{"pageNumber":"1405","pageRowStart":"35100","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40871,"records":[{"id":70016143,"text":"70016143 - 1990 - Modelling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soilwater end-members - An application to the Panola Mountain catchment, Georgia, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-25T16:21:04.448626","indexId":"70016143","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soilwater end-members - An application to the Panola Mountain catchment, Georgia, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

Streamwater chemistry at Panola Mountain research catchment, Georgia, U.S.A., is explained as a mixture of representative soilwater solutions that are considered to be temporally invariant to a first approximation. The selection of three end-members from all sampled soil waters is evaluated by comparing the observed and predicted streamwater concentration of six solutes (alkalinity, sulfate, sodium, magnesium, calcium and dissolved silica), which are assumed to mix conservatively, and by assessing the consistency of the implied hydrograph separation with the hydrological mechanisms that are believed to be operating in this catchment. The percentage of variation in the streamwater solute concentrations explained by the end-member mixing analysis (EMMA) ranges from 82 to >97%, and the hydrograph separation is, intuitively, physically reasonable. If the correct end-members have been identified, the streamwater chemical response to different levels of acidic deposition can be predicted by examining the change in each end-member under different loads; no hydrological model is required. If a traditional hydrochemical model, which is driven by rainfall quantity and quality, is desired, this analysis provides an indication of the model structure that would be necessary to reproduce both streamwater and soilwater chemistry. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90131-G","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Hooper, R.P., Christophersen, N., and Peters, N., 1990, Modelling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soilwater end-members - An application to the Panola Mountain catchment, Georgia, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 116, no. 1-4, p. 321-343, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90131-G.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"321","endPage":"343","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Panola Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.67705761975864,\n 33.81397750526931\n ],\n [\n -84.67705761975864,\n 33.46999873565858\n ],\n [\n -84.00474554401298,\n 33.46999873565858\n ],\n [\n -84.00474554401298,\n 33.81397750526931\n ],\n [\n -84.67705761975864,\n 33.81397750526931\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c74e4b0c8380cd6fced","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christophersen, N.","contributorId":69711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christophersen","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, N.E.","contributorId":33332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70016042,"text":"70016042 - 1990 - Modelling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soilwater end-members - A step towards second-generation acidification models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-29T13:21:31.182536","indexId":"70016042","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modelling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soilwater end-members - A step towards second-generation acidification models","docAbstract":"

In present acidification models, soilwater characteristics, though modelled, are seldom checked against field observations. Given that such data are now collected as part of many catchment studies, a technique is developed whereby stream water can be predicted as a mixture of the observed soilwater classes or end-members. Provided that a sufficient set of end-members has been identified, a least-squares technique can be used to estimate the contribution to the stream from each end-member, whenever streamwater samples have been taken. For two catchments, Birkenes in southern Norway and Plynlimon in Mid-Wales, the analysis indicates that the soilwater end-members observed to date are insufficient to explain streamwater chemistry. However, properties of the missing soil waters have been identified, thus facilitating future field work. When an adequate set of soilwater end-members has been established, long-term predictions of changes in streamwater chemistry reduce to the problem of predicting the fate of each end-member. Thus, a separate hydrological submodel is not needed, since the mixing patterns are derived from the end-member analysis. 

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(90)90130-P","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Christophersen, N., Neal, C., Hooper, R.P., Vogt, R., and Andersen, S., 1990, Modelling streamwater chemistry as a mixture of soilwater end-members - A step towards second-generation acidification models: Journal of Hydrology, v. 116, no. 1-4, p. 307-320, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90130-P.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"320","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5c74e4b0c8380cd6fce4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christophersen, N.","contributorId":69711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christophersen","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372410,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neal, C.","contributorId":89269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooper, R. P.","contributorId":26321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vogt, R.D.","contributorId":96012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogt","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andersen, S.","contributorId":101016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":20215,"text":"ofr90503 - 1990 - Digital recordings of aftershocks of the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-03T17:38:34.313569","indexId":"ofr90503","displayToPublicDate":"2000-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-503","title":"Digital recordings of aftershocks of the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"

After the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta, central California, earthquake (291 00:04:15.25 UTC, Ms=7.1), the U. S. Geological Survey recorded aftershocks at sites of seismologic and engineering interest. This report describes a seismic-waveform dataset collected from 17 October 1989 (291 UTC) to 14 March 1990 (073 UTC) with GEOS digital seismographs deployed from USGS offices in Menlo Park, California. It is a summary of field and data-playback information that is intended to facilitate use of the waveform data in seismologic and engineering studies. It includes station locations, instrumentation histories (trigger parameters, sensor parameters, clock corrections, etc.), listings of waveform records, preliminary seismicity listings, and information about data availability.

Our principal research goal is to understand the influence of seismic-source and wave-propagation phenomena on damaging ground motions, and to use this knowledge to predict hazards from future earthquakes. Source processes encompass the spatial and temporal variations in the excitation of seismic waves at the fault. Wave-propagation processes include amplification and deamplification as seismic energy radiates away from the fault through rocks and soils of variable seismic properties. Since shallow geology at a site (upper tens to hundreds of meters) can exert a relatively great influence on damaging ground motions, it is useful to separate wave-propagation phenomena into whole-path and site parts. In studying these phenomena, aftershock waveform recordings can play an important role. Compared to main shocks, aftershocks are simple earthquakes and aftershock records tend to be relatively dominated by wave-propagation effects. Geometrically, since aftershocks are distributed over the fault zone, aftershock records should resemble part of the main-shock ground motion contributed by localized rupture. This observation forms the basis of the empirical-Green's-function method wherein main-shock ground motion is modeled by summing aftershock records.

