{"pageNumber":"1403","pageRowStart":"35050","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40871,"records":[{"id":44719,"text":"wri924047 - 1991 - Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer system, Cheyenne urban area, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T21:23:58.491315","indexId":"wri924047","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"92-4047","title":"Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer system, Cheyenne urban area, Wyoming","docAbstract":"<p>The Cheyenne area is on broad tablelands that form part of the High Plains aquifer. Surficial deposits, along with the Ogallala Formation and the White River Group, are included in the High Plains aquifer in the study area, and both unconfined and confined ground-water conditions exist within 100 feet of land surface. During wet years, shallow ground-water problems affect urban development. The High Plains aquifer is considered an aquifer system in the Cheyenne area. Water-yielding sandstone and conglomerate units are surrounded by sequences of clay and silt; although the water-yielding units under confined conditions may be areally extensive, they are not easily identified. Urban development has modified the High Plains aquifer system locally as indicated by the mapped potentiometric surfaces, the perched water zones, and the surface-drainage patterns. That part of the system in the shallow zones is affected by excavations and by structures that penetrate the saturated zones.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/wri924047","usgsCitation":"Cooley, M.E., and Crist, M.A., 1991, Geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer system, Cheyenne urban area, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 92-4047, 4 Plates: 43.75 x 35.00 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri924047.","productDescription":"4 Plates: 43.75 x 35.00 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":5050,"text":"WY-MT Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":162783,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82015,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4047/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82017,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4047/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82016,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4047/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82014,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1992/4047/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":110258,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47624.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"47624"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Cheyenne","otherGeospatial":"High Plains aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.91287316773818,\n              41.21845790398558\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.91287316773818,\n              41.05831167067973\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.70642356416842,\n              41.05831167067973\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.70642356416842,\n              41.21845790398558\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.91287316773818,\n              41.21845790398558\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a895b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Maurice E.","contributorId":8077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Maurice","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Crist, Marvin A.","contributorId":63376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crist","given":"Marvin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1000610,"text":"1000610 - 1991 - Roles of predation, food, and temperature in structuring the epilimnetic zooplankton populations in Lake Ontario, 1981-1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:22:32","indexId":"1000610","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Roles of predation, food, and temperature in structuring the epilimnetic zooplankton populations in Lake Ontario, 1981-1986","docAbstract":"<p><span>We sampled phytoplankton, zooplankton, and alewives<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>and measured water temperature in Lake Ontario during 1981&ndash;1986. Through the use of general linear regression models we then sought evidence of control of the eplimnetic zooplankton community (mid-July to mid-October) by producers, consumers, and temperature. Our measures of the zooplankton community were total biomass, cladoceran biomass, and the ratio of large to small<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Daphnia</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>spp. (</span><i>D. galeata mendotae</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>and</span><i>D. retrocurva</i><span>). Zooplankton population variables assessed were abundance, egg ratio, and productivity. Through factor analysis, factors were created from the standardized, transformed independent variables for use in the regression analyses. Regression models showed significant inverse relationships (</span><i>P</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>&lt; 0.05) between alewives and<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bosmina longirostris</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(abundance, production, and egg ratio),<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Ceriodaphnia lacustris</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(egg ratio), and</span><i>Daphnia retrocurva</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>(egg ratio).<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Bosmina longirostris</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>and<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>D. retrocurva</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>egg ratios were inversely related to algae biomass (&lt;20 &mu;m), thus the smaller algae might be controlled in part by the zooplankton community. Production of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>C. lacustris</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>was directly related to temperature, as was the production and abundance of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>Tropocyclops prasinus</i><span>. The annual size-frequency distributions of<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>B. longirostris</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>and<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span></span><i>D. retrocurva</i><span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">&nbsp;</span>were inversely related to yearling alewife abundance and directly related to adult alewife abundance, which suggested that yearlings use a particulate-feeding mode on these zooplankton species more frequently than adults. We found no significant negative correlations among the zooplankton species, which suggested that interzooplankton predation and competition were not as important in structuring the community as were planktivory and temperature.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0193:ROPFAT>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johannsson, O.E., and O’Gorman, R., 1991, Roles of predation, food, and temperature in structuring the epilimnetic zooplankton populations in Lake Ontario, 1981-1986: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 120, no. 2, p. 193-208, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1991)120<0193:ROPFAT>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"208","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133285,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"120","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cba7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johannsson, Ora E.","contributorId":25527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johannsson","given":"Ora","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":308907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":2000064,"text":"2000064 - 1991 - Chemical contamination and physical characteristics of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:57","indexId":"2000064","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":66,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"GL-015-91; EPA-905/9-91/018","title":"Chemical contamination and physical characteristics of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels 1985","docAbstract":"Contamination of sediments by toxic organic substances and heavy metals was widespread throughout the connecting channels of the upper Great Lakes in 1985.  Sediments at 250 stations in the connecting channels were analyzed for total PCBs, oil and grease, phenols, total cyanide, total volatile solids, mercury, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc, and the results were evaluated according to U.S. EPA guidelines for polluted sediments.  Sediments were most heavily contaminated near industrialized areas, although some areas more than 40 km downstream from known point sources of pollution were moderately contaminated by oil and metals.