{"pageNumber":"1407","pageRowStart":"35150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40871,"records":[{"id":47481,"text":"b1737D - 1990 - Mineral Resources of the Mount Nutt Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":47481,"text":"b1737D - 1990 - Mineral Resources of the Mount Nutt Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona","indexId":"b1737D","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Mineral Resources of the Mount Nutt Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":39795,"text":"b1737 - 1989 - Mineral resources of wilderness study areas: Black Mountains region, Arizona","indexId":"b1737","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of wilderness study areas: Black Mountains region, Arizona"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":39795,"text":"b1737 - 1989 - Mineral resources of wilderness study areas: Black Mountains region, Arizona","indexId":"b1737","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"title":"Mineral resources of wilderness study areas: Black Mountains region, Arizona"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-09T08:50:47","indexId":"b1737D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1737","chapter":"D","title":"Mineral Resources of the Mount Nutt Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona","docAbstract":"The Mount Nutt Wilderness Study Area (AZ-020-024) is located in the Black Mountains about 15 mi west of Kingman, Arizona. At the request of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, approximately 27,210 acres of the wilderness study area was evaluated for mineral resources (known) and mineral resource potential (undiscovered). In this report, the area studied is referred to as the 'wilderness study area' or simply 'the study area'; any reference to the Mount Nutt Wilderness Study Area refers only to that part of the wilderness study area (27,210 acres) for which a mineral survey was requested. The U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines conducted geological, geochemical, and geophysical surveys to assess the identified mineral resources and mineral resource potential of the study area. Fieldwork for this report was carried out in 1987 and 1988. A gold resource totaling at least 56,000 troy oz has been identified at two sites in Secret Pass Canyon, less than 0.5 mi north of the study area. No other metallic mineral resources were identified inside the study area. An area near the center of the study area contains fire agate, a gem stone. On the basis of tonnage, site accessibility, and current production methods, this area is considered an indicated subeconomic fire-agate resource for the foreseeable future. Sand and gravel are present in the study area. An area surrounding the Tincup mine and including a small portion of the extreme north-central part of the study area has high potential for gold and low potential for silver, lead, and mercury. Three areas in the extreme northwestern, north-central, and southwestern parts of the study area have moderate potential for gold and low potential for silver, lead, and mercury. A small area near the known fire-agate resource in the south-central part of the study area has low potential for fire agate. Large areas in the eastern and central parts of the study area have low potential for perlite and zeolite resources. The entire study area has no potential for oil and gas and no potential for geothermal resources.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1737D","usgsCitation":"Gray, F., Jachens, R.C., Miller, R.J., Turner, R.L., Livo, E.K., Knepper, D.H., Mariano, J., and Almquist, C.L., 1990, Mineral Resources of the Mount Nutt Wilderness Study Area, Mohave County, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1737, vi, D1-D22, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1737D.","productDescription":"vi, D1-D22","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":84421,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1737d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":171186,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1737d/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.75,35 ], [ -114.75,35.333333333333336 ], [ -114,35.333333333333336 ], [ -114,35 ], [ -114.75,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db6357c2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gray, Floyd 0000-0002-0223-8966 fgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0223-8966","contributorId":603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Floyd","email":"fgray@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":235487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":235488,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Robert J. rjmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":2516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Robert","email":"rjmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":235490,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Turner, Robert L.","contributorId":45283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Livo, Eric K. 0000-0001-7331-8130","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-8130","contributorId":88605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livo","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Knepper, Daniel H. dknepper@usgs.gov","contributorId":1242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knepper","given":"Daniel","email":"dknepper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":235489,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mariano, John","contributorId":69949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariano","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Almquist, Carl L.","contributorId":49420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Almquist","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":235492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":43990,"text":"ofr89614 - 1990 - Time-of-travel of solutes in the Trinity River from Dallas to Trinidad, Texas, May and August 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-23T15:50:52","indexId":"ofr89614","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-614","title":"Time-of-travel of solutes in the Trinity River from Dallas to Trinidad, Texas, May and August 1987","docAbstract":"

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the city of Dallas, conducted a study of the time of travel of solutes during moderate flow conditions in a reach of the Trinity River from the outfall of the Dallas Central Wastewater Treatment Plant (DCWTP) to the USGS streamflow-gaging station 08062700, Trinity River at Trinidad, in May and August 1987.  Previous USGS time-of-travel studies of this reach of the river (Ollman, 1973; 1975) provided low- and moderate-flow data.  The data were included in the calibrartion of a mathematical water-quality model used by the city of Dallas and other public and private entities involved in water resources managemnt of the area.  The purpose of this study was to provide additional data to extend calibration of that model to include moderately higher streamflow conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/ofr89614","issn":"ma","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Dallas","usgsCitation":"Gain, W.S., 1990, Time-of-travel of solutes in the Trinity River from Dallas to Trinidad, Texas, May and August 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-614, 35.77 x 24.93 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr89614.","productDescription":"35.77 x 24.93 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":169007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr89614.PNG"},{"id":81408,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1989/0614/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Dallas, Trinidad","otherGeospatial":"Trinity River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.90216064453125,\n 32.150036509965304\n ],\n [\n -96.90216064453125,\n 32.856518010109575\n ],\n [\n -96.06170654296875,\n 32.856518010109575\n ],\n [\n -96.06170654296875,\n 32.150036509965304\n ],\n [\n -96.90216064453125,\n 32.150036509965304\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b545","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gain, W. Scott wsgain@usgs.gov","contributorId":346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gain","given":"W.","email":"wsgain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":228945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29634,"text":"wri894159 - 1990 - A statistical processor for analyzing simulations made using the Modular Finite-Difference Ground-water Flow Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri894159","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4159","title":"A statistical processor for analyzing simulations made using the Modular Finite-Difference Ground-water Flow Model","docAbstract":"Many hydrologic studies of ground-water systems are conducted using a digital computer model as an aid to understanding the flow system. One of the most commonly used ground-water modeling programs is the Modular Three-Dimensional Ground-water Flow Model (Modular Model) by McDonald and Harbaugh. This report presents a computer program to summarize the data input to and output from the Modular Model. The program is named the Modular Model Statistical Processor and is designed to be run following the Modular Model.\r\nThe Modular Model Statistical Processor provides ground-water modelers with the capabilities to easily read data input to and output from the Modular Model, calculate descriptive statistics, generate histograms, perform logical tests using relational operators, calculate data arrays using arithmetic operators, and calculate flow vectors for use in a graphical-display program.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894159","usgsCitation":"Scott, J.C., 1990, A statistical processor for analyzing simulations made using the Modular Finite-Difference Ground-water Flow Model: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4159, v. 218 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894159.","productDescription":"v. 218 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4159/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58454,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4159/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a62b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scott, J. C.","contributorId":75901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27616,"text":"wri904025 - 1990 - Simulation of solute transport in variably saturated porous media with supplemental information on modifications to the US Geological Survey's computer program VS2D","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri904025","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4025","title":"Simulation of solute transport in variably saturated porous media with supplemental information on modifications to the US Geological Survey's computer program VS2D","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904025","usgsCitation":"Healy, R.W., 1990, Simulation of solute transport in variably saturated porous media with supplemental information on modifications to the US Geological Survey's computer program VS2D: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4025, v, 125 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904025.","productDescription":"v, 125 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4025/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56477,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4025/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f21c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Healy, R. W.","contributorId":89872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Healy","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":39844,"text":"b1805 - 1990 - Mineral resources of the Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area, Broadwater and Jefferson Counties, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-30T22:18:07.505489","indexId":"b1805","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1805","title":"Mineral resources of the Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area, Broadwater and Jefferson Counties, Montana","docAbstract":"

The Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area in west-central Montana has a moderate to high potential for resources of porphyry-type copper and molybdenum in the western part of the area, and a moderate to high potential for resources of gold, silver, lead, and zinc in replacement and vein deposits in the eastern part of the area. No evidence of potential oil, gas, and geothermal resources was identified in this study.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/b1805","usgsCitation":"Greenwood, W., Ludington, S., Miller, W.R., Hanna, W.F., Wenrich, K.J., Suits, V.J., and McHugh, J., 1990, Mineral resources of the Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area, Broadwater and Jefferson Counties, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1805, Report: vii, 37 p.; 5 plates: 39.22 x 31.30 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1805.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 37 p.; 5 plates: 39.22 x 31.30 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":67713,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"},{"id":170546,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":340386,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340385,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411262,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_21947.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":340384,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340383,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":340382,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1805/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","county":"Broadwater County, Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn Wilderness Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.082,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -111.661,\n 46.25\n ],\n [\n -111.661,\n 46.544\n ],\n [\n -112.082,\n 46.544\n ],\n [\n -112.082,\n 46.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b07e4b07f02db69ad63","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Greenwood, William R.","contributorId":53789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenwood","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ludington, Steve","contributorId":106848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludington","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, William R.","contributorId":53838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanna, William F.","contributorId":104045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wenrich, Karen J.","contributorId":19177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wenrich","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Suits, Vivian J.","contributorId":84765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suits","given":"Vivian","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McHugh, John B.","contributorId":64651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McHugh","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":29775,"text":"wri894169 - 1990 - Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-12T13:31:25","indexId":"wri894169","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4169","title":"Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Sixty-eight percent of the 22.6-square-mile Valley Creek basin is underlain by Cambrian and Ordovician limestone and dolomite. Ground water flows through a network of interconnected secondary openings; primary porosity is virtually nonexistent. Some of these openings have been enlarged by solution. Secondary porosity and permeability exhibit great spatial variability, and the yield and specific capacity of wells are highly variable. The number of water-bearing zones decreases with depth. Fifty percent of water-bearing zones are encountered within 100 feet of the land surface, and 81 percent are within 200 feet.\r\n\r\n Most ground-water flow in the Valley Creek basin is local and discharges to nearby streams. Ground-water discharge comprised an average of 76 percent of the flow of Valley Creek during 1983--87, including both natural ground- water discharge and quarry pumpage discharged to Valley Creek. Discharge from the Cedar Hollow quarry comprised 21 to 26 percent of the base flow of Valley Creek; the average was 23 percent. The average natural base flow of Valley Creek would be 8 percent lower if the quarry were not operating.\r\n\r\n Regional ground-water flow is to the northeast to the Schuylkill River. On the western side of the Valley Creek basin, the ground-water divide is 1/2 mile west of the surface-water divide. An estimated 0.75 million gallons per day of ground water flows from the adjacent West Valley Creek basn eastward into the Valley Creek basin. A ground-water divide is not present on the eastern side of the basin; the water table slopes gently eastward toward the Schuylkill River. On the northeaster side, an estimated 1.76 million gallons per day of ground water flows northeastward out of the basin to the Schuylkill River beneath the surface-water divide. On the southeaster side, an estimated 0.85 million gallons per day of ground water flows beneath the surface-water divide into the basin.\r\n\r\n Annual water budgets and an average water budget were calculated for 1983-87 for the 20.8-square-mile area bove the streamflow-gaging station. Annual precipitation for 1983-87 ranged from 40.61 to 56.55 inches and averaged 47.25 inches; annual streamflow ranged from 15.55 to 28.57 inches and averaged 22.31 inches; annual evapotranspiration ranged from 18.21 to 24.83 inches and averaged 22.90 inches; and annual recharge ranged from 15.89 to 26.84 inches and averaged 21.04 inches.\r\n\r\n The Valley Creek basin was modeled as a two-dimensional water-table aquifer. Recharge to, ground-water flow through, and discharge from the rocks of Chester valley were simulated. In order to include the natural hydrologic boundaries of the ground-water-flwo system, the 66.4-square-mile area between the Brandywine Creek and the Schuylkill River was modeled. The model was calibrated under stead-state conditions using avareage recharge and evapotranspiration rates. Aquifer hydraulic conductivity was estimated from specific-capacity and quifer-test data. The average (1983-87) annual water budget for hte Valley Creek basin was simualted.\r\n\r\n The effect of increased ground-water development on base flow and underflow was simulated by locating a hypothetical well field produceing 4 million gallons per day in different parts of the basin. Pumpage from a well field near surface-water divides would induce as much as an additional 1.41 inches per year of underflow from an adjacent surface-water basin. Pumpage from a well field near the center of the basin would affect base flow more than underflow.\r\n\r\n Increased seepage of ground water into quarries as a result of their expansion was simulated as increased withdrawal by pumping. A 100-percent increase in the pumping rate of the Cedar Hollow quarry, from 3.93 to 7.86 million gallons per day, owuld reduce the natural base flow of Valley Creek by 18 percent. However, the quarry pumpage would be discharged to Valley Creek, thereby increasing the base flow at the gaging station by ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894169","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1990, Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the carbonate rocks of the Valley Creek basin, eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4169, viii, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894169.","productDescription":"viii, 60 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4169/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58574,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4169/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58575,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4169/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58576,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4169/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58577,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4169/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27448,"text":"wri904167 - 1990 - Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T19:19:04.827574","indexId":"wri904167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4167","title":"Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Operation of the Garrison Diversion Unit in North Dakota may have various effects on the quantity and quality of streamflow in the Sheyenne River and the Red River of the North. To model the effects that the Garrison Diverson Unit could have on water quantity, monthly gaged and estimated streamflow data and estimated unregulated streamflow data were compiled to develop a complete monthly streamflow record for January 1931 through December 1984 (data-development period) for 29 sites in the Red River of the North basin.