The Loma Prieta earthquake provided a rare opportunity that motivated the intensive aftershock-recording effort described in this report. In a seismically noisy urban environment like the San Francisco Bay area, such a large set of high quality seismic data would otherwise be unobtainable.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr90503","usgsCitation":"Mueller, C.C., and Glassmoyer, G., 1990, Digital recordings of aftershocks of the 17 October 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-503, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90503.","productDescription":"147 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":429473,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0503/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":152209,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0503/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":1119,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://nsmp.wr.usgs.gov/GEOS/LPE/OFR_90-503/Loma_Prieta.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Loma Prieta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.90472476015252,\n 37.16521523506998\n ],\n [\n -121.90472476015252,\n 37.08968873122326\n ],\n [\n -121.76847913445323,\n 37.08968873122326\n ],\n [\n -121.76847913445323,\n 37.16521523506998\n ],\n [\n -121.90472476015252,\n 37.16521523506998\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a990","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mueller, Charles C.","contributorId":20348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glassmoyer, Gary","contributorId":28619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glassmoyer","given":"Gary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28540,"text":"wri894145 - 1990 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri894145","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4145","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas","docAbstract":"The U.S Geological Survey has developed and calibrated a digital model of the flow system in the alluvial aquifer as part of a multiagency Eastern Arkansas Region Comprehensive Study being conducted by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. Other cooperating agencies include the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission, and the University of Arkansas. The study was prompted by the growing concern about significant water level declines in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer north of the Arkansas River in eastern Arkansas. The declines are a result of large groundwater withdrawals, mainly for irrigation. After calibration, the flow model was used to simulate the effects of projected groundwater pumpage through the year 2050, based on estimates made by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service for pumpage scenarios with and without water conservation measures. Simulations of projected pumpage indicated that by the year 2050 water level declines would reduce the saturated thickness of the aquifer to less than 20 ft in large areas of eastern Arkansas. More than 26% of the active cells in the scenario without conservation had saturated thicknesses of 20 ft or less and mroe than 16% in the scenario with conservation. The principal areas where the saturated thickness is expected to reach these critical levels are in the Grand Prairie region and in two areas on the east and west sides of Crowleys Ridge. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894145","usgsCitation":"Mahon, G., and Ludwig, A.H., 1990, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4145, v, 26, I-57 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm. [83 p. - PGS], https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894145.","productDescription":"v, 26, I-57 p. :ill., maps (some col.) ;28 cm. [83 p. - PGS]","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57353,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-01.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57354,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-02.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57355,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-03.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57356,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-04.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57357,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-05.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57358,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-06.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57372,"rank":419,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-20.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57373,"rank":420,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-21.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57374,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57359,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-07.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57360,"rank":407,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-08.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57361,"rank":408,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-09.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57362,"rank":409,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57363,"rank":410,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57364,"rank":411,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57365,"rank":412,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57366,"rank":413,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57367,"rank":414,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57368,"rank":415,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57369,"rank":416,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-17.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57370,"rank":417,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-18.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57371,"rank":418,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4145/plate-19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db68a26f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mahon, G.L. 0000-0002-7410-0261","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-0261","contributorId":28636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mahon","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludwig, A. H.","contributorId":63007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludwig","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18186,"text":"ofr90412 - 1990 - Application of grade and tonnage deposit models; the search for ore deposits possibly amenable to small-scale mining","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:19","indexId":"ofr90412","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-412","title":"Application of grade and tonnage deposit models; the search for ore deposits possibly amenable to small-scale mining","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90412","usgsCitation":"Bliss, J.D., McKelvey, G.E., and Allen, M.S., 1990, Application of grade and tonnage deposit models; the search for ore deposits possibly amenable to small-scale mining: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-412, 24 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90412.","productDescription":"24 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0412/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47556,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0412/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bliss, J. D.","contributorId":25564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKelvey, G. E.","contributorId":44178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKelvey","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, M. S.","contributorId":63001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":20146,"text":"ofr90196 - 1990 - Documentation of model input and output values for the geohydrology and mathematical simulation of the Pajaro Valley aquifer system, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr90196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-196","title":"Documentation of model input and output values for the geohydrology and mathematical simulation of the Pajaro Valley aquifer system, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California","docAbstract":"This report contains listings of the model input and sample output for simulation of the Pajaro Valley aquifer system, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, California. The files are contained on a 5 1/4-inch diskette. The decompressed files require approximately 5.3 megabytes of disk space on an IBM-compatible microcomputer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90196","usgsCitation":"Mitten, H., and Londquist, C., 1990, Documentation of model input and output values for the geohydrology and mathematical simulation of the Pajaro Valley aquifer system, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-196, iii, 4 p. ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (5 1/4 in.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90196.","productDescription":"iii, 4 p. ;28 cm. +1 computer disk (5 1/4 in.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":152829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49686,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b5a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitten, H. T.","contributorId":88735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitten","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Londquist, C.J.","contributorId":86796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Londquist","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":43990,"text":"ofr89614 - 1990 - Time-of-travel of solutes in the Trinity River from Dallas to Trinidad, Texas, May and August 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T15:50:52","indexId":"ofr89614","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-614","title":"Time-of-travel of solutes in the Trinity River from Dallas to Trinidad, Texas, May and August 1987","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the city of Dallas, conducted a study of the time of travel of solutes during moderate flow conditions in a reach of the Trinity River from the outfall of the Dallas Central Wastewater Treatment Plant (DCWTP) to the USGS streamflow-gaging station 08062700, Trinity River at Trinidad, in May and August 1987.  Previous USGS time-of-travel studies of this reach of the river (Ollman, 1973; 1975) provided low- and moderate-flow data.  