In reply to the Critical Comment of R. K. Stoessell (this issue), limiting activity coefficients of bromide in halite (γNaBr) have been calculated by least-squares fitting of Simons et al.'s (1952) bromide distribution coefficient data for the Na(Cl,Br)-NaOH-H2O system at 35°C. Regular and subregular solidsolution model fits give γNaBr = 7.4 and γNaBr = 8.8, respectively. The Br contents of halite at equilibrium with seawater at initial halite saturation, calculated from the regular and subregular fits, are 17 ppm and 14 ppm, respectively. A survey of literature data for trace bromide in halite shows a wide spread in distribution coefficients, with lower values (DBr≈ 0.01) reported by Bloch and Schnerb (1953), Puchelt et al. (1972), and Lutz (1975), and higher values (DBr− ≈ 0.03) reported by Braitsch and Herrmann (1963), Kühn (1968), Herrmann (1972), Herrmann (1980), Mccaffrey et al. (1987), valiashko et al. (1976), Valiashko and Lavrova (1976), and Fontes (pers. commun., 1990). The measurement of stoichiometric saturation states for halite (or sylvite) with trace bromide mole-fractions is not practical, given the insensitivity of the measured solubilities on the bromide mole-fractions. Distribution coefficient measurements, with proof of thermodynamic equilibrium, need to be obtained instead, to conclusively determine the thermodynamic-mixing properties of both Na(Cl,Br) and K(Cl,Br) solidsolution series at very low mole-fractions of bromide. The applicability of the stoichiometric saturation concept to the interpretation of precipitation processes is questionable, primarily because the concept requires solid-solutions to behave as one-component solids with fixed composition. Lippmann diagrams are useful in depicting stoichiometric saturation, endmember saturation, and thermodynamic equilibrium states in binary-solid-solution aqueous-solution systems. Lippmann diagrams can contribute a better understanding of these systems, regardless of the concentration of the endmember components.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(92)90210-A","usgsCitation":"Glynn, P.D., Reardon, E.J., Plummer, N., and Busenberg, E., 1992, Reply to Dr. Stoesselfs comment on “Reaction paths and equilibrium end-points in solid-solution aqueous-solution systems”: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 56, no. 6, p. 2559-2572, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(92)90210-A.","productDescription":"14 p. ","startPage":"2559","endPage":"2572","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d38d60e4b0236b68f98f62","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glynn, Pierre D. 0000-0001-8804-7003 pglynn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8804-7003","contributorId":2141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glynn","given":"Pierre","email":"pglynn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reardon, Eric J.","contributorId":189679,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Reardon","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busenberg, Eurybiades ebusenbe@usgs.gov","contributorId":2271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Busenberg","given":"Eurybiades","email":"ebusenbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70209224,"text":"70209224 - 1992 - Seismicity and geometry of a 110‐km‐long blind thrust fault 1. The 1985 Kettleman Hills, California, earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-24T14:39:52","indexId":"70209224","displayToPublicDate":"1992-04-24T14:36:09","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity and geometry of a 110‐km‐long blind thrust fault 1. The 1985 Kettleman Hills, California, earthquake","docAbstract":"The August 4, 1985, Kettleman Hills earthquake was the third in a sequence of moderate shocks to occur beneath the northern half of a 110‐km‐long fold chain bounding the eastern California Coast Ranges. The 1982 MW =5.4 New Idria, 1983 MW=6.5 Coalinga, and 1985 MW=6.1 Kettleman Hills events define a southward progression of seismic activity beneath the fold. We use teleseismic waveforms, geodetic modeling, hypocenters relocated in a three‐dimensional velocity model, and subsurface structural data to investigate the Kettleman Hills earthquake. The main shock results from motion on a shallowly dipping thrust fault buried at ∼10 km depth. Aftershocks and coseismic fault slip extend 20 km along the fold axis, nearly the full extent of the Kettleman Hills North Dome anticline. Aftershocks occur primarily several kilometers in front of the fault tip and in the core of the anticline. The main shock and several foreshocks occurred at a 2‐km right step in the Quaternary fold axis, which also corresponds to the southern end of the 1983 Coalinga and northern end of the 1985 Kettleman Hills aftershock zones. From this we infer that the step in the fold is caused by an offset or tear in the underlying fault. The scalar seismic moment is 1.6 × 1018 N m, consistent with the geodetic deformation, and the duration of rupture is 16 s, 3–4 times greater than for the average earthquake with this scalar moment. The slow rate of moment release provides an explanation for the low level of ground shaking and low local magnitude reported for the event. The peak of the geodetic uplift is located 5 km perpendicular to the Quaternary fold axis. We argue that the fault is propagating northeast into the undeformed San Joaquin Valley sediments and that the overlying fold is growing at about 0.5 mm/yr.