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office.","publisherLocation":"Chicago, IL","collaboration":"Out-of-print","usgsCitation":"Bertram, P.E., Edsall, T.A., Manny, B.A., Nichols, S., and Schloesser, D.W., 1991, Chemical contamination and physical characteristics of sediments in the upper Great Lakes connecting channels 1985: Report GL-015-91; EPA-905/9-91/018, 80 p.","productDescription":"80 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"80","numberOfPages":"80","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":94574,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://nepis.epa.gov/Adobe/PDF/200077AN.PDF","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":198713,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e3ed6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bertram, Paul E.","contributorId":36652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bertram","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Edsall, Thomas A.","contributorId":84302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edsall","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":325035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Manny, Bruce A. 0000-0002-4074-9329 bmanny@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4074-9329","contributorId":3699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manny","given":"Bruce","email":"bmanny@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nichols, Susan J.","contributorId":48905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Susan J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":325031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":1016612,"text":"1016612 - 1991 - [Book review] Modern Elementary Probability and Statistics, by E. J. Dudewicz, P. Chen, and B. K. Taneja","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-27T13:02:26","indexId":"1016612","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3523,"text":"Technometrics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"[Book review] Modern Elementary Probability and Statistics, by E. J. Dudewicz, P. Chen, and B. K. Taneja","docAbstract":"Review of: Modern Elementary Probability and Statistics, by Edward J. Dudewicz, Pinyuen Chen, and Baldeo K. Taneja. Colombus, OH: American Sciences Press, 1989, ix + 372 pp., $34.50 (paperback).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Technometrics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Statistical Association","publisherLocation":"Alexandria, VA","doi":"10.1080/00401706.1991.10484856","usgsCitation":"Johnson, D.H., 1991, [Book review] Modern Elementary Probability and Statistics, by E. J. Dudewicz, P. Chen, and B. K. Taneja: Technometrics, v. 33, no. 3, p. 370-371, https://doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1991.10484856.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"370","endPage":"371","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262950,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00401706.1991.10484856"},{"id":133033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Douglas H. 0000-0002-7778-6641","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7778-6641","contributorId":70327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":324506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014589,"text":"1014589 - 1991 - Response of first-feeding spring chinook salmon to four potential chemical modifiers of feed intake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-24T15:28:13.293384","indexId":"1014589","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of first-feeding spring chinook salmon to four potential chemical modifiers of feed intake","docAbstract":"<p><span>The feed intake of first‐feeding spring chinook salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i><span>) changed significantly when the amino acid glycine or the ammonium‐containing trimethylamine was added to experimental diets in a 2‐week feeding trial. Glycine enhanced feed consumption, whereas trimethylamine (which occurs in rancid fish meals and oils) decreased it. This effect of trimethylamine may indicate that the fish were sensitive to it as an indicator of the freshness of their feed; this possible sensitivity may play a role in the apparent aversion that salmonids and other fish show toward highly oxidized meals and oils.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0015:CROFFS%3E2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hughes, S.G., 1991, Response of first-feeding spring chinook salmon to four potential chemical modifiers of feed intake: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 53, no. 1, p. 15-17, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1991)053%3C0015:CROFFS%3E2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"17","numberOfPages":"3","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132119,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adedc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hughes, S. G.","contributorId":92200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016599,"text":"70016599 - 1991 - Major results of gravity and magnetic studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016599","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Major results of gravity and magnetic studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"About 4,000 gravity stations have been obtained at Yucca Mountain and vicinity since the beginning of radioactive-waste studies there in 1978. These data have been integrated with data from about 29,000 stations previously obtained in the surrounding region to produce a series of Bouguer and isostatic-residual-gravity maps of the Nevada Test Site and southeastern Nevada. Yucca Mountain is characterized by a WNW-dipping gravity gradient whereby residual values of -10 mGal along the east edge of Yucca Mountain decrease to about -38 mGal over Crater Flat. Using these gravity data, two-dimensional modeling predicted the depth to pre-Cenozoic rocks near the proposed repository to be about 1,220??150 m, an estimate that was subsequently confirmed by drilling to be 1,244 m. Three-dimensional modeling of the gravity low over Crater Flat indicates the thickness of Cenozoic volcanic rocks and alluvial cover to be about 3,000 m. Gravity interpretations also identified the Silent Canyon caldera before geologic mapping of Pahute Mesa and provided an estimate of the thickness of the volcanic section there of nearly 5 km.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628310","usgsCitation":"Oliver, H.W., Ponce, D., and Sikora, R.F., 1991, Major results of gravity and magnetic studies at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991, p. 787-794.","startPage":"787","endPage":"794","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c1ce4b0c8380cd699f7","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536334,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Oliver, H. W.","contributorId":85570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, D. A. 0000-0003-4785-7354","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":104019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"D. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sikora, R. F.","contributorId":21923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sikora","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1008635,"text":"1008635 - 1991 - Satellite telemetry: performance of animal-tracking systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-13T09:32:58","indexId":"1008635","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite telemetry: performance of animal-tracking systems","docAbstract":"<p>t: We used 10 Telonics ST-3 platform transmitter terminals (PTT's) configured for wolves and ungulates to examine the performance of the Argos satellite telemetry system. Under near-optimal conditions, 68 percentile errors for location qualities (NQ) 1, 2, and 3 were 1,188, 903, and 361 m, respectively. Errors (rE) exceeded expected values for NQ = 2 and 3, varied greatly among PTT's, increased as the difference (HE) between the estimated and actual PTT elevations increased, and were correlated nonlinearly with maximum satellite pass height (P,). We present a model of the relationships among rE, HE, and PH. Errors were bimodally distributed along the east-west axis and tended to occur away from the satellite when HE was positive. A southeasterly bias increased with HE, probably due to the particular distribution of satellite passes and effects of HE on rE. Under near-optimal conditions, 21 sensor message was received for up to 64% of available (PH, 50) satellite passes, and a location (NQ 2 1) was calculated for up to 63% of such passes. Sampling frequencies of sensor and location data declined 13 and 70%, respectively, for PTT's in a valley bottom and 65 and 86%, respectively, for PTT's on animals that were in valley bottoms. Sampling frequencies were greater for ungulate than for wolf collars. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3809254","usgsCitation":"Keating, K., Brewster, W.G., and Key, C.H., 1991, Satellite telemetry: performance of animal-tracking systems: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 160-171, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809254.