapping the major tectonic features across the plate boundary north and south of Puerto Rico. To the north, the new data help to resolve between conflicting models, of underthrusting or strike-slip motion at the Puerto Rico Trench. No direct evidence of compression is seen, although evidence for normal and strike-slip movement is abundant. This, combined with regional considerations, leads us to conclude that the main east-west-trending part of the Puerto Rico Trench between 65.5°W and 68°W lies within a strike-slip regime, although oblique convergence occurs both to the east and west where the plate boundary trends east-southeast. To the south of Puerto Rico, underthrusting of the Caribbean plate beneath the island decreases from west to east, and it is ultimately replaced by extension in the Virgin Islands Basin east of 65°W.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0144:TNSOPR>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Masson, D., and Scanlon, K.M., 1991, The neotectonic setting of Puerto Rico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, no. 1, p. 144-154, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0144:TNSOPR>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"144","endPage":"154","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 17.43451055152291\n ],\n [\n -65.2587890625,\n 17.43451055152291\n ],\n [\n -65.2587890625,\n 19.02057711096681\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 19.02057711096681\n ],\n [\n -67.587890625,\n 17.43451055152291\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"103","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c6de4b08de9379b37dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masson, D.G.","contributorId":44160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masson","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scanlon, Kathryn M.","contributorId":6816,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scanlon","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70147541,"text":"70147541 - 1991 - Proterozoic geology and ore deposits of Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-04T11:09:12","indexId":"70147541","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Proterozoic geology and ore deposits of Arizona","docAbstract":"

Proterozoic rocks in Arizona have been the focus of interest for geologists since the late 1800's. Early investigations, led by the U.S. Geological Survey, focused on the extensive ore deposits hosted by Proterozoic rocks. By the 1960's, these studies, combined with theses from academic institutions and the efforts of the Arizona Geological Survey, had produced a rich data base of geologic maps, primarily of the central part of the Transition Zone. The chronological significance of these maps became much better known with the application of U-Pb geochronology by L.Y. Silver and his students starting in the 1960's. The 1970's and early 1980's were marked by numerous contributions from Masters and Ph.D students at a variety of academic institutions, and continued work by the U.S. Geological Survey. Interest in ore deposits persisted and there was an increasing interest in interpretation of the tectonic history of Proterozoic rocks in terms of plate tectonic models, as summarized in papers by Phillip Anderson, Ed DeWitt, Clay Conway, Paul Lindberg, and J.L Anderson in the 1989 Arizona Geological Society Digest 17: \"Geologic Evolution of Arizona\". The present volume: \"Proterozoic Geology and Ore deposits of Arizona\" builds upon A.G.S. Digest 17, and presents the results of geologic investigations from the latter part of the 1980's. A number of the papers are condensed versions of MS theses done by students at Northern Arizona University. These papers are based upon 1:10,000 mapping and structural analysis of several areas in Arizona. The geologic maps from each of these studies are available separately as part of the Arizona Geological Survey Contributed Map Series. These detailed maps, plus the continuing mapping efforts of the U.S.G.S. and students at other academic institutions, form an ever improving data base for continuing attempts to understand the Proterozoic geology and ore deposits of Arizona

","language":"English","publisher":"Arizona Geological Society","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Karlstrom, K.E., 1991, Proterozoic geology and ore deposits of Arizona, v. 19, 332 p.","productDescription":"332 p.","numberOfPages":"332","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":300042,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55489850e4b0a658d7960d79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karlstrom, Karl E.","contributorId":75597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlstrom","given":"Karl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70125953,"text":"70125953 - 1991 - Predictive models of riparian vegetation response to altered streamflow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-24T12:09:48","indexId":"70125953","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:39:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"Information Series No. 66","title":"Predictive models of riparian vegetation response to altered streamflow","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"South Platte River resource management: Finding a balance","language":"English","publisher":"Colorado Water Resources Research Center, Colorado State University","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Scott, M.L., Martin, L., Ischinger, L.S., and Segelquist, C., 1991, Predictive models of riparian vegetation response to altered streamflow, 44 p.","productDescription":"44 p.","numberOfPages":"44","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294136,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541bf44be4b0e96537ddf80d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, M. L.","contributorId":75090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"M.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, L.J.","contributorId":73637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ischinger, Lee S.","contributorId":34054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ischinger","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segelquist, C.A.","contributorId":108410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"C.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70126469,"text":"70126469 - 1991 - Application and partial validation of a habitat model for moose in the Lake Superior region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T14:09:32","indexId":"70126469","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:33:47","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":693,"text":"Alces","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application and partial validation of a habitat model for moose in the Lake Superior region","docAbstract":"

A modified version of the dormant-season portion of a Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model developed for assessing moose (Alces alces) habitat in the Lake Superior Region was incorporated in a Geographic Information System (GIS) for 490 km2 of Minnesota's Superior National Forest. Moose locations (n=235) were plotted during aerial surveys conducted in December 1988 and January 1990-1991. Dormant-season forage and cover quality for 1,000-m, 500-m, and 200-m radii plots around random points and moose locations were compared using U.S. Forest Service stand examination data. Cover quality indices were lower than forage quality indices within all plots. The median value for the average cover quality index was greater (P=0.003) within 200-m plots around cow moose locations than for plots around random points for the most severe winter of the study. The proportion of highest-quality winter cover, such as mixed stands dominated by mid-age class white spruce (Picea glauca) and balsam fir (Abies balsanea), was greater within 500-m and 200-m plots around cow moose than within similar plots around random points during the two most severe winters. These results indicate that suboptimum ratings of winter habitat quality used in the GIS for dormant-season forage >100 m from cover, as suggested in the original HSI model, are reasonable. Integrating the habitat model with forest stand data using a GIS permitted analysis of moose habitat within a relatively large geographic area. Simulation of habitat quality indicated a potential shortage of late-winter cover in the study area. The effects of forest management actions on moose habitat quality can be simulated without collecting additional data.