The data were included in the calibrartion of a mathematical water-quality model used by the city of Dallas and other public and private entities involved in water resources managemnt of the area.  The purpose of this study was to provide additional data to extend calibration of that model to include moderately higher streamflow conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr89614","issn":"ma","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Dallas","usgsCitation":"Gain, W.S., 1990, Time-of-travel of solutes in the Trinity River from Dallas to Trinidad, Texas, May and August 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-614, 35.77 x 24.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89614.","productDescription":"35.77 x 24.93 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr89614.PNG"},{"id":81408,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0614/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas, Trinidad","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.90216064453125,\n 32.150036509965304\n ],\n [\n -96.90216064453125,\n 32.856518010109575\n ],\n [\n -96.06170654296875,\n 32.856518010109575\n ],\n [\n -96.06170654296875,\n 32.150036509965304\n ],\n [\n -96.90216064453125,\n 32.150036509965304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":228945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":20371,"text":"ofr9087 - 1990 - Compilation of modal analyses of volcanic rocks from the Nevada Test Site area, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:53","indexId":"ofr9087","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-87","title":"Compilation of modal analyses of volcanic rocks from the Nevada Test Site area, Nye County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr9087","usgsCitation":"Page, W.R., 1990, Compilation of modal analyses of volcanic rocks from the Nevada Test Site area, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-87, ii, 179 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr9087.","productDescription":"ii, 179 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":154718,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0087/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":49904,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0087/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":49905,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0087/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1de4b07f02db6a9c76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Page, W. R.","contributorId":73619,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":182534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18314,"text":"ofr90151 - 1990 - Plan of study for the Ohio-Indiana carbonate-bedrock and glacial- aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:29","indexId":"ofr90151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-151","title":"Plan of study for the Ohio-Indiana carbonate-bedrock and glacial- aquifer system","docAbstract":"The major aquifers of 35,000 sq mi area in western Ohio and eastern Indiana consist of Silurian and Devonian carbonate bedrock and Quaternary glacial deposits. These bedrock units and glacial deposits have been designated for study as part of the U.S. Geological Survey 's Regional Aquifer System Analysis program, a nationwide program to assess the regional hydrology, geology and water quality of the Nation 's most important aquifers. The purpose of the study is to define the hydrology, geochemistry, and geologic framework of the aquifer system within the Silurian and Devonian rocks and glacial deposits, with emphasis on describing the groundwater flow patterns and characterizing the water quality. The study, which began in 1988 , is expected to be completed in 1993. In 1980, the aquifers in the study area supplied more than 280 million gallons of water/day to industry, agriculture, and a population of more than 6.3 million people. With a projected future population growth to 7.1 million in 1990, and with intensified agricultural and industrial uses, water withdrawals from these bedrock and glacial aquifers are expected to be increased. The most significant groundwater problems in the study area result from the pronounced areal differences in availability and quality of the groundwater. These differences are related to the lateral discontinuity of many of the glacial deposits and to variations in secondary permeability of the bedrock aquifers associated with patterns of fracturing. Planned activities of the study include compilation of available geohydrologic and water quality data, such as groundwater levels, geohydrologic properties of aquifers, chemical analyses, land use and water use data, and ancillary data such as digital satellite images. Additional geohydrologic and water quality data may be collected from existing wells or wells that may be drilled for this study. A computerized, geographic information system will be used as a data base management tool and for spatial analysis and presentation of the data. A digital computer model will be developed to study the regional groundwater flow system and to investigate the effects of development on the aquifer system. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr90151","usgsCitation":"Bugliosi, E., 1990, Plan of study for the Ohio-Indiana carbonate-bedrock and glacial- aquifer system: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-151, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90151.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151687,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0151/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47662,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0151/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":47663,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cef7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bugliosi, E. F.","contributorId":70738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bugliosi","given":"E. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":49180,"text":"ofr90446B - 1990 - PROBDIST : probability distributions for modeling and simulation in the absence of data, Part B - Executable program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-25T14:12:55","indexId":"ofr90446B","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-446","chapter":"B","title":"PROBDIST : probability distributions for modeling and simulation in the absence of data, Part B - Executable program","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr90446B","collaboration":"The USGS does not support this software or technical questions for the software associated with the publication.","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R.A., and Balay, R.H., 1990, PROBDIST : probability distributions for modeling and simulation in the absence of data, Part B - Executable program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-446, 1 computer disk ; 5 1/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90446B.","productDescription":"1 computer disk ; 5 1/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268220,"type":{"id":4,"text":"Application Site"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ofr/1990/0446b/application.zip"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689db4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, Robert A.","contributorId":92242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, Richard H.","contributorId":10048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":18264,"text":"ofr89133 - 1990 - Feasibility study of the seismic reflection method in Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:22","indexId":"ofr89133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-133","title":"Feasibility study of the seismic reflection method in Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"The seismic performance of steel moment-framed buildings has been of particular interest since brittle fractures were discovered at the beam-column connections of some frames following the M6.7 1994 Northridge earthquake. This report presents an investigation of the seismic behavior of an instrumented 13-story steel moment frame building located in the greater Los Angeles area of California. An extensive strong motion dataset, ambient vibration data, engineering drawings and earthquake damage reports are available for this building. The data are described and subsequently analyzed. \r\n\r\nThe results of the analyses show that the building response is more complex than would be expected from its highly symmetrical geometry. The building's response is characterized by low damping in the fundamental mode, larger peak accelerations in the intermediate stories than at the roof, extended periods of vibration after the cessation of strong input shaking, beating in the response, and significant torsion during strong shaking at the top of the concrete piers which extend from the basement to the second floor. The analyses of the data and all damage detection methods employed except one method based on system identification indicate that the response of the structure was elastic in all recorded earthquakes. These findings are in general agreement with the results of intrusive inspections (meaning fireproofing and architectural finishes were removed) conducted on approximately 5 percent of the moment connections following the Northridge earthquake, which found no earthquake damage.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"United States Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr89133","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T., Hart, P., and Carle, S.F., 1990, Feasibility study of the seismic reflection method in Amargosa Desert, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-133, 157 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89133.","productDescription":"157 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":151034,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":1030,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/of89-133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6e37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, T.M. 0000-0002-9740-839X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":69994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"T.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hart, P. E.","contributorId":10773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"P. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carle, S. F.","contributorId":72808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carle","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":36055,"text":"b1925 - 1990 - Developments and applications of modern airborne electromagnetic surveys : proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on Developments and Applications of Modern Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys, October 7-9, 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:41","indexId":"b1925","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1925","title":"Developments and applications of modern airborne electromagnetic surveys : proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on Developments and Applications of Modern Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys, October 7-9, 1987","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ; Books and Open- File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/b1925","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D.V., 1990, Developments and applications of modern airborne electromagnetic surveys : proceedings of the U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on Developments and Applications of Modern Airborne Electromagnetic Surveys, October 7-9, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1925, vi, 216 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1925.","productDescription":"vi, 216 p. :ill. (some col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":166231,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1925/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":64004,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1925/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64005,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1925/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64006,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1925/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":64007,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1925/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9be4b07f02db65dd41","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, David V. dfitterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"David","email":"dfitterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":215688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27616,"text":"wri904025 - 1990 - Simulation of solute transport in variably saturated porous media with supplemental information on modifications to the US Geological Survey's computer program VS2D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri904025","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4025","title":"Simulation of solute transport in variably saturated porous media with supplemental information on modifications to the US Geological Survey's computer program VS2D","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904025","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 1990, Simulation of solute transport in variably saturated porous media with supplemental information on modifications to the US Geological Survey's computer program VS2D: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4025, v, 125 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904025.","productDescription":"v, 125 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56477,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4025/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f21c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":17637,"text":"ofr90393 - 1990 - Review of selected water-management models and results of simulations for the Truckee-Carson Rivers system, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:20","indexId":"ofr90393","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-393","title":"Review of selected water-management models and results of simulations for the Truckee-Carson Rivers system, California and Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr90393","usgsCitation":"Cobb, E., 1990, Review of selected water-management models and results of simulations for the Truckee-Carson Rivers system, California and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-393, v, 40 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90393.","productDescription":"v, 40 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":149827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0393/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":46834,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0393/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a63f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cobb, E.D.","contributorId":82320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"E.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":177227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":18219,"text":"ofr90402 - 1990 - A Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn mineral resources deposit model for the northern Pacific Oceanic Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:19","indexId":"ofr90402","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-402","title":"A Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn mineral resources deposit model for the northern Pacific Oceanic Basin","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr90402","usgsCitation":"Botbol, J., 1990, A Cu-Ni-Mn-Zn mineral resources deposit model for the northern Pacific Oceanic Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-402, ii, 25 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90402.","productDescription":"ii, 25 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":150311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0402/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":47581,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0402/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4952e4b0b290850ef0cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Botbol, J.M.","contributorId":46944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Botbol","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":178730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":16898,"text":"ofr90593 - 1990 - Application of digital elevation models to delineate drainage areas and compute hydrologic characteristics for sites in the James River basin, North Dakota","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":16898,"text":"ofr90593 - 1990 - Application of digital elevation models to delineate drainage areas and compute hydrologic characteristics for sites in the James River basin, North Dakota","indexId":"ofr90593","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Application of digital elevation models to delineate drainage areas and compute hydrologic characteristics for sites in the James River basin, North Dakota"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":3,"text":"wsp2383 - 1992 - Application of digital elevation models to delineate drainage areas and compute hydrologic characteristics for sites in the James River basin, North Dakota","indexId":"wsp2383","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Application of digital elevation models to delineate drainage areas and compute hydrologic characteristics for sites in the James River basin, North Dakota"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":3,"text":"wsp2383 - 1992 - Application of digital elevation models to delineate drainage areas and compute hydrologic characteristics for sites in the James River basin, North Dakota","indexId":"wsp2383","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Application of digital elevation models to delineate drainage areas and compute hydrologic characteristics for sites in the James River basin, North Dakota"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T12:43:19.197729","indexId":"ofr90593","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-593","title":"Application of digital elevation models to delineate drainage areas and compute hydrologic characteristics for sites in the James River basin, North Dakota","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr90593","usgsCitation":"Wiche, G., Jenson, S., Baglio, J.V., and Domingue, J.O., 1990, Application of digital elevation models to delineate drainage areas and compute hydrologic characteristics for sites in the James River basin, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-593, Report: vi, 39 p.; 6 Plates: 15.73 x 20.82 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90593.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 39 p.; 6 Plates: 15.73 x 20.82 inches or smaller","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":150293,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0593/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":383553,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0593/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383554,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0593/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383555,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0593/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383556,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0593/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383558,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0593/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383559,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0593/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":383557,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0593/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"James River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -96.6796875,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 48.951366470947725\n ],\n [\n -104.0185546875,\n 45.89000815866184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67aa52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wiche, G.J.","contributorId":90715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiche","given":"G.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jenson, S.K.","contributorId":35291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenson","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baglio, J. V. Jr.","contributorId":91831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baglio","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Domingue, Julia O.","contributorId":91832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingue","given":"Julia","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":174105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28379,"text":"wri904165 - 1990 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and overlying aquifers near the Mississippi River, Fridley, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:10:18","indexId":"wri904165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4165","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and overlying aquifers near the Mississippi River, Fridley, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