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"160","endPage":"171","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":132555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdbff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Keating, Kim A.","contributorId":20271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keating","given":"Kim A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brewster, Wayne G.","contributorId":149968,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brewster","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Key, Carl H. carl_key@usgs.gov","contributorId":4138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"Carl","email":"carl_key@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":318318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70016560,"text":"70016560 - 1991 - Fission-track age (400,000 yr) of the Rockland tephra, based on inclusion of zirco grains lacking fossil fission tracks","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-25T14:51:29","indexId":"70016560","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fission-track age (400,000 yr) of the Rockland tephra, based on inclusion of zirco grains lacking fossil fission tracks","docAbstract":"A zircon fission-track age of about 400,000 yr B.P. has been determined for the Rockland tephra, a widespread pyroclastic layer in northern California and western Nevada. New ages of zircon separates from both proximal and distal exposures of this layer range from 370,000 to 460,000 yr; ages of the best material provide a narrower range, from 370,000 yr for unwelded ash-flow tuff to 420,000 yr for distal air-fall ash that appears to be uncontaminated by clastic detritus or xenocrysts. Detrital or xenocrystic grains in the ash-flow tuff may have been annealed during emplacement and cooling of the tuff. Detrital and xenocrystic zircons are identified on the basis of their physical characteristics and distinctly older ages. Independent stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic data constrain the age of the Rockland tephra between 300,000 and 600,000 yr, a range that is compatible with the fission-track age. Zircon grains containing no spontaneous (fossil) tracks are regarded as part of the normal population of comagmatic grains because maximum ages calculated for these grains form a population that mimics the distribution of ages of individual zircon grains that contain fossil tracks; modal ages of both groups fall between 250,000 and 500,000 yr. Induced fission tracks from grains that lack fossil tracks are included in the age calculations, resulting in significantly younger and more coherent dates than would result if these tracks had been omitted, especially those of the finer-grained distal samples. ?? 1991.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0033-5894(91)90051-6","issn":"00335894","usgsCitation":"Meyer, C., Sarna-Wojcicki, A., Hillhouse, J.W., Woodward, M., Slate, J.L., and Sorg, D.H., 1991, Fission-track age (400,000 yr) of the Rockland tephra, based on inclusion of zirco grains lacking fossil fission tracks: Quaternary Research, v. 35, no. 3 PART 1, p. 367-382, https://doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(91)90051-6.","startPage":"367","endPage":"382","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266499,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(91)90051-6"},{"id":222860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"3 PART 1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a10bee4b0c8380cd53db6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, C.E.","contributorId":104023,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M. 0000-0002-0244-9149","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":104022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hillhouse, John W.","contributorId":29475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hillhouse","given":"John","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodward, M.J.","contributorId":57434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Slate, J. L.","contributorId":97039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sorg, D. H.","contributorId":63380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorg","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":1002351,"text":"1002351 - 1991 - Control of pest species: Tree shelters help protect seedlings from nutria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-16T11:10:01","indexId":"1002351","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3272,"text":"Restoration & Management Notes","onlineIssn":"2573-0762","printIssn":"0733-0707","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Control of pest species: Tree shelters help protect seedlings from nutria","docAbstract":"Various methods of nutria preventative techniques were tested in attempts to curb the loss of seedlings due to nutria capturing. The results of testing possibly indicate that tree shelters have real potential for use in forest restoration projects on sites with moderate nutria populations. Tree shelters may even prove effective on sites with high nutria populations, as long as alternative food supplies are available.","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin Press","doi":"10.3368/er.9.2.122","usgsCitation":"Allen, J.A., and Boykin, R., 1991, Control of pest species: Tree shelters help protect seedlings from nutria: Restoration & Management Notes, v. 9, no. 2, p. 122-124, https://doi.org/10.3368/er.9.2.122.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"122","endPage":"124","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133930,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268467,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43439948"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1991-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0b3b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allen, J. A.","contributorId":82644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allen","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boykin, R.","contributorId":106075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boykin","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":5222574,"text":"5222574 - 1991 - Band reporting rates for mallards with reward bands of different dollar values","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-29T17:10:41.208692","indexId":"5222574","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Band reporting rates for mallards with reward bands of different dollar values","docAbstract":"<p>Adult male mallards (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) were banded in summer 1987 with reward bands of different dollar values (0-$400) to determine the lowest dollar value that would yield a reporting rate approaching 1.0. During the 1987-88 and 1988-89 hunting seasons, rewards of between 50 and $100 were required to yield a reporting rate near 1.0. We estimated reporting rate of standard bands to be 0.32. Reward bands with 5 and $10 values produced reporting rates that were 1.5-2.0 times as large as those of standard bands. We developed a linear-logistic model to predict reporting rate as a function of the dollar value of reward bands.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3809248","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., Blohm, R.J., Reynolds, R.E., Trost, R.E., Hines, J., and Bladen, J.P., 1991, Band reporting rates for mallards with reward bands of different dollar values: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 55, no. 1, p. 119-126, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809248.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"119","endPage":"126","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199538,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada","otherGeospatial":"Manitoba, Saskatchewan","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.8160045334979,\n              54.16079739003527\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8160045334979,\n              48.98422672815778\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.1682999161388,\n              48.98422672815778\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.1682999161388,\n              54.16079739003527\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.8160045334979,\n              54.16079739003527\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"55","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blohm, Robert J.","contributorId":202242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blohm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36385,"text":"Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Retired, Bowie, MD 20715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":336552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Ronald E.","contributorId":174572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Trost, Robert E.","contributorId":114181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trost","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bladen, Judith P.","contributorId":26773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bladen","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70162361,"text":"70162361 - 1991 - On seismological moments and magnitudes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-04T15:17:21","indexId":"70162361","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On seismological moments and magnitudes","docAbstract":"<p>My approach to seismology over the years has always been from the point of view of applied mathematics, as exemplified broadly by the work of the late Sir Harold Jeffreys and Professor K. E. Bullen. Both stresses the development of mathematics in the context of physical systems and of modeling, with an eye always on the side of inference. Seismology provided for them and still provides today the almost perfect paradigm; the problem is the resolution of the detailed consitution of the Earth and its geologically short-term dynamics. The latter part, includes, of course, seismic-risk estimation. The last 20 years have seen the construction of a brilliant theoretical &nbsp;formalism for linear inverse problems in seismology , although, oddly enough, the current popular Earth models do not take account it. It is interesting too that the narrow opinion, prevelent a decade ago, to the effect that the traditional seismic body-wave approaches to structural definition were superceded, has been largely abandoned under today's banner of tomography-as though the Oldham-Jeffreys-Gutenbery inversions were not tomography.