An examination of the relation between runoff rate, R, and concentration, C, of twelve major constituents in four small watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico demonstrates a consistent pattern of responses. For solutes that are not substantially bioactive (alkalinity, silica, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride), the log(R)–log(C) relation is almost linear and can be described as a weighted average of two sources, bedrock weathering and atmospheric deposition. The slope of the relation for each solute depends on the respective source contributions to the total river load. If a solute were strictly derived from bedrock weathering, the slope would be −0.3 to −0.4, whereas if strictly derived from atmospheric deposition, the slope would be approximately −0.1. The bioactive constituents (dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, sulfate, and potassium), which are recycled by plants and concentrated in shallow soil, demonstrate nearly flat or downward-arched log(R)–log(C) relations. The peak of the arch represents a transition from dominantly soil-matrix flow to near-surface macropore flow, and finally to overland flow. At highest observed R (80 to >90 mm/h), essentially all reactive surfaces have become wetted, and the input rate of C becomes independent of R (log(R)–log(C) slope of –1). The highest R are tenfold greater than any previous study. Slight clockwise hysteresis for many solutes in the rivers with riparian zones or substantial hyporheic flows indicates that these settings may act as mixing end-members. Particulate constituents (suspended sediment and particulate organic carbon) show slight clockwise hysteresis, indicating mobilization of stored sediment during rising stage.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","publisherLocation":"Dordrecht","doi":"10.1007/s10498-013-9216-5","usgsCitation":"Stallard, R.F., and Murphy, S.F., 2014, A unified assessment of hydrological and biogeochemical responses in research watersheds in Eastern Puerto Rico using runoff-concentration relations: Aquatic Geochemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 115-139, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-013-9216-5.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"139","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044740","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322112,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158ace4b053f0edd03c19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stallard, Robert F. 0000-0001-8209-7608 stallard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8209-7608","contributorId":1924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stallard","given":"Robert","email":"stallard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70108159,"text":"70108159 - 2014 - Uranium and radon in private bedrock well water in Maine: geospatial analysis at two scales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-09T15:11:37","indexId":"70108159","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T14:57:23","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium and radon in private bedrock well water in Maine: geospatial analysis at two scales","docAbstract":"In greater Augusta of central Maine, 53 out of 1093 (4.8%) private bedrock well water samples from 1534 km2 contained [U] >30 μg/L, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for drinking water; and 226 out of 786 (29%) samples from 1135 km2 showed [Rn] >4,000 pCi/L (148 Bq/L), the U.S. EPA’s Alternative MCL. Groundwater pH, calcite dissolution and redox condition are factors controlling the distribution of groundwater U but not Rn due to their divergent chemical and hydrological properties. Groundwater U is associated with incompatible elements (S, As, Mo, F, and Cs) in water samples within granitic intrusions. Elevated [U] and [Rn] are located within 5–10 km distance of granitic intrusions but do not show correlations with metamorphism at intermediate scales (100−101 km). This spatial association is confirmed by a high-density sampling (n = 331, 5–40 samples per km2) at local scales (≤10–1 km) and the statewide sampling (n = 5857, 1 sample per 16 km2) at regional scales (102–103 km). Wells located within 5 km of granitic intrusions are at risk of containing high levels of [U] and [Rn]. Approximately 48 800–63 900 and 324 000 people in Maine are estimated at risk of exposure to U (>30 μg/L) and Rn (>4000 pCi/L) in well water, respectively.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","publisherLocation":"Easton, PA","doi":"10.1021/es405020k","usgsCitation":"Yang, Q., Smitherman, P., Hess, C., Culbertson, C.W., Marvinney, R., and Zheng, Y., 2014, Uranium and radon in private bedrock well water in Maine: geospatial analysis at two scales: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 48, no. 8, p. 4298-4306, https://doi.org/10.1021/es405020k.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"4298","endPage":"4306","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-052124","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473008,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es405020k","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":288184,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288183,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es405020k"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maine","city":"Augusta","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.08,42.97 ], [ -71.08,47.46 ], [ -66.95,47.46 ], [ -66.95,42.97 ], [ -71.08,42.97 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"48","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5396d776e4b0f7580bc0a92a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yang, Qiang","contributorId":27362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Qiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smitherman, Paul","contributorId":56976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smitherman","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hess, C.T.","contributorId":39556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Culbertson, Charles W. cculbert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culbertson","given":"Charles","email":"cculbert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marvinney, Robert G.","contributorId":23070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvinney","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Zheng, Yan","contributorId":99046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Yan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7255,"text":"City University of New York, Queens College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":493975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70049028,"text":"fs20133108 - 2014 - Estimating magnitude and frequency of floods using the PeakFQ 7.0 program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-01T14:33:56","indexId":"fs20133108","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T14:14:26","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3108","title":"Estimating magnitude and frequency of floods using the PeakFQ 7.0 program","docAbstract":"Flood-frequency analysis provides information about the magnitude and frequency of flood discharges based on records of annual maximum instantaneous peak discharges collected at streamgages. The information is essential for defining flood-hazard areas, for managing floodplains, and for designing bridges, culverts, dams, levees, and other flood-control structures.
\n\nBulletin 17B (B17B) of the Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data (IACWD; 1982) codifies the standard methodology for conducting flood-frequency studies in the United States. B17B specifies that annual peak-flow data are to be fit to a log-Pearson Type III distribution. Specific methods are also prescribed for improving skew estimates using regional skew information, tests for high and low outliers, adjustments for low outliers and zero flows, and procedures for incorporating historical flood information.
\n\nThe authors of B17B identified various needs for methodological improvement and recommended additional study. In response to these needs, the Advisory Committee on Water Information (ACWI, successor to IACWD; http://acwi.gov/, Subcommittee on Hydrology (SOH), Hydrologic Frequency Analysis Work Group (HFAWG), has recommended modest changes to B17B. These changes include adoption of a generalized method-of-moments estimator denoted the Expected Moments Algorithm (EMA) (Cohn and others, 1997) and a generalized version of the Grubbs-Beck test for low outliers (Cohn and others, 2013). The SOH requested that the USGS implement these changes in a user-friendly, publicly accessible program.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133108","usgsCitation":"Veilleux, A.G., Cohn, T., Flynn, K.M., Mason, and Hummel, P.R., 2014, Estimating magnitude and frequency of floods using the PeakFQ 7.0 program: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3108, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133108.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049306","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133108.jpg"},{"id":286832,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3108/"},{"id":286833,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3108/pdf/fs2013-3108.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53635ecfe4b08180b01424fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veilleux, Andrea G. aveilleux@usgs.gov","contributorId":4404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veilleux","given":"Andrea","email":"aveilleux@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flynn, Kathleen M.","contributorId":43756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Kathleen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mason, Jr. 0000-0002-3998-3468 rrmason@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-3468","contributorId":2090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","suffix":"Jr.","email":"rrmason@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hummel, Paul R.","contributorId":58728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hummel","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70122360,"text":"70122360 - 2014 - Wind River subbasin restoration: U.S. Geological Survey annual report November 2012 through December 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T16:06:44","indexId":"70122360","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T10:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesNumber":"1998-019-00","title":"Wind River subbasin restoration: U.S. Geological Survey annual report November 2012 through December 2013","docAbstract":"The Wind River subbasin in southwest Washington State provides habitat for a population of wild Lower Columbia River steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss. There have been no hatchery steelhead planted in the Wind River subbasin since 1994, and hatchery adults are estimated to be less than one percent of adults in any year (pers comm. Thomas Buehrens, Washington Department of Fish and Wilflife). We used Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT)-tagging and a series of instream PIT-tag interrogation systems (PTIS) to investigate life-histories, populations, and efficacy of habitat restoration actions for these steelhead. Data from our study, and companion work by Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW), will contribute to Bonneville Power Administration’s (BPA) Research Monitoring and Evaluation (RM&E) Program Strategy of Fish Population Status Monitoring (www.cbfish.org/ProgramStrategy.mvc/ViewProgramStrategySummary/1), specifically the sub-strategies of: 1) Assessing the Status and Trends of Diversity of Natural Origin Fish Populations and to uncertainties research regarding differing life histories of a wild steelhead population, 2) Assessing the Status and Trend of Adult Natural Origin Fish Populations, and 3) Monitoring and Evaluating the Effectiveness of Tributary Habitat Actions Relative to Environmental, Physical, or Biological Performance Objectives.
\nDuring summer 2013, we PIT-tagged parr steelhead in headwater areas of the Wind River subbasin to investigate variable life-histories, specifically to compare fate of those juvenile steelhead that move downstream prior to smolting with those that remain in their natal areas until smolting. A series of instream PTISs monitored movement of these fish. Detections at the instream PTISs showed trends of parr emigration during summer and fall, in addition to the expected movement of parr and smolts in spring. Long-term monitoring of PIT-tagged fish over multiple years will provide information on contribution of various life-history strategies to smolt production and adult returns, as well as helping to identify factors influencing parr movement.