Gaged streamflow records were available for January 1931 through December 1984 for only 4 sites; no records or records of various length were available for the remaining 25 sites. Drainage-area ratio and Maintenance of Variance Extension Type 1 methods were used to estimate the streamflow for those sites that had no streamflow record or had a streamflow record available for only part of the data-development period.

Unregulated streamflow for the 29 sites was estimated by removing the hydrologic effects of Lake Ashtabula, which is formed behind Baldhill Dam on the Sheyenne River, and surface-water withdrawals. VIater-balance procedures were used to remove the hydrologic effects of Lake Ashtabula from the streamflow record for sites downstream of Baldhill Dam.

Mean annual gaged streamflow for the Sheyenne River below Baldhill Dam was 9,175 acre-feet less than mean annual estimated unregulated streamflow for 1950-84, when Baldhill Dam was in operation. Net evaporation losses from Lake Ashtabula account for most of the difference between gaged streamflow and estimated unregulated streamflow.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri904167","usgsCitation":"Guenthner, R., Weigel, J.F., and Emerson, D.G., 1990, Gaged and estimated monthly streamflow during 1931-84 for selected sites in the Red River of the North basin in North Dakota and Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4167, Report: vi, 230 p.; 1 Plate: 21.28 x 15.64 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904167.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 230 p.; 1 Plate: 21.28 x 15.64 inches","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56307,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56306,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126801,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4167/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":411441,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47416.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota, North Dakota","otherGeospatial":"Red River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.5,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.6667,\n 49\n ],\n [\n -100.6667,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 45.75\n ],\n [\n -94.5,\n 49\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1460","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guenthner, R. S.","contributorId":31433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guenthner","given":"R. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weigel, J. F.","contributorId":74394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weigel","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emerson, D. G.","contributorId":39385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emerson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":49179,"text":"ofr90446A - 1990 - PROBDIST : probability distributions for modeling and simulation in the absence of data, Part A - Documentation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:12","indexId":"ofr90446A","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-446","chapter":"A","title":"PROBDIST : probability distributions for modeling and simulation in the absence of data, Part A - Documentation","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr90446A","usgsCitation":"Crovelli, R.A., and Balay, R.H., 1990, PROBDIST : probability distributions for modeling and simulation in the absence of data, Part A - Documentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 90-446, ii, 51 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr90446A.","productDescription":"ii, 51 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0446a/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":85955,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1990/0446a/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae4e4b07f02db689dad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crovelli, Robert A.","contributorId":92242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crovelli","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Balay, Richard H.","contributorId":10048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balay","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":239238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27365,"text":"wri904156 - 1990 - Governing equations and model approximation errors associated with the effects of fluid-storage transients on solute transport in aquifers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri904156","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4156","title":"Governing equations and model approximation errors associated with the effects of fluid-storage transients on solute transport in aquifers","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904156","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., 1990, Governing equations and model approximation errors associated with the effects of fluid-storage transients on solute transport in aquifers: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4156, vi, 20 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904156.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119853,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4156/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56227,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4156/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673e8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, D.J. 0000-0002-8527-2456","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":95512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":38439,"text":"pp1404F - 1990 - Conceptualization and analysis of ground-water flow system in the Coastal Plain of Virginia and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":48962,"text":"ofr86425W - 1986 - Conceptualization and analysis of ground-water flow system in the coastal plain of Virginia and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina","indexId":"ofr86425W","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"chapter":"W","title":"Conceptualization and analysis of ground-water flow system in the coastal plain of Virginia and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":38439,"text":"pp1404F - 1990 - Conceptualization and analysis of ground-water flow system in the Coastal Plain of Virginia and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina","indexId":"pp1404F","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"chapter":"F","title":"Conceptualization and analysis of ground-water flow system in the Coastal Plain of Virginia and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-17T19:31:36.542752","indexId":"pp1404F","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1404","chapter":"F","title":"Conceptualization and analysis of ground-water flow system in the Coastal Plain of Virginia and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina","docAbstract":"The ground-water flow system in the Coastal Plain of Virginia and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina consists of a water table aquifer and an underlying sequence of confined aquifers and intervening confining units composed of unconsolidated sand and clay. A digital flow model was developed to enhance knowledge of the behavior of the ground-water flow system in response to its development. Ten pumping periods covering 90 yr of withdrawal simulated the history of ground-water development. Simulated potentiometric-surface maps for 1980 show lowered water levels and the development of coalescing cones of depression around the cities of Franklin, Suffolk, and Williamsburg and the town of West Point, all in Virginia. The largest simulated decline in water level, about 210 ft was near Franklin. Water budgets indicate that over the period of simulation (1891-1980): (1) pumpage from the model area increased by about 105 Mgal/d; (2) lateral boundary outflow increased by about 5 Mgal/d; (3) ground-water flow to streams and coastal water decreased by about 107.5 Mgal/d; (4) lateral boundary inflow increased by about 0.7 Mgal/d, and (5) water released from aquifer storage increased by about 1.6 Mgal/d. Simulated rates of recharge into the confined aquifer system at the end of the final pumping period (1980) varied up to 3.8 in/yr. and simulated rates of discharge out of the confined system varied up to 2.2 in/yr. Results of simulations show an increase of about 110 Mgal/d into the confined system from the unconfined system over the period of simulation. This increase in flow into the confined system affected local discharge of ground water to streams and regional discharge to coastal water. Lowering the storage coefficient of the aquifer had a minimal effect simulated water levels, whereas increasing the storage coefficient had a much more significant effect.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Regional aquifer-system analysis--northern Atlantic Coastal Plain","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1404F","usgsCitation":"Harsh, J.F., and Laczniak, R.J., 1990, Conceptualization and analysis of ground-water flow system in the Coastal Plain of Virginia and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1404, 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1404F.","productDescription":"100 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":484736,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_4846.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1404_f.jpg"},{"id":3448,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/pp1404-F/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.696044921875,\n 38.19502155795575\n ],\n [\n -75.069580078125,\n 37.71859032558816\n ],\n [\n -75.289306640625,\n 37.125286284966805\n ],\n [\n -75.047607421875,\n 36.53612263184686\n ],\n [\n -74.90478515625,\n 35.96911507577482\n ],\n [\n -79.25537109375,\n 35.97800618085566\n ],\n [\n -79.365234375,\n 38.41055825094609\n ],\n [\n -79.03564453124999,\n 38.65119833229951\n ],\n [\n -78.837890625,\n 38.89103282648846\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 39.26628442213066\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 39.487084981687495\n ],\n [\n -78.3544921875,\n 39.757879992021756\n ],\n [\n -77.783203125,\n 39.50404070558415\n ],\n [\n -77.58544921874999,\n 39.317300373271024\n ],\n [\n -77.398681640625,\n 39.25352462727606\n ],\n [\n -77.398681640625,\n 39.21097520599528\n ],\n [\n -77.431640625,\n 39.14710270770074\n ],\n [\n -77.32177734375,\n 39.095962936305476\n ],\n [\n -77.1240234375,\n 39.027718840211605\n ],\n [\n -76.904296875,\n 38.685509760012\n ],\n [\n -75.91552734375,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -74.696044921875,\n 38.19502155795575\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a4809","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harsh, John F.","contributorId":81905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harsh","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":219825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":33190,"text":"b1933 - 1990 - Environmental changes in the Tule Lake basin, Siskiyou and Modoc Counties, California, from 3 to 2 million years before present","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T14:53:48","indexId":"b1933","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1933","title":"Environmental changes in the Tule Lake basin, Siskiyou and Modoc Counties, California, from 3 to 2 million years before present","docAbstract":"