","language":"English","publisher":"Lakehead University","publisherLocation":"Thunder Bay, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Allen, A., Terrell, J., Mangus, W., and Lindquist, E.L., 1991, Application and partial validation of a habitat model for moose in the Lake Superior region: Alces, v. 27, p. 50-64.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"64","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340768,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://flash.lakeheadu.ca/~arodgers/Alces/vol27_1991.html"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior region","volume":"27","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb15e4b08312ac7cef0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, A.W.","contributorId":78282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"A.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Terrell, J.W.","contributorId":15975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mangus, W.L.","contributorId":58580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mangus","given":"W.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindquist, E. L.","contributorId":60342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lindquist","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70126196,"text":"70126196 - 1991 - Riparian vegetation of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River, Colorado: composition and response to selected hydrologic regimes based on a direct gradient assessment model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-19T11:30:45","indexId":"70126196","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:26:18","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Riparian vegetation of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River, Colorado: composition and response to selected hydrologic regimes based on a direct gradient assessment model","docAbstract":"The Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Monument is located along the Gunnison River on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains in Montrose County, Colorado. The canyon is narrow because it is cut into resistant pre-Cambrian gneiss: it has a maximum depth of 900m and a minimum width of 300m from rim to rim (Hansen 1987). The watershed is 10,000 square km. A 450-m study reach was selected by the National Park Service (Fig. 1). The width of the canyon bottom within the study reach varies from 40 to 90 m, the gradient is 0.0128, and the elevation is approximately 1707 m. Average annual precipitation is 370 m (Colorado Climate Center 1984). Because of the steep canyon walls the study reach is inaccessible to livestock and has probably never been grazed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the National Park Service.","usgsCitation":"Auble, G.T., Friedman, J.M., and Scott, M.L., 1991, Riparian vegetation of the Black Canyon of the Gunnison River, Colorado: composition and response to selected hydrologic regimes based on a direct gradient assessment model, 79 p.","productDescription":"79 p.","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Gunnison River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.026538,38.503194 ], [ -107.026538,38.663596 ], [ -106.847142,38.663596 ], [ -106.847142,38.503194 ], [ -107.026538,38.503194 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541d45a2e4b0f68901ec30e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scott, Michael L. scottm@usgs.gov","contributorId":1169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Michael","email":"scottm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":501905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70138476,"text":"70138476 - 1991 - Multiple outer-reef tracts along the south Florida bank margin: Outlier reefs, a new windward-margin model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T14:54:41","indexId":"70138476","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T11:15:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multiple outer-reef tracts along the south Florida bank margin: Outlier reefs, a new windward-margin model","docAbstract":"

High-resolution seismic-reflection profiles off the lower Florida Keys reveal a multiple outlier-reef tract system ~0.5 to 1.5 km sea-ward of the bank margin. The system is characterized by a massive, outer main reef tract of high (28 m) unburied relief that parallels the margin and at least two narrower, discontinuous reef tracts of lower relief between the main tract and the shallow bank-margin reefs. The outer tract is ~0.5 to 1 km wide and extends a distance of ~57 km. A single pass divides the outer tract into two main reefs. The outlier reefs developed on antecedent, low-gradient to horizontal offbank surfaces, interpreted to be Pleistocene beaches that formed terracelike features. Radiocarbon dates of a coral core from the outer tract confirm a pre-Holocene age. These multiple outlier reefs represent a new windward-margin model that presents a significant, unique mechanism for progradation of carbonate platforms during periods of sea-level fluctuation. Infilling of the back-reef terrace basins would create new terraced promontories and would extend or \"step\" the platform seaward for hundreds of metres. Subsequent outlier-reef development would produce laterally accumulating sequences.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0115:MORTAT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lidz, B.H., Hine, A.C., Shinn, E., and Kindinger, J.L., 1991, Multiple outer-reef tracts along the south Florida bank margin: Outlier reefs, a new windward-margin model: Geology, v. 19, no. 2, p. 115-118, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0115:MORTAT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"118","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Keys","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.166748046875,\n 24.387127324604496\n ],\n [\n -79.639892578125,\n 24.387127324604496\n ],\n [\n -79.639892578125,\n 25.740529092773226\n ],\n [\n -82.166748046875,\n 25.740529092773226\n ],\n [\n -82.166748046875,\n 24.387127324604496\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c07e4b08de9379b35f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lidz, Barbara H. blidz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lidz","given":"Barbara","email":"blidz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":538713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hine, A. C.","contributorId":21197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hine","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shinn, Eugene A.","contributorId":86708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"Eugene A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kindinger, Jack L. jkindinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kindinger","given":"Jack","email":"jkindinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70243106,"text":"70243106 - 1991 - Tectonic evolution of submarine canyons along the California continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T15:50:44.414218","indexId":"70243106","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T10:43:24","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Tectonic evolution of submarine canyons along the California continental margin","docAbstract":"

The development of submarine canyons along active-plate margins commonly is influenced by tectonic processes. Recent studies of submarine canyons along the transform margin of western North America show that the origin and subsequent evolution of many canyons are correlatable with plate motion and plate-margin deformation. Elements of canyon morphology such as bends and meanders commonly are controlled by faults and folds that are relatable to the structural fabric of the continental shelf and slope. Some canyon heads that appear to be displaced from their lower reaches are explainable as the result of movement along strike-slip faults associated with the plate margin.

Many submarine canyons along the California margin are not associated with large rivers and thus may owe their origins either to pre-Holocene fluvial or structural processes. Some modern canyons appear to be associated with pre-Pleistocene ancestral canyons. Because of both vertical and horizontal tectonic movements during the past 20 Ma, some California submarine canyons have been repeatedly filled and exhumed; the most recent exhumation began during the latest lowstand of sea level and continues today.