Amplitude preservation in seismic reflection data can be obtained by a relative true amplitude (RTA) processing technique in which the relative strength of reflection amplitudes is preserved vertically as well as horizontally, after compensating for amplitude distortion by near-surface effects and propagation effects. Quantitative analysis of relative true amplitudes of the Great Lakes International Multidisciplinary Program on Crustal Evolution seismic data is hampered by large uncertainties in estimates of the water bottom reflection coefficient and the vertical amplitude correction and by inadequate noise suppression. Processing techniques such as deconvolution, F-K filtering, and migration significantly change the overall shape of amplitude curves and hence calculation of reflection coefficients and average reflectance. Thus lithological interpretation of deep crustal seismic data based on the absolute value of estimated reflection strength alone is meaningless. The relative strength of individual events, however, is preserved on curves generated at different stages in the processing. We suggest that qualitative comparisons of relative strength, if used carefully, provide a meaningful measure of variations in reflectivity. Simple theoretical models indicate that peg-leg multiples rather than water bottom multiples are the most severe source of noise contamination. These multiples are extremely difficult to remove when the water bottom reflection coefficient is large (>0.6), a condition that exists beneath parts of Lake Superior and most of Lake Huron.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1029/92JB00129","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., and Hutchinson, D.R., 1992, Limitations of quantitative analysis of deep crustal seismic reflection data: Examples from GLIMPCE: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 97, no. B4, p. 4705-4719, https://doi.org/10.1029/92JB00129.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"4705","endPage":"4719","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297282,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 41.21172151054787\n ],\n [\n -75.9375,\n 48.83579746243093\n ],\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 48.83579746243093\n ],\n [\n -93.1201171875,\n 41.21172151054787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"B4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2be4e4b08de9379b3552","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hutchinson, Deborah R. 0000-0002-2544-5466 dhutchinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2544-5466","contributorId":521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"Deborah","email":"dhutchinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5222953,"text":"5222953 - 1992 - Nonresponse patterns in the Federal Waterfowl Hunter Questionnaire Survey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-04T16:13:00.455895","indexId":"5222953","displayToPublicDate":"1992-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonresponse patterns in the Federal Waterfowl Hunter Questionnaire Survey","docAbstract":"I analyzed data from the 1984 and 1986 Federal Waterfowl Hunter Questionnaire Survey (WHQS) to estimate the rate of return of name and address contact cards, to evaluate the efficiency of the Survey's stratification scheme, and to investigate potential sources of bias due to nonresponse at the contact card and questionnaire stages of the Survey. Median response at the contact card stage was 0.200 in 1984 and 0.208 in 1986, but was lower than 0.100 for many sample post offices. Large portions of the intended sample contributed little to the final estimates in the Survey. Differences in response characteristics between post office size strata were detected, but size strata were confounded with contact card return rates; differences among geographic zones within states were more pronounced. Large biases in harvest and hunter activity due to nonresponse were not found; however, consistent smaller magnitude biases were found. Bias in estimates of the proportion of active hunters was the most pronounced effect of nonresponse. All of the sources of bias detected would produce overestimates of harvest and activity. Redesigning the WHQS, including use of a complete list of waterfowl hunters and resampling nonrespondents, would be needed to reduce nonresponse bias.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3808833","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, G.W., 1992, Nonresponse patterns in the Federal Waterfowl Hunter Questionnaire Survey: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 56, no. 2, p. 344-348, https://doi.org/10.2307/3808833.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"344","endPage":"348","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198138,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shear stress and bed roughness estimates for combined wave and current flows over a rippled bed","docAbstract":"High‐quality bottom boundary layer measurements and bottom photographs were obtained over a sand substrate during a 10‐day deployment of the GEOPROBE tripod at an inner shelf (35‐m water depth) location off northern California. The seafloor surrounding the tripod was composed of well‐sorted medium‐grained (mean diameter, 0.25 mm) sand which was formed into symmetrical wave ripples with heights of 3–4 cm and wavelengths of 22–30 cm. Mean velocity profiles in the region from 23 cm to 102 cm above the rippled bed were highly logarithmic (R > 0.95) approximately 30% of the time. Nineteen profiles exhibiting R > 0.997 were analyzed to obtain the shear velocity (U*c) and roughness length (Z0c) for the mean current. The near‐bottom flow field was composed of quasi‐steady currents (up to 12 cm s−1 at z = 102 cm) and wave‐induced, oscillatory currents (up to 14 cm s−1). The data‐derived estimates of U*c and Z0c were 0.3–0.93 cm s−1 and 0.82–1.5 cm, respectively. The mean shear estimates are 50–100% larger than those predicted using a drag coefficient (CD) of 3 × 10−3 that is typical for rough boundaries, and the roughness lengths are up to an order of magnitude larger than the maximum expected values based on the observed wave‐rippled bottom. These results indicate the importance of the combined flow turbulent interaction in producing a large apparent Z0c. However, comparison of the shear and roughness estimates derived from the velocity profile analysis to predictions made by the combined flow model of Grant and Madsen (1979) show that direct application of the wave‐ripple roughness equation of Grant and Madsen (1982) yields large overestimates of z0c and U*c. Selecting the physical roughness length kb(=30z0) that produced the best agreement with the data resulted in z0 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.43 cm. Moreover, a direct correlation exists between these physical roughness estimates and the angle (θcr) formed by the mean current and the trend of the wave ripple crests. A simple linear relationship between kb and θcr is suggested by our limited data set.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/91JC02764","usgsCitation":"Drake, D., Cacchione, D., and Grant, W., 1992, Shear stress and bed roughness estimates for combined wave and current flows over a rippled bed: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 97, no. C2, p. 2319-2326, https://doi.org/10.1029/91JC02764.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2319","endPage":"2326","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Continental Shelf","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.07409667968749,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -122.7008056640625,\n 38.13455657705411\n ],\n [\n -122.7008056640625,\n 39.05758374935667\n ],\n [\n -124.07409667968749,\n 39.05758374935667\n ],\n [\n -124.07409667968749,\n 38.13455657705411\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"C2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, D.E.","contributorId":48150,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drake","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":785603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grant, W.D.","contributorId":11764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grant","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5222973,"text":"5222973 - 1992 - Estimating transition probabilities for stage-based population projection matrices using capture-recapture data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T14:35:57.124064","indexId":"5222973","displayToPublicDate":"1992-02-01T12:18:06","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating transition probabilities for stage-based population projection matrices using capture-recapture data","docAbstract":"In stage—based demography, animals are often categorized into size (or mass) classes, and size—based probabilities of surviving and changing mass classes must be estimated before demographic analyses can be conducted. In this paper, we develop two procedures for the estimation of mass transition probabilities from capture—recapture data. The first approach uses a multistate capture—recapture model that is parameterized directly with the transition probabilities of interest. Maximum likelihood estimates are then obtained numerically using program SURVIV. The second approach involvesa modification of Pollock's robust design. Estimation proceeds by conditioning on animals caught in a particualr class at time i, and then using closed models to estimate the number of these that are alive in other classes at i + 1. Both methods are illustrated by application to meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus, capture—recapture data. The two methods produced reasonable estimates that were similar. Advantages of these two approaches include the directness of estimation, the absence of need for restrictive assumptions about the independence of survival and growth, the testability of assumptions, and the testability of related hypotheses of ecological interest (e.g., the hypothesis of temporal variation in transition probabilities).