\nMovements of PIT-tagged adult steelhead were tracked with our instream PTISs. These data have provided information on timing of adult movements to various parts of the watershed, which is allowing us to assess adult returns to tributary watersheds within the Wind River subbasin. Determination of adult use of tributary watersheds has provided data that will contribute to evaluating the efficacy of the removal of Hemlock Dam from Trout Creek. Hemlock Dam, located at rkm 2.0 of Trout Creek was removed in summer 2009 and had contributed to hydrologic impairment of Trout Creek.
\nEvaluating restoration efforts is of interest to many managers and agencies so that funding and time are allocated for best results. The evaluation of various life-histories of Lower Columbia River steelhead within the Wind River subbasin will provide information to better track populations, and to direct habitat restoration and water allocation planning. Increasingly detailed Viable Salmonid Population information, such as that provided by PIT-tagging and instream PTISs networks like those we are building and operating in the Wind River subbasin, will provide data to inform policy and management, as life-history strategies and production bottlenecks are identified and understood.
","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration","collaboration":"This report was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), U.S. Department of Energy, as part of BPA's program to protect, mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife affected by the development and operation of hydroelectric facilities on the Columbia River and its tributaries.","usgsCitation":"Jezorek, I.G., and Connolly, P., 2014, Wind River subbasin restoration: U.S. Geological Survey annual report November 2012 through December 2013, 45 p.","productDescription":"45 p.","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-11-01","temporalEnd":"2013-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-055076","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":294309,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":320575,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pisces.bpa.gov/release/documents/documentviewer.aspx?doc=P138064","text":"Report","size":"715.13 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Wind River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.963568,45.751448 ], [ -121.963568,45.969903 ], [ -121.787086,45.969903 ], [ -121.787086,45.751448 ], [ -121.963568,45.751448 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5422bb3ce4b08312ac7cf131","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jezorek, Ian G. 0000-0002-3842-3485 ijezorek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3842-3485","contributorId":3572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jezorek","given":"Ian","email":"ijezorek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, Patrick J. 0000-0001-7365-7618 pconnolly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7365-7618","contributorId":2920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"Patrick J.","email":"pconnolly@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123166,"text":"70123166 - 2014 - Mercury in the national parks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-14T15:49:53","indexId":"70123166","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T10:46:18","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3561,"text":"The George Wright Forum","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury in the national parks","docAbstract":"One thing is certain: Even for trained researchers, predicting mercury’s behavior in the \nenvironment is challenging. Fundamentally it is one of 98 naturally occurring elements, with \nnatural sources, such as volcanoes, and concentrated ore deposits, such as cinnabar. Yet there \nare also human-caused sources, such as emissions from both coal-burning power plants and \nmining operations for gold and silver. There are elemental forms, inorganic or organic forms, \nreactive and unreactive species. Mercury is emitted, then deposited, then re-emitted—thus \nearning its mercurial reputation. Most importantly, however, it is ultimately transferred into \nfood chains through processes fueled by tiny microscopic creatures: bacteria.","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","publisherLocation":"Hancock, MI","usgsCitation":"Pritz, C.F., Eagles-Smith, C.A., and Krabbenhoft, D., 2014, Mercury in the national parks: The George Wright Forum, v. 31, no. 2, p. 168-180.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"168","endPage":"180","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-056652","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293376,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 173.0,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,71.833333 ], [ -66.95,16.916667 ], [ 173.0,16.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a74fbe4b01535cb427917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pritz, Colleen Flanagan","contributorId":67422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritz","given":"Colleen","email":"","middleInitial":"Flanagan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David","contributorId":92538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70004250,"text":"70004250 - 2014 - Desert wetlands in the geologic record","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-29T09:20:19","indexId":"70004250","displayToPublicDate":"2014-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1431,"text":"Earth-Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Desert wetlands in the geologic record","docAbstract":"Desert wetlands support flora and fauna in a variety of hydrologic settings, including seeps, springs, marshes, wet meadows, ponds, and spring pools. Over time, eolian, alluvial, and fluvial sediments become trapped in these settings by a combination of wet ground conditions and dense plant cover. The result is a unique combination of clastic sediments, chemical precipitates, and organic matter that is preserved in the geologic record as ground-water discharge (GWD) deposits. GWD deposits contain information on the timing and magnitude of past changes in water-table levels and, therefore, are a potential source of paleohydrologic and paleoclimatic information. In addition, they can be important archeological and paleontological archives because desert wetlands provide reliable sources of fresh water, and thus act as focal points for human and faunal activities, in some of the world's harshest and driest lands. Here, we review some of the physical, sedimentological, and geochemical characteristics common to GWD deposits, and provide a contextual framework that researchers can use to identify and interpret geologic deposits associated with desert wetlands. We discuss several lines of evidence used to differentiate GWD deposits from lake deposits (they are commonly confused), and examine how various types of microbiota and depositional facies aid in reconstructing past environmental and hydrologic conditions. We also review how late Quaternary GWD deposits are dated, as well as methods used to investigate desert wetlands deeper in geologic time. We end by evaluating the strengths and limitations of hydrologic and climatic records derived from GWD deposits, and suggest several avenues of potential future research to further develop and utilize these unique and complex systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.02.001","usgsCitation":"Pigati, J.S., Rech, J.A., Quade, J., and Bright, J., 2014, Desert wetlands in the geologic record: Earth-Science Reviews, v. 132, p. 67-81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.02.001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"81","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022854","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"132","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b71e4b08de9379b3392","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Edwards, L.","contributorId":91976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519955,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Springer, A.","contributorId":121535,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Springer","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":519956,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Pigati, Jeff S.","contributorId":60114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":512910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rech, Jason A.","contributorId":30730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rech","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":512912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quade, Jay","contributorId":22108,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quade","given":"Jay","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":512909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bright, Jordon","contributorId":63981,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bright","given":"Jordon","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":512911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70103170,"text":"sir20145035 - 2014 - U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Carlsbad, New Mexico, April 29-May 2, 2014","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-26T12:40:18","indexId":"sir20145035","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-29T14:56:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5035","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Carlsbad, New Mexico, April 29-May 2, 2014","docAbstract":"Karst aquifer systems are present throughout parts of the United States and some of its territories, and have developed in carbonate rocks (primarily limestone and dolomite) that span an interval of time encompassing more than 550 million years. The depositional environments, diagenetic processes, post-depositional tectonic events, and geochemical weathering processes that form karst aquifers are varied and complex, and involve biological, chemical, and physical changes. These factors, combined with the diverse climatic regimes under which karst development in these rocks has taken place, result in the unique dual- or triple-porosity nature of karst aquifers. These complex hydrogeologic systems typically represent challenging and unique conditions to scientists attempting to study groundwater flow and contaminant transport in these terrains.
The dissolution of carbonate rocks and the subsequent development of distinct and beautiful landscapes, caverns, and springs has resulted in the most exceptional karst areas of the United States being designated as national or state parks; commercial caverns and known privately owned caves number in the tens of thousands. Both public and private properties provide access for scientists to study the flow of groundwater in situ. Likewise, the range and complexity of landforms and groundwater flow systems associated with karst terrains are enormous, perhaps more than for any other aquifer type. Karst aquifers and landscapes that form in tropical areas, such as the cockpit karst along the north coast of Puerto Rico, differ greatly from karst landforms in more arid climates, such as the Edwards Plateau in west-central Texas or the Guadalupe Mountains near Carlsbad, New Mexico, where hypogenic processes have played a major role in speleogenesis. Many of these public and private lands also contain unique flora and fauna associated with these karst hydrogeologic systems. As a result, numerous federal, state, and local agencies have a strong interest in the study of karst terrains.
Many of the major springs and aquifers in the United States have developed in carbonate rocks, such as the Floridan aquifer system in Florida and parts of Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina; the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system in parts of Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma; and the Edwards-Trinity aquifer system in west-central Texas. These aquifers, and the springs that discharge from them, serve as major water-supply sources and as unique ecological habitats. Competition for the water resources of karst aquifers is common, and urban development and the lack of attenuation of contaminants in karst areas can impact the ecosystem and water quality of these aquifers.
The concept for developing a platform for interaction among scientists within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) working on karst-related studies evolved from the November 1999 National Ground-Water Meeting of the USGS. As a result, the Karst Interest Group (KIG) was formed in 2000. The KIG is a loose-knit, grass-roots organization of USGS and non-USGS scientists and researchers devoted to fostering better communication among scientists working on, or interested in, karst science. The primary mission of the KIG is to encourage and support interdisciplinary collaboration and technology transfer among scientists working in karst areas. Additionally, the KIG encourages collaborative studies between the different mission areas of the USGS as well as other federal and state agencies, and with researchers from academia and institutes. The KIG also encourages younger scientists by participation of students in the poster and oral sessions.