Canyons that today have their upper reaches on the continental slope or outermost shelf, distant from large rivers or other sources of sediment supply, commonly appear to have been laterally displaced along offshore faults. Palinspastic reconstructions along these faults commonly reveal a genetic relation between such canyons and canyons heading nearshore, from which they were offset. For example, detailed studies of the Ascension-Monterey Submarine Canyon system in Monterey Bay suggest that several smaller canyons on the outer shelf and upper slope have been displaced northwestward from the headward part of Monterey Canyon by right slip along offshore faults of the Palo Colorado-San Gregorio, Ascension, and Monterey Bay fault zones. Many other canyons on the California margin have developed along, or had their courses abruptly altered by, structural zones, owing either to canyon cutting along a zone of weakness or to fault displacement. Mass wasting associated with zones of faulting and slumping, which may have been seismically induced, also may affect canyon form. Clearly, submarine canyons along the California margin commonly owe their origin and morphologic development to influences other than fluvial erosion during sea-level lowstands. A chief influence has been the San Andreas fault system.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From shoreline to abyss: Contributions in marine geology in honor of Francis Parker Shepard","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for Sedimentary Geology","doi":"10.2110/pec.91.09.0231","usgsCitation":"Greene, H.G., Clarke, S.H., and Kennedy, M.P., 1991, Tectonic evolution of submarine canyons along the California continental margin, chap. of From shoreline to abyss: Contributions in marine geology in honor of Francis Parker Shepard, v. 46, p. 231-248, https://doi.org/10.2110/pec.91.09.0231.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"248","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.41161630600647,\n 42.0257815406828\n ],\n [\n -127.07741827568586,\n 41.98835806077477\n ],\n [\n -127.38395064233487,\n 39.912204429459166\n ],\n [\n -124.65433693468546,\n 36.913600843632395\n ],\n [\n -122.16673367125361,\n 34.382549116830674\n ],\n [\n -119.47610422640233,\n 31.504287988617662\n ],\n [\n -116.19709195892466,\n 32.617091771084674\n ],\n [\n -118.26467161004865,\n 34.537333657167764\n ],\n [\n -120.23856749286847,\n 34.70435494141583\n ],\n [\n -121.43897703985544,\n 36.515346479020636\n ],\n [\n -121.96625365032219,\n 38.11143155114834\n ],\n [\n -122.77816703147266,\n 38.457638341824065\n ],\n [\n -123.40417442786332,\n 39.250110639747106\n ],\n [\n -123.68450542069246,\n 40.619347986184806\n ],\n [\n -123.41161630600647,\n 42.0257815406828\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Osborne, Robert H.","contributorId":83120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osborne","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871070,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Greene, H. Gary","contributorId":139063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greene","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Gary","affiliations":[{"id":12639,"text":"Moss Landing Marine Labs","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":871067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clarke, Samuel H. Jr.","contributorId":23610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clarke","given":"Samuel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kennedy, Michael P.","contributorId":63469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126450,"text":"70126450 - 1991 - Remote sensing snow leopard habitat in the trans-Himalaya of India using spatial models and satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-23T10:36:42","indexId":"70126450","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T10:35:22","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Remote sensing snow leopard habitat in the trans-Himalaya of India using spatial models and satellite imagery","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Resource Technology 90: Second international symposium on advanced technology in natural resource management","conferenceTitle":"Resource Technology 90: Second international symposium on advanced technology in natural resource management","conferenceDate":"1990-11-12T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Washington, D.C.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Prasad, S., Chundawat, R.S., Hunter, D., Panwar, H., and Rawat, G., 1991, Remote sensing snow leopard habitat in the trans-Himalaya of India using spatial models and satellite imagery, 5 p.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294302,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"India","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 68.16,6.75 ], [ 68.16,35.5 ], [ 97.4,35.5 ], [ 97.4,6.75 ], [ 68.16,6.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb2ee4b08312ac7cf0bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prasad, S.N.","contributorId":101582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prasad","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chundawat, Raghunandan S.","contributorId":81607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chundawat","given":"Raghunandan","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, D.O.","contributorId":104264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Panwar, H.","contributorId":108041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panwar","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rawat, G.S.","contributorId":65290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawat","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70199817,"text":"70199817 - 1991 - A thermodynamic partition model for binding of nonionic organic compounds by organic colloids and implications for their sorption to soils and sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T09:33:57","indexId":"70199817","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T09:31:11","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A thermodynamic partition model for binding of nonionic organic compounds by organic colloids and implications for their sorption to soils and sediment","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic substances and sediments in water: Humics and soils","language":"English","publisher":"Lewis","publisherLocation":"Chelsea, Michigan","usgsCitation":"Chin, U., Weber, W.J., and Chiou, C.T., 1991, A thermodynamic partition model for binding of nonionic organic compounds by organic colloids and implications for their sorption to soils and sediment, chap. of Organic substances and sediments in water: Humics and soils, v. 1, p. 251-273.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"273","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112477e4b034bf6a81dfa9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Baker, R.A.","contributorId":146653,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baker","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746778,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Chin, U.P.","contributorId":208337,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chin","given":"U.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Walter J. Jr.","contributorId":189504,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Walter","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70126914,"text":"70126914 - 1991 - Evaluation of the instream flow incremental methodology by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service field users","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-11T15:59:46","indexId":"70126914","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T09:18:54","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of the instream flow incremental methodology by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service field users","docAbstract":"

This paper summarizes results of a survey conducted in 1988 of 57 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service field offices. The purpose was to document opinions of biologists experienced in applying the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM). Responses were received from 35 offices where 616 IFIM applications were reported. The existence of six monitoring studies designed to evaluate the adequacy of flows provided at sites was confirmed. The two principal categories reported as stumbling blocks to the successful application of IFIM were beliefs that the methodology is technically too simplistic or that it is too complex to apply. Recommendations receiving the highest scores for future initiatives to enhance IFIM use were (1) training and workshops for field biologists; and (2) improving suitability index (SI) curves and computer models, and evaluating the relationship of weighted useable area (WUA) to fish responses. The authors concur that emphasis for research should be on addressing technical concerns about SI curves and WUA.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1991)016<0036:EOTIFI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Armour, C.L., and Taylor, J.G., 1991, Evaluation of the instream flow incremental methodology by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service field users: Fisheries, v. 16, no. 5, p. 36-43, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1991)016<0036:EOTIFI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"36","endPage":"43","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294453,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252eb2e4b0e641df8a6fce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armour, Carl L.","contributorId":16499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armour","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, Jonathan G.","contributorId":37378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199814,"text":"70199814 - 1991 - Parameters involved in modeling movement of bacteria in groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T08:44:03","indexId":"70199814","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T08:40:42","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Parameters involved in modeling movement of bacteria in groundwater","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Modeling the environmental fate of microorganisms","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Harvey, R.W., 1991, Parameters involved in modeling movement of bacteria in groundwater, chap. of Modeling the environmental fate of microorganisms, p. 89-114.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"114","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112478e4b034bf6a81dfab","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hurst, C. J.","contributorId":206942,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurst","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746772,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Harvey, Ronald W. 0000-0002-2791-8503 rwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2791-8503","contributorId":564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Ronald","email":"rwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70209074,"text":"70209074 - 1991 - Great lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (glemeds) in colonial fish-eating birds: Similarity to chick-edema disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-13T08:36:15","indexId":"70209074","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T08:28:54","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2480,"text":"Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (glemeds) in colonial fish-eating birds: Similarity to chick-edema disease","docAbstract":"

