{"pageNumber":"1403","pageRowStart":"35050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184733,"records":[{"id":70095615,"text":"sir20145026 - 2014 - Evaluation of the expected moments algorithm and a multiple low-outlier test for flood frequency analysis at streamgaging stations in Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-07T07:50:45","indexId":"sir20145026","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-07T07:38:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-5026","title":"Evaluation of the expected moments algorithm and a multiple low-outlier test for flood frequency analysis at streamgaging stations in Arizona","docAbstract":"<p>Flooding is among the costliest natural disasters in terms of loss of life and property in Arizona, which is why the accurate estimation of flood frequency and magnitude is crucial for proper structural design and accurate floodplain mapping. Current guidelines for flood frequency analysis in the United States are described in Bulletin 17B (B17B), yet since B17B’s publication in 1982 (Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data, 1982), several improvements have been proposed as updates for future guidelines. Two proposed updates are the Expected Moments Algorithm (EMA) to accommodate historical and censored data, and a generalized multiple Grubbs-Beck (MGB) low-outlier test. The current guidelines use a standard Grubbs-Beck (GB) method to identify low outliers, changing the determination of the moment estimators because B17B uses a conditional probability adjustment to handle low outliers while EMA censors the low outliers. B17B and EMA estimates are identical if no historical information or censored or low outliers are present in the peak-flow data. EMA with MGB (EMA-MGB) test was compared to the standard B17B (B17B-GB) method for flood frequency analysis at 328 streamgaging stations in Arizona. The methods were compared using the relative percent difference (RPD) between annual exceedance probabilities (AEPs), goodness-of-fit assessments, random resampling procedures, and Monte Carlo simulations. The AEPs were calculated and compared using both station skew and weighted skew. Streamgaging stations were classified by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Information System (NWIS) qualification codes, used to denote historical and censored peak-flow data, to better understand the effect that nonstandard flood information has on the flood frequency analysis for each method. Streamgaging stations were also grouped according to geographic flood regions and analyzed separately to better understand regional differences caused by physiography and climate.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The B17B-GB and EMA-MGB RPD-boxplot results showed that the median RPDs across all streamgaging stations for the 10-, 1-, and 0.2-percent AEPs, computed using station skew, were approximately zero. As the AEP flow estimates decreased (that is, from 10 to 0.2 percent AEP) the variability in the RPDs increased, indicating that the AEP flow estimate was greater for EMA-MGB when compared to B17B-GB. There was only one RPD greater than 100 percent for the 10- and 1-percent AEP estimates, whereas 19 RPDs exceeded 100 percent for the 0.2-percent AEP. At streamgaging stations with low-outlier data, historical peak-flow data, or both, RPDs ranged from −84 to 262 percent for the 0.2-percent AEP flow estimate. When streamgaging stations were separated by the presence of historical peak-flow data (that is, no low outliers or censored peaks) or by low outlier peak-flow data (no historical data), the results showed that RPD variability was greatest for the 0.2-AEP flow estimates, indicating that the treatment of historical and (or) low-outlier data was different between methods and that method differences were most influential when estimating the less probable AEP flows (1, 0.5, and 0.2 percent). When regional skew information was weighted with the station skew, B17B-GB estimates were generally higher than the EMA-MGB estimates for any given AEP. This was related to the different regional skews and mean square error used in the weighting procedure for each flood frequency analysis. The B17B-GB weighted skew analysis used a more positive regional skew determined in USGS Water Supply Paper 2433 (Thomas and others, 1997), while the EMA-MGB analysis used a more negative regional skew with a lower mean square error determined from a Bayesian generalized least squares analysis.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Regional groupings of streamgaging stations reflected differences in physiographic and climatic characteristics. Potentially influential low flows (PILFs) were more prevalent in arid regions of the State, and generally AEP flows were larger with EMA-MGB than with B17B-GB for gaging stations with PILFs. In most cases EMA-MGB curves would fit the largest floods more accurately than B17B-GB. In areas of the State with more baseflow, such as along the Mogollon Rim and the White Mountains, streamgaging stations generally had fewer PILFs and more positive skews, causing estimated AEP flows to be larger with B17B-GB than with EMA-MGB. The effect of including regional skew was similar for all regions, and the observed pattern was increasingly greater B17B-GB flows (more negative RPDs) with each decreasing AEP quantile.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A variation on a goodness-of-fit test statistic was used to describe each method’s ability to fit the largest floods. The mean absolute percent difference between the measured peak flows and the log-Pearson Type 3 (LP3)-estimated flows, for each method, was averaged over the 90th, 75th, and 50th percentiles of peak-flow data at each site. In most percentile subsets, EMA-MGB on average had smaller differences (1 to 3 percent) between the observed and fitted value, suggesting that the EMA-MGB-LP3 distribution is fitting the observed peak-flow data more precisely than B17B-GB. The smallest EMA-MGB percent differences occurred for the greatest 10 percent (90th percentile) of the peak-flow data. When stations were analyzed by USGS NWIS peak flow qualification code groups, the stations with historical peak flows and no low outliers had average percent differences as high as 11 percent greater for B17B-GB, indicating that EMA-MGB utilized the historical information to fit the largest observed floods more accurately.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A resampling procedure was used in which 1,000 random subsamples were drawn, each comprising one-half of the observed data. An LP3 distribution was fit to each subsample using B17B-GB and EMA-MGB methods, and the predicted 1-percent AEP flows were compared to those generated from distributions fit to the entire dataset. With station skew, the two methods were similar in the median percent difference, but with weighted skew EMA-MGB estimates were generally better. At two gages where B17B-GB appeared to perform better, a large number of peak flows were deemed to be PILFs by the MGB test, although they did not appear to depart significantly from the trend of the data (step or dogleg appearance). At two gages where EMA-MGB performed better, the MGB identified several PILFs that were affecting the fitted distribution of the B17B-GB method.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Monte Carlo simulations were run for the LP3 distribution using different skews and with different assumptions about the expected number of historical peaks. The primary benefit of running Monte Carlo simulations is that the underlying distribution statistics are known, meaning that the true 1-percent AEP is known. The results showed that EMA-MGB performed as well or better in situations where the LP3 distribution had a zero or positive skew and historical information. When the skew for the LP3 distribution was negative, EMA-MGB performed significantly better than B17B-GB and EMA-MGB estimates were less biased by more closely estimating the true 1-percent AEP for 1, 2, and 10 historical flood scenarios.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20145026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Flood Control District of Maricopa County","usgsCitation":"Paretti, N., Kennedy, J.R., and Cohn, T., 2014, Evaluation of the expected moments algorithm and a multiple low-outlier test for flood frequency analysis at streamgaging stations in Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5026, Report: viii, 61 p.; Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145026.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 61 p.; Appendixes","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-040578","costCenters":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283442,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20145026.jpg"},{"id":283439,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5026/"},{"id":283440,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5026/pdf/sir2014-5026.pdf"},{"id":283441,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2014/5026/downloads/sir2014-5026_Appendixes.xlsx"}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"North American datum 1983","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.82,31.33 ], [ -114.82,37.0 ], [ -109.05,37.0 ], [ -109.05,31.33 ], [ -114.82,31.33 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd587ce4b0b290850f8200","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paretti, Nicholas V. nparetti@usgs.gov","contributorId":802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paretti","given":"Nicholas V.","email":"nparetti@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Jeffrey R. 0000-0002-3365-6589 jkennedy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3365-6589","contributorId":2172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jkennedy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":128,"text":"Arizona Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70168886,"text":"70168886 - 2014 - Vesta surface thermal properties map","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T10:45:58","indexId":"70168886","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vesta surface thermal properties map","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first ever regional thermal properties map of Vesta has been derived from the temperatures retrieved by infrared data by the mission Dawn. The low average value of thermal inertia, 30&thinsp;&plusmn;&thinsp;10 J m</span><sup><span>&minus;2</span></sup><span><sup>&thinsp;</sup>s</span><sup><span>&minus;0.5</span></sup><span>&thinsp;K</span><sup><span>&minus;1</span></sup><span>, indicates a surface covered by a fine regolith. A range of thermal inertia values suggesting terrains with different physical properties has been determined. The lower thermal inertia of the regions north of the equator suggests that they are covered by an older, more processed surface. A few specific areas have higher than average thermal inertia values, indicative of a more compact material. The highest thermal inertia value has been determined on the Marcia crater, known for its pitted terrain and the presence of hydroxyl in the ejecta. Our results suggest that this type of terrain can be the result of soil compaction following the degassing of a local subsurface reservoir of volatiles.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013GL059026","usgsCitation":"Capria, M.T., Tosi, F., De Santis, M.C., Capaccioni, F., Ammannito, E., Frigeri, A., Zambon, F., Fonte, S., Palomba, E., Turrini, D., Titus, T., Schroder, S., Toplis, M., Liu, J., Combe, J.#., Raymond, C., and Russell, C., 2014, Vesta surface thermal properties map: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 5, p. 1438-1443, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL059026.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"1438","endPage":"1443","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052512","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473118,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index 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C.A.","contributorId":50301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Raymond","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":18954,"text":"Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Russell, C.T.","contributorId":32275,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russell","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33607,"text":"University of California Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":622064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19}]}}