Pollen and diatom analyses of a core from the town of Tulelake, Siskiyou County, California, for the period between 3 and 2 Ma reveal a paleoclimatic and paleolimnologic sequence recording a long, warm time interval that lasted from about 2.9 to 2.6 Ma and had a short, cooler interval within it. During this warm interval, the regional vegetation surrounding ancient Tule Lake was a mixed coniferous forest, and Tule Lake was a warm monomictic lake. Approximate modern analogs for this Pliocene fossil record at Tulelake are found at least 2 degrees farther south. The Tulelake warm interval appears to have correlatives in the North Atlantic oxygen isotope record and in the pollen record of the Reuverian in the Netherlands. An interval beginning at about 2.4 Ma was characterized at Tule Lake by slow sedimentation, by changes in the relative amounts of algae in the lake, and by an increase in the maximum percentages of Artemisia pollen.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/b1933","usgsCitation":"Adam, D.P., Bradbury, J.P., Rieck, H.J., and Sarna-Wojcicki, A.M., 1990, Environmental changes in the Tule Lake basin, Siskiyou and Modoc Counties, California, from 3 to 2 million years before present: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1933, iii, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/b1933.","productDescription":"iii, 13 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":167500,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1933/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":60992,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bul/1933/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Modoc County, Siskiyou County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602547","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adam, David P.","contributorId":36132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradbury, J. Platt","contributorId":91106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradbury","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Platt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rieck, Hugh J.","contributorId":44560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rieck","given":"Hugh","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sarna-Wojcicki, Andrei M. 0000-0002-0244-9149 asarna@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-9149","contributorId":1046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sarna-Wojcicki","given":"Andrei","email":"asarna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":210149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":38368,"text":"pp1515 - 1990 - The San Andreas Fault System, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-10T15:06:12","indexId":"pp1515","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1515","title":"The San Andreas Fault System, California","docAbstract":"

Maps of northern and southern California printed on flyleaf inside front cover and on adjacent pages show faults that have had displacement within the past 2 million years. Those that have had displacement within historical time are shown in red. Bands of red tint emphasize zones of historical displacement; bands of orange tint emphasize major faults that have had Quaternary displacement before historical time. Faults are dashed where uncertain, dotted where covered by sedimentary deposits, and queried when doubtful. Arrows indicate direction of relative movement; sawteeth on upper plate of thrust fault.

These maps are reproductions, in major part, of selected plates from the \"Fault Map of California,\" published in 1975 by the California Division of Mines and Geology at a scale of 1:750,000; the State map was compiled and data interpreted by Charles W. Jennings. New data about faults, not shown on the 1975 edition, required modest revisions, primarily additions however, most of the map was left unchanged because the California Division of Mines and Geology is currently engaged in a major revision and update of the 1975 edition. Because of the reduced scale here, names of faults and places were redrafted or omitted. Faults added to the reduced map are not as precise as on the original State map, and the editor of this volume selected certain faults and omitted others. Principal regions for which new information was added are the region north of the San Francisco Bay area and the offshore regions.

Many people have contributed to the present map, but the editor is solely responsible for any errors and omissions. Among those contributing informally, but extensively, and the regions to which each contributed were G.A. Carver, onland region north of lat 40°N.; S.H. Clarke, offshore region north of Cape Mendocino; R.J. McLaughlin, onland region between lat 40°00' and 40°30' N. and long 123°30' and 124°30' W.; D.S. McCulloch offshore region between lat 35° and 40° N.; J.G. Vedder, offshore reglor south of lat 35° N.; and D.G. Herd, southern San Francisco Bay region. The Fault Evaluation Program of the California Division of Mines and Geology under the direction of E.W. Hart, provided much data about many faults. Unpublished material about the Bartlett Springs fault zone that was gathered by Geomatrix Consultants for the Pacific Gas and Electric Co. was very useful. In addition, selected publications that provided invaluable data include Bortugno (1982), Herd (1977), Herd and Helley (1977), Pampeyan and others (1981), and Yerkes and others (1980). 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1515","usgsCitation":"1990, The San Andreas Fault System, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1515, viii, 283 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1515.","productDescription":"viii, 283 p.","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1515.jpg"},{"id":9777,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1990/1515/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":333194,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1990/1515/pp1515.pdf","text":"Report","size":"116 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125,33 ], [ -125,43 ], [ -114,43 ], [ -114,33 ], [ -125,33 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67abf3","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wallace, Robert E.","contributorId":15570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":658428,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27216,"text":"wri894210 - 1990 - Application of a distributed-routing rainfall-runoff model to flood-frequency estimation in Somerset County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri894210","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4210","title":"Application of a distributed-routing rainfall-runoff model to flood-frequency estimation in Somerset County, New Jersey","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894210","usgsCitation":"Fulton, J., 1990, Application of a distributed-routing rainfall-runoff model to flood-frequency estimation in Somerset County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4210, vii, 78 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894210.","productDescription":"vii, 78 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119874,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4210/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56088,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4210/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67ab5e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fulton, J.L.","contributorId":49407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fulton","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27110,"text":"wri884201 - 1990 - Geohydrologic characteristics and simulated response to pumping stresses in the Sparta aquifer in East-Central Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-08T16:05:12","indexId":"wri884201","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4201","title":"Geohydrologic characteristics and simulated response to pumping stresses in the Sparta aquifer in East-Central Arkansas","docAbstract":"

