Pesticides (herbicides and insecticides) are used extensively in the White River Basin. Application of herbicides to corn and soybeans accounts for most of the use. The U.S. Geological Survey collected samples from four networks of monitoring wells in the White River Basin during 1994-95. The most frequently detected compounds in ground water were desethyl atrazine (a breakdown product of atrazine) and the commonly used herbicides, atrazine and metolachlor. Insecticides commonly used in urban and agricultural areas were not found. The highest concentration of any pesticide detected was alachlor at 0.19 micrograms per liter. Most detections of atrazine and desethyl atrazine were in agricultural areas overlying fluvial deposits, which are vulnerable to pesticide contamination, but the concentrations were small (less than 0.1 microgram per liter).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs08496","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., and Moore, R.C., 1996, Occurrence of pesticides in ground water in the White River Basin, Indiana, 1994–95: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 1996–0084, Document: 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs08496.","productDescription":"Document: 4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31976,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0084/fs19960084.pdf","text":"Report","size":"617 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-0084"},{"id":118375,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0084/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","otherGeospatial":"White River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": 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U.S. Geological Survey
5957 Lakeside Blvd.
Indianapolis, IN 46278
Park Lake extends to the northeast from the village of Pardeeville in Columbia County (fig. 1). Local residents perceive water-quality problems in the lake that include excessive algae and aquatic plant growth. Algae and plant growth in a lake are controlled, in part, by the availability of phosphorus in the water. However, no measurements of phosphorus enter- ing the lake or of other factors that affect lake-water quality had been made, and available data on water quality were limited to 2 years of measurements at one site in the lake in 1986- 87. To obtain the data and in- formation needed to address the water-quality problems at Park Lake and to develop a management plan that would limit the input of phosphorus to the lake, the U.S. Geologi- cal Survey, in cooperation with the Park Lake Management District, studied the hydrology of the lake and collected data needed to determine sources and amount of phosphorus en- tering the lake. This Fact Sheet summarizes the results of that study. Data collected during the study were published in a separate report (Holmstrom and others, 1994, p. 70-85).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs19796","usgsCitation":"Kammerer, P., 1996, Hydrology and water quality of Park Lake, south-central Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 197-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs19796.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":31882,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0197/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Columbia County","otherGeospatial":"Park Lake","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-89.2453,43.643],[-89.127,43.6436],[-89.1271,43.6318],[-89.007,43.6332],[-89.0063,43.548],[-89.0044,43.4616],[-89.0038,43.3737],[-89.0088,43.3738],[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7292,43.3026],[-89.7279,43.3108],[-89.7254,43.3153],[-89.7229,43.3181],[-89.7185,43.3195],[-89.7129,43.3226],[-89.7078,43.3277],[-89.7028,43.3345],[-89.6909,43.3495],[-89.684,43.3573],[-89.6783,43.3586],[-89.6708,43.3582],[-89.6613,43.3577],[-89.6456,43.36],[-89.6311,43.3646],[-89.6166,43.371],[-89.6009,43.3806],[-89.6004,43.4688],[-89.5999,43.5544],[-89.6075,43.5603],[-89.6138,43.5626],[-89.6277,43.5617],[-89.6359,43.5603],[-89.6511,43.5621],[-89.658,43.5634],[-89.6643,43.5657],[-89.6707,43.5666],[-89.6783,43.5671],[-89.6877,43.5634],[-89.6934,43.5616],[-89.6991,43.562],[-89.706,43.5648],[-89.7187,43.5652],[-89.7288,43.5661],[-89.7351,43.5693],[-89.7364,43.5743],[-89.7326,43.5793],[-89.7288,43.5829],[-89.7244,43.587],[-89.7188,43.5929],[-89.7207,43.597],[-89.727,43.5979],[-89.7428,43.597],[-89.751,43.5997],[-89.7567,43.6029],[-89.7662,43.6029],[-89.7738,43.6092],[-89.7763,43.6161],[-89.7808,43.6215],[-89.7802,43.6274],[-89.7789,43.6343],[-89.784,43.6388],[-89.7866,43.6411],[-89.779,43.6411],[-89.7195,43.643],[-89.6,43.6427],[-89.4837,43.6423],[-89.3648,43.6427],[-89.2453,43.643]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Columbia\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db604d75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kammerer, P.A.","contributorId":21943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kammerer","given":"P.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6645,"text":"fs17696 - 1996 - Quality of ground water at selected sites in the upper Mahoning Creek Basin, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-09T12:46:57","indexId":"fs17696","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"176-96","title":"Quality of ground water at selected sites in the upper Mahoning Creek Basin, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The ground-water quality of the upper Mahoning Creek Basin is largely unknown. Human activities in the basin have altered much of the landscape. The presence of coal mining, oil and gas exploration, agriculture, on-lot septic systems, and commercial development within the basin can introduce contaminants altering the natural chemistry of the ground water. Data collected to document current ground-water quality also can serve as a baseline for comparison of any future water-quality changes by continuing human activities. This report presents the results of a synoptic ground-water-quality sampling in the upper Mahoning Creek Basin. Present ground-water quality in the basin is characterized in relation to published standards, local land-use activities, and other areas with similar natural characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs17696","usgsCitation":"Langland, M.J., 1996, Quality of ground water at selected sites in the upper Mahoning Creek Basin, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 176-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs17696.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34071,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0176/fs19960176.pdf","text":"Report","size":"123 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 1996-0176"},{"id":117128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0176/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