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1938741","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., Sauer, J.R., Pollock, K.H., and Hestbeck, J.B., 1992, Estimating transition probabilities for stage-based population projection matrices using capture-recapture data: Ecology, v. 73, no. 1, p. 306-312, https://doi.org/10.2307/1938741.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"306","endPage":"312","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196374,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sauer, John R. 0000-0002-4557-3019 jrsauer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":146917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"John","email":"jrsauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":337603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":337602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hestbeck, Jay B. jay_hestbeck@usgs.gov","contributorId":4247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hestbeck","given":"Jay","email":"jay_hestbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":337604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70185783,"text":"70185783 - 1992 - Acoustic waveform logging: Advances in theory and application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-14T05:34:19","indexId":"70185783","displayToPublicDate":"1992-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2631,"text":"Log Analyst","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Acoustic waveform logging: Advances in theory and application","docAbstract":"Full-waveform acoustic logging has made significant advances in both theory and application in recent years, and these advances have greatly increased the capability of log analysts to measure the physical properties of formations. Advances in theory provide the analytical tools required to understand the properties of measured seismic waves, and to relate those properties to such quantities as shear and compressional velocity and attenuation, and primary and fracture porosity and permeability of potential reservoir rocks. The theory demonstrates that all parts of recorded waveforms are related to various modes of propagation, even in the case of dipole and quadrupole source logging. However, the theory also indicates that these mode properties can be used to design velocity and attenuation picking schemes, and shows how source frequency spectra can be selected to optimize results in specific applications. Synthetic microseismogram computations are an effective tool in waveform interpretation theory; they demonstrate how shear arrival picks and mode attenuation can be used to compute shear velocity and intrinsic attenuation, and formation permeability for monopole, dipole and quadrupole sources. Array processing of multi-receiver data offers the opportunity to apply even more sophisticated analysis techniques. Synthetic microseismogram data is used to illustrate the application of the maximum-likelihood method, semblance cross-correlation, and Prony's method analysis techniques to determine seismic velocities and attenuations. The interpretation of acoustic waveform logs is illustrated by reviews of various practical applications, including synthetic seismogram generation, lithology determination, estimation of geomechanical properties in situ, permeability estimation, and design of hydraulic fracture operations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F., Cheng, C., and Pennington, W., 1992, Acoustic waveform logging: Advances in theory and application: Log Analyst, v. 33, no. 3, p. 239-258.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"239","endPage":"258","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338524,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":362056,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75185"}],"volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58dcc81ee4b02ff32c685720","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, F.L.","contributorId":189369,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paillet","given":"F.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheng, C.H.","contributorId":94443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cheng","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pennington, W.D.","contributorId":189995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pennington","given":"W.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003410,"text":"1003410 - 1992 - Fyke-net and gill-net size selectivities for yellow perch in Green Bay, Lake Michigan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-28T16:58:12.892934","indexId":"1003410","displayToPublicDate":"1992-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fyke-net and gill-net size selectivities for yellow perch in Green Bay, Lake Michigan","docAbstract":"We estimated a fyke‐net selectivity function for yellow perch Perca flavescens in Green Bay, Lake Michigan, by comparing length‐frequency distributions of yellow perch captured in fyke nets with different mesh sizes in 1986. Using a length—girth relationship for Green Bay yellow perch, we expressed selectivity as the ratio of girth (G) to effective mesh perimeter (P), which was 5–7% less than nominal mesh perimeter. Then, fitting an existing gill‐net selectivity function to the Green Bay yellow perch fishery, we found fyke‐net and gill‐net selectivities were similar, with similar G /P ratios, but fyke nets had smaller effective mesh perimeters and thus were more efficient at capturing smaller yellow perch for any given mesh size, The derived fyke‐net selectivity function can be used to determine mesh sizes that minimize the sublegal catch of yellow perch in this fishery and could be applied to entrapment gear in other yellow perch fisheries, given data on the length–girth relationships and effective mesh perimeters.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1992)012<0230:FNAGNS>2.3.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Kraft, C., and Johnson, B., 1992, Fyke-net and gill-net size selectivities for yellow perch in Green Bay, Lake Michigan: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 12, no. 1, p. 230-236, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1992)012<0230:FNAGNS>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"236","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Green Bay","otherGeospatial":"Lake Michigan","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.03861528382518,\n 44.5806619990727\n ],\n [\n -88.03861528382518,\n 44.52036667216541\n ],\n [\n -87.93610890800826,\n 44.52036667216541\n ],\n [\n -87.93610890800826,\n 44.5806619990727\n ],\n [\n -88.03861528382518,\n 44.5806619990727\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"12","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b41f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kraft, Clifford E.","contributorId":275705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraft","given":"Clifford E.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":313248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Barry L.","contributorId":95009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Barry L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207943,"text":"70207943 - 1992 - Morphology of the island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T15:10:07","indexId":"70207943","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-20T14:46:42","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1728,"text":"GSA Today","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphology of the island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"Digital elevation data for the island of Hawaii from the U.S. Geographical Survey gridded at 30 m spacing was used to generate a slope map, a shaded relief map, and plots that compare slope and elevation for each of the five volcanoes that compose the island.These computer- generated products are useful in analyzing the morphology of the sland. The volcanoes become steeper with increasing age. The five volcanoes, in order of increasing age, are Kilauea, Mauna Lao, Hualalai, Mauna Kea and Kohala; their average slopes are 3.3, 5.4, 6.6, 7.0, and 11.3, respectively. This relation apparently results from growth of the late, steeper alkali cap on the older volcanoes that include more viscous, thicker flows, flows that are smaller hence tend to pile up more near the summit vents, and volatile- rich lavas that commonly produce steep sided cinder cones at summit vents. The cause of the gentler slopes of younger volcanoes include the high proportion of exposed fluid lava flows from the shield building stage, the ponding of lava against earlier volcanoes, and the grading of lava to sea level; subsidence of the older volcanoes have cause these gently dipping near-seas-level lava flows to subside below the sea. Finally, steep erosional canyons have developed in large areas of the older volcanoes (notably Kohala).
Virtually all of the major fault systems on the sland appear to be related to the upper parts of giant landslides, most of which are hidden below sea level on the submarine flanks of the volcanoes. These are generally normal faults in the tensional regime at the heads and upper parts of the landslides Subtle changes in slope hint at buried landslide related faults scarps that have been covered by subsequent lava flows.
Major erosional canyons are present in only two places, each presumed to be in the amphitheaters of the major landslides. The probably formed in this setting because steam erosion is favored by the steep sloped generated at the heads of landslides. The slope map clearly displays two bands of steep slope on Mauna Kea that mark the terminal moraines at the edges of the last two advances of the Pleistocene ice cap.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","usgsCitation":"Moore, J.G., and Mark, R., 1992, Morphology of the island of Hawaii: GSA Today, v. 2, no. 12, p. 257-262.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"262","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371397,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -156.23107910156247,\n 18.849111862024\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 18.849111862024\n ],\n [\n -154.775390625,\n 20.396123272467616\n ],\n [\n -156.23107910156247,\n 20.396123272467616\n ],\n [\n -156.23107910156247,\n 18.849111862024\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mark, Robert K.","contributorId":30648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mark","given":"Robert K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70127607,"text":"70127607 - 1992 - Geographic Variation in Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) from Northern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-30T14:21:55","indexId":"70127607","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T14:11:13","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3743,"text":"Western Birds","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic Variation in Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) from Northern North America","docAbstract":"The number of subspecies recognized in Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot (Cliff Swallow) from Alaska, Canada, and the northern contiguous United States ranges from one (Peters 1960) to three (e.g., Jewett et al. 1953, Oberholser, 1920, breeding from central Alaska to the central Great Basin, and two disjunct populations of nominate pyrrhonota, breeding on the west coast and east of the Rocky Mountains. Although various authors have reported measurements of wing chord, they have not provided quantitative data for other plumage characters, and they disagree in the characterizations and ranges of the subspecies they recognize. Because of this, I reviewed the geographic variation among the northern populations.
