Results from 548,507 indoor radon tests from a database compiled by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Radiation Protection, Radon Division, are evaluated in this report in an effort to determine areas where concentrations of radon are highest. Indoor radon concentrations were aggregated according to geologic unit and hydrogeologic setting for spatial analysis. Indoor radon concentrations greater than or equal to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) action level of 4 picocuries per liter (pCi/L) were observed for 39 percent of the test results; the highest concentration was 1,866.4 pCi/L.
\nWhen analyzed according to Pennsylvania’s geologic units, 93 of the 188 (49.5 percent) geologic units with indoor radon concentrations had median concentrations greater than the USEPA action level of 4 pCi/L; most of these geologic units are located in the eastern part of the State and include metamorphic rocks, limestones, sandstones, shales, and glacial deposits. When analyzed according to Pennsylvania’s hydrogeologic settings, 5 of the 20 (25 percent) settings had median indoor radon concentrations greater than the USEPA action level of 4 pCi/L; these settings are located mostly in the south-central part of the State.
\nMedian indoor radon concentrations aggregated according to geologic units and hydrogeologic settings are useful for drawing general conclusions about the occurrence of indoor radon in specific geologic units and hydrogeologic settings, but the associated data and maps have limitations. The aggregated indoor radon data have testing and spatial accuracy limitations due to lack of available information regarding testing conditions and the imprecision of geocoded test locations. In addition, the associated data describing geologic units and hydrogeologic settings have spatial and interpretation accuracy limitations, which are a result of using statewide data to define conditions at test locations and geologic data that represent a broad interpretation of geologic units across the State. As a result, indoor air radon concentration distributions are not proposed for use in predicting individual concentrations at specific sites nor for use as a decision-making tool for property owners to decide whether to test for indoor radon concentrations at specific property locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135143","usgsCitation":"Gross, E.L., 2013, Distribution of indoor radon concentrations in Pennsylvania, 1990-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5143, Report: viii, 31 p.; PARnGeo: Zip file; PARnHydroGeo: Zip file, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135143.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 31 p.; PARnGeo: Zip file; PARnHydroGeo: Zip file","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1990-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277434,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135143.png"},{"id":277433,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2172,"text":"Journal of Applied Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detecting annual and seasonal changes in a sagebrush ecosystem with remote sensing-derived continuous fields","docAbstract":"Climate change may represent the greatest future risk to the sagebrush ecosystem. Improved ways to quantify and monitor gradual change resulting from climate influences in this ecosystem are vital to its future management. For this research, the change over time of five continuous field cover components including bare ground, herbaceous, litter, sagebrush, and shrub were measured on the ground and by satellite across six seasons and four years. Ground-measured litter and herbaceous cover exhibited the highest variation annually and herbaceous cover the highest variation seasonally. Correlation of ground measurements to corresponding remote-sensing predictions indicated that annual predictions tracked ground measurements more closely than seasonal ones, and QuickBird predictions tracked ground measurements more closely than Landsat predictions. When annual linear slope values from ground plots and sensor predictions were correlated by component, the direction of ground-measured change was tracked better with QuickBird components than with Landsat components. Component predictions were correlated to annual and seasonal DAYMET precipitation. QuickBird components on average had the best response to precipitation patterns, followed by Landsat components. Overall, these results demonstrate the ability of sagebrush ecosystem components as predicted by regression trees to incrementally measure changing components of a sagebrush ecosystem.
","language":"English","publisher":"SPIE","doi":"10.1117/1.JRS.7.073508","usgsCitation":"Homer, C.G., Meyer, D.K., Aldridge, C.L., and Schell, S., 2013, Detecting annual and seasonal changes in a sagebrush ecosystem with remote sensing-derived continuous fields: Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, v. 7, no. 1, 073508, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.7.073508.","productDescription":"073508, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-043589","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473548,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jrs.7.073508","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372340,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.950927734375,\n 42.779275360241904\n ],\n [\n -111.37939453125,\n 41.178653972331674\n ],\n [\n -108.885498046875,\n 40.95501133048621\n ],\n [\n -108.39111328125,\n 42.391008609205045\n ],\n [\n -110.950927734375,\n 42.779275360241904\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Homer, Collin G. 0000-0003-4755-8135 homer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4755-8135","contributorId":2262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Homer","given":"Collin","email":"homer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meyer, Debra K. 0000-0002-8841-697X dkmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8841-697X","contributorId":3145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Debra","email":"dkmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aldridge, Cameron L. 0000-0003-3926-6941 aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":782330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schell, Spencer 0000-0001-7732-1863 schells@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-1863","contributorId":3357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schell","given":"Spencer","email":"schells@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048051,"text":"ofr20131185 - 2013 - Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE; Version 1.0): web-based tools to assess the impact of sea level rise in south Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T12:59:37","indexId":"ofr20131185","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T14:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1185","title":"Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE; Version 1.0): web-based tools to assess the impact of sea level rise in south Florida","docAbstract":"South Florida's Greater Everglades area is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise, due to its rich endowment of animal and plant species and its heavily populated urban areas along the coast. Rising sea levels are expected to have substantial impacts on inland flooding, the depth and extent of surge from coastal storms, the degradation of water supplies by saltwater intrusion, and the integrity of plant and animal habitats. Planners and managers responsible for mitigating these impacts require advanced tools to help them more effectively identify areas at risk. The U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE) Web site has been developed to address these needs by providing more convenient access to projections from models that forecast the effects of sea level rise on surface water and groundwater, the extent of surge and resulting economic losses from coastal storms, and the distribution of habitats. IMMAGE not only provides an advanced geographic information system (GIS) interface to support decision making, but also includes topic-based modules that explain and illustrate key concepts for nontechnical users. The purpose of this report is to familiarize both technical and nontechnical users with the IMMAGE Web site and its various applications.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131185","usgsCitation":"Hearn, P., Strong, D., Swain, E., and Decker, J., 2013, Internet-based Modeling, Mapping, and Analysis for the Greater Everglades (IMMAGE; Version 1.0): web-based tools to assess the impact of sea level rise in south Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1185, v, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131185.","productDescription":"v, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131185.gif"},{"id":277406,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1185/"},{"id":277407,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1185/pdf/of2013-1185.