We surveyed for Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) at five survey areas within the City of Carlsbad Preserve, Carlsbad, California, in 2025. Three flycatcher surveys were completed between May 16 and June 30, 2025. One transient flycatcher was observed at the Lake Calavera survey area in the City of Carlsbad Preserve in 2025.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1223","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Allen, L.D., and Kus, B.E., 2026, Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) surveys at the city of Carlsbad Preserve, San Diego County, California—2025 data summary: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1223,\n12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1223.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-182732","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501298,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1223/images"},{"id":501297,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1223/dr1223.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"DR 1223 XML"},{"id":501296,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1223/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"DR 1223 HTML"},{"id":501295,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1223/dr1223.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1223 PDF"},{"id":501294,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1223/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"City of Carlsbad Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.377308461014,\n 33.193661270823796\n ],\n [\n -117.377308461014,\n 33.10266370263524\n ],\n [\n -117.25583692207024,\n 33.10266370263524\n ],\n [\n -117.25583692207024,\n 33.193661270823796\n ],\n [\n -117.377308461014,\n 33.193661270823796\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
We surveyed for Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus; vireo), Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher), and Coastal California Gnatcatchers (Polioptila californica californica; gnatcatcher) at the Carbon Canyon Dam study area near Brea, California, in 2025. Four gnatcatcher and vireo surveys were completed between April 22 and June 25, 2025, and three flycatcher surveys were completed between May 15 and June 25, 2025.
We detected 14 territorial male vireos, 12 of which were paired. We also detected a transient vireo. Juvenile vireos were observed in two territories during surveys. Of the five vireo nests incidentally located during surveys, three were parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Vireos were reported in four habitat types: (1) mixed willow riparian, (2) riparian scrub, (3) upland, and (4) non-native vegetation. The dominant tree species in vireo territories was Goodding’s black willow (Salix gooddingii). Most vireo territories (12) were in habitat with greater than 50-percent native vegetation. The most common exotic species in vireo territories was poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). No flycatchers or gnatcatchers were observed during surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1221","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Howell, S.L., and Kus, B.E., 2026, Distribution and abundance of Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus), Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus), and Coastal California Gnatcatchers (Polioptila californica californica) at the Carbon Canyon Dam, Orange County, California—2025 data summary: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1221, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1221.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-183132","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1221/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1221/dr1221.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1221 PDF"},{"id":501289,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1221/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"DR 1221 HTML"},{"id":501290,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1221/dr1221.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"DR 1221 XML"},{"id":501291,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1221/images"}],"country":"Unted States","state":"California","county":"Orange County","otherGeospatial":"Carbon Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.84688454153519,\n 33.92960059426852\n ],\n [\n -117.84688454153519,\n 33.904524714665456\n ],\n [\n -117.81718931471414,\n 33.904524714665456\n ],\n [\n -117.81718931471414,\n 33.92960059426852\n ],\n [\n -117.84688454153519,\n 33.92960059426852\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and global warming. The current global methane budget has large uncertainties, and a better understanding of the budget would help to guide strategies for reducing anthropogenic emissions to fight climate change. Natural geologic methane emissions are a particularly poorly constrained source, with top-down estimates from 14C in ice cores suggesting much lower geologic emissions than bottom-up scaling of direct flux measurements. Our study aims to contribute to resolving this discrepancy through improved bottom-up characterization of geologic methane seepage in the San Juan Basin in southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico, USA. We performed 983 new flux chamber measurements in this basin during summer 2022 and winter 2023 field campaigns. Our results, in combination with prior measurements, suggest that natural seepage in the San Juan Basin only occurs on or near the Fruitland coal outcrop. Specifically, our new measurements confirm previous measurements of seepage along the northwestern exposure of the Fruitland outcrop in Colorado (a known hydrodynamic overpressure region) and for the first time, identified seepage locations along the southernmost Fruitland outcrop exposure in New Mexico, in association with a coal cleat and a fault. Overall, seepage along the Fruitland coal outcrop is heterogeneously distributed, with both positive and negative (interpreted as microbial soil sink) methane fluxes. Features that are hypothesized to be predictive of seepage (e.g., faults) were not associated with positive methane fluxes in areas outside of the Fruitland outcrop. Our best estimate for total geologic methane seepage in the San Juan Basin from spatial interpolation and statistical upscaling is approximately 0.14 Tg CH4/yr, with a range from 0.029 to 0.48 Tg CH4/yr. This best-estimate value is lower than a previous bottom-up estimate from a gridded seepage inventory, but higher than a previous top-down estimate.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","doi":"10.1525/elementa.2025.00061","usgsCitation":"Scholer, M., Hall, K.R., Weber, T.S., Buursink, M., Zhu, M., Ihle, A.C., Hencmann, D., Smith, A.M., Anthony, K.W., and Petrenko, V.V., 2026, Bottom-up characterization of geologic methane emissions in the San Juan Basin in the southwestern USA: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, v. 14, no. 1, 00061, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00061.","productDescription":"00061, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172178","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00061","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.5689454607876,\n 37.40107713040729\n ],\n [\n -108.82473788846157,\n 37.40107713040729\n ],\n [\n -108.85098927466855,\n 35.182844028063656\n ],\n [\n -106.5837118655294,\n 35.193551773194685\n ],\n [\n -106.5689454607876,\n 37.40107713040729\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholer, Margaret","contributorId":369198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scholer","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Kathleen R.","contributorId":365776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Kathleen","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, Thomas S.","contributorId":369199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":203357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Mingzhe","contributorId":365779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Mingzhe","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ihle, Alexander C.","contributorId":369200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ihle","given":"Alexander","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hencmann, Devin","contributorId":369202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hencmann","given":"Devin","affiliations":[{"id":87736,"text":"Ensolum, LLC, Durango, CO 81301","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Andrew M.","contributorId":369204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Andrew","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":87737,"text":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia, NSW 2234","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anthony, Katey W.","contributorId":369205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"Katey","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":87218,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5910","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Petrenko, Vasilii V.","contributorId":365781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrenko","given":"Vasilii","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70274581,"text":"70274581 - 2026 - Constraining source and path effects of large magnitude earthquakes using ground motion simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T17:30:17.899683","indexId":"70274581","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-19T10:24:20","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining source and path effects of large magnitude earthquakes using ground motion simulations","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study is to use ground‐motion simulations to investigate ways in which source and path effects for large‐magnitude earthquakes can be represented in nonergodic ground‐motion models (GMMs). To achieve this, we designed a ground‐motion study in the San Francisco Bay Area that includes earthquakes with a broad range of magnitudes distributed uniformly on a fault plane, and sites covering a large range of rupture distances and azimuths. After running a large suite of kinematic simulations (magnitude 4–7), we then develop a nonergodic GMM with the simulated data. We find that trends in the within‐site residuals are affected significantly by the earthquake radiation pattern, rupture directivity, and slip patterns. Next, we modify an existing rupture directivity model to fit and remove the observed radiation pattern and rupture directivity from the residuals. We also minimize the contributions of slip patterns by averaging the within‐site residuals among multiple source realizations. Finally, after removing the source effects from the within‐site residuals, we compare the path effects computed with different magnitude groups using two approaches. The first approach only considers the small events that have the same shortest path to a site as the large events, whereas the second approach considers all small events on the fault plane. The results indicate that it is difficult to satisfactorily approximate the path effects of large events with those of small events using either approach, at least in the case of simulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/0120250161","usgsCitation":"Meng, X., Graves, R., and Goulet, C.A., 2026, Constraining source and path effects of large magnitude earthquakes using ground motion simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250161.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180707","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.17098655449547,\n 39.4081868475823\n ],\n [\n -124.17098655449547,\n 36.13153010429927\n ],\n [\n -120.37323428562047,\n 36.13153010429927\n ],\n [\n -120.37323428562047,\n 39.4081868475823\n ],\n [\n -124.17098655449547,\n 39.4081868475823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meng, Xiaofeng","contributorId":350798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meng","given":"Xiaofeng","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, Robert 0000-0001-9758-453X rwgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":140738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goulet, Christine A 0000-0002-7643-357X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-357X","contributorId":336587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goulet","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70274203,"text":"ofr20261067 - 2026 - Field performance evaluation of a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T15:40:49.693596","indexId":"ofr20261067","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-19T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1067","displayTitle":"Field Performance Evaluation of a Bayluscide 20-Percent Suspension Concentrate Formulation","title":"Field performance evaluation of a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate formulation","docAbstract":"Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) is a parasitic, invasive fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Since the late 1950s, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission has implemented an integrated Sea Lamprey Control Program (SLCP) that relies on two lampricidal chemicals: 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and niclosamide. Niclosamide is applied using a bayluscide 20-percent emulsifiable concentrate; however, a solvent in this formulation, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, has been linked with worker safety concerns and has contributed to equipment degradation and clogging. To address these limitations, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with Battelle UK, developed a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate (SC) as a potential alternative formulation.
In this study, we evaluated the field performance of SC on the Indian River in Schoolcraft County, Michigan. The objective was to assess the formulation’s compatibility with SLCP application procedures and equipment, and to determine its ability to deliver precise lampricide concentrations in a timely manner. SC was found to dilute easily with stream water and readily combined with TFM. As a result, target lampricide concentrations in the stream were achieved within 1 hour of initiating delivery. Moreover, concentrations remained within 9 percent of target values, with less than 2 percent variation across the width of the stream, demonstrating consistent and uniform distribution. These findings indicate that SC can support accurate and timely lampricide applications. When considered alongside previous research highlighting its favorable selectivity for sea lamprey and improved environmental safety, the results support the pursuit of registration and adoption of SC as a new tool for controlling invasive sea lamprey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261067","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sea Lamprey Control Program","usgsCitation":"Carmosini, N., Schueller, J.R., Kirkeeng, C.A., Wood, A.M., Criger, L.A., and Luoma, J.A., 2026, Field performance evaluation of a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate formulation (ver. 1.1, March 19, 2026): U.S. Geological\nSurvey Open-File Report 2026–1067, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261067.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 9; Data Release","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-177724","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":500976,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/images/"},{"id":500975,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/ofr20261067.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1067 XML"},{"id":500973,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/ofr20261067.pdf","size":"961 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1067 PDF"},{"id":500974,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261067/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1067 HTML"},{"id":500977,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1ZIEH77","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Evaluation of bayluscide 20% suspension concentrate formulation field performance (Indian River, Schoolcraft County, MI)"},{"id":501267,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Schoolcraft County","otherGeospatial":"Indian River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.25,\n 45.98\n ],\n [\n -86.25,\n 45.97\n ],\n [\n -86.23,\n 45.97\n ],\n [\n -86.23,\n 45.98\n ],\n [\n -86.25,\n 45.98\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 17, 2026; Version 1.1: March 19, 2026","contact":"Center Director, Upper Midwest Ecological Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603
Submarine canyons are incised features of many continental margins that can have significant influence on the hydrodynamic distribution of sediments and organic matter eroded and deposited from the continents. Baltimore Canyon, on the mid-Atlantic margin of the United States, contains a complex set of sedimentary processes that simultaneously create unique benthic habitats and control the deposition of organic matter. Along the canyon axis, loci of net erosion, net deposition, and intense winnowing each host diverse faunal assemblages and varying mixtures of sedimentary organic matter derived both from production in the overlying water column and from mobilized sediments. Bioavailable components of this deposited organic matter sustain benthic communities, while recalcitrant components can contribute to long-term carbon burial in the deep sea. However, commonly employed bulk geochemical analyses provide little information about the relative bioavailability or depositional history of sedimentary organic matter. Here we employ a range of organic and isotopic analyses to explore in more detail how canyon-specific sediment dynamics determine the sorting of organic matter from shelf to open ocean. In combination with bulk geochemical characteristics, we subjected surface sediments from water depths of ∼200–1200 m in Baltimore Canyon to a sequential extraction procedure, isolating nonpolar and polar lipid classes, an acid-soluble fraction, and an acid-insoluble fraction. Each class was analyzed for carbon and nitrogen quantities and stable isotope ratios, and radiocarbon content where possible, along with compound-specific carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of individual amino acids in the acid-hydrolysed fraction. We find different organic matter sources and depositional history recorded in the properties of younger, bioavailable organic matter components (polar lipids, amino acids) in comparison to the older, more recalcitrant components (nonpolar lipids, acid-insoluble fraction). These differences in source and bioavailability of organic matter vary along the canyon, correlating with grain size and erosion/deposition dynamics, and may help shape the benthic faunal assemblages. Additionally, our results suggest that determining the relative concentrations of acid-soluble and acid-insoluble organic matter may provide an easily accessible method to improve our understanding of the nutritional quality of sediments for benthic fauna than more commonly used bulk carbon or nitrogen concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gca.2026.03.029","usgsCitation":"Close, H.G., McCarthy, M.G., and Prouty, N.G., 2026, Organic and isotopic indicators for sorting of sedimentary organic matter along a marginal submarine canyon: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 421, p. 375-390, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2026.03.029.