\nMy study is confined to specimens from Alaska, Canada, and the contigeous United States south to Merced County in California, both slopes of the Rocky Mountains from Montana and Colorado, and northern half of the eastern United States from Kansas east to Virginia (Figure 1). The A.O.U. (1957) gave the breeding range of hypopolia as extending from Alaska and Mackenzie to southeastern British Columbia, the eastern parts of Washington, Oregon, and central-eastern California, central Nevada, northern Utah, Montana, and northwestern Wyoming, and the range of nominate pyrhonota as from southwestern British Columbia, western Oregon and Washington to southern California, southern Nevada, southern and eastern Utag, and east of the Rocky Mountains. I excluded specimens of H. p. ganieri Phillips, 1986, a subspecies (Browning 1990) that breeds from at least west-central Tennessee to Texas, and H. p. tachina Oberholser, 1903 (sensu Phillips 1986), which breeds north to central California, Utah, Arizona, and new Mexico. I follow Phillips (1973) for the use of the generic name Hirundo for the Cliff Swallow, Hellmayr (1935) for the use of the specific name pyrrhonota.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Western Birds","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"California Field Ornithologists","publisherLocation":"Del Mar, CA","usgsCitation":"Browning, M.R., 1992, Geographic Variation in Hirundo pyrrhonota (Cliff Swallow) from Northern North America: Western Birds, v. 23, p. 21-29.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294668,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542bc637e4b0abfb4c8097fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, M. Ralph","contributorId":8528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":33212,"text":"b2021 - 1992 - Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":34226,"text":"b2021E - 1995 - Area adjacent to the Turkey Creek caldera, Cochise County, Arizona— Analytic data and geologic sample catalog","indexId":"b2021E","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"E","title":"Area adjacent to the Turkey Creek caldera, Cochise County, Arizona— Analytic data and geologic sample catalog"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33212,"text":"b2021 - 1992 - Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona","indexId":"b2021","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":47902,"text":"b2021A - 1992 - Fife Peak quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona: Analytic data and geologic sample catalog","indexId":"b2021A","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Fife Peak quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona: Analytic data and geologic sample catalog"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33212,"text":"b2021 - 1992 - Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona","indexId":"b2021","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona"},"id":2},{"subject":{"id":47903,"text":"b2021B - 1992 - Rustler Park quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona— Analytical data and geologic sample catalog","indexId":"b2021B","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Rustler Park quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona— Analytical data and geologic sample catalog"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33212,"text":"b2021 - 1992 - Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona","indexId":"b2021","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona"},"id":3},{"subject":{"id":47904,"text":"b2021C - 1993 - Chiricahua Peak quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona: Analytic data and geologic sample catalog","indexId":"b2021C","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Chiricahua Peak quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona: Analytic data and geologic sample catalog"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33212,"text":"b2021 - 1992 - Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona","indexId":"b2021","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona"},"id":4},{"subject":{"id":47905,"text":"b2021D - 1994 - Stanford Canyon quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona: Analytic data and geologic sample catalog","indexId":"b2021D","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","title":"Stanford Canyon quadrangle, Cochise County, Arizona: Analytic data and geologic sample catalog"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33212,"text":"b2021 - 1992 - Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona","indexId":"b2021","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona"},"id":5}],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T14:38:57","indexId":"b2021","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T14:02:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021","title":"Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona","docAbstract":"Geochemical data for, and availability of samples collected during geologic mapping of the quadrangle.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b2021","usgsCitation":"Du Bray, E., 1992, Geologic sampling of the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2021, https://doi.org/10.3133/b2021.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289235,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Chiricahua Mountains","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.446315,31.891925 ], [ -109.446315,31.967683 ], [ -109.318255,31.967683 ], [ -109.318255,31.891925 ], [ -109.446315,31.891925 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286ede4b07b8813a554ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Du Bray, E. A.","contributorId":22333,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Du Bray","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70127046,"text":"70127046 - 1992 - Assessment of habitat of wildlife communities on the Snake River, Jackson, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-25T13:56:30","indexId":"70127046","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T13:50:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Assessment of habitat of wildlife communities on the Snake River, Jackson, Wyoming","docAbstract":"The composition of the wildlife community in western riparian habitats is influenced by the horizontal and vertical distribution of vegetation, the physical complexity of the channel, and barriers to movement along the corridor. Based on information from the literature and a workshop, a model was developed to evaluate the wildlife community along the Snake River near Jackson, Wyoming. The model compares conditions of the current or future years with conditions in 1956, before constructions of levees along the river. Conditions in 1956 are assumed to approximate the desirable distribution of plant cover types and the associated wildlife community and are used as a standard of comparison in the model. The model may be applied with remotely sensed data and is compatible with a geographic information systems analysis. In addition to comparing existing or future conditions with conditions in 1956, the model evaluated floodplain and channel complexity and assesses anthropogenic disturbance and its potential effect on the quality of wildlife habitat and movements of wildlife in the riparian corridor.","largerWorkTitle":"Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication 190","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Schroeder, R.L., and Allen, A.W., 1992, Assessment of habitat of wildlife communities on the Snake River, Jackson, Wyoming, 21 p.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","city":"Jackson","otherGeospatial":"Snake River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.8135,43.4578 ], [ -110.8135,43.4912 ], [ -110.7377,43.4912 ], [ -110.7377,43.4578 ], [ -110.8135,43.4578 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54252ea0e4b0e641df8a6ea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schroeder, Richard L.","contributorId":10368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroeder","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Arthur W.","contributorId":40648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70202999,"text":"70202999 - 1992 - Comparison of algorithms for replacing missing data in discriminant analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T11:45:47","indexId":"70202999","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T11:44:39","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1282,"text":"Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of algorithms for replacing missing data in discriminant analysis","docAbstract":"We examined the impact of different methods for replacing missing data in discriminant analyses conducted on randomly generated samples from multivariate normal and non-normal distributions. The probabilities of correct classification were obtained for these discriminant analyses before and after randomly deleting data as well as after deleted data were replaced using: (1) variable means, (2) principal component projections, and (3) the EM algorithm. Populations compared were: (1) multivariate normal with covariance matrices ∑1=∑2, (2) multivariate normal with ∑1≠∑2 and (3) multivariate non-normal with ∑1=∑2. Differences in the probabilities of correct classification were most evident for populations with small Mahalanobis distances or high proportions of missing data. The three replacement methods performed similarly but all were better than non - replacement.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/03610929208830864","usgsCitation":"Twedt, D.J., and Gill, D., 1992, Comparison of algorithms for replacing missing data in discriminant analysis: Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, v. 21, no. 6, p. 1567-1578, https://doi.org/10.1080/03610929208830864.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1567","endPage":"1578","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362888,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Twedt, Daniel J. 0000-0003-1223-5045 dtwedt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1223-5045","contributorId":398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Twedt","given":"Daniel","email":"dtwedt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":760732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, D.S.","contributorId":214768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":760733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70243235,"text":"70243235 - 1992 - Enhancement and integration of airborne gamma-ray spectrometric and Landsat imagery for regolith mapping — Cape York Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T15:54:00.317072","indexId":"70243235","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T10:47:01","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1612,"text":"Exploration Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhancement and integration of airborne gamma-ray spectrometric and Landsat imagery for regolith mapping — Cape York Peninsula","docAbstract":"Airborne gamma-ray spectrometric data (400-m line spacing), gathered for the National Geoscience Mapping Accord North Queensland Project, has proved invaluable for differentiating regolith types based on their potassium, thorium and uranium signatures. The ability of the gamma-ray signal to penetrate the vegetation cover and as much as 40 cm below the surface was a considerable advantage in North Queensland, where traditional mapping techniques are hindered by the thick vegetation cover and where deeply weathered sandy soils frequently mask underlying geology.