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Greater Everglades","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -82.6721,24.2069 ], [ -82.6721,27.2644 ], [ -79.541,27.2644 ], [ -79.541,24.2069 ], [ -82.6721,24.2069 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb69e4b08fd0132e7945","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hearn, Paul","contributorId":28702,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hearn","given":"Paul","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strong, David","contributorId":101767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strong","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swain, Eric 0000-0001-7168-708X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7168-708X","contributorId":23347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swain","given":"Eric","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Decker, Jeremy","contributorId":99662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Decker","given":"Jeremy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70048045,"text":"sir20135033 - 2013 - Analytical properties of some commercially available nitrate reductase enzymes evaluated as replacements for cadmium in automated, semiautomated, and manual colorimetric methods for determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T13:33:45","indexId":"sir20135033","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T13:24:15","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5033","title":"Analytical properties of some commercially available nitrate reductase enzymes evaluated as replacements for cadmium in automated, semiautomated, and manual colorimetric methods for determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water","docAbstract":"A multiyear research effort at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL) evaluated several commercially available nitrate reductase (NaR) enzymes as replacements for toxic cadmium in longstanding automated colorimetric air-segmented continuous-flow analyzer (CFA) methods for determining nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) in water. This research culminated in USGS approved standard- and low-level enzymatic reduction, colorimetric automated discrete analyzer NOx methods that have been in routine operation at the NWQL since October 2011. The enzyme used in these methods (AtNaR2) is a product of recombinant expression of NaR from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (mouseear cress) in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Because the scope of the validation report for these new automated discrete analyzer methods, published as U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 5–B8, was limited to performance benchmarks and operational details, extensive foundational research with different enzymes—primarily YNaR1, a product of recombinant expression of NaR from Pichia angusta in the yeast Pichia pastoris—remained unpublished until now. This report documents research and development at the NWQL that was foundational to development and validation of the discrete analyzer methods. It includes: (1) details of instrumentation used to acquire kinetics data for several NaR enzymes in the presence and absence of known or suspected inhibitors in relation to reaction temperature and reaction pH; and (2) validation results—method detection limits, precision and bias estimates, spike recoveries, and interference studies—for standard- and low-level automated colorimetric CFA-YNaR1 reduction NOx methods in relation to corresponding USGS approved CFA cadmium-reduction (CdR) NOx methods. The cornerstone of this validation is paired sample statistical and graphical analysis of NOx concentrations from more than 3,800 geographically and seasonally diverse surface-water and groundwater samples that were analyzed in parallel by CFA-CdR and CFA enzyme-reduction methods. Finally, (3) demonstration of a semiautomated batch procedure in which 2-milliliter analyzer cups or disposable spectrophotometer cuvettes serve as reaction vessels for enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite prior to analytical determinations. After the reduction step, analyzer cups are loaded onto CFA, flow injection, or discrete analyzers for simple, rapid, automatic nitrite determinations. In the case of manual determinations, analysts dispense colorimetric reagents into cuvettes containing post-reduction samples, allow time for color to develop, insert cuvettes individually into a spectrophotometer, and record percent transmittance or absorbance in relation to a reagent blank. Data presented here demonstrate equivalent analytical performance of enzymatic reduction NOx methods in these various formats to that of benchmark CFA-CdR NOx methods.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135033","collaboration":"Prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey Office of Water Quality, National Water Quality Laboratory","usgsCitation":"Patton, C.J., and Kryskalla, J.R., 2013, Analytical properties of some commercially available nitrate reductase enzymes evaluated as replacements for cadmium in automated, semiautomated, and manual colorimetric methods for determination of nitrate plus nitrite in water: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5033, vii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135033.","productDescription":"vii, 36 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277398,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135033.gif"},{"id":277396,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5033/"},{"id":277397,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5033/pdf/sir2013-5033.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb63e4b08fd0132e7919","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patton, Charles J. cjpatton@usgs.gov","contributorId":809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patton","given":"Charles","email":"cjpatton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":483660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kryskalla, Jennifer R.","contributorId":91563,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kryskalla","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048038,"text":"ds790 - 2013 - Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-26T14:11:46.981208","indexId":"ds790","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T12:54:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"790","displayTitle":"Water-Level Data for the Albuquerque Basin and Adjacent Areas, Central New Mexico, Period of Record Through September 30, 2012","title":"Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2012","docAbstract":"The Albuquerque Basin, located in central New Mexico, is about 100 miles long and 25–40 miles wide. The basin is defined as the extent of consolidated and unconsolidated deposits of Tertiary and Quaternary age that encompasses the structural Rio Grande Rift within the basin. Drinking-water supplies throughout the basin were obtained solely from groundwater resources until December 2008, when surface water from the Rio Grande began being treated and integrated into the system. A population increase of about 20 percent in the basin from 1990 to 2000 and a 22 percent increase from 2000 to 2010 resulted in an increased demand for water. An initial network of wells was established by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the City of Albuquerque from April 1982 through September 1983 to monitor changes in groundwater levels throughout the basin. This network consisted of 6 wells with analog-to-digital recorders and 27 wells where water levels were measured monthly in 1983. Currently (2012), the network consists of 126 wells and piezometers. (A piezometer is a specialized well open to a specific depth in the aquifer, often of small diameter and nested with other piezometers open to different depths.) The USGS, in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority (ABCWUA), currently (2012) measures and reports water levels from the 126 wells and piezometers in the network; this report presents water-level data collected by USGS personnel at those 126 sites through water year 2012.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds790","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority","usgsCitation":"Beman, J.E., 2013, Water-level data for the Albuquerque Basin and adjacent areas, central New Mexico, period of record through September 30, 2012 (Version 1.1: August 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 790, iii, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds790.","productDescription":"iii, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"39","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":472,"text":"New Mexico Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":388195,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/790/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":388196,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/790/ds790.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.68 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DS 790"},{"id":388197,"rank":3,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/790/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"536 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"DS 790 Version History"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Albuquerque Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.5255,33.9989 ], [ -107.5255,35.9976 ], [ -105.9864,35.9976 ], [ -105.9864,33.9989 ], [ -107.5255,33.9989 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.1: August 2021","contact":"Director, New Mexico Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6700 Edith Blvd. NE
Albuquerque, NM 87113
SSM currently reviews a license application for a spent nuclear fuel repository that is proposed to be located at Forsmark, Sweden. The repository is to be situated at 500 m depth in the rock and copper canisters are deposited in holes excavated from the tunnel system. To protect the canisters they are surrounded by a bentonite clay buffer, which is to swell when getting in contact with water. The swelling properties are dependent on the salt content of the water and excessively high salt contents may inhibit the swelling. Thus it is important to ensure that the bentonite is not subjected to water with too high salt contents. The salt content of the groundwater increases with depth and is expected to reach levels that may affect buffer performance at large depths. When excavating the repository very high hydraulic gradients are established and water and salt movement from the depth to the repository, so-called ‘upconing’, could possibly occur.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the possibility of salt-water migration to the repository. This objective is motivated by the adverse impacts of water with too high salinity entering the repository and by the uncertainty of the relevant hydraulic and hydrogeochemical conditions at the Forsmark site at great depths. To analyse density dependent flow and salt transport at the Forsmark site the USGS’ SUTRA code is used. This study proceeds by finding critical model cases for which upconing does or does not occur, while assessing whether the parameterizations of these cases are realistic for the Forsmark site. In addition, the fall of the upconed salt mound (i.e. downconing) following closure of the repository is also evaluated. In particular the objectives are (1) to determine the factors that control saltwater upconing in a hydrogeological setting representative of Forsmark; (2) to relate these factors to the plausible conditions prevailing at the repository site; (3) to investigate whether the proposed repository is likely to generate saltwater upconing, given the range of uncertainty in hydrogeologic structure and parameter values; and (4) to evaluate the timing of upconing (salinization) and the timing of downconing (freshening) following repository closure for cases where upconing occurs.