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"390","ipdsId":"IP-176938","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Delaware, New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Baltimore Canyon, Delaware Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.60984786407985,\n 39.80856518270599\n ],\n [\n -75.60984786407985,\n 38.71634988341253\n ],\n [\n -74.76509645676569,\n 38.71634988341253\n ],\n [\n -74.76509645676569,\n 39.80856518270599\n ],\n [\n -75.60984786407985,\n 39.80856518270599\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"421","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Close, Hilary G.","contributorId":199931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Close","given":"Hilary","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":961144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCarthy, Matthew G.","contributorId":371167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":17620,"text":"UCSC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prouty, Nancy G. 0000-0002-8922-0688 nprouty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-0688","contributorId":3350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prouty","given":"Nancy","email":"nprouty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70276384,"text":"70276384 - 2026 - Multi-objective optimization of a hydro-economic model in an over-allocated agricultural basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-03T14:06:16.933806","indexId":"70276384","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-19T08:55:47","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-objective optimization of a hydro-economic model in an over-allocated agricultural basin","docAbstract":"Groundwater depletion for agricultural irrigation poses significant environmental and economic challenges. This study introduces a proof-of-concept that combines hydro-economic modeling, scenario-based modeling, and multi-objective optimization to manage pumping curtailment in an over-allocated basin in the western United States. Three optimization scenarios were evaluated, each offering different degrees of management flexibility. Results reveal that scenarios with finer spatial resolution achieved greater environmental benefits per unit profit loss. Additionally, strategies allowing fractional reductions in curtailed wells–rather than complete shutdowns based on water rights seniority–substantially improved efficiency, highlighting the value of increased decision-making flexibility. Although scenario testing can aid stakeholder engagement and strategy exploration, multi-objective optimization provides a systematic framework to quantify tradeoffs between competing objectives. This combined approach demonstrates promise for building consensus and supporting the design of sustainable water management strategies that balance agricultural livelihoods with ecosystem preservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70051","usgsCitation":"Markovich, K.H., Fienen, M., Corson-Dosch, N., Cecile Coulon, White, J., and Gingerich, S., 2026, Multi-objective optimization of a hydro-economic model in an over-allocated agricultural basin: Groundwater, v. 64, no. 3, p. 278-294, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70051.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"278","endPage":"294","ipdsId":"IP-177124","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505049,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70051","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504958,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Harney Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.66994789891172,\n 44.30821146835248\n ],\n [\n -117.67673039786303,\n 44.30821146835248\n ],\n [\n -117.67673039786303,\n 42.24886285412916\n ],\n [\n -119.66994789891172,\n 42.24886285412916\n ],\n [\n -119.66994789891172,\n 44.30821146835248\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markovich, Katherine H. 0000-0002-4455-8255","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4455-8255","contributorId":221065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markovich","given":"Katherine","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":245632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Corson-Dosch, Nicholas 0000-0002-6776-6241","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6776-6241","contributorId":202630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corson-Dosch","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cecile Coulon 0000-0001-9722-9976","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9722-9976","contributorId":371714,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cecile Coulon","affiliations":[{"id":49206,"text":"INTERA Incorporated","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Jeremy T. 0000-0002-4950-1469","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4950-1469","contributorId":248830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","affiliations":[{"id":50032,"text":"GNS New Zealand","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gingerich, Stephen 0000-0002-4381-0746 sbginger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4381-0746","contributorId":220301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gingerich","given":"Stephen","email":"sbginger@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70275342,"text":"70275342 - 2026 - Evaluating the use of uncrewed surface vessels to enhance Lake Erie acoustic prey-fish surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-30T15:24:12.931965","indexId":"70275342","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-19T08:15:31","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1661,"text":"Fisheries Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating the use of uncrewed surface vessels to enhance Lake Erie acoustic prey-fish surveys","docAbstract":"Incorporation of autonomous uncrewed surface vessels (USVs) into large-scale acoustic surveys may enhance spatiotemporal extent and quality of fish density estimates. Lake Erie is currently surveyed by three motorized research vessels (RVs), which annually collect acoustic data and estimate prey-fish abundances. To evaluate the feasibility of incorporating a USV into the existing survey to increase spatial coverage, we compared paired acoustic measurements of target strength (TS), area backscattering coefficient (ABC), and areal fish density from four motorized RVs (three currently and one historically used) and one USV (Saildrone Explorer). Acoustic data were collected along 2-km transects during five sampling events distributed throughout Lake Erie. Despite observing event-specific differences that were likely impacted by sampling conditions, survey-level estimates of areal density between RVs and the USV were comparable (i.e., RV 6% lower than USV). RVs and the USV appear to react differently (speed and stability) to variable environmental conditions (wind and waves), which impacted data quality and must be mitigated in future applications. However, similar to previous comparisons in marine and freshwater environments, incorporating a USV into an acoustic survey could enhance annual fish density estimates by increasing effort, spatial coverage, logistical flexibility, and biological data collection opportunities from RVs.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.fishres.2026.107713","usgsCitation":"Dufour, M.R., Evans, T.M., Rudstam, L.G., Sethi, S.A., Holden, J.P., Luken, H., Jenkins, P., Yule, D.L., Warner, D.M., Farha, S.A., O’Brien, T.P., Barnard, A.R., Senczyszyn, S.A., Blair, H.B., Watkins, J.M., Roberts, J.J., and Esselman, P., 2026, Evaluating the use of uncrewed surface vessels to enhance Lake Erie acoustic prey-fish surveys: Fisheries Research, v. 297, 107713, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2026.107713.","productDescription":"107713, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177347","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2026.107713","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503681,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.4676150747568,\n 42.23283716117339\n ],\n [\n -83.61582486899158,\n 41.52154079548808\n ],\n [\n -82.7453839061688,\n 41.20430162768652\n ],\n [\n -81.70129442632188,\n 41.30661603859093\n ],\n [\n -78.85018091377354,\n 42.478071864454165\n ],\n [\n -78.69091282155563,\n 43.101904050498916\n ],\n [\n -80.37852568570459,\n 42.88614143726041\n ],\n [\n -81.1464186382371,\n 42.857333145573094\n ],\n [\n -82.23697814616372,\n 42.37061776313883\n ],\n [\n -83.4676150747568,\n 42.23283716117339\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"297","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dufour, Mark Richard 