{"pageNumber":"1407","pageRowStart":"35150","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165232,"records":[{"id":70048183,"text":"ds777 - 2013 - Geodatabase compilation of hydrogeologic, remote sensing, and water-budget-component data for the High Plains aquifer, 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-05T13:43:08","indexId":"ds777","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-13T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"777","title":"Geodatabase compilation of hydrogeologic, remote sensing, and water-budget-component data for the High Plains aquifer, 2011","docAbstract":"<p>The High Plains aquifer underlies almost 112 million acres in the central United States. It is one of the largest aquifers in the Nation in terms of annual groundwater withdrawals and provides drinking water for 2.3 million people. The High Plains aquifer has gained national and international attention as a highly stressed groundwater supply primarily because it has been appreciably depleted in some areas. The U.S. Geological Survey has an active program to monitor the changes in groundwater levels for the High Plains aquifer and has documented substantial water-level changes since predevelopment: the High Plains Groundwater Availability Study is part of a series of regional groundwater availability studies conducted to evaluate the availability and sustainability of major aquifers across the Nation. The goals of the regional groundwater studies are to quantify current groundwater resources in an aquifer system, evaluate how these resources have changed over time, and provide tools to better understand a systems response to future demands and environmental stresses. The purpose of this report is to present selected data developed and synthesized for the High Plains aquifer as part of the High Plains Groundwater Availability Study. The High Plains Groundwater Availability Study includes the development of a water-budget-component analysis for the High Plains completed in 2011 and development of a groundwater-flow model for the northern High Plains aquifer. Both of these tasks require large amounts of data about the High Plains aquifer. Data pertaining to the High Plains aquifer were collected, synthesized, and then organized into digital data containers called geodatabases. There are 8 geodatabases, 1 file geodatabase and 7 personal geodatabases, that have been grouped in three categories: hydrogeologic data, remote sensing data, and water-budget-component data. The hydrogeologic data pertaining to the northern High Plains aquifer is included in three separate geodatabases: (1) base data from a groundwater-flow model; (2) hydrogeology and hydraulic properties data; and (3) groundwater-flow model data to be used as calibration targets. The remote sensing data for this study were developed by the U. S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Center and include historical and predicted land-use/land-cover data and actual evapotranspiration data by using remotely sensed temperature data. The water-budget-component data contains selected raster data from maps in the &ldquo;Selected Approaches to Estimate Water-Budget Components of the High Plains, 1940 Through 1949 and 2000 Through 2009&rdquo; report completed in 2011 (<a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5183/\" target=\"_blank\">http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5183/</a>). Federal Geographic Data Committee compliant metadata were created for each spatial and tabular data layer in the geodatabases.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds777","usgsCitation":"Houston, N.A., Gonzales-Bradford, S.L., Flynn, A., Qi, S.L., Peterson, S.M., Stanton, J.S., Ryter, D.W., Sohl, T.L., and Senay, G., 2013, Geodatabase compilation of hydrogeologic, remote sensing, and water-budget-component data for the High Plains aquifer, 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 777, Report: vii, 12 p.; 29 Datasets, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds777.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 12 p.; 29 Datasets","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds777.gif"},{"id":277567,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/777/"},{"id":277568,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/777/pdf/ds777.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -96,0.0011111111111111111 ], [ -96,8.333333333333334E-4 ], [ -0.016666666666666666,8.333333333333334E-4 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523425d2e4b0b9e9b3336cd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzales-Bradford, Sophia L.","contributorId":92572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzales-Bradford","given":"Sophia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flynn, Amanda T.","contributorId":66586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"Amanda T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Qi, Sharon L. 0000-0001-7278-4498 slqi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-4498","contributorId":1130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Sharon","email":"slqi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Peterson, Steven M. 0000-0002-9130-1284 speterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1284","contributorId":847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Steven","email":"speterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ryter, Derek W. 0000-0002-2488-626X dryter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2488-626X","contributorId":3395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryter","given":"Derek","email":"dryter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":66808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70147910,"text":"70147910 - 2013 - Predicting paddlefish roe yields using an extension of the Beverton–Holt equilibrium yield-per-recruit model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-11T11:49:08","indexId":"70147910","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-13T13:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting paddlefish roe yields using an extension of the Beverton–Holt equilibrium yield-per-recruit model","docAbstract":"<p>Equilibrium yield models predict the total biomass removed from an exploited stock; however, traditional yield models must be modified to simulate roe yields because a linear relationship between age (or length) and mature ovary weight does not typically exist. We extended the traditional Beverton-Holt equilibrium yield model to predict roe yields of Paddlefish Polyodon spathula in Kentucky Lake, Tennessee-Kentucky, as a function of varying conditional fishing mortality rates (10-70%), conditional natural mortality rates (cm; 9% and 18%), and four minimum size limits ranging from 864 to 1,016mm eye-to-fork length. These results were then compared to a biomass-based yield assessment. Analysis of roe yields indicated the potential for growth overfishing at lower exploitation rates and smaller minimum length limits than were suggested by the biomass-based assessment. Patterns of biomass and roe yields in relation to exploitation rates were similar regardless of the simulated value of cm, thus indicating that the results were insensitive to changes in cm. Our results also suggested that higher minimum length limits would increase roe yield and reduce the potential for growth overfishing and recruitment overfishing at the simulated cm values. Biomass-based equilibrium yield assessments are commonly used to assess the effects of harvest on other caviar-based fisheries; however, our analysis demonstrates that such assessments likely underestimate the probability and severity of growth overfishing when roe is targeted. Therefore, equilibrium roe yield-per-recruit models should also be considered to guide the management process for caviar-producing fish species.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2013.820242","usgsCitation":"Colvin, M., Bettoli, P.W., and Scholten, G., 2013, Predicting paddlefish roe yields using an extension of the Beverton–Holt equilibrium yield-per-recruit model: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 5, p. 940-949, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.820242.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"940","endPage":"949","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041177","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2b8e4b0a92fa7e93c00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colvin, M.E.","contributorId":53190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colvin","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bettoli, Phillip William pbettoli@usgs.gov","contributorId":1919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bettoli","given":"Phillip","email":"pbettoli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"William","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":546366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Scholten, G.D.","contributorId":39184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scholten","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048170,"text":"ds791 - 2013 - Hydrographs showing groundwater levels for selected wells in the Puyallup River watershed and vicinity, Pierce and King Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-05-28T16:50:41","indexId":"ds791","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-13T11:17:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"791","title":"Hydrographs showing groundwater levels for selected wells in the Puyallup River watershed and vicinity, Pierce and King Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrographs of groundwater levels for selected wells in and adjacent to the Puyallup River watershed in Pierce and King Counties, Washington, are presented using an interactive Web-based map of the study area to illustrate changes in groundwater levels on a monthly and seasonal basis. The interactive map displays well locations that link to the hydrographs, which in turn link to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System, Groundwater Site Inventory System.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds791","usgsCitation":"Lane, R.C., Julich, R.J., and Justin, G., 2013, Hydrographs showing groundwater levels for selected wells in the Puyallup River watershed and vicinity, Pierce and King Counties, Washington (Originally posted September 13, 2013; Revised and reposted August 25, 2014, Version 1.1; Revised and reposted May 28, 2015, Version 1.2): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 791, HTML Document; Conversion Factors and Datums; 2 Figures; Table 1; Interactive Map, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds791.","productDescription":"HTML Document; Conversion Factors and Datums; 2 Figures; Table 1; Interactive Map","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277556,"rank":6,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds791.PNG"},{"id":277549,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/791/index.html"},{"id":277553,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/791/figure1.html","text":"Figure 1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Figure 1"},{"id":277552,"rank":3,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/791/conversions.html","text":"Conversion Factors and Datums","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Conversion Factors and Datums"},{"id":277554,"rank":4,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/791/figure2.html","text":"Figure 2","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"Figure 2"},{"id":277555,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/791/ds791_table1.xlsx","text":"Table 1","size":"23 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"description":"Table 1"},{"id":277560,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://wa.water.usgs.gov/projects/puyallupgw/hydrographs.htm","text":"Interactive Map","description":"Interactive Map"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"King County, Pierce County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.47764587402344,\n              47.43319679984749\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0972442626953,\n              47.43366127871628\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.0969009399414,\n              47.34580193235629\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.84661865234374,\n              47.34487142066085\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8445587158203,\n              47.26292215345572\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.48681640624999,\n              47.265252010946085\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.48406982421875,\n              46.992431036151324\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.981201171875,\n              46.992431036151324\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.97982788085938,\n              46.91322000960565\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35816955566406,\n              46.91087470241917\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35954284667967,\n              47.08415026205488\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.4872589111328,\n              47.08321514774161\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.47764587402344,\n              47.43319679984749\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Originally posted September 13, 2013; Revised and reposted August 25, 2014, Version 1.1; Revised and reposted May 28, 2015, Version 1.2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52342605e4b0b9e9b3336cda","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lane, R. C.","contributorId":6421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Julich, R. J.","contributorId":85666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Julich","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Justin, G.B.","contributorId":99658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Justin","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048146,"text":"70048146 - 2013 - Thinning increases climatic