Two image-processing techniques were used to enhance the gamma-ray data and integrate them with Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data. Firstly, a sun-angle illuminated high-pass filtered component (hillshade) of the gamma-ray image was added to a three-band false-colour composite image of the corrected gamma-ray data. The hillshade component highlighted local changes in the gamma-ray signal which related to changes in regolith materials and lithology, and sharpened boundaries associated with geomorphic features. Secondly, the gamma-ray image was integrated (pixel by pixel) with the high-frequency component of the corresponding TM band 5 scene. This allowed the imagery to be interpreted in a geomorphological and structural context.
Broad lithological divisions and structural domains were identified in the imagery, but most of the variation within these groups relates to the regolith cover and to geomorphic features in the landscape. Subtle variations in lithology were effectively interpreted only when the responses of the regolith cover are known. The gamma-ray imagery provided an insight into the weathering and geomorphic history of the region. In addition, the imagery can also be interpreted as a ‘geomorphic activity map’, separating stable landforms with deep weathering from younger landforms with active erosion and stripping of the surficial cover. This allows past and present geomorphic processes to be interpreted from the imagery, which in turn provides more informed extrapolation of field results and prediction of regolith types.
The imagery was highly useful for basement and regolith mapping. There is considerable potential for assisting with interpretation of both stream-sediment geochemical data and environmental studies, since the resulting imagery effectively maps the distribution of sediments in the landscape, and identifies areas of erosion and land degradation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1071/EG992441","usgsCitation":"Wilford, J.R., Pain, C.F., and Dohrenwend, J.C., 1992, Enhancement and integration of airborne gamma-ray spectrometric and Landsat imagery for regolith mapping — Cape York Peninsula: Exploration Geophysics, v. 23, no. 1-2, p. 441-445, https://doi.org/10.1071/EG992441.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"441","endPage":"445","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416722,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Australia","state":"Queensland","otherGeospatial":"Cape York","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 140.16394788242775,\n -17.544272748662053\n ],\n [\n 143.32437044240226,\n -18.62129837815519\n ],\n [\n 146.25779792286647,\n -18.00024379957594\n ],\n [\n 146.3397927476505,\n -17.718815134836788\n ],\n [\n 146.0457291178991,\n -17.033746681031374\n ],\n [\n 145.64673992920774,\n -16.438836825862637\n ],\n [\n 145.4839162218467,\n -14.968841735888873\n ],\n [\n 144.7658356349835,\n -14.403990088831591\n ],\n [\n 144.47484319481413,\n -14.003182006252729\n ],\n [\n 143.92693655513642,\n -14.328369422823386\n ],\n [\n 143.5677300427131,\n -12.776070853683976\n ],\n [\n 142.88870982287847,\n -11.169031122893855\n ],\n [\n 142.43164719584388,\n -10.126485777938043\n ],\n [\n 141.99648952296758,\n -9.951792414381273\n ],\n [\n 141.8659163757659,\n -11.603593613127757\n ],\n [\n 141.3862923783371,\n -12.461356951114226\n ],\n [\n 141.31844192493054,\n -13.804806829095313\n ],\n [\n 141.40434417920937,\n -14.506227565836568\n ],\n [\n 141.40272353926105,\n -15.10054777201644\n ],\n [\n 141.1786585598378,\n -16.034230492216295\n ],\n [\n 140.77339930246842,\n -16.948321916253477\n ],\n [\n 140.7250037788868,\n -17.375342399844328\n ],\n [\n 140.16394788242775,\n -17.544272748662053\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2018-12-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilford, J. R.","contributorId":304799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilford","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pain, C. F.","contributorId":304800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pain","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dohrenwend, J. C.","contributorId":40960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dohrenwend","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":871648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70127888,"text":"70127888 - 1992 - Use of remote sensing and GIS to identify Flamingo habitat in the Argentine Altiplano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T00:33:44.930956","indexId":"70127888","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T10:27:50","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1121,"text":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of remote sensing and GIS to identify Flamingo habitat in the Argentine Altiplano","docAbstract":"The Argentine altiplano is a remote area which has never been adequately mapped. It is an arid region with harsh climate, little vegetation, sparse population, and an average elevation of over 3,500 feet. Little is known about the large populations of three species of flamingos which nest and feed in the altiplano lakes. In a study funded by the National Geographic Society satellite data (Landsat MSS and TM data) were used to map the location of major water bodies and to analyze the spectral characteristics of the aquatic ecosystems in the altiplano. A comparison of the two images revealed dramatic changes in the size, depth, and spectral reflectance of the lakes utilized by the flamingos.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Boyle, S.C., Hoffer, R.M., Boyle, T.P., and Bucher, E.H., 1992, Use of remote sensing and GIS to identify Flamingo habitat in the Argentine Altiplano: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v. 73, no. 2, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","numberOfPages":"1","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"Altiplano","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e698de4b092f17df5ab0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyle, Susan C.","contributorId":16768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoffer, Roger M.","contributorId":67025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffer","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, Terence P.","contributorId":79037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Terence","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bucher, Enrique H.","contributorId":10349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucher","given":"Enrique","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70127872,"text":"70127872 - 1992 - Use of ecological data in the defense of natural resources in parks and protected areas: Scientific, legal, and social strategies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-07T11:52:48.7331","indexId":"70127872","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T09:08:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1121,"text":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Use of ecological data in the defense of natural resources in parks and protected areas: Scientific, legal, and social strategies","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","usgsCitation":"Boyle, T.P., and Hoefs, N.J., 1992, Use of ecological data in the defense of natural resources in parks and protected areas: Scientific, legal, and social strategies: Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, v. 73, no. 2, p. 118-119.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"118","endPage":"119","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":294754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542e698ce4b092f17df5aafc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boyle, T. P.","contributorId":89771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoefs, N. J.","contributorId":60084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoefs","given":"N.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":502557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017030,"text":"70017030 - 1992 - Origin of stratiform sediment-hosted manganese carbonate ore deposits: Examples from Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-20T20:26:56","indexId":"70017030","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Origin of stratiform sediment-hosted manganese carbonate ore deposits: Examples from Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China","docAbstract":"Carbonate and sulfide minerals from the Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China, Mn deposits display similar and distinctive ??34S and ??13C patterns in intervals of manganese carbonate mineralization. ??13C-values for Mn-bearing carbonate range from -17.8 to +0.5??? (PDB), with the most negative values occurring in high-grade ore zones that are composed predominantly of rhodochrosite. In contrast, calcite from below, within and above Mn-carbonate zones at Molango has ??13C???0??? (PDB). Markedly negative ??13C data indicate that a large proportion of the carbon in Mn-carbonates was derived from organic matter oxidation. Diagenetic reactions using MnO2 and SO2-4 to oxidize sedimentary organic matter were the principle causes of such 12C enrichment. Pyrite content and sulfide ?? 