A three-dimensional, ground-water-flow model was developed to gain an improved understanding of the ground-water-flow system and its response to withdrawals near the Minneapolis Water Works in Fridley, Minnesota. Eight hydrogeologic units are represented in the ground-water-flow model. Aquifers represented are the unconfined-drift, confined-drift, St. Peter, and Prairie du Chien-Jordan. Confining units represented are the upper drift, basal-drift, Decorah-Platteville-Glenwood, and basal St. Peter confining units. The ground-water-flow model was calibrated for steady-state conditions fbr a period before substantial ground-water development (1885-1930) and for a period of significant pumping stress (winter conditions, 1970-79). The principle of superposition was used in the steady-state simulation for 1970- 79. Transient conditions were simulated for an aquifer test conducted at the Minneapolis Water Works site and for seasonal variations in ground-water withdrawals resulting in seasonal fluctuations of hydraulic heads of as much as about 45 ft. Sensitivity analysis indicated that hydraulic heads in the confined-drift and St. Peter aquifers and Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer were most affected by varying the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the upper drift confining unit and recharge to the confined-drift and St. Peter aquifers.

\n

Spatially variable leakage to the confined-drift and St. Peter aquifers in the steady-state simulation for 1885-1930 ranged from 1.0 to 2.3 inches per year. Leakage to the confined-drift and St. Peter aquifers in the steady-state simulation for 1970-79 increased 0 to 3.0 inches per year above the initial steady-state results. This increase represents additional leakage caused by the lowering of hydraulic heads due to ground-water withdrawals. Simulated leakage to the confined-drift and St. Peter aquifers for the transient simulation for 1987 varied both seasonally (0.4 to 2.1 inches per stress period) and spatially (2.6 to 5.7 inches per year). 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri904165","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minneapolis Water Works","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., 1990, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and overlying aquifers near the Mississippi River, Fridley, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4165, xi, 152 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904165.","productDescription":"xi, 152 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57181,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4165/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Fridley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.566667,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -93.566667,\n 44.875\n ],\n [\n -92.916667,\n 44.875\n ],\n [\n -92.916667,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -93.566667,\n 45.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, R. J.","contributorId":70808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28934,"text":"wri874156 - 1990 - Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri874156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4156","title":"Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The Skunk Creek aquifer, a major glacial outwash deposit in the Skunk Creek drainage basin, consists of a 30-sq-mi shallow stream connected sand and gravel aquifer in southeastern South Dakota. The aquifer thickness ranges from 1 to 74 ft. Average annual fluctuation of the water table is 2.5 ft. The water has an average dissolved-solids content of 620 mg/L and is very hard , averaging 403 mg/L calcium carbonate hardness. A numerical model was developed and calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. The model contained 484 active nodes each representing 0.0625 sq mi. Hydraulic conductivities of the aquifer used in the model range from 10 to 400 ft/d, and average specific yield is 20%. Recharge from infiltration of precipitation was estimated to be 6 inches/yr or 24% of average annual precipitation. Maximum evapotranspiration rate was 32 inches/yr and the evapotranspiration extinction depth for the model was 5 ft. The steady-state hydrologic budget was about 11 ,000 acre-ft/yr. Recharge by precipitation was about 9,500 acre-ft and recharge from streams was about 1,100 acre-ft. Discharge by evapotranspiration was about 5,000 acre-ft and discharge to streams was about 5,700 acre-ft. A hypothetical simulation to determine maximum withdrawal under steady-state conditions resulted in a groundwater withdrawal of about 15,700 acre-ft/yr from 19 hypothetical wells pumping at a rate of 500 gal/min and 13 existing wells pumping at a combined average rate of 24 gal/min. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports, [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874156","usgsCitation":"Ohland, G., 1990, Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4156, v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874156.","productDescription":"v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124063,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57807,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a3eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohland, G.L.","contributorId":45749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohland","given":"G.