resilience of red pine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-13T10:42:05","indexId":"70048146","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-13T10:24:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1170,"text":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thinning increases climatic resilience of red pine","docAbstract":"Forest management techniques such as intermediate stand-tending practices (e.g., thinning) can promote climatic resiliency in forest stands by moderating tree competition. Residual trees gain increased access to environmental resources (i.e., soil moisture, light), which in turn has the potential to buffer trees from stressful climatic conditions. The influences of climate (temperature and precipitation) and forest management (thinning method and intensity) on the productivity of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in Michigan were examined to assess whether repeated thinning treatments were able to increase climatic resiliency (i.e., maintaining productivity and reduced sensitivity to climatic stress). The cumulative productivity of each thinning treatment was determined, and it was found that thinning from below to a residual basal area of 14 m<sup>2</sup>·ha<sup>−1</sup> produced the largest average tree size but also the second lowest overall biomass per acre. On the other hand, the uncut control and the thinning from above to a residual basal area of 28 m<sup>2</sup>·ha<sup>−1</sup> produced the smallest average tree size but also the greatest overall biomass per acre. Dendrochronological methods were used to quantify sensitivity of annual radial growth to monthly and seasonal climatic factors for each thinning treatment type. Climatic sensitivity was influenced by thinning method (i.e., thinning from below decreased sensitivity to climatic stress more than thinning from above) and by thinning intensity (i.e., more intense thinning led to a lower climatic sensitivity). Overall, thinning from below to a residual basal area of 21 m<sup>2</sup>·ha<sup>−1</sup> represented a potentially beneficial compromise to maximize tree size, biomass per acre, and reduced sensitivity to climatic stress, and, thus, the highest level of climatic resilience.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Forest Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/cjfr-2013-0088","usgsCitation":"Magruder, M., Chhin, S., Palik, B., and Bradford, J.B., 2013, Thinning increases climatic resilience of red pine: Canadian Journal of Forest Research, v. 43, no. 9, p. 878-889, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0088.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"878","endPage":"889","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-042108","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277544,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277513,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0088"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Manistee National Forest","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.4891,43.2936 ], [ -86.4891,44.3957 ], [ -85.4559,44.3957 ], [ -85.4559,43.2936 ], [ -86.4891,43.2936 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"43","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52342607e4b0b9e9b3336ce2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Magruder, Matthew","contributorId":75432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magruder","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chhin, Sophan","contributorId":7611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chhin","given":"Sophan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Palik, Brian","contributorId":34412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Palik","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bradford, John B. 0000-0001-9257-6303 jbradford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9257-6303","contributorId":611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"John","email":"jbradford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048155,"text":"pp1795B - 2013 - Lithofacies, age, depositional setting, and geochemistry of the Otuk Formation in the Red Dog District, northwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T20:57:58","indexId":"pp1795B","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-13T08:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1795","chapter":"B","title":"Lithofacies, age, depositional setting, and geochemistry of the Otuk Formation in the Red Dog District, northwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"Complete penetration of the Otuk Formation in a continuous drill core (diamond-drill hole, DDH 927) from the Red Dog District illuminates the facies, age, depositional environment, source rock potential, and isotope stratigraphy of this unit in northwestern Alaska. The section, in the Wolverine Creek plate of the Endicott Mountains Allochthon (EMA), is ~82 meters (m) thick and appears structurally uncomplicated. Bedding dips are generally low and thicknesses recorded are close to true thicknesses. Preliminary synthesis of sedimentologic, paleontologic, and isotopic data suggests that the Otuk succession in DDH 927 is a largely complete, albeit condensed, marine Triassic section in conformable contact with marine Permian and Jurassic strata. The Otuk Formation in DDH 927 gradationally overlies gray siliceous mudstone of the Siksikpuk Formation (Permian, based on regional correlations) and underlies black organic-rich mudstone of the Kingak(?) Shale (Jurassic?, based on regional correlations). The informal shale, chert, and limestone members of the Otuk are recognized in DDH 927, but the Jurassic Blankenship Member is absent. The lower (shale) member consists of 28 m of black to light gray, silty shale with as much as 6.9 weight percent total organic carbon (TOC). Thin limy layers near the base of this member contain bivalve fragments (Claraia sp.?) consistent with an Early Triassic (Griesbachian-early Smithian) age. Gray radiolarian chert dominates the middle member (25 m thick) and yields radiolarians of Middle Triassic (Anisian and Ladinian) and Late Triassic (Carnian-late middle Norian) ages. Black to light gray silty shale, like that in the lower member, forms interbeds that range from a few millimeters to 7 centimeters in thickness through much of the middle member. A distinctive, 2.4-m-thick interval of black shale and calcareous radiolarite ~17 m above the base of the member has as much as 9.8 weight percent TOC, and a 1.9-m-thick interval of limy to cherty mudstone immediately above this contains radiolarians, foraminifers, conodonts, and halobiid bivalve fragments. The upper (limestone) member (29 m thick) is lime mudstone with monotid bivalves and late Norian radiolarians, overlain by gray chert that contains Rhaetian (latest Triassic) radiolarians; Rhaetian strata have not previously been documented in the Otuk. Rare gray to black shale interbeds in the upper member have as much as 3.4 weight percent TOC. At least 35 m of black mudstone overlies the limestone member; these strata lack interbeds of oil shale and chert that are characteristic of the Blankenship, and instead they resemble the Kingak Shale. Vitrinite reflectance values (2.45 and 2.47 percent Ro) from two samples of black shale in the chert member indicate that these rocks reached a high level of thermal maturity within the dry gas window. Regional correlations indicate that lithofacies in the Otuk Formation vary with both structural and geographic position. For example, the shale member of the Otuk in the Wolverine Creek plate includes more limy layers and less barite (as blades, nodules, and lenses) than equivalent strata in the structurally higher Red Dog plate of the EMA, but it has fewer limy layers than the shale member in the EMA ~450 kilometers (km) to the east at Tiglukpuk Creek. The limestone member of the Otuk is thicker in the Wolverine Creek plate than in the Red Dog plate and differs from this member in EMA sections to the east in containing an upper cherty interval that lacks monotids; a similar interval is seen at the top of the Otuk Formation ~125 km to the west (Lisburne Peninsula). Our observations are consistent with the interpretations of previous researchers that Otuk facies become more distal in higher structural positions and that within a given structural level more distal facies occur to the west. Recent paleogeographic reconstructions indicate that the Otuk accumulated at a relatively high paleolatitude with a bivalve fauna typical of the Boreal realm. A suite of δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> (carbon isotopic composition of carbon) data (n=38) from the upper Siksikpuk Formation through the Otuk Formation and into the Kingak(?) Shale in DDH 927 shows a pattern of positive and negative excursions similar to those reported elsewhere in Triassic strata. In particular, a distinct negative excursion at the base of the Otuk (from ‒23.8 to ‒31.3‰ (permil, or parts per thousand)) likely correlates with a pronounced excursion that marks the Permian-Triassic boundary at many localities worldwide. Another feature of the Otuk δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> record that may correlate globally is a series of negative and positive excursions in the lower member. At the top of the Otuk in DDH 927, the δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> values are extremely low and may correlate with a negative excursion that is widely observed at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1795B","collaboration":"Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2011; This report is Chapter B in <i>Studies by the U.S. Geological Survey in Alaska, 2011</i>. For more information see <a href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1795/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">PP 1795</a>.","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., Burruss, R.A., and Blome, C.D., 2013, Lithofacies, age, depositional setting, and geochemistry of the Otuk Formation in the Red Dog District, northwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1795, Report: iv, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1795B.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277532,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1795b.gif"},{"id":277529,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1795/b/"},{"id":277530,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1795/b/pp1795b.pdf"},{"id":277531,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1795/index.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Red Dog District","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168,66.5 ], [ -168,69.5 ], [ -156,69.5 ], [ -156,66.5 ], [ -168,66.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52342606e4b0b9e9b3336cde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, Robert A. 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blome, Charles D. 0000-0002-3449-9378 cblome@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-9378","contributorId":1246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blome","given":"Charles","email":"cblome@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048143,"text":"ds703 - 2013 - The δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O of tap water from 349 sites in the United States and selected territories","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-12T13:50:39","indexId":"ds703","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-12T12:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"703","title":"The δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O of tap water from 349 sites in the United States and selected territories","docAbstract":"Because the stable isotopic compositions of hydrogen (δ<sup>2</sup>H) and oxygen (δ<sup>18</sup>O) of animal (including human) tissues, such as hair, nail, and urine, reflect the δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O of water and food ingested by an animal or a human and because the δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O of environmental waters vary geographically, δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O values of tap water samples collected in 2007-2008 from 349 sites in the United States and three selected U.S. territories have been measured in support of forensic science applications, creating one of the largest databases of tap water δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O values to date. The results of replicate isotopic measurements for these tap water samples confirm that the expanded uncertainties (U = 2μ<sub>c</sub>) obtained over a period of years by the Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory from δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O dual-inlet mass spectrometric measurements are conservative, at ±2‰ and ±0.2 ‰, respectively. These uncertainties are important because U.S. Geological Survey data may be needed for forensic science applications, including providing evidence in court cases. Half way through the investigation, an isotope-laser spectrometer was acquired, enabling comparison of dual-inlet isotope-ratio mass spectrometric results with isotope-laser spectrometric results. The uncertainty of the laser-based δ<sup>2</sup>H measurement results for these tap water samples is comparable to the uncertainty of the mass spectrometric method, with the laser-based method having a slightly lower uncertainty. However, the δ<sup>18</sup>O uncertainty of the laser-based method is more than a factor of ten higher than that of the dual-inlet isotoperatio mass spectrometric method.