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Bolt, B.A., 1991, On seismological moments and magnitudes: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 3, p. 111-112.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"112","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":314641,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56a20f4de4b0961cf2811c13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bolt, B. A.","contributorId":152427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bolt","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":589298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016731,"text":"70016731 - 1991 - Simulation of vertical compaction in models of regional ground-water flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70016731","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Simulation of vertical compaction in models of regional ground-water flow","docAbstract":"A new computer program was developed to simulate vertical compaction in models of regional ground-water flow. The program accounts for ground-water storage changes and compaction in discontinuous interbeds or in extensive confining beds. The new program is a package for the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model. Several features of the program make it useful for application in shallow unconfined flow systems. Geostatic load can be treated as a function of water-table elevation, and compaction is a function of computed changes in effective stress at the center of a model layer. Thickness of compressible sediments in an unconfined model layer can vary in proportion to saturated thickness. The new package was tested by comparison with an existing model of one-dimensional compaction.","largerWorkTitle":"IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences)","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Land Subsidence","conferenceDate":"12 May 1991 through 17 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Houston, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by Int Assoc of Hydrological Sciences","publisherLocation":"Wallingford, United Kingdom","isbn":"0947571922","usgsCitation":"Leake, S.A., 1991, Simulation of vertical compaction in models of regional ground-water flow, <i>in</i> IAHS Publication (International Association of Hydrological Sciences), no. 200, Houston, TX, USA, 12 May 1991 through 17 May 1991, p. 565-574.","startPage":"565","endPage":"574","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"200","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b90b8e4b08c986b319645","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536344,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Leake, S. A.","contributorId":52164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leake","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70016900,"text":"70016900 - 1991 - Evaluation of geographic information systems for three-dimensional ground-water modeling, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:53","indexId":"70016900","displayToPublicDate":"1991-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evaluation of geographic information systems for three-dimensional ground-water modeling, Yucca Mountain, Nevada","docAbstract":"Fully three-dimensional representations of the geologic system at Yucca Mountain have been developed using a Geoscientific Information System, which is an expansion of a traditional Geographic Information Systems. These advanced, three dimensional, representations of Yucca Mountain are required to adequately evaluate the complex geologic and hydrologic conditions surrounding the site. This Geoscientific Information System will be used to store, analyze, and display site data. The system also will provide a link between geologic and hydrologic data and the numerical ground-water-flow model resulting in more easy testing of hypotheses concerning the conceptual model of the geohydrologic system at Yucca Mountain.","largerWorkTitle":"High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on High Level Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628310","usgsCitation":"Turner, A.K., Ervin, E.M., and Downey, J.S., 1991, Evaluation of geographic information systems for three-dimensional ground-water modeling, Yucca Mountain, Nevada, <i>in</i> High Level Radioactive Waste Management, Las Vegas, NV, USA, 28 April 1991 through 3 May 1991, p. 520-528.","startPage":"520","endPage":"528","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c79e4b0c8380cd52b79","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anon","contributorId":128316,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Anon","id":536353,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Turner, A. Keith","contributorId":39400,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ervin, Elisabeth M.","contributorId":28377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ervin","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Downey, Joe S.","contributorId":102454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downey","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70125400,"text":"70125400 - 1991 - Clarifications and corrections of the dates of issue of some publications containing descriptions of North American birds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-16T14:09:54","indexId":"70125400","displayToPublicDate":"1990-10-01T14:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":890,"text":"Archives of Natural History","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clarifications and corrections of the dates of issue of some publications containing descriptions of North American birds","docAbstract":"<p>The date of issue of a work containing a new scientific name determines the date the name is available and, therefore, the priority of the name with respect to other applied to the same taxon.  Differences between the dates printed in publications and the actual dates of issues often resulted from procedures in distribution and erratic publishing schedules, especially before the twentieth century.  Distribution, including that to subscribers, was usually the responsibility of the author (Jackson, 1975: 14-15).  Early publications were customarily issues in parts (Price, 1982) and the dated title page was usually issued last, which complicates matters of establishing an actual publication date.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Early bibliographic works, especially those of Sherborn (e.g., 1902-1933), Mathews (e.g., 1911, 1919, 1925), Waterhouse (e.g., 1885, 1889, 1937), Zimmer (1926), and Richmond (e.g., 1899b, 1902, 1917), have provided information on the actual dates of issue of many ornithological works.  Many modern publications (e.g. American Ornithologists' Union [A.O.U.], 1957, 1983; various volumes of Peters's check-lists) have neglected recent, and some older, bibliographic works on several sources of scientific names of birds that affect the proper citations.  Here, we clarify information on the dates of issue of some publications on North American (<i>sensu</i>, A.O.U., 1983) birds.  In the event the actual day of issue cannot be determined, the last day of the month or year, whichever was known, or, lacking such information, the printed date, is the date of availability of the scientific name (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1985: Article 21).  Sources for determining the dates of issue include bibliographic works and the invaluable notes of Charles W. Richmond (in the Division of Birds library, Smithsonian Institution).  In the following, books are listed alphabetically by the author of the scientific names, and journals by the first word in their title.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Archives of Natural History","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Bibliography of Natural History","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.3366/anh.1991.18.3.381","usgsCitation":"Browning, M.R., and Monroe, B.L., 1991, Clarifications and corrections of the dates of issue of some publications containing descriptions of North American birds: Archives of Natural History, v. 18, no. 3, p. 381-405, https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.1991.18.3.381.