The Pequea Creek and Mill Creek Basins within Lancaster and Chester Counties in Pennsylvania have been identified as areas needing control of nonpoint-source (NFS) pollution to improve water quality. The two basins are a total of approximately 200 square miles and are primarily underlain by carbonate bedrock. Land use is predominantly agriculture. The most common agricultural NFS pollution-control practices implemented in the Pequea Creek and Mill Creek Basins are barnyard-runoff control and Streambank fencing. To provide land managers information on the effectiveness of Streambank fencing in controlling NFS pollution, a study is being conducted in two small paired watersheds within the Mill Creek Basin.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs19396","usgsCitation":"Galeone, D.G., and Koerkle, E.H., 1996, Study design and preliminary data analysis for a streambank fencing project in the Mill Creek Basin, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 193-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs19396.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":32109,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0193/fs19960193.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":117801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0193/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Pennsylvania Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
215 Limekiln Road
New Cumberland, PA 17070
Nonpoint sources of pesticides are a national issue and are a major interest in the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program because of their potential toxicity to humans and aquatic life. Using the water-quality data collected by the Trinity River Basin NAWQA study-unit team, an analysis of pesticides in urban and agricultural streams was made by aggregating and grouping data from several networks. The samples were collected during March 1993 through September 1995. About 70 samples were collected from urban streams and 70 from agricultural streams. The urban dataset consists of sampling sites in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area where more than 3.5 million people lived in 1990. Land use in the sampled urban watersheds is primarily residential, but there are commercial areas, such as shopping centers and office complexes along major highways and streets. The agricultural dataset consists of sampling sites in the watershed of Richland-Chambers Reservoir, an area in the west-central part of the Trinity River Basin where fertile soils are extensively cultivated. The land use is mostly cropland and pasture with some rangeland. In the cultivated areas, the major crops are corn, cotton, and sorghum. In the rangeland areas, cattle are the dominant livestock. In the pasture areas, hay is grown along with grass for cattle feed. None of the crops are irrigated.
\nThe material in this fact sheet is condensed from a report by Land and Brown (1996) where the study is presented in greater detail.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs17896","usgsCitation":"Land, L.F., 1996, Pesticides in urban and agricultural streams, 1993-95: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 178-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs17896.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0178/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34069,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0178/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Richland-Chambers Reservoir, Trinity River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -97.3,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -97.3,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -96,\n 31.5\n ],\n [\n -97.3,\n 31.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6881e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4953,"text":"fs20496 - 1996 - Pesticides and Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground and Surface Water of the Palouse Subunit, Washington and Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T10:22:30","indexId":"fs20496","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"204-96","title":"Pesticides and Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground and Surface Water of the Palouse Subunit, Washington and Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/fs20496","usgsCitation":"Roberts, L.M., and Wagner, R.J., 1996, Pesticides and Volatile Organic Compounds in Ground and Surface Water of the Palouse Subunit, Washington and Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 204-96, 1 sheet [2] p. : col. ill., col. map ; 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II jhendley@usgs.gov","contributorId":2547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hendley","given":"James","suffix":"II","email":"jhendley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":151057,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":6777,"text":"fs21796 - 1996 - Water-quality trends using sediment cores from White Rock Lake, Dallas, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T18:08:53","indexId":"fs21796","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"217-96","title":"Water-quality trends using sediment cores from White Rock Lake, Dallas, Texas","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program has three objectives, one of which is \"to define trends (or lack of trends) in water quality\" (Leahy and others, 1990). Water-quality trends are of interest for at least three reasons: First, trends can improve our understanding of the influence of human activities on water-quality conditions; second, trends can indicate the effectiveness of environmental regulations; and third, trends can provide a warning of additional degradation of water quality in the future. A common approach for determining water-quality trends in streams is to apply statistical tests to historical data; however, historical water-quality data have several limitations. These include lack of data, inconsistent sampling and analytical methods, numerous measurements below detection levels, and questionable accuracy. If historical data are lacking or are inappropriate for statistical trend testing, water-quality records can be partly reconstructed using sediment cores from receiving water bodies such as reservoirs.