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds703","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., Landwehr, J.M., Qi, H., and Lorenz, J.M., 2013, The δ<sup>2</sup>H and δ<sup>18</sup>O of tap water from 349 sites in the United States and selected territories: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 703, iv, 113 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds703.","productDescription":"iv, 113 p.","numberOfPages":"117","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":543,"text":"Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277521,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds703.gif"},{"id":277515,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/703/download/ds703_appendixes.xlsx"},{"id":277514,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/703/pdf/ds703.pdf"},{"id":277518,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/703/"}],"country":"Guam;Puerto Rico;United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 144.616667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,71.833333 ], [ -64.566667,13.233333 ], [ 144.616667,13.233333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5232d470e4b0b7ac626cfa33","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landwehr, Jurate M. jmlandwe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landwehr","given":"Jurate","email":"jmlandwe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":483842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lorenz, Jennifer M. 0000-0002-5826-7264 jlorenz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5826-7264","contributorId":3558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lorenz","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlorenz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048114,"text":"70048114 - 2013 - Linking river management to species conservation using dynamic landscape scale models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-12T12:56:29","indexId":"70048114","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-12T12:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Linking river management to species conservation using dynamic landscape scale models","docAbstract":"Efforts to conserve stream and river biota could benefit from tools that allow managers to evaluate landscape-scale changes in species distributions in response to water management decisions. We present a framework and methods for integrating hydrology, geographic context and metapopulation processes to simulate effects of changes in streamflow on fish occupancy dynamics across a landscape of interconnected stream segments. We illustrate this approach using a 482 km<sup>2</sup> catchment in the southeastern US supporting 50 or more stream fish species. A spatially distributed, deterministic and physically based hydrologic model is used to simulate daily streamflow for sub-basins composing the catchment. We use geographic data to characterize stream segments with respect to channel size, confinement, position and connectedness within the stream network. Simulated streamflow dynamics are then applied to model fish metapopulation dynamics in stream segments, using hypothesized effects of streamflow magnitude and variability on population processes, conditioned by channel characteristics. The resulting time series simulate spatially explicit, annual changes in species occurrences or assemblage metrics (e.g. species richness) across the catchment as outcomes of management scenarios. Sensitivity analyses using alternative, plausible links between streamflow components and metapopulation processes, or allowing for alternative modes of fish dispersal, demonstrate large effects of ecological uncertainty on model outcomes and highlight needed research and monitoring. Nonetheless, with uncertainties explicitly acknowledged, dynamic, landscape-scale simulations may prove useful for quantitatively comparing river management alternatives with respect to species conservation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"River Research and Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.2575","usgsCitation":"Freeman, M., Buell, G.R., Hay, L.E., Hughes, W.B., Jacobson, R.B., Jones, J., Jones, S., LaFontaine, J.H., Odom, K.R., Peterson, J., Riley, J.W., Schindler, J.S., Shea, C., and Weaver, J., 2013, Linking river management to species conservation using dynamic landscape scale models: River Research and Applications, v. 29, no. 7, p. 906-918, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2575.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"906","endPage":"918","numberOfPages":"13","ipdsId":"IP-017718","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277469,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.2575"},{"id":277509,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Flint River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -87.0,29.0 ], [ -87.0,35.0 ], [ -83.0,35.0 ], [ -83.0,29.0 ], [ -87.0,29.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-04-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5232d470e4b0b7ac626cfa2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, Mary 0000-0001-7615-6923 mcfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7615-6923","contributorId":3528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Mary","email":"mcfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Buell, Gary R. grbuell@usgs.gov","contributorId":3107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buell","given":"Gary","email":"grbuell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hughes, W. Brian","contributorId":84353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jones, John 0000-0001-6117-3691 jwjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6117-3691","contributorId":2220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"John","email":"jwjones@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Jones, S.A.","contributorId":38596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"LaFontaine, Jacob H. 0000-0003-4923-2630 jlafonta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-2630","contributorId":2258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFontaine","given":"Jacob","email":"jlafonta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Odom, Kenneth R.","contributorId":72087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Odom","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Peterson, James T. 0000-0002-7709-8590 james_peterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7709-8590","contributorId":2111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"James","email":"james_peterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Riley, Jeffrey W. 0000-0001-5525-3134 jriley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5525-3134","contributorId":3605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jriley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483773,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Schindler, J. Stephen 0000-0001-9550-5957 sschindl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9550-5957","contributorId":3270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schindler","given":"J.","email":"sschindl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Stephen","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Shea, C.","contributorId":36834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shea","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Weaver, J.D.","contributorId":29466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}}
,{"id":70048141,"text":"70048141 - 2013 - Comparison of bird community indices for riparian restoration planning and monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-31T12:41:28","indexId":"70048141","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-12T11:28:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1456,"text":"Ecological Indicators","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of bird community indices for riparian restoration planning and monitoring","docAbstract":"The use of a bird community index that characterizes ecosystem integrity is very attractive to conservation planners and habitat managers, particularly in the absence of any single focal species. In riparian areas of the western USA, several attempts at arriving at a community index signifying a functioning riparian bird community have been made previously, mostly resorting to expert opinions or national conservation rankings for species weights. Because extensive local and regional bird monitoring data were available for Nevada, we were able to develop three different indices that were derived empirically, rather than from expert opinion. We formally examined the use of three species weighting schemes in comparison with simple species richness, using different definitions of riparian species assemblage size, for the purpose of predicting community response to changes in vegetation structure from riparian restoration. For the three indices, species were weighted according to the following criteria: (1) the degree of riparian habitat specialization based on regional data, (2) the relative conservation ranking of landbird species, and (3) the degree to which a species is under-represented compared to the regional species pool for riparian areas. To evaluate the usefulness of these indices for habitat restoration planning and monitoring, we modeled them using habitat variables that are expected to respond to riparian restoration efforts, using data from 64 sampling sites in the Walker River Basin in Nevada and California. We found that none of the species-weighting schemes performed any better as an index for evaluating overall habitat condition than using species richness alone as a community index. Based on our findings, the use of a fairly complete list of 30–35 riparian specialists appears to be the best indicator group for predicting the response of bird communities to the restoration of riparian vegetation.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Indicators","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.05.004","usgsCitation":"Young, J.S., Ammon, E.M., Weisburg, P.J., Dilts, T.E., Newton, W.E., Wong-Kone, D.C., and Heki, L.G., 2013, Comparison of bird community indices for riparian restoration planning and monitoring: Ecological Indicators, v. 34, p. 159-167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.05.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"159","endPage":"167","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-042483","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277504,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277502,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.05.004"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Walker River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.225693,38.779163 ], [ -119.225693,39.16178 ], [ -118.715032,39.16178 ], [ -118.715032,38.779163 ], [ -119.225693,38.779163 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"34","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5232d46fe4b0b7ac626cfa2b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Jock S.","contributorId":28154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"Jock","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ammon, Elisabeth M.","contributorId":106785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ammon","given":"Elisabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weisburg, Peter J.","contributorId":62912,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisburg","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dilts, Thomas E.","contributorId":36833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dilts","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483834,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newton, Wesley E. 0000-0002-1377-043X wnewton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-043X","contributorId":3661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"Wesley","email":"wnewton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wong-Kone, Diane C.","contributorId":79790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wong-Kone","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heki, Lisa G.","contributorId":75052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heki","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70048139,"text":"sir20125063 - 2013 - Chemical and biological consequences of using carbon dioxide versus acid additions in ocean acidification experiments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-12T09:52:47","indexId":"sir20125063","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-12T09:40:58","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-5063","title":"Chemical and biological consequences of using carbon dioxide versus acid additions in ocean acidification experiments","docAbstract":"Use of different approaches for manipulating seawater chemistry during ocean acidification experiments has confounded comparison of results from various experimental studies. Some of these discrepancies have been attributed to whether addition of acid (such as hydrochloric acid, HCl) or carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) gas has been used to adjust carbonate system parameters. Experimental simulations of carbonate system parameter scenarios for the years 1766, 2007, and 2100 were performed using the carbonate speciation program CO2SYS to demonstrate the variation in seawater chemistry that can result from use of these approaches. Results showed that carbonate system parameters were 3 percent and 8 percent lower than target values in closed-system acid additions, and 1 percent and 5 percent higher in closed-system CO<sub>2</sub> additions for the 2007 and 2100 simulations, respectively. Open-system simulations showed that carbonate system parameters can deviate by up to 52 percent to 70 percent from target values in both acid addition and CO<sub>2</sub> addition experiments. Results from simulations for the year 2100 were applied to empirically derived equations that relate biogenic calcification to carbonate system parameters for calcifying marine organisms including coccolithophores, corals, and foraminifera. Calculated calcification rates for coccolithophores, corals, and foraminifera differed from rates at target conditions by 0.5 percent to 2.5 percent in closed-system CO<sub>2</sub> gas additions, from 0.8 percent to 15 percent in the closed-system acid additions, from 4.8 percent to 94 percent in open-system acid additions, and from 7 percent to 142 percent in open-system CO<sub>2</sub> additions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20125063","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program and Coral Reef Ecosystem Study","usgsCitation":"Yates, K.K., DuFore, C.M., and Robbins, L.L., 2013, Chemical and biological consequences of using carbon dioxide versus acid additions in ocean acidification experiments: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2012-5063, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20125063.