The results of this simulation analysis show that upconing behavior is strongly affected by the ratio of permeability to porosity in any zone in which upconing might occur. Within the full range of parameters that are likely to occur at the Forsmark site, the model yields either no significant upconing at all during the operational period of the repository or intrusion of brine-type waters after only one to a few decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"Swedish Radiation Safety Authority","publisherLocation":"Stockholm, Sweden","usgsCitation":"Voss, C.I., Geier, J., and Lindgren, G., 2013, Brine intrusion by upconing for a high-level nuclear waste repository at Forsmark: Scoping calculations, 56 p.","productDescription":"56 p.","ipdsId":"IP-046424","costCenters":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397467,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":397466,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.stralsakerhetsmyndigheten.se/en/publications/reports/waste-shipments-physical-protection/2013/201328/"}],"country":"Sweden","city":"Forsmark","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 18.143577575683594,\n 60.368031413794576\n ],\n [\n 18.165464401245117,\n 60.368031413794576\n ],\n [\n 18.165464401245117,\n 60.374290270786524\n ],\n [\n 18.143577575683594,\n 60.374290270786524\n ],\n [\n 18.143577575683594,\n 60.368031413794576\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voss, Clifford I. 0000-0001-5923-2752 cvoss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5923-2752","contributorId":1559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"Clifford","email":"cvoss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Geier, Joel","contributorId":118579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geier","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lindgren, Georg","contributorId":115203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"Georg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":518033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048023,"text":"ofr20121183 - 2013 - Massachusetts shoreline change project: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the 2013 update","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T10:44:17","indexId":"ofr20121183","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1183","title":"Massachusetts shoreline change project: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the 2013 update","docAbstract":"Identifying the rates and trends associated with the position of the shoreline through time presents vital information on potential impacts these changes may have on coastal populations and infrastructure, and supports informed coastal management decisions. This report publishes the historical shoreline data used to assess the scale and timing of erosion and accretion along the Massachusetts coast from New Hampshire to Rhode Island including all of Cape Cod, Martha’s Vineyard, Nantucket and the Elizabeth Islands. This data is an update to the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management Shoreline Change Project. Shoreline positions from the past 164 years (1845 to 2009) were used to compute the shoreline change rates. These data include a combined length of 1,804 kilometers of new shoreline data derived from color orthophoto imagery collected in 2008 and 2009, and topographic lidar collected in 2007. These new shorelines have been added to previously published historic shoreline data from the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management and the U.S. Geological Survey. A detailed report containing a discussion of the shoreline change data presented here and a summary of the resulting rates is available and cited at the end of the Introduction section of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121183","usgsCitation":"Smith, T.L., Himmelstoss, E., and Thieler, E.R., 2013, Massachusetts shoreline change project: a GIS compilation of vector shorelines and associated shoreline change data for the 2013 update: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1183, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121183.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1844-12-30","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277369,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121183.gif"},{"id":277368,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/title_page.html"},{"id":277367,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.8437,41.239 ], [ -71.8437,42.8868 ], [ -69.928,42.8868 ], [ -69.928,41.239 ], [ -71.8437,41.239 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb69e4b08fd0132e7949","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Theresa L.","contributorId":80163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Himmelstoss, Emily A.","contributorId":24736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Himmelstoss","given":"Emily A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048019,"text":"sir20135167 - 2013 - Greater Sage-Grouse National Research Strategy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-12T12:51:26","indexId":"sir20135167","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T10:01:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5167","title":"Greater Sage-Grouse National Research Strategy","docAbstract":"The condition of the sagebrush ecosystem has been declining in the Western United States, and greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a sagebrush-obligate species, has experienced concurrent decreases in distribution and population numbers. This has prompted substantial research and management over the past two decades to improve the understanding of sage-grouse and its habitats and to address the observed decreases in distribution and population numbers. The amount of research and management has increased as the year 2015 approaches, which is when the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) is expected to make a final decision about whether or not to protect the species under the Endangered Species Act. In 2012, the Sage-Grouse Executive Oversight Committee (EOC) of the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA) requested that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) lead the development of a Greater Sage-Grouse National Research Strategy (hereafter Research Strategy). This request was motivated by a practical need to systematically connect existing research and conservation plans with persisting or emerging information needs. Managers and researchers also wanted to reduce redundancy and help focus limited funds on the highest priority research and management issues. The USGS undertook the development of this Research Strategy, which addresses information and science relating to the greater sage-grouse and its habitat across portions of 11 Western States. This Research Strategy provides an outline of important research topics to ensure that science information gaps are identified and documented in a comprehensive manner. Further, by identifying priority topics and critical information needed for planning, research, and resource management, it provides a structure to help coordinate members of an expansive research and management community in their efforts to conduct priority research.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135167","usgsCitation":"Hanser, S.E., and Manier, D., 2013, Greater Sage-Grouse National Research Strategy: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5167, Report: vi, 46 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135167.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 46 p.; Appendix A","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277365,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135167.png"},{"id":277362,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5167/"},{"id":277363,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5167/pdf/sir20135167.pdf"},{"id":277364,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5167/pdf/sir20135167_appendixA.pdf"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -125.0,35.0 ], [ -125.0,52.0 ], [ -100.0,52.0 ], [ -100.0,35.0 ], [ -125.0,35.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb68e4b08fd0132e7941","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanser, Steven E.","contributorId":99273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanser","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manier, Daniel J.","contributorId":77435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manier","given":"Daniel J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047076,"text":"70047076 - 2013 - A record of large earthquakes during the past two millennia on the southern Green Valley Fault, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T09:56:59","indexId":"70047076","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T09:47:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A record of large earthquakes during the past two millennia on the southern Green Valley Fault, California","docAbstract":"We document evidence for surface-rupturing earthquakes (events) at two trench sites on the southern Green Valley fault, California (SGVF). The 75-80-km long dextral SGVF creeps ~1-4 mm/yr. We identify stratigraphic horizons disrupted by upward-flowering shears and in-filled fissures unlikely to have formed from creep alone. The Mason Rd site exhibits four events from ~1013 CE to the Present. The Lopes Ranch site (LR, 12 km to the south) exhibits three events from 18 BCE to Present including the most recent event (MRE), 1610 ±52 yr CE (1σ) and a two-event interval (18 BCE-238 CE) isolated by a millennium of low deposition. Using Oxcal to model the timing of the 4-event earthquake sequence from radiocarbon data and the LR MRE yields a mean recurrence interval (RI or μ) of 199 ±82 yr (1σ) and ±35 yr (standard error of the mean), the first based on geologic data. The time since the most recent earthquake (open window since MRE) is 402 yr ±52 yr, well past μ~200 yr. The shape of the probability density function (pdf) of the average RI from Oxcal resembles a Brownian Passage Time (BPT) pdf (i.e., rather than normal) that permits rarer longer ruptures potentially involving the Berryessa and Hunting Creek sections of the northernmost GVF. The model coefficient of variation (cv, σ/μ) is 0.41, but a larger value (cv ~0.6) fits better when using BPT. A BPT pdf with μ of 250 yr and cv of 0.6 yields 30-yr rupture probabilities of 20-25% versus a Poisson probability of 11-17%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120120198","usgsCitation":"Lienkaemper, J.J., Baldwin, J.N., Turner, R., Sickler, R.R., and Brown, J., 2013, A record of large earthquakes during the past two millennia on the southern Green Valley Fault, California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 103, no. 4, p. 2386-2403, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120120198.