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prairies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-09T15:06:02.040577","indexId":"70276538","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-19T07:59:39","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17053,"text":"Wildlife Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape composition and proximity to water affect American badger occupancy in shortgrass prairies","docAbstract":"Land use change in prairie ecosystems is pervasive. Prairie obligate species may be affected by these changes, though many carnivore-specific examples are unknown. We used 3 years (2018–2020) of camera-trap (n = 381) data from Kansas, USA, to assess multiscale effects of landscape composition on habitat use by American badgers (badger, Taxidea taxus). We predicted that site occupancy and colonization would be positively associated with the amount of prairie surrounding sites. We also predicted that site occupancy and colonization would be negatively related to amounts of agriculture and the number of wind towers surrounding sites. Badgers were insensitive to amounts of prairie surrounding sites and likely to occupy and colonize sites surrounded by row-crop agriculture. Badgers were also less likely to occupy sites farther from permanent water. Badgers may be exploiting agricultural areas because of increased prey densities or suitable burrowing substrates. Moreover, our study highlights the importance of water resources to badgers in arid regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/wll2.70032","usgsCitation":"Piper, C.W., Werdel, T.J., Peek, M.S., Ricketts, A.M., Sullins, D.S., and Ahlers, A.A., 2026, Landscape composition and proximity to water affect American badger occupancy in shortgrass prairies: Wildlife Letters, v. 4, no. 1, p. 23-31, https://doi.org/10.1002/wll2.70032.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-181098","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505232,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas","otherGeospatial":"western Kansas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.05382644882415,\n 40.08500293646597\n ],\n [\n -99.21851561946922,\n 40.108483299721826\n ],\n [\n -99.23568068811487,\n 36.99811141637585\n ],\n [\n -101.95235626939443,\n 36.97390413075543\n ],\n [\n -102.05382644882415,\n 40.08500293646597\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, Colleen W.","contributorId":371973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Piper","given":"Colleen","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Werdel, Ty J.","contributorId":371974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Werdel","given":"Ty","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":81167,"text":"Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peek, Matt S.","contributorId":371975,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peek","given":"Matt","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ricketts, Andrew M.","contributorId":371976,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ricketts","given":"Andrew","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sullins, Daniel Shelby 0000-0002-9936-5493","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-5493","contributorId":371977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullins","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"Shelby","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ahlers, Adam A.","contributorId":371978,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahlers","given":"Adam","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":12661,"text":"Kansas State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70275328,"text":"70275328 - 2026 - Retrospective stepwise prioritization of chemicals detected in Great Lakes tributaries (2008–2018)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-29T14:41:37.77612","indexId":"70275328","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-19T07:31:17","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Retrospective stepwise prioritization of chemicals detected in Great Lakes tributaries (2008–2018)","docAbstract":"Through the U.S. Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, a 10-year, multiagency chemical monitoring effort was undertaken across the Great Lakes. In this effort, 586 chemicals were monitored and 334 were detected in grab/composite water samples. To help inform potential future actions, a stepwise prioritization framework was used to identify compounds for which publicly accessible water quality guidelines or effects information suggested there was potential aquatic ecotoxicity. Because water quality guidelines were only available for some chemicals, this framework used apical toxicity data collated from publicly accessible databases (e.g., the ECOTOXicology Knowledgebase) and alternative data, including literature-derived non-apical effect concentrations, in vitro bioactivities from high-throughput screening, and modeled ecotoxicity. To account for the diverse levels of confidence in these data, chemicals were prioritized within specific action categories, which suggested potential management or experimental activities that may be considered based on the types of data available for each compound. Overall, 11 detected chemicals were identified as high priority in different action categories. This included four chemicals prioritized for environmental management or targeted risk assessment, three chemicals prioritized for effects-based monitoring, one chemical prioritized for apical effects assessment, and three chemicals targeted for non-apical effects evaluation. This framework also identified 164 low-priority chemicals, among which more than 50% were prioritized based on water quality guidelines or apical effect concentrations (thus could be considered low priority for future risk assessment or management activities). Results aim to help regulatory agencies, environmental managers, and other stakeholders focus available resources on carrying out monitoring, experimental, and risk assessments for the chemicals that display the greatest potential to adversely impact Great Lakes ecosystems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/etojnl/vgaf069","usgsCitation":"Maloney, E.M., Corsi, S., Pronschinske, M.A., DeCicco, L.A., Frisch, J.R., Fuller, N., Baldwin, A.K., Kimbrough, K., Edwards, M., Hummel, S.L., Vinas, N.G., and Villeneuve, D.L., 2026, Retrospective stepwise prioritization of chemicals detected in Great Lakes tributaries (2008–2018): Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 44, no. 7, p. 2048-2069, https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf069.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"2048","endPage":"2069","ipdsId":"IP-167131","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503779,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/etojnl/vgaf069","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United 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The model provides a regionally consistent, geographic information system (GIS)-ready representation of Phanerozoic sedimentary strata, major fault systems, and Precambrian basement geometry across two sedimentary basins and adjacent uplifts. More than 300,000 geologic and geophysical data inputs were synthesized to model 41 stratigraphic horizons and 47 faults, yielding an internally coherent, sealed-volume interpretation of the subsurface. The modeling workflow developed for this study demonstrates an efficient and scalable approach for constructing basin-to regional-scale GFMs in geologically complex and data-variable settings. Although model fidelity varies with data density and quality, the resulting geometry is broadly consistent with 1:500,000-scale geologic mapping and highlights areas where additional geologic study is most needed. The three-dimensional GFM provides a foundational framework to support groundwater, energy, and mineral resource assessments, and offers a transferable methodology for potential future U.S. Geological Survey efforts to build large-area subsurface models in underexplored regions of the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265127","programNote":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","usgsCitation":"Spangler, L.R., 2026, A three-dimensional geologic framework model of the northern Great Plains region of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5127, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265127.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; 7 Plates: 40.15 x 40.82 inches: 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-169097","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501224,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5127/sir20265127_plate05.pdf","text":"Plate 5","size":"4.45 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5127 Plate 5","linkHelpText":"Elevation from Sea Level for 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Box 25046, MS-980
Denver, CO 80225-0046
This report presents a new three-dimensional map of underground rock layers and faults in the northern Great Plains, covering parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. The model was built from thousands of data points collected from wells, maps, and geophysical surveys. It shows the shape, depth, and thickness of multiple rock layers—many of which are important for water, energy, and mineral resources. The map helps scientists, land managers, and decisionmakers better understand the region’s subsurface geology. This work also shows that reliable geologic models can be made even in areas with limited data, using a repeatable method that can be applied in other underexplored areas.
","publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spangler, Leland R. 0000-0002-2223-7047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2223-7047","contributorId":295310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Leland","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70274325,"text":"70274325 - 2026 - Deep critical zone controls on shallow landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-26T19:40:22.332984","indexId":"70274325","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T12:36:18","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep critical zone controls on shallow landslides","docAbstract":"The deep critical zone (CZ) has long been recognized for its importance in influencing shallow landslides but was not considered feasible to include in slope stability models at the watershed scale. In this study, we demonstrate that simple approximations of the CZ in a fully coupled hydrologic and soil slope stability model can effectively capture the location, timing, and likely size of shallow landslides. To achieve this, we use coupled, process-based models that incorporate the effects of 1) deep CZ structures, 2) three-dimensional transient hydrology, and 3) multidimensional slope stability, calibrated with data from an intensively monitored field site. Our results show that the hydrologically active deep CZ guides groundwater flow, influencing where it drains from or exfiltrates to the soil mantle, producing distinct patterns of soil saturation and seepage forces at the soil-bedrock boundary. Deep conductive weathered critical zone drains the soil mantle, reducing the likelihood of destabilizing pore pressures, while the downslope thinning of the CZ forces groundwater to the surface. This creates localized instability and a tendency for similar-sized landslides across the landscape. In contrast, the absence of conductive weathered bedrock results in more widespread destabilizing pore pressures, leading to larger landslides and the likelihood of landslides earlier in a storm than in landscapes underlain by a deep CZ. Our findings suggest that first-order variations of deep CZ can provide physical explanations for variations observed in the susceptibility, magnitude, and timing of shallow landslides, and that CZ structure may be inferred from patterns and timing of landsliding.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2524542123","usgsCitation":"Moon, S., Formetta, G., Higa, J.T., Busti, R., Bellugi, D.G., Milledge, D.G., Ebel, B., and Dietrich, W.E., 2026, Deep critical zone controls on shallow landslides: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 123, no. 12, e2524542123, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524542123.","productDescription":"e2524542123, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159353","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524542123","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moon, Seulgi 0000-0001-5207-1781","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-1781","contributorId":264625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"Seulgi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Formetta, Giuseppe 0000-0002-0252-1462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-1462","contributorId":210296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Formetta","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38100,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higa, Justin T.","contributorId":367913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higa","given":"Justin","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busti, Riccardo","contributorId":367914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Busti","given":"Riccardo","affiliations":[{"id":25322,"text":"University of Trento","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bellugi, Dino G.","contributorId":367915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellugi","given":"Dino","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milledge, David G.","contributorId":367916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milledge","given":"David","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":33636,"text":"Newcastle University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":211845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dietrich, William E.","contributorId":367923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"William","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70274194,"text":"sir20265143 - 2026 - Urban stormwater treatment using biofiltration—Variable performance across solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T13:54:51.847251","indexId":"sir20265143","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T12:21:23","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5143","displayTitle":"Urban Stormwater Treatment Using Biofiltration—Variable Performance Across Solids, Nutrients, Major Ions, and Metals","title":"Urban stormwater treatment using biofiltration—Variable performance across solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals","docAbstract":"Urban runoff from streets and parking lots carries pollutants that degrade receiving waters. Green infrastructure, such as biofilters, is increasingly used to treat this runoff by mimicking natural hydrologic processes. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District, evaluated a biofilter receiving roadway runoff from an industrial area in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, over a 3-year period (2022–24). Paired inlet and outlet samples were analyzed for changes in runoff volume, peak discharge, and concentrations of solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals. The biofilter reduced runoff volume by 86 percent and peak discharge by 92 percent, with substantial reductions in total suspended solids (99 percent), total phosphorus (86 percent), and particulate metals (greater than 80 percent for most analytes). However, dissolved constituents showed variable performance; dissolved phosphorus and several metals exhibited net export, likely influenced by media composition, redox conditions, and winter road salt inputs. Sodium export, despite stable chloride loads, suggests cation exchange and seasonal release dynamics. These findings highlight limitations of conventional biofilter designs for dissolved pollutants and underscore the need for improved media, vegetation management, and consideration of winter deicing practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., and Romano, J., 2026, Urban stormwater treatment using biofiltration—Variable performance across solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5143, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265143.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-179736","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/sir20265143.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5143"},{"id":500781,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/sir20265143.XML"},{"id":500782,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/images/"},{"id":500783,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265143/full"},{"id":500784,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13E8BMK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water quality concentration and load data for a biofilter at Green Tech Station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 2022–24"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Milwaukee","otherGeospatial":"Green Tech Station stormwater plaza","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.95385389802549,\n 43.092593420276046\n ],\n [\n -87.95385389802549,\n 43.09035056067961\n ],\n [\n -87.9520609229932,\n 43.09035056067961\n ],\n [\n -87.9520609229932,\n 43.092593420276046\n ],\n [\n -87.95385389802549,\n 43.092593420276046\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
Urban stormwater runoff can carry sediment, nutrients, salts, and metals into nearby rivers and lakes, contributing to flooding and water-quality problems. To reduce these impacts, communities are increasingly using shallow, planted systems called biofilters to capture and soak up runoff. This study evaluates how well a biofilter in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, performed over three years and what its results mean for managing stormwater in urban areas.
The biofilter was highly effective at managing stormwater volume and flow. On average, it reduced the amount of runoff leaving the site by 86 percent and reduced peak flow rates by 92 percent. These reductions help lower the risk of flooding downstream, especially during heavy rain.
The biofilter also worked very well at removing pollutants attached to soil and debris. Nearly all suspended sediment was removed, and total phosphorus was reduced by more than 80 percent. Most metals attached to sediment, such as lead and copper, were also greatly reduced. These results show that biofilters are reliable tools for controlling particulate forms of pollutants from roads, even when sediment loads are high.
However, the biofilter was less effective at treating dissolved phase pollutants. For example, dissolved phosphorus and several dissolved metals, including iron and manganese, were often higher in water leaving the biofilter than in water entering it. Sodium, a major component of road salt, was also released from the system at times. Export of dissolved phase pollutants from the biofilter likely reflects interactions between runoff, organic material in the soil, and winter deicing practices. Improving soil mixtures, managing vegetation, and reducing salt inputs may help biofilters better protect urban water quality in the future.
","publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romano, James 0000-0002-1885-2178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-2178","contributorId":366936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70274237,"text":"sir20265131 - 2026 - Investigation of fish communities in natural channel sections of the Mohawk River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-12T13:27:53.104614","indexId":"sir20265131","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T11:18:07","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5131","displayTitle":"Investigation of Fish Communities in Natural Channel Sections of the Mohawk River, New York","title":"Investigation of fish communities in natural channel sections of the Mohawk River, New York","docAbstract":"Little is known about the natural resources in the natural channel sections of the Mohawk River between Rome and Frankfort, New York, where the river channel runs separately from and parallel to the Erie Canal. This river section runs through multiple locations that are listed as active remediation sites under New York’s Inactive Hazardous Waste Disposal Site Program and has negligible public or commercial access. As a result, there is minimal recreational usage of this river section, and efforts to conduct biological sampling have been limited. To better understand the composition of fish communities and contaminant concentrations in the natural channel of the Mohawk River, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, sampled resident fish in the 34-kilometer section from the mouth of Oriskany Creek downstream to Frankfort. Fish communities were sampled using boat electrofishing during 2021, 2023, and 2024 across multiple reaches within this section. These data were used to estimate species richness (number of species), relative abundance and biomass (catch rates), population size structure (distribution of lengths), and fish condition (a proxy for health). Some gamefish specimens were also analyzed to determine contaminant concentrations in fish tissue.