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27692,"text":"wri904048 - 1990 - PRECONDITIONED CONJUGATE-GRADIENT 2 (PCG2), a computer program for solving ground-water flow equations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:40","indexId":"wri904048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4048","title":"PRECONDITIONED CONJUGATE-GRADIENT 2 (PCG2), a computer program for solving ground-water flow equations","docAbstract":"This report documents PCG2 : a numerical code to be used with the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow model . PCG2 uses the preconditioned conjugate-gradient method to solve the equations produced by the model for hydraulic head. Linear or nonlinear flow conditions may be simulated. PCG2 includes two reconditioning options : modified incomplete Cholesky preconditioning, which is efficient on scalar computers; and polynomial preconditioning, which requires less computer storage and, with modifications that depend on the computer used, is most efficient on vector computers . Convergence of the solver is determined using both head-change and residual criteria. Nonlinear problems are solved using Picard iterations. This documentation provides a description of the preconditioned conjugate gradient method and the two preconditioners, detailed instructions for linking PCG2 to the modular model, sample data inputs, a brief description of PCG2, and a FORTRAN listing.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wri904048","usgsCitation":"Hill, M.C., 1990, PRECONDITIONED CONJUGATE-GRADIENT 2 (PCG2), a computer program for solving ground-water flow equations: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4048, iii, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904048.","productDescription":"iii, 43 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2226,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri904048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126811,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_90_4048.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689e20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":198547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30428,"text":"wri894167 - 1990 - Effects of urbanization on peak streamflows in four Connecticut communities, 1980-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-13T21:10:03.077897","indexId":"wri894167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4167","title":"Effects of urbanization on peak streamflows in four Connecticut communities, 1980-84","docAbstract":"Ratios of peak flows in urban basins to peak flows in rural basins in Connecticut are about 1.5 to 6.1 for the 2-year flood and 1.1 to 4.3 for the 100-year flood. The lower ratios, in each case, apply where 30% of the area is served by storm sewers, and the higher ratios apply where 90% of the area is served by storm sewers. Peak flows for six small urban streams were determined from rainfall and runoff data collected from 1981 to 1984 and from a distributed-routing rainfall-runoff model that simulated storm runoff for the period 1951-80. Recurrence intervals of the peak flows for these streams and three other urban streams were estimated using the log-Pearson Type III method and compared with peak flows for rural streams that were computed from regression equations. A comparison of the ratios of urban to rural peak flows shows that basins where more than 50% of the area is served by storm sewers have urban to rural ratios that are outside the 95% confidence limits of the rural regression equations. Peak flows for such areas can be adjusted graphically for the effects of urbanization if the streams drain less than 10 sq mi and manmade storage is less than 4.5 million cu ft/sq mi. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894167","usgsCitation":"Weiss, L., 1990, Effects of urbanization on peak streamflows in four Connecticut communities, 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4167, Report: v, 40 p.; 4 Plates: 21.06 x 26.95 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894167.","productDescription":"Report: v, 40 p.; 4 Plates: 21.06 x 26.95 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":466161,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47253.htm","text":"Freshwater Brook drainage basin","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466162,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47254.htm","text":"Piper and Willow Brooks drainage basins","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":466160,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47252.htm","text":"Betts Pond and Keelers Brooks drainage 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60fe79","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weiss, L.A.","contributorId":95098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27448,"text":"wri904167 - 1990 - Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T19:19:04.827574","indexId":"wri904167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4167","title":"Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit in North Dakota may have various effects on the quantity and quality of streamflow in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North. To model the effects that the Garrison Diverson Unit could have on water quantity, monthly gaged and estimated streamflow data and estimated unregulated streamflow data were compiled to develop a complete monthly streamflow record for January 1931 through December 1984 (data-development period) for 29 sites in the Red River of the North basin.

Gaged streamflow records were available for January 1931 through December 1984 for only 4 sites; no records or records of various length were available for the remaining 25 sites. Drainage-area ratio and Maintenance of Variance Extension Type 1 methods were used to estimate the streamflow for those sites that had no streamflow record or had a streamflow record available for only part of the data-development period.

Unregulated streamflow for the 29 sites was estimated by removing the hydrologic effects of Lake Ashtabula, which is formed behind Baldhill Dam on the Sheyenne River, and surface-water withdrawals. VIater-balance procedures were used to remove the hydrologic effects of Lake Ashtabula from the streamflow record for sites downstream of Baldhill Dam.

