Fault reactivation of bedrock structures in active fault zones influences stress state and earthquake rupture phenomena through the introduction of weak slip surfaces that impact fault zone geometry and width. Yet, geometric relationships between modern faults and older reactivated faults are difficult to quantify in rocks that have experienced multiple deformation episodes. We used new geologic mapping, geomorphic tools, and structural modeling to quantify rock uplift and subsurface fault geometry of the central part of the Maacama Fault Zone near Ukiah, California, USA, and the surrounding area. Results suggest that the northern Mayacamas Mountains are in a tectonically driven disequilibrium, with differential rock uplift focused on the western side of the range. Steeply east-dipping fault surfaces and splays characterize the geometry of the Maacama Fault Zone. We mapped two newly identified faults to the east of the main Maacama Fault, the Cow Mountain–Mill Creek Fault, and Willow Creek Fault, which align with a moderately east-dipping cluster of microseismicity between 4–10 km depth beneath the Mayacamas Mountains. Static stress modeling on the Maacama Fault Zone and newly identified faults to the east quantify slip tendency values of 0.5–0.4, which suggests that the faults are moderately to poorly suited for slip in the modern stress field and may be weak. We infer that modern uplift is driven by oblique reverse, up-to-the-east, dip-slip motion on the reactivated Cenozoic Cow Mountain–Mill Creek and Willow Creek Faults as material is advected through a restraining bend on the Maacama Fault. This study shows that reactivated bedrock faults increase the fault zone width and introduce fault surfaces that contribute a component of vertical deformation and uplift in major strike-slip fault zones. Deformation is accommodated on an interconnected network of new and reactivated faults that delineate a complex seismic hazard.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02750.1","usgsCitation":"Melosh, B.L., McLaughlin, R., and Ohlin, H., 2024, The geometry of fault reactivation and uplift along the central part of the Maacama fault zone, northern California Coast Ranges (USA): Geosphere, v. 20, no. 6, p. 1511-1532, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02750.1.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1511","endPage":"1532","ipdsId":"IP-154371","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466815,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02750.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464534,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Maacama Fault Zone, Northern California Coast Ranges","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.45015959177604,\n 39.45109183492838\n ],\n [\n -123.45015959177604,\n 38.81847294177288\n ],\n [\n -122.91075258047664,\n 38.81847294177288\n ],\n [\n -122.91075258047664,\n 39.45109183492838\n ],\n [\n -123.45015959177604,\n 39.45109183492838\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melosh, Benjamin L. 0000-0002-8017-7193","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-7193","contributorId":217215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melosh","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":919456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaughlin, Robert J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":211450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Robert J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":919457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ohlin, Henry","contributorId":346525,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohlin","given":"Henry","affiliations":[{"id":36466,"text":"Consulting Geologist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70261384,"text":"70261384 - 2024 - Predicted occurrence of Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens) across the northeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-06T14:53:40.305095","indexId":"70261384","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-22T08:51:14","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1892,"text":"Herpetologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Predicted occurrence of Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens) across the northeastern United States","title":"Predicted occurrence of Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens) across the northeastern United States","docAbstract":"Effective conservation is becoming more difficult as threats to wildlife increase. Natural resource managers are pressured to make difficult decisions with limited resources, and in many instances, large uncertainty. Scientists and managers tasked with the conservation of a species need tools to help guide efficient decision-making. Often, information for management decisions is insufficient. Tools that help to inform decision makers and address uncertainty are invaluable to effective conservation initiatives. The objective of our study was to create a model to best predict Eastern Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens) breeding occurrence across the northeastern United States. We estimated relationships between breeding newt field survey data and landscape-level covariates while accounting for imperfect detection. We then used those relationships to map expected newt breeding site occupancy across the northeastern United States. We find that newt breeding occupancy is inversely correlated to the amount of human influence in a landscape, highlighting a key existing threat to Eastern Newts that may be exacerbated by the introduction of novel pathogens, such as the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.","language":"English","publisher":"Allen Press","doi":"10.1655/Herpetologica-D-22-00034","usgsCitation":"Pekurny, L., Campbell Grant, E.H., and Mosher, B., 2024, Predicted occurrence of Eastern Newts (Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens) across the northeastern United States: Herpetologica, v. 80, no. 4, p. 307-313, https://doi.org/10.1655/Herpetologica-D-22-00034.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"313","ipdsId":"IP-144719","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464882,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pekurny, Lindsey","contributorId":346979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pekurny","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18160,"text":"Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell Grant, Evan H. 0000-0003-4401-6496 ehgrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-6496","contributorId":150443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell Grant","given":"Evan","email":"ehgrant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mosher, Brittany A.","contributorId":337881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mosher","given":"Brittany A.","affiliations":[{"id":13253,"text":"University of Vermont","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70260843,"text":"70260843 - 2024 - Evaluating hydrologic model performance for characterizing streamflow drought in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T16:20:55.493405","indexId":"70260843","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-21T09:10:07","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluating hydrologic model performance for characterizing streamflow drought in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Hydrologic models are the primary tools that are used to simulate streamflow drought and assess impacts. However, there is little consensus about how to evaluate the performance of these models, especially as hydrologic modeling moves toward larger spatial domains. This paper presents a comprehensive multi-objective approach to systematically evaluating the critical features in streamflow drought simulations performed by two widely used hydrological models. The evaluation approach captures how well a model classifies observed periods of drought and non-drought, quantifies error components during periods of drought, and assesses the models’ simulations of drought severity, duration, and intensity. We apply this approach at 4662 U.S. Geological Survey streamflow gages covering a wide range of hydrologic conditions across the conterminous U.S. from 1985 to 2016 to evaluate streamflow drought using two national-scale hydrologic models: the National Water Model (NWM) and the National Hydrologic Model (NHM); therefore, a benchmark against which to evaluate additional models is provided. Using this approach, we find that generally the NWM better simulates the timing of flows during drought, while the NHM better simulates the magnitude of flows during drought. Both models performed better in wetter eastern regions than in drier western regions. Finally, each model showed increased error when simulating the most severe drought events.