Several species of colonial fish-eating birds nesting in the Great Lakes basin Includ-ing herring gulls, common terns and double-crested cormorants, have exhibited chronic impairment of reproduction. In addition to eggshell thinning caused by high levels of DDT and metabolites, the reproductive impairment is characterized by high embryonic and chick mortality, edema, growth retardation, and deformities, hence the name Great Lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (GLEMEDS). The hypothesis has been advanced that GLEMEDS in colonial fish-eating birds resembles chick-edema disease of poultry and has been caused by exposure to chick- edema active compounds that have a common mode of action through the cytochrome P-448 system. Detailed evidence has been collected from the following three groups of studies on herring gulls in the lower Great Lakes during the early 1970s; Forster’s terns in Green Bay, Wisconsin in 1983; and double-crested cormorants and Caspian terns in various locations in the upper Great Lakes from 1986 onwards. It has proved difficult to establish not only the onset of the disease in the various species at various locations but also the period in which chick-edema active compounds were released. Anecdotal evidence suggested that serious egg mortality. © 1988 by Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.

","language":"English","publisher":"Hemisphere Publishing Corporation","doi":"10.1080/15287399109531538","issn":"00984108","usgsCitation":"Gilbertson, M., Kubiak, T.J., Ludwig, J.P., and Fox, G., 1991, Great lakes embryo mortality, edema, and deformities syndrome (glemeds) in colonial fish-eating birds: Similarity to chick-edema disease: Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, v. 33, no. 4, p. 455-520, https://doi.org/10.1080/15287399109531538.","productDescription":"66 p. ","startPage":"455","endPage":"520","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":373238,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada ","state":"Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Ontario ","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 49.05227025601607\n ],\n [\n -92.2412109375,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -87.91259765625,\n 43.004647127794435\n ],\n [\n -87.62695312499999,\n 41.65649719441145\n ],\n [\n -84.0234375,\n 41.02964338716638\n ],\n [\n -80.33203125,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -78.6181640625,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -75.498046875,\n 43.67581809328341\n ],\n [\n -75.76171875,\n 44.512176171071054\n ],\n [\n -74.37744140625,\n 45.259422036351694\n ],\n [\n -75.87158203125,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -77.10205078124999,\n 45.81348649679973\n ],\n [\n -78.68408203124999,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 49.05227025601607\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilbertson, Michael","contributorId":111420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilbertson","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kubiak, Timothy J.","contributorId":74447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubiak","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ludwig, James P.","contributorId":175390,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ludwig","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":784731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fox, Glen","contributorId":223285,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"Glen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12590,"text":"Canadian Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":784732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015160,"text":"70015160 - 1991 - A FORTRAN program for interpretation of relative permeability from unsteady-state displacements with capillary pressure included","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:20:34","indexId":"70015160","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A FORTRAN program for interpretation of relative permeability from unsteady-state displacements with capillary pressure included","docAbstract":"This paper presents a FORTRAN program for the determination of two-phase relative permeabilities from unsteady-state displacement data with capillary pressure terms included. The interpretative model employed in this program combines the simultaneous solution of a variant of the fractional flow equation which includes a capillary pressure term and an integro-differential equation derived from Darcy's law without assuming the simplified Buckley-Leverett flow. The incorporation of capillary pressure in the governing equations dispenses with the high flowrate experimental requirements normally employed to overcome capillarity effects. An illustrative example is presented herein which implements this program for the determination of oil/water relative permeabilities from a sandstone core sample. Results obtained compares favorably with results previously given in the literature. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(91)90001-T","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Udegbunam, E., 1991, A FORTRAN program for interpretation of relative permeability from unsteady-state displacements with capillary pressure included: Computers & Geosciences, v. 17, no. 10, p. 1351-1357, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(91)90001-T.","startPage":"1351","endPage":"1357","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266168,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(91)90001-T"},{"id":223919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2d7e4b0c8380cd45ca7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udegbunam, E.O.","contributorId":88087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udegbunam","given":"E.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015103,"text":"70015103 - 1991 - Estimating estuarine flushing and residence times in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, via salt balance and a box model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-22T13:39:15","indexId":"70015103","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating estuarine flushing and residence times in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, via salt balance and a box model","docAbstract":"The new concept is that, over many tidal cycles, the tidally averaged \"flow' (Qg) of water from the Gulf of Mexico, with a salinity of 35???, can be treated as a constant at any point in the estuary. This flow is used in a simple mixing equation to predict salinity in the estuary at different river inflows, and the predicted salinities are used to compute residence times for water in the estuary. The techniques developed to achieve optimal precision in the relation between river inflow and salinity include a newly derived equation to fit Qg by a least-squares method and a procedure to determine the optimal averaging period for river inflow. Results from Charlotte Harbor indicate that, under average (70 m3s-1) river inflow, 95% of the original water present in the harbor flushes into the gulf in 130 d. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Limnology and Oceanography","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Limnology and Oceanography","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., and McPherson, B.F., 1991, Estimating estuarine flushing and residence times in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, via salt balance and a box model: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 36, no. 3, p. 602-612.","startPage":"602","endPage":"612","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223968,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267941,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_36/issue_3/0602.pdf"}],"volume":"36","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b1ae4b0c8380cd52588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McPherson, B. F.","contributorId":62983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016714,"text":"70016714 - 1991 - Thermodynamic assessment of hydrothermal alkali feldspar-mica-aluminosilicate equilibria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T14:32:16.480724","indexId":"70016714","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamic assessment of hydrothermal alkali feldspar-mica-aluminosilicate equilibria","docAbstract":"