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277500,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20125063.gif"},{"id":277498,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5063/"},{"id":277499,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2012/5063/pdf/sir2012-5063.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5232d46fe4b0b7ac626cfa27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, Kimberly K. 0000-0001-8764-0358 kyates@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-0358","contributorId":420,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Kimberly","email":"kyates@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DuFore, Christopher M.","contributorId":56139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuFore","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, Lisa L. 0000-0003-3681-1094 lrobbins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3681-1094","contributorId":422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"Lisa","email":"lrobbins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048144,"text":"70048144 - 2013 - Does calving matter? Evidence for significant submarine melt","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:09:02","indexId":"70048144","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-12T09:36:18","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does calving matter? Evidence for significant submarine melt","docAbstract":"During the summer in the northeast Pacific Ocean, the Alaska Coastal Current sweeps water with temperatures in excess of 12 °C past the mouths of glacierized fjords and bays. The extent to which these warm waters affect the mass balance of Alaskan tidewater glaciers is uncertain. Here we report hydrographic measurements made within Icy Bay, Alaska, and calculate rates of submarine melt at Yahtse Glacier, a tidewater glacier terminating in Icy Bay. We find strongly stratified water properties consistent with estuarine circulation and evidence that warm Gulf of Alaska water reaches the head of 40 km-long Icy Bay, largely unaltered. A 10–20 m layer of cold, fresh, glacially-modified water overlies warm, saline water. The saline water is observed to reach up to 10.4 °C within 1.5 km of the terminus of Yahtse Glacier. By quantifying the heat and salt deficit within the glacially-modified water, we place bounds on the rate of submarine melt. The submarine melt rate is estimated at >9 m d<sup>−1</sup>, at least half the rate at which ice flows into the terminus region, and can plausibly account for all of the submarine terminus mass loss. Our measurements suggest that summer and fall subaerial calving is a direct response to thermal undercutting of the terminus, further demonstrating the critical role of the ocean in modulating tidewater glacier dynamics.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.014","usgsCitation":"Bartholomaus, T.C., Larsen, C., and O’Neel, S., 2013, Does calving matter? Evidence for significant submarine melt: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 380, p. 21-30, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.014.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"30","ipdsId":"IP-044262","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277536,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277510,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.08.014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Icy Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -141.6059,59.9093 ], [ -141.6059,60.0998 ], [ -141.2761,60.0998 ], [ -141.2761,59.9093 ], [ -141.6059,59.9093 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"380","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523433e4e4b0b9e9b3336d1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholomaus, Timothy C.","contributorId":50437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomaus","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larsen, Christopher F.","contributorId":107178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larsen","given":"Christopher F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neel, Shad 0000-0002-9185-0144 soneel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9185-0144","contributorId":166740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neel","given":"Shad","email":"soneel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":107,"text":"Alaska Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048136,"text":"ds787 - 2013 - Surface mineral maps of Afghanistan derived from HyMap imaging spectrometer data, version 2","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-11T17:13:14","indexId":"ds787","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-11T16:11:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"787","subseriesTitle":"USGS Afghanistan Project Product","title":"Surface mineral maps of Afghanistan derived from HyMap imaging spectrometer data, version 2","docAbstract":"This report presents a new version of surface mineral maps derived from HyMap imaging spectrometer data collected over Afghanistan in the fall of 2007. This report also describes the processing steps applied to the imaging spectrometer data. The 218 individual flight lines composing the Afghanistan dataset, covering more than 438,000 square kilometers, were georeferenced to a mosaic of orthorectified Landsat images. The HyMap data were converted from radiance to reflectance using a radiative transfer program in combination with ground-calibration sites and a network of cross-cutting calibration flight lines. The U.S. Geological Survey Material Identification and Characterization Algorithm (MICA) was used to generate two thematic maps of surface minerals: a map of iron-bearing minerals and other materials, which have their primary absorption features at the shorter wavelengths of the reflected solar wavelength range, and a map of carbonates, phyllosilicates, sulfates, altered minerals, and other materials, which have their primary absorption features at the longer wavelengths of the reflected solar wavelength range. In contrast to the original version, version 2 of these maps is provided at full resolution of 23-meter pixel size. The thematic maps, MICA summary images, and the material fit and depth images are distributed in digital files linked to this report, in a format readable by remote sensing software and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The digital files can be downloaded from http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/787/downloads/.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds787","usgsCitation":"Kokaly, R., King, T., and Hoefen, T.M., 2013, Surface mineral maps of Afghanistan derived from HyMap imaging spectrometer data, version 2: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 787, Report: iv, 29 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds787.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 29 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277495,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds787.gif"},{"id":277493,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/787/pdf/DS787.pdf"},{"id":277494,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/787/"}],"projection":"Tranverse Mercator","datum":"World Geodetic System, 1984","country":"Afghanistan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 60.5,29.39 ], [ 60.5,38.49 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 74.89,29.39 ], [ 60.5,29.39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"523182dce4b079b6e76e60d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kokaly, Raymond F. 0000-0003-0276-7101","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-7101","contributorId":81442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kokaly","given":"Raymond F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"King, Trude","contributorId":29831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Trude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoefen, Todd M. 0000-0002-3083-5987 thoefen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3083-5987","contributorId":403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefen","given":"Todd","email":"thoefen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048132,"text":"sir20135116 - 2013 - Sediment distribution and hydrologic conditions of the Potomac aquifer in Virginia and parts of Maryland and North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:46:55","indexId":"sir20135116","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-11T15:08:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5116","title":"Sediment distribution and hydrologic conditions of the Potomac aquifer in Virginia and parts of Maryland and North Carolina","docAbstract":"Sediments of the heavily used Potomac aquifer broadly contrast across major structural features of the Atlantic Coastal Plain Physiographic Province in eastern Virginia and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina. Thicknesses and relative dominance of the highly interbedded fluvial sediments vary regionally. Vertical intervals in boreholes of coarse-grained sediment commonly targeted for completion of water-supply wells are thickest and most widespread across the central and southern parts of the Virginia Coastal Plain. Designated as the Norfolk arch depositional subarea, the entire sediment thickness here functions hydraulically as a single interconnected aquifer. By contrast, coarse-grained sediment intervals are thinner and less widespread across the northern part of the Virginia Coastal Plain and into southern Maryland, designated as the Salisbury embayment depositional subarea. Fine-grained intervals that are generally avoided for completion of water-supply wells are increasingly thick and widespread northward. Fine-grained intervals collectively as thick as several hundred feet comprise two continuous confining units that hydraulically separate three vertically spaced subaquifers. The subaquifers are continuous northward but merge southward into the single undivided Potomac aquifer. Lastly, far southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina are designated as the Albemarle embayment depositional subarea, where both coarse- and fine-grained intervals are of only moderate thickness. The entire sediment thickness functions hydraulically as a single interconnected aquifer. A substantial hydrologic separation from overlying aquifers is imposed by the upper Cenomanian confining unit.\n\nPotomac aquifer sediments were deposited by a fluvial depositional complex spanning the Virginia Coastal Plain approximately 100 to 145 million years ago. Westward, persistently uplifted granite and gneiss source rocks sustained a supply of coarse-grained sand and gravel. Immature, high-gradient braided streams deposited longitudinal bars and channel fills across the Norfolk arch subarea. By contrast, across the Salisbury and Albemarle embayment subareas, mature, medium- to low-gradient meandering streams deposited medium- to coarse-grained channel fills and point bars segregated from fine-grained overbank deposits. The Virginia depositional complex merged northward across the Salisbury embayment subarea with another complex in Maryland. Here, additional sediments were received from schist source rocks that underwent three cycles of initial uplift and rapid erosion followed by crustal stability and erosional leveling.\n\nBecause of the predominance of coarse-grained sediments, transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and regional velocities of lateral flow through the Potomac aquifer are greatest across the Norfolk arch depositional subarea, but decrease progressively northward with increasingly fine-grained sediments. Confining units hydraulically separate the Potomac aquifer from overlying aquifers, as indicated by large vertical hydraulic gradients. By contrast, most of the Potomac aquifer internally functions hydraulically as a single interconnected aquifer, as indicated by uniformly small vertical gradients. Most fine-grained sediments within the aquifer do not hydraulically separate overlying and underlying coarse-grained sediments. Across the Salisbury embayment depositional subarea, however, hydraulic separation among the vertically spaced subaquifers is imposed by the intervening confining units.\n\nThe Potomac aquifer is the largest and most heavily used source of groundwater in the Virginia Coastal Plain. Water-level declines as great as 200 feet create the potential for saltwater intrusion. Conventional stratigraphic correlation has been generally ineffective at accurately characterizing complexly distributed fluvial sediments that compose the Potomac aquifer. Consequently, the aquifer’s internal hydraulic connectivity and overall hydrologic function have not been well understood. Water-supply planning and development efforts have been hampered, and interpretations of regulatory criteria for allowable water-level declines have been ambiguous.