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0000-0003-0962-5130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0962-5130","contributorId":78634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodson","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Over, Thomas M. 0000-0001-8280-4368","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-4368","contributorId":204650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70259702,"text":"70259702 - 2024 - Produced water geochemistry from hydraulically stimulated Niobrara Formation petroleum wells: Origin of salinity and temporal perspectives on treatment and reuse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-23T16:39:11.0739","indexId":"70259702","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-18T08:28:59","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Produced water geochemistry from hydraulically stimulated Niobrara Formation petroleum wells: Origin of salinity and temporal perspectives on treatment and reuse","docAbstract":"The Mineral Mountains in southwestern Utah are a structurally controlled core complex at the confluence of the Colorado Plateau and the Basin and Range physiographic provinces. Aside from hosting Utah’s largest batholith, the Mineral Mountains host some of the State’s youngest high-silica rhyolites, which have been linked to a magma source that is presently being utilized as an enhanced geothermal system. The high-silica rhyolites take the form of effusive lavas and domes, and explosive products are rare. Previous K-Ar dating of these Pleistocene rhyolites placed eruptions between about 790 and 500 kilo-annum (ka) with contemporaneous basalts erupting in the valley to the east of the Mineral Mountains. Large uncertainties on these ages obscured the tempo of eruptions and thus hindered attempts to constrain the timescales of the petrogenetic processes that produced the rhyolites. In this study, we build on previous studies conducted in the 1970s and 1980s by using new geochronologic and geochemical data to investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of the youngest phase of volcanism in the Mineral Mountains. We identify two major eruptive periods, from approximately 850 to 750 ka and from approximately 590 to 480 ka. The older phase is characterized by the eruption of several basaltic lavas, two obsidian flows, and a series of coalescing porphyritic rhyolite domes. The younger phase included the eruption of six evolved high-silica rhyolite domes and one pyroclastic deposit, followed by the eruption of trachyandesite in the adjacent valley to the east. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that the rhyolites can be divided into three chemical groups, with more evolved compositions erupting through time. The youngest rhyolites along the range crest have the lowest total iron and TiO2 concentrations and the highest incompatible element concentrations, indicative of increasing differentiation with time and elevation. Improved precision on the eruption ages indicates a recurrence interval of approximately 20 thousand years. The eruptive flux for both periods of rhyolitic volcanism is about 0.01 cubic kilometers per thousand years, which is less than the magma resurgence flux rates for syn-caldera and post-caldera eruptions of the Valles Caldera and Yellowstone Caldera volcanic systems. Collectively, these geochemical, geochronological, and volumetric data may facilitate a better understanding of heat flux and the longevity of magmatic sources related to geothermal resources in similar small-volume, silicic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1890K","usgsCitation":"Rivera, T.A., Jicha, B.R., Kirby, S., and Peacock, H.B., 2024, Temporal, spatial, and chemical evolution of Quaternary high-silica rhyolites in the Mineral Mountains, Utah, chap. K of Poland, M.P., Ort, M.H., Stovall, W.K., Vaughan, G.R., Connor, C.B., and Rumpf, M.E., eds., Distributed volcanism—Characteristics, processes, and hazards: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1890, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1890K.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-154539","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497878,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117732.htm"},{"id":462712,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/k/covrthb.png"},{"id":462713,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/k/pp1890k.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-K PDF"},{"id":500729,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/k/images"},{"id":500728,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1890/k/pp1890K.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-K XML"},{"id":500727,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1890K/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Professional Paper 1890-K HTML"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.1,\n 38.2\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 38.2\n ],\n [\n -112.5,\n 39.0\n ],\n [\n -113.1,\n 39.0\n ],\n [\n -113.1,\n 38.2\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director,
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4230 University Drive
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Grassland birds are under threat worldwide due to loss of habitat to agriculture. Prairie strips are a new agricultural conservation practice composed of linear strips of reconstructed diverse, native, herbaceous, perennial vegetation designed to promote land sharing among agriculture and biodiversity, while also addressing soil and water conservation goals. We evaluated bird community response to establishment of prairie strips on commercial row-crop fields (corn [(Zea mays] and soybean [Glycine max]) in Iowa, USA compared to controls fields without prairie strips, from 2015 to 2020. We found a 2.94-fold higher density of grassland birds on fields with prairie strips compared to control fields, and a 1.87-fold higher density of birds overall. Time since prairie strip establishment was a significant predictor of grassland bird density, with significant increases between years 1 and 2 and years 3 and 4. Species with the strongest positive response to prairie strips were Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus), Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) and two species of greatest conservation need: Dickcissel (Spiza americana) and Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna). Diversity measures (e.g., Shannon’s and Simpson’s indices) did not differ between fields with prairie strips versus those without. Prairie strips provide quality breeding habitat for a suite of species, including grassland species and those of conservation concern. While improving several bird community measures, prairie strips do not provide habitat for area-sensitive grassland birds. Larger grassland patches are needed, potentially managed as land-sparing reserves, to achieve overall biodiversity goals in agricultural landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2024.109075","usgsCitation":"Giese, J.C., Schulte, L.A., and Klaver, R.W., 2024, Bird community response to field-level integration of prairie strips: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 374, 109075, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2024.109075.","productDescription":"109075, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-162780","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466844,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2024.109075","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433577,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"374","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Giese, Jordan C.","contributorId":343192,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Giese","given":"Jordan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schulte, Lisa A.","contributorId":177987,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schulte","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":910664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Klaver, Robert W. 0000-0002-3263-9701 bklaver@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3263-9701","contributorId":3285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaver","given":"Robert","email":"bklaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70260936,"text":"70260936 - 2024 - Migratory strategies across an ecological barrier: Is the answer blowing in the wind?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T15:08:35.798316","indexId":"70260936","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-14T07:54:42","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2792,"text":"Movement Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Migratory strategies across an ecological barrier: Is the answer blowing in the wind?","docAbstract":"Background: Ecological barriers can shape the movement strategies of migratory animals that navigate around or across them, creating migratory divides. Wind plays a large role in facilitating aerial migrations, and can temporally or spatially change the challenge posed by an ecological barrier, with beneficial winds potentially converting a barrier to a corridor. Here, we explore the role wind plays in shaping initial southbound migration strategy between two populations departing from different locations along an ecological barrier.
Methods: Using GPS satellite transmitters, we tracked the southbound migration of two populations of Short-billed Dowitchers (Limnodromus griseus caurinus) from breeding grounds in Alaska to wintering sites in coastal Mexico. The breeding grounds were positioned in distinct regions along an ecological barrier, the Gulf of Alaska. Between the two populations, we compared migratory timing, wind availability at, and tailwind support en route across the Gulf of Alaska.
Results: Route choice and arrival timing to wintering sites differed markedly between the two populations: individuals departing from the more westerly site (King Salmon) left at the same time as those from further east (Beluga) but crossed the Gulf of Alaska farther west and arrived along the Pacific coast of Mexico an average of 19 days earlier than their counterparts. Dowitchers from both sites used a slight tailwind to cue departure, but once aloft over the Gulf of Alaska, birds from the more westerly site had up to ten times more tailwind assistance than birds from the more easterly one.