A finite difference digital model of the Sparta aquifer system in Arkansas was developed to aid in assessing the geohydrologic characteristics of the aquifer as well as the impact of withdrawals on water-level declines in the aquifer. The model consists of two layers. The Cockfield aquifer, represented by layer 1, was modeled as a constant head surface. The Sparta aquifer is represented by layer 2. The base of the Sparta aquifer was modeled as a no-flow boundary. The model boundaries to the north, south, and east in Mississippi were represented by specified heads, while boundaries to the west in Louisiana were represented as no flow. The model period of 1989 to 1985 was divided into 25 stress periods. Appropriate aquifer withdrawals were assigned to each stress period. Calibrated hydraulic conductivities of the Sparta aquifer, ranged from 1 to 35 ft/day. Calibrated hydraulic vertical conductivities of the Cook Mountain confining unit ranged from 0.0003 to 0.000009 ft/day. The calibrated storage coefficient of the aquifer was 0.0001. More than 80% of the recharge to the aquifer came from vertical leakage and from direct recharge on the outcrop. Greater than 90 % of outflow from the aquifer was from pumpage or leakage to rivers. Theoretical pumping schemes to the year 2005 indicated that virtually no change to the potentiometric surface occurred when 1985 pumping rates were extended to 2005. Doubling of pumpage over the entire study area resulted in additional water-level declines of up to 130 ft. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri884201","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, D.J., Kilpatrick, J.M., and McWreath, H., 1990, Geohydrologic characteristics and simulated response to pumping stresses in the Sparta aquifer in East-Central Arkansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4201, Report: vi, 50 p.; 16 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884201.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 50 p.; 16 Plates","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359361,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359362,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359363,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359364,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-16.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359365,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-15.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359366,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-14.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359367,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-13.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359356,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-9.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359357,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-8.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359358,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359359,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359360,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359368,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-12.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359369,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-11.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359370,"rank":16,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-10.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":359371,"rank":17,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158994,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4201/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8e7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Daniel J.","contributorId":31367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kilpatrick, John M. 0000-0002-1180-3752 jmkilpat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-3752","contributorId":1010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"John","email":"jmkilpat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McWreath, Harry","contributorId":105343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McWreath","given":"Harry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27087,"text":"wri894089 - 1990 - Hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality of Black Earth Creek and its tributaries, Dane County, Wisconsin, 1985-86","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T10:21:39","indexId":"wri894089","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4089","title":"Hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality of Black Earth Creek and its tributaries, Dane County, Wisconsin, 1985-86","docAbstract":"

An intensive data-collection program for the Black Earth Creek basin in southern Wisconsin was conducted from October 1984 through September 1986 to assess the hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality in Black Earth Creek by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Three sites on two cold-water trout streams Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains, Black Earth Creek near Cross Plains, and Garfoot Creek near Cross Plains were continuously monitored for streamflow and water-quality data. One site in a warm-water stream, Brewery Creek at Cross Plains, also was monitored. Aquatic macrophyte biomass was determined for three sites on Black Earth Creek.

\n

Streamflow at Black Earth Creek at Black Earth during the 1985 and 1986 water years (WY) were 44 and 60 percent greater than the long-term mean discharge of 33.3 ft3/s (cubic feet per second) for the period 1955-86. Water year 1986 had the highest annual mean discharge, 53.4 ft3/s, since records began in 1954 at the most downstream site Black Earth Creek at Black Earth. Although there have been considerable fluctuations in streamflow, it has tended to increase since WY 1965 as a result of above-average precipitation and consequent rising ground-water levels.

\n

Trout population densities may be related to annual mean streamflow. A regression analysis of adult trout populations and the 3-year moving annual mean discharge had a correlation coefficient of 0.75 with a standard error of 83 percent.

\n

Aquatic macrophyte biomass in Black Earth Creek was substantially less in 1986 than in 1985 as a result of substrate scouring from the flood of July 25, 1985. The frequency of occurrence of species during 1985 and 1986 was similar to that of 1981, and seasonal succession of species also was similar; Potamogeton crispus dominated early in the year and senesced in July. P. crispus and P. pectinatus, both indicative of eutrophic conditions, dominated upstream and downstream, respectively; neither species is native to the area. In 1985, the greatest biomass was found upstream from Cross Plains. This large biomass caused diurnal fluctuations in dissolved-oxygen concentration of 5 to 6 mg/L (milligrams per liter) as a result of photosynthesis and respiration. Many of the dissolved-oxygen minimums, recorded at night, were less than the State 6.0-mg/L water-quality standard for trout waters. Discharge from point sources may adversely affect Black Earth Creek's water quality. Warm water discharged to Black Earth Creek from a gravel pit operation upstream from Cross Plains increased water temperatures 2 to 4 degrees Celsius and decreased the dissolved oxygen about 1 mg/L at a site 1.8 miles downstream. Runoff from a settling pond from a landfill operation in the headwaters of the Black Earth Creek basin drains through a wetland that drains to Black Earth Creek and contained as much as 60 mg/L ammonia nitrogen, 980 mg/L biochemical oxygen demand, and 1,300 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, which may be detrimental to trout.

\n

Garfoot Creek had the highest suspended-sediment and phosphorus yields per unit area of the three upstream basins during low to moderate runoff. Detention ponds in the Brewery Creek basin appear to be less effective in controlling suspended-sediment and phosphorus loads during periods of high runoff than during moderate runoff. Brewery Creek had the highest concentrations of suspended sediment and total phosphorus during low and high flows. The water quality at the Black Earth Creek gaging station at Black Earth was affected by Garfoot Creek and unnamed tributaries. As a result, yields of suspended sediment, phosphorus, and nitrogen increased between Cross Plains and Black Earth. High streamflows during WY 1985 resulted in suspendedsediment yields at Black Earth Creek at Black Earth that were 29 percent greater than the 12-year (1955-65, 85-86) mean; yields ranged from 69.5 ton/mi2 (tons per square mile) in Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains to 116 ton/mi2 in the Brewery Creek basin. Phosphorus yields ranged from 312 lb/mi2 (pounds per square mile) in Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains to 628 lb/mi2 in the Brewery Creek basin. Total nitrogen yields ranged from 3,280 lb/mi2 in the Brewery Creek basin to 6,920 lb/mi2 in the Garfoot Creek basin.

\n

An increase in oxygen demand, caused by agricultural runoff, has resulted in reduced dissolved-oxygen content of the water in both Black Earth and Garfoot Creeks. The most substantial reduction occurred at Black Earth Creek at Cross Plains on July 25, 1985, as a result of the largest storm runoff event during the study. A rainfall of 5.54 inches caused streamflow discharges to increase from 9 to 122 ft3/s and dissolved-oxygen concentrations to decline to 3.0 mg/L; the dissolved-oxygen concentration was less than 6.0 mg/L for 30 hours.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894089","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., and Graczyk, D., 1990, Hydrology, aquatic macrophytes, and water quality of Black Earth Creek and its tributaries, Dane County, Wisconsin, 1985-86: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4089, vi, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894089.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55953,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4089/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4089/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","otherGeospatial":"Black Earth Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.72911834716797,\n 43.18440150752066\n ],\n [\n -89.791259765625,\n 43.09170711357466\n ],\n [\n -89.66697692871094,\n 43.06838615478111\n ],\n [\n -89.54132080078125,\n 43.04555812998933\n ],\n [\n -89.53239440917969,\n 43.11401670811261\n ],\n [\n -89.51934814453125,\n 43.13130731581085\n ],\n [\n -89.52587127685547,\n 43.14082759275761\n ],\n [\n -89.72911834716797,\n 43.18440150752066\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc71d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graczyk, D.J.","contributorId":108119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graczyk","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28379,"text":"wri904165 - 1990 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and overlying aquifers near the Mississippi River, Fridley, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T13:10:18","indexId":"wri904165","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4165","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and overlying aquifers near the Mississippi River, Fridley, Minnesota","docAbstract":"