,{"id":70101338,"text":"70101338 - 2014 - Vaccination against bacterial kidney disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T23:52:44.590957","indexId":"70101338","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"22","title":"Vaccination against bacterial kidney disease","docAbstract":"<p><span>Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) of salmonid fishes, caused by&nbsp;</span><i>Renibacterium salmoninarum</i><span>, has been recognized as a serious disease in salmonid fishes since the 1930s. This chapter discusses the occurrence and significance, etiology, and pathogenesis of BKD. It then describes the different vaccination procedures and the effects and side-effects of vaccination. Despite years of research, however, only a single vaccine has been licensed for prevention of BKD, and has demonstrated variable efficacy. Therefore, in addition to a presentation of the current status of BKD vaccination, a discussion of potential future directions for BKD vaccine development is included in the chapter. This discussion is focused on the unique characteristics of&nbsp;</span><i>R. salmoninarum</i><span>&nbsp;and its biology, as well as aspects of the salmonid immune system that might be explored specifically to develop more effective vaccines for BKD prevention.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish vaccination","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/9781118806913.ch22","usgsCitation":"Elliott, D.G., Wiens, G.D., Hammell, K.L., and Rhodes, L.D., 2014, Vaccination against bacterial kidney disease, chap. 22 <i>of</i> Fish vaccination, p. 255-272, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118806913.ch22.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"272","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041463","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":313830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"536b55f9e4b0a51a87c4b18a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gudding, Roar","contributorId":113550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gudding","given":"Roar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509840,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillehaug, Atle","contributorId":113509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillehaug","given":"Atle","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509839,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evensen, Oystein","contributorId":113653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evensen","given":"Oystein","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509841,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Diane G. 0000-0002-4809-6692 dgelliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-6692","contributorId":2947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Diane","email":"dgelliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":492657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiens, Gregory D.","contributorId":64531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiens","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammell, K. Larry","contributorId":20256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammell","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rhodes, Linda D.","contributorId":52891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodes","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70268957,"text":"70268957 - 2014 - Fishing for resilience","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-14T13:18:01.46758","indexId":"70268957","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fishing for resilience","docAbstract":"<p><span>Management approaches that focus on social–ecological systems—systems comprised of ecosystems, landscapes, and humans—are needed to secure the sustainability of inland recreational fisheries without jeopardizing the integrity of the underlying social and ecological components. Resilience management can be useful because it focuses on providing recreational capacity for fishermen under a variety of conditions while assuring that the social–ecological system is not pushed to a critical threshold that would result in a new, undesired system regime. Resilience management is based on a system perspective that accounts for the possible regimes a system could manifest. It aims to enhance system properties that allow continued maintenance of the system in a desired regime in which multiple goods and services, including recreational capacity, are provided. In this forum paper, we provide an overview of the potential of a resilience approach to the management of recreational fisheries and highlight the scientific and administrative challenges to its successful implementation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1080/00028487.2014.880735","usgsCitation":"Pope, K.L., Allen, C.R., and Angeler, D., 2014, Fishing for resilience: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 143, no. 2, p. 467-478, https://doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2014.880735.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"467","endPage":"478","ipdsId":"IP-086035","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502533,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ncfwrustaff/116","text":"External Repository"},{"id":492129,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"143","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":270762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":942720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Angeler, D.G.","contributorId":273144,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Angeler","given":"D.G.","affiliations":[{"id":12666,"text":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":942722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70058545,"text":"70058545 - 2014 - Semi-automated identification of leopard frogs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-04T17:06:21","indexId":"70058545","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-06T17:02:53","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Semi-automated identification of leopard frogs","docAbstract":"<p>Principal component analysis is used to implement a semi-automatic recognition system to identify recaptured northern leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens). Results of both open set and closed set experiments are given. The presented algorithm is shown to provide accurate identification of 209 individual leopard frogs from a total set of 1386 images.</p>","largerWorkTitle":"International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods","conferenceTitle":"International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods","conferenceDate":"2014-03-06T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Angers, Loire Valley, France","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.5220/0004828706790686","usgsCitation":"Petrovska-Delacretaz, D., Edwards, A., Chiasson, J., Chollet, G., and Pilliod, D., 2014, Semi-automated identification of leopard frogs, https://doi.org/10.5220/0004828706790686.","ipdsId":"IP-052030","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473119,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5220/0004828706790686","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":289443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":289442,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004828706790686"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b7b22ae4b0388651d918de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrovska-Delacretaz, Dijana","contributorId":78649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrovska-Delacretaz","given":"Dijana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edwards, Aaron","contributorId":90217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chiasson, John","contributorId":85885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiasson","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chollet, Gerard","contributorId":94596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chollet","given":"Gerard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pilliod, David S. 0000-0003-4207-3518 dpilliod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4207-3518","contributorId":161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","email":"dpilliod@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70095529,"text":"70095529 - 2014 - Development and evaluation of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus neutralization assay to detect antibodies to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-26T11:02:52","indexId":"70095529","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-06T15:13:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1258,"text":"Clinical and Vaccine Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Development and evaluation of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus neutralization assay to detect antibodies to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus","docAbstract":"<p>Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a target of surveillance by many state and federal agencies in the United States. Currently, the detection of VHSV relies on virus isolation, which is lethal to fish and indicates only the current infection status. A serological method is required to ascertain prior exposure. Here, we report two serologic tests for VHSV that are nonlethal, rapid, and species independent, a virus neutralization (VN) assay and a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results show that the VN assay had a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 42.9%; the anti-nucleocapsid-blocking ELISA detected nonneutralizing VHSV antibodies at a specificity of 88.2% and a sensitivity of 96.4%. The VN assay and ELISA are valuable tools for assessing exposure to VHSV.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/CVI.00675-13","usgsCitation":"Wilson, A., Goldberg, T., Marcquenski, S., Olson, W., Goetz, F., Hershberger, P., Hart, L.M., and Toohey-Kurth, K., 2014, Development and evaluation of a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and virus neutralization assay to detect antibodies to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, v. 21, no. 3, p. 435-442, https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00675-13.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"435","endPage":"442","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051405","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473121,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00675-13","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":283436,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57209130e4b071321fe65604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Anna 0000-0002-9737-2614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-2614","contributorId":70287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Anna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, Tony","contributorId":79021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Tony","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marcquenski, Susan","contributorId":105645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marcquenski","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, Wendy","contributorId":104794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Wendy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Goetz, Frederick","contributorId":71854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"Frederick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hershberger, Paul","contributorId":92557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hart, Lucas M. lhart@usgs.gov","contributorId":4829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Lucas","email":"lhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Toohey-Kurth, Kathy","contributorId":75852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toohey-Kurth","given":"Kathy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70095536,"text":"70095536 - 2014 - Wetland Reserve Program enhances site occupancy and species richness in assemblages of anuran amphibians in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T14:59:18","indexId":"70095536","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-06T14:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland Reserve Program enhances site occupancy and species richness in assemblages of anuran amphibians in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA","docAbstract":"We measured amphibian habitat use to quantify the effectiveness of conservation practices implemented under the Wetland Reserve Program (WRP), an initiative of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Natural Resources Conservation Service. From February to June 2007, we quantified calling male anurans in cultivated cropland, former cultivated cropland restored through the WRP, and mature bottomland hardwood forest. Sites were located in two watersheds within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Arkansas and Louisiana, USA. We estimated detection probability and site occupancy within each land use category using a Bayesian hierarchical model of community species occurrence, and derived an estimate of species richness at each site. Relative to sites in cultivated cropland, nine of 1 l species detected were significantly more likely to occur at WRP sites and six were more likely to occur at forested sites. Species richness estimates were also higher for WRP and forested sites, compared to those in cultivated cropland. Almost half (45 %) of the species responded positively to both WRP and forested sites, indicating that patches undergoing restoration may be important transitional habitats. Wetland Reserve Program conservation practices are successful in restoring suitable habitat and reducing the impact of cultivation-induced habitat loss on amphibians in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wetlands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0498-6","usgsCitation":"Walls, S., Waddle, J., and Faulkner, S.P., 2014, Wetland Reserve Program enhances site occupancy and species richness in assemblages of anuran amphibians in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley, USA: Wetlands, v. 34, no. 1, p. 197-207, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0498-6.