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"405","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293986,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293985,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1991.18.3.381"}],"volume":"18","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54195127e4b091c7ffc8e5f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, M. Ralph","contributorId":8528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Monroe, Burt L. Jr.","contributorId":87074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monroe","given":"Burt","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":501391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29913,"text":"wri894136 - 1991 - Hydrogeology and water quality of glacial-drift aquifers in the Bemidji-Bagley area, Beltrami, Clearwater, Cass, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-14T18:38:18.607962","indexId":"wri894136","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1991","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4136","title":"Hydrogeology and water quality of glacial-drift aquifers in the Bemidji-Bagley area, Beltrami, Clearwater, Cass, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Unconfined and the upper confined aquifers in glacial drift are the primary sources of water in a 1,600 square-mile area including parts of Beltrami, Cass, Clearwater, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota. The unconfineddrift aquifer consists of coarse sand and gravel in the center of the study area. The total area underlain by the unconfined-drift aquifer is approximately 550 square miles. The unconfined aquifer ranges in thickness from 0 to 130 feet, and is greater than 20 feet thick over an area of 280 square miles. On the basis of scant data, the transmissivity of the unconfined aquifer ranges from less than 70 feet squared per day in the south and west to greater than 8,900 feet squared per day in an area west of Bemidji. Well yields from 10 to 300 gallons per minute are possible in some areas. The unconfined and upper confined-drift aquifers are separated by a fine-grained confining unit of till or lake deposits.</p>\n<p>The thickness of the upper confined-drift aquifer ranges from 0 to 60 feet in the Bemidji area. On the basis of specific-capacity and aquifer-thickness data, and results of model simulations, the transmissivity of the upper confined-drift aquifer ranges from less than 100 feet squared per day in the south and west parts of the aquifer to about 12,800 feet squared per day in the area around Bemidji. Well yields of 10 to 2,100 gallons per minute are possible in some areas.</p>\n<p>The direction of ground-water flow in both unconfined and upper confineddrift aquifers is toward the Mississippi and Clearwater Rivers. These rivers are the major discharge points for both aquifers. Ground-water divides, which separate the ground-water flow systems that discharge to these rivers, are approximately coincidental with surface-water divides between the rivers.</p>\n<p>Water from both aquifers generally is of the calcium bicarbonate type and is very hard, averaging 309 and 267 milligrams per liter as CaCO<sub>3</sub> from confined and unconfined-drift aquifers, respectively. Water from both aquifers generally is suitable for drinking, crop irrigation, and most other uses. Concentrations of ammonia, boron, chromium, iron, manganese, and phenols, however, locally exceed recommended limits for drinking water (Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, 1988). Longer residence time and leakage through glacial till is believed to cause higher concentrations of common inorganic constituents in water from confined-drift aquifers than concentrations in water from the unconfined-drift aquifer. Elevated concentrations of nutrients, chloride, and phenols in the unconfined-drift aquifer may be related to land-use practices.</p>\n<p>Statistical comparisons of common chemical constituents in water from wells completed in the unconfined-drift aquifer in several land-use areas suggest that concentrations of many constituents and physical properties are generally greater for wells in areas of commercial and residential land-use than for wells in areas of agriculture or forest land-use. These constituents include ammonia plus organic nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfate, silica, dissolved solids, and specific conductances. The mean values of ammonia nitrogen, magnesium, and fluoride are generally greater for wells in commercial land-use type areas than for wells in forested and agricultural land-use type areas. The mean concentration of nitrogen (N0<sub>2</sub> + NO<sub>3</sub>, dissolved) is generally greater for wells in residential land-use type areas than for wells in forested and agricultural land-use type areas.</p>\n<p>The Kruskil-Wallis test, a nonparametric that for 12 of the 21 constituents sampled in groups in the unconfined-drift aquifer, a of these constituents and land use was found statistical technique, indicated common in all land-use type relation between the concentration to be statistically significant.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri894136","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Bemedji-Bagley Ground-Water Study Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., Busch, J.P., and Deters, M.H., 1991, Hydrogeology and water quality of glacial-drift aquifers in the Bemidji-Bagley area, Beltrami, Clearwater, Cass, and Hubbard Counties, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4136, x, 135 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894136.","productDescription":"x, 135 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414117,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47226.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58731,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4136/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121873,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4136/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Beltrami County, Cass County, Clearwater County, Hubbard County","otherGeospatial":"Bemidji-Bagley area","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.5294,\n              47.6906\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.5294,\n              47.12\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4133,\n              47.12\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.4133,\n              47.6906\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.5294,\n              47.6906\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6251fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Busch, J. P.","contributorId":54256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busch","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Deters, M. H.","contributorId":60277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deters","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26567,"text":"wri904135 - 1990 - A method to estimate canal leakage to the Biscayne Aquifer, Dade County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-14T12:11:38.515462","indexId":"wri904135","displayToPublicDate":"2021-10-13T11:05:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4135","title":"A method to estimate canal leakage to the Biscayne Aquifer, Dade County, Florida","docAbstract":"The leakage characteristics of channels that partially penetrate the Biscayne aquifer and have reduced bed permeability were studied. Leakage characteristics were described in terms of a reach transmissivity-defined as the volume flow rate out of the channel per unit length of the channel per unit drawdown, where drawdown is defined as the difference in altitude between the water surface in the canal and the water table in the adjacent aquifer. A theoretical expression was developed to relate the reach transmissivity to the transmissivity of the formation, mean channel width, distance of drawdown measurement from the channel centerline, ratio of drawdowns on both sides of the channel, and local reach transmissivity associated with reduced bed permeability. This theoretical expression was verified using a fine-scale numerical model, which gave accurate results when drawdowns were measured beyond 10 aquifer depths from the side of the channel. Using the theoretical formulation, it is shown that the reach transmissivity employed in regional ground-water models, which are based on average drawdowns within a cell, depends on the size of the cell as well as the transmissivity of the formation, channel width, and local reach transmissivity due to reduced bed permeability.\r\n\r\nThe theoretical reach transmissivity function was compared with field measurements at L-31N Canal and Snapper Creek Extension Canal in Dade County, Florida. Analyses of the data for both canals showed good agreement between the estimated and measured reach transmissivities. At L- 31N Canal, field measurements indicated that the local reach transmissivity was relatively uniform over a 2-mile reach of the channel (averaging 630 cubic feet per second per mile per foot), and the formation transmissivity was 1.8 x106 feet squared per day. At Snapper Creek Extension Canal, an approximate analysis was necessary due to the inability of the acoustic velocity meter to measure very low water velocities in the channel. Assuming an aquifer transmissivity of 1 x 106 feet squared per day, drawdown measurements indicated that the local reach transmissivity was about 400 cubic feet per second per mile per foot. The theoretical relation, combined with the local reach transmissivity and formation transmissivity, was sufficient to predict the leakage out of L-31N Canal and Snapper Creek Extension Canal for any drawdown scenario.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri904135","usgsCitation":"Chin, D., 1990, A method to estimate canal leakage to the Biscayne Aquifer, Dade County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4135, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904135.