Conclusions: The distinct migration strategies, and degree of wind assistance experienced, of these two populations demonstrates how differences in wind availability along migratory routes may form the basis for intraspecific variation in migration strategies with potential carryover effects. Future changes in wind regimes may therefore interact with changes in habitat availability to influence migration patterns and migratory bird conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s40462-024-00509-2","usgsCitation":"Bathrick, R.E., Johnson, J.A., Ruthrauff, D.R., Snyder, R., Stager, M., and Senner, N.R., 2024, Migratory strategies across an ecological barrier: Is the answer blowing in the wind?: Movement Ecology, v. 12, no. 1, e70, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-024-00509-2.","productDescription":"e70, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-160741","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-024-00509-2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":464123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.95960564872016,\n 59.55615778068645\n ],\n [\n -165.95960564872016,\n 55.99945856187486\n ],\n [\n -136.85750784523026,\n 55.99945856187486\n ],\n [\n -136.85750784523026,\n 59.55615778068645\n ],\n [\n -165.95960564872016,\n 59.55615778068645\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bathrick, Rosalyn E.","contributorId":346300,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bathrick","given":"Rosalyn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6932,"text":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, James A. 0000-0002-2312-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2312-0633","contributorId":299054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snyder, Rebekah","contributorId":346301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snyder","given":"Rebekah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stager, Maria","contributorId":346302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stager","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":82825,"text":"U Mass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Senner, Nathan R.","contributorId":140465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senner","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":918623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70259588,"text":"70259588 - 2024 - Discerning sediment provenance in the Outer Banks (USA) through detrital zircon geochronology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-16T11:46:42.605329","indexId":"70259588","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-09T06:44:22","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discerning sediment provenance in the Outer Banks (USA) through detrital zircon geochronology","docAbstract":"Mangroves can increase their elevation relative to tidal flooding through biogeomorphic feedbacks but can submerge if rates of sea-level rise are too great. There is an urgent need to understand the vulnerability of mangroves to sea-level rise so local communities and resource managers can implement and prioritize actions. The need is especially pressing for small islands, which have been identified as an area of concern by the IPCC. We developed a generalizable modeling framework for tidal wetlands (WARMER-3) that accounts for species interactions and the belowground processes that dictate soil elevation building relative to sea levels. The model was calibrated with extensive field datasets, including accretion rates derived from 29 soil cores, over 300 forest inventory plots, water level, and elevation. The model included five mangrove tree species and was applied across seven regions around the Pacific Island of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia, where mangrove forest is a critical ecosystem that supports subsistence living for local communities. We explored mangrove resilience and carbon accumulation under six sea-level rise scenarios. We also conducted an analysis to determine the sea-level rise rate threshold above which mangroves would be lost. The results suggest that Pohnpei mangroves can build their elevations relative to low and moderate rates of sea-level rise to prevent submergence, with limited loss of mangrove area through 2150. Under higher sea-level rise rates, however, forest elevation decreased substantially relative to mean sea level and there was extensive loss of mangrove area by that year. Regarding mangrove community composition, for all sea-level rise scenarios, the model predicted a change to increasing relative abundance of flood tolerant species and decreasing relative abundance of high-elevation species, which started to being realized by 2100. Variation in sediment supply, water levels, and elevation capital led to differential vulnerability around the island. We identified a threshold for Pohnpei mangroves where if local sea-level rise rates exceed 7.8 ± 2.2 mm/year they are projected to eventually submerge and be lost. Our modeling framework is novel by addressing both species interactions and critical belowground processes to better understand potential tidal ecosystem responses to sea-level rise.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-024-01422-y","usgsCitation":"Buffington, K., Carr, J., Mackenzie, R., Apwong, M., Krauss, K., and Thorne, K., 2024, Projecting mangrove forest resilience to sea-level rise on a Pacific Island: Species dynamics and ecological thresholds: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 47, p. 2174-2189, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-024-01422-y.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"2174","endPage":"2189","ipdsId":"IP-165799","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Federated States of Micronesia","otherGeospatial":"Pohnpei","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 158.07984414004875,\n 7.009358068074874\n ],\n [\n 158.07984414004875,\n 6.766699284998481\n ],\n [\n 158.36071659346305,\n 6.766699284998481\n ],\n [\n 158.36071659346305,\n 7.009358068074874\n ],\n [\n 158.07984414004875,\n 7.009358068074874\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buffington, Kevin J. 0000-0001-9741-1241 kbuffington@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-1241","contributorId":4775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buffington","given":"Kevin","email":"kbuffington@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carr, Joel A. 0000-0002-9164-4156 jcarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-4156","contributorId":168645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"Joel A.","email":"jcarr@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mackenzie, Richard","contributorId":264789,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mackenzie","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":34924,"text":"U. Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":918966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Apwong, Maybeleen","contributorId":251804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Apwong","given":"Maybeleen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25408,"text":"Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Hilo, HI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":918967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Krauss, Ken 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":223022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":204579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70259204,"text":"sir20245062D - 2024 - Ground deformation and gravity for volcano monitoring","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70259204,"text":"sir20245062D - 2024 - Ground deformation and gravity for volcano monitoring","indexId":"sir20245062D","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Ground Deformation and Gravity for Volcano Monitoring","title":"Ground deformation and gravity for volcano monitoring"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70259167,"text":"sir20245062 - 2024 - Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States","indexId":"sir20245062","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70259167,"text":"sir20245062 - 2024 - Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States","indexId":"sir20245062","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"title":"Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-17T19:31:50.503069","indexId":"sir20245062D","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-04T10:23:21","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2024-5062","chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Ground Deformation and Gravity for Volcano Monitoring","title":"Ground deformation and gravity for volcano monitoring","docAbstract":"When magma accumulates or migrates, it can cause pressurization and related ground deformation. Characterization of surface deformation provides important constraints on the potential for future volcanic activity, especially in combination with seismic activity, gas emissions, and other indicators. A wide variety of techniques and instrument types have been applied to the study of ground deformation at volcanoes (sidebar, p. 2; Dzurisin, 2000, 2003, 2007). Geodetic instruments include continuously recording Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS; of which the United States’ Global Positioning System is one example) stations (fig. D1), borehole tiltmeters, and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements (from satellites, occupied and unoccupied aircraft systems, and ground-based sensors). Additional geodetic measurements like continuous- and survey-mode gravity (fig. D2) can contribute substantially to interpreting these data. Borehole strainmeters (see chapter K, this volume, by Hurwitz and Lowenstern, 2024) also have outstanding utility for monitoring deformation, although because of cost and permitting challenges, we do not include them as part of standard volcano monitoring networks for U.S. volcanoes. Still other techniques like light detection and ranging (lidar), structure from motion, and optical satellite data can be used to derive gross topographic changes, which can be used to map volcanic deposits, infer eruption rates, and gain insights into the source processes associated with eruptive activity (see chapter G, this volume, on tracking surface changes caused by volcanic activity; Orr and others, 2024).
Experience has shown that no single geodetic monitoring technique is adequate to detect and track the entire range of ground-motion patterns that occur at volcanoes, primarily because of the temporal and spatial diversity of volcano deformation (fig. D3). Similarly, the magnitude of surface deformation varies widely. Geodetic monitoring strategies should therefore include multiple techniques and instrument types to cover a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.
In identifying recommendations for geodetic instrumentation for volcano monitoring networks, we attempted to maximize the diversity of instrument types to measure the full range of deformation signals and minimize their expense and number; thus, we do not include several well-known deformation-monitoring techniques in our recommendations. Extensometers, for example, measure strains over distances of a few meters and have an excellent record of success in detecting changes in preeruptive localized ground motion across existing cracks, including at Mount St. Helens, Washington (Iwatsubo and others, 1992), and Piton de la Fournaise, Réunion Island (Peltier and others, 2006). Despite being relatively inexpensive, extensometers are best used primarily when localized ground displacements (for example, ground cracks) need to be tracked, and are not necessary at all volcanoes.
In considering volcano deformation monitoring strategies, two complicating factors are deserving of special attention. First, not all deformation is driven by subsurface magmatic activity—for example, at many large stratovolcanoes (for example, Mount Rainier), flank collapses and landslides are significant geologic hazards (Reid and others, 2001) that may occur even in the absence of magmatic activity. Monitoring the stability of volcanoes is thus another critical application of geodetic monitoring networks to inform hazard assessment. One of the most famous examples of edifice instability is the large flank collapse that initiated the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens. Deformation monitoring had detected a bulge on the north flank of the mountain in April 1980 that was expanding by several meters per day (Lipman and others, 1981). Given that flank collapses can happen at any time during a period of volcanic unrest (or even outside a period of unrest), the capability to assess edifice stability is critical.