A total of 1,531 individual fish and 38 fish species were captured across all surveys. Seventeen of the 38 (45 percent) species were classified as native to the Mohawk River watershed, whereas 21 of the 38 (55 percent) species were classified as nonnative. Some popular gamefish species such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) were abundant in most reaches, whereas others such as walleye (Sander vitreus) and northern pike (Esox lucius) were found sporadically. Only one round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) was captured, indicating that this high-profile invasive species remains uncommon in this habitat. A backwater reach had the greatest relative abundance and condition of many species. This indicates connected lentic habitats such as oxbows and backwaters may be important nursery and refuge areas in the aquatic ecosystem.
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in fish tissue were highly elevated relative to the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) fish consumption “don’t eat” advisory guideline. Some specimens exceeded the guideline by an order of magnitude or more, particularly those from a localized area downstream from the Utica Harbor Dam. Concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) often approached the NYSDOH “don’t eat” consumption guideline but only one sample exceeded the guideline. Concentrations of other contaminants such as mercury and pesticides were consistently measured at less than the “don’t eat” consumption guidelines. These data indicate PCBs remain the primary contaminant of concern in the natural channel of the Mohawk River and are readily bioaccumulating in aquatic organisms despite prior remediation measures. Taken together, the findings in this report are intended to inform future decisions related to fisheries management, public access, recreational usage, and fish consumption advisories.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265131","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"George, S.D., Sadekoski, T.R., Darling, M.J., Baldigo, B.P., Wells, S.M., Erway, D.B., Conine, A.L., Becker, J.C., and Dieterle, K.J., 2026, Investigation of fish communities in natural channel sections of the Mohawk River, New York:\nU.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5131, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265131.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 20 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-177241","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501250,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5131/sir20265131.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5131"},{"id":501249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5131/coverthb.jpg","linkHelpText":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/manager/#links-pane"},{"id":501252,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5131/sir20265131.XML","description":"SIR 2026-5131 XML"},{"id":501253,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5131/images"},{"id":501254,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13JVPW7","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Fish Community Data from Natural Channel Sections of the Mohawk River, NY (ver. 1.1, January 2026)"},{"id":501404,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119322.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502179,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265131/full","text":"HTML Document","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5131 HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Mohawk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.00127321730884,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -75.00127321730884,\n 43.1667\n ],\n [\n -75.333,\n 43.1667\n ],\n [\n -75.333,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -75.00127321730884,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Collaborative governance structures (CGS) have been increasingly adopted to address joint-jurisdictional management challenges. While the establishment of CGSs has been widely studied, their practical development has remained a conspicuous gap. CGSs are variable systems with several developmental stages (activation, collectivity, and institutionalization) which eventually lead to stabilization, decline, re-creation, or re-orientation. CGSs in decline may need to revisit earlier developmental stages if members choose to re-create or re-orient the structure. The Atlantic Salmon Recovery Framework (ASRF) was the CGS responsible for managing the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) from 2011 until 2019 when it was replaced by the Collaborative Management Strategy (CMS) pilot program. The CMS was designed to address concerns identified in the ASRF; 1. slow and ineffective decision-making, 2. confusion surrounding leadership, and 3. low adaptive capacity. Building upon a previous evaluation of the ASRF, we used a parallel design to compare the structural components and participant perceptions of the two structures using a comparative case study methodology. The changes that occurred between the ASRF and the CMS constitute a re-creation, providing a unique opportunity to study this developmental phase of a CGS. The issues observed in the CMS may result from a misalignment between participant expectations and the current developmental stage of the re-created CGS. The CMS reorganized ASRF members and created roles for participants without direct management jurisdiction. The implementation of the CMS addressed many concerns identified in the ASRF while others remained (i.e., high membership uncertainty and confusion surrounding decision-making procedures). Formal leadership roles have created more equal representation, but participants still reported uncertainty regarding status and formalization of non-leadership roles.
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Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":958581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70274594,"text":"70274594 - 2026 - Behavioral shifts mask the success of legislation and outreach for endangered species recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T17:06:24.458043","indexId":"70274594","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T09:53:12","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral shifts mask the success of legislation and outreach for endangered species recovery","docAbstract":"A fundamental challenge in conservation is assessing the efficacy of recovery actions to optimize endangered species management. Considerable recent attention has focused on effective measures to counter the endangerment of avian scavengers, which have declined worldwide, primarily due to poisoning. One iconic example is efforts to recover the critically endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus), whose leading cause of death is poisoning from ingesting lead-based ammunition in carcasses. Despite enormous resources expended in California, USA, including implementation of public outreach campaigns and two legislative bans on lead ammunition, lead-related mortality of condors has increased. Here we show that two types of behavioral shifts explain the observed increases in condor lead exposure: wilder foraging and ranging by condors and increased shooting of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) by humans. After accounting for these trends, we show that both lead ammunition bans and public outreach efforts have significantly reduced condor blood lead levels in California, lowering mortality. Our analyses uncover a dynamic in which changing ecological conditions mask the true efficacy of legislation and outreach. Given rapid global change, such dynamics are likely operating in many settings, underscoring the importance of comprehensive evaluations of recovery actions, which can be obscured by shifting behaviors and threats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69617-4","usgsCitation":"Bakker, V.J., Doak, D.F., Welch, A., Burnett, L., Porras Peña, M.C., Brandt, J., Poessel, S.A., Kirkland, S., Wolstenholme, R., Ryan, D., Stake, M., Punzalan, A., Vilchis, N., Braham, M.A., and Finkelstein, M.E., 2026, Behavioral shifts mask the success of legislation and outreach for endangered species recovery: Nature Communications, no. 17, 1819, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69617-4.","productDescription":"1819, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179032","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69617-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Baja California, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.76371371072838,\n 37.61228020369509\n ],\n [\n -117.05805204693235,\n 29.393821450671695\n ],\n [\n -113.48068213234063,\n 29.521683607477\n ],\n [\n -115.99645808970025,\n 34.83642347081334\n ],\n [\n -119.05465886480684,\n 38.10068387191136\n ],\n [\n -122.76371371072838,\n 37.61228020369509\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, Victoria J.","contributorId":369092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bakker","given":"Victoria","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":369093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welch, Alacia","contributorId":206083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welch","given":"Alacia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37236,"text":"Pinnacles National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnett, L. 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While traditional metrics like air temperature (Tair) and satellite-derived surface temperature dominate urban heat studies, these measures often fail to reflect how people actually experience thermal exposure intensity. More human-oriented metrics, such as mean radiant temperature (MRT), and the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), better capture this lived experience, particularly at locations where people are likely to encounter outdoor heat, such as bus stops. Human demographics further complicate heat exposure, as access to cooling resources like trees and greenspaces can vary by neighborhood income. Our study addresses these complications by collecting thermal data across 60 commuting locations in Denver, Colorado in the summer. We evaluate (1) the extent to which more human-oriented metrics capture thermal exposure compared to Tair and LST, and (2) how heat exposure varies by neighborhood income levels. We observed that bus stops in low-income neighborhoods had an MRT increase 2.8 °C compared wealthier neighborhoods, and that income-driven differences in MRT and WBGT strongly depended on bus stop aspect. After accounting for solar orientation, differences in MRT increased to as much as 6.3 °C at north-facing stops. Our results suggest tree canopy shade explains some observed heat exposure patterns, with south facing bus stops seeing a MRT and WBGT decrease of 0.42 °C and 0.11 °C from a percent increase in tree canopy. Interestingly, depending on bus stop aspect, nearby buildings can increase MRT and WBGT (facing east), or decrease MRT and WBGT (facing south) If planners aim to address this issue, consideration of bus stops, and land covers configuration may help.