The thermodynamic properties of minerals retrieved from consideration of solid-solid and dehydration equilibria with calorimetric reference values, and those of aqueous species derived from studies of electrolytes, are not consistent with experimentally measured high-temperature solubilities in the systems K2O- and Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-HCl (e.g., K-fs — Ms — Qtz — K+ — H+). This introduces major inaccuracies into the computation of ionic activity ratios and the acidities of diagenetic, metamorphic, and magmatic hydrothermal fluids buffered by alkali silicate-bearing assemblages. We report a thermodynamic analysis of revised solubility equilibria in these systems that integrates the thermodynamic properties of minerals obtained from phase equilibria studies (Berman, 1988) with the properties of aqueous species calculated from a calibrated equation of state (Shock and Helgeson, 1988). This was achieved in two separate steps.

First, new values of the free energies and enthalpies of formation at 25°C and 1 bar for the alkali silicates muscovite and albite were retrieved from the experimental solubility equilibria at 300°C and Psat. Because the latter have stoichiometric reaction coefficients different from those for solid-solid and dehydration equilibria, our procedure preserves exactly the relative thermodynamic properties of the alkali-bearing silicates (Berman, 1988). Only simple arithmetic adjustments of −1,600 and −1,626 (&#xB1;500\">±500) cal/mol to all the K- and Na-bearing silicates, respectively, in Berman (1988) are required. In all cases, the revised values are within &#xB1;0.2%\">±0.2% of calorimetric values. Similar adjustments were derived for the properties of minerals from Helgeson et al. (1978).

Second, new values of the dissociation constant of HCl were retrieved from the solubility equilibria at temperatures and pressures from 300–600°C and 0.5–2.0 kbars using a simple model for aqueous speciation. The results agree well with the conductance-derived dissociation constants from Franck (1956a,b) for temperatures from 300–550°C. Compared to the conductance-derived results of Frantz and Marshall (1984), our dissociation constants agree well at the highest densities, but are greater at lower densities. At the lowest density, at 600°C and 1 kbar, the discrepancy of 0.9 log units is within the overall uncertainties associated with our experimental results and those associated with deriving dissociation constants from conductance measurements in highly associated solutions (Oelkers and Helgeson, 1988). Finally, we also report an equation of state fit to the standard thermodynamic properties of the aqueous HCl molecule that is consistent with a wide array of independently determined dissociation constants of HCl and permits interpolation and extrapolation of the dissociation constant of HCl to 1000°C and 5.0 kbars.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90157-Z","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Sverjensky, D., Hemley, J., and d’Angelo, W.M., 1991, Thermodynamic assessment of hydrothermal alkali feldspar-mica-aluminosilicate equilibria: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 4, p. 989-1004, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90157-Z.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"989","endPage":"1004","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479772,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90157-z","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb26ee4b08c986b3257cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sverjensky, D.A.","contributorId":84913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sverjensky","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hemley, J.J.","contributorId":59556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemley","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"d’Angelo, W. M.","contributorId":55027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"d’Angelo","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016478,"text":"70016478 - 1991 - Geochemistry of a Tertiary sedimentary phosphate deposit: Baja California Sur, Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:38:05","indexId":"70016478","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of a Tertiary sedimentary phosphate deposit: Baja California Sur, Mexico","docAbstract":"The San Gregorio Formation in Baja California Sur, a phosphate-enriched sedimentary unit of late Oligocene to early Miocene age, has been analyzed in two areas (La Purisima and San Hilario) for its chemical composition (major oxides, Cu, Cd, Cr, Co, V, and rare-earth elements - REE) and isotopic composition (??18O and ??13C). A detrital and a marine component were determined from major oxides. The detrital component consists of an unaltered volcanic-ash fraction and a terrigenous clay-silt fraction. The marine component, which accumulated initially as biogenic and hydrogenous material, is now present as opal-A, opal-CT, CaCO3, organic matter, and an authigenic phosphate fraction, mostly pelletal and composed of the carbonate-fluorapatite mineral francolite. The minor elements have been partitioned into these components by assuming a constant composition for the two detrital fractions. The composition of the marine component of minor elements can then be interpreted by assuming that the stoichiometry of the original accumulating organic matter was equal to that of modern plankton. The Cu and Cd contents in the marine component of all rocks require that the seawater-derived fractions of these two metals were supplied to the seafloor solely by organic matter. Enrichments of Cr and V at both sites required an additional marine input. On the basis of their geochemistry in the modern ocean, Cr and V could have precipitated, or been adsorbed, onto settling particles from an O2 minimum zone in which the O2 content was low enough to promote denitrification rather than oxygen respiration. An enrichment of the REE, now within the apatite fraction, resulted from their adsorption onto particulates also in the O2 minimum zone and to the dissolution and alteration of biogenic phases (predominantly silica) within the sediment. Co and Fe2O3 show no enrichment above a detrital contribution. The ??18O-values of apatites from the La Purisima site are heavier than those of apatites from the San Hilario site, whereas the ??13C-values show the opposite trend. One possible interpretation of these variations is that ??18O reflects seawater values and ??13C sediment pore water values. This interpretation suggests that upwelling rates and primary productivity within the water column were greater at La Purisima, an interpretation that is corroborated by a greater abundance of apatite measured in outcrop at La Purisima. The Ce anomalies of the phosphate-enriched samples also differ between the two sites, indicating that they also recorded water masses, similar to the ??18O-values. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(91)90075-3","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Piper, D., 1991, Geochemistry of a Tertiary sedimentary phosphate deposit: Baja California Sur, Mexico: Chemical Geology, v. 92, no. 4, p. 283-316, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90075-3.","startPage":"283","endPage":"316","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266077,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(91)90075-3"},{"id":223224,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16eae4b0c8380cd552ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, D.Z.","contributorId":34154,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"D.Z.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016951,"text":"70016951 - 1991 - Estimates of velocity structure and source depth using multiple P waves from aftershocks of the 1987 Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-24T23:43:28.479681","indexId":"70016951","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimates of velocity structure and source depth using multiple P waves from aftershocks of the 1987 Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes","docAbstract":"