A three-dimensional, ground-water-flow model was developed to gain an improved understanding of the ground-water-flow system and its response to withdrawals near the Minneapolis Water Works in Fridley, Minnesota. Eight hydrogeologic units are represented in the ground-water-flow model. Aquifers represented are the unconfined-drift, confined-drift, St. Peter, and Prairie du Chien-Jordan. Confining units represented are the upper drift, basal-drift, Decorah-Platteville-Glenwood, and basal St. Peter confining units. The ground-water-flow model was calibrated for steady-state conditions fbr a period before substantial ground-water development (1885-1930) and for a period of significant pumping stress (winter conditions, 1970-79). The principle of superposition was used in the steady-state simulation for 1970- 79. Transient conditions were simulated for an aquifer test conducted at the Minneapolis Water Works site and for seasonal variations in ground-water withdrawals resulting in seasonal fluctuations of hydraulic heads of as much as about 45 ft. Sensitivity analysis indicated that hydraulic heads in the confined-drift and St. Peter aquifers and Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer were most affected by varying the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the upper drift confining unit and recharge to the confined-drift and St. Peter aquifers.

\n

Spatially variable leakage to the confined-drift and St. Peter aquifers in the steady-state simulation for 1885-1930 ranged from 1.0 to 2.3 inches per year. Leakage to the confined-drift and St. Peter aquifers in the steady-state simulation for 1970-79 increased 0 to 3.0 inches per year above the initial steady-state results. This increase represents additional leakage caused by the lowering of hydraulic heads due to ground-water withdrawals. Simulated leakage to the confined-drift and St. Peter aquifers for the transient simulation for 1987 varied both seasonally (0.4 to 2.1 inches per stress period) and spatially (2.6 to 5.7 inches per year). 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri904165","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minneapolis Water Works","usgsCitation":"Lindgren, R.J., 1990, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Prairie du Chien-Jordan and overlying aquifers near the Mississippi River, Fridley, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4165, xi, 152 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904165.","productDescription":"xi, 152 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57181,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4165/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":159223,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4165/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Fridley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.566667,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -93.566667,\n 44.875\n ],\n [\n -92.916667,\n 44.875\n ],\n [\n -92.916667,\n 45.25\n ],\n [\n -93.566667,\n 45.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindgren, R. J.","contributorId":70808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26996,"text":"wri904130 - 1990 - The computer model SHARP, a quasi-three-dimensional finite-difference model to simulate freshwater and saltwater flow in layered coastal aquifer systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri904130","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4130","title":"The computer model SHARP, a quasi-three-dimensional finite-difference model to simulate freshwater and saltwater flow in layered coastal aquifer systems","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904130","usgsCitation":"Essaid, H., 1990, The computer model SHARP, a quasi-three-dimensional finite-difference model to simulate freshwater and saltwater flow in layered coastal aquifer systems: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4130, xi, 181 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904130.","productDescription":"xi, 181 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4130/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55884,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4130/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db668b50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Essaid, H.I.","contributorId":22342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"H.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31070,"text":"wsp2370E - 1990 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":13410,"text":"ofr8892 - 1988 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods","indexId":"ofr8892","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":31070,"text":"wsp2370E - 1990 - Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods","indexId":"wsp2370E","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"wsp2370E","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2370","chapter":"E","title":"Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods","docAbstract":"In Owens Valley, evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the largest components of outflow in the hydrologic budget and the least understood. ET estimates for December 1983 through October 1985 were made for seven representative locations selected on the basis of geohydrology and the characteristics of phreatophytic alkaline scrub and meadow communities. The Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and Penman-combination methods were used to estimate ET. The results of the analyses appear satisfactory when compared with other estimates of ET. Results by the eddy-correlation method are for a direct and a residual latent-heat flux that is based on sensible-heat flux and energy-budget measurements. Penman-combination potential-ET estimates were determined to be unusable because they overestimated actual ET. Modification of the psychrometer constant of this method to account for differences between heat-diffusion resistance and vapor-diffusion resistance permitted actual ET to be estimated. \r\n\r\nThe methods described in this report may be used for studies in similar semiarid and arid rangeland areas in the Western United States. Meteorological data for three field sites are included in the appendix of this report. Simple linear regression analysis indicates that ET estimates are correlated to air temperature, vapor-density deficit, and net radiation. Estimates of annual ET range from 301 millimeters at a low-density scrub site to 1,137 millimeters at a high-density meadow site. The monthly percentage of annual ET was determined to be similar for all sites studied.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. G.P.O. ;For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2370E","usgsCitation":"Duell, L.F., 1990, Estimates of evapotranspiration in alkaline scrub and meadow communities of Owens Valley, California, using the Bowen-ratio, eddy-correlation, and penman-combination methods: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2370, 39 p. Supercedes Open-file report 88-92, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2370E.","productDescription":"39 p. Supercedes Open-file report 88-92","numberOfPages":"39","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370e/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59629,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2370e/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcae8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duell, Lowell F. W. Jr.","contributorId":81124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duell","given":"Lowell","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26984,"text":"wri884198 - 1990 - A digital simulation of the glacial-aquifer system in the northern three-fourths of Brown County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:44","indexId":"wri884198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4198","title":"A digital simulation of the glacial-aquifer system in the northern three-fourths of Brown County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"A digital model was developed to simulate groundwater flow in a complex glacial-aquifer system that includes the Elm, Middle James, and Deep James aquifers in South Dakota. The average thickness of the aquifers ranges from 16 to 32 ft and the average hydraulic conductivity ranges from 240 to 300 ft/day. The maximum steady-state recharge to the aquifer system was estimated to be 7.0 in./yr, and the maximum potential steady- state evapotranspiration was estimated to be 35.4 in/yr. Maximum monthly recharge for 1985 ranged from zero in the winter to 2.5 in in May. The potential monthly evapotranspiration for 1985 ranged from zero in the winter to 7.0 in in July. The average difference between the simulated and observed water levels from steady-state conditions (pre-1983) was 0. 78 ft and the average absolute difference was 4.59 ft for aquifer layer 1 (the Elm aquifer) from 22 observation wells and 3.49 ft and 5.10 ft, respectively, for aquifer layer 2 (the Middle James aquifer) from 13 observation wells. The average difference between the simulated and observed water levels from simulated monthly potentiometric heads for 1985 in aquifer layer 1 ranged from -2.54 ft in July to 0.59 ft in May and in aquifer layer 2 ranged from -1.22 ft in April to 4.98 ft in November. Sensitivity analysis of the steady-state model indicates that it is most sensitive to changes in recharge and least sensitive to changes in hydraulic conductivity. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884198","usgsCitation":"Emmons, P., 1990, A digital simulation of the glacial-aquifer system in the northern three-fourths of Brown County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4198, v, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884198.","productDescription":"v, 74 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4198/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55871,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmons, P.J.","contributorId":60630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmons","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30504,"text":"wri894071 - 1990 - Ground-water flow in the Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south central United States — A preliminary analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-19T20:22:12.884776","indexId":"wri894071","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4071","title":"Ground-water flow in the Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south central United States — A preliminary analysis","docAbstract":"