Second, although volcanoes are commonly treated as idealized structures that erupt from single points, like centralvent stratovolcanoes, many are characterized by long rift zones from which eruptions may originate, and distributed volcanic fields are characterized by broadly spaced vents. For example, linear dikes are common at Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, and between Mount Shasta and Medicine Lake in California. At Kīlauea, one of these linear dikes emerged more than 40 kilometers (km) away from the summit of the volcano during the lower East Rift Zone eruption in 2018. Other volcanic fields, like Lassen volcanic center, California, or the San Francisco Volcanic Field, Arizona, have many small vents spread over a wide area. Although the instrumentation guidelines presented in this chapter remain phrased for central-vent volcanoes, they should be modified as needed in the context of the eruptive characteristics of each individual volcanic system.
Spatial analysis of geodetic network coverage could help to ensure adequate instrumentation in areas where volcanism can occur over a broad area as opposed to a central vent. As an example, consider the adjacent volcanoes Mount Shasta and Medicine Lake. If station locations are chosen based only on the distance from the centers of the volcanoes, then any geodetic anomalies between the two volcanoes—an area of potential volcanism as indicated by the presence of volcanic features—may remain undetected by ground-based instrumentation. The spatial analysis is accomplished via a grid of pressure point sources (Mogi, 1958) evenly distributed across the map area, at a depth of 5 km in this example (fig. D4). Each source is inflated until predicted deformations exceed the GNSS white noise uncertainty estimates at one site (Langbein, 2017; Murray and Svarc, 2017). This volume of detectable magma provides a measure of the quality of the coverage (fig. D4). The results indicate that, as of 2022, there is a large area between Mount Shasta and Medicine Lake volcano with existing mapped dikes in which a substantial amount of magma could intrude without being detected geodetically. Applying this style of analysis to individual volcanic systems can provide a guide for designing network geometry given the expected locations of future eruptions.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245062D","usgsCitation":"Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Anderson, K.R., Johanson, I.A., Poland, M.P., and Flinders, A.F., 2024, Ground deformation and gravity for volcano monitoring, chap. D of Flinders, A.F., Lowenstern, J.B., Coombs, M.L., and Poland, M.P., eds., Recommended capabilities and instrumentation for volcano monitoring in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5062–D, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245062D.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","ipdsId":"IP-152739","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":462454,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5062/d/sir20245062d.pdf","text":"Report","size":"10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":462453,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5062/d/covrthbd.jpg"}],"contact":"Director,
Volcano Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4230 University Drive
Anchorage, AK 99508
Salmonid fishes provide an important indicator of climate change given their reliance on cold water. We evaluated temporal changes in the density of stream-dwelling brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from surveys conducted over a 36-year period (1988–2023) by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources in Eastern North America. Nonparametric trend analyses revealed decreasing densities of adult fish (age 1+) in 19 sites (27%) and increases in 5 sites (7%). In contrast, juvenile fish (age 0) densities decreased in 4 sites (6%) and increased in 10 sites (14%). Declining adult brook trout trends were related to atmospheric warming rates during the study period, and this relationship was stronger than the effects of land use change or non-native brown trout. In contrast, juvenile fish trends generally increased with elevation but were not related to air temperature trends or land use change. Our analysis reveals significant changes in several brook trout populations over recent decades and implicates warming atmospheric conditions in population declines. Our findings also suggest the importance of temperature for adult survival rather than recruitment limitation in brook trout population dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/hydrobiology3040019","usgsCitation":"Hitt, N.P., Rogers, K.M., and Kelly, Z.A., 2024, Declines in brook trout abundance linked to atmospheric warming in Maryland, USA: Hydrobiology, v. 3, no. 4, p. 310-324, https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology3040019.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"310","endPage":"324","ipdsId":"IP-167192","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":466886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrobiology3040019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":462478,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.47357981579292,\n 39.72563602937481\n ],\n [\n -79.47357981579292,\n 39.14605298237868\n ],\n [\n -76.54141330247968,\n 39.14605298237868\n ],\n [\n -76.54141330247968,\n 39.72563602937481\n ],\n [\n -79.47357981579292,\n 39.72563602937481\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hitt, Nathaniel P. 0000-0002-1046-4568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1046-4568","contributorId":238185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hitt","given":"Nathaniel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogers, Karli M. 0000-0002-6188-7405","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6188-7405","contributorId":237955,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Karli","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kelly, Zachary A. 0000-0003-4684-2345","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-2345","contributorId":222459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"Zachary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70266774,"text":"70266774 - 2024 - Scale-dependence in elk habitat selection for a reintroduced population in Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-13T16:41:31.054932","indexId":"70266774","displayToPublicDate":"2024-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Scale-dependence in elk habitat selection for a reintroduced population in Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"Habitat selection is a critical aspect of a species' ecology, requiring complex decision-making that is both hierarchical and scale-dependent, since factors that influence selection may be nested or unequal across scales. Elk (Cervus canadensis) ranged widely across diverse ecoregions in North America prior to European settlement and subsequent eastern extirpation. Most habitat selection studies have occurred within their contemporary western range, even after eastern reintroductions began. As habitat selection can vary by geographic location, available cover, season, and diel period, it is important to understand how a non-migratory, reintroduced population in northern Wisconsin, USA, is limited by the lack of variation in topography, elevation, and vegetation. We tested scale-dependent habitat selection on 79 adult elk from 2017 to 2020 using resource selection functions across temporal (i.e., seasonal) and spatial scales (i.e., landscape and home range). We found that selection varied both spatially and temporally, and elk selected areas with the greatest potential to influence fitness at larger scales, meaning elk selected areas closer to escape cover and further from “risky” features (e.g., annual wolf territory centers, county roads, and highways). We found stronger avoidance of annual wolf territory centers during spring, suggesting elk were selecting safer habitats during calving season. Elk selected habitats with less canopy cover across both spatial scales and all seasons, suggesting that elk selected areas with better access to forage as early seral stage stands have greater forage biomass than closed-canopy forests and direct solar radiation to provide warmth in the cooler seasons. This study provides insight into the complexity of hierarchical decision-making, such as how risky habitat features and land cover type influence habitat selection differently across seasons and spatial scales, influencing the decision-making of elk. Scale-dependent behavior is crucial to understand within specific geographic regions, as these decisions scale up to influence population dynamics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.70346","usgsCitation":"Merems, J., Brose, A., Tack, J., Crimmins, S.M., and Van Deelen, T., 2024, Scale-dependence in elk habitat selection for a reintroduced population in Wisconsin, USA: Ecology and Evolution, v. 14, no. 10, e70346, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70346.","productDescription":"e70346, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-151404","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488270,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70346","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":485840,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Flambeau River State Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.44038392352694,\n 46.55749714177122\n ],\n [\n -91.44038392352694,\n 45.89642997708481\n ],\n [\n -90.69624903990778,\n 45.89642997708481\n ],\n [\n -90.69624903990778,\n 46.55749714177122\n ],\n [\n -91.44038392352694,\n 46.55749714177122\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Merems, Jennifer L.","contributorId":354971,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Merems","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brose, Anna L.","contributorId":354972,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brose","given":"Anna L.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tack, Jennifer Price","contributorId":354973,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tack","given":"Jennifer Price","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crimmins, Shawn M. 0000-0001-6229-5543 scrimmins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6229-5543","contributorId":5498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crimmins","given":"Shawn","email":"scrimmins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":936743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Van Deelen, Timothy R.","contributorId":354974,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Deelen","given":"Timothy R.