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"2386","endPage":"2403","numberOfPages":"18","ipdsId":"IP-034201","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275085,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120120198"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Green Valley Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0,37.0 ], [ -123.0,39.0 ], [ -121.7,39.0 ], [ -121.7,37.0 ], [ -123.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"103","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb62e4b08fd0132e7915","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldwin, John N.","contributorId":58551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldwin","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turner, Robert","contributorId":56244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sickler, Robert R. 0000-0002-9141-625X rsickler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9141-625X","contributorId":3235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","email":"rsickler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brown, Johnathan","contributorId":56082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Johnathan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70048008,"text":"sir20135160 - 2013 - Numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system in Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T09:34:23","indexId":"sir20135160","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T09:27:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5160","title":"Numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system in Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington","docAbstract":"A groundwater-flow model was developed to evaluate potential future effects of growth and of water-management strategies on water resources in the Chimacum Creek Basin. The model covers an area of about 64 square miles (mi2) on the Olympic Peninsula in northeastern Jefferson County, Washington. The Chimacum Creek Basin drains an area of about 53 mi2 and consists of Chimacum Creek and its tributary East Fork Chimacum Creek, which converge near the town of Chimacum and discharge to Port Townsend Bay near the town of Irondale. The topography of the model area consists of north-south oriented, narrow, regularly spaced parallel ridges and valleys that are characteristic of fluted glaciated surfaces. Thick accumulations of peat occur along the axis of East Fork Chimacum Creek and provide rich soils for agricultural use. The study area is underlain by a north-thickening sequence of unconsolidated glacial (till and outwash) and interglacial (fluvial and lacustrine) deposits, and sedimentary and igneous bedrock units that crop out along the margins and the western interior of the model area. Six hydrogeologic units in the model area form the basis of the groundwater-flow model. They are represented by model layers UC (upper confining), UA (upper aquifer), MC (middle confining), LA (lower aquifer), LC (lower confining), and OE (bedrock). Groundwater flow in the Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity was simulated using the groundwater-flow model, MODFLOW-2005. The finite-difference model grid comprises 245 columns, 313 rows, and 6 layers. Each model cell has a horizontal dimension of 200 × 200 feet (ft). The thickness of model layers varies throughout the model area and ranges from 5 ft in the non-bedrock units to more than 2,400 ft in the bedrock. Groundwater flow was simulated for steady-state conditions, which were simulated for calibration of the model using average recharge, discharge, and water levels for the 180-month period October 1994–September 2009. The model as calibrated has a mean residual of 4.5 ft and a standard error on the mean of 2.1 ft for heads, and 0.64±0.42 cubic feet per second for streamflows. After the model was calibrated, a Current Conditions simulation was developed to reflect current (October 2008–September 2009) hydrologic conditions, with representative pumping, return flows, and “normal” recharge (based on National Weather Service average precipitation for 1981 to 2010). The Current Conditions simulation was used to estimate current flow quantities, and as a basis to compare other simulations.Simulated steady-state inflow to the model area from precipitation and secondary recharge, or “return flow,” was 16,347 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr); groundwater inflow from other basins to the north of the model boundary was 1,518 acre-ft/yr (net, 3,114 acre-ft/yr in and 1,596 acre-ft/yr out) and simulated inflow from lake leakage was 613 acre-ft/yr (net, 684 acre-ft/yr in and 71 acre-ft/yr out). Simulated outflow from the model primarily was through discharge to Puget Sound (10,022 acre-ft/yr), streams (5,424 acre-ft/yr ), springs and seeps (1,521 acre-ft/yr), and through withdrawals from wells (1,506 acre-ft/yr). Four simulations were formulated using the calibrated model—one to represent current conditions (2009, the end of the period used for calibration) and three to provide representative examples of how the model can be used to evaluate the relative effects of potential changes in groundwater withdrawals and consumptive use on groundwater levels and stream base flows: Probable Future Use, based on population projections; Full Beneficial Use, based on Jefferson County Public Utility District #1 water rights; Sanitary Sewer, based on eliminating septic return flows in the Urban Growth Area. Particle tracking was used to assess flowpaths from sources and to sinks, and the effects of the presence of irrigation wells and their depths was assessed.","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/sir20135160","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Jefferson County and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Jones, J.L., Johnson, K.H., and Frans, L.M., 2013, Numerical simulation of the groundwater-flow system in Chimacum Creek Basin and vicinity, Jefferson County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5160, vii, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135160.","productDescription":"vii, 79 p.","numberOfPages":"86","ipdsId":"IP-046166","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/SIR20135160.PNG"},{"id":277329,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5160/"},{"id":277357,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5160/pdf/sir20135160.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Jefferson County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.0696,46.9432 ], [ -123.0696,48.5235 ], [ -121.5553,48.5235 ], [ -121.5553,46.9432 ], [ -123.0696,46.9432 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb6ae4b08fd0132e794d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Joseph L. jljones@usgs.gov","contributorId":3492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Joseph","email":"jljones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Kenneth H. johnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kenneth","email":"johnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frans, Lonna M. 0000-0002-3217-1862 lmfrans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-1862","contributorId":1493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frans","given":"Lonna","email":"lmfrans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70048015,"text":"70048015 - 2013 - Evaluation of internal loading and water level changes: implications for phosphorus, algal production, and nuisance blooms in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T09:19:16","indexId":"70048015","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T09:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2592,"text":"Lake and Reservoir Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of internal loading and water level changes: implications for phosphorus, algal production, and nuisance blooms in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"Hydrologic manipulations have the potential to exacerbate or remediate eutrophication in productive reservoirs. Dam operations at Kabetogama Lake, Minnesota, were modified in 2000 to restore a more natural water regime and improve water quality. The US Geological Survey and National Park Service evaluated nutrient, algae, and nuisance bloom data in relation to changes in Kabetogama Lake water levels. Comparison of the results of this study to previous studies indicates that chlorophyll a concentrations have decreased, whereas total phosphorus (TP) concentrations have not changed significantly since 2000. Water and sediment quality data were collected at Voyageurs National Park during 2008–2009 to assess internal phosphorus loading and determine whether loading is a factor affecting TP concentrations and algal productivity. Kabetogama Lake often was mixed vertically, except for occasional stratification measured in certain areas, including Lost Bay in the northeastern part of Kabetogama Lake. Stratification, higher bottom water and sediment nutrient concentrations than in other parts of the lake, and phosphorus release rates estimated from sediment core incubations indicated that Lost Bay is one of several areas that may be contributing to internal loading. Internal loading of TP is a concern because increased TP may cause excessive algal growth including potentially toxic cyanobacteria.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Lake and Reservoir Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/10402381.2013.831148","usgsCitation":"Christensen, V.G., Maki, R., and Kiesling, R.L., 2013, Evaluation of internal loading and water level changes: implications for phosphorus, algal production, and nuisance blooms in Kabetogama Lake, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: Lake and Reservoir Management, v. 29, no. 3, p. 202-215, https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2013.831148.