To accomplish its mission, the KIG has organized a series of workshops that are held near nationally important karst areas. To date (2014) six KIG workshops, including the workshop documented in this report, have been held. The workshops typically include oral and poster sessions on selected karst-related topics and research, as well as field trips to local karst features. Proceedings of the workshops are published by the USGS and are available online at http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/karst/kig.
The first KIG workshop was held in St. Petersburg, Florida, February 13–16, 2001, in the vicinity of the large springs and other karst features of the Floridan aquifer system. The second KIG workshop was held August 20–22, 2002, in Shepherdstown, West Virginia, in proximity to the carbonate aquifers of the northern Shenandoah Valley and highlighted an invited presentation on karst literature by the late Barry F. Beck of P.E. LaMoreaux and Associates. The third KIG workshop was held September 12–15, 2005, in Rapid City, South Dakota, nearby to karst features in evaporites and limestones of the Madison Group in the Black Hills of South Dakota, including Wind Cave National Park and Jewel Cave National Monument. The workshop also included a featured presentation by Thomas Casadevall, Central Region Director, USGS, on the status of earth science at the USGS and evening trips to Jewel Cave led by Mike Wiles, National Park Service (NPS) and Wind Cave led by Rod Horrocks, NPS. The fourth KIG workshop was held May 27–29, 2008, and hosted by the Hoffman Environmental Research Institute and Center for Cave and Karst Studies at Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, Kentucky, near Mammoth Cave National Park and karst features of the Chester Upland and Pennyroyal Plateau. The workshop featured a late-night field trip into Mammoth Cave with Rickard Toomey and Rick Olsen, NPS. The fifth workshop was held April 26–29, 2011, and was a joint meeting of the USGS KIG and University of Arkansas HydroDays, hosted by the Department of Geosciences at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. The workshop featured an outstanding field trip to the unique karst terrain along the Buffalo National River of the southern Ozarks and a keynote presentation on paleokarst in the United States by Art and Peggy Palmer.
This sixth and current 2014 KIG workshop is hosted by the National Cave and Karst Research Institute (NCKRI) in Carlsbad, New Mexico, with Director of NCKRI, George Veni, serving as co-chair of the workshop with Eve Kuniansky, USGS. The session planning committee for this sixth workshop includes Van Brahana, USGS retired and University of Arkansas Professor Emeritus; Tom Byl, USGS and Tennessee State University; Zelda Bailey, former Director of NCKRI and retired Director, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder Laboratory, Colorado; Patrick Tucci, USGS retired; and Mike Bradley, Allan Clark, Geoff Delin, Daniel Doctor, James Kaufmann, Eve Kuniansky, Randy Orndorff, Larry Spangler, and Dave Weary of the USGS. The karst hydrology field trip on Thursday will be led by Lewis Land (NCKRI karst hydrologist) and the optional Friday field trip on the geology of Carlsbad Caverns National Park will be led by George Veni. The keynote speaker is Dr. Penelope Boston, Director of Cave and Karst Studies at New Mexico Tech, Socorro, and Academic Director at NCKRI, who will address the future of karst research. Additionally, there is a featured presentation “Irish karst and its management,” by Caoimhe Hickey, The Geological Survey of Ireland, preceding a panel discussion on “Collaboration During Times of Limited Resources.”
The extended abstracts of USGS authors were peer reviewed and approved for publication by the U.S. Geological Survey. Articles submitted by university researchers and other federal and state agencies did not go through the formal USGS peer review and approval process, and therefore may not adhere to our editorial standards or stratigraphic nomenclature and is not research conducted or data collected by the USGS. However, all articles had at a minimum of two peer reviews, and all articles were edited for consistency of appearance in the published Proceedings. The use of trade, firm or product names in any article is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. The USGS, Office of Groundwater, provides technical support for the Karst Interest Group website and public availability of the Proceedings from these workshops, and the USGS Groundwater Resources Program funds the publication costs. Finally, the cover illustration is the work of Ann Tihansky, USGS, used since the first KIG workshop in 2000.
","conferenceTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings","conferenceDate":"April 29 - May 2, 2014","conferenceLocation":"Carlsbad, NM","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145035","collaboration":"A product of the Groundwater Resources Program. Prepared in cooperation with the National Cave and Karst Research Institute","usgsCitation":"Kuniansky, E.L., and Spangler, L.E., 2014, U.S. Geological Survey Karst Interest Group Proceedings, Carlsbad, New Mexico, April 29-May 2, 2014: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5035, iv, 155 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145035.","productDescription":"iv, 155 p.","numberOfPages":"162","ipdsId":"IP-054730","costCenters":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286782,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5035/sir2014-5035.pdf"},{"id":286783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145035.jpg"},{"id":286773,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5035/"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5360bbd2e4b082a3ecf53dce","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509842,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509843,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Kuniansky, Eve L. 0000-0002-5581-0225 elkunian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5581-0225","contributorId":932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuniansky","given":"Eve","email":"elkunian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, Lawrence E. 0000-0003-3928-8809 spangler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-8809","contributorId":973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Lawrence","email":"spangler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70099264,"text":"ofr20141062 - 2014 - Groundwater and surface-water resources in the Bureau of Land Management Moab Master Leasing Plan area and adjacent areas, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T15:21:16","indexId":"ofr20141062","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T13:27:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1062","title":"Groundwater and surface-water resources in the Bureau of Land Management Moab Master Leasing Plan area and adjacent areas, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Canyon Country District Office is preparing a leasing plan known as the Moab Master Leasing Plan (Moab MLP) for oil, gas, and potash mineral rights in an area encompassing 946,469 acres in southeastern Utah. The BLM has identified water resources as being potentially affected by oil, gas, and potash development and has requested that the U.S. Geological Survey prepare a summary of existing water-resources information for the Moab MLP area. This report includes a summary and synthesis of previous and ongoing investigations conducted in the Moab MLP and adjacent areas in Utah and Colorado from the early 1930s through the late 2000s.
Eight principal aquifers and six confining units were identified within the study area. Permeability is a function of both the primary permeability from interstitial pore connectivity and secondary permeability created by karst features or faults and fractures. Vertical hydraulic connection generally is restricted to strongly folded and fractured zones, which are concentrated along steeply dipping monoclines and in narrow regions encompassing igneous and salt intrusive masses. Several studies have identified both an upper and lower aquifer system separated by the Pennsylvanian age Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation evaporite, which is considered a confining unit and is present throughout large parts of the study area.
Surface-water resources of the study area are dominated by the Colorado River. Several perennial and ephemeral or intermittent tributaries join the Colorado River as it flows from northeast to southwest across the study area. An annual spring snowmelt and runoff event dominates the hydrology of streams draining mountainous parts of the study area, and most perennial streams in the study area are snowmelt-dominated. A bimodal distribution is observed in hydrographs from some sites with a late-spring snowmelt-runoff peak followed by smaller peaks of shorter duration during the late summer. The large regional streams (Colorado, Green, and Dolores Rivers) integrate the regional hydrologic partitioning of a very large contributing area and, therefore, the hydrographs for these streams are much more smooth and consistent. Several streams throughout the study area are considered impaired and do not meet the standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency for specific designated-use classifications.
Limited data are available to quantitatively estimate the large-scale regional groundwater budget for the study area. Previous studies have estimated groundwater budgets for areas in and adjacent to the current study area, namely Moab-Spanish Valley and parts of the Paradox Basin. Most groundwater recharge to the study area originates as infiltration of precipitation from upland areas and is further enhanced in areas covered with sandy soils or in areas where the bedrock is highly fractured. Additional groundwater recharge occurs as seepage from streams and irrigation water, and as subsurface inflow, both vertically between aquifers and as lateral movement into the study area. Groundwater discharge occurs as seepage to streams, evapotranspiration, to springs and seeps, well withdrawals; and as subsurface outflow, both vertically between aquifers and as lateral movement out of the study area across its defined boundaries. Groundwater use in the study area was determined using data from the Utah Division of Water Rights. Most wells in the study area are categorized as having multiple uses.
Mean specific-conductance values for groundwater from wells and springs in the study area range from 101 to 220,000 microsiemens per centimeter at 25° C (μS/cm); most of the wells or springs have mean specific-conductance values of less than or equal to 1,000 μS/cm. Previously reported total dissolved-solids concentrations, specific conductances, and other groundwater-quality data for each of the principal aquifers indicate relative freshwater throughout the study area, except within the lower aquifer system and areas in contact with the Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation evaporites.