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":936744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70261569,"text":"70261569 - 2024 - Elemental composition and potential toxicity of the riverine macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. reflects land use in eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-16T15:09:37.031728","indexId":"70261569","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-28T09:02:56","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Elemental composition and potential toxicity of the riverine macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. reflects land use in eastern North America","title":"Elemental composition and potential toxicity of the riverine macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. reflects land use in eastern North America","docAbstract":"Land use influences surface water quality, often alleviating stoichiometric constraints on primary production and altering biogeochemical cycling. However, land use effects on nutrient content and potential trace metal accumulation in aquatic plants remain unclear, and high concentrations of metals and altered nutrient ratios could impact the health of herbivores and detritivores. We tested for land use effects on nutrient and trace metal accumulation in a widespread riverine macrophyte, Podostemum ceratophyllum, collected from 91 locations from Georgia to Maine, USA in 2014–2016. We quantified carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), their molar and mass ratios, N and C stable isotopes, and 17 additional elements in dried plants collected from each location to estimate relationships between plant tissue content and watershed land use, which we quantified as agriculture, forest, and development. Decreasing forest cover was correlated with increasing δ15N, Mg, Mn, and P in Podostemum tissue. Increasing urban development was correlated with increasing δ15N, Mg and P, while increasing agriculture was correlated with a decrease in C: P and the concentrations of multiple metals, along with increases in P, Mg and δ15N. Decreases in ratios of N: P and C:P with increasing agriculture and urban development in the watershed indicate more rapid P storage relative to C and N in plant tissue, and increased resource quality of the plant to consumers in these watersheds. We also observed potentially toxic dietary concentrations of some trace metals (B, Cd, Tl, Zn) in plant tissue which could be related to the plant's natural herbivory defense system or to land use. We conclude that land use influences the elemental composition of P. ceratophyllum, and potentially the quality and toxicity of the plant to herbivores and detritivores in eastern North American rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176118","usgsCitation":"Wood, J., Dietterich, L.H., Leasure, D.R., Jantzi, S., Maddox, T., Wenger, S., Skaggs, J., Rosemond, A.D., and Freeman, M., 2024, Elemental composition and potential toxicity of the riverine macrophyte Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. reflects land use in eastern North America: Science of the Total Environment, v. 954, 176118, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176118.","productDescription":"176118, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-144142","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":490988,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176118","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":465144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -69.54256609727352,\n 43.88143574292508\n ],\n [\n -70.647563027507,\n 44.26997672061174\n ],\n [\n -73.8976845593064,\n 43.177908703325954\n ],\n [\n -74.07002050845693,\n 40.99340531964512\n ],\n [\n -72.05924526688266,\n 41.33951624483788\n ],\n [\n -70.23920091350011,\n 41.51880370179515\n ],\n [\n -69.54256609727352,\n 43.88143574292508\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.53957439072548,\n 37.96935046600281\n ],\n [\n -80.27133242619323,\n 38.11626273373102\n ],\n [\n -85.94943603496614,\n 34.90130349851556\n ],\n [\n -85.30759808373625,\n 33.510279887546815\n ],\n [\n -82.4448300394111,\n 34.00184838830782\n ],\n [\n -77.9718785239481,\n 36.58735830390653\n ],\n [\n -77.87536535646905,\n 37.23153468843074\n ],\n [\n -79.53957439072548,\n 37.96935046600281\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"954","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, James","contributorId":174400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":921060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietterich, Lee H.","contributorId":333170,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietterich","given":"Lee","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":79766,"text":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Environmental Laboratory, Vicksburg, MS 39180","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Leasure, Douglas R.","contributorId":145643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leasure","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":921062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jantzi, Sarah","contributorId":347214,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jantzi","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Maddox, Thomas","contributorId":347217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Maddox","given":"Thomas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wenger, Seth J.","contributorId":177838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wenger","given":"Seth J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":921065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Skaggs, Jonathan","contributorId":260315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Skaggs","given":"Jonathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosemond, Amy D.","contributorId":279630,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rosemond","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70259143,"text":"70259143 - 2024 - Beyond the wedge: Impact of tidal streams on salinization of groundwater in a coastal aquifer stressed by pumping and sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-08T20:22:53.531767","indexId":"70259143","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-27T06:09:56","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Beyond the wedge: Impact of tidal streams on salinization of groundwater in a coastal aquifer stressed by pumping and sea-level rise","docAbstract":"Saltwater intrusion (SWI) is a well-studied phenomenon that threatens the freshwater supplies of coastal communities around the world. The development and advancement of numerical models has led to improved assessment of the risk of salinization. However, these studies often fail to include the impact of surface waters as potential sources of aquifer salinity and how they may impact SWI. Based on field-collected data, we developed a regional, variable-density groundwater model using SEAWAT for east Dover, Delaware. In this location, major users of groundwater from the surficial aquifer are the City of Dover and irrigation for agriculture. Our model includes salinized marshland and tidal streams, along with irrigation and municipal pumping wells. Model scenarios were run for 100 years and included changes in pumping rates and sea-level rise (SLR). We examined how these drivers of SWI affect the extent and location of salinization in the surficial aquifer by evaluating differences in chloride concentration near surface waters and the subsurface freshwater-saltwater interface. We found the presence of the marsh inverts the typical freshwater-saltwater wedge interface and that the edge of the interface did not migrate farther inland. Additionally, we found that tidal streams are the dominant pathways of SWI at our site with salinization from streams being exacerbated by SLR. Our results also show that spatial distribution of pumping affects both the magnitude and extent of salinization, with an increase in concentrated pumping leading to more intensive salinization than a more widely distributed increase of the same total pumping volume.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology), conducted a study to describe the current understanding of the regional groundwater system of the lower Duwamish River valley and groundwater and surface-water interactions in the lower Duwamish Waterway. The lower Duwamish Waterway is the final 5-mile (mi) reach of the Duwamish River before it empties into Elliott Bay in Puget Sound near Seattle, Washington. A nearshore site (hereinafter referred to as “Nearshore Site” to distinguish the particular site from general discussions of nearshore areas) along the western shoreline of the Duwamish River, about 1.5 mi upstream from the river mouth, was selected for focused groundwater data collection by USGS. Data loggers were deployed in seven groundwater wells and one stilling well in the Duwamish River to measure specific conductance, temperature, and depth at 15-minute intervals for a period of about 2 years.
At the Nearshore Site during 2020–22, water levels in the shallow wells were 3–8 feet (ft) higher than water levels in the deep wells, providing evidence for a low-permeability layer between the shallow and deep aquifers in this area. The shallow wells had a pronounced seasonal variability, with high water levels in winter and low water levels in summer. Data from the deep wells showed far less seasonal variability, with slight increases in winter and a near-constant water level from spring to autumn. The deep wells had a strong hydraulic connection to the Duwamish River, as evidenced by the synchronous water-level variability during the tidal cycle, whereas the shallow wells had minimal to no tidal response. The potentiometric maps developed for the Nearshore Site and surrounding areas indicate large differences in groundwater-flow directions for the shallow and deep aquifers at low and high tides. For the shallow aquifer, flow is toward the lower Duwamish Waterway near the Nearshore Site, regardless of the tidal condition. For the deep aquifer, a potentiometric trough forms parallel to the shoreline during high tide, indicating that groundwater flow converges from the uplands to the west and the Duwamish River to the east. The geometry of the potentiometric surfaces between the nearshore-most well and the shoreline is complex and is further confounded by intermittent shoreline armoring and other buried infrastructure, which could serve as either a barrier or a conduit to flow.