A major objective of the Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer-System Analysis is to use digital models of regional groundwater flow systems to develop better understanding and to improve management of the resource. Modeling is used to synthesize information about the aquifer systems and to test hypotheses about the relative importance of the components of the systems. The 290,000-sq mile study area in the Gulf of Mexico Coastal Plain includes the Mississippi embayment, Gulf Coastal Plain of Texas, and the Continental Shelf that are underlain by deposits of Tertiary and younger age, which contain fresh and saline water. A 10-layer, finite-difference, variable density model, with blocks 10 miles on a side, was used to simulate groundwater flow before development and in 1980, assuming steady- state conditions. Preliminary results indicate that the major factors controlling predevelopment regional flow are the topography, land-surface outcrop pattern, and geometry of aquifers and confining units. Geologic structure and the distribution of precipitation were less significant factors. The density of saline water in the deeper parts of the aquifer system probably has a substantial effect on regional groundwater flow that extends into the freshwater part of the system. Variable water density may be a significant driving force that transports salt great distances in many directions, including updip. The distribution and rates of regional recharge and discharge have been substantially changed by development. Groundwater pumpage in 1980 was about five times the value of predevelopment regional recharge. About 80% of the pumpage was supplied from increased regional recharge. Also resistance to vertical flow caused by many fine-grained beds within the permeable zones can be as important as resistance caused by regional confining units.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894071","usgsCitation":"Williamson, A.K., Grubb, H.F., and Weiss, J.S., 1990, Ground-water flow in the Gulf Coast aquifer systems, south central United States — A preliminary analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4071, Report: vii, 124 p.; 4 Plates: 26.50 × 13.44 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894071.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 124 p.; 4 Plates: 26.50 × 13.44 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":59281,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59280,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59279,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59282,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":394536,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47182.htm"},{"id":123736,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59278,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4071/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Coast aquifer systems","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -100,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 26\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 37.3333\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 37.3333\n ],\n [\n -100,\n 26\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd49","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williamson, A. K.","contributorId":57872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williamson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grubb, H. F.","contributorId":16863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grubb","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weiss, J. S.","contributorId":63414,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weiss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26946,"text":"wri894153 - 1990 - Simulation of ground-water flow in aquifers in Cretaceous rocks in the central Coastal Plain, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-25T10:49:42","indexId":"wri894153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4153","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in aquifers in Cretaceous rocks in the central Coastal Plain, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The principal sources of water-supply in Cretaceous rocks in the central Coastal Plain of North Carolina are the Peedee, Black Creek, and upper Cape Fear aquifers. Ground-water withdrawals from these aquifers have increased from about 0.25 million gallons per day in 1910 to over 29 million gallons per day in 1986, causing water-level declines as much as 160 feet. The maximum rate of water-level decline in 1986 is about 11 feet per year in the Black Creek aquifer.\r\n\r\nA quasi-three dimensional ground-water flow model was constructed and calibrated for the period 1900 to 1986 to simulate past water-level declines and to estimate the effects of future pumpage. Comparisons of 1,867 observed and model-computed heads were made at 323 well sites. The average difference between computed and observed water levels is -1 foot. About 68 percent of all the differences between computed and observed water levels falls in the range from -21.0 to 21.0 feet.\r\n\r\nSimulation indicates that the 29 million gallons per day of pumpage in 1986 was supplied by (1) increased recharge (net discharge of 2 million gallons per day in 1900 changed to net recharge of 18 million gallons per day in 1986), (2) increased lateral inflow to the aquifers of about 8 million gallons per day, and (3) depletion of ground-water storage of about 1 million gallons per day. Two pumping scenarios simulated head changes through 1991 and were based on (1) constant pumpage at the 1986 rates in each aquifer, and (2) continuing increases in pumping rates from 1986 through 1991 and rates varying from 10 to 19 percent per year for the three pumped aquifers. For scenario 1, water-level declines exceeded 5 feet locally; however, water-level rises of about 1 foot occurred in two areas. For scenario 2, water-level declines ranged from 1 foot to 30 feet in some pumping centers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894153","usgsCitation":"Eimers, J.L., Lyke, W., and Brockman, A.R., 1990, Simulation of ground-water flow in aquifers in Cretaceous rocks in the central Coastal Plain, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4153, vii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894153.","productDescription":"vii, 101 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55834,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4153/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Plain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.89306640625,\n 34.08906131584994\n ],\n [\n -77.77221679687499,\n 34.252676117101515\n ],\n [\n -77.62939453125,\n 34.379712580462176\n ],\n [\n -77.2998046875,\n 34.56085936708384\n ],\n [\n -77.574462890625,\n 34.93097858831627\n ],\n [\n -77.28881835937499,\n 35.27701633139884\n ],\n [\n -77.27783203124999,\n 35.98689628443789\n ],\n [\n -78.36547851562499,\n 36.37706783983682\n ],\n [\n -79.07958984375,\n 35.862343734896484\n ],\n [\n -78.99169921875,\n 35.36217605914681\n ],\n [\n -78.60717773437499,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -78.25561523437499,\n 35.01200204316073\n ],\n [\n -78.44238281249999,\n 34.50655662164561\n ],\n [\n -77.89306640625,\n 34.08906131584994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2df7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eimers, J. L.","contributorId":95919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eimers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyke, W.L.","contributorId":75551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyke","given":"W.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brockman, A. 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The formation primarily consists of a thick body of veryfine to very coarse sand that includes subordinate lenses or beds of clay and silt at various horizons. The Memphis Sand ranges from 0 to about 900 feet in thickness, but where the original thickness is preserved, it is about 400 to 900 feet thick. The Memphis Sand yields water to wells in most of the area of occurrence in western Tennessee and, where saturated, makes up the Memphis aquifer.\r\n\r\nRecharge to the Memphis aquifer is from precipitation on the outcrop, which is a broad belt across western Tennessee, or by downward infiltration of water from the overlying fluvial deposits of Tertiary(?) and Quatemary age and alluvium of Quatemary age. Long-term data from five observation wells indicate that water levels have declined at average rates rangingfrom less than 0.1 to 1.3 feet per year during the period 1928-83. The largest declines have been in the Memphis area. Water from the Memphis aquifer generally is a calcium bicarbonate type, but locally is a sodium bicarbonate or mixed type. The water contains low concentrations of most major constituents and generally is suitable for most uses. Dissolved-solids concentrations range from 19 to 333 milligrams per liter. The results from 76 aquifer tests made in the Memphis area and western Tennessee during the period 1949-62 indicate that transmissivities range from 2,700 to 53,500 feet squared per day, and storage coefficients range from 0.0001 to 0.003. The Memphis aquifer provides moderate to large quantities of water for many public and industrial water supplies in western Tennessee and small quantities to numerous domestic and farm wells. Withdrawals for public and industrial supplies in 1983 averaged about 227 million gallons per day, of which 183 million gallons per day were in the Memphis area. The Memphis aquifer has much potential for future use, particularly at places outside the Memphis area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri884182","usgsCitation":"Parks, W.S., and Carmichael, J.K., 1990, Geology and ground-water resources of the Memphis Sand in western Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4182, iv, 30 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884182.","productDescription":"iv, 30 p. :ill. (some col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2292,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri88-4182","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_88_4182.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db6854ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, William Scott","contributorId":52148,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carmichael, J. K.","contributorId":90276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carmichael","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26844,"text":"wri904022 - 1990 - Geohydrology and ground-water geochemistry at a sub-arctic landfill, Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:21","indexId":"wri904022","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90-4022","title":"Geohydrology and ground-water geochemistry at a sub-arctic landfill, Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Fairbanks-North Star Borough, Alaska, landfill is located on silt, sand, and gravel deposits of the Tanana River flood plain, about 3 miles south of the city of Fairbanks water supply wells. The landfill has been in operation for about 25 years in this sub-arctic region of discontinuous permafrost. The cold climate limits biological activity within the landfill with corresponding low gas and leachate production. Chloride concentrations, specific conductance, water temperature, and earth conductivity measurements indicate a small plume of leachate flowing to the northwest from the landfill. The leachate remains near the water table as it flows northwestward toward a drainage ditch. Results of computer modeling of this local hydrologic system indicate that some of the leachate may be discharging to the ditch. Chemical data show that higher-than-background concentrations of several ions are present in the plume. However, the concentrations appear to be reduced to background levels within a short distance along the path of groundwater flow from the landfill, and thus the leachate is not expected to affect the water supply wells. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri904022","usgsCitation":"Downey, J.S., 1990, Geohydrology and ground-water geochemistry at a sub-arctic landfill, Fairbanks, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 90-4022, vi, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri904022.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4022/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55735,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1990/4022/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688527","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downey, J. S.","contributorId":100013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30221,"text":"wri894144 - 1990 - Hydrogeology of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri894144","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4144","title":"Hydrogeology of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee","docAbstract":"Approximately 44,000 gal of industrial solvent wastes were disposed in pits on a farm near Brentwood, Tennessee, in 1978, and contaminants were reported in the soil and shallow groundwater on the site in 1985. In order for the State to evaluate possible remedial-action alternatives, an 18-month study was conducted to define the hydrogeologic setting of the site and surrounding area. The area is underlain by four hydrogeologic units: (1) an upper aquifer consisting of saturated regolith, Bigby-Cannon Limestone, and weathered Hermitage Formation; (2) the Hermitage confining unit; (3) a lower aquifer consisting of the Carters Limestone; and (4) the Lebanon confining unit. Wells generally are low yielding less than 1 gal/min ), although locally the aquifers may yield as much as 80 gal/minute. This lower aquifer is anisotropic, and transmissivity of this aquifer is greatest in a northwest-southeast direction. Recharge to the groundwater system is primarily from precipitation, and estimates of average annual recharge rates range from 6 to 15 inches/year. Discharge from the groundwater system is primarily to the Little Harpeth River and its tributaries. Groundwater flow at the disposal site is mainly to a small topographic depression that drains the site. Geochemical data indicate four distinct water types. These types represent (1) shallow, rapidly circulating groundwater; (2) deeper (> than 100 ft), rapidly circulating groundwater; (3) shallow, slow moving groundwater; and (4) deeper, slow moving groundwater. Results of the numerical model indicate that most flow is in the upper aquifer. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Reports Section [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri894144","usgsCitation":"Tucci, P., Hanchar, D., and Lee, R.W., 1990, Hydrogeology of a hazardous-waste disposal site near Brentwood, Williamson County, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4144, v, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894144.","productDescription":"v, 68 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2415,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri89-4144","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":122688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_89_4144.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6248c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tucci, Patrick ptucci@usgs.gov","contributorId":926,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucci","given":"Patrick","email":"ptucci@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":202882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hanchar, D. W.","contributorId":87986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanchar","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":26782,"text":"wri884124 - 1990 - Geohydrology and water quality of confined-drift aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade area, west-central Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T10:29:13","indexId":"wri884124","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4124","title":"Geohydrology and water quality of confined-drift aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade area, west-central Minnesota","docAbstract":"