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"202","endPage":"215","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-043981","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2013.831148","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277355,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402381.2013.831148"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park;Kabetogama Lake","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.128616,48.402901 ], [ -93.128616,48.53329 ], [ -92.785409,48.53329 ], [ -92.785409,48.402901 ], [ -93.128616,48.402901 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb68e4b08fd0132e793d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Christensen, Victoria G. 0000-0003-4166-7461 vglenn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4166-7461","contributorId":2354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christensen","given":"Victoria","email":"vglenn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maki, Ryan P.","contributorId":100111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maki","given":"Ryan P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kiesling, Richard L. 0000-0002-3017-1826 kiesling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-1826","contributorId":1837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kiesling","given":"Richard","email":"kiesling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047434,"text":"70047434 - 2013 - Dendrometer bands made easy: using modified cable ties to measure incremental growth of trees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T15:38:24","indexId":"70047434","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T09:09:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":826,"text":"Applications in Plant Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dendrometer bands made easy: using modified cable ties to measure incremental growth of trees","docAbstract":"Dendrometer bands are a useful way to make sequential repeated measurements of tree growth, but traditional dendrometer bands can be expensive, time consuming, and difficult to construct in the field. An alternative to the traditional method of band construction is to adapt commercially available materials. This paper describes how to construct and install dendrometer bands using smooth-edged, stainless steel, cable tie banding and attachable rollerball heads. As a performance comparison, both traditional and cable tie dendrometer bands were installed on baldcypress trees at the National Wetlands Research Center in Lafayette, Louisiana, by both an experienced and a novice worker. Band installation times were recorded, and growth of the trees as estimated by the two band types was measured after approximately one year, demonstrating equivalence of the two methods. This efficient approach to dendrometer band construction can help advance the knowledge of long-term tree growth in ecological studies.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Applications in Plant Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Botanical Society of America","doi":"10.3732/apps.1300044","usgsCitation":"Anemaet, E.R., and Middleton, B.A., 2013, Dendrometer bands made easy: using modified cable ties to measure incremental growth of trees: Applications in Plant Science, v. 1, no. 9, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3732/apps.1300044.","productDescription":"5 p.","numberOfPages":"5","ipdsId":"IP-045743","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3732/apps.1300044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277410,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277409,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3732/apps.1300044"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","city":"Lafayette","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.0455907,30.224949 ], [ -92.0455907,30.2265983 ], [ -92.0433408,30.2265983 ], [ -92.0433408,30.224949 ], [ -92.0455907,30.224949 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"1","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb67e4b08fd0132e792d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anemaet, Evelyn R. 0000-0002-9743-8732 anemaete@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9743-8732","contributorId":4882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anemaet","given":"Evelyn","email":"anemaete@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326 middletonb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":2029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","email":"middletonb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048014,"text":"ofr20131167 - 2013 - Dissolved methane in groundwater, Upper Delaware River Basin, Pennsylvania and New York, 2007-12","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T12:57:43","indexId":"ofr20131167","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T08:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1167","title":"Dissolved methane in groundwater, Upper Delaware River Basin, Pennsylvania and New York, 2007-12","docAbstract":"The prospect of natural gas development from the Marcellus and Utica Shales has raised concerns about freshwater aquifers being vulnerable to contamination. Well owners are asking questions about subsurface methane, such as, “Does my well water have methane and is it safe to drink the water?” and “Is my well system at risk of an explosion hazard associated with a combustible gas like methane in groundwater?”\n\nThis newfound awareness of methane contamination of water wells by stray gas migration is based upon studies such as Molofsky and others (2011) who document the widespread natural occurrence of methane in drinking-water wells in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. In the same county, Osborn and others (2011) identified elevated methane concentrations in selected drinking-water wells in the vicinity of Marcellus Shale gas-development activities, although pre-development groundwater samples were not available for comparison.\n\nA compilation of dissolved methane concentrations in groundwater for New York State was published by Kappel and Nystrom (2012). Recent work documenting the occurrence and distribution of methane in groundwater was completed in southern Sullivan County, Pennsylvania (Sloto, 2013). Additional work is ongoing with respect to monitoring for stray gases in groundwater (Jackson and others, 2013). These studies and their results indicate the importance of collecting baseline or pre-development data. While such data are being collected in some areas, published data on methane in groundwater are sparse in the Upper Delaware River Basin of Pennsylvania, New York, and New Jersey. To manage drinking-water resources in areas of gas-well drilling and hydraulic fracturing in the Upper Delaware River Basin, the natural occurrence of methane in the tri-state aquifers needs to be documented.\n\nThe purpose of this report is to present data on dissolved methane concentrations in the groundwater in the Upper Delaware River Basin. The scope is restricted to data for Pennsylvania and New York, no U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) methane analyses are presently available for northwestern New Jersey.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131167","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., 2013, Dissolved methane in groundwater, Upper Delaware River Basin, Pennsylvania and New York, 2007-12: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1167, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131167.","productDescription":"6 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277352,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1167/"},{"id":277353,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1167/pdf/ofr2013-1167.pdf"},{"id":277354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131167.gif"}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"New York;Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Upper Delaware River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.0248,40.8017 ], [ -76.0248,42.5463 ], [ -73.8851,42.5463 ], [ -73.8851,40.8017 ], [ -76.0248,40.8017 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f252e4b0bc0bec0a02f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048012,"text":"ofr20131170I - 2013 - Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048012,"text":"ofr20131170I - 2013 - Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170I","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T17:14:45.699859","indexId":"ofr20131170I","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T07:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"I","title":"Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario","docAbstract":"The SAFRR tsunami scenario models the impacts of a hypothetical yet plausible tsunami associated with a magnitude 9.1 megathrust earthquake east of the Alaska Peninsula. This report summarizes community variations in population vulnerability and potential evacuation challenges to the tsunami. The most significant public-health concern for California coastal communities during a distant-source tsunami is the ability to evacuate people out of potential inundation zones. Fatalities from the SAFRR tsunami scenario could be low if emergency managers can implement an effective evacuation in the time between tsunami generation and arrival, as well as keep people from entering tsunami-prone areas until all-clear messages can be delivered. This will be challenging given the estimated 91,956 residents, 81,277 employees, as well as numerous public venues, dependent-population facilities, community-support businesses, and high-volume beaches that are in the 79 incorporated communities and 17 counties that have land in the scenario tsunami-inundation zone. Although all coastal communities face some level of threat from this scenario, the highest concentrations of people in the scenario tsunami-inundation zone are in Long Beach, San Diego, Newport Beach, Huntington Beach, and San Francisco. Communities also vary in the prevalent categories of populations that are in scenario tsunami-inundation zones, such as residents in Long Beach, employees in San Francisco, tourists at public venues in Santa Cruz, and beach or park visitors in unincorporated Los Angeles County. Certain communities have higher percentages of groups that may need targeted outreach and preparedness training, such as renters, the very young and very old, and individuals with limited English-language skills or no English-language skills at all. Sustained education and targeted evacuation messaging is also important at several high-occupancy public venues in the scenario tsunami-inundation zone (for example, city and county beaches, State or national parks, and amusement parks). Evacuations will be challenging, particularly for certain dependent-care populations, such as patients at hospitals and children at schools and daycare centers. We estimate that approximately 8,678 of the 91,956 residents in the scenario inundation zone are likely to need publicly provided shelters in the short term. Information presented in this report could be used to support emergency managers in their efforts to identify where additional preparedness and outreach activities may be needed to manage risks associated with California tsunamis.