34S-values also show distinctive variations. In unmineralized rocks, very negative ??34S-values (avg. < -21??? CDT) and abundant pyrite content suggest that pyrite formed from diagenetic, bacteriogenic sulfate reduction. In contrast, Mn-bearing horizons typically contain only trace amounts of pyrite (e.g., <0.5 wt% S with ??34S-values 34S-enriched, in some cases to nearly the value for contemporaneous seawater. 34S-enriched pyrite from the Mn-carbonate intervals indicates sulfide precipitation in an environment that underwent extensive SO2-4 reduction, and was largely a closed system with regard to exchange of sulfate and dissolved sulfide with normal seawater. The occasional occurrence of 34S-depleted pyrite within Mn-carbonate zones dominated by 34S-enriched pyrite is evidence that closed-system conditions were intermittent and limited to local pore waters and did not involve entire sedimentary basins. Mn-carbonate precipitation may have occluded porosity in the surficial sediments, thus establishing an effective barrier to SO2-4 exchange with overlying seawater. Similar isotopic and mineralogic characteristics from both the Molango and TaoJiang deposits, widely separated in geologic time and space, suggest they were formed similarly by MnO2 precipitation at the margins of dysaerobic to anoxic marine basins. Mn-carbonate formed predominantly by early-diagenetic reduction of Mn-oxides via oxidation of organic matter in near-surface sediments. In addition to MnCO3 precipitation, organic matter oxidation reactions resulted in oxidation of FeS to Fe-oxides such as magnetite, maghemite and hematite. The latter process explains anomalously low pyrite content and abundant Fe-oxide minerals in ore zones dominated by rhodochrosite. ?? 1992.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(92)90036-5","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Okita, P., and Shanks, W.C., 1992, Origin of stratiform sediment-hosted manganese carbonate ore deposits: Examples from Molango, Mexico, and TaoJiang, China: Chemical Geology, v. 99, no. 1-3, p. 139-163, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90036-5.","startPage":"139","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":266067,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90036-5"}],"volume":"99","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a70f3e4b0c8380cd7636c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Okita, P.M.","contributorId":63031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okita","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanks, Wayne C. III","contributorId":100527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanks","given":"Wayne","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":375196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017291,"text":"70017291 - 1992 - Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest, Idaho/Montana: Part I-Estimation of the copper and silver endowments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:48","indexId":"70017291","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2879,"text":"Nonrenewable Resources","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest, Idaho/Montana: Part I-Estimation of the copper and silver endowments","docAbstract":"Faced with an ever-increasing diversity of demand for the use of public lands, managers and planners are turning more often to a multiple-use approach to meet those demands. This approach requires the uses to be mutually compatible and to utilize the more valuable attributes or resource values of the land. Therefore, it is imperative that planners be provided with all available information on attribute and resource values in a timely fashion and in a format that facilitates a comparative evaluation. The Kootenai National Forest administration enlisted the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines to perform a quantitative assessment of future copper/silver production potential within the forest from sediment-hosted copper deposits in the Revett Formation that are similar to those being mined at the Troy Mine near Spar Lake. The U.S. Geological Survey employed a quantitative assessment technique that compared the favorable host terrane in the Kootenai area with worldwide examples of known sediment-hosted copper deposits. The assessment produced probabilistic estimates of the number of undiscovered deposits that may be present in the area and of the copper and silver endowment that might be contained in them. Results of the assessment suggest that the copper/silver deposit potential is highest in the southwestern one-third of the forest. In this area there is an estimated 50 percent probability of at least 50 additional deposits occurring mostly within approximately 260,000 acres where the Revett Formation is thought to be present in the subsurface at depths of less than 1,500 meters. A Monte Carlo type simulation using data on the grade and tonnage characteristics of other known silver-rich, sediment-hosted copper deposits predicts a 50 percent probability that these undiscovered deposits will contain at least 19 million tonnes of copper and 100,000 tonnes of silver. Combined with endowments estimated for identified, but not thoroughly explored deposits, and deposits that might also occur in the remaining area of the forest, the endowment potential increases to 23 million tonnes of copper and 190,000 tonnes of silver. ?? 1992 Oxford University Press.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nonrenewable Resources","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF01782270","issn":"09611444","usgsCitation":"Spanski, G., 1992, Quantitative assessment of future development of cooper/silver resources in the Kootenai National Forest, Idaho/Montana: Part I-Estimation of the copper and silver endowments: Nonrenewable Resources, v. 1, no. 2, p. 163-183, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01782270.","startPage":"163","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205559,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782270"},{"id":224831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9206e4b0c8380cd805e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spanski, G.T.","contributorId":29842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spanski","given":"G.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016718,"text":"70016718 - 1992 - Public-domain-software solution to data-access problems for numerical modelers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016718","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Public-domain-software solution to data-access problems for numerical modelers","docAbstract":"Unidata's network Common Data Form, netCDF, provides users with an efficient set of software for scientific-data-storage, retrieval, and manipulation. The netCDF file format is machine-independent, direct-access, self-describing, and in the public domain, thereby alleviating many problems associated with accessing output from large hydrodynamic models. NetCDF has programming interfaces in both the Fortran and C computer language with an interface to C++ planned for release in the future. NetCDF also has an abstract data type that relieves users from understanding details of the binary file structure; data are written and retrieved by an intuitive, user-supplied name rather than by file position. Users are aided further by Unidata's inclusion of the Common Data Language, CDL, a printable text-equivalent of the contents of a netCDF file. Unidata provides numerous operators and utilities for processing netCDF files. In addition, a number of public-domain and proprietary netCDF utilities from other sources are available at this time or will be available later this year. The U.S. Geological Survey has produced and is producing a number of public-domain netCDF utilities.","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling","conferenceDate":"13 November 1992 through 15 November 1992","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, United States","isbn":"0872628612","usgsCitation":"Jenter, H., and Signell, R., 1992, Public-domain-software solution to data-access problems for numerical modelers, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling, Tampa, FL, USA, 13 November 1992 through 15 November 1992, p. 72-82.","startPage":"72","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224892,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8febe4b0c8380cd7fa25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jenter, Harry","contributorId":36299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jenter","given":"Harry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Signell, Richard","contributorId":73623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70017317,"text":"70017317 - 1992 - The Galileo Solid-State Imaging experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70017317","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3454,"text":"Space Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Galileo Solid-State Imaging experiment","docAbstract":"The Solid State Imaging (SSI) experiment on the Galileo Orbiter spacecraft utilizes a high-resolution (1500 mm focal length) television camera with an 800 ?? 