Confined-drift aquifers in six aquifer zones identified in a 1,300-square-mile area of west-central Minnesota near Brooten and Belgrade range in thickness from 5 to 110 feet. Transmissivities generally range from 500 to 10,000 feet squared per day, and theoretical well yields generally range from 100 to 900 gallons per minute.

\n

Regional ground-water flow in the confined-drift aquifers is to the southeast with local discharge to the East and Middle Branches of the Chippewa River, the North Fork Crow and Sauk Rivers, and to smaller streams, lakes, wetlands, and wells. Water levels near high-capacity pumped wells generally fluctuate 5 to 40 feet annually, compared to annual fluctuations of less than 5 feet in the unconfined aquifer.

\n

Water from confined-drift aquifers generally is suitable for most uses. The water is hard to very hard and contains locally elevated concentrations of iron, manganese, and dissolved solids.

\n

Results from a ground-water-flow model indicate that increased pumping from confined aquifers in the area would not adversely affect water levels. The addition of 10 to 20 hypothetical wells, pumping 123 to 246 million gallons per year, generally resulted in regional water-level declines of 0.1 to 1.0 feet. Simulations showed that the reduced recharge and increased pumping resulting from a 3-year drought probably would lower water levels between 5 and 10 feet regionally in the confined-drift aquifers and as much as 20 feet locally in the unconfined aquifer. Ground-water discharge to the East Branch Chippewa and North Fork Crow Rivers during the simulated drought would be reduced by 38 percent of 1984 conditions.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri884124","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources and the Western Minnesota Resource Conservation and Development Association","usgsCitation":"Delin, G., 1990, Geohydrology and water quality of confined-drift aquifers in the Brooten-Belgrade area, west-central Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4124, vii, 138 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884124.","productDescription":"vii, 138 p.","numberOfPages":"145","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science 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