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170I","usgsCitation":"Wood, N., Ratliff, J., Peters, J., and Shoaf, K., 2013, Population vulnerability and evacuation challenges in California for the SAFRR tsunami scenario: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, vi, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170I.","productDescription":"vi, 50 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science 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In addition to the work performed by the authors on public-policy issues associated with the SAFRR tsunami scenario, this section of the scenario also reflects the policy discussions of the State of California’s Tsunami Policy Work Group, a voluntary advisory body formed in October 2011, which operates under the California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA), Department of Conservation, and is charged with identifying, evaluating, and making recommendations to resolve issues that are preventing full and effective implementation of tsunami hazard mitigation and risk reduction throughout California’s coastal communities. It also presents the analyses of plans and hazard policies of California’s coastal counties, incorporated cities, and major ports performed by the staff of the California Geological Survey (CGS) and Lauren Prehoda, Office of Environmental and Government Affairs, California Department of Conservation. It also draws on the policy framework and assessment prepared for the ARkStorm Pacific Coast winter storm and catastrophic flooding (Topping and others, 2010).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170M","usgsCitation":"Johnson, L., and Real, C., 2013, Public-policy issues associated with the SAFRR Tsunami Scenario: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, v, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170M.","productDescription":"v, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046335","costCenters":[{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277347,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170m.gif"},{"id":277345,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/m/index.html"},{"id":277346,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/m/pdf/of2013-1170m.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb6ae4b08fd0132e7955","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Laurie","contributorId":11294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Laurie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Real, Chuck","contributorId":23058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Real","given":"Chuck","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048011,"text":"ofr20131170L - 2013 - Tsunami mitigation and preparedness activities in California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70048011,"text":"ofr20131170L - 2013 - Tsunami mitigation and preparedness activities in California","indexId":"ofr20131170L","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Tsunami mitigation and preparedness activities in California"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70047964,"text":"ofr20131170 - 2013 - The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","indexId":"ofr20131170","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"title":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario"},"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-13T17:17:25.09101","indexId":"ofr20131170L","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T02:22:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"L","title":"Tsunami mitigation and preparedness activities in California","docAbstract":"Scenario planning and final results associated with the U.S. Geological Survey Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami project are providing great benefits to the ongoing tsunami risk-reduction efforts of the California Tsunami Preparedness and Hazard Mitigation Program. This program, led by the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services and the California Geological Survey, works with coastal communities to improve tsunami preparedness and mitigation at the local level through various efforts, such as improving tsunami hazard analysis, establishing consistent evacuation communications and planning, and leveraging national risk-reduction efforts associated with the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program. The recent 2010 Chilean and 2011 Tohoku tsunamis did not cause notable inundation of dry land in California, but dozens of harbors sustained damages totaling nearly $100 million (Wilson and others, 2012a). Estimates associated with the SAFRR distant tsunami scenario suggest socioeconomic and environmental losses could be even larger. Information gathered from these events and the SAFRR scenario is guiding the development and implementation of new strategies for emergency response, maritime planning, and land-use planning, including a reassessment of the tsunami threat along the California coast;\nscenario-specific, tsunami evacuation “playbook” maps and guidance in-harbor hazard maps and offshore safety zones for potential boat evacuation during future distant source events; “probability-based” products for land-use planning under the California Seismic Hazard Mapping Act; and an expansion of real-time and post-tsunami field reconnaissance teams and information sharing through a state-wide clearinghouse. The state tsunami program has benefitted greatly from participation in the SAFRR tsunami scenario process, and hopes to continue this relationship with the U.S. Geological Survey to help improve tsunami preparedness in California.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170L","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R., and Miller, K., 2013, Tsunami mitigation and preparedness activities in California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, v, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170L.","productDescription":"v, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb6be4b08fd0132e795d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Rick","contributorId":12766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kevin H.","contributorId":100727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kevin H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048006,"text":"ofr20131170K - 2013 - Communication products for the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami scenario: Chapter K in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T02:19:04","indexId":"ofr20131170K","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T02:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"K","title":"Communication products for the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami scenario: Chapter K in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","docAbstract":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR), like its predecessor the Multi-Hazards Demonstration Project, has a mission to increase the use of science by decision-makers of all kinds. Thus, an important part of any SAFRR scenario is development of products that enhance usability of the science. In this tsunami scenario, the focus has been on development of three kinds of products: products that augment typical outputs of scientific studies, such as reports, to make the results of the scenario more relevant and usable to nonscientists; products that distill local impacts and allow users in specific locales to identify which aspects of the broad regional study apply to their local area; and\nproducts that effectively deliver disaster preparedness messaging to one group of people who are not usually interested in disaster preparedness—those ages 18 to 34.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Sruvey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170K","collaboration":"Chapter K: in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario. For more information, see: Open File Report 2013-1170.","usgsCitation":"Perry, S.C., 2013, Communication products for the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) tsunami scenario: Chapter K in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170K.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-046332","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277339,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/k/"},{"id":277340,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/k/pdf/of2013-1170k.pdf"},{"id":277341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170k.gif"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb66e4b08fd0132e7929","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Perry, Suzanne C. 0000-0002-6370-4326 scperry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-4326","contributorId":5227,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perry","given":"Suzanne","email":"scperry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70048010,"text":"ofr20131170J - 2013 - Emergency management response to a warning-level Alaska-source tsunami impacting California: Chapter J in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T02:02:57","indexId":"ofr20131170J","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T01:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"J","title":"Emergency management response to a warning-level Alaska-source tsunami impacting California: Chapter J in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","docAbstract":"This chapter is directed towards two audiences: Firstly, it targets nonemergency management readers, providing them with insight on the process and challenges facing emergency managers in responding to tsunami Warning, particularly given this “short fuse” scenario. It is called “short fuse” because there is only a 5.5-hour window following the earthquake before arrival of the tsunami within which to evaluate the threat, disseminate alert and warning messages, and respond. This action initiates a period when crisis communication is of paramount importance. An additional dynamic that is important to note is that within 15 minutes of the earthquake, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Weather Service (NWS) will issue alert bulletins for