800 pixel virtual-phase, charge-coupled detector. It is designed to return images of Jupiter and its satellites that are characterized by a combination of sensitivity levels, spatial resolution, geometric fiedelity, and spectral range unmatched by imaging data obtained previously. The spectral range extends from approximately 375 to 1100 nm and only in the near ultra-violet region (??? 350 nm) is the spectral coverage reduced from previous missions. The camera is approximately 100 times more sensitive than those used in the Voyager mission, and, because of the nature of the satellite encounters, will produce images with approximately 100 times the ground resolution (i.e., ??? 50 m lp-1) on the Galilean satellites. We describe aspects of the detector including its sensitivity to energetic particle radiation and how the requirements for a large full-well capacity and long-term stability in operating voltages led to the choice of the virtual phase chip. The F/8.5 camera system can reach point sources of V(mag) ??? 11 with S/N ??? 10 and extended sources with surface brightness as low as 20 kR in its highest gain state and longest exposure mode. We describe the performance of the system as determined by ground calibration and the improvements that have been made to the telescope (same basic catadioptric design that was used in Mariner 10 and the Voyager high-resolution cameras) to reduce the scattered light reaching the detector. The images are linearly digitized 8-bits deep and, after flat-fielding, are cosmetically clean. Information 'preserving' and 'non-preserving' on-board data compression capabilities are outlined. A special \"summation\" mode, designed for use deep in the Jovian radiation belts, near Io, is also described. The detector is 'preflashed' before each exposure to ensure the photometric linearity. The dynamic range is spread over 3 gain states and an exposure range from 4.17 ms to 51.2 s. A low-level of radial, third-order, geometric distortion has been measured in the raw images that is entirely due to the optical design. The distortion is of the pincushion type and amounts to about 1.2 pixels in the corners of the images. It is expected to be very stable. We discuss the measurement objectives of the SSI experiment in the Jupiter system and emphasize their relationships to those of other experiments in the Galileo project. We outline objectives for Jupiter atmospheric science, noting the relationship of SSI data to that to be returned by experiments on the atmospheric entry Probe. We also outline SSI objectives for satellite surfaces, ring structure, and 'darkside' (e.g., aurorae, lightning, etc.) experiments. Proposed cruise measurement objectives that relate to encounters at Venus, Moon, Earth, Gaspra, and, possibly, Ida are also briefly outlined. The article concludes with a description of a 'fully distributed' data analysis system (HIIPS) that SSI team members intend to use at their home institutions. We also list the nature of systematic data products that will become available to the scientific community. Finally, we append a short 'historical' note outlining the responsibilities and roles of institutions and individuals that have been involved in the 14 year development of the SSI experiment so far. ?? 1992 Kluwer Academic Publishers.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Space Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1007/BF00216864","issn":"00386308","usgsCitation":"Belton, M.J., Klaasen, K., Clary, M., Anderson, J.L., Anger, C., Carr, M.H., Chapman, C.R., Davies, M.E., Greeley, R., Anderson, D., Bolef, L., Townsend, T., Greenberg, R., Head, J.W., Neukum, G., Pilcher, C., Veverka, J., Gierasch, P., Fanale, F.P., Ingersoll, A., Masursky, H., Morrison, D., and Pollack, J.B., 1992, The Galileo Solid-State Imaging experiment: Space Science Reviews, v. 60, no. 1-4, p. 413-455, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00216864.","startPage":"413","endPage":"455","numberOfPages":"43","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205492,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216864"},{"id":224494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba741e4b08c986b321470","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belton, M. J. S.","contributorId":79223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belton","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klaasen, K.P.","contributorId":56806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klaasen","given":"K.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clary, M.C.","contributorId":70932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clary","given":"M.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Anderson, J. L.","contributorId":103240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anger, C.D.","contributorId":84514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anger","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":376110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chapman, C. R.","contributorId":12984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Davies, M. E.","contributorId":26050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davies","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Greeley, R.","contributorId":6538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greeley","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Anderson, D.","contributorId":9211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Bolef, L.K.","contributorId":51603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bolef","given":"L.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Townsend, T.E.","contributorId":104774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Greenberg, R.","contributorId":26778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenberg","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Head, J. W. III","contributorId":106267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Head","given":"J.","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Neukum, G.","contributorId":105443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neukum","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Pilcher, C.B.","contributorId":31917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Veverka, J.","contributorId":71689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veverka","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Gierasch, P.J.","contributorId":9005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gierasch","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Fanale, F. P.","contributorId":24925,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fanale","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Ingersoll, A.P.","contributorId":54735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ingersoll","given":"A.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Masursky, H.","contributorId":33823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masursky","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21},{"text":"Morrison, D.","contributorId":98015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrison","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":22},{"text":"Pollack, James B.","contributorId":12616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollack","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":376096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":23}]}} ,{"id":70016829,"text":"70016829 - 1992 - Analysis of geomagnetic secular variation during 1980-1985 and 1985- 1990, and geomagnetic models proposed for the 1991 revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-24T11:15:40.730401","indexId":"70016829","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2310,"text":"Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of geomagnetic secular variation during 1980-1985 and 1985- 1990, and geomagnetic models proposed for the 1991 revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field","docAbstract":"The secular variation of the main geomagnetic field during the periods 1980-1985 and 1985-1990 was analyzed in terms of spherical harmonics up to the eighth degree and order. Data from worldwide magnetic observatories and the Navy's Project MAGNET aerial surveys were used. The resulting pair of secular-variation models was used to update the Definitive Geomagnetic Reference Field (DGRF) model for 1980, resulting in new main-field models for 1985.0 and 1990.0. These, along with the secular-variation model for 1985-1990, were proposed for the 1991 revision of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF).