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"207","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-049031","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283431,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0498-6"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.47,29.48 ], [ -93.47,35.85 ], [ -87.91,35.85 ], [ -87.91,29.48 ], [ -93.47,29.48 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351706fe4b05569d805a451","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":52284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Waddle, J. Hardin 0000-0003-1940-2133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1940-2133","contributorId":89982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"J. Hardin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Faulkner, Stephen P. 0000-0001-5295-1383 faulkners@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-1383","contributorId":374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faulkner","given":"Stephen","email":"faulkners@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":491276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70101352,"text":"70101352 - 2014 - A missing dimension in measures of vaccination impacts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T19:25:08.908463","indexId":"70101352","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-06T13:21:58","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2981,"text":"PLoS Pathogens","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A missing dimension in measures of vaccination impacts","docAbstract":"<p><span>Immunological protection, acquired from either natural infection or vaccination, varies among hosts, reflecting underlying biological variation and affecting population-level protection. Owing to the nature of resistance mechanisms, distributions of susceptibility and protection entangle with pathogen dose in a way that can be decoupled by adequately representing the dose dimension. Any infectious processes must depend in some fashion on dose, and empirical evidence exists for an effect of exposure dose on the probability of transmission to mumps-vaccinated hosts&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Barskey1\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Barskey1\">[1]</a><span>, the case-fatality ratio of measles&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Aaby1\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Aaby1\">[2]</a><span>, and the probability of infection and, given infection, of symptoms in cholera&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Hornick1\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Hornick1\">[3]</a><span>. Extreme distributions of vaccine protection have been termed leaky (partially protects all hosts) and all-or-nothing (totally protects a proportion of hosts)&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Halloran1\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Halloran1\">[4]</a><span>. These distributions can be distinguished in vaccine field trials from the time dependence of infections&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Smith1\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Smith1\">[5]</a><span>. Frailty mixing models have also been proposed to estimate the distribution of protection from time to event data&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Halloran2\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Halloran2\">[6]</a><span>,&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Longini1\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Longini1\">[7]</a><span>, although the results are not comparable across regions unless there is explicit control for baseline transmission&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Struchiner1\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Struchiner1\">[8]</a><span>. Distributions of host susceptibility and acquired protection can be estimated from dose-response data generated under controlled experimental conditions&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Furumoto1\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Furumoto1\">[9]</a><span>–</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Haas1\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Haas1\">[11]</a><span>&nbsp;and natural settings&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Smith2\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Smith2\">[12]</a><span>,&nbsp;</span><a class=\"ref-tip\" href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Gomes1\" data-mce-href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plospathogens/article?id=10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849#ppat.1003849-Gomes1\">[13]</a><span>. These distributions can guide research on mechanisms of protection, as well as enable model validity across the entire range of transmission intensities. We argue for a shift to a dose-dimension paradigm in infectious disease science and community health.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS Pathogens","doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849","usgsCitation":"Gomes, M., Wargo, A., Lipsitch, M., Kurath, G., Rebelo, C., Medley, G.F., and Coutinho, A., 2014, A missing dimension in measures of vaccination impacts: PLoS Pathogens, v. 10, no. 3, e1003849, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849.","productDescription":"e1003849, 3 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051994","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473122,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003849","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383027,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53516ef2e4b05569d8059f27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gomes, M. Gabriela M.","contributorId":67409,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gomes","given":"M. Gabriela M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wargo, Andrew","contributorId":73480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wargo","given":"Andrew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lipsitch, Marc","contributorId":201198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipsitch","given":"Marc","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":2629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rebelo, Carlota","contributorId":13135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rebelo","given":"Carlota","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Medley, Graham F.","contributorId":80581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medley","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Coutinho, Antonio","contributorId":54111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coutinho","given":"Antonio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70124417,"text":"70124417 - 2014 - Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-13T15:07:53","indexId":"70124417","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-06T11:43:38","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size","docAbstract":"<p>Forests are major components of the global carbon cycle, providing substantial feedback to atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. Our ability to understand and predict changes in the forest carbon cycle—particularly net primary productivity and carbon storage - increasingly relies on models that represent biological processes across several scales of biological organization, from tree leaves to forest stands. Yet, despite advances in our understanding of productivity at the scales of leaves and stands, no consensus exists about the nature of productivity at the scale of the individual tree, in part because we lack a broad empirical assessment of whether rates of absolute tree mass growth (and thus carbon accumulation) decrease, remain constant, or increase as trees increase in size and age. Here we present a global analysis of 403 tropical and temperate tree species, showing that for most species mass growth rate increases continuously with tree size. Thus, large, old trees do not act simply as senescent carbon reservoirs but actively fix large amounts of carbon compared to smaller trees; at the extreme, a single big tree can add the same amount of carbon to the forest within a year as is contained in an entire mid-sized tree. The apparent paradoxes of individual tree growth increasing with tree size despite declining leaf-level and stand-level productivity can be explained, respectively, by increases in a tree’s total leaf area that outpace declines in productivity per unit of leaf area and, among other factors, age-related reductions in population density. Our results resolve conflicting assumptions about the nature of tree growth, inform efforts to understand and model forest carbon dynamics, and have additional implications for theories of resource allocation and plant senescence.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Nature Publishing Group","doi":"10.1038/nature12914","usgsCitation":"Stephenson, N., Das, A., Condit, R., Russo, S., Baker, P., Beckman, N., Coomes, D., Lines, E., Morris, W., Rüger, N., Alvarez, E., Blundo, C., Bunyavejchewin, S., Chuyong, G., Davies, S., Duque, A., Ewango, C., Flores, O., Franklin, J., Grau, H., Hao, Z., Harmon, M.E., Hubbell, S., Kenfack, D., Lin, Y., Makana, J., Malizia, A., Malizia, L., Pabst, R., Pongpattananurak, N., Su, S., Sun, I., Tan, S., Thomas, D., van Mantgem, P.J., Wang, X., Wiser, S., and Zavala, M., 2014, Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases continuously with tree size: Nature, v. 507, p. 90-93, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12914.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"93","numberOfPages":"4","ipdsId":"IP-050838","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":29789,"text":"John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473123,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/12757","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293769,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12914"}],"volume":"507","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54140b25e4b082fed288b956","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephenson, 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,{"id":70057372,"text":"ds805 - 2014 - Atrazine reduces reproduction in fathead minnow (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>): raw data report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-20T14:59:30","indexId":"ds805","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-06T11:41:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"805","title":"Atrazine reduces reproduction in fathead minnow (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>): raw data report","docAbstract":"The herbicide, atrazine, routinely is observed in surface and groundwaters, particularly in the “corn belt” region, a high-use area of the United States. Atrazine has demonstrated effects on reproduction in mammals and amphibians, but the characterization of endocrine-related effects in fish has received only limited attention. Peak concentrations of atrazine in surface water of streams from these agricultural areas coincide with annual spawning events of native fishes. Consequently, there was an unacceptable level of uncertainty in our understanding of the risks associated with the periods of greatest atrazine exposure and greatest vulnerability of certain species of fishes. For this reason, a study of the effects of atrazine on fathead minnow reproduction was undertaken (Tillitt and others, 2010). This report provides the raw data from that study.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds805","usgsCitation":"Tillitt, D.E., Papoulias, D.M., Whyte, J.J., and Richter, C.A., 2014, Atrazine reduces reproduction in fathead minnow (<i>Pimephales promelas</i>): raw data report: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 805, iii, 136 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds805.","productDescription":"iii, 136 p.","numberOfPages":"144","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-044472","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds805.jpg"},{"id":283417,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/805/"},{"id":283418,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/805/pdf/ds805.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4e6ee4b0b290850f218a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tillitt, Donald E. 0000-0002-8278-3955 dtillitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-3955","contributorId":1875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tillitt","given":"Donald","email":"dtillitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Whyte, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":100738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whyte","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Richter, Cathy A. 0000-0001-7322-4206 crichter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-4206","contributorId":1878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richter","given":"Cathy","email":"crichter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70068816,"text":"ds818 - 2014 - Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T11:14:27","indexId":"ds818","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-05T11:17:06","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"818","title":"Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2012","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, designed and operates a series of monitoring stations on streams and springs throughout Missouri known as the Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network. During the 2012 water year (October 1, 2011, through September 30, 2012), data were collected at 81 stations&mdash;73 Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network stations, 6 alternate Ambient Water-Quality Monitoring Network stations, and 2 U.S. Geological Survey National Stream Quality Accounting Network stations. Dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, water temperature, suspended solids, suspended sediment, fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli bacteria, dissolved nitrate plus nitrite as nitrogen, total phosphorus, dissolved and total recoverable lead and zinc, and select pesticide compound summaries are presented for 78 of these stations. The stations primarily have been classified into groups corresponding to the physiography of the State, primary land use, or unique station types. In addition, a summary of hydrologic conditions in the State including peak discharges, monthly mean discharges, and 7-day low flow is presented.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds818","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Barr, M.N., 2014, Quality of surface water in Missouri, water year 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 818, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds818.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051073","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds818.jpg"},{"id":283381,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/818/"},{"id":283382,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/818/pdf/ds818.