There is limited information on the resource availability of brines and saline groundwater in the study area. Total dissolved-solids concentrations typically are high (greater than 35,000 milligrams per liter) in groundwater from, or in contact with, the Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation. Total dissolved-solids concentrations also are high in groundwater samples collected from the lower aquifer system. Because the Paradox Member of the Hermosa Formation is considered a barrier to vertical groundwater flow, most of the brine and saline groundwater resources are restricted to the lower aquifer system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Masbruch, M.D., and Shope, C.L., 2014, Groundwater and surface-water resources in the Bureau of Land Management Moab Master Leasing Plan area and adjacent areas, Grand and San Juan Counties, Utah, and Mesa and Montrose Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1062, vi, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141062.","productDescription":"vi, 85 p.","numberOfPages":"96","ipdsId":"IP-049251","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286539,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141062.jpg"},{"id":286529,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1062/"},{"id":286538,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1062/pdf/ofr2014-1062.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Utah","county":"Grand County, Mesa County, Montrose County, San Juan County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.16,37.66 ], [ -110.16,39.5 ], [ -108.5,39.5 ], [ -108.5,37.66 ], [ -110.16,37.66 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b681ee4b0519b31c21b5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masbruch, Melissa D. 0000-0001-6568-160X mmasbruch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6568-160X","contributorId":1902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masbruch","given":"Melissa","email":"mmasbruch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shope, Christopher L. cshope@usgs.gov","contributorId":5016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shope","given":"Christopher","email":"cshope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70102888,"text":"70102888 - 2014 - Utilizing dimensional analysis with observed data to determine the significance of hydrodynamic solutions in coastal hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-25T09:34:03","indexId":"70102888","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-25T09:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1310,"text":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utilizing dimensional analysis with observed data to determine the significance of hydrodynamic solutions in coastal hydrology","docAbstract":"In this paper, the authors present an analysis of the magnitude of the temporal and spatial acceleration (inertial) terms in the surface-water flow equations and determine the conditions under which these inertial terms have sufficient magnitude to be required in the computations. Data from two South Florida field sites are examined and the relative magnitudes of temporal acceleration, spatial acceleration, and the gravity and friction terms are compared. Parameters are derived by using dimensionless numbers and applied to quantify the significance of the hydrodynamic effects. The time series of the ratio of the inertial and gravity terms from field sites are presented and compared with both a simplified indicator parameter and a more complex parameter called the Hydrodynamic Significance Number (HSN). Two test-case models were developed by using the SWIFT2D hydrodynamic simulator to examine flow behavior with and without the inertial terms and compute the HSN. The first model represented one of the previously-mentioned field sites during gate operations of a structure-managed coastal canal. The second model was a synthetic test case illustrating the drainage of water down a sloped surface from an initial stage while under constant flow. The analyses indicate that the times of substantial hydrodynamic effects are sporadic but significant. The simplified indicator parameter correlates much better with the hydrodynamic effect magnitude for a constant width channel such as Miami Canal than at the non-uniform North River. Higher HSN values indicate flow situations where the inertial terms are large and need to be taken into account.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Scientific Research Publishing Inc.","doi":"10.4236/cweee.2014.32008","usgsCitation":"Swain, E.D., Decker, J.D., and Hughes, J.D., 2014, Utilizing dimensional analysis with observed data to determine the significance of hydrodynamic solutions in coastal hydrology: Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering, v. 3, no. 2, p. 57-77, https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2014.32008.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"77","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-052944","costCenters":[{"id":285,"text":"Florida Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473040,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2014.32008","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":286594,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286570,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cweee.2014.32008"},{"id":286591,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=45365"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Miami Canal;North River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.4993,24.9985 ], [ -81.4993,26.0667 ], [ -79.9915,26.0667 ], [ -79.9915,24.9985 ], [ -81.4993,24.9985 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"3","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535b6927e4b0519b31c22071","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swain, Eric D. 0000-0001-7168-708X edswain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":1538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","email":"edswain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy D. 0000-0002-0700-515X jdecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0700-515X","contributorId":514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","email":"jdecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":269,"text":"FLWSC-Ft. Lauderdale","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70102825,"text":"70102825 - 2014 - Placing prairie pothole wetlands along spatial and temporal continua to improve integration of wetland function in ecological investigations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-23T10:50:54","indexId":"70102825","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T13:45:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Placing prairie pothole wetlands along spatial and temporal continua to improve integration of wetland function in ecological investigations","docAbstract":"We evaluated the efficacy of using chemical characteristics to rank wetland relation to surface and groundwater along a hydrologic continuum ranging from groundwater recharge to groundwater discharge. We used 27 years (1974–2002) of water chemistry data from 15 prairie pothole wetlands and known hydrologic connections of these wetlands to groundwater to evaluate spatial and temporal patterns in chemical characteristics that correspond to the unique ecosystem functions each wetland performed. Due to the mineral content and the low permeability rate of glacial till and soils, salinity of wetland waters increased along a continuum of wetland relation to groundwater recharge, flow-through or discharge. Mean inter-annual specific conductance (a proxy for salinity) increased along this continuum from wetlands that recharge groundwater being fresh to wetlands that receive groundwater discharge being the most saline, and wetlands that both recharge and discharge to groundwater (i.e., groundwater flow-through wetlands) being of intermediate salinity. The primary axis from a principal component analysis revealed that specific conductance (and major ions affecting conductance) explained 71% of the variation in wetland chemistry over the 27 years of this investigation. We found that long-term averages from this axis were useful to identify a wetland’s long-term relation to surface and groundwater. Yearly or seasonal measurements of specific conductance can be less definitive because of highly dynamic inter- and intra-annual climate cycles that affect water volumes and the interaction of groundwater and geologic materials, and thereby influence the chemical composition of wetland waters. The influence of wetland relation to surface and groundwater on water chemistry has application in many scientific disciplines and is especially needed to improve ecological understanding in wetland investigations. We suggest ways that monitoring in situ wetland conditions could be linked with evolving remote sensing technology to improve our ability to better inform decisions affecting wetland sustainability and provide periodic inventories of wetland ecosystem services to document temporal trends in wetland function and how they respond to contemporary land-use change.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.006","usgsCitation":"Euliss, N.H., Mushet, D.M., Newton, W.E., Otto, C., Nelson, R., LaBaugh, J.W., Scherff, E.J., and Rosenberry, D.O., 2014, Placing prairie pothole wetlands along spatial and temporal continua to improve integration of wetland function in ecological investigations: Journal of Hydrology, v. 513, p. 490-503, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.006.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"490","endPage":"503","ipdsId":"IP-052963","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286537,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.04.006"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole Region","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99.4814,46.6299 ], [ -99.4814,47.3272 ], [ -98.4387,47.3272 ], [ -98.4387,46.6299 ], [ -99.4814,46.6299 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"513","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a2450e4b0d0864496272b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euliss, Ned H. Jr. ceuliss@usgs.gov","contributorId":2916,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Euliss","given":"Ned","suffix":"Jr.","email":"ceuliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mushet, David M. 0000-0002-5910-2744 dmushet@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5910-2744","contributorId":1299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mushet","given":"David","email":"dmushet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Otto, Clint R.V.","contributorId":102794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otto","given":"Clint R.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nelson, Richard D.","contributorId":55338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Scherff, Eric J. escherff@usgs.gov","contributorId":4390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scherff","given":"Eric","email":"escherff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":493034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70099210,"text":"sir20145048 - 2014 - Sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin, 1966-2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T12:35:15","indexId":"sir20145048","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T12:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5048","title":"Sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin, 1966-2013","docAbstract":"San Antonio and surrounding municipalities in Bexar County, Texas, are in a rapidly urbanizing region in the San Antonio River Basin. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and the Texas Water Development Board, compiled historical sediment data collected between 1996 and 2004 and collected suspended-sediment and bedload samples over a range of hydrologic conditions in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Tex., and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin during 2011–13. In the suspended-sediment samples collected during 2011–13, an average of about 94 percent of the particles was less than 0.0625 millimeter (silt and clay sized particles); the 50 samples for which a complete sediment-size analysis was performed indicated that an average of about 69 percent of the particles was less than 0.002 millimeter. In the bedload samples collected during 2011–13, an average of 51 percent of sediment particles was sand-sized particles in the 0.25–0.5 millimeter-size range. In general, the loads calculated from the samples indicated that bedload typically composed less than 1 percent of the total sediment load. A least-squares log-linear regression was developed between suspended-sediment concentration and instantaneous streamflow and was used to estimate daily mean suspended-sediment loads based on daily mean streamflow. The daily mean suspended-sediment loads computed for each of the sites indicated that during 2011–12, the majority of the suspended-sediment loads originated upstream from the streamflow-gaging station on the San Antonio River near Elmendorf, Tex. A linear regression relation was developed between turbidity and suspended-sediment concentration data collected at the San Antonio River near Elmendorf site because the high-resolution data can facilitate understanding of the complex suspended-sediment dynamics over time and throughout the river basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145048","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority and the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Crow, C.L., Banta, J., and Opsahl, S.P., 2014, Sediment characteristics in the San Antonio River Basin downstream from San Antonio, Texas, and at a site on the Guadalupe River downstream from the San Antonio River Basin, 1966-2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5048, Report: v, 33 p.; Appendixes 1-3, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145048.","productDescription":"Report: v, 33 p.; Appendixes 1-3","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-054254","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286531,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145048.jpg"},{"id":286528,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5048/downloads/sir2014-5048_app1-3.xlsx"},{"id":286527,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5048/pdf/sir2014-5048.pdf"},{"id":286523,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5048/"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator, zone 14","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -99,28.5 ], [ -99,29.66 ], [ -96.64,29.66 ], [ -96.64,28.5 ], [ -99,28.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"535a2450e4b0d0864496272f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crow, Cassi L. 0000-0002-1279-2485 ccrow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-2485","contributorId":1666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crow","given":"Cassi","email":"ccrow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banta, J. Ryan 0000-0002-2226-7270","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2226-7270","contributorId":78863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"J. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Opsahl, Stephen P. 0000-0002-4774-0415 sopsahl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4774-0415","contributorId":4713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Opsahl","given":"Stephen","email":"sopsahl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170468,"text":"70170468 - 2014 - Field-scale sulfur hexafluoride tracer experiment to understand long distance gas transport in the deep unsaturated zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:25:40","indexId":"70170468","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-24T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3674,"text":"Vadose Zone Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field-scale sulfur hexafluoride tracer experiment to understand long distance gas transport in the deep unsaturated zone","docAbstract":"A gas-tracer test in a deep arid unsaturated zone demonstrates that standard estimates of effective diffusivity from sediment properties allow a reasonable first-cut assessment of gas contaminant transport. Apparent anomalies in historic transport behavior at this and other waste disposal sites may result from factors other than nonreactive gas transport properties.