Groundwater and surface-water interactions in the lower Duwamish Waterway are inherently complex as a result of three overarching factors. First, water levels in the lower reaches of the Duwamish River vary daily by 11–16 ft because of tides from Puget Sound, which create large swings in the hydraulic gradient in the nearshore groundwater system. Second, the density and chemical composition of water in the Duwamish River change daily with the tides and seasonally, which constrains how river water entering the nearshore sediments interacts with discharging groundwater. Third, the nearshore subsurface and shoreline conditions are heterogenous because of extensive shoreline armoring over the past century, which governs the flow of groundwater and infiltrating river water. These unique features of groundwater and surface-water interactions in the lower Duwamish Waterway thus govern the transport of terrestrial contaminants to the lower Duwamish Waterway. Furthermore, the heterogenous aquifer properties in the lower Duwamish Waterway contribute to spatially and temporally dynamic contaminant-transport processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20245046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Mitchell, J.N., and Conn, K.E., 2024, Groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5046, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245046.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 43 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-158073","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497961,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117497.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":434877,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5046/sir20245046.XML"},{"id":434876,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5046/images"},{"id":434875,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1F7QX42","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data in support of groundwater- and surface-water-interactions report— Groundwater and surface-water interactions in the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, Washington"},{"id":434874,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20245046/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2024-5046"},{"id":434873,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5046/sir20245046.pdf","size":"9.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2024-5046"},{"id":434872,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2024/5046/sir20245046.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","city":"Seattle","otherGeospatial":"Lower Duwamish Waterway","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.45687695827122,\n 47.691936104689205\n ],\n [\n -122.45687695827122,\n 47.28\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 47.28\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 47.691936104689205\n ],\n [\n -122.45687695827122,\n 47.691936104689205\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Washington Water Science Center
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Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
The Shublik Formation (Middle to Upper Triassic) is a heterogeneous unit that is a major hydrocarbon source rock in northern Alaska and the largest known Triassic phosphate accumulation in the world. This formation, which occurs in the subsurface and crops out within the Arctic Alaska basin, was deposited on a gently sloping ramp along the northwestern Laurentian margin. In this study, we document spatial and temporal facies variations within the Shublik and the overlying Karen Creek Sandstone (Upper Triassic) through 19 outcrop localities in the northeastern Brooks Range. New organic and inorganic geochemical data from these localities support and extend our sedimentologic and petrographic findings. The petrographic data come from an analysis of more than 900 thin sections, whereas age constraints come mainly from species of the pelecypod genera Daonella, Halobia, Eomonotis, and Monotis. Thirteen sites make up a main outcrop belt within which facies of the Shublik are spatially consistent but show marked vertical changes. Six additional outcrops located south of the main belt contain more distal facies of the Shublik that accumulated farther from land.
Exposures of the Shublik Formation in its main outcrop belt are divisible into five informal lithologic units, each of which formed during a distinct transgressive to regressive sequence. The basal unit of the Shublik (Anisian? to Ladinian; Middle Triassic) is quartz siltstone to very fine grained sandstone that is locally phosphatic. The three middle units (Ladinian to middle Norian; Middle to Upper Triassic) contain various proportions of siliciclastic, carbonate, phosphatic, and organic material. The uppermost unit (middle to upper Norian; Upper Triassic) is mainly shale and mudstone. Highly phosphatic strata (10–34 percent phosphorus pentoxide) are chiefly Ladinian and lower to middle Norian. Highly phosphatic Ladinian strata have been transported, are granular, and formed during transgression and early regression. In contrast, highly phosphatic Norian strata include event beds and hardgrounds, contain displaced and in situ phosphate peloids and nodules, and cap regressive parasequences. The total organic content reaches 4.97 weight percent in the main belt and is highest in muddy beds, which are found mainly in the lower parts of the three middle units. Distal sections of the Shublik are typically finer grained, more organic-rich (total organic content as high as 6.33 weight percent), and less fossiliferous than those in the main belt.
Both temporal and spatial factors shaped facies in the Shublik Formation. Shublik strata accumulated at a time of reduced tectonic activity in Arctic Alaska, resulting in diminished siliciclastic input. Marine upwelling along the northwestern Laurentian margin facilitated the development of heterozoan carbonates, as well as local concentrations of phosphatic and organic matter. Large- and small-scale eustatic cycles also affected this margin and provided further controls on Shublik facies distribution.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1814H","programNote":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, Volume 15","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Whidden, K.J., Rouse, W.A., and DeVera, C., 2024, Facies variation within outcrops of the Triassic Shublik Formation, northeastern Alaska, in Dumoulin, J.A., ed., Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, v. 15: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1814-H, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1814H.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 49 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"49","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-145417","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":448141,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FAGE8O","text":"USGS Data Release","description":"Dumoulin, J.A., Whidden, K.J., Rouse, W.A., and DeVera, C., 2023, Geochemical data from selected Triassic rock samples in northeastern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FAGE8O.","linkHelpText":"Geochemical data from selected Triassic rock samples in northeastern Alaska"},{"id":448791,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1814/h/pp1814h.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":448790,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1814/h/covrthb.jpg"},{"id":497965,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_117493.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.77052015372473,\n 68.2773239828885\n ],\n [\n -140.1396607787249,\n 68.2773239828885\n ],\n [\n -140.1396607787249,\n 71.6150463599952\n ],\n [\n -166.77052015372473,\n 71.6150463599952\n ],\n [\n -166.77052015372473,\n 68.2773239828885\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Alaska Science Center staff
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Phytoplankton overgrowth, which characterizes the eutrophication or trophic status of surface water bodies, threatens ecosystems and public health. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is promising for assessing the abundance and community composition of phytoplankton. However, applications of qPCR to indicate eutrophication and trophic status, especially in lotic systems, have yet to be comprehensively evaluated. For the first time, this study correlates qPCR-based phytoplankton abundance with chlorophyll a (the most widely used indicator of eutrophication and trophic status) in multiple freshwater rivers. From early summer to late fall in 2017, 2018, and 2019, we evaluated phytoplankton, chlorophyll a, pheophytin a, and the Trophic Level Index (TLI) in twelve large freshwater rivers in three regions (western, midcontinent, and eastern) in the United States. Chlorophyll a concentration had positive allometric correlations with qPCR-based phytoplankton abundance (adjusted R2 = 0.5437, p-value < 0.001), pheophytin a concentration (adjusted R2 = 0.3378, p-value <0.001), and TLI (adjusted R2 = 0.4789, p-value < 0.001). Thus, a greater phytoplankton abundance suggests a higher trophic status. This work also presents the numerical values of qPCR-based phytoplankton abundance defining the boundaries among trophic statuses (e.g., oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic) of freshwater rivers. The sampling sites in the midcontinent rivers were more eutrophic because they had significantly higher chlorophyll a concentrations, pheophytin a concentrations, and TLI values than the sites in the western and eastern rivers. The higher phytoplankton abundance at the midcontinent sites confirmed their higher trophic status. By linking qPCR-based phytoplankton abundance to chlorophyll a, this study demonstrates that qPCR is a promising avenue to investigate the population dynamics of phytoplankton and the trophic status (or eutrophication) of freshwater rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175067","usgsCitation":"Zhang, C., McIntosh, K.D., Sienkiewicz, N., Stelzer, E., Graham, J.L., and Lu, J., 2024, qPCR-based phytoplankton abundance and chlorophyll a: A multi-year study in twelve large freshwater rivers across the United States: Science of the Total Environment, v. 954, 175067, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175067.","productDescription":"175067, 19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-164116","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":497364,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12150573/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":462535,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Continental united States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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0000-0001-7645-7603","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7603","contributorId":220549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Erin A.