Event record sections, which are constructed by plotting seismograms from many closely spaced earthquakes recorded on a few stations, show multiple free-surface reflections (PP, PPP, PPPP) of the P wave in the Imperial Valley, California. The relative timing of these arrivals is used to estimate the strength of the P-wave velocity gradient within the upper 5 km of the sediment layer. Consistent with previous studies, a velocity model with a value of 1.8 km/sec at the surface increasing linearly to 5.8 km/sec at a depth of 5.5 km fits the data well. The relative amplitudes of the P and PP arrivals are used to estimate the source depth for the aftershock distributions of the Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills main shocks. Although the depth determination has large uncertainties, both the Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills aftershock sequences appear to have similar depth distribution in the range of 4 to 10 km.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/BSSA0810020508","usgsCitation":"Mori, J., 1991, Estimates of velocity structure and source depth using multiple P waves from aftershocks of the 1987 Elmore Ranch and Superstition Hills, California, earthquakes: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 81, no. 2, p. 508-523, https://doi.org/10.1785/BSSA0810020508.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"508","endPage":"523","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225192,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -115.37424013022881,\n 33.234666306800605\n ],\n [\n -115.37424013022881,\n 32.83924814821901\n ],\n [\n -114.875450495058,\n 32.83924814821901\n ],\n [\n -114.875450495058,\n 33.234666306800605\n ],\n [\n -115.37424013022881,\n 33.234666306800605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"81","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0af9e4b0c8380cd524e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mori, J.","contributorId":24923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mori","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016362,"text":"70016362 - 1991 - Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-29T11:14:11","indexId":"70016362","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution","docAbstract":"

Stable isotope data for dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), carbonate shell material and cements, and microbial CO2 were combined with organic and inorganic chemical data from aquifer and confining-bed pore waters to construct geochemical reaction models along a flowpath in the Black Creek aquifer of South Carolina. Carbon-isotope fractionation between DIC and precipitating cements was treated as a Rayleigh distillation process. Organic matter oxidation was coupled to microbial fermentation and sulfate reduction. All reaction models reproduced the observed chemical and isotopic compositions of final waters. However, model 1, in which all sources of carbon and electron-acceptors were assumed to be internal to the aquifer, was invalidated owing to the large ratio of fermentation CO2 to respiration CO2 predicted by the model (5–49) compared with measured ratios (two or less). In model 2, this ratio was reduced by assuming that confining beds adjacent to the aquifer act as sources of dissolved organic carbon and sulfate. This assumption was based on measured high concentrations of dissolved organic acids and sulfate in confining-bed pore waters (60–100 μM and 100–380 μM, respectively) relative to aquifer pore waters (from less than 30 μM and 2–80 μM, respectively). Sodium was chosen as the companion ion to organic-acid and sulfate transport from confining beds because it is the predominant cation in confining-bed pore waters. As a result, excessive amounts of Na-for-Ca ion exchange and calcite precipitation (three to four times more cement than observed in the aquifer) were required by model 2 to achieve mass and isotope balance of final water. For this reason, model 2 was invalidated. Agreement between model-predicted and measured amounts of carbonate cement and ratios of fermentation CO2 to respiration CO2 were obtained in a reaction model that assumed confining beds act as sources of DIC, as well as organic acids and sulfate. This assumption was supported by measured high concentrations of DIC in confining beds (2.6–2.7 mM). Results from this study show that geochemical models of confined aquifer systems must incorporate the effects of adjacent confining beds to reproduce observed groundwater chemistry accurately.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(91)90111-T","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P.B., and Chapelle, F.H., 1991, Geochemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon in a Coastal Plain aquifer. 2. Modeling carbon sources, sinks, and δ13C evolution: Journal of Hydrology, v. 127, no. 1-4, p. 109-135, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(91)90111-T.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"135","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223365,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a16f2e4b0c8380cd55313","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, Peter B. 0000-0001-7452-2379 pmcmahon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"Peter","email":"pmcmahon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":373275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016623,"text":"70016623 - 1991 - Isotopic evidence for early Proterozoic age of the Idono Complex, west-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-14T11:10:17.393629","indexId":"70016623","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic evidence for early Proterozoic age of the Idono Complex, west-central Alaska","docAbstract":"