\nA natural gradient SF6 tracer experiment provided an unprecedented evaluation of long distance gas transport in the deep unsaturated zone (UZ) under controlled (known) conditions. The field-scale gas tracer test in the 110-m-thick UZ was conducted at the U.S. Geological Survey’s Amargosa Desert Research Site (ADRS) in southwestern Nevada. A history of anomalous (theoretically unexpected) contaminant gas transport observed at the ADRS, next to the first commercial low-level radioactive waste disposal facility in the United States, provided motivation for the SF6 tracer study. Tracer was injected into a deep UZ borehole at depths of 15 and 48 m, and plume migration was observed in a monitoring borehole 9 m away at various depths (0.5–109 m) over the course of 1 yr. Tracer results yielded useful information about gas transport as applicable to the spatial scales of interest for off-site contaminant transport in arid unsaturated zones. Modeling gas diffusion with standard empirical expressions reasonably explained SF6 plume migration, but tended to underpredict peak concentrations for the field-scale experiment given previously determined porosity information. Despite some discrepancies between observations and model results, rapid SF6 gas transport commensurate with previous contaminant migration was not observed. The results provide ancillary support for the concept that apparent anomalies in historic transport behavior at the ADRS are the result of factors other than nonreactive gas transport properties or processes currently in effect in the undisturbed UZ.
","language":"English","publisher":"Soil Science Society of America","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2136/vzj2014.04.0045","usgsCitation":"Walvoord, M.A., Andraski, B.J., Green, C.T., Stonestrom, D.A., and Striegl, R.G., 2014, Field-scale sulfur hexafluoride tracer experiment to understand long distance gas transport in the deep unsaturated zone: Vadose Zone Journal, v. 13, no. 8, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2014.04.0045.","productDescription":"10 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-056435","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488435,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2014.04.0045","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":320401,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.2076416015625,\n 37.004746084814784\n ],\n [\n -117.20489501953125,\n 36.00911716117325\n ],\n [\n -115.99365234375,\n 36.00467348670187\n ],\n [\n -115.99639892578125,\n 36.758690821098426\n ],\n [\n -116.49627685546874,\n 36.756490329505176\n ],\n [\n -116.49902343749999,\n 37.00693943418586\n ],\n [\n -117.2076416015625,\n 37.004746084814784\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"13","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"571b4b2ee4b071321fe31c74","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle Ann 0000-0003-4269-8366 walvoord@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":147211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"walvoord@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Andraski, Brian J. 0000-0002-2086-0417 andraski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2086-0417","contributorId":168800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andraski","given":"Brian","email":"andraski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38175,"text":"Toxics Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Green, Christopher T. 0000-0002-6480-8194 ctgreen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-8194","contributorId":1343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"Christopher","email":"ctgreen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stonestrom, David A. 0000-0001-7883-3385 dastones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7883-3385","contributorId":2280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stonestrom","given":"David","email":"dastones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":627335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70102305,"text":"70102305 - 2014 - Analysis and simulation of propagule dispersal and salinity intrusion from storm surge on the movement of a marsh–mangrove ecotone in South Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T13:33:21","indexId":"70102305","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T11:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis and simulation of propagule dispersal and salinity intrusion from storm surge on the movement of a marsh–mangrove ecotone in South Florida","docAbstract":"Coastal mangrove–freshwater marsh ecotones of the Everglades represent transitions between marine salt-tolerant halophytic and freshwater salt-intolerant glycophytic communities. It is hypothesized here that a self-reinforcing feedback, termed a “vegetation switch,” between vegetation and soil salinity, helps maintain the sharp mangrove–marsh ecotone. A general theoretical implication of the switch mechanism is that the ecotone will be stable to small disturbances but vulnerable to rapid regime shifts from large disturbances, such as storm surges, which could cause large spatial displacements of the ecotone. We develop a simulation model to describe the vegetation switch mechanism. The model couples vegetation dynamics and hydrologic processes. The key factors in the model are the amount of salt-water intrusion into the freshwater wetland and the passive transport of mangrove (e.g., Rhizophora mangle) viviparous seeds or propagules. Results from the model simulations indicate that a regime shift from freshwater marsh to mangroves is sensitive to the duration of soil salinization through storm surge overwash and to the density of mangrove propagules or seedlings transported into the marsh. We parameterized our model with empirical hydrologic data collected from the period 2000–2010 at one mangrove–marsh ecotone location in southwestern Florida to forecast possible long-term effects of Hurricane Wilma (24 October 2005). The model indicated that the effects of that storm surge were too weak to trigger a regime shift at the sites we studied, 50 km south of the Hurricane Wilma eyewall, but simulations with more severe artificial disturbances were capable of causing substantial regime shifts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuaries and Coasts","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12237-013-9666-4","usgsCitation":"Jiang, J., DeAngelis, D., Anderson, G.H., and Smith, T.J., 2014, Analysis and simulation of propagule dispersal and salinity intrusion from storm surge on the movement of a marsh–mangrove ecotone in South Florida: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 37, no. 1, p. 24-35, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9666-4.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"24","endPage":"35","ipdsId":"IP-041564","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286514,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286506,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9666-4"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Harney River","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578150e4b0938066bc816f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jiang, Jiang","contributorId":46838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jiang","given":"Jiang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeAngelis, Donald L. 0000-0002-1570-4057","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4057","contributorId":88015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelis","given":"Donald L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Gordon H. 0000-0003-1675-8329 gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1675-8329","contributorId":2771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Gordon","email":"gordon_anderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Thomas J. III tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","contributorId":1615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Thomas","suffix":"III","email":"tom_j_smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102391,"text":"70102391 - 2014 - Effect of light on biodegradation of Estrone, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethinylestradiol in stream sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:48:18","indexId":"70102391","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T11:21:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of light on biodegradation of Estrone, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethinylestradiol in stream sediment","docAbstract":"Biodegradation of [A-ring 14C] Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) to 14CO2 was investigated under light and dark conditions in microcosms containing epilithon or sediment collected from Boulder Creek, Colorado. Mineralization of the estrogen A-ring was observed in all sediment treatments, but not epilithon treatments. No difference in net mineralization between light and dark treatments was observed for 14C-E2. Net mineralization of 14C-E1 and 14C-EE2 was enhanced in light treatments. Extents of 14CO2 accumulation and rates of mineralization were significantly greater for E2 than E1 under dark conditions, but were comparable under light conditions. These results indicate substantial differences in the uptake and metabolism of E1 and E2 in the environment and suggest biorecalcitrance of E1 relative to E2 in light-limited environments. The extent of 14CO2 accumulation and rate of mineralization for EE2 in dark treatments were less than half of that observed for E2 and generally lower than for E1, consistent with previous reports of EE2 biorecalcitrance. However, 14CO2 accumulation and rates of mineralization were comparable for EE2, E2, and E1 under light conditions. These results indicate photoactivation and/or phototransformation/photodegradation processes can substantially enhance heterotrophic biodegradation of estrogens in sunlit environments and may play an important role in estrogen transport and attenuation.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12157","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., and Writer, J.H., 2014, Effect of light on biodegradation of Estrone, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethinylestradiol in stream sediment: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 2, p. 334-342, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12157.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"334","endPage":"342","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-045604","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286499,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12157"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","city":"Boulder","otherGeospatial":"Boulder Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.4775,39.9293 ], [ -105.4775,40.2 ], [ -104.9791,40.2 ], [ -104.9791,39.9293 ], [ -105.4775,39.9293 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578153e4b0938066bc817f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70102388,"text":"70102388 - 2014 - Assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals attenuation in a coastal plain stream prior to wastewater treatment plant closure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:47:35","indexId":"70102388","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-22T10:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals attenuation in a coastal plain stream prior to wastewater treatment plant closure","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is conducting a combined pre/post-closure assessment at a long-term wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) site at Fort Gordon near Augusta, Georgia. Here, we assess select endocrine-active chemicals and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure prior to closure of the WWTP. Substantial downstream transport and limited instream attenuation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) was observed in Spirit Creek over a 2.2-km stream segment downstream of the WWTP outfall. A modest decline (less than 20% in all cases) in surface water detections was observed with increasing distance downstream of the WWTP and attributed to partitioning to the sediment. Estrogens detected in surface water in this study included estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3). The 5 ng/l and higher mean estrogen concentrations observed in downstream locations indicated that the potential for endocrine disruption was substantial. Concentrations of alkylphenol ethoxylate (APE) metabolite EDCs also remained statistically elevated above levels observed at the upstream control site. Wastewater-derived pharmaceutical and APE metabolites were detected in the outflow of Spirit Lake, indicating the potential for EDC transport to aquatic ecosystems downstream of Fort Gordon. The results indicate substantial EDC occurrence, downstream transport, and persistence under continuous supply conditions and provide a baseline for a rare evaluation of ecosystem response to WWTP closure.","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","publisherLocation":"Herndon, VA","doi":"10.1111/jawr.12165","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., and Journey, C.A., 2014, Assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals attenuation in a coastal plain stream prior to wastewater treatment plant closure: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 50, no. 2, p. 388-400, https://doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12165.