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55432,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4135/wri904135.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.38 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 90-4135"},{"id":124732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4135/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              25.31423555219758\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              25.31423555219758\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.771728515625,\n              26.23430203240673\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              26.23430203240673\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.57373046875,\n              25.31423555219758\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/car-fl-water\">Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center</a><br>U.S. Geological Survey<br>3321 College Avenue<br>Davie, FL 33314</p><p><a href=\"../contact\" data-mce-href=\"../contact\">Contact Pubs Warehouse</a></p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a48e4b07f02db623819","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chin, D.A.","contributorId":40632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70187667,"text":"70187667 - 1990 - Solving groundwater flow problems by conjugate-gradient methods and the strongly implicit procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:25:19","indexId":"70187667","displayToPublicDate":"2017-05-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Solving groundwater flow problems by conjugate-gradient methods and the strongly implicit procedure","docAbstract":"<p><span>The performance of the preconditioned conjugate-gradient method with three preconditioners is compared with the strongly implicit procedure (SIP) using a scalar computer. The preconditioners considered are the incomplete Cholesky (ICCG) and the modified incomplete Cholesky (MICCG), which require the same computer storage as SIP as programmed for a problem with a symmetric matrix, and a polynomial preconditioner (POLCG), which requires less computer storage than SIP. Although POLCG is usually used on vector computers, it is included here because of its small storage requirements. In this paper, published comparisons of the solvers are evaluated, all four solvers are compared for the first time, and new test cases are presented to provide a more complete basis by which the solvers can be judged for typical groundwater flow problems. Based on nine test cases, the following conclusions are reached: (1) SIP is actually as efficient as ICCG for some of the published, linear, two-dimensional test cases that were reportedly solved much more efficiently by ICCG; (2) SIP is more efficient than other published comparisons would indicate when common convergence criteria are used; and (3) for problems that are three-dimensional, nonlinear, or both, and for which common convergence criteria are used, SIP is often more efficient than ICCG, and is sometimes more efficient than MICCG.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i009p01961","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 1990, Solving groundwater flow problems by conjugate-gradient methods and the strongly implicit procedure: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 9, p. 1961-1969, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i009p01961.","productDescription":"9 p. ","startPage":"1961","endPage":"1969","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341208,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5916c9bfe4b044b359e486d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70179025,"text":"70179025 - 1990 - Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T14:09:30","indexId":"70179025","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"93","title":"Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The ground-water resources in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah, were studied to better define the ground-water system; to document changes in ground-water levels, quality, and storage; and to simulate effects of an increase in ground-water withdrawals. The East Shore aquifer system is in basin-fill deposits, and is primarily a confined system with unconfined parts near the mountain front.</p><p>Recharge to and discharge from the East Shore aquifer system were estimated to average about 160,000 acre-feet per year during 1969-84, with minor amounts of water being removed from storage during that period. &nbsp;Major sources of ground-water recharge are seepage from surface water in natural channels and irrigation canals, and subsurface inflow from consolidated rock to the basin-fill deposits. Discharge of ground water is primarily to wells, water courses, springs, and as diffuse seepage to Great Salt Lake. Average annual surface-water inflow to the study area was estimated to be 860,000 acre-feet for the period 1969-84. Annual withdrawal of ground water for municipal and industrial use increased from about 10,000 acre-feet in 1960 to more than 30,000 acre-feet in 1980 to supply a population that increased from 175,000 in 1960 to 290,000 in 1980.</p><p>Long-term trends of ground-water levels indicate a steady decline at most observation wells since 1952, despite near normal or increased precipitation since the late 1960's.&nbsp; Water levels declined as much as 50 feet near the principal pumping center in the east-central part of the study area. They declined as much as 35 feet more than five miles from the pumping center. &nbsp;The increase in withdrawals and subsequent water-level declines have caused about 700 wells within 30 square miles to cease flowing since 1954.</p><p>A numerical model of the East Shore aquifer system in the Weber Delta area was constructed and calibrated using water-level data and changes in ground-water withdrawals for 1955-85. Predictive simulations were made based on doubling the 1980-84 rate of municipal and industrial withdrawals for 20 years, and using both average and below-average recharge rates. The simulations indicated water-level declines of an additional 35 to 50 feet near the principal pumping center; a decrease in natural discharge to drains, evapotranspiration, and Great Salt Lake; and a decrease in ground-water storage of 80,000 to 115,000 acre-feet after 20 years.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Water Rights","usgsCitation":"Clark, D.W., Appel, C.L., Lambert, P.M., and Puryear, R.L., 1990, Ground-water resources and simulated effects of withdrawals in the East Shore area of Great Salt Lake, Utah: Technical Publication 93, xi, 150 p.","productDescription":"xi, 150 p.","numberOfPages":"160","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332058,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332056,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-330"},{"id":332057,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/y920/y9200002.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Box Elder County, Davis County, Weber County","otherGeospatial":"East Shore Area, Great Salt Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              41.430371882652814\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5277099609375,\n              41.430371882652814\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.5277099609375,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.39013671875,\n              40.65563874006118\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bee4b08138bf1abd6c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, David W.","contributorId":77146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Appel, Cynthia L.","contributorId":34509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Appel","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lambert, Patrick M. 0000-0001-6808-2303 plambert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6808-2303","contributorId":349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lambert","given":"Patrick","email":"plambert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":655812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Puryear, Robert L.","contributorId":85191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puryear","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70179027,"text":"70179027 - 1990 - Base of moderately saline ground water in San Juan County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-13T14:50:45","indexId":"70179027","displayToPublicDate":"2016-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":294,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":4}},"seriesNumber":"94","title":"Base of moderately saline ground water in San Juan County, Utah","docAbstract":"<p>The base of moderately saline ground water (water that contains from 3,000 to 10,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids) was delineated for San Juan County, Utah, based on water-quality data and on formation-water resistivities determined from geophysical well logs using the resistivity-porosity, spontaneous-potential, and resistivity-ratio methods. These data and the contour map developed from them show that a thick layer of very saline to briny ground water (water that contains more than 10,000 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids) underlies the eastern two-thirds of San Juan County. The upper surface of this layer is affected by the geologic structure of the area, but it may be modified locally by recharge mounds of less saline water and by vertical leakage of water through transmissive faults and fractures. The highest altitude of the base of moderately saline water is west of the Abajo Mountains where it is more than 6,500 feet above sea level. The lowest altitude is in the western part of the county and is below sea level: depressions in the base of moderately saline water in recharge areas in the La Sal and Abajo Mountains also may be that low. The base of moderately saline water commonly is in the Permian Cutler Formation or the Pennsylvanian Honaker Trail Formation of the Hermosa Group, but locally may be as high stratigraphically as the Triassic (?) and Jurassic Navajo Sandstone north of the Abajo Mountains and in the Jurassic Morrison Formation south of the mountains.