the entire Pacific Coast. This is one-half the time actually presented by recent tsunamis from Japan, Chile, and Samoa. Second, the chapter provides emergency managers at all levels with insights into key considerations they may need to address in order to augment their existing plans and effectively respond to tsunami events. We look at emergency management response to the tsunami threat from three perspectives:“Top Down” (Threat analysis and Alert/Warning information from the Federal agency charged with Alert and Warning) “Bottom Up” (Emergency management’s Incident Command approach to responding to emergencies and disasters based on the needs of impacted local jurisdictions) “Across Time” (From the initiating earthquake event through emergency response) We focus on these questions: What are the government roles, relationships, and products that support Tsunami Alert and Warning dissemination? (Emergency Planning and Preparedness.) What roles, relationships, and products support emergency management response to Tsunami Warning and impact? (Engendering prudent public safety response.) What are the key emergency management activities, considerations, and challenges brought out by the SAFRR tsunami scenario? (Real emergencies) How do these activities, considerations, and challenges play out as the tsunami event unfolds across the “life” of the event? (Lessons)","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170J","collaboration":"Chapter J in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario. For more information, see: Open File Report 2013-1170","usgsCitation":"Miller, K.M., and Long, K., 2013, Emergency management response to a warning-level Alaska-source tsunami impacting California: Chapter J in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, vi, 245 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170J.","productDescription":"vi, 245 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":553,"text":"Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170j.gif"},{"id":277336,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/j/pdf/of2013-1170j.pdf"},{"id":277337,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/j/"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb68e4b08fd0132e7939","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Kevin M.","contributorId":77035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Kate","contributorId":88641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Kate","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70048009,"text":"ofr20131170H - 2013 - Economic impacts of the SAFRR tsunami scenario in California: Chapter H in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-06T01:34:29","indexId":"ofr20131170H","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-06T01:12:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1170","chapter":"H","title":"Economic impacts of the SAFRR tsunami scenario in California: Chapter H in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario","docAbstract":"This study evaluates the hypothetical economic impacts of the SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) tsunami scenario to the California economy. The SAFRR scenario simulates a tsunami generated by a hypothetical magnitude 9.1 earthquake that occurs offshore of the Alaska Peninsula (Kirby and others, 2013). Economic impacts are measured by the estimated reduction in California’s gross domestic product (GDP), the standard economic measure of the total value of goods and services produced. Economic impacts are derived from the physical damages from the tsunami as described by Porter and others (2013). The principal physical damages that result in disruption of the California economy are (1) about $100 million in damages to the twin Ports of Los Angeles (POLA) and Long Beach (POLB), (2) about $700 million in damages to marinas, and (3) about $2.5 billion in damages to buildings and contents (properties) in the tsunami inundation zone on the California coast. The study of economic impacts does not include the impacts from damages to roads, bridges, railroads, and agricultural production or fires in fuel storage facilities because these damages will be minimal with respect to the California economy. The economic impacts of damage to other California ports are not included in this study because detailed evaluation of the physical damage to these ports was not available in time for this report. The analysis of economic impacts is accomplished in several steps. First, estimates are made for the direct economic impacts that result in immediate business interruption losses in individual sectors of the economy due to physical damage to facilities or to disruption of the flow of production units (commodities necessary for production). Second, the total economic impacts (consisting of both direct and indirect effects) are measured by including the general equilibrium (essentially quantity and price multiplier effects) of lost production in other sectors by ripple effects upstream and downstream along the supply chain. An appropriate measure of the economic impacts on the California economy for the SAFRR tsunami scenario is the reduction in GDP. The economic impacts are first calculated without resilience, the ability of the economy to adjust to disruptions in ways that mute potential negative impacts. There are many types of resilience, including using existing inventories of materials, using unused capacity, conserving inputs, substituting for disrupted supplies, recapturing production after the disruption is restored, and many others. A method for estimating resilience, identified in the port system and sectors affected by property damages, is applied to indicate potential reductions of direct and total economic impacts. In this SAFRR tsunami scenario analysis of economic impacts to California, we implement established techniques used to model the economic impacts for two previous U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scenarios: the southern California Shakeout earthquake (Rose and others, 2011) and the California ARkStorm severe winter storm (Sue Wing and others, written commun., 2013). For the SAFRR tsunami scenario, we reviewed the relevant studies that assess economic impacts from previous tsunami events affecting California and elsewhere and estimate the economic impacts of potential tsunami and other threats to POLA and POLB. To our knowledge, assessment of impacts to the California economy from distant source tsunamis does not exist. Previous tsunamis, including those from the 1960 Chile earthquake, the 1964 Alaska earthquake, the 2008 Chile earthquake and the 2011 Japan earthquake, had only relatively minor or very localized severe damage (such as that in Crescent City in 1964), and no studies of the economic impacts were completed. A rare study of the economic impacts of a tsunami event has recently been produced for the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami (Kajitani and others, 2013). Quarterly declines in Japan’s GDP are observed to peak at ‒1.63 percent in the second quarter after the event and stagnate for the rest of the year. The majority of the economic impacts are attributed to the tsunami rather than the earthquake. The hardest hit sectors are identified as agriculture, fisheries, manufacturing, retail, and tourism. Other relevant studies have focused on the economic impacts of threats that close POLA and POLB. We find one analysis of a potential tsunami scenario affecting the California economy through disruption of port operations. Borrero and others (2005) estimated economic impacts to the southern California economy of $7 to $40 billion from a locally generated tsunami that closes POLA and POLB for as much as 1 year. There have also been several studies of the economic impacts of non-tsunami events affecting POLA and POLB. Analyses of an 11-day labor lockout produced a range of estimated national impacts of as much as $1.94 billion/day (Park and others 2008, Martin Associates 2001). Examination of a potential terrorist attack that closes the San Pedro port for 1 month yielded a $29 billion impact to the California economy (Park, 2008). These studies have reinforced the importance of recognizing economic resilience in economic impact analyses. Hall (2004) criticized the upper-end estimate of national economic impacts from the labor lockout based on model shortcomings that neglected short-run substitution behavior and fixed the long-run economic behaviors. Following the 2011 Japanese tsunami, resilience was observed in the forms of rapid recovery of manufacturing sectors, energy conservation, and insurance (Kajitani and others, 2013).","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario (Open File Report 2013-1170)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131170H","collaboration":"Chapter H in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario. For more information, see: Open File Report 2013-1170","usgsCitation":"Wein, A., Rose, A., Sue Wing, I., and Wei, D., 2013, Economic impacts of the SAFRR tsunami scenario in California: Chapter H in The SAFRR (Science Application for Risk Reduction) Tsunami Scenario: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1170, Report: 50 p.; Table D3: Excel file; Table D4: Excel file; Tsunami Port Direct Impacts without and with Resilience: Excel file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131170H.","productDescription":"Report: 50 p.; Table D3: Excel file; Table D4: Excel file; Tsunami Port Direct Impacts without and with Resilience: Excel file","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277335,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131170h.gif"},{"id":277330,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/"},{"id":277331,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/pdf/of2013-1170h.pdf"},{"id":277332,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/downloads/table_d3.xlsx"},{"id":277333,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/downloads/table_d4.xlsx"},{"id":277334,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1170/h/downloads/Tsunami_Port_Direct_Impacts_without_and_with_Resilience.xlsx"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.13,32.53 ], [ -114.13,42.01 ], [ -124.48,42.01 ], [ -124.48,32.53 ], [ -114.13,32.53 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522aeb68e4b08fd0132e7935","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wein, Anne 0000-0002-5516-3697 