\n\nAn investigation undertaken during 2010–11 by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, provides a comprehensive regional description of the spatial distribution of Potomac aquifer sediments and their relation to hydrologic conditions. Altitudes and thicknesses of 2,725 vertical sediment intervals represent the spatial distribution of Potomac aquifer sediments in the Virginia Coastal Plain and adjacent parts of Maryland and North Carolina. Sediment intervals are designated as either dominantly coarse or fine grained and were determined by interpretation of geophysical logs and ancillary information from 456 boreholes. Sediment-interval and borehole summary statistical data indicate regional trends in sediment lithology and stratigraphic continuity, upon which three structurally based and hydrologically distinct sediment depositional subareas are designated. Broad patterns of sediment deposition over time are inferred from published sediment pollen-age data. Discrepancies in previously drawn hydrostratigraphic relations between southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina are partly resolved based on borehole geophysical logs and a recently documented geologic map and corehole. A conceptual model theorizes the depositional history of the sediments and geologically accounts for their distribution. Documented pumping tests of the Potomac aquifer at 197 locations produced 336 values of transmissivity and 127 values of storativity. Based on effective aquifer thicknesses, 296 values of sediment hydraulic conductivity and 113 values of sediment specific storage are calculated. Vertical hydraulic gradients are calculated from 9,479 pairs of water levels measured between November 17, 1953, and October 4, 2011, in 129 closely spaced pairs of wells.\n\nBorehole sediment-interval and related data provide a means to achieve high yielding production wells in the Potomac aquifer by site-specific targeting of drilling operations toward water-bearing coarse-grained sand and gravel. Advance knowledge of the potential of different parts of the aquifer also aids in planning optimal groundwater-development areas. Depositional subareas further provide a possible context for resource management. Current (2013) regulatory limits on water-level declines are relative to top surfaces of subdivided upper, middle, and lower Potomac aquifers across the entire Virginia Coastal Plain, but have the potential to exceed the same limit relative to a single undivided Potomac aquifer. By contrast, designation of the sediments as a single aquifer in the Norfolk arch and Albemarle embayment subareas—and as a series of vertically spaced subaquifers and intervening confining units in the Salisbury embayment subarea—best reflects understanding of the Potomac aquifer and can avoid the potential for excessive water-level declines. Simulation modeling to evaluate effects of groundwater withdrawals could be designed similarly, including vertical discretization and (or) zonation of the Potomac aquifer based on depositional subareas and a geostatistical distribution of aquifer properties derived from borehole sediment-interval data. Further resource-management information needs extend beyond the developed part of the Potomac aquifer, particularly across the Northern Neck and Middle Peninsula where only the shallowest part of the aquifer is known, and include structural aspects such as faults, basement bedrock, and the Chesapeake Bay impact crater.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135116","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"McFarland, R.E., 2013, Sediment distribution and hydrologic conditions of the Potomac aquifer in Virginia and parts of Maryland and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5116, Report: vi, 67 p.; 3 Attachments; 2 Plates: 24 x 36 inches and 36 x 40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135116.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 67 p.; 3 Attachments; 2 Plates: 24 x 36 inches and 36 x 40 inches","numberOfPages":"77","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277490,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5116/tables/sir2013-5116_attachment2.xlsx"},{"id":277485,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5116/"},{"id":277484,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5116/pdf/sir2013-5116.pdf"},{"id":277486,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5116/tables/sir2013-5116_attachment3.xlsx"},{"id":277487,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5116/plates/sir2013-5116_plate1.pdf"},{"id":277488,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5116/plates/sir2013-5116_plate2.pdf"},{"id":277491,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5116/tables/sir2013-5116_attachment1.xls"},{"id":277492,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135116.jpg"}],"scale":"500000","country":"United States","state":"Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.6964,35.9713 ], [ -77.6964,38.7026 ], [ -75.26,38.7026 ], [ -75.26,35.9713 ], [ -77.6964,35.9713 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f251e4b0bc0bec0a02f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McFarland, Randolph E.","contributorId":93879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFarland","given":"Randolph","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70045871,"text":"70045871 - 2013 - The influence of stream thermal regimes and preferential flow paths on hyporheic exchange in a glacial meltwater stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T17:40:46","indexId":"70045871","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-11T10:55:56","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of stream thermal regimes and preferential flow paths on hyporheic exchange in a glacial meltwater stream","docAbstract":"Given projected increases in stream temperatures attributable to global change, improved understanding of relationships between stream temperatures and hyporheic exchange would be useful. We conducted two conservative tracer injection experiments in a glacial meltwater stream, to evaluate the effects of hyporheic thermal gradients on exchange processes, including preferential flow paths (PFPs). The experiments were conducted on the same day, the first (a stream injection) during a cool, morning period and the second (dual stream and hyporheic injections) during a warm, afternoon period. In the morning, the hyporheic zone was thermally uniform at 4°C, whereas by the afternoon the upper 10 cm had warmed to 6–12°C and exhibited greater temperature heterogeneity. Solute transport modeling showed that hyporheic cross-sectional areas (A<sub>s</sub>) at two downstream sites were two and seven times lower during the warm experiment. Exchange metrics indicated that the hyporheic zone had less influence on downstream solute transport during the warm, afternoon experiment. Calculated hyporheic depths were less than 5 cm, contrasting with tracer detection at 10 and 25 cm depths. The hyporheic tracer arrival at one downstream site was rapid, comparable to the in-stream tracer arrival, providing evidence for PFPs. We thus propose a conceptual view of the hyporheic zone in this reach as being dominated by discrete PFPs weaving through hydraulically isolated areas. One explanation for the simultaneous increase in temperature heterogeneity and A<sub>s</sub> decrease in a warmer hyporheic zone may be a flow path preferentiality feedback mechanism resulting from a combination of temperature-related viscosity decreases and streambed heterogeneity.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1002/wrcr.20410","usgsCitation":"Cozzetto, K.D., Bencala, K.E., Gooseff, M.N., and McKnight, D.M., 2013, The influence of stream thermal regimes and preferential flow paths on hyporheic exchange in a glacial meltwater stream: Water Resources Research, v. 49, no. 9, p. 5552-5569, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20410.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"5552","endPage":"5569","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-045473","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280980,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280977,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20410"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica;Mcmurdo Dry Valleys;Transantarctic Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 162.849,-77.6898 ], [ 162.849,-77.5593 ], [ 163.493,-77.5593 ], [ 163.493,-77.6898 ], [ 162.849,-77.6898 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"49","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7819e4b0b2908510bee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzetto, Karen D.","contributorId":44461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzetto","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bencala, Kenneth E. kbencala@usgs.gov","contributorId":1541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bencala","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbencala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":478464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gooseff, Michael N.","contributorId":71880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gooseff","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":478467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McKnight, Diane M.","contributorId":59773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKnight","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":16833,"text":"INSTAAR, University of Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":478465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048113,"text":"ofr20131163 - 2013 - Submergence Vulnerability Index development and application to Coastwide Reference Monitoring System Sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-10T19:40:45","indexId":"ofr20131163","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T19:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1163","title":"Submergence Vulnerability Index development and application to Coastwide Reference Monitoring System Sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects","docAbstract":"Since its implementation in 2003, the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) in Louisiana has facilitated the creation of a comprehensive dataset that includes, but is not limited to, vegetation, hydrologic, and soil metrics on a coastwide scale. The primary impetus for this data collection is to assess land management activities, including restoration efforts, across the coast. The aim of the CRMS analytical team is to provide a method to synthesize this data to enable multiscaled evaluations of activities in Louisiana’s coastal wetlands. Several indices have been developed to facilitate data synthesis and interpretation, including a Floristic Quality Index, a Hydrologic Index, and a Landscape Index. This document details the development of the Submergence Vulnerability Index, which incorporates sediment-elevation data as well as hydrologic data to determine the vulnerability of a wetland based on its ability to keep pace with sea-level rise. The objective of this document is to provide Federal and State sponsors, project managers, planners, landowners, data users, and the rest of the coastal restoration community with the following: (1) data collection and model development methods for the sediment-elevation response variables, and (2) a description of how these response variables will be used to evaluate CWPPRA project and program effectiveness.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131163","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act","usgsCitation":"Stagg, C.L., Sharp, L., McGinnis, T., and Snedden, G., 2013, Submergence Vulnerability Index development and application to Coastwide Reference Monitoring System Sites and Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act projects: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1163, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131163.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277468,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131163.gif"},{"id":277466,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1163/"},{"id":277467,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1163/pdf/OF13-1163.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.04,28.93 ], [ -94.04,30.99 ], [ -88.82,30.99 ], [ -88.82,28.93 ], [ -94.04,28.93 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5230315fe4b04b8e63a2060c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stagg, Camille L. 0000-0002-1125-7253 staggc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1125-7253","contributorId":4111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stagg","given":"Camille","email":"staggc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, Leigh A.","contributorId":43879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Leigh A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGinnis, Thomas E.","contributorId":92959,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGinnis","given":"Thomas E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Snedden, Gregg A. 0000-0001-7821-3709","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7821-3709","contributorId":17338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snedden","given":"Gregg A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123993,"text":"70123993 - 2013 - Shear-wave velocity-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T15:39:19","indexId":"70123993","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T15:33:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2327,"text":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear-wave velocity-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential","docAbstract":"Shear-wave velocity (V<sub>s</sub>) offers a means to determine the seismic resistance of soil to liquefaction by a fundamental soil property. This paper presents the results of an 11-year international project to gather new V<sub>s</sub> site data and develop probabilistic correlations for seismic soil liquefaction occurrence. Toward that objective, shear-wave velocity test sites were identified, and measurements made for 301 new liquefaction field case histories in China, Japan, Taiwan, Greece, and the United States over a decade. The majority of these new case histories reoccupy those previously investigated by penetration testing. These new data are combined with previously published case histories to build a global catalog of 422 case histories of V<sub>s</sub> liquefaction performance. Bayesian regression and structural reliability methods facilitate a probabilistic treatment of the V<sub>s</sub> catalog for performance-based engineering applications. Where possible, uncertainties of the variables comprising both the seismic demand and the soil capacity were estimated and included in the analysis, resulting in greatly reduced overall model uncertainty relative to previous studies. The presented data set and probabilistic analysis also help resolve the ancillary issues of adjustment for soil fines content and magnitude scaling factors.