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"388","endPage":"400","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-052310","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286501,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286490,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jawr.12165"}],"projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Augusta","otherGeospatial":"Fort Gordon;Spirit Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.400191,33.248398 ], [ -82.400191,33.501428 ], [ -81.997937,33.501428 ], [ -81.997937,33.248398 ], [ -82.400191,33.248398 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578152e4b0938066bc8173","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":492982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70100406,"text":"sir20145060 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the Mississinewa River at Marion, Indiana, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-16T10:29:28","indexId":"sir20145060","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-21T15:03:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5060","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the Mississinewa River at Marion, Indiana, 2013","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for a 9-mile (mi) reach of the Mississinewa River from 0.75 mi upstream from the Pennsylvania Street bridge in Marion, Indiana, to 0.2 mi downstream from State Route 15 were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs. The flood inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation, depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selected water levels (stages) at the USGS streamgage on the Mississinewa River at Marion (station number 03326500). Near-real-time stages at this streamgage may be obtained on the Internet from the USGS National Water Information System at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ or the National Weather Service (NWS) Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service at http://water.weather.gov/ahps/, which also forecasts flood hydrographs at this site.\n\nFlood profiles were computed for the stream reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The model was calibrated by using the current stage-discharge relation at the Mississinewa River streamgage, in combination with water-surface profiles from historic floods and from the current (2002) flood-insurance study for Grant County, Indiana. The hydraulic model was then used to compute seven water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-fo (ft) intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from 10 ft, which is near bankfull, to 16 ft, which is between the water levels associated with the estimated 10- and 2-percent annual exceedance probability floods (floods with recurrence interval between 10 and 50 years) and equals the “major flood stage” as defined by the NWS. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a Geographic Information System digital elevation model (derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a 0.98 ft vertical accuracy and 4.9 ft horizontal resolution) to delineate the area flooded at each water level.\n\nThe availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage and forecasted high-flow stages from the NWS, will provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for post-flood recovery efforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Office of Community and Rural Affairs","usgsCitation":"Coon, W.F., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the Mississinewa River at Marion, Indiana, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5060, Report: iv, 13 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145060.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 13 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050572","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145060.jpg"},{"id":286464,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5060/pdf/sir2014-5060.pdf"},{"id":286465,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5060/downloads"},{"id":286463,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5060/"}],"projection":"Indiana State Plane Eastern Zone","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Marion","otherGeospatial":"Mississinewa River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.709947,40.513774 ], [ -85.709947,40.621978 ], [ -85.599546,40.621978 ], [ -85.599546,40.513774 ], [ -85.709947,40.513774 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53563defe4b03a277fd6adaa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coon, William F. 0000-0002-7007-7797 wcoon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7007-7797","contributorId":1765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coon","given":"William","email":"wcoon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70093470,"text":"70093470 - 2014 - Characterizing the primary material sources and dominant erosional processes for post-fire debris-flow initiation in a headwater basin using multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T15:39:28","indexId":"70093470","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-21T10:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Characterizing the primary material sources and dominant erosional processes for post-fire debris-flow initiation in a headwater basin using multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning data","docAbstract":"Wildfire dramatically alters the hydrologic response of a watershed such that even modest rainstorms can produce hazardous debris flows. Relative to shallow landslides, the primary sources of material and dominant erosional processes that contribute to post-fire debris-flow initiation are poorly constrained. Improving our understanding of how and where material is eroded from a watershed during a post-fire debris-flow requires (1) precise measurements of topographic change to calculate volumetric measurements of erosion and deposition, and (2) the identification of relevant morphometrically defined process domains to spatially constrain these measurements of erosion and deposition. In this study, we combine the morphometric analysis of a steep, small (0.01 km2) headwater drainage basin with measurements of topographic change using high-resolution (2.5 cm) multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning data made before and after a post-fire debris flow. The results of the morphometric analysis are used to define four process domains: hillslope-divergent, hillslope-convergent, transitional, and channelized incision. We determine that hillslope-divergent and hillslope-convergent process domains represent the primary sources of material over the period of analysis in the study basin. From these results we conclude that raindrop-impact induced erosion, ravel, surface wash, and rilling are the primary erosional processes contributing to post-fire debris-flow initiation in the small, steep headwater basin. Further work is needed to determine (1) how these results vary with increasing drainage basin size, (2) how these data might scale upward for use with coarser resolution measurements of topography, and (3) how these results change with evolving sediment supply conditions and vegetation recovery.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.015","usgsCitation":"Staley, D.M., Waslewicz, T.A., and Kean, J.W., 2014, Characterizing the primary material sources and dominant erosional processes for post-fire debris-flow initiation in a headwater basin using multi-temporal terrestrial laser scanning data: Geomorphology, v. 214, p. 324-338, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.015.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"324","endPage":"338","ipdsId":"IP-054062","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286521,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.015"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Los Angeles County","otherGeospatial":"San Gabriel Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.4,34.2 ], [ -118.4,34.46 ], [ -117.86,34.46 ], [ -117.86,34.2 ], [ -118.4,34.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"214","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578f62e4b0938066bc81c0","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.015","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.02.015","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Staley Dennis M., Wasklewicz Thad A., Kean Jason W.","journalName":"Geomorphology","publicationDate":"6/2014","auditedOn":"11/6/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waslewicz, Thad A.","contributorId":30913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waslewicz","given":"Thad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70095685,"text":"ofr20141039 - 2014 - Precipitation and streamflow data from the Fort Carson Military Reservation and precipitation, streamflow, and suspended-sediment data from the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, Southeastern Colorado, 2008-2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T08:21:09","indexId":"ofr20141039","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-18T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1039","title":"Precipitation and streamflow data from the Fort Carson Military Reservation and precipitation, streamflow, and suspended-sediment data from the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, Southeastern Colorado, 2008-2012","docAbstract":"In 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U. S. Department of the Army, compiled available precipitation and streamflow data for the years of 2008–2012 from the Fort Carson Military Reservation (Fort Carson) near Colorado Springs, Colo., and precipitation, streamflow, and suspended-sediment loads from the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS) near Trinidad, Colo. Graphical representations of the data presented herein are a continuation of work completed by the USGS in 2008 to gain a better understanding of spatial and temporal trends within the hydrologic data.
\n\nPrecipitation stations at Fort Carson and the PCMS were divided into groups based on their land-surface altitude (LSA) to determine if there is a spatial difference in precipitation amounts based on LSA for either military facility. Two-sample t-tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests indicated statistically significant differences exist between precipitation values at different groups for Fort Carson but not for the PCMS. All five precipitation stations at Fort Carson exhibit a decrease in median daily total precipitation from years 2002–2007 to 2008–2012. For the PCMS, median precipitation values decreased from the first study period to the second for the 13 stations monitored year-round except for Burson and Big Hills.