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95.77,36.0 ], [ -95.77,40.61 ], [ -89.1,40.61 ], [ -89.1,36.0 ], [ -95.77,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6ea1e4b0b29085105e7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barr, Miya N. 0000-0002-9961-9190 mnbarr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9961-9190","contributorId":3686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barr","given":"Miya","email":"mnbarr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70056140,"text":"sir20135201 - 2014 - Simulation of groundwater flow pathlines and freshwater/saltwater transition zone movement, Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-11T12:42:53","indexId":"sir20135201","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-05T09:55:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5201","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow pathlines and freshwater/saltwater transition zone movement, Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York","docAbstract":"A density-dependent groundwater flow and solute transport model of Manhasset Neck, Long Island, New York, was used to analyze (1) the effects of seasonal stress on the position of the freshwater/saltwater transition zone and (2) groundwater flowpaths. The following were used in the simulation: 182 transient stress periods, representing the historical record from 1920 to 2011, and 44 transient stress periods, representing future hypothetical conditions from 2011 to 2030. Simulated water-level and salinity (chloride concentration) values are compared with values from a previously developed two-stress-period (1905–1944 and 1945–2005) model. The 182-stress-period model produced salinity (chloride concentration) values that more accurately matched the observed salinity (chloride concentration) values in response to hydrologic stress than did the two-stress-period model, and salinity ranged from zero to about 3 parts per thousand (equivalent to zero to 1,660 milligrams per liter chloride). The 182-stress-period model produced improved calibration statistics of water-level measurements made throughout the study area than did the two-stress-period model, reducing the Lloyd aquifer root mean square error from 7.0 to 5.2 feet. Decreasing horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities (fixed anisotropy ratio) of the Lloyd and North Shore aquifers by 20 percent resulted in nearly doubling the simulated salinity(chloride concentration) increase at Port Washington observation well N12508. Groundwater flowpath analysis was completed for 24 production wells to delineate water source areas. The freshwater/saltwater transition zone moved toward and(or) away from wells during future hypothetical scenarios.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135201","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Town of North Hempstead and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Misut, P., and Aphale, O., 2014, Simulation of groundwater flow pathlines and freshwater/saltwater transition zone movement, Manhasset Neck, Nassau County, New York (First posted March 5, 2014; Version 1.1, July 11, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5201, Report: vii, 44 p.; 2 Videos, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135201.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 44 p.; 2 Videos","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-034695","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135201.jpg"},{"id":283375,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5201/"},{"id":283377,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5201/video/sir2013-5201_video1.mp4"},{"id":283378,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5201/video/sir2013-5201_video2.mp4"},{"id":283376,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5201/pdf/sir2013-5201.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.76,40.6 ], [ -73.76,41.0 ], [ -73.5,41.0 ], [ -73.5,40.6 ], [ -73.76,40.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted March 5, 2014; Version 1.1, July 11, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517062e4b05569d805a3b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Misut, Paul","contributorId":93822,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Misut","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aphale, Omkar","contributorId":47695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aphale","given":"Omkar","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70074383,"text":"sir20135208 - 2014 - Digital surfaces and thicknesses of selected hydrogeologic units within the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, northwestern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-05T09:26:17","indexId":"sir20135208","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-05T09:16:14","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5208","title":"Digital surfaces and thicknesses of selected hydrogeologic units within the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, northwestern Arkansas","docAbstract":"Digital surfaces and thicknesses of nine hydrogeologic units of the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system from land surface to the top of the Gunter Sandstone in northwestern Arkansas were created using geophysical logs, drillers’ logs, geologist-interpreted formation tops, and previously published maps. The 6,040 square mile study area in the Ozark Plateaus Province includes Benton, Washington, Carroll, Madison, Boone, Newton, Marion, and Searcy Counties. The top of each hydrogeologic unit delineated on geophysical logs was based partly on previously published reports and maps and also from drillers’ logs. These logs were then used as a basis to contour digital surfaces showing the top and thickness of the Fayetteville Shale, the Boone Formation, the Chattanooga Shale, the Everton Formation, the Powell Dolomite, the Cotter Dolomite, the Roubidoux Formation, the Gasconade Dolomite, and the Gunter Sandstone.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135208","usgsCitation":"Czarnecki, J.B., Bolyard, S., Hart, R.M., and Clark, J.M., 2014, Digital surfaces and thicknesses of selected hydrogeologic units within the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system, northwestern Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5208, Report: iv, 25 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135208.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 25 p.; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052411","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283373,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5208/downloads/"},{"id":283374,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135208.jpg"},{"id":283371,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5208/"},{"id":283372,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5208/pdf/sir2013-5208.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,35 ], [ -95,36.75 ], [ -92,36.75 ], [ -92,35 ], [ -95,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5517e4b0b290850f61e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Czarnecki, John B. jczarnec@usgs.gov","contributorId":2555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czarnecki","given":"John","email":"jczarnec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":489552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bolyard, Susan E.","contributorId":47321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolyard","given":"Susan E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Clark, Jimmy M. 0000-0002-3138-5738 jmclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3138-5738","contributorId":4773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Jimmy","email":"jmclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70074340,"text":"ds823 - 2014 - Geophysical logging of bedrock wells for geothermal gradient characterization in New Hampshire, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:31:51","indexId":"ds823","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-05T08:53:14","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"823","title":"Geophysical logging of bedrock wells for geothermal gradient characterization in New Hampshire, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Hampshire Geological Survey, measured the fluid temperature of groundwater and other geophysical properties in 10 bedrock wells in the State of New Hampshire in order to characterize geothermal gradients in bedrock. The wells selected for the study were deep (five ranging from 375 to 900 feet and five deeper than 900 feet) and 6 had low water yields, which correspond to low groundwater flow from fractures. This combination of depth and low water yield reduced the potential for flow-induced temperature changes that would mask the natural geothermal gradient in the bedrock. All the wells included in this study are privately owned, and permission to use the wells was obtained from landowners before geophysical logs were acquired for this study. National Institute of Standards and Technology thermistor readings were used to adjust the factory calibrated geophysical log data. A geometric correction to the gradient measurements was also necessary due to borehole deviation from vertical.</p>\n<p>Maximum groundwater temperatures at the bottom of the logs ranged from 11.2 to 15.4 degrees Celsius. Geothermal gradients were generally higher than those typically reported for other water wells in the United States. Some of the high gradients were associated with high natural gamma emissions. Groundwater flow was discernible in 4 of the 10 wells studied but only obscured the part of the geothermal gradient signal where groundwater actually flowed into, out of, or through the well. Temperature gradients varied by mapped bedrock type but can also vary by localized differences in mineralogy or rock type within the wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds823","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Hampshire Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Degnan, J.R., Barker, G., Olson, N., and Wilder, L., 2014, Geophysical logging of bedrock wells for geothermal gradient characterization in New Hampshire, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 823, Report: vi, 19 p.; Log data, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds823.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; Log data","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052633","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science 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Neil","contributorId":42845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Neil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilder, Leland","contributorId":39252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilder","given":"Leland","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70094668,"text":"fs20143018 - 2014 - The 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake and tsunamis: a modern perspective and enduring legacies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T08:48:12","indexId":"fs20143018","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-05T08:09:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-3018","title":"The 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake and tsunamis: a modern perspective and enduring legacies","docAbstract":"The magnitude 9.2 Great Alaska Earthquake that struck south-central Alaska at 5:36 p.m. on Friday, March 27, 1964, is the largest recorded earthquake in U.S. history and the second-largest earthquake recorded with modern instruments. The earthquake was felt throughout most of mainland Alaska, as far west as Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands some 480 miles away, and at Seattle, Washington, more than 1,200 miles to the southeast of the fault rupture, where the Space Needle swayed perceptibly. The earthquake caused rivers, lakes, and other waterways to slosh as far away as the coasts of Texas and Louisiana. Water-level recorders in 47 states—the entire Nation except for Connecticut, Delaware, and Rhode Island— registered the earthquake. It was so large that it caused the entire Earth to ring like a bell: vibrations that were among the first of their kind ever recorded by modern instruments. The Great Alaska Earthquake spawned thousands of lesser aftershocks and hundreds of damaging landslides, submarine slumps, and other ground failures. Alaska’s largest city, Anchorage, located west of the fault rupture, sustained heavy property damage. Tsunamis produced by the earthquake resulted in deaths and damage as far away as Oregon and California. Altogether the earthquake and subsequent tsunamis caused 129 fatalities and an estimated $2.3 billion in property losses (in 2013 dollars). Most of the population of Alaska and its major transportation routes, ports, and infrastructure lie near the eastern segment of the Aleutian Trench that ruptured in the 1964 earthquake. Although the Great Alaska Earthquake was tragic because of the loss of life and property, it provided a wealth of data about subductionzone earthquakes and the hazards they pose. The leap in scientific understanding that followed the 1964 earthquake has led to major breakthroughs in earth science research worldwide over the past half century. This fact sheet commemorates Great Alaska Earthquake and examines the advances in knowledge and technology that have helped to improve earthquake preparation and response both in Alaska and around the world.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20143018","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Filson, J.R., Fuis, G.S., Haeussler, P.J., Holzer, T.L., Plafker, G., and Blair, J., 2014, The 1964 Great Alaska Earthquake and tsunamis: a modern perspective and enduring legacies: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2014-3018, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20143018.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-053855","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20143018.jpg"},{"id":283364,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3018/"},{"id":283365,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2014/3018/pdf/fs2014-3018.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -158.2,55.2 ], [ -158.2,64.1 ], [ -137.2,64.1 ], [ -137.2,55.2 ], [ -158.2,55.