The ability of borehole temperature data to resolve past climatic events is investigated using Backus-Gilbert inversion methods. Two experimental approaches are considered: (1) the data consist of a single borehole temperature profile, and (2) the data consist of climatically-induced temperature transients measured within a borehole during a monitoring experiment. The sensitivity of the data's resolving power to the vertical distribution of the measurements, temperature measurement errors, the inclusion of a local meteorological record, and the duration of a monitoring experiment, are investigated. The results can be used to help interpret existing surface temperature histories derived from borehole temperature data and to optimize future experiments for the detection of climatic signals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0921-8181(92)90027-8","usgsCitation":"Clow, G.D., 1992, The extent of temporal smearing in surface-temperature histories derived from borehole temperature measurements: Global and Planetary Change, v. 6, no. 2-4, p. 81-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-8181(92)90027-8.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225032,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505babf1e4b08c986b323187","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":374617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016849,"text":"70016849 - 1992 - Classifying and mapping wetlands and peat resources using digital cartography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:52","indexId":"70016849","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Classifying and mapping wetlands and peat resources using digital cartography","docAbstract":"Digital cartography allows the portrayal of spatial associations among diverse data types and is ideally suited for land use and resource analysis. We have developed methodology that uses digital cartography for the classification of wetlands and their associated peat resources and applied it to a 1:24 000 scale map area in New Hampshire. Classifying and mapping wetlands involves integrating the spatial distribution of wetlands types with depth variations in associated peat quality and character. A hierarchically structured classification that integrates the spatial distribution of variations in (1) vegetation, (2) soil type, (3) hydrology, (4) geologic aspects, and (5) peat characteristics has been developed and can be used to build digital cartographic files for resource and land use analysis. The first three parameters are the bases used by the National Wetlands Inventory to classify wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. The fourth parameter, geological aspects, includes slope, relief, depth of wetland (from surface to underlying rock or substrate), wetland stratigraphy, and the type and structure of solid and unconsolidated rock surrounding and underlying the wetland. The fifth parameter, peat characteristics, includes the subsurface variation in ash, acidity, moisture, heating value (Btu), sulfur content, and other chemical properties as shown in specimens obtained from core holes. These parameters can be shown as a series of map data overlays with tables that can be integrated for resource or land use analysis.","largerWorkTitle":"ASTM Special Technical Publication","conferenceTitle":"International Symposium on Mapping and Geographic Information Systems","conferenceDate":"21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASTM","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA, United States","issn":"10403094","usgsCitation":"Cameron, C., and Emery, D.A., 1992, Classifying and mapping wetlands and peat resources using digital cartography, in ASTM Special Technical Publication, no. 1126, San Francisco, CA, USA, 21 June 1990 through 22 June 1990, p. 195-206.","startPage":"195","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224512,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"1126","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f631e4b0c8380cd4c5ec","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, Cornelia C.","contributorId":103002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"Cornelia C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emery, David A.","contributorId":107437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emery","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016660,"text":"70016660 - 1992 - Mount St. Helens a decade after the 1980 eruptions: magmatic models, chemical cycles, and a revised hazards assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:50","indexId":"70016660","displayToPublicDate":"1992-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mount St. Helens a decade after the 1980 eruptions: magmatic models, chemical cycles, and a revised hazards assessment","docAbstract":"Available geophysical and geologic data provide a simplified model of the current magmatic plumbing system of Mount St. Helens (MSH). This model and new geochemical data are the basis for the revised hazards assessment presented here. The assessment is weighted by the style of eruptions and the chemistry of magmas erupted during the past 500 years, the interval for which the most detailed stratigraphic and geochemical data are available. This interval includes the Kalama (A. D. 1480-1770s?), Goat Rocks (A.D. 1800-1857), and current eruptive periods. In each of these periods, silica content decreased, then increased. The Kalama is a large amplitude chemical cycle (SiO2: 57%-67%), produced by mixing of arc dacite, which is depleted in high field-strength and incompatible elements, with enriched (OIB-like) basalt. The Goat Rocks and current cycles are of small amplitude (SiO2: 61%-64% and 62%-65%) and are related to the fluid dynamics of magma withdrawal from a zoned reservoir. The cyclic behavior is used to forecast future activity. The 1980-1986 chemical cycle, and consequently the current eruptive period, appears to be virtually complete. This inference is supported by the progressively decreasing volumes and volatile contents of magma erupted since 1980, both changes that suggest a decreasing potential for a major explosive eruption in the near future. However, recent changes in seismicity and a series of small gas-release explosions (beginning in late 1989 and accompanied by eruption of a minor fraction of relatively low-silica tephra on 6 January and 5 November 1990) suggest that the current eruptive period may continue to produce small explosions and that a small amount of magma may still be present within the conduit. The gas-release explosions occur without warning and pose a continuing hazard, especially in the crater area. An eruption as large or larger than that of 18 May 1980 (???0.5 km3 dense-rock equivalent) probably will occur only if magma rises from an inferred deep (???7 km), relative large (5-7 km3) reservoir. A conservative approach to hazard assessment is to assume that this deep magma is rich in volatiles and capable of erupting explosively to produce voluminous fall deposits and pyroclastic flows. Warning of such an eruption is expectable, however, because magma ascent would probably be accompanied by shallow seismicity that could be detected by the existing seismic-monitoring system. A future large-volume eruption (???0.1 km3) is virtually certain; the eruptive history of the past 500 years indicates the probability of a large explosive eruption is at least 1% annually. Intervals between large eruptions at Mount St. Helens have varied widely; consequently, we cannot confidently forecast whether the next large eruption will be years decades, or farther in the future. However, we can forecast the types of hazards, and the areas that will be most affected by future large-volume eruptions, as well as hazards associated with the approaching end of the current eruptive period. ?? 1992 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00278003","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Pallister, J., Hoblitt, R., Crandell, D.R., and Mullineaux, D.R., 1992, Mount St. Helens a decade after the 1980 eruptions: magmatic models, chemical cycles, and a revised hazards assessment: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 54, no. 2, p. 126-146, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00278003.","startPage":"126","endPage":"146","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205552,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278003"},{"id":224796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5ea5e4b0c8380cd70ba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pallister, J.S.","contributorId":46534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pallister","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoblitt, R.","contributorId":89536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoblitt","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crandell, D. R.","contributorId":78385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mullineaux, D. R.","contributorId":64248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mullineaux","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":374158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}