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Utah Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Rights","publisherLocation":"Salt Lake City, UT","collaboration":"Prepared by the United State Geological Survey in cooperation with the Utah Department of Natural Resources Division of Oil, Gas and Mining","usgsCitation":"Howells, L., 1990, Base of moderately saline ground water in San Juan County, Utah: Technical Publication 94, iv, 35.","productDescription":"iv, 35","numberOfPages":"40","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":332061,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://waterrights.utah.gov/docSys/v920/w920/w92000ah.pdf"},{"id":332060,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.waterrights.utah.gov/cgi-bin/libview.exe?Modinfo=Viewpub&LIBNUM=20-6-360"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"San Juan 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Juan\",\"state\":\"UT\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"585116bee4b08138bf1abd6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howells, Lewis","contributorId":12081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howells","given":"Lewis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":655820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70177171,"text":"70177171 - 1990 - Lava domes modeled as brittle shells that enclose pressurized magma, with application to Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-19T15:20:49","indexId":"70177171","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Lava domes modeled as brittle shells that enclose pressurized magma, with application to Mount St. Helens","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Language flows and domes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","publisherLocation":"Berlin, Germany","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-74379-5_3","isbn":"978-3-642-74381-8","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R., 1990, Lava domes modeled as brittle shells that enclose pressurized magma, with application to Mount St. Helens, chap. <i>of</i> Language flows and domes, p. 47-69, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74379-5_3.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"69","numberOfPages":"23","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329767,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5808868be4b0f497e78e24f9","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Fink, J.H.","contributorId":44367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fink","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651432,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, R.M. 0000-0002-7369-3819","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":16435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":651431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70157489,"text":"70157489 - 1990 - Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 1. The stable isotope mass balance method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:26:04","indexId":"70157489","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 1. The stable isotope mass balance method","docAbstract":"<p><span>Groundwater inflow and outflow contributions to the hydrologic budget of lakes can be determined using a stable isotope (</span><sup>18</sup><span>O/</span><sup>16</sup><span>O) mass balance method. The stable isotope method provides a way of integrating the spatial and temporal complexities of the flow field around a lake, thereby offering an appealing alternative to the traditional time and labor intensive methods using seepage meters and an extensive piezometer network. In this paper the method is applied to a lake in northern Wisconsin, demonstrating that it can be successfully applied to lakes in the upper midwest where thousands of similar lakes exist. Inflow and outflow rates calculated for the Wisconsin lake using the isotope mass balance method are 29 and 54 cm/yr, respectively, which compare well to estimates, derived independently using a three-dimensional groundwater flow and solute transport model, of 20 and 50 cm/yr. Such a favorable comparison lends confidence to the use of the stable isotope method to estimate groundwater exchange with lakes. In addition, utilization of stable isotopes in studies of groundwater-lake systems lends insight into mixing processes occurring in the unsaturated zone and in the aquifer surrounding the lake and verifies assumed flow paths based on head measurements in piezometers.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i010p02445","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., Bowser, C.J., Anderson, M.P., and Valley, J.W., 1990, Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 1. The stable isotope mass balance method: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2445-2453, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i010p02445.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2445","endPage":"2453","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308540,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Sparkling Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.71040725708008,\n              45.99857150435143\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71040725708008,\n              46.01723083989765\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.69023704528809,\n              46.01723083989765\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.69023704528809,\n              45.99857150435143\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71040725708008,\n              45.99857150435143\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ebde4b058f706e512ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowser, Carl J.","contributorId":14050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowser","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anderson, Mary P.","contributorId":30704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valley, John W.","contributorId":52895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Valley","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70157490,"text":"70157490 - 1990 - Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 2. Calibration of a three-dimensional, solute transport model to a stable isotope plume","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:26:35","indexId":"70157490","displayToPublicDate":"2015-04-05T04:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 2. Calibration of a three-dimensional, solute transport model to a stable isotope plume","docAbstract":"<p><span>A three-dimensional groundwater flow and solute transport model was calibrated to a plume of water described by measurements of δ</span><sup>18</sup><span>O and used to calculate groundwater inflow and outflow rates at a lake in northern Wisconsin. The flow model was calibrated to observed hydraulic gradients and estimated recharge rates. Calibration of the solute transport submodel to the configuration of a stable isotope (</span><sup>18</sup><span>O) plume in the contiguous aquifer on the downgradient side of the lake provides additional data to constrain the model. A good match between observed and simulated temporal variations in plume configuration indicates that the model closely simulated the dynamics of the real system. The model provides information on natural variations of rates of groundwater inflow, lake water outflow, and recharge to the water table. Inflow and outflow estimates compare favorably with estimates derived by the isotope mass balance method (Krabbenhoft et al., this issue). Model simulations agree with field observations that show groundwater inflow rates are more sensitive to seasonal variations in recharge than outflow.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i010p02455","usgsCitation":"Krabbenhoft, D.P., Anderson, M.P., and Bowser, C.J., 1990, Estimating groundwater exchange with lakes: 2. Calibration of a three-dimensional, solute transport model to a stable isotope plume: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 10, p. 2455-2462, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i010p02455.