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517066e4b05569d805a3e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Filson, John R. 0000-0001-8840-6301 jfilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-6301","contributorId":5078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Filson","given":"John","email":"jfilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fuis, Gary S. 0000-0002-3078-1544 fuis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3078-1544","contributorId":2639,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuis","given":"Gary","email":"fuis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Holzer, Thomas L. tholzer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"Thomas","email":"tholzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490791,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Plafker, George","contributorId":3920,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Plafker","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490792,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blair, J. Luke","contributorId":102573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blair","given":"J. Luke","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70095239,"text":"70095239 - 2014 - Mercury accumulation in sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) from Lake Huron","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T09:51:31","indexId":"70095239","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-04T09:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury accumulation in sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) from Lake Huron","docAbstract":"We determined whole-fish total mercury (Hg) concentrations of 40 male and 40 female adult sea lampreys (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) captured in the Cheboygan River, a tributary to Lake Huron, during May 2011. In addition, bioenergetics modeling was used to explore the effects of sex-related differences in activity and resting (standard) metabolic rate (SMR) on mercury accumulation. The grand mean for Hg concentrations was 519 ng/g (standard error of the mean = 46 ng/g). On average, males were 16% higher in Hg concentration than females. Bioenergetics modeling results indicated that 14% higher activity and SMR in males would account for this observed sex difference in Hg concentrations. We concluded that the higher Hg concentration in males was most likely due to higher rate of energy expenditure in males, stemming from greater activity and SMR. Our findings have implications for estimating the effects of sea lamprey populations on mercury cycling within ecosystems, as well as for the proposed opening of sea lamprey fisheries. Eventually, our results may prove useful in improving control of sea lamprey, a pest responsible for substantial damage to fisheries in lakes where it is not native.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science of the Total Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.081","usgsCitation":"Madenjian, C.P., Johnson, N.S., Siefkes, M.J., Dettmers, J.M., Blum, J.D., and Johnson, M.W., 2014, Mercury accumulation in sea lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) from Lake Huron: Science of the Total Environment, v. 470-471, p. 1313-1319, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.081.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1313","endPage":"1319","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-052064","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283205,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":283204,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.081"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Cheboygan River;Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.4999,45.5638 ], [ -84.4999,45.6698 ], [ -84.4396,45.6698 ], [ -84.4396,45.5638 ], [ -84.4999,45.5638 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"470-471","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517054e4b05569d805a31f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madenjian, Charles P. 0000-0002-0326-164X cmadenjian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0326-164X","contributorId":2200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madenjian","given":"Charles","email":"cmadenjian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Nicholas S. 0000-0002-7419-6013 njohnson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-6013","contributorId":597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Nicholas","email":"njohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Siefkes, Michael J.","contributorId":36905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Siefkes","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dettmers, John M.","contributorId":27395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dettmers","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blum, Joel D.","contributorId":83657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blum","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Johnson, Marcus W.","contributorId":37650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Marcus","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":491146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70094909,"text":"ofr20141038 - 2014 - Passage and survival probabilities of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Dam, Oregon, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T08:49:20","indexId":"ofr20141038","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-03T16:02:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1038","title":"Passage and survival probabilities of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Dam, Oregon, 2012","docAbstract":"<p>This report describes studies of juvenile-salmon dam passage and apparent survival at Cougar Dam, Oregon, during two operating conditions in 2012. Cougar Dam is a 158-meter tall rock-fill dam used primarily for flood control, and passes water through a temperature control tower to either a powerhouse penstock or to a regulating outlet (RO). The temperature control tower has moveable weir gates to enable water of different elevations and temperatures to be drawn through the dam to control water temperatures downstream. A series of studies of downstream dam passage of juvenile salmonids were begun after the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration determined that Cougar Dam was impacting the viability of anadromous fish stocks. The primary objectives of the studies described in this report were to estimate the route-specific fish passage probabilities at the dam and to estimate the survival probabilities of fish passing through the RO. The first set of dam operating conditions, studied in November, consisted of (1) a mean reservoir elevation of 1,589 feet, (2) water entering the temperature control tower through the weir gates, (3) most water routed through the turbines during the day and through the RO during the night, and (4) mean RO gate openings of 1.2 feet during the day and 3.2 feet during the night. The second set of dam operating conditions, studied in December, consisted of (1) a mean reservoir elevation of 1,507 ft, (2) water entering the temperature control tower through the RO bypass, (3) all water passing through the RO, and (4) mean RO gate openings of 7.3 feet during the day and 7.5 feet during the night. The studies were based on juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) surgically implanted with radio transmitters and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. Inferences about general dam passage percentage and timing of volitional migrants were based on surface-acclimated fish released in the reservoir. Dam passage and apparent survival probabilities were estimated using the Route-Specific-Survival Model with data from surface-acclimated fish released near the water surface directly upstream of the temperature control tower (treatment group) and slightly downstream of the dam (control group). In this study, apparent survival is the joint probability of surviving and migrating through the study area during the life of the transmitters.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Two rearing groups were used to enable sufficient sample sizes for the studies. The groups differed in feed type, and for the December study only, the rearing location. Fish from each group were divided nearly equally among all combinations of release sites, release times, and surgeons. The sizes, travel times, and survivals of the two rearing groups were similar. There were statistical differences in fish lengths and travel times of the two groups, but they were small and likely were not biologically meaningful. There also was evidence of a difference in single-release estimates of survival between the rearing groups during the December study, but the differences had little effect on the relative survival estimates so the analyses of passage and survival were based on data from the rearing groups pooled.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Conditions during the December study were more conducive to passing volitionally migrating fish than conditions during the November study. The passage percentage of the fish released in the reservoir was similar between studies (about 70 percent), but the passage occurred in a median of 1.0 day during the December study and a median of 9.3 days during the November study. More than 93 percent of the dam passage of volitionally migrating fish occurred at night during each study. This finding corroborates results of previous studies at Cougar Dam and suggests that the operating conditions at night are most important to volitionally migrating fish, given the current configuration of the dam.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Most fish released near the temperature control tower passed through the RO. A total of 92.2 percent of the treatment group passed through the RO during the November study and the RO was the only route open during the December study.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The assumptions of the survival model were either met or adjusted for during each study. There was little evidence that tagger skill or premature failure of radio transmitters had an effect on survival estimates. There were statistically significant differences in travel times between treatment and control groups through several of the river reaches they had in common, but the differences were typically only a few hours, and the two groups likely experienced the same in-river conditions. There was direct evidence of bias due to detection of euthanized fish with live transmitters released as part of the study design. The bias was ameliorated by adjusting the survival estimates for the probability of detecting dead fish with live transmitters, which reduced the estimated survival probabilities by about 0.02.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The data and models indicated that the treatment effect was not fully expressed until the study reach terminating with Marshall Island Park on the Willamette River, a distance of 105.8 kilometers downstream of Cougar Dam. This was the first reach in which the 95-percent confidence interval of the estimated reach-specific relative survival overlapped 1.0, indicating similar survival of treatment and control groups. The median travel time of the treatment group from release to Marshall Island Park was 1.64 days during the November study and 1.36 days during the December study.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The survival probability of fish that passed into the RO was greater during the December study than during the November study. The relative survival probability of fish passing through the RO was 0.4594 (standard error [SE] 0.0543) during the November study and 0.7389 (SE 0.1160) during the December study. These estimates represent relative survival probabilities from release near Cougar Dam to the Marshall Island site.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The estimated survival probability of RO passage was lower than previous studies based on balloon and PIT tags, but higher than a similar study based on radio transmitters. We suggest that, apart from dam operations, the differences in survival primarily are due to the release location. We hypothesize that the balloon- and PIT-tagged fish released through a hose at a point near the RO gate opening experienced more benign conditions than the radio-tagged fish passing the RO volitionally. This hypothesis could be tested with further study. An alternative hypothesis is that some live fish remained within the study area beyond the life of their radio transmitter.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The results from these and previous studies indicate that entrainment and survival of juvenile salmonids passing Cougar Dam varies with dam operating conditions. The condition most conducive to dam passage has been the discharge and low pool elevation condition tested during December 2012. That condition included large RO gate openings and was the condition with the highest dam passage survival.