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Graham, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-6420-9335 jlgraham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6420-9335","contributorId":1769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlgraham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":914733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lu, Jingrang","contributorId":288917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lu","given":"Jingrang","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":914734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70261016,"text":"70261016 - 2024 - Bay Miwok evening primrose: A new subspecies of Oenothera deltoides (Onagraceae) endemic to California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-20T15:41:23.951915","indexId":"70261016","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-13T08:36:17","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2639,"text":"Madroño","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bay Miwok evening primrose: A new subspecies of Oenothera deltoides (Onagraceae) endemic to California","docAbstract":"California contains exceptional biodiversity in geography and plant life, including numerous endemic species, some of which are cryptic. The Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Frém. species complex represents a prime example of cryptic diversity. Here, we recognize a new subspecies of Oenothera deltoides, O. deltoides subsp. julpunensis S.F.Jones, subsp. nov., that is a local endemic of windblown sand deposits on the eastern Antioch Dunes sand sheet in the San Francisco Bay-Delta region of California, USA. With the goal of providing clarity to managers of listed species and better understanding of California's diverse flora, we addressed the puzzle of O. deltoides in the region by combining range-wide field surveys with modern genomic tools. We describe the proposed subspecies, its ecology and distribution, and discuss its conservation. As a somewhat cryptic local endemic with small population size and disappearing habitat, the proposed subspecies would benefit from conservation and management to persist as a member of the California flora.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.3120/0024-9637-71.2.84","usgsCitation":"Jones, S., Milano, E.R., O’Dell, R., Ferrell, M., Vandergast, A.G., and Thorne, K., 2024, Bay Miwok evening primrose: A new subspecies of Oenothera deltoides (Onagraceae) endemic to California: Madroño, v. 71, no. 2, p. 84-104, https://doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-71.2.84.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"84","endPage":"104","ipdsId":"IP-152160","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thorne, Karen M. 0000-0002-1381-0657","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0657","contributorId":204579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Karen M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":918937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70255727,"text":"70255727 - 2024 - Island of Hawaiʻi eruptions 2018–present: Profound landscape and human impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-27T18:31:44.954504","indexId":"70255727","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-12T13:25:34","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Island of Hawaiʻi eruptions 2018–present: Profound landscape and human impacts","docAbstract":"This three-day field trip examines deposits and landscape evolution associated with recent eruptions of Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, Hawai‘i, USA, beginning with the lower East Rift Zone eruption and associated partial caldera collapse during the summer of 2018. As of this writing, there have been five eruptions within Kīlauea’s summit caldera, one eruption in the Southwest Rift Zone of Kīlauea, and several intrusions into the south caldera and Southwest Rift Zone since 2018. For the first time since 1984, Mauna Loa erupted in 2022, with lava flows in the caldera and along the Northeast Rift Zone. Recent eruptions contrast significantly with the preceding period, characterized by Kīlauea’s long-lived East Rift Zone eruption at Pu‘u‘ō‘ō from 1983 to 2018 and sustained lava lake activity at the summit from 2008 to 2018.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From coastal geomorphology to magmatism: Guides to GSA connects 2024 field trips in southern California and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2024.0070(01)","usgsCitation":"Lundblad, S.P., Gallant, E., Zoeller, M.H., Lynn, K.J., and Flinders, A.F., 2024, Island of Hawaiʻi eruptions 2018–present: Profound landscape and human impacts, in From coastal geomorphology to magmatism: Guides to GSA connects 2024 field trips in southern California and beyond, v. 70, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1130/2024.0070(01).","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","ipdsId":"IP-167002","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.8133468596503,\n 19.812796096231367\n ],\n [\n -155.9115446519225,\n 19.007439423027606\n ],\n [\n -155.64043335586658,\n 18.902340312585572\n ],\n [\n -155.2743263694604,\n 19.196838087175546\n ],\n [\n -154.89274255709807,\n 19.354032426888594\n ],\n [\n -154.79294371386484,\n 19.487056720173186\n ],\n [\n -154.9637224830341,\n 19.708315527873097\n ],\n [\n -155.8133468596503,\n 19.812796096231367\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Van Buer, Nicholas","contributorId":214183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Buer","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38988,"text":"Cal State Poly Pomona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958069,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Joshua J.","contributorId":289850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958070,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Lundblad, Steven P.","contributorId":223774,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundblad","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37291,"text":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gallant, Elisabeth 0000-0001-6841-3694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-3694","contributorId":339872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gallant","given":"Elisabeth","affiliations":[{"id":81292,"text":"University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":905466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zoeller, Michael H. 0000-0003-4716-8567","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4716-8567","contributorId":214557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoeller","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lynn, Kendra J. 0000-0001-7886-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-4376","contributorId":290327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynn","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Flinders, Ashton F. 0000-0003-2483-4635","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-4635","contributorId":271052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flinders","given":"Ashton","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":905469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70262861,"text":"70262861 - 2024 - Geology, coastal geomorphology, and soils of eastern Santa Cruz Island (Limuw), Channel Islands National Park, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-27T15:49:26.825246","indexId":"70262861","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-12T09:41:57","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geology, coastal geomorphology, and soils of eastern Santa Cruz Island (Limuw), Channel Islands National Park, California, USA","docAbstract":"This one-day field trip explores northeastern Santa Cruz Island (Limuw, in native Chumash), a part of Channel Islands National Park, USA. The geomorphology of eastern Santa Cruz Island has been controlled largely by active tectonics and sea-level fluctuations. The bedrock is Miocene volcanic rock overlain by Miocene shale and siltstone. The island has experienced Quaternary uplift, perhaps due to movement along an offshore thrust fault. Smaller faults are exposed in sea cliffs and have displaced Miocene rocks. Superimposed upon island uplift, there have been Quaternary sea-level fluctuations from interglacial-glacial climate changes. Interglacial high-sea stands are recorded as marine terraces. The last major interglacial period, ~120,000 years ago, left only small remnants of marine terraces. Most evidence of this high-sea stand was eroded away in the Holocene. However, a prominent marine terrace is preserved at 75–120 m above sea level. Some fossil mollusks from the deposits of this terrace, probably reworked, have given ages as old as Pliocene, but most yield ages of 2.6–2.0 Ma. The age and elevation of this terrace indicate a very low rate of tectonic uplift, similar to nearby Anacapa