awein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5516-3697","contributorId":589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"Anne","email":"awein@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rose, Adam","contributorId":82573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"Adam","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sue Wing, Ian","contributorId":54503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sue Wing","given":"Ian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wei, Dan","contributorId":26962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"Dan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047997,"text":"ofr20131171 - 2013 - Evaluation of the groundwater flow model for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, updated to conditions through 2011, with new projections and groundwater management simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-10T15:27:37","indexId":"ofr20131171","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-05T14:38:53","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1171","title":"Evaluation of the groundwater flow model for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, updated to conditions through 2011, with new projections and groundwater management simulations","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Southern Utah Valley Municipal Water Association, updated an existing USGS model of southern Utah and Goshen Valleys for hydrologic and climatic conditions from 1991 to 2011 and used the model for projection and groundwater management simulations. All model files used in the transient model were updated to be compatible with MODFLOW-2005 and with the additional stress periods. The well and recharge files had the most extensive changes. Discharge to pumping wells in southern Utah and Goshen Valleys was estimated and simulated on an annual basis from 1991 to 2011. Recharge estimates for 1991 to 2011 were included in the updated model by using precipitation, streamflow, canal diversions, and irrigation groundwater withdrawals for each year. The model was evaluated to determine how well it simulates groundwater conditions during recent increased withdrawals and drought, and to determine if the model is adequate for use in future planning. In southern Utah Valley, the magnitude and direction of annual water-level fluctuation simulated by the updated model reasonably match measured water-level changes, but they do not simulate as much decline as was measured in some locations from 2000 to 2002. Both the rapid increase in groundwater withdrawals and the total groundwater withdrawals in southern Utah Valley during this period exceed the variations and magnitudes simulated during the 1949 to 1990 calibration period. It is possible that hydraulic properties may be locally incorrect or that changes, such as land use or irrigation diversions, occurred that are not simulated. In the northern part of Goshen Valley, simulated water-level changes reasonably match measured changes. Farther south, however, simulated declines are much less than measured declines. Land-use changes indicate that groundwater withdrawals in Goshen Valley are possibly greater than estimated and simulated. It is also possible that irrigation methods, amount of diversions, or other factors have changed that are not simulated or that aquifer properties are incorrectly simulated. The model can be used for projections about the effects of future groundwater withdrawals and managed aquifer recharge in southern Utah Valley, but rapid changes in withdrawals and increasing withdrawals dramatically may reduce the accuracy of the predicted water-level and groundwater-budget changes. The model should not be used for projections in Goshen Valley until additional withdrawal and discharge data are collected and the model is recalibrated if necessary. Model projections indicate large drawdowns of up to 400 feet and complete cessation of natural discharge in some areas with potential future increases in water use. Simulated managed aquifer recharge counteracts those effects. Groundwater management examples indicate that drawdown could be less, and discharge at selected springs could be greater, with optimized groundwater withdrawals and managed aquifer recharge than without optimization. Recalibration to more recent stresses and seasonal stress periods, and collection of new withdrawal, stream, land-use, and discharge data could improve the model fit to water-level changes and the accuracy of predictions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131171","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southern Utah Valley Municipal Water Association","usgsCitation":"Brooks, L.E., 2013, Evaluation of the groundwater flow model for southern Utah and Goshen Valleys, Utah, updated to conditions through 2011, with new projections and groundwater management simulations: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1171, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131171.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"46","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277324,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131171.jpg"},{"id":277322,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1171/"},{"id":277323,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1171/pdf/ofr2013-1171.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Goshen Valley, Southern Utah Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112,39.5 ], [ -112,40.6 ], [ -111.16,40.6 ], [ -111.16,39.5 ], [ -112,39.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522999dfe4b0f33a3916774c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047993,"text":"sir20135162 - 2013 - Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in the southeastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T20:53:05","indexId":"sir20135162","displayToPublicDate":"2013-09-05T12:56:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5162","title":"Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in the southeastern United States","docAbstract":"A hydrologic model of the Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint River Basin (ACFB) has been developed as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center effort to provide integrated science that helps resource managers understand the effect of climate change on a range of ecosystem responses. The hydrologic model was developed as part of the Southeast Regional Assessment Project using the Precipitation Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a deterministic, distributed-parameter, process-based system that simulates the effects of precipitation, temperature, and land use on basin hydrology.\n\nThe ACFB PRMS model simulates streamflow throughout the approximately 50,700 square-kilometer basin on a daily time step for the period 1950–99 using gridded climate forcings of air temperature and precipitation, and parameters derived from spatial data layers of altitude, land cover, soils, surficial geology, depression storage (small water bodies), and data from 56 USGS streamgages. Measured streamflow data from 35 of the 56 USGS streamgages were used to calibrate and evaluate simulated basin streamflow; the remaining gage locations were used for model delineation only. The model matched measured daily streamflow at 31 of the 35 calibration gages with Nash-Sutcliffe Model Efficiency Index (NS) greater than 0.6. Streamflow data for some calibration gages were augmented for regulation and water use effects to represent more natural flow volumes. Time-static parameters describing land cover limited the ability of the simulation to match historical runoff in the more developed subbasins.\n\nOverall, the PRMS simulation of the ACFB provides a good representation of basin hydrology on annual and monthly time steps. Calibration subbasins were analyzed by separating the 35 subbasins into five classes based on physiography, land use, and stream type (tributary or mainstem). The lowest NS values were rarely below 0.6, whereas the median NS for all five classes was within 0.74 to 0.96 for annual mean streamflow, 0.89 to 0.98 for mean monthly streamflow, and 0.82 to 0.98 for monthly mean streamflow. The median bias for all five classes was within –4.3 to 0.8 percent for annual mean streamflow, –6.3 to 0.5 percent for mean monthly streamflow, and –9.3 to 1.3 percent for monthly mean streamflow. The NS results combined with the percent bias results indicated a good to very good streamflow volume simulation for all subbasins.\n\nThis simulation of the ACFB provides a foundation for future modeling and interpretive studies. Streamflow and other components of the hydrologic cycle simulated by PRMS can be used to inform other types of simulations; water-temperature, hydrodynamic, and ecosystem-dynamics simulations are three examples. In addition, possible future hydrologic conditions could be studied using this model in combination with land cover projections and downscaled general circulation model results.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135162","usgsCitation":"LaFontaine, J.H., Hay, L.E., Viger, R., Markstrom, S.L., Regan, R., Elliott, C.M., and Jones, J., 2013, Application of the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin in the southeastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5162, ix, 118 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135162.","productDescription":"ix, 118 p.","numberOfPages":"132","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277319,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135162.gif"},{"id":277318,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5162/pdf/sir2013-5162.pdf"},{"id":277317,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5162/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia","otherGeospatial":"Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.0336,29.6993 ], [ -86.0336,34.9286 ], [ -83.115,34.9286 ], [ -83.115,29.6993 ], [ -86.0336,29.6993 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"522999d0e4b0f33a39167748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaFontaine, Jacob H. 0000-0003-4923-2630 jlafonta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-2630","contributorId":2258,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaFontaine","given":"Jacob","email":"jlafonta@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Viger, Roland J.","contributorId":97528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viger","given":"Roland J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Markstrom, Steve L.","contributorId":50073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Regan, R. 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