The Idono Complex of west-central Alaska is a fault-bounded, \"\" fragment of Early Proterozoic continental crust surrounded by overlap assemblages and younger terranes accreted in Mesozoic time. It is composed of granitic to dioritic orthogneiss, amphibolite, and metasedimentary rocks. Trace element compositions of the granitoids and amphibolite suggest rock formation in a subduction-related volcanic arc terrain. Nine zircon fractions from three samples of granitoid orthogneiss define a U-Pb discordia line intersecting concordia at \"\" and \"\". The upper and lower intercepts are interpreted, respectively, as approximations of the time of granitoid crystallization and major episodic Pb-loss. The lower intercept age is similar to that indicated by some hornblende and biotite K-Ar ages. Other biotite, hornblende, and white mica K-Ar ages record later isotopic disturbance in Early Cretaceous time. Nd isotopic compositions at 2.06 Ga for tonalite orthogneiss (\"\") and amphibolite (\"\" and +2.3) indicate that Early Proterozoic crust formation in the Idono Complex involved significant additions of mantle-derived magma. These rocks yield \"\" (depleted mantle) model ages of 2.0 to 2.1 Ga, similar to the U-Pb zircon upper intercept age. Involvement of Archean crust in the formation of at least some rocks of the Idono Complex is indicated by a granitic orthogneiss (\"\"), which yields a \"\" model age of 2.5 Ga. The ~2.06-Ga age of the Idono Complex is similar to that indicated for provenance(s) of widely distributed sedimentary rocks in western North America and may represent a fragment of the North American craton displaced by northward movement of the Pacific plate. At such, rocks of the Idono Complex may provide important insights into both Early Proterozoic evolution along the craton margin, and subsequent displacements.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629485","issn":"00221376","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.L., Bradshaw, J., Kimbrough, D., Stern, T.W., and Bundtzen, T.K., 1991, Isotopic evidence for early Proterozoic age of the Idono Complex, west-central Alaska: Journal of Geology, v. 99, no. 2, p. 209-223, https://doi.org/10.1086/629485.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"223","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225066,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"99","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3faae4b0c8380cd646f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Marti L. 0000-0003-0285-4942 mlmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0285-4942","contributorId":561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Marti","email":"mlmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradshaw, J.Y.","contributorId":28374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradshaw","given":"J.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimbrough, D.L.","contributorId":25332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimbrough","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stern, T. W.","contributorId":36122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bundtzen, T. K.","contributorId":80287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bundtzen","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70016700,"text":"70016700 - 1991 - Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1988-1989","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:11:16","indexId":"70016700","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1988-1989","docAbstract":"Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 201 moderate-to-large earthquakes occurring from 1988 to 1989. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(91)90019-E","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Sipkin, S., and Needham, R., 1991, Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1988-1989: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 67, no. 3-4, p. 221-230, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(91)90019-E.","startPage":"221","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267322,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(91)90019-E"},{"id":224602,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5d45e4b0c8380cd7028d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sipkin, S.A.","contributorId":9399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sipkin","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Needham, R.E.","contributorId":73613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needham","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016662,"text":"70016662 - 1991 - Uranium and minor-element partitioning in Fe-Ti oxides and zircon from partially melted granodiorite, Crater Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-24T12:18:03","indexId":"70016662","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium and minor-element partitioning in Fe-Ti oxides and zircon from partially melted granodiorite, Crater Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"

Crystal-liquid partitioning in Fe-Ti oxides and zircon was studied in partially melted granodiorite blocks ejected during the climactic eruption of Mt. Mazama (Crater Lake), Oregon. The blocks, which contain up to 33% rhyolite glass (75 wt% SiO2), are interpreted to be portions of the magma chamber walls that were torn off during eruption. The glass is clear and well homogenized for all measured elements except Zr. Results for Fe-Ti oxides give DUoxide/liq ≈ 0.1. Partitioning of Mg, Mn, Al, Si, V, and Cr in Fe-Ti oxides indicates that grains surrounded by glass are moderately well equilibrated with the melt for many of the minor elements, while those that are inclusions in relict plagioclase are not. Uranium and ytterbium inhomogeneities in zircons indicate that the zircons have only partially equilibrated with the melt and that uranium appears to have been diffusing out of the zircons faster than the zircons were dissolving. Minimum U, Y, and P concentrations in zircons give maximum DUzrc/liq = 13,DYzrc/liq = 23, and DPzrc/liq = 1, but these are considerably lower than reported by other workers for U and Y. Based on our measurements and given their low abundances in most rocks, Fe-Ti oxides probably do not play a major role in U-Th fractionation during partial melting. The partial melts were undersaturated with zircon and apatite, but both phases are present in our samples. This demonstrates an actual case of non-equilibrium source retention of accessory phases, which in general could be an important trace-element fractionation mechanism. Our results do not support the hypothesis that liquid structure is the dominant factor controlling trace-element partitioning in high-silica rhyolites. Rough calculations based on Zr gradients in the glass indicate that the samples could have been partially molten for 800 to 8000 years.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90004-O","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Tourrette, T., Burnett, D., and Bacon, C., 1991, Uranium and minor-element partitioning in Fe-Ti oxides and zircon from partially melted granodiorite, Crater Lake, Oregon: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 2, p. 457-469, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90004-O.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"457","endPage":"469","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Crater Lake","volume":"55","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbd87e4b08c986b329096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tourrette, T.Z.L.","contributorId":66426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourrette","given":"T.Z.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, D.S.","contributorId":80426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnett","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bacon, C. R. 0000-0002-2165-5618","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2165-5618","contributorId":21522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bacon","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":374163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016678,"text":"70016678 - 1991 - Re - Os isotopic constraints on the origin of volcanic rocks, Gorgona Island, Colombia: Os isotopic evidence for ancient heterogeneities in the mantle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016678","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1336,"text":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Re - Os isotopic constraints on the origin of volcanic rocks, Gorgona Island, Colombia: Os isotopic evidence for ancient heterogeneities in the mantle","docAbstract":"The Re - Os isotopic systematics of komatiites and spatially associated basalts from Gorgona Island, Colombia, indicate that they were produced at 155??43 Ma. Subsequent episodes of volcanism produced basalts at 88.1??3.8 Ma and picritic and basaltic lavas at ca. 58 Ma. The age for the ultramafic rocks is important because it coincides with the late-Jurassic, early-Cretaceous disassembly of Pangea, when the North- and South-American plates began to pull apart. Deep-seated mantle upwelling possibly precipitated the break-up of these continental plates and caused a tear in the subducting slab west of Gorgona, providing a rare, late-Phanerozoic conduit for the komatiitic melts. Mantle sources for the komatiites were heterogeneous with respect to Os and Pb isotopic compositions, but had homogeneous Nd isotopic compositions (??Nd+9??1). Initial 187Os/186Os normalized to carbonaceous chondrites at 155 Ma (??Os) ranged from 0 to +22, and model-initial ?? values ranged from 8.17 to 8.39. The excess radiogenic Os, compared with an assumed bulk-mantle evolution similar to carbonaceous chondrites, was likely produced in portions of the mantle with long-term elevated Re concentrations. The Os, Pb and Nd isotopic compositions, together with major-element constraints, suggest that the sources of the komatiites were enriched more than 1 Ga ago by low (<20%) and variable amounts of a basalt or komatiite component. This component was added as either subducted oceanic crust or melt derived from greater depths in the mantle. These results suggest that the Re - Os isotope system may be a highly sensitive indicator of the presence of ancient subducted oceanic crust in mantle-source regions. ?? 1991 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00310704","issn":"00107999","usgsCitation":"Walker, R., Echeverria, L., Shirey, S., and Horan, M., 1991, Re - Os isotopic constraints on the origin of volcanic rocks, Gorgona Island, Colombia: Os isotopic evidence for ancient heterogeneities in the mantle: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 107, no. 2, p. 150-162, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00310704.","startPage":"150","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205598,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310704"},{"id":225071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9566e4b0c8380cd819b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, R.J.","contributorId":105859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Echeverria, L.M.","contributorId":96424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Echeverria","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shirey, S.B.","contributorId":69712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shirey","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horan, M.F.","contributorId":75282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horan","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016902,"text":"70016902 - 1991 - High-frequency spectral falloff of earthquakes, fractal dimension of complex rupture, b value, and the scaling of strength on faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-26T11:10:38.916102","indexId":"70016902","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"High-frequency spectral falloff of earthquakes, fractal dimension of complex rupture, b value, and the scaling of strength on faults","docAbstract":"