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These pressures are especially acute in arid and semi-arid regions, where eco-hydrologic connectivity is fragile and recovery is slow. This study quantifies the efficacy of nature-based solutions, particularly the ‘Zeedyk approach,’ which employs low-tech Natural Infrastructure in Dryland Streams (NIDS)—including rock detention structures—to slow surface water, raise groundwater tables, and restore wetland function at a spring-fed wetland in Cebolla Canyon, New Mexico, U.S.A. Our results depict a Restoration Feedback Loop that captures stages of change from a healthy wetland in 1935, altered by 20th-century agriculture and grazing, to the re-establishment of the historical flow regime by 2024 documented through an 89-year archive of aerial imagery (1935–2024). By the end of our study period, the Spring-Fed Wetland had expanded by roughly 229% of the original 1935 area, to 4.13 ha. Using 40 years of satellite data, we assess changes in vegetation and hydrology with remote sensing indices. Spatial and temporal analyses reveal significant increases in vegetation greenness and wetness, particularly in an Expanded Wetland subregion, which exhibited ∼3.5x higher wetness and ∼1.5x higher greenness trends compared to adjacent areas. Monthly metrics highlight seasonal variability, with increases in greenness linked to monsoonal rainfall and lateral water redistribution, indicating that restoration impacts extend beyond the primary wetland. This study demonstrates the utility of cloud-based platforms like Google Earth Engine and USGS EarthExplorer for long-term monitoring of wetland restoration, while quantifying the efficacy of the ‘Zeedyk approach’ and demonstrating its potential as a scalable method to restore and conserve wetland meadows in other arid and semi-arid landscapes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101964","usgsCitation":"Petrakis, R.E., Norman, L., McGraw, M., Carson, S., Sponholtz, C., Weber, C., and Zeedyk, B.D., 2026, Regreening, restoring, and reconnecting a southwestern wetland ecosystem – the Zeedyk wetland: Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, v. 42, 101964, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101964.","productDescription":"101964, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-181171","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101964","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Cebolla Creek Restoration Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.02529096003872,\n 35.144508927313936\n ],\n [\n -108.02529096003872,\n 34.9960395169455\n ],\n [\n -107.84876055969504,\n 34.9960395169455\n ],\n [\n -107.84876055969504,\n 35.144508927313936\n ],\n [\n -108.02529096003872,\n 35.144508927313936\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E. 0000-0001-8932-077X rpetrakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-077X","contributorId":174623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy","email":"rpetrakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":203300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGraw, Maryann","contributorId":367703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGraw","given":"Maryann","affiliations":[{"id":87604,"text":"New Mexico Environment Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carson, Steve","contributorId":367704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carson","given":"Steve","affiliations":[{"id":87605,"text":"Rangeland Hands, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sponholtz, Craig","contributorId":367705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sponholtz","given":"Craig","affiliations":[{"id":87606,"text":"Watershed Artisans, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weber, Cameron","contributorId":367706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Cameron","affiliations":[{"id":87607,"text":"Rio Grande Return","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zeedyk, Bill D.","contributorId":367707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeedyk","given":"Bill","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":87608,"text":"Zeedyk Ecological Consulting, LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70262911,"text":"70262911 - 2026 - Advancing compound coastal flood modeling on aouthern O’ahu, Hawai’i: A hybrid stochastic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T15:45:42.25143","indexId":"70262911","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-17T10:35:11","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advancing compound coastal flood modeling on aouthern O’ahu, Hawai’i: A hybrid stochastic approach","docAbstract":"Sea-level rise and changing patterns of storminess associated with climate change are expected to increase the frequency and severity of compound coastal flooding events, posing significant challenges to coastal communities in enhancing preparedness and adaptation strategies. 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Effective strategies for beneficial use of dredged sediment, however, rely on understanding of local sediment transport. A beach nourishment project utilizing dredged sand was carried out at a highly energetic beach north of the Columbia River mouth (Washington, USA). Within two weeks of placement, during a moderately energetic period, a large part of the beach nourishment had eroded. To predict local hydro- and morphodynamics there, a XBeach model was used, validated with field observations of nearshore hydrodynamics and morphology. It showed that while the subaerial nourishment eroded rapidly, it is likely that the sediment is deposited around the inner bar and is still available to the morphological system of Benson Beach. Additionally, model simulations suggest the nourishment provided a buffer against erosion of the local dune system during its presence.
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The general trend in tropical peatland burning follows changes in global temperature, and climate variables that control the length and severity of drought events have a notable influence on peat burning before 1900 ce. During the 20th century, regional differences were observed, with declining fire trends in the Neotropical and Afrotropical regions and increasing fire trends in the Indomalayan and Australasian regions. This difference is likely attributable to human activities, and such intervention is also evident in palm swamps and hardwood swamps under similar wet, weakly seasonal climates. With the increase in anthropogenic pressures on peatlands and greater climate variability, future wildfires in peatlands are likely to become more frequent and widespread across all tropical ecoregions. Conservation and sustainable land-use practices could be used to mitigate and control peatland burning and protect these carbon-rich sinks.