\nThe purpose of this fact sheet is to summarize the principal findings documented in a report on water-quality trends in White Rock Creek Basin using dated sediment cores from White Rock Lake (Van Metre and Callender, in press). The study used dated sediment cores to reconstruct water-quality conditions. More specifically, the changes in water quality associated with the watershed’s change from agricultural to urban land use and with the implementation of environmental regulations were identified.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs21796","usgsCitation":"Van Metre, P., Land, L.F., and Braun, C., 1996, Water-quality trends using sediment cores from White Rock Lake, Dallas, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 217-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs21796.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":34136,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0217/report.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.37 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":796,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://tx.usgs.gov/coring/pubs/wrlakefactsheet.pdf","text":"Report-reprint","size":"477.46 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":117298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0217/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas","otherGeospatial":"White Rock Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.7510986328125,\n 32.765336175015776\n ],\n [\n -96.7510986328125,\n 32.87929884557261\n ],\n [\n -96.6961669921875,\n 32.87929884557261\n ],\n [\n -96.6961669921875,\n 32.765336175015776\n ],\n [\n -96.7510986328125,\n 32.765336175015776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa51c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Van Metre, Peter C.","contributorId":34104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Metre","given":"Peter C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Land, Larry F.","contributorId":60612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Land","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Braun, C.L.","contributorId":63385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Braun","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5211,"text":"fs22396 - 1996 - Precipitation and streamflow conditions in Arizona, winter and spring, 1996","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T06:42:21","indexId":"fs22396","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"223-96","title":"Precipitation and streamflow conditions in Arizona, winter and spring, 1996","docAbstract":"According to precipitation and streamflow data collected in the State, Arizona experienced one of the driest periods on record from January 1 to June 30, 1996. During this period, Arizona averaged less than -4.5 on the Palmer Drought Index (PDI); a widely used index that compares monthly rainfall to soil moisture for a given area. PDI values less than -4.0 indicate extreme drought conditions. PDI values for Arizona have ranged from less than -5 to greater than 7 since 1895. Governor Fife Symington declared a state of emergency for Arizona on May 3, 1996, because of the extremely dry conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs22396","usgsCitation":"Baynham, O.R., and Phillips, J.V., 1996, Precipitation and streamflow conditions in Arizona, winter and spring, 1996: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 223-96, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs22396.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":287724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287723,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/0223-96/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.8166,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,37.0043 ], [ -109.0452,31.3322 ], [ -114.8166,31.3322 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad0e4b07f02db680ae7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baynham, Owen R.","contributorId":34912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baynham","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Phillips, Jeff V.","contributorId":50510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":6884,"text":"fs10796 - 1996 - Pesticides in streams of the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-29T09:43:37","indexId":"fs10796","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"107-96","title":"Pesticides in streams of the western Lake Michigan drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95","docAbstract":"During 1993-95, water samples were collected at nine sites on eight streams in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages to attempt to determine pesticide concentrations. The sampling effort was part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water- Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Pesticides analyzed for were 58 herbicides and 30 insecticides. Pesticides are used extensively in the study area; application of herbicides to corn and soybeans accounts for most of the use. Herbicides were detected more frequently and generally at higher concentrations than insecticides. The herbicide atrazine is applied to more acreage in Wisconsin than all other pesticides and was detected in 142 of 143 samples. The herbicides simazine, metolachlor, cyanazine, prometon, and alachlor were detected in more than half of the samples. The presence of these compounds in the sampled streams, is related to agricultural use. Two streams in forested basins in the northern part of the study area were sampled and found to contain low concentrations of atrazine. Atmospheric deposition is the likely source; atrazine has been detected in rain fall in northeastern Wisconsin. Herbicide concentrations in agricultural basins were highest in samples collected during storm runoff following application. Concentrations decreased over the growing season as herbicides broke down and increased ground cover reduced runoff. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking-water standard for atrazine was exceeded in eight samples, and the standard for alachlor was exceeded in two samples. All exceedances occurred during brief periods of high streamflow in June and July at two streams that drain primarily agricultural basins. Herbicide data for the Western Lake Drainages and other NAWQA study units indicate that concentrations in streams are as much as two orders of magnitude higher in areas where agricultural land contains a high percentage of row crops especially corn and soybeans than in areas where grazing, hay production, and other less herbicide-intensive crops are raised.