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141038","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., Evans, S.D., Haner, P.V., Hansel, H.C., Hansen, A.C., Smith, C., and Sprando, J.M., 2014, Passage and survival probabilities of juvenile Chinook salmon at Cougar Dam, Oregon, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1038, vi, 64 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141038.","productDescription":"vi, 64 p.","numberOfPages":"74","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2012-01-01","temporalEnd":"2012-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-049334","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283195,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141038.jpg"},{"id":283194,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1038/pdf/ofr2014-1038.pdf"},{"id":283193,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1038/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Cougar Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.7449,43.356 ], [ -122.7449,44.9 ], [ -121.768,44.9 ], [ -121.768,43.356 ], [ -122.7449,43.356 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6aa9e4b0b2908510367f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Scott D. 0000-0003-0452-7726 sdevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-7726","contributorId":4408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Scott","email":"sdevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haner, Philip V. 0000-0001-6940-487X phaner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-487X","contributorId":2364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haner","given":"Philip","email":"phaner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hansel, Hal C. 0000-0002-3537-8244 hhansel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-8244","contributorId":2887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansel","given":"Hal","email":"hhansel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hansen, Amy C. 0000-0002-0298-9137 achansen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0298-9137","contributorId":4350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Amy","email":"achansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smith, Collin D. 0000-0003-4184-5686 cdsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4184-5686","contributorId":7915,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Collin D.","email":"cdsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sprando, Jamie M. jsprando@usgs.gov","contributorId":4005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprando","given":"Jamie","email":"jsprando@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70093762,"text":"ofr20141028 - 2014 - Contaminants of emerging concern in the lower Stillaguamish River Basin, Washington, 2008-11","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-06T09:02:27","indexId":"ofr20141028","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-03T15:51:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1028","title":"Contaminants of emerging concern in the lower Stillaguamish River Basin, Washington, 2008-11","docAbstract":"<p>A series of discrete water-quality samples were collected in the lower Stillaguamish River Basin near the city of Arlington, Washington, through a partnership with the Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians. These samples included surface waters of the Stillaguamish River, adjacent tributary streams, and paired inflow and outflow sampling at three wastewater treatment plants in the lower river basin. Chemical analysis of these samples focused on chemicals of emerging concern, including wastewater compounds, human-health pharmaceuticals, steroidal hormones, and halogenated organic compounds on solids and sediment. This report presents the methods used and data results from the chemical analysis of these samples</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141028","issn":"2327-638X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians","usgsCitation":"Wagner, R.J., Moran, P.W., Zaugg, S.D., Sevigny, J.M., and Pope, J.M., 2014, Contaminants of emerging concern in the lower Stillaguamish River Basin, Washington, 2008-11 (Version 1.0: Originally posted March 3, 2014; Version 2.0: June 3, 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1028, Report: vi, 14 p.; 20 Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141028.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 14 p.; 20 Tables","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2011-12-31","ipdsId":"IP-040609","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283191,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141028.PNG"},{"id":322167,"rank":6,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_table04.xlsx","text":"Table 4"},{"id":322168,"rank":7,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_table05.xlsx","text":"Table 5"},{"id":322169,"rank":8,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_table06.xlsx","text":"Table 6"},{"id":322170,"rank":9,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_table07.xlsx","text":"Table 7"},{"id":322171,"rank":10,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_table08.xlsx","text":"Table 8"},{"id":322172,"rank":11,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_table09.xlsx","text":"Table 9"},{"id":322173,"rank":12,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_table10.xlsx","text":"Table 10"},{"id":322174,"rank":13,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableA1.xlsx","text":"Table A1"},{"id":322175,"rank":14,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableA2.xlsx","text":"Table A2"},{"id":322176,"rank":15,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableA3.xlsx","text":"Table A3"},{"id":322177,"rank":16,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableA4.xlsx","text":"Table A4"},{"id":322178,"rank":17,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableA5.xlsx","text":"Table A5"},{"id":322179,"rank":18,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableB1.xlsx","text":"Table B1"},{"id":322180,"rank":19,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableB2.xlsx","text":"Table B2"},{"id":322181,"rank":20,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableB3.xlsx","text":"Table B3"},{"id":322182,"rank":21,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableB4.xlsx","text":"Table B4"},{"id":322183,"rank":22,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableB5.xlsx","text":"Table B5"},{"id":322184,"rank":23,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_tableB6.xlsx","text":"Table B6"},{"id":322185,"rank":24,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/versionHist.txt","text":"Revised June 3, 2016"},{"id":283186,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/"},{"id":283190,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/pdf/ofr2014-1028.pdf"},{"id":322165,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_table02.xlsx","text":"Table 2"},{"id":322166,"rank":5,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1028/downloads/ofr2014-1028_table03.xlsx","text":"Table 3"}],"projection":"Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"Northern American Datum of 1983","country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Stillaguasmish River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.333333,48.0 ], [ -122.333333,48.5 ], [ -121.5,48.5 ], [ -121.5,48.0 ], [ -122.333333,48.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted March 3, 2014; Version 2.0: June 3, 2016","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd52ace4b0b290850f4aba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Richard J. rjwagner@usgs.gov","contributorId":3122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Richard","email":"rjwagner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moran, Patrick W. 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zaugg, Steven D. sdzaugg@usgs.gov","contributorId":768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zaugg","given":"Steven","email":"sdzaugg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":490200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sevigny, Jennifer M.","contributorId":36452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevigny","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pope, Judy M.","contributorId":93377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70095372,"text":"ofr20141042 - 2014 - Evaluation of juvenile salmonid behavior near a prototype weir box at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington, 2013","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-04T08:47:56","indexId":"ofr20141042","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-03T15:43:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2014-1042","title":"Evaluation of juvenile salmonid behavior near a prototype weir box at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington, 2013","docAbstract":"<p>Collection of juvenile salmonids at Cowlitz Falls Dam is a critical part of the effort to restore salmon in the upper Cowlitz River because the majority of fish that are not collected at the dam pass downstream and enter a large reservoir where they become landlocked and lost to the anadromous fish population. However, the juvenile fish collection system at Cowlitz Falls Dam has failed to achieve annual collection goals since it first began operating in 1996. Since that time, numerous modifications to the fish collection system have been made and several prototype collection structures have been developed and tested, but these efforts have not substantially increased juvenile fish collection. Studies have shown that juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) tend to locate the collection entrances effectively, but many of these fish are not collected and eventually pass the dam through turbines or spillways. Tacoma Power developed a prototype weir box in 2009 to increase capture rates of juvenile salmonids at the collection entrances, and this device proved to be successful at retaining those fish that entered the weir. However, because of safety concerns at the dam, the weir box could not be deployed near a spillway gate where the prototype was tested, so the device was altered and re-deployed at a different location, where it was evaluated during 2013. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an evaluation using radiotelemetry to monitor fish behavior near the weir box and collection flumes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The evaluation was conducted during April–June 2013. Juvenile steelhead and coho salmon (45 per species) were tagged with a radio transmitter and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag, and released upstream of the dam. All tagged fish moved downstream and entered the forebay of Cowlitz Falls Dam. Median travel times from the release site to the forebay were 0.8 d for steelhead and 1.2 d for coho salmon. Most fish spent several days in the dam forebay; median forebay residence times were 4.4 d for juvenile steelhead and 5.7 d for juvenile coho salmon. A new radio transmitter model was used during the study period. The transmitter had low detection probabilities on underwater antennas located within the collection system, which prevented us from reporting performance metrics (discovery efficiency, entrance efficiency, retention efficiency) that are traditionally used to evaluate fish collection systems.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Most tagged steelhead (98 percent) and coho salmon (84 percent) were detected near the weir box or collection flume entrances during the study period; 39 percent of tagged steelhead and 55 percent of tagged coho salmon were detected at both entrances. Sixty-three percent of the tagged steelhead that were detected at both entrances were first detected at the weir box, compared to 52 percent of the coho salmon. Twelve steelhead and 15 coho salmon detected inside the weir box eventually left the device and were collected in collection flumes or passed the dam. Overall, collection rates were relatively high during the study period. Sixty-five percent of the steelhead and 80 percent of the coho salmon were collected during the study, and most of the remaining fish passed the dam and entered the tailrace (24 percent of steelhead; 13 percent of coho salmon). The remaining 11 percent of steelhead and 7 percent of coho salmon did not pass the dam while their transmitters were operating.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>We were able to confirm collection of tagged fish at the fish facility using three approaches: (1) detection of radio transmitters in study fish; (2) detection of PIT-tags in study fish; (3) observation of study fish by staff at the fish facility. Data from all three methods were used to develop a multistate mark-recapture model that estimated detection probabilities for the various monitoring methods. These estimates then were used to describe the percent of tagged fish that were collected through the weir box and collection flumes. Detection probabilities of PIT-tag antennas in the collection flumes were 0.895 for juvenile steelhead and 0.881 for juvenile coho salmon, although radiotelemetry detection probabilities were 0.654 and 0.646 for the two species, respectively. The multistate model estimates showed that all steelhead and most coho salmon (94.5 percent) that were collected at the dam entered the collection system through the flumes rather than through the weir box. None of the tagged steelhead and only 5.5 percent of the tagged coho salmon were collected through the weir box. These data show that juvenile steelhead and coho salmon collection rates were much higher through the collection flumes than through the weir box.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Low detection probabilities of tagged fish in the fish collection system resulted in uncertainty for some aspects of our evaluation. Missing detection records within the collection system for fish that were known to have been collected resulted in four tagged steelhead and seven tagged coho salmon being removed from the dataset, which was used to assess discovery rates of the weir box and collection flumes. However, the multistate model allowed us to provide unbiased estimates of the percentage of tagged fish that were collected through each route, and these data showed that few fish were collected through the weir box.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Overall, the fish collection system performed reasonably well in collecting juvenile steelhead and coho salmon during the 2013 collection season. Fish collection efficiency estimates from the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife showed that steelhead collection efficiency was slightly higher than the 10-year average (46 percent compared to 42 percent), whereas coho salmon collection efficiency was more than twice as high as the 10-year average (63 percent compared to 30 percent). However, the performance of the weir box was poor because most fish were collected through the collection flumes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141042","issn":"2331-1258","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Liedtke, T.L., Ekstrom, B.K., Tomka, R.G., and Rondorf, D.W., 2014, Evaluation of juvenile salmonid behavior near a prototype weir box at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington, 2013: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1042, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141042.