Island. A low uplift rate explains the absence or scarcity of younger terraces, including that of the last interglacial period. Low stands of sea (glacial periods) exposed the insular shelf, rich in carbonate skeletal sand. During glacial periods, these sands were entrained by the wind, deposited as dunes on marine terraces, and cemented into eolianite. Clay-rich Vertisols with silt mantles have developed on eolianites and terraces of the island, partly from in situ weathering, but also from inputs of Mojave Desert dust during Santa Ana wind events. This guide includes stops at Scorpion Anchorage, Cavern Point, and Potato Harbor. It provides insights into the bedrock, coastal geomorphology, fossiliferous marine terraces, eolianite, Vertisols, and the three formations on eastern Santa Cruz Island: the Santa Cruz Island Volcanics, the Monterey Formation, and the Potato Harbor Formation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From coastal geomorphology to magmatism: Guides to GSA connects 2024 Field trips in southern California and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2024.0070(05)","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D.R., Schumann, R.R., Minor, S.A., and Groves, L.T., 2024, Geology, coastal geomorphology, and soils of eastern Santa Cruz Island (Limuw), Channel Islands National Park, California, USA, chap. of From coastal geomorphology to magmatism: Guides to GSA connects 2024 Field trips in southern California and beyond, v. 70, p. 83-124, https://doi.org/10.1130/2024.0070(05).","productDescription":"42 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"124","ipdsId":"IP-164863","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Channel Islands National Park, Santa Cruz Island (Limuw)","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -119.93460487987,\n 34.10078348793449\n ],\n [\n -119.93460487987,\n 33.94807077514925\n ],\n [\n -119.50725969844112,\n 33.94807077514925\n ],\n [\n -119.50725969844112,\n 34.10078348793449\n ],\n [\n -119.93460487987,\n 34.10078348793449\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Van Buer, Nicholas","contributorId":214183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Buer","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38988,"text":"Cal State Poly Pomona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925172,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Joshua J.","contributorId":289850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":925173,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schumann, R. Randall 0000-0001-8158-6960 rschumann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6960","contributorId":1569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.","email":"rschumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Groves, Lindsey T.","contributorId":213427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Groves","given":"Lindsey","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12725,"text":"Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70261560,"text":"70261560 - 2024 - Volcanism and tectonics of young basaltic fields in the eastern California shear zone, California, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-16T14:49:23.820529","indexId":"70261560","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-12T08:42:26","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Volcanism and tectonics of young basaltic fields in the eastern California shear zone, California, USA","docAbstract":"Circa 12 Ma, there was a fundamental reorganization of magmatism and tectonics in the Mojave Desert, California, USA, from basaltic to rhyolitic fields associated with extensional tectonics to dispersed basaltic monogenetic fields associated with the northwest- or east-striking strike-slip faults. The broad zone of strike-slip faults associated with the San Andreas transform margin stretched east to Arizona, but the high slip-rate central part that is known as the Quaternary eastern California shear zone is the locus of the post–12 Ma volcanism. We compiled a literature review of 29 basaltic fields, conducted detailed and reconnaissance study of several fields, and conducted geochemistry on many. Most of the volcanic fields are near or cut by the long fault systems, but more importantly, in nearly two-thirds of the fields that have scoria cones, the cones are <1 km from one of these faults. Eighteen volcanic fields have geochemistry data, and of the 441 analyses of major elements, 286 are new U.S. Geological Survey data that include comprehensive trace elements. The data are used to compare fields and determine the compositional variations during the formation of each field. Comparisons between fields show that several nearby volcanic fields have similar geochemical compositions and trends compared to distant fields; we suggest that six magmatic clusters formed, some with 200–300 k.y. duration. Spatial patterns change over the 12 m.y. span, with early fields forming in the north and south and the youngest in a central area from Pisgah to Amboy fields. The volume of magma also changed, most notably with a sixfold increase ca. 4 Ma followed by a 2–3 m.y. quiescence. In addition to the fracture control provided by strike-slip faults as magma conduits, we advance arguments for shear melting in the mantle along the most active faults, with secondary controls of local tectonic interactions, to explain spatial and temporal patterns in the fields.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From coastal geomorphology to magmatism: Guides to GSA connects 2024 field trips in southern California and beyond","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2024.0070(06)","usgsCitation":"Buesch, D.C., and Miller, D., 2024, Volcanism and tectonics of young basaltic fields in the eastern California shear zone, California, USA, chap. of From coastal geomorphology to magmatism: Guides to GSA connects 2024 field trips in southern California and beyond, v. 70, p. 125-157, https://doi.org/10.1130/2024.0070(06).","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"125","endPage":"157","ipdsId":"IP-165587","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":465142,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.81457812408306,\n 32.741341527582605\n ],\n [\n -114.51850207327473,\n 33.84659454462617\n ],\n [\n -114.15791235302103,\n 34.31724338526864\n ],\n [\n -114.80864946075852,\n 35.199130287438805\n ],\n [\n -117.98533883054941,\n 37.62054159081218\n ],\n [\n -121.61806378609694,\n 36.16806803153355\n ],\n [\n -120.26877074820086,\n 34.73154575007007\n ],\n [\n -117.90472675927293,\n 33.87436079530947\n ],\n [\n -117.83103647077345,\n 33.63574209904861\n ],\n [\n -116.63455828291453,\n 32.60190143996401\n ],\n [\n -114.81457812408306,\n 32.741341527582605\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"70","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Van Buer, Nicholas","contributorId":214183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Buer","given":"Nicholas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38988,"text":"Cal State Poly Pomona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":921131,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Joshua J.","contributorId":289850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Joshua","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":921132,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Buesch, David C. 0000-0002-4978-5027 dbuesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-5027","contributorId":1154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buesch","given":"David","email":"dbuesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":238721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":921050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70258698,"text":"70258698 - 2024 - Range-wide population genomic structure of the Karner blue butterfly, Plebejus (Lycaeides) samuelis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-24T11:50:21.120036","indexId":"70258698","displayToPublicDate":"2024-09-12T06:47:04","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Range-wide population genomic structure of the Karner blue butterfly, Plebejus (Lycaeides) samuelis","docAbstract":"The Karner blue butterfly, Plebejus (Lycaeides) samuelis, is an endangered North American climate change-vulnerable species that has undergone substantial historical habitat loss and population decline. To better understand the species' genetic status and support Karner blue conservation, we sampled 116 individuals from 22 localities across the species' geographical range in Wisconsin (WI), Michigan (MI), Indiana (IN), and New York (NY). Using genomic analysis, we found that these samples were divided into three major geographic groups, NY, WI, and MI-IN, with populations in WI and MI-IN each further divided into three subgroups. A high level of inbreeding was revealed by inbreeding coefficients above 10% in almost all populations in our study. However, strong correlation between FST and geographical distance suggested that genetic divergence between populations increases with distance, such that introducing individuals from more distant populations may be a useful strategy for increasing population-level diversity and preserving the species. We also found that Karner blue populations had lower genetic diversity than closely related species and had more alleles that were present only at low frequencies (<5%) in other species. Some of these alleles may negatively impact individual fitness and may have become prevalent in Karner blue populations due to inbreeding. Finally, analysis of these possibly deleterious alleles in the context of predicted three-dimensional structures of proteins revealed potential molecular mechanisms behind population declines, providing insights for conservation. This rich new range-wide understanding of the species' population genomic structure can contextualize past extirpations and help conserve and even enhance Karner blue genetic diversity.