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Although the water budget is simple in concept, it is difficult to assess quantitatively. Models used to simulate changes in water levels and vegetation resulting from management strategies need to accurately simulate all components of the water budget.
One of the most important components of the Everglades water budget is evapotranspiration (ET). ET is water removed from the surface and soils by direct evaporation and plant transpiration. In South Florida, ET rates may exceed 40 in/yr (inches per year) on the average; during dry years, the ET could exceed rainfall (about 50 in/yr). Thus, most of the water that falls on the land surface as rainfall is returned to the atmosphere by ET. Despite the importance of ET in the Everglades water budget, our knowledge of ET is, at present, only semi-quantitative. Recent advances in instrumentation and measurement techniques have made it possible to continuously measure ET, so that an accurate evaluation of ET in the Everglades can be made.
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Advisories warning against the eating of game fish due to high concentrations (0.5 to 1.5 parts per million) of mercury are common in areas of Florida. When concentrations of mercury in fish are reported, it is primarily the compound methylmercury (MeHg), a neurotoxin, that is assumed present. MeHg has caused neurological damage in people in Japan and Iraq who ate food tainted with mercury. The goal of this project is to answer the question, \"How does mercury produced in the aquatic environment of south Florida enter the food chain and become part of the body burden of animals such as game fish\"?
This project is part of the South Florida Ecosystems Program. As part of the mercury studies in the Florida Everglades element, the findings of this project will contribute to an understanding of the processes that cause mercury bioaccumulation.
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Irrigated agriculture has a long history in the Western United States, beginning with Native American Indians. After passage of the Reclamation Act of 1902, the United States Government began building and subsidizing irrigation projects to foster settlement and development of the arid and semi-arid areas of the Western United States (National Research Council, 1989). Precipitation in the mountainous areas of the West (fig. 1) is stored in reservoirs and used for irrigation of farmland. With the development of irrigated agriculture, unforeseen environmental problems have occurred.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs07796","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., 1996, Using geochemical and statistical tools to identify irrigated areas that might contain high selenium concentrations in surface water: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 077-96, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs07796.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121614,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_077_96.bmp"},{"id":334642,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/FS-077-96/images/FS-077-96.pdf","size":"231 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":758,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/FS/FS-077-96","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"publicComments":"National Irrigation Water Quality Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603d2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, David L. 0000-0003-1130-6892 dlnaftz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1130-6892","contributorId":1041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"David","email":"dlnaftz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":6818,"text":"fs20596 - 1996 - Pesticides in Public Supply Wells of the Central Columbia Plateau","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T10:22:10","indexId":"fs20596","displayToPublicDate":"1997-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"205-96","title":"Pesticides in Public Supply Wells of the Central Columbia Plateau","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20596","usgsCitation":"Ryker, S.J., and Williamson, A.K., 1996, Pesticides in Public Supply Wells of the Central Columbia Plateau: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 205-96, 1 sheet : col. ill., col. map. ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. col. ill., col. map. ;, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20596.","productDescription":"1 sheet : col. ill., col. map. ; 43 x 28 cm. folded to 22 x 28 cm. col. ill., col. map. ;","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117705,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0205/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":34157,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1996/0205/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":834,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/fs-205-96/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Central Columbia Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 46.41513877649199\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 46.41513877649199\n ],\n [\n -117.24609374999999,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 47.87214396888731\n ],\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 46.41513877649199\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688297","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ryker, Sarah J. 0000-0002-1004-5611 sryker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-5611","contributorId":4100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryker","given":"Sarah","email":"sryker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":153394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williamson, Alex K.","contributorId":36543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"Alex","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":153395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}