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052870","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283189,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20141042.jpg"},{"id":283185,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1042/"},{"id":283188,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2014/1042/pdf/ofr2014-1042.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cowlitz Falls Dam","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.220474,45.85151 ], [ -123.220474,46.386227 ], [ -122.238731,46.386227 ], [ -122.238731,45.85151 ], [ -123.220474,45.85151 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd5868e4b0b290850f8104","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Liedtke, Theresa L. 0000-0001-6063-9867 tliedtke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-9867","contributorId":2999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liedtke","given":"Theresa","email":"tliedtke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ekstrom, Brian K. 0000-0002-1162-1780 bekstrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1162-1780","contributorId":3704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ekstrom","given":"Brian","email":"bekstrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tomka, Ryan G. 0000-0003-1078-6089 rtomka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1078-6089","contributorId":3706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomka","given":"Ryan","email":"rtomka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rondorf, Dennis W. drondorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rondorf","given":"Dennis","email":"drondorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":491164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70057598,"text":"70057598 - 2014 - Sex in the Suwannee, the secretive love life of Gulf Sturgeons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T13:53:53","indexId":"70057598","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-03T15:31:37","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":711,"text":"American Currents","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex in the Suwannee, the secretive love life of Gulf Sturgeons","docAbstract":"<p>Mid-February in the Gulf of Mexico and a timeless ritual is about to repeat itself for perhaps the millionth time. Some mysterious signal, possibly increasing day length, flips an internal switch, feeding stops, and the homeward migration begins for the Gulf Sturgeon (<i>Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi</i>). From far flung places along the Gulf Coast, Gulf Sturgeons start heading back to their natal rivers – they know the way instinctively. Maybe they seek out the special chemical taste of their home river, imprinted at hatching. Or perhaps the ultrasensitive electric organs decorating the underside of the snout can follow the map of the earth’s magnetic field. Either way, time to make a beeline for the welcoming waters of the Suwannee River, or maybe the Apalachicola, Choctawhatchee, or one of four other spawning rivers. Some of the adults are on a special mission – time to spawn, time to perpetuate the species. Mature males form the first wave in this homebound marathon, eager to get to the spawning grounds, eager to be the first to greet ready females with a series of sharp clicking sounds. Only spawning once each three years, females laden with large black eggs demure, taking their time, arriving in mid to late March, a month behind the early males. But most sturgeons, juveniles and immature adults not ready to spawn, are simply heading home. Not prompted by the spawning urge, they are just following the ancient annual cycle of intense winter feeding in the Gulf, followed by several months of fasting and R&amp;R in the river. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"North American Native Fishes Association","usgsCitation":"Sulak, K.J., 2014, Sex in the Suwannee, the secretive love life of Gulf Sturgeons: American Currents, v. 39, no. 3, p. 22-24.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"22","endPage":"24","ipdsId":"IP-044494","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341667,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nanfa.org/ac2.shtml"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.24169921875,\n              32.30570601389429\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37353515625,\n              31.952162238024975\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37353515625,\n              30.845647420182598\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.37353515625,\n              30.240086360983426\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3076171875,\n              29.783449456820605\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.7802734375,\n              29.668962525992505\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.31884765624999,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.83544921874999,\n              29.859701442126756\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.08837890625,\n              29.859701442126756\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.42919921875,\n              29.859701442126756\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.07763671875,\n              29.878755346037977\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.37451171875,\n              29.878755346037977\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.8251953125,\n              29.649868677972304\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.3857421875,\n              29.286398892934763\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.74853515625,\n              29.36302703778376\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.1552734375,\n              29.401319510041485\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.34228515625,\n              29.132970130878636\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.3974609375,\n              29.32472016151103\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.2216796875,\n              30.012030680358613\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.353515625,\n              30.543338954230222\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.5732421875,\n              31.071755902820133\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.68310546875,\n              31.765537409484374\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.232421875,\n              31.98944183792288\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.00146484374999,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.83642578125,\n              31.98944183792288\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.67138671875,\n              32.008075959291055\n            ],\n            [\n              -86.63818359375,\n              32.02670629333614\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.62695312499999,\n              32.045332838858506\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.505859375,\n              32.08257455954592\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.3408203125,\n              32.194208672875384\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.97802734375,\n              32.194208672875384\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.24169921875,\n              32.30570601389429\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"39","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59269bb7e4b0b7ff9fb48973","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sulak, Kenneth J. 0000-0002-4795-9310 ksulak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-9310","contributorId":2217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sulak","given":"Kenneth","email":"ksulak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048964,"text":"sir20105070J - 2014 - A deposit model for carbonatite and peralkaline intrusion-related rare earth element deposits","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-09T23:54:22.187043","indexId":"sir20105070J","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-03T14:19:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5070","chapter":"J","title":"A deposit model for carbonatite and peralkaline intrusion-related rare earth element deposits","docAbstract":"<p>Carbonatite and alkaline intrusive complexes, as well as their weathering products, are the primary sources of rare earth elements. A wide variety of other commodities have been exploited from carbonatites and alkaline igneous rocks including niobium, phosphate, titanium, vermiculite, barite, fluorite, copper, calcite, and zirconium. Other elements enriched in these deposits include manganese, strontium, tantalum, thorium, vanadium, and uranium. Carbonatite and peralkaline intrusion-related rare earth element deposits are presented together in this report because of the spatial, and potentially genetic, association between carbonatite and alkaline rocks. Although these rock types occur together at many locations, carbonatite and peralkaline intrusion-related rare earth element deposits are not generally found together.</p>\n<p>Carbonatite hosted rare earth element deposits are found throughout the world, but currently only five are being mined for rare earth elements: Bayan Obo, Daluxiang, Maoniuping, and Weishan deposits in China and the Mountain Pass deposit in California, United States. These deposits are enriched in light rare earth elements, including lanthanum, cerium, praseodynium, and neodynium. The principal rare earth element-minerals associated with carbonatites are fluocarbonates (bastn&auml;site, parisite, and synchysite), hydrated carbonates (ancylite), and phosphates (monazite) with bastn&auml;site being the primary ore mineral. Calcite and dolomite are the primary gangue minerals. At present, the only rare earth element production from a peralkaline intrusion-related deposit is as a byproduct commodity at the Lovozero deposit in Russia. Important rare earth element minerals found in various deposits include apatite, eudialyte, loparite, gittinsite, xenotime, gadolinite, monazite, bastn&auml;site, kainosite, mosandrite, britholite, allanite, fergusonite, and zircon, and these minerals tend to be enriched in heavy rare earth elements.</p>\n<p>Carbonatite and alkaline intrusive complexes are derived from partial melts of mantle material, and neodymium isotopic data are consistent with the rare earth elements being derived from the parental magma. Deposits and these associated rock types tend to occur within stable continental tectonic units, in areas defined as shields, cratons, and crystalline blocks; they are generally associated with intracontinental rift and fault systems. Protracted fractional crystallization of the magma leads to enrichment in rare earth elements and other incompatible elements. Rare earth element mineralization associated with carbonatites can occur as either primary mineral phases or as mineralization associated with late stage orthomagmatic fluids. Rare earth element mineralization associated with alkaline intrusive complexes may occur as primary phases in magmatic layered complexes or as late-stage dikes and veins.</p>\n<p>The greatest environmental challenges associated with carbonatite and peralkaline intrusion-related rare earth element deposits center on the associated uranium and thorium. Considerable uncertainty exists around the toxicity of rare earth elements and warrants further investigation. The acid-generating potential of carbonatites and peralkaline intrusion-related deposits is low due to the dominance of carbonate minerals in carbonatite deposits, the presence of feldspars and minor calcite within the alkaline intrusion deposits, and only minor quantities of potentially acid-generating sulfides. Therefore, acid-drainage issues are not likely to be a major concern associated with these deposits. Uranium has the potential to be recovered as a byproduct, which would mitigate some of its environmental effects. However, thorium will likely remain a waste-stream product that will require management since progress is not being made towards the development of thorium-based nuclear reactors in the United States or other large scale commercial uses. Because some deposits are rich in fluorine and beryllium, these elements may be of environmental concern in certain locations.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mineral deposit models for resource assessment (Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105070J","usgsCitation":"Verplanck, P.L., Van Gosen, B.S., Seal, R., and McCafferty, A.E., 2014, A deposit model for carbonatite and peralkaline intrusion-related rare earth element deposits: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5070, x, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105070J.","productDescription":"x, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-039549","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":283180,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/j/pdf/sir2010-5070J.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":283179,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5070/j/"},{"id":283181,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20105070j.