The high-frequency falloff ω−γ of earthquake displacement spectra and the b value of aftershock sequences are attributed to the character of spatially varying strength along fault zones. I assume that the high frequency energy of a main shock is produced by a self-similar distribution of subevents, where the number of subevents with radii greater than R is proportional to R−D, D being the fractal dimension. In this model, an earthquake is composed of a hierarchical set of smaller earthquakes. The static stress drop is parameterized to be proportional to Rη, and strength is assumed to be proportional to static stress drop. I find that a distribution of subevents with D = 2 and stress drop independent of seismic moment (η = 0) produces a main shock with an ω−2 falloff, if the subevent areas fill the rupture area of the main shock. By equating subevents to “islands” of high stress of a random, self-similar stress field on a fault, I relate D to the scaling of strength on a fault, such that D = 2 − η. Thus D = 2 corresponds to constant stress drop scaling (η = 0) and scale-invariant fault strength. A self-similar model of aftershock rupture zones on a fault is used to determine the relationship between the b value, the size distribution of aftershock rupture zones, and the scaling of strength on a fault. The b value for aftershock sequences on a fault is found to equal (3 − 1.5η)/(3 + η). Therefore this model indicates that the typically observed spectral falloffs of ω−2 and b values of 1 can be entirely caused by scale-invariant strength (η = 0) along fault zones.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/91JB00237","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., 1991, High-frequency spectral falloff of earthquakes, fractal dimension of complex rupture, b value, and the scaling of strength on faults: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, no. B4, p. 6291-6302, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JB00237.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"6291","endPage":"6302","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224470,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"96","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a30eae4b0c8380cd5da72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, A. 0000-0001-9119-6106","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9119-6106","contributorId":41593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014932,"text":"70014932 - 1991 - Isotopic and chemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Blackburn Hills volcanic field, western Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T15:35:10.334513","indexId":"70014932","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic and chemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Blackburn Hills volcanic field, western Alaska","docAbstract":"

The Blackburn Hills volcanic field is one of several Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary (75–50 Ma) volcanic fields in western Alaska that comprise a vast magmatic province extending from the Arctic Circle to Bristol Bay. It consists of andesite flows, rhyolite domes, a central granodiorite to quartz monzonite pluton, and small intrusive rhyolite porphyries, overlain by basalt and alkali-rhyolites. Most of the field consists of andesite flows which can be divided into two groups on the basis of elemental and isotopic composition: a group having lower (87Sr86Sr\">87Sr86Sr)i, higher (143Nd144Nd\">143Nd144Nd)i, and moderate LREE and HREE contents (group 1), and a group having higher (87Sr86Sr\">87Sr86Sr)i, lower (143Sr144Sr\">143Sr144Sr)i, and lower HREE contents. Basalts are restricted to the top of the stratigraphic section, comprise the most primitive part of group 1 [(87Sr86Sr)i= 0.7033; (143Nd144Nd)i= 0.5129]\">[(87Sr86Sr)i= 0.7033; (143Nd144Nd)i= 0.5129], and have trace-element ratios that are similar to those of oceanic island basalts (OIBs). In contrast to the basalts, group 1 andesites have higher (87Sr86Sr\">87Sr86Sr)i and lower (143Nd144Nd\">143Nd144Nd)i, and represent interaction of mantle-derived magmas with the lower crust of Koyukuk terrane. Group 2 andesites have (87Sr86Sr\">87Sr86Sr)i and (143Nd144Nd\">143Nd144Nd)i that are near bulk-earth values and probably formed by partial melting of the lower crust of Koyukuk terrane. The central pluton and rhyolite porphyries are isotopically uniform (87Sr86Sr)\">(87Sr86Sr)i ≈ 0.704, (143Nd144Nd\">143Nd144Nd)i ≈ 0.51275, and are interpreted to have formed by melting of young mafic to intermediate crustal rocks or by fractionation of group 1 andesites. The rhyolite domes have an isotopic range similar to that of the basalts and andesites [(87Sr86Sr)i= 0.70355-0.70499; (143Nd144Nd)i= 0.51263&#x2013;0.51292]\">[(87Sr86Sr)i= 0.70355-0.70499; (143Nd144Nd)i= 0.51263–0.51292], which suggests they formed by fractionation of the and site and basalt magmas. Although some workers have suggested that the volcanic field is underlain by old continental crust, none of the data require the presence of Paleozoic or Precambrian continental middle or upper crust under this part of the volcanic field. However, the ultimate source of some of the rocks in the Yukon-Koyukuk province that have high 87Sr86Sr\">87Sr86Sr and low 143Nd144Nd\">143Nd144Nd ratios may be old sub-continental mantle and/or lower crust, which was previously subducted beneath the Yukon-Koyukuk province during Early Cretaceous arc-continent collision.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(91)90073-E","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Moll-Stalcup, E.J., and Arth, J.G., 1991, Isotopic and chemical constraints on the petrogenesis of Blackburn Hills volcanic field, western Alaska: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 55, no. 12, p. 3753-3776, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(91)90073-E.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"3753","endPage":"3776","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224121,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f95e4b0c8380cd64627","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moll-Stalcup, E. J.","contributorId":26698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moll-Stalcup","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Arth, Joseph G.","contributorId":104546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arth","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}