Mean annual gaged streamflow for the Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam was 9,175 acre-feet less than mean annual estimated unregulated streamflow for 1950-84, when Baldhill Dam was in operation. Net evaporation losses from Lake Ashtabula account for most of the difference between gaged streamflow and estimated unregulated streamflow.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904167","usgsCitation":"Guenthner, R., Weigel, J.F., and Emerson, D.G., 1990, Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4167, Report: vi, 230 p.; 1 Plate: 21.28 x 15.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904167.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 230 p.; 1 Plate: 21.28 x 15.64 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56307,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56306,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411441,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47416.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.5,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.6667,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.6667,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guenthner, R. S.","contributorId":31433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenthner","given":"R. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weigel, J. F.","contributorId":74394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emerson, D. G.","contributorId":39385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30504,"text":"wri894071 - 1990 - Ground-water flow in the Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south central United States — A preliminary analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T20:22:12.884776","indexId":"wri894071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4071","title":"Ground-water flow in the Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south central United States — A preliminary analysis","docAbstract":"

A major objective of the Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer-System Analysis is to use digital models of regional groundwater flow systems to develop better understanding and to improve management of the resource. Modeling is used to synthesize information about the aquifer systems and to test hypotheses about the relative importance of the components of the systems. The 290,000-sq mile study area in the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain includes the Mississippi embayment, Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas, and the Continental Shelf that are underlain by deposits of Tertiary and younger age, which contain fresh and saline water. A 10-layer, finite-difference, variable density model, with blocks 10 miles on a side, was used to simulate groundwater flow before development and in 1980, assuming steady- state conditions. Preliminary results indicate that the major factors controlling predevelopment regional flow are the topography, land-surface outcrop pattern, and geometry of aquifers and confining units. Geologic structure and the distribution of precipitation were less significant factors. The density of saline water in the deeper parts of the aquifer system probably has a substantial effect on regional groundwater flow that extends into the freshwater part of the system. Variable water density may be a significant driving force that transports salt great distances in many directions, including updip. The distribution and rates of regional recharge and discharge have been substantially changed by development. Groundwater pumpage in 1980 was about five times the value of predevelopment regional recharge. About 80% of the pumpage was supplied from increased regional recharge. Also resistance to vertical flow caused by many fine-grained beds within the permeable zones can be as important as resistance caused by regional confining units.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894071","usgsCitation":"Williamson, A.K., Grubb, H.F., and Weiss, J.S., 1990, Ground-water flow in the Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south central United States — A preliminary analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4071, Report: vii, 124 p.; 4 Plates: 26.50 × 13.44 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894071.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 124 p.; 4 Plates: 26.50 × 13.44 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59281,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59280,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59279,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59282,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394536,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47182.htm"},{"id":123736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59278,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast aquifer systems","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 37.3333\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 37.3333\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, A. K.","contributorId":57872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grubb, H. F.","contributorId":16863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubb","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiss, J. S.","contributorId":63414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29775,"text":"wri894169 - 1990 - Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:31:25","indexId":"wri894169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4169","title":"Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Sixty-eight percent of the 22.6-square-mile Valley Creek basin is underlain by Cambrian and Ordovician limestone and dolomite. Ground water flows through a network of interconnected secondary openings; primary porosity is virtually nonexistent. Some of these openings have been enlarged by solution. Secondary porosity and permeability exhibit great spatial variability, and the yield and specific capacity of wells are highly variable. The number of water-bearing zones decreases with depth. Fifty percent of water-bearing zones are encountered within 100 feet of the land surface, and 81 percent are within 200 feet.\r\n\r\n Most ground-water flow in the Valley Creek basin is local and discharges to nearby streams. Ground-water discharge comprised an average of 76 percent of the flow of Valley Creek during 1983--87, including both natural ground- water discharge and quarry pumpage discharged to Valley Creek. Discharge from the Cedar Hollow quarry comprised 21 to 26 percent of the base flow of Valley Creek; the average was 23 percent. The average natural base flow of Valley Creek would be 8 percent lower if the quarry were not operating.\r\n\r\n Regional ground-water flow is to the northeast to the Schuylkill River. On the western side of the Valley Creek basin, the ground-water divide is 1/2 mile west of the surface-water divide. An estimated 0.75 million gallons per day of ground water flows from the adjacent West Valley Creek basn eastward into the Valley Creek basin. A ground-water divide is not present on the eastern side of the basin; the water table slopes gently eastward toward the Schuylkill River. On the northeaster side, an estimated 1.76 million gallons per day of ground water flows northeastward out of the basin to the Schuylkill River beneath the surface-water divide. On the southeaster side, an estimated 0.85 million gallons per day of ground water flows beneath the surface-water divide into the basin.\r\n\r\n Annual water budgets and an average water budget were calculated for 1983-87 for the 20.8-square-mile area bove the streamflow-gaging station. Annual precipitation for 1983-87 ranged from 40.61 to 56.55 inches and averaged 47.25 inches; annual streamflow ranged from 15.55 to 28.57 inches and averaged 22.31 inches; annual evapotranspiration ranged from 18.21 to 24.83 inches and averaged 22.90 inches; and annual recharge ranged from 15.89 to 26.84 inches and averaged 21.04 inches.\r\n\r\n The Valley Creek basin was modeled as a two-dimensional water-table aquifer. Recharge to, ground-water flow through, and discharge from the rocks of Chester valley were simulated. In order to include the natural hydrologic boundaries of the ground-water-flwo system, the 66.4-square-mile area between the Brandywine Creek and the Schuylkill River was modeled. The model was calibrated under stead-state conditions using avareage recharge and evapotranspiration rates. Aquifer hydraulic conductivity was estimated from specific-capacity and quifer-test data. The average (1983-87) annual water budget for hte Valley Creek basin was simualted.\r\n\r\n The effect of increased ground-water development on base flow and underflow was simulated by locating a hypothetical well field produceing 4 million gallons per day in different parts of the basin. Pumpage from a well field near surface-water divides would induce as much as an additional 1.41 inches per year of underflow from an adjacent surface-water basin. Pumpage from a well field near the center of the basin would affect base flow more than underflow.\r\n\r\n Increased seepage of ground water into quarries as a result of their expansion was simulated as increased withdrawal by pumping. A 100-percent increase in the pumping rate of the Cedar Hollow quarry, from 3.93 to 7.86 million gallons per day, owuld reduce the natural base flow of Valley Creek by 18 percent. However, the quarry pumpage would be discharged to Valley Creek, thereby increasing the base flow at the gaging station by ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894169","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1990, Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4169, viii, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894169.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4169/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58574,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4169/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58575,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4169/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58576,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4169/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58577,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28448,"text":"wri904150 - 1990 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the St Peter aquifer in an area contaminated by coal-tar derivatives, St Louis Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T19:48:03.37146","indexId":"wri904150","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4150","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the St Peter aquifer in an area contaminated by coal-tar derivatives, St Louis Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