\n\nMean streamflow for 2008–2012 is less than mean streamflow for 1983–2007 for all stream-gaging stations at Fort Carson and at the PCMS. During the study period, each of the stream-gaging stations within the tributary channels at the PCMS accounted for less than three percent of the total streamflow at the Purgatoire River at Rock Crossing gage. Peak streamflow for 2008–2012 is less than peak streamflow for 2002–2007 at both Fort Carson and the PCMS. At the PCMS, mean suspended-sediment yield for 2008–2012 increased by 54 percent in comparison to the mean yield for 2002–2007. This increase is likely related to the destruction of groundcover by a series of wildfires within the PCMS in 2008 and 2011.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141039","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of the Army","usgsCitation":"Brown, C.R., 2014, Precipitation and streamflow data from the Fort Carson Military Reservation and precipitation, streamflow, and suspended-sediment data from the Piñon Canyon Maneuver Site, Southeastern Colorado, 2008-2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1039, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141039.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","numberOfPages":"47","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050832","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141039.jpg"},{"id":286418,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1039/pdf/ofr2014-1039.pdf"},{"id":286417,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1039/"}],"projection":"World Geodetic System 84 projection zone 13","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Pi�on Canyon Maneuver Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105,38.416 ], [ -105,38.083 ], [ -104.583,38.083 ], [ -104.583,38.416 ], [ -105,38.416 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53523b53e4b0198343cffa7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Christopher R. crbrown@usgs.gov","contributorId":4751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Christopher","email":"crbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70099362,"text":"sir20145052 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-16T14:32:06","indexId":"sir20145052","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-16T06:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5052","title":"Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County, California","docAbstract":"Water managers in the Santa Rosa Plain face the challenge of meeting increasing water demand with a combination of Russian River water, which has uncertainties in its future availability; local groundwater resources; and ongoing and expanding recycled water and water from other conservation programs. To address this challenge, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Sonoma County Water Agency, the cities of Cotati, Rohnert Park, Santa Rosa, and Sebastopol, the town of Windsor, the California American Water Company, and the County of Sonoma, undertook development of a fully coupled groundwater and surface-water model to better understand and to help manage the hydrologic resources in the Santa Rosa Plain watershed.
\nThe purpose of this report is to (1) describe the construction and calibration of the fully coupled groundwater and surface-water flow model for the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, referred to as the Santa Rosa Plain hydrologic model; (2) present results from simulation of the Santa Rosa Plain hydrologic model, including water budgets, recharge distributions, streamflow, and the effect of pumping on water-budget components; and (3) present the results from using the model to evaluate the potential hydrologic effects of climate change and variability without pumpage for water years 2011-99 and with projected pumpage for water years 2011-40.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Sonoma County, Sonoma County Water Agency, City of Santa Rosa, City of Rohnert Park, City of Sebastopol, Town of Windsor, California American Water","usgsCitation":"Woolfenden, L.R., and Nishikawa, T., 2014, Simulation of groundwater and surface-water resources of the Santa Rosa Plain watershed, Sonoma County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5052, xxx, 258 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145052.","productDescription":"xxx, 258 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044152","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286377,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145052.jpg"},{"id":286373,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5052/"},{"id":286376,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5052/pdf/sir2014-5052.pdf"}],"scale":"250000","projection":"2003 State Plane Projection","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Sonoma County","otherGeospatial":"Santa Rosa Plain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5414,38.1106 ], [ -123.5414,38.8529 ], [ -122.3497,38.8529 ], [ -122.3497,38.1106 ], [ -123.5414,38.1106 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517061e4b05569d805a3a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woolfenden, Linda R. 0000-0003-3500-4709 lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3500-4709","contributorId":1476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woolfenden","given":"Linda","email":"lrwoolfe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nishikawa, Tracy 0000-0002-7348-3838 tnish@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7348-3838","contributorId":1515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nishikawa","given":"Tracy","email":"tnish@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157147,"text":"70157147 - 2014 - Late Holocene vegetation, climate, and land-use impacts on carbon dynamics in the Florida Everglades","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T11:56:50.651293","indexId":"70157147","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Late Holocene vegetation, climate, and land-use impacts on carbon dynamics in the Florida Everglades","docAbstract":"
Tropical and subtropical peatlands are considered a significant carbon sink. The Florida Everglades includes 6000-km2 of peat-accumulating wetland; however, detailed carbon dynamics from different environments within the Everglades have not been extensively studied or compared. Here we present carbon accumulation rates from 13 cores and 4 different environments, including sawgrass ridges and sloughs, tree islands, and marl prairies, whose hydroperiods and vegetation communities differ. We find that the lowest rates of C accumulation occur in sloughs in the southern Everglades. The highest rates are found where hydroperiods are generally shorter, including near-tails of tree islands and drier ridges. Long-term average rates of 100 to >200 g C m−2 yr−1 are as high, and in some cases, higher than rates recorded from the tropics and 10–20 times higher than boreal averages. C accumulation rates were impacted by both the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, but the largest impacts to C accumulation rates over the Holocene record have been the anthropogenic changes associated with expansion of agriculture and construction of canals and levees to control movement of surface water. Water management practices in the 20th century have altered the natural hydroperiods and fire regimes of the Everglades. The Florida Everglades as a whole has acted as a significant carbon sink over the mid- to late-Holocene, but reduction of the spatial extent of the original wetland area, as well as the alteration of natural hydrology in the late 19th and 20th centuries, have significantly reduced the carbon sink capacity of this subtropical wetland.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.010","usgsCitation":"Jones, M.C., Bernhardt, C.E., and Willard, D.A., 2014, Late Holocene vegetation, climate, and land-use impacts on carbon dynamics in the Florida Everglades: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 90, p. 90-105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.02.010.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"105","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053289","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308320,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.0943368389809,\n 25.087571683298293\n ],\n [\n -80.7268386805381,\n 25.02642462707145\n ],\n [\n -80.53933962010848,\n 25.029822485930083\n ],\n [\n -80.44559008989326,\n 25.016230486056457\n ],\n [\n -80.1643414992484,\n 25.440266192853315\n ],\n [\n -80.17184146166566,\n 25.58917370312868\n ],\n [\n -80.56933946977713,\n 25.399623031078093\n ],\n [\n -80.50933977043941,\n 25.59593783416375\n ],\n [\n -80.47183995835347,\n 25.677077550112145\n ],\n [\n -80.44184010868483,\n 25.808811787918998\n ],\n [\n -80.4268401838503,\n 26.088681564064487\n ],\n [\n -80.32559069121822,\n 26.115621760313346\n ],\n [\n -80.28434089792343,\n 26.196405080441124\n ],\n [\n -80.28434089792343,\n 26.324197432761437\n ],\n [\n -80.21684123616888,\n 26.327558489255296\n ],\n [\n -80.2093412737516,\n 26.60283232560471\n ],\n [\n -80.09309185628499,\n 27.027865180596862\n ],\n [\n -80.11934172474521,\n 27.10133056874082\n ],\n [\n -80.31809072880094,\n 27.031205560276817\n ],\n [\n -80.69683883086944,\n 26.80048672774501\n ],\n [\n -80.6668389812008,\n 26.746919439357086\n ],\n [\n -80.7268386805381,\n 26.673223193776607\n ],\n [\n -80.91058775975972,\n 26.723475808169553\n ],\n [\n -80.90683777855085,\n 26.478704924579233\n ],\n [\n -80.99683732755723,\n 26.478704924579233\n ],\n [\n -80.99683732755723,\n 26.270407267820005\n ],\n [\n -81.37183544841733,\n 26.277132402931883\n ],\n [\n -81.39433533566871,\n 26.23341206167862\n ],\n [\n -81.61183424576784,\n 26.223320415900375\n ],\n [\n -81.8180832122404,\n 26.085313603228755\n ],\n [\n -81.73933360686016,\n 25.8864326566259\n ],\n [\n -81.5968343209333,\n 25.73451812105688\n ],\n [\n -81.35308554237437,\n 25.697353857960323\n ],\n [\n -81.17683642557003,\n 25.38607226656724\n ],\n [\n -81.19933631282183,\n 25.209774132927706\n ],\n [\n -81.0943368389809,\n 25.087571683298293\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"90","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56012a71e4b03bc34f544411","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Miriam C. 0000-0002-6650-7619 miriamjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6650-7619","contributorId":4056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Miriam","email":"miriamjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70098182,"text":"ofr20141058 - 2014 - Hydrogeology of the Old Faithful area, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and its relevance to natural resources and infrastructure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-13T09:04:51","indexId":"ofr20141058","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-11T11:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1058","title":"Hydrogeology of the Old Faithful area, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and its relevance to natural resources and infrastructure","docAbstract":"A panel of leading experts (The Old Faithful Science Review Panel) was convened by Yellowstone National Park (YNP) to review and summarize the geological and hydrological understanding that can inform National Park Service management of the Upper Geyser Basin area. We give an overview of present geological and hydrological knowledge of the Old Faithful hydrothermal (hot water) system and related thermal areas in the Upper Geyser Basin. We prioritize avenues for improving our understanding of key knowledge gaps that limit informed decision-making regarding human use in this fragile natural landscape. Lastly, we offer guidelines to minimize impacts to the hydrothermal system that could be used to aid decisions by park management.