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2455","endPage":"2462","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":308545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Vilas County","otherGeospatial":"Sparkling Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.71040725708008,\n              45.99857150435143\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71040725708008,\n              46.01723083989765\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.69023704528809,\n              46.01723083989765\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.69023704528809,\n              45.99857150435143\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71040725708008,\n              45.99857150435143\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"26","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56051ebee4b058f706e512bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":1658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":573309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Mary P.","contributorId":147842,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bowser, Carl J.","contributorId":14050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bowser","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":573311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042642,"text":"70042642 - 1990 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 1. Theory","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16679,"text":"ofr8890 - 1988 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional ground-water flow: Theory","indexId":"ofr8890","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional ground-water flow: Theory"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042642,"text":"70042642 - 1990 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 1. Theory","indexId":"70042642","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 1. Theory"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:34:52","indexId":"70042642","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 1. Theory","docAbstract":"<p><span>An efficient probabilistic model is developed and cascaded with a deterministic model for predicting water table elevations in regional aquifers. The objective is to quantify model uncertainty where precise estimates of water table elevations may be required. The probabilistic model is based on the two-point probability method which only requires prior knowledge of uncertain variables mean and coefficient of variation. The two-point estimate method is theoretically developed and compared with the Monte Carlo simulation method. The results of comparisons using hypothetical determinisitic problems indicate that the two-point estimate method is only generally valid for linear problems where the coefficients of variation of uncertain parameters (for example, storage coefficient and hydraulic conductivity) is small. The two-point estimate method may be applied to slightly nonlinear problems with good results, provided coefficients of variation are small. In such cases, the two-point estimate method is much more efficient than the Monte Carlo method provided the number of uncertain variables is less than eight.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i007p01559","usgsCitation":"Yen, C., and Guymon, G.L., 1990, An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 1. Theory: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1559-1567, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i007p01559.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1559","endPage":"1567","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50f6887be4b0f5392eb7e771","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yen, Chung-Cheng","contributorId":21561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"Chung-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guymon, Gary L.","contributorId":52059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guymon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70042911,"text":"70042911 - 1990 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. Application to Owens Valley, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13938,"text":"ofr8891 - 1988 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional ground-water flow: Application to Owens Valley, California","indexId":"ofr8891","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional ground-water flow: Application to Owens Valley, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70042911,"text":"70042911 - 1990 - An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. Application to Owens Valley, California","indexId":"70042911","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. Application to Owens Valley, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:34:20","indexId":"70042911","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. Application to Owens Valley, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>The applicability of a deterministic-probabilistic model for predicting water tables in southern Owens Valley, California, is evaluated. The model is based on a two-layer deterministic model that is cascaded with a two-point probability model. To reduce the potentially large number of uncertain variables in the deterministic model, lumping of uncertain variables was evaluated by sensitivity analysis to reduce the total number of uncertain variables to three variables: hydraulic conductivity, storage coefficient or specific yield, and source-sink function. Results demonstrate that lumping of uncertain parameters reduces computational effort while providing sufficient precision for the case studied. Simulated spatial coefficients of variation for water table temporal position in most of the basin is small, which suggests that deterministic models can predict water tables in these areas with good precision. However, in several important areas where pumping occurs or the geology is complex, the simulated spatial coefficients of variation are over estimated by the two-point probability method.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i007p01569","usgsCitation":"Guymon, G.L., and Yen, C., 1990, An efficient deterministic-probabilistic approach to modeling regional groundwater flow: 2. Application to Owens Valley, California: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 7, p. 1569-1581, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i007p01569.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1569","endPage":"1581","costCenters":[{"id":634,"text":"Water Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":266645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Owens Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,32.53 ], [ -124.41,42.0 ], [ -114.13,42.0 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -124.41,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"26","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5107ac0fe4b0df796f216e59","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guymon, Gary L.","contributorId":52059,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guymon","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Yen, Chung-Cheng","contributorId":21561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yen","given":"Chung-Cheng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":472577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70038386,"text":"70038386 - 1990 - Land use and land cover digital data from 1:250,000- and 1:100,000- scale maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-19T01:01:36","indexId":"70038386","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:55:33","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":357,"text":"Data Users Guide","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"4","title":"Land use and land cover digital data from 1:250,000- and 1:100,000- scale maps","docAbstract":"The Earth Science Information Centers (ESIC) distribute digital cartographic/geographic data files produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the National Mapping Program. The data files are grouped into four basic types. The first type, called a Digital Line Graph (DLG), is line map information in digital form. These data files include information on planimetric base categories, such as transportation, hydrography, and boundaries. The second type, called a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), consists of a sampled array of elevations for ground positions that are usually at regularly spaced intervals. The third type, Land Use and Land Cover digital data, provide information on nine major classes of land use such as urban, agricultural, or forest as well as associated map data such as political units and Federal land ownership. The fourth type, the Geographic Names Information System, provides primary information for known places, features, and areas in the United States identified by a proper name.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70038386","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1990, Land use and land cover digital data from 1:250,000- and 1:100,000- scale maps: Data Users Guide 4, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/70038386.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":225,"text":"Earth Science Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256895,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://vterrain.org/Culture/LULC/Data_Users_Guide_4.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":256896,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a42eee4b0c8380cd65fcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535183,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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