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000743","usgsCitation":"Kayen, R., Moss, R., Thompson, E., Seed, R., Cetin, K., Der Kiureghian, A., Tanaka, Y., and Tokimatsu, K., 2013, Shear-wave velocity-based probabilistic and deterministic assessment of seismic soil liquefaction potential: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, v. 139, no. 3, p. 407-419, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000743.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"407","endPage":"419","ipdsId":"IP-018082","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473544,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/40770","text":"External Repository"},{"id":293622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293621,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000743"}],"country":"China;Greece;Japan;Taiwan;United States","volume":"139","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c4e4b0fe7e184a556b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kayen, R.","contributorId":22921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moss, R.E.S.","contributorId":71362,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moss","given":"R.E.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, E.M.","contributorId":104688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seed, R.B.","contributorId":34691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seed","given":"R.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cetin, K.O.","contributorId":69339,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cetin","given":"K.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Der Kiureghian, A.","contributorId":14615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Der Kiureghian","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Tanaka, Y.","contributorId":14214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanaka","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Tokimatsu, K.","contributorId":85756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tokimatsu","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70048107,"text":"ofr20131174 - 2013 - Environmental consequences of the Retsof Salt Mine roof collapse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-10T15:41:44","indexId":"ofr20131174","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T15:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1174","title":"Environmental consequences of the Retsof Salt Mine roof collapse","docAbstract":"In 1994, the largest salt mine in North America, which had been in operation for more than 100 years, catastrophically flooded when the mine ceiling collapsed. In addition to causing the loss of the mine and the mineral resources it provided, this event formed sinkholes, caused widespread subsidence to land, caused structures to crack and subside, and changed stream flow and erosion patterns. Subsequent flooding of the mine drained overlying aquifers, changed the groundwater salinity distribution (rendering domestic wells unusable), and allowed locally present natural gas to enter dwellings through water wells. Investigations including exploratory drilling, hydrologic and water-quality monitoring, geologic and geophysical studies, and numerical simulation of groundwater flow, salinity, and subsidence have been effective tools in understanding the environmental consequences of the mine collapse and informing decisions about management of those consequences for the future. Salt mines are generally dry, but are susceptible to leaks and can become flooded if groundwater from overlying aquifers or surface water finds a way downward into the mined cavity through hundreds of feet of rock. With its potential to flood the entire mine cavity, groundwater is a constant source of concern for mine operators. The problem is compounded by the viscous nature of salt and the fact that salt mines commonly lie beneath water-bearing aquifers. Salt (for example halite or potash) deforms and “creeps” into the mined openings over time spans that range from years to centuries. This movement of salt can destabilize the overlying rock layers and lead to their eventual sagging and collapse, creating permeable pathways for leakage of water and depressions or openings at land surface, such as sinkholes. Salt is also highly soluble in water; therefore, whenever water begins to flow into a salt mine, the channels through which it flows increase in diameter as the surrounding salt dissolves. Some mines leak at a slow rate for decades before a section of rock gives way, allowing what initially was a trickle of water to suddenly become a cascade and finally a torrent. Other mines become flooded and are destroyed when an errant drill hole punctures the mine ceiling, allowing water from overlying sources to flow into the mine. Either scenario can cause catastrophic flooding and permanent loss of the mine. Occasionally, a mine that has remained dry for a century will undergo a roof collapse that results in flooding.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131174","usgsCitation":"Yager, R.M., 2013, Environmental consequences of the Retsof Salt Mine roof collapse: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1174, Report: iv, 10 p.; Block Diagram, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131174.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 10 p.; Block Diagram","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277461,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131174.gif"},{"id":277458,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1174/"},{"id":277460,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1174/pdf/ofr2013-1174_fig2.pdf"},{"id":277459,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1174/pdf/ofr2013-1174.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.953148,42.626128 ], [ -77.953148,42.90137 ], [ -77.633171,42.90137 ], [ -77.633171,42.626128 ], [ -77.953148,42.626128 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5230315ce4b04b8e63a20600","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yager, Richard M. 0000-0001-7725-1148 ryager@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7725-1148","contributorId":950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yager","given":"Richard","email":"ryager@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70124023,"text":"70124023 - 2013 - Is there room for all of us? Renewable energy and <i>Xerospermophilus mohavensis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-18T22:00:26","indexId":"70124023","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T14:31:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1497,"text":"Endangered Species Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is there room for all of us? Renewable energy and <i>Xerospermophilus mohavensis</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mohave ground squirrels </span><i>Xerospermophilus mohavensis</i><span> Merriam are small ground-dwelling rodents that have a highly restricted range in the northwest Mojave Desert, California, USA. Their small natural range is further reduced by habitat loss from agriculture, urban development, military training and recreational activities. Development of wind and solar resources for renewable energy has the potential to further reduce existing habitat. We used maximum entropy habitat models with observation data to describe current potential habitat in the context of future renewable energy development in the region. While 16% of historic habitat has been impacted by, or lost to, urbanization at present, an additional 10% may be affected by renewable energy development in the near future. Our models show that </span><i>X. mohavensis</i><span> habitat suitability is higher in areas slated for renewable energy development than in surrounding areas. We provide habitat maps that can be used to develop sampling designs, evaluate conservation corridors and inform development planning in the region.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","doi":"10.3354/esr00487","usgsCitation":"Inman, R., Esque, T., Nussear, K.E., Leitner, P., Matocq, M.D., Weisberg, P.J., Dilts, T.E., and Vandergast, A.G., 2013, Is there room for all of us? Renewable energy and <i>Xerospermophilus mohavensis</i>: Endangered Species Research, v. 20, no. 1, p. 1-18, https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00487.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"18","ipdsId":"IP-040938","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3354/esr00487","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9789,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,37.5219 ], [ -114.7254,34.1607 ], [ -117.9789,34.1607 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c2e4b0fe7e184a555f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Inman, Richard D.","contributorId":91201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Inman","given":"Richard D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":500559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nussear, Kenneth E. knussear@usgs.gov","contributorId":2695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nussear","given":"Kenneth","email":"knussear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leitner, Philip","contributorId":31319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leitner","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Matocq, Marjorie D.","contributorId":25482,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matocq","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weisberg, Peter J.","contributorId":33631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weisberg","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dilts, Tomas E.","contributorId":17160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dilts","given":"Tomas","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Vandergast, Amy G. 0000-0002-7835-6571","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7835-6571","contributorId":97617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vandergast","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70048096,"text":"ofr20131068 - 2013 - Monitoring plan for mercury in fish tissue and water from the Boise River, Snake River, and Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho and Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-05T09:50:00","indexId":"ofr20131068","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T11:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1068","title":"Monitoring plan for mercury in fish tissue and water from the Boise River, Snake River, and Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho and Oregon","docAbstract":"The methylmercury criterion adopted as a water-quality standard in the State of Idaho is a concentration in fish tissue rather than a concentration in water. A plan for monitoring mercury in fish tissue and water was developed to evaluate whether fish in the Boise River, Idaho, upstream and downstream of wastewater-treatment plant discharges, meet the methylmercury water-quality criterion. Monitoring also will be conducted at sites on the Snake River, upstream and downstream of the confluence with the Boise River, and in Brownlee Reservoir, which lies along the border between Idaho and Oregon. Descriptions of standard procedures for collecting and processing samples and quality assurance steps are included. This monitoring plan is intended to provide a framework for cooperative methylmercury sampling in the lower Boise River basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Boise","usgsCitation":"Mebane, C.A., and MacCoy, D.E., 2013, Monitoring plan for mercury in fish tissue and water from the Boise River,\nSnake River, and Brownlee Reservoir, Idaho and Oregon (ver. 1.1, December 2016): U.S. Geological Survey Open-\nFile Report 2013–1068, 26 p., https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 26 p.; Appendix B","numberOfPages":"34","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":331437,"rank":4,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/versionHist.txt","size":"510 bytes","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2016-1068 Version History"},{"id":277451,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/ofr2013-1068_appendixB.kml","text":"Appendix B","size":"9 KB klm","description":"OFR 2016-1068 Appendix B"},{"id":277450,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/","description":"OFR 2016-1068 Index Page"},{"id":277452,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/pdf/ofr2013-1068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"226 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2016-1068"},{"id":331438,"rank":5,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1068/coverthb2.