A model constructed to simulate ground-water flow in part of the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and St. Peter aquifers, St. Louis Park, Minnesota, was used to test hypotheses about the movement of ground water contaminated with coal-tar derivatives and to simulate alternatives for reducing the downgradient movement of contamination in the St. Peter aquifer. The model, constructed for a previous study, was applied to simulate the effects of current ground-water withdrawals on the potentiometric surface of the St. Peter aquifer. Multiaquifer wells served as conduits for vertical exchange of water from the St. Peter aquifer to the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer. Model simulations predict that the multiaquifer wells have the potential to limit downgradient migration of contaminants in the St. Peter aquifer caused by cones of depression created around the multiaquifer wells. Differences in vertical leakage to the St. Peter aquifer may exist in areas of bedrock valleys. Model simulations indicate that these differences are not likely to affect significantly the general patterns of ground-water flow.

\n

Model simulations also indicated that drawdown caused by pumping two wells, each pumping at 75 gallons per minute and located about 1 mile southeast of the source of contamination, would be effective in controlling movement and volume of contaminated ground water in the immediate area of the source of contamination. Some contamination may already have moved beyond the influence of these wells, however, because of a complex set of hydraulic conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri904150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Lorenz, D., and Stark, J., 1990, Simulation of ground-water flow in the St Peter aquifer in an area contaminated by coal-tar derivatives, St Louis Park, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4150, v, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904150.","productDescription":"v, 37 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57251,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4150/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4150/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":408281,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47405.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Louis Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.4988021850586,\n 44.87436239539944\n ],\n [\n -93.4988021850586,\n 45.000009785501575\n ],\n [\n -93.25504302978516,\n 45.000009785501575\n ],\n [\n -93.25504302978516,\n 44.87436239539944\n ],\n [\n -93.4988021850586,\n 44.87436239539944\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f26b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lorenz, D. L.","contributorId":10776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28838,"text":"wri874200 - 1990 - Geochemistry of batch-extract waters derived from spoil material collected at the Cordero coal mine, Powder River basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri874200","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4200","title":"Geochemistry of batch-extract waters derived from spoil material collected at the Cordero coal mine, Powder River basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Batch-mixing experiments to evaluate postmining water quality at the Cordero Mine were conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey during 1984 to 1985. Contact of groundwater from the spoil aquifer with fresh spoil material caused only small changes in major-element concentrations and in pH, unless sulfide oxidation or contact with soluble salts, such as epsomite, occurred. In contrast, large changes in major-element concentration resulted when water from the coal aquifer contacted the spoil material. Only three of seven reaction models considered to explain the water quality changes during the batch-mixing experiments were consistent with the thermodynamic and mineralogical data. The three models used to account for the observed water quality changes derived potassium from potassium feldspar; magnesium from chlorite or epsomite or both; sodium from cation exchange and halite; chloride from halite; silica from potassium feldspar and chlorite; sulfate from gypsum, or epsomite or both, and carbon from carbon dioxide. In general, water quality samples obtained from the batch-mixing experiments using water from the coal aquifer had smaller major-ion concentrations than the actual water quality in the spoil aquifer. These differences can be explained by the limited amount of efflorescent salt dissolution and volume of water used in the experiments. Correction ratios calculated for these experiments may be applied to batch-mixing experiments at other mines in the area, to predict postmining water quality. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nU.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri874200","usgsCitation":"Naftz, D.L., 1990, Geochemistry of batch-extract waters derived from spoil material collected at the Cordero coal mine, Powder River basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4200, vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874200.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122763,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4200/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57713,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4200/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a844c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naftz, D. L.","contributorId":40624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naftz","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}