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd49bae4b0b290850ef5c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Verplanck, Philip L. 0000-0002-3653-6419 plv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"Philip","email":"plv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seal, Robert R. II 0000-0003-0901-2529 rseal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-2529","contributorId":397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seal","given":"Robert R.","suffix":"II","email":"rseal@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70093612,"text":"70093612 - 2014 - Estimating movement and survival rates of a small saltwater fish using autonomous antenna receiver arrays and passive integrated transponder tags","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-31T09:50:11","indexId":"70093612","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-03T13:50:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2663,"text":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating movement and survival rates of a small saltwater fish using autonomous antenna receiver arrays and passive integrated transponder tags","docAbstract":"We evaluated the performance of small (12.5 mm long) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags and custom detection antennas for obtaining fine-scale movement and demographic data of mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus in a salt marsh creek. Apparent survival and detection probability were estimated using a Cormack Jolly Seber (CJS) model fitted to detection data collected by an array of 3 vertical antennas from November 2010 to March 2011 and by a single horizontal antenna from April to August 2011. Movement of mummichogs was monitored during the period when the array of vertical antennas was used. Antenna performance was examined in situ using tags placed in wooden dowels (drones) and in live mummichogs. Of the 44 tagged fish, 42 were resighted over the 9 mo monitoring period. The in situ detection probabilities of the drone and live mummichogs were high (~80-100%) when the ambient water depth was less than ~0.8 m. Upstream and downstream movement of mummichogs was related to hourly water depth and direction of tidal current in a way that maximized time periods over which mummichogs utilized the intertidal vegetated marsh. Apparent survival was lower during periods of colder water temperatures in December 2010 and early January 2011 (median estimate of daily apparent survival = 0.979) than during other periods of the study (median estimate of daily apparent survival = 0.992). During late fall and winter, temperature had a positive effect on the CJS detection probability of a tagged mummichog, likely due to greater fish activity over warmer periods. During the spring and summer, this pattern reversed possibly due to mummichogs having reduced activity during the hottest periods. This study demonstrates the utility of PIT tags and continuously operating autonomous detection systems for tracking fish at fine temporal scales, and improving estimates of demographic parameters in salt marsh creeks that are difficult or impractical to sample with active fishing gear.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Ecology Progress Series","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps10656","usgsCitation":"Rudershausen, P.J., Buckel, J.A., Dubreuil, T., O’Donnell, M.J., Hightower, J.E., Poland, S.J., and Letcher, B., 2014, Estimating movement and survival rates of a small saltwater fish using autonomous antenna receiver arrays and passive integrated transponder tags: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 499, p. 177-192, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10656.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"192","numberOfPages":"16","temporalStart":"2010-11-01","temporalEnd":"2011-08-31","ipdsId":"IP-044977","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10656","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":285124,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282316,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps10656"}],"volume":"499","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517037e4b05569d805a1ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rudershausen, Paul J.","contributorId":43669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rudershausen","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buckel, Jeffery A.","contributorId":42872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckel","given":"Jeffery","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dubreuil, Todd","contributorId":36457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubreuil","given":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"O’Donnell, Matthew J. 0000-0002-9089-2377 modonnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-2377","contributorId":2003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Donnell","given":"Matthew","email":"modonnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hightower, Joseph E. jhightower@usgs.gov","contributorId":835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hightower","given":"Joseph","email":"jhightower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":490079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poland, Steven J.","contributorId":77455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":490085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Letcher, Benjamin H. 0000-0003-0191-5678","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-5678","contributorId":24774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Letcher","given":"Benjamin H.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":490081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70099105,"text":"70099105 - 2014 - Managing prairie dogs by managing plague: a vaccine for the future?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-18T11:14:36","indexId":"70099105","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-03T12:42:56","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Managing prairie dogs by managing plague: a vaccine for the future?","docAbstract":"<p>The Black-footed Ferret Recovery Implementation Team Executive Committee is conducting a project to develop,<br />and (hopefully) eventually implement, a plague vaccination program for prairie dogs. The project is a component of the Western<br />Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies Grasslands Conservation Initiative. An effective, field-worthy vaccine against plague<br />could be the biggest breakthrough in recovery efforts for the black-footed ferret since the 1981 rediscovery of wild ferrets near<br />Meeteetse, Wyoming. If proven efficacious, the vaccine could help agencies and stakeholder cooperators maintain specific<br />populations of prairie dogs at robust levels, thus enhancing range-wide conservation of those species, as well recovery of the ferret,<br />while enabling control of other prairie dog populations to resolve site-specific agricultural and human health concerns. The results<br />of laboratory and field-testing in the early stages of developing this vaccine are preliminary but mostly encouraging. A plan for<br />broad-scale application is being developed for possible use when testing has been completed and (if warranted) the vaccine is<br />registered for governmental use. An overview of all aspects of the project is discussed.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 26th Vertebrate Pest Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"26th Vertebrate Pest Conference","conferenceLocation":"Waikoloa, HI","language":"English","publisher":"University of California, Davis","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T.B., Rocke, T.E., Gober, P., Van Pelt, B.E., Miller, M., Tripp, D.W., Abbott, R.C., and Bergman, D.L., 2014, Managing prairie dogs by managing plague: a vaccine for the future?, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 26th Vertebrate Pest Conference, Waikoloa, HI, p. 331-334.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"331","endPage":"334","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055572","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":312472,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":312471,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.vpconference.org/Proceedings_of_the_Vertebrate_Pest_Conference/View_Table_of_Contents_of_Proceedings/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5673eac5e4b0da412f4f8255","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Terry B.","contributorId":115694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rocke, Tonie E. 0000-0003-3933-1563 trocke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-1563","contributorId":2665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocke","given":"Tonie","email":"trocke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gober, Pete","contributorId":120750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gober","given":"Pete","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Pelt, Bill E.","contributorId":116191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Pelt","given":"Bill","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Michael W.","contributorId":119351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Michael W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tripp, Daniel W.","contributorId":17910,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tripp","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13449,"text":"Colorado Division of Parks and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":518629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Abbott, Rachel C. 0000-0003-4820-9295 rabbott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4820-9295","contributorId":1183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abbott","given":"Rachel","email":"rabbott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bergman, David L.","contributorId":120676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergman","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70202702,"text":"70202702 - 2014 - The U. S. Geological Survey carbon dioxide storage efficiency value methodology: Results and observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T12:34:07","indexId":"70202702","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-03T12:28:49","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5215,"text":"Energy Procedia","onlineIssn":"1876-6102","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"The U. S. Geological Survey carbon dioxide storage efficiency value methodology: Results and observations","title":"The U. S. Geological Survey carbon dioxide storage efficiency value methodology: Results and observations","docAbstract":"<p><span>In order to complete the 2013 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment of carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) storage resources</span><span>, a methodology was needed to determine the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>storage efficiency of individual rock strata</span><span>. The method that was used involved a storage efficiency approximation by MacMinn et al.</span><span>, combined with a brine viscosity model by Mao and Duan,</span><span>&nbsp;and thermal and pressure data from petroleum fields across basins</span><span>. The resulting efficiencies indicated that both salinity of the pore fluid and the thermal gradient have a strong effect on the amount of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;that strata could store.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.542","issn":"1876-6102","usgsCitation":"Brennan, S.T., 2014, The U. S. Geological Survey carbon dioxide storage efficiency value methodology: Results and observations: Energy Procedia, v. 63, p. 5123-5129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.542.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"5123","endPage":"5129","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.542","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362178,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70202701,"text":"70202701 - 2014 - Significance of carbon dioxide density estimates for basin-scale storage resource assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-19T12:34:41","indexId":"70202701","displayToPublicDate":"2014-03-03T12:21:19","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5215,"text":"Energy Procedia","onlineIssn":"1876-6102","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Significance of carbon dioxide density estimates for basin-scale storage resource assessments","title":"Significance of carbon dioxide density estimates for basin-scale storage resource assessments","docAbstract":"<p><span>The geologic carbon dioxide (CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>) storage resource size is a function of the density of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;in the subsurface. The pressure and temperature of the storage reservoir at depth affect the CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;density. Therefore, knowing these subsurface conditions allows for improved resource estimates of potential geologic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;storage capacity. In 2012, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of geologic CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;storage resources for large sedimentary basins in onshore and State waters areas of the U.S. Evaluating the subsurface conditions and CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;density in these basins was integral to the assessment. To better understand these conditions, investigations of pressure and temperature gradients, typically derived from borehole data and analog studies, were assembled at the basin scale. Based on the USGS assessment results and findings here, changes in subsurface pressure and temperature may yield density changes up to 40 percent, which may translate into significant changes in storage resource estimates.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.543","issn":"1876-6102","usgsCitation":"Buursink, M.L., 2014, Significance of carbon dioxide density estimates for basin-scale storage resource assessments: Energy Procedia, v. 63, p. 5130-5140, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.543.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"5130","endPage":"5140","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.543","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":362179,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"63","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X mbuursink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":3362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc","email":"mbuursink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":759542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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