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Boise River;Brownlee Reservoir;Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.6626,43.1152 ], [ -117.6626,44.5319 ], [ -115.6605,44.5319 ], [ -115.6605,43.1152 ], [ -117.6626,43.1152 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally poster September 10, 2013; Version 1.1: December 1 2016","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_id@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_id@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, Idaho Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 230 Collins Road<br> Boise, Idaho 83702<br> <a href=\"http://id.water.usgs.gov\" target=\"blank\" data-mce-href=\"http://id.water.usgs.gov\">http://id.water.usgs.gov</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract<br></li><li>Background and Objectives<br></li><li>Project Description<br></li><li>Field Sampling and Sample Processing<br></li><li>Laboratory Methods<br></li><li>Quality Assurance and Quality Control&nbsp;<br></li><li>Reporting<br></li><li>References Cited<br></li><li>Appendix A–D<br></li></ul>","publishedDate":"2013-09-10","revisedDate":"2016-12-01","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5230315fe4b04b8e63a20608","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mebane, Christopher A. 0000-0002-9089-0267 cmebane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9089-0267","contributorId":110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mebane","given":"Christopher","email":"cmebane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"MacCoy, Dorene E. 0000-0001-6810-4728 demaccoy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6810-4728","contributorId":948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacCoy","given":"Dorene","email":"demaccoy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123871,"text":"70123871 - 2013 - A network extension of species occupancy models in a patchy environment applied to the Yosemite toad (<i>Anaxyrus canorus</i>)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T11:36:43","indexId":"70123871","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T11:34:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A network extension of species occupancy models in a patchy environment applied to the Yosemite toad (<i>Anaxyrus canorus</i>)","docAbstract":"A central challenge of conservation biology is using limited data to predict rare species occurrence and identify conservation areas that play a disproportionate role in regional persistence. Where species occupy discrete patches in a landscape, such predictions require data about environmental quality of individual patches and the connectivity among high quality patches. We present a novel extension to species occupancy modeling that blends traditionalpredictions of individual patch environmental quality with network analysis to estimate connectivity characteristics using limited survey data. We demonstrate this approach using environmental and geospatial attributes to predict observed occupancy patterns of the Yosemite toad (<i>Anaxyrus (= Bufo) canorus</i>) across >2,500 meadows in Yosemite National Park (USA). <i>A. canorus</i>, a Federal Proposed Species, breeds in shallow water associated with meadows. Our generalized linear model (GLM) accurately predicted ~84% of true presence-absence data on a subset of data withheld for testing. The predicted environmental quality of each meadow was iteratively ‘boosted’ by the quality of neighbors within dispersal distance. We used this park-wide meadow connectivity network to estimate the relative influence of an individual Meadow’s ‘environmental quality’ versus its ‘network quality’ to predict: a) clusters of high quality breeding meadows potentially linked by dispersal, b) breeding meadows with high environmental quality that are isolated from other such meadows, c) breeding meadows with lower environmental quality where long-term persistence may critically depend on the network neighborhood, and d) breeding meadows with the biggest impact on park-wide breeding patterns. Combined with targeted data on dispersal, genetics, disease, and other potential stressors, these results can guide designation of core conservation areas for <i>A. canorus</i> in Yosemite National Park.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"PlosOne","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0072200","usgsCitation":"Berlow, E.L., Knapp, R.A., Ostoja, S.M., Williams, R.J., McKenny, H., Matchett, J.R., Guo, Q., Fellers, G.M., Kleeman, P., Brooks, M.L., and Joppa, L., 2013, A network extension of species occupancy models in a patchy environment applied to the Yosemite toad (<i>Anaxyrus canorus</i>): PLoS ONE, v. 8, no. 8, e72200, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072200.","productDescription":"e72200","ipdsId":"IP-042749","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473546,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072200","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293605,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072200"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.886496,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,37.494762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-12","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165bfe4b0fe7e184a5550","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berlow, Eric L.","contributorId":91416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berlow","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Knapp, Roland A.","contributorId":69901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Roland","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ostoja, Steven M. sostoja@usgs.gov","contributorId":3039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostoja","given":"Steven","email":"sostoja@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":33665,"text":"USDA California Climate Hub, UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":500430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, Richard J.","contributorId":34443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McKenny, Heather","contributorId":103193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKenny","given":"Heather","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Matchett, John R. 0000-0002-2905-6468 jmatchett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2905-6468","contributorId":1669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matchett","given":"John","email":"jmatchett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Guo, Qinghau","contributorId":35248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guo","given":"Qinghau","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Fellers, Gary M. 0000-0003-4092-0285 gary_fellers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4092-0285","contributorId":3150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fellers","given":"Gary","email":"gary_fellers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kleeman, Patrick","contributorId":101608,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kleeman","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Joppa, Lucas","contributorId":66606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joppa","given":"Lucas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70048093,"text":"fs20133059 - 2013 - Titanium: light, strong, and white","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-26T09:36:08","indexId":"fs20133059","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T10:43:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3059","title":"Titanium: light, strong, and white","docAbstract":"Titanium (Ti) is a strong silver-gray metal that is highly resistant to corrosion and is chemically inert. It is as strong as steel but 45 percent lighter, and it is twice as strong as aluminum but only 60 percent heavier. Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) has a very high refractive index, which means that it has high light-scattering ability. As a result, TiO<sub>2</sub> imparts whiteness, opacity, and brightness to many products. ...Because of the unique physical properties of titanium metal and the whiteness provided by TiO<sub>2</sub>, titanium is now used widely in modern industrial societies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133059","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L., and Bedinger, G., 2013, Titanium: light, strong, and white: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3059, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133059.","productDescription":"2 p.","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277447,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133059.gif"},{"id":277446,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3059/pdf/fs2013-3059.pdf"},{"id":277445,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3059/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52303160e4b04b8e63a20610","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel","contributorId":41730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bedinger, George","contributorId":53688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bedinger","given":"George","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123859,"text":"70123859 - 2013 - Constraints on the upper crustal magma reservoir beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from lake-seiche induced strain observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T10:46:42","indexId":"70123859","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraints on the upper crustal magma reservoir beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from lake-seiche induced strain observations","docAbstract":"Seiche waves in Yellowstone Lake with a ~78-minute period and heights <10 cm act as a load on the solid earth observed by borehole strainmeters with subnanostrain sensitivity throughout the Yellowstone Caldera. The far-field strain induced by the load of the seiche waves calculated with a homogeneous elastic model representing the upper crust is more than an order of magnitude smaller than the measured strain amplitude ~30 km from the lake shore. By contrast, the observed far field strain amplitudes are consistent with the seiche load on a two-layered viscoelastic model representing an elastic upper crust overlying a partially molten body deeper than 3–6 km with Maxwell viscosity less than 10<sup>11</sup> Pa s. These strain observations and models provide independent evidence for the presence of partially molten material in the upper crust, consistent with seismic tomography studies that inferred 10%–30% melt fraction in the upper crust.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/grl.50155","usgsCitation":"Luttrell, K., Mencin, D., Francis, O., and Hurwitz, S., 2013, Constraints on the upper crustal magma reservoir beneath Yellowstone Caldera inferred from lake-seiche induced strain observations: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 40, no. 3, p. 501-506, https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50155.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"506","ipdsId":"IP-041947","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473547,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50155","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":293595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293594,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50155"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.581185,44.276652 ], [ -110.581185,44.563972 ], [ -110.198026,44.563972 ], [ -110.198026,44.276652 ], [ -110.581185,44.276652 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c0e4b0fe7e184a5555","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luttrell, Karen","contributorId":92971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luttrell","given":"Karen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mencin, David","contributorId":70376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mencin","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Francis, Oliver","contributorId":71106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hurwitz, Shaul 0000-0001-5142-6886 shaulh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5142-6886","contributorId":2169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hurwitz","given":"Shaul","email":"shaulh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123881,"text":"70123881 - 2013 - Soil Seed Bank Responses to Postfire Herbicide and Native Seeding Treatments Designed to Control Bromus tectorum in a Pinyon–Juniper Woodland at Zion National Park, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T10:33:54","indexId":"70123881","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2100,"text":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Soil Seed Bank Responses to Postfire Herbicide and Native Seeding Treatments Designed to Control Bromus tectorum in a Pinyon–Juniper Woodland at Zion National Park, USA","docAbstract":"The continued threat of an invasive, annual brome (<i>Bromus</i>) species in the western United States has created the need for integrated approaches to postfire restoration. Additionally, the high germination rate, high seed production, and seed bank carryover of annual bromes points to the need to assay soil seed banks as part of monitoring programs. We sampled the soil seed bank to help assess the effectiveness of treatments utilizing the herbicide Plateau® (imazapic) and a perennial native seed mix to control annual <i>Bromus</i> species and enhance perennial native plant establishment following a wildfire in Zion National Park, Utah. This study is one of few that have monitored the effects of imazapic and native seeding on a soil seed bank community and the only one that we know of that has done so in a pinyon–juniper woodland. The study made use of untreated, replicated controls, which is not common for seed bank studies. One year posttreatment, <i>Bromus</i> was significantly reduced in plots sprayed with herbicide. By the second year posttreatment, the effects of imazapic were less evident and convergence with the controls was evident. Emergence of seeded species was low for the duration of the study. Dry conditions and possible interactions with imazapic probably contributed to the lack of emergence of seeded native species. The perennial grass sand dropseed outperformed the other species included in the seed mix. We also examined how the treatments affected the soil seed bank community as a whole. We found evidence that the herbicide was reducing several native annual forbs and one nonnative annual forb. However, overall effects on the community were not significant. The results of our study were similar to what others have found in that imazapic is effective in providing a short-term reduction in Bromus density, although it can impact emergence of nontarget species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Weed Science Society of America","doi":"10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00048.1","usgsCitation":"Brooks, M.L., Hondo Brisbin, G.S., Andrea Thode, P., and Karen Weber, G.S., 2013, Soil Seed Bank Responses to Postfire Herbicide and Native Seeding Treatments Designed to Control Bromus tectorum in a Pinyon–Juniper Woodland at Zion National Park, USA: Invasive Plant Science and Management, v. 6, no. 1, p. 118-129, https://doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00048.