\nOld Faithful sits within the Upper Geyser Basin, an area of abundant hydrothermal activity where boiling waters extend from the surface to significant depth within glacial sediments and underlying volcanic rocks. The geyser systems are directly fed by waters recharged decades to millennia ago, which are surrounded by colder, younger waters. Activity of the geysers is controlled by complex subsurface plumbing with fractures and conduits separated by regions of low permeability. Observations over the past century indicate that the thermal areas and their features are both fragile and highly dynamic. Although Old Faithful has erupted regularly for the past 150 years, it exhibits changes in eruptive behavior over time, and the average interval between eruptions has increased by about 50 percent over the past 50 years. It is clear that human activity has modified the hydrothermal system in the past; conversely, natural features pose ongoing hazards to humans and human infrastructure.
\nCurrent (2014) long-term programs to measure heat discharge by chloride-flux monitoring, and more recently by thermal-infrared imaging, are crucial for assessing the status of the hydrothermal system. Complementary studies could include airborne resistivity, environmental tracers, numerical modeling, and greater emphasis on measuring the discharge of water during geyser eruptions. Such data are needed to better understand the subsurface plumbing systems that feed the geysers. Further understanding can be gained through installation of shallow groundwater observation wells, surface geophysical studies, and direct measurement of temperature gradients near the surface. It also is critical to archive existing data from all studies in a manner that will be readily accessible to scientists and decision makers. Monitoring and data collection can be achieved through the YNP geology program, by direct funding to other groups, or by encouraging and facilitating externally funded research.
\nThere are many documented examples at YNP and elsewhere where human infrastructure and natural thermal features have negatively affected each other. Unless action is taken, human conflicts with the Old Faithful hydrothermal system are likely to increase over the coming years. This is partly because of the increase in park visitation over the past decades, but also because the interval between eruptions of Old Faithful has increased, lengthening the time spent (and services needed) for each visitor at Old Faithful. To avoid an increase in visitor impacts, the National Park Service should consider 2 alternate strategies to accommodate people, vehicles, and services in the Upper Geyser Basin, such as shuttle services from staging (parking and dining) areas with little or no recent hydrothermal activity. We further suggest that YNP consider a zone system to guide maintenance and development of infrastructure in the immediate Old Faithful area. A “red” zone includes hydrothermally active land where new development is discouraged and existing infrastructure is modified with great care. An outer “green” zone represents areas where cooler temperatures and less hydrothermal flow are thought to exist, and where development and maintenance could proceed as occurs elsewhere in the park. An intermediate “yellow” zone would require preliminary assessment of subsurface temperatures and gas concentrations to assess suitability for infrastructure development. The panel recommends that YNP management follow the lead of the National Park System Advisory Board Science Committee (2012) by applying the “precautionary principle” when making decisions regarding the interaction of hydrothermal phenomena and park infrastructure in the Old Faithful area and other thermal areas within YNP.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141058","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service and the Yellowstone Park Foundation","usgsCitation":"Old Faithful Science Review Panel, Foley, D., Fournier, R.O., Heasler, H.P., Hinckley, B., Ingebritsen, S.E., Lowenstern, J.B., and Susong, D.D., 2014, Hydrogeology of the Old Faithful area, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, and its relevance to natural resources and infrastructure: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1058, vi, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141058.","productDescription":"vi, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"36","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051536","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286288,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141058.jpg"},{"id":286286,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1058/"},{"id":286287,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1058/pdf/ofr2014-1058.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.875,44.45 ], [ -110.875,44.483333 ], [ -110.816667,44.483333 ], [ -110.816667,44.45 ], [ -110.875,44.45 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517047e4b05569d805a260","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Old Faithful Science Review Panel","contributorId":128280,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Old Faithful Science Review Panel","id":535635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foley, Duncan","contributorId":52076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"Duncan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fournier, Robert O.","contributorId":73202,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fournier","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Heasler, Henry P.","contributorId":65935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasler","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hinckley, Bern","contributorId":52485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinckley","given":"Bern","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ingebritsen, Steven E. 0000-0001-6917-9369 seingebr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6917-9369","contributorId":818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingebritsen","given":"Steven","email":"seingebr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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Additionally, the GaWSC operates more than 180 groundwater monitoring wells, 42 of which are real-time. 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517039e4b05569d805a1fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knaak, Andrew E. 0000-0003-1813-8959 aknaak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1813-8959","contributorId":3123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knaak","given":"Andrew","email":"aknaak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peck, Michael F. mfpeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":1467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"Michael F.","email":"mfpeck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70093575,"text":"sir20145019 - 2014 - Remediation scenarios for attenuating peak flows and reducing sediment transport in Fountain Creek, Colorado, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-11T08:00:45","indexId":"sir20145019","displayToPublicDate":"2014-04-11T07:48:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5019","title":"Remediation scenarios for attenuating peak flows and reducing sediment transport in Fountain Creek, Colorado, 2013","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Fountain Creek Watershed, Flood Control and Greenway District assessed remediation scenarios to attenuate peak flows and reduce sediment loads in the Fountain Creek watershed. To evaluate these strategies, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) hydrologic and hydraulic models were employed.
\nThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers modeling system HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modeling System) version 3.5 was used to simulate runoff in the Fountain Creek watershed, Colorado, associated with storms of varying magnitude and duration. Rain-gage precipitation data and radar-based precipitation data from the April 28–30, 1999, and September 14–15, 2011, storm events were used in the calibration process for the HEC-HMS model. The curve number and lag time for each subwatershed and Manning's roughness coefficients for each channel reach were adjusted within an acceptable range so that the simulated and measured streamflow hydrographs for each of the 12 USGS streamgages approximated each other.
\nThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers modeling system HEC-RAS (River Analysis System) versions 4.1 and 4.2 were used to simulate streamflow and sediment transport, respectively, for the Fountain Creek watershed generated by a particular storm event. Data from 15 USGS streamgages were used for model calibration and 7 of those USGS streamgages were used for model validation. The calibration process consisted of comparing the simulated water-surface elevations and the cross-section-averaged velocities from the model with those surveyed in the field at the cross section at the corresponding 15 and 7 streamgages, respectively. The final Manning’s roughness coefficients were adjusted between –30 and 30 percent at the 15 calibration streamgages from the original left, right, and channel-averaged Manning's roughness coefficients upon completion of calibration.
\nThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers modeling system HEC-RAS version 4.2 was used to simulate streamflow and sediment transport for the Fountain Creek watershed generated by a design-storm event. The Laursen-Copeland sediment-transport function was used in conjunction with the Exner 5 sorting method and the Ruby fall-velocity method to predict sediment transport. Six USGS streamgages equipped with suspended-sediment samplers were used to develop sediment-flow rating curves for the sediment-transport-model calibration. The critical Shields number in the Laursen-Copeland sediment-transport function and the volume of sediment available at a given cross section were adjusted during the HEC-RAS sediment-model calibration process.
\nHEC-RAS model simulations used to evaluate the 14 remediation scenarios were based on unsteady-state streamflows associated with a 24-hour, 1-percent annual exceedance probability (100-year) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Type II precipitation event. Scenario 0 represents the baseline or current conditions in the watershed and was used to compare the remaining 13 scenarios. Scenarios 1–8 and 12 rely on side-detention facilities to reduce peak flows and sediment transport. Scenario 9 has a diversion channel, and scenario 10 has a reservoir. Scenarios 11 and 13 incorporate channel armoring and channel widening, respectively. Scenarios 8 and 10, the scenario with the most side-detention facilities, and the scenario with the reservoir, respectively, were the most effective at reducing sediment transport and peak flow at the Pueblo, Colorado, streamgage. Scenarios 8 and 10 altered the peak flow by –58.9 and –56.4 percent, respectively. In turn, scenarios 8 and 10 altered the sediment transport by –17.7 and –62.1 percent, respectively.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Fountain Creek Watershed, Flood Control and Greenway District","usgsCitation":"Kohn, M.S., Fulton, J.W., Williams, C.A., and Stogner, 2014, Remediation scenarios for attenuating peak flows and reducing sediment transport in Fountain Creek, Colorado, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5019, ix, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145019.","productDescription":"ix, 62 p.","numberOfPages":"76","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053256","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286229,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5019/"},{"id":286236,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5019/pdf/sir2014-5019.pdf"},{"id":286237,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145019.jpg"}],"projection":"Colorado State Plane","datum":"North American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Fountain Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.2998,38.2455 ], [ -105.2998,39.1716 ], [ -104.2993,39.1716 ], [ -104.2993,38.2455 ], [ -105.2998,38.2455 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351705fe4b05569d805a38e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kohn, Michael S. 0000-0002-5989-7700 mkohn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-7700","contributorId":4549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohn","given":"Michael","email":"mkohn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490058,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fulton, John W. 0000-0002-5335-0720 jwfulton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-0720","contributorId":2298,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"John","email":"jwfulton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Cory A. 0000-0003-1461-7848 cawillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-7848","contributorId":689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Cory","email":"cawillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stogner 0000-0002-3185-1452 rstogner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1452","contributorId":938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","email":"rstogner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}