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poorly understood. Herein, we report on 50 years of studies at a slowly spreading castellate ridge in the Sawatch Range in central Colorado. The orientations of geomorphic-structural features indicate that the fractured Precambrian granitic rock underlying the ridge has extended and spread northwestward toward the formerly glacier-covered Busk Creek valley. Results from surveying, field-based geomorphic-structural mapping using lidar, rock mass quality measurements, a passive seismic survey, and satellite radar provide a major update to research started by U.S. Geological Survey researchers in the 1970s and 1980s. New insights include a recognition that the entire ridge has slowly moved by concurrent sliding along an inferred northwest dipping, compound basal-slip surface (or zone), and through the formation of multiple grabens by normal faulting and flexural toppling along sets of pre-existing fractures that dip moderately (∼45°) to the southeast. We were unable to distinguish the presence of a sudden and strong contrast in seismic velocity across the inferred slip surface. Movement during the 50-year study period has been episodic and gradually decreasing, in correspondence with decreasing cumulative annual precipitation and increasing mean annual air temperatures. The fastest moving area, just upslope from the glacier trimline, had an average horizontal velocity of 3–4 mm/yr. Evidence suggests that movement started as a paraglacial response mechanism, but because of the site’s proximity to the Rio Grande Rift, we cannot exclude earthquake shaking as a mechanism for initiation or enhancement of slope movement. An estimate of longer-term horizontal movement from the exposed basal-slip surface at the uphill side of the ridgetop graben is ∼1.1 mm/yr for the 13–14 ky post-glacial period.
Broad implications of our work are that: (1) long-term measurements (decades or longer) of slope movement can add insights into how sackungen form and evolve through time; (2) the identification of thrust faults and toes in zones of compression near valley bottoms can be crucial for interpreting sackung failure mechanisms, and (3) the use of passive-seismic techniques to identify the depth to a slip surface may not be successful in granitic terrain dominated by planar fractures and subtle changes in rock-mass characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108666","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., Avdievitch, N.N., Allstadt, K.E., Collins, E.A., Jensen, E.K., Hoch, O.J., Schaefer, L.N., Ruleman, C.A., Godt, J.W., and Matthews, V., 2026, Sackung at Bald Eagle ridge, central Colorado: An updated interpretation of ridge-spreading movement, structures, and mechanisms from 50 years (1975–2025) of U.S. Geological Survey research: Engineering Geology, v. 366, 108666, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108666.","productDescription":"108666, 32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156535","costCenters":[{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108666","text":"Publisher Index 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interface","docAbstract":"Saltwater is migrating into freshwater aquifers globally with water quality and biogeochemical implications, yet saltwater intrusion in glaciated regions is sparsely investigated. Field observations suggest that groundwater head in glaciated systems is influenced by ice sheet forcings and provides evidence that seawater infiltrated into offshore aquifers during past deglaciation events. To understand links between ice sheet dynamics, groundwater head, and saltwater intrusion, we use numerical models to explore the effects of deglaciation on nearshore head and salinity distributions. We find that ice sheet thinning diminishes groundwater head, and the resulting shift in subsurface pressure gradients drives rapid landward movement of the subsurface freshwater-saltwater interface up to 4.0 km or 1.3 m per m ice sheet loss. Results highlight an overlooked saltwater intrusion mechanism that aligns with field observations and affects glaciated coastlines undergoing ice sheet retreat, underscoring the need to consider this mechanism in studies of contemporary coastal water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025GL120376","usgsCitation":"Guimond, J., Mohammed, A., Kurylyk, B.L., Walvoord, M.A., and Bense, V.F., 2026, Ice sheet dynamics drive pronounced changes in the subsurface freshwater-saltwater interface: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 53, no. 6, e2025GL120376, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL120376.","productDescription":"e2025GL120376, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-184772","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl120376","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guimond, Julia","contributorId":266043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guimond","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24650,"text":"Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mohammed, Aaron","contributorId":340028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohammed","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurylyk, Barret L.","contributorId":176296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurylyk","given":"Barret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle A. 0000-0003-4269-8366","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":211843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bense, Victor F.","contributorId":248636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bense","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70274271,"text":"70274271 - 2026 - Spatial and temporal geochemical variations of lava flows and tephra deposits from the December 2020 to September 2024 eruptions of Kīlauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T15:58:48.823617","indexId":"70274271","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-16T10:54:53","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal geochemical variations of lava flows and tephra deposits from the December 2020 to September 2024 eruptions of Kīlauea volcano","docAbstract":"Kīlauea volcano underwent dramatic morphological changes in 2018. That year recorded the end of the 35-year-long eruption of Puʻuʻōʻō (1983–2018) and 10-year-long (2008–2018) Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake and emplacement of the ~4-month-long lower East Rift Zone lava flows that coincided with ~500 m of summit caldera collapse. Starting on December 20, 2020, eruptions resumed at Kīlauea’s summit. There were five summit eruptions between December 2020 and September 2023, which ranged in duration from more than a year to as short as a week. Following these summit eruptions, seismicity and deformation increased in the upper Southwest Rift Zone in 2024, culminating in a ~8.5-h-long eruption in this region on June 3, 2024. Increased seismicity and deformation then shifted to the upper and middle East Rift Zone and after several months culminated in an eruption just west of, and within, Nāpau Crater in the middle East Rift Zone from September 15 to 20, 2024. Despite vast morphological changes at Kīlauea’s summit, the geochemical compositions (i.e., whole rock and glass) that erupted from December 2020 to September 2023 are all remarkably similar to each other. Whole-rock compositions appear distinct from the preceding 2008–2018 Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake and phase 3 (i.e., summit or uprift-derived mafic lavas) of the 2018 lower East Rift Zone lava flows, although glass compositions appear to have more overlap with 2018 lower East Rift Zone glasses. The June 3, 2024, upper Southwest Rift Zone spatter and lava flows exhibit a dramatic enrichment in whole-rock MgO that is not recorded in glass, which reflects accumulation of olivine (e.g., antecrysts or xenocrysts) during dike emplacement, and is consistent with the abundance of olivine in the lava flows (5–10%). June 2024 Southwest Rift Zone whole-rock and glass compositions overlap with those erupted at the summit from December 2020 to September 2023, whereas some whole-rock trace (i.e., Sc, Sr, and Zr) and major elements (i.e., CaO) are suggestive of mixing with a magmatic component that had fractionated plagioclase and pyroxene and/or a new parental magma influencing the summit reservoir system. The September 15–20, 2024, eruption at Nāpau Crater in the middle East Rift Zone involved the most differentiated magma since eruptive activity resumed in December 2020, with its magma fractionating olivine + plagioclase + pyroxene. The September 15–20, 2024, composition resembles Puʻuʻōʻō lava flows that erupted in, or near, Nāpau Crater in 1983 (episode 1), 1997 (episode 54), and 2011 (episode 59), with episode 59 having a compositional cluster that is most similar to that of the September 2024 lava flows. The data presented and provided herein open new research perspectives for long-term analyses of geochemical variations following caldera collapse at Kīlauea volcano and facilitate comparisons with other basaltic caldera systems worldwide.
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