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"129","ipdsId":"IP-038938","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293589,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293570,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1614/IPSM-D-12-00048.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Zion National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.228285,37.14135 ], [ -113.228285,37.504284 ], [ -112.863147,37.504284 ], [ -112.863147,37.14135 ], [ -113.228285,37.14135 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c5e4b0fe7e184a556f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondo Brisbin, graduate student","contributorId":93832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hondo Brisbin","given":"graduate","email":"","middleInitial":"student","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Andrea Thode, Professor","contributorId":48110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrea Thode","given":"Professor","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karen Weber, graduate student","contributorId":23857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karen Weber","given":"graduate","email":"","middleInitial":"student","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048056,"text":"70048056 - 2013 - A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-10T10:27:11","indexId":"70048056","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T10:18:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands","docAbstract":"Space-geodetic measurements of surface deformation produced by the most recent eruptions at Fernandina – the most frequently erupting volcano in the Galápagos Archipelago – reveal that all have initiated with the intrusion of subhorizontal sills from a shallow magma reservoir. This includes eruptions from fissures that are oriented both radially and circumferentially with respect to the summit caldera. A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image acquired 1–2 h before the start of a radial fissure eruption in 2009 captures one of these sills in the midst of its propagation toward the surface. Galápagos eruptive fissures of all orientations have previously been presumed to be fed by vertical dikes, and this assumption has guided models of the origin of the eruptive fissure geometry and overall development of the volcanoes. Our findings allow us to reinterpret the internal structure and evolution of Galápagos volcanoes and of similar basaltic shields. Furthermore, we note that stress changes generated by the emplacement of subhorizontal sills feeding one type of eruption may control the geometry of subsequent eruptive fissures. Specifically, circumferential fissures tend to open within areas uplifted by sill intrusions that initiated previous radial fissure eruptions. This mechanism provides a possible explanation for the pattern of eruptive fissures that characterizes all the western Galápagos volcanoes, as well as the alternation between radial and circumferential fissure eruptions at Fernandina. The same model suggests that the next eruption of Fernandina will be from a circumferential fissure in the area uplifted by the 2009 sill intrusion, just southwest of the caldera rim.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.016","usgsCitation":"Bagnardi, M., Amelung, F., and Poland, M., 2013, A new model for the growth of basaltic shields based on deformation of Fernandina volcano, Galápagos Islands: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 377-378, p. 358-366, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.016.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"358","endPage":"366","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-048920","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277444,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277413,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.07.016"}],"country":"Ecuador","state":"Galápagos Islands","otherGeospatial":"Fernandina Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.666077,-0.514632 ], [ -91.666077,-0.256913 ], [ -91.36665,-0.256913 ], [ -91.36665,-0.514632 ], [ -91.666077,-0.514632 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"377-378","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5230314fe4b04b8e63a205fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bagnardi, Marco","contributorId":62106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bagnardi","given":"Marco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483679,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Amelung, Falk","contributorId":83569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amelung","given":"Falk","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael P.","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048090,"text":"70048090 - 2013 - Factors influencing detection of eDNA from a stream-dwelling amphibian","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-16T09:45:21","indexId":"70048090","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T10:04:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2776,"text":"Molecular Ecology Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors influencing detection of eDNA from a stream-dwelling amphibian","docAbstract":"Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods for detecting and estimating abundance of aquatic species are emerging rapidly, but little is known about how processes such as secretion rate, environmental degradation, and time since colonization or extirpation from a given site affect eDNA measurements. Using stream-dwelling salamanders and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis, we conducted three experiments to assess eDNA: (i) production rate; (ii) persistence time under different temperature and light conditions; and (iii) detectability and concentration through time following experimental introduction and removal of salamanders into previously unoccupied streams. We found that 44–50 g individuals held in aquaria produced 77 ng eDNA/h for 2 h, after which production either slowed considerably or began to equilibrate with degradation. eDNA in both full-sun and shaded treatments degraded exponentially to <1% of the original concentration after 3 days. eDNA was no longer detectable in full-sun samples after 8 days, whereas eDNA was detected in 20% of shaded samples after 11 days and 100% of refrigerated control samples after 18 days. When translocated into unoccupied streams, salamanders were detectable after 6 h, but only when densities were relatively high (0.2481 individuals/m<sup>2</sup>) and when samples were collected within 5 m of the animals. Concentrations of eDNA detected were very low and increased steadily from 6–24 h after introduction, reaching 0.0022 ng/L. Within 1 h of removing salamanders from the stream, eDNA was no longer detectable. These results suggest that eDNA detectability and concentration depend on production rates of individuals, environmental conditions, density of animals, and their residence time.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1755-0998.12159","usgsCitation":"Pilliod, D., Goldberg, C.S., Arkle, R., and Waits, L.P., 2013, Factors influencing detection of eDNA from a stream-dwelling amphibian: Molecular Ecology Resources, v. 14, no. 1, p. 109-116, https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12159.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"109","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"8","ipdsId":"IP-049211","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277443,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277438,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12159"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5230315ee4b04b8e63a20604","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilliod, David S.","contributorId":101760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilliod","given":"David S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, Caren S.","contributorId":76879,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Caren","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":5132,"text":"Washington State University, Pullman","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":483728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arkle, Robert S.","contributorId":55679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arkle","given":"Robert S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waits, Lisette P.","contributorId":87673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waits","given":"Lisette","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70123898,"text":"70123898 - 2013 - Landscape-scale effects of fire severity on mixed-conifer and red fir forest structure in Yosemite National Park","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-10T09:51:19","indexId":"70123898","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-10T09:45:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Landscape-scale effects of fire severity on mixed-conifer and red fir forest structure in Yosemite National Park","docAbstract":"<p>While fire shapes the structure of forests and acts as a keystone process, the details of how fire modifies forest structure have been difficult to evaluate because of the complexity of interactions between fires and forests. We studied this relationship across 69.2 km2 of Yosemite National Park, USA, that was subject to 32 fires ⩾40 ha between 1984 and 2010. Forests types included ponderosa pine (<i>Pinus ponderosa</i>), white fir-sugar pine (<i>Abies concolor/Pinus lambertiana</i>), and red fir (<i>Abies magnifica</i>). We estimated and stratified burned area by fire severity using the Landsat-derived Relativized differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR). Airborne LiDAR data, acquired in July 2010, measured the vertical and horizontal structure of canopy material and landscape patterning of canopy patches and gaps. Increasing fire severity changed structure at the scale of fire severity patches, the arrangement of canopy patches and gaps within fire severity patches, and vertically within tree clumps. Each forest type showed an individual trajectory of structural change with increasing fire severity. As a result, the relationship between estimates of fire severity such as RdNBR and actual changes appears to vary among forest types. We found three arrangements of canopy patches and gaps associated with different fire severities: canopy-gap arrangements in which gaps were enclosed in otherwise continuous canopy (typically unburned and low fire severities); patch-gap arrangements in which tree clumps and gaps alternated and neither dominated (typically moderate fire severity); and open-patch arrangements in which trees were scattered across open areas (typically high fire severity).</p>\n<br>\n<p>Compared to stands outside fire perimeters, increasing fire severity generally resulted first in loss of canopy cover in lower height strata and increased number and size of gaps, then in loss of canopy cover in higher height strata, and eventually the transition to open areas with few or no trees. However, the estimated fire severities at which these transitions occurred differed for each forest type. Our work suggests that low severity fire in red fir forests and moderate severity fire in ponderosa pine and white fir-sugar pine forests would restore vertical and horizontal canopy structures believed to have been common prior to the start of widespread fire suppression in the early 1900s. The fusion of LiDAR and Landsat data identified post-fire structural conditions that would not be identified by Landsat alone, suggesting a broad applicability of combining Landsat and LiDAR data for landscape-scale structural analysis for fire management.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Forest Ecology and Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044","usgsCitation":"Kane, V., Lutz, J.A., Roberts, S.L., Smith, D.F., McGaughey, R.J., Povak, N., and Brooks, M.L., 2013, Landscape-scale effects of fire severity on mixed-conifer and red fir forest structure in Yosemite National Park: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 287, p. 17-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"17","endPage":"31","ipdsId":"IP-038395","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":293584,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293575,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.886496,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,37.494762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"287","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"541165c3e4b0fe7e184a5562","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.08.044","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Kane Van R., Lutz James A., Roberts Susan L., Smith Douglas F., McGaughey Robert J., Povak Nicholas A., Brooks Matthew L.","journalName":"Forest Ecology and Management","publicationDate":"1/2013","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kane, Van R.","contributorId":25873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kane","given":"Van R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lutz, James A.","contributorId":61350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roberts, Susan L.","contributorId":85312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberts","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, Douglas F.","contributorId":76235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McGaughey, Robert J.","contributorId":36865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGaughey","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Povak, Nicholas A.","contributorId":55749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Povak","given":"Nicholas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
]}