{"pageNumber":"141","pageRowStart":"3500","pageSize":"25","recordCount":6233,"records":[{"id":44613,"text":"wri024243 - 2002 - Ground-water quality in the Santa Ana Watershed, California: Overview and data summary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T21:22:51.274318","indexId":"wri024243","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4243","title":"Ground-water quality in the Santa Ana Watershed, California: Overview and data summary","docAbstract":"Water-quality samples were collected from 207 wells in the Santa Ana Basin in the Coastal Range Province of southern California to assess the occurrence and distribution of dissolved constituents in ground water as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program. These wells were sampled during eight studies from 1999 to 2001 that were designed to sample the used water resource at different scales: (1) three studies characterized water quality at a regional scale; (2) two studies focused on spatial and temporal variations in water quality along flow paths; (3) a land-use study focused on evaluation of water quality in shallow ground water; and (4) two studies assessed aquifer susceptibility to contamination. The Santa Ana Basin is divided into the Coastal Basin, the Inland Basin, and the San Jacinto Basin. The Coastal Basin includes a relatively small unconfined recharge area and a relatively large confined area where ground-water pumping is the primary source of discharge. Land use is almost entirely urban. The Inland Basin is predominantly unconfined and land use is urban and agricultural. The San Jacinto Basin is largely unconfined and land use is mostly agricultural. Water-quality data discussed in this report are compared with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) drinking-water standards, both primary and secondary. Most exceedances of maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) occurred in the shallow, coastal monitoring wells that tap ground water not used for water supply. Water from several irrigation wells in the Inland and San Jacinto basins exceeded the 10 mg/L (milligrams per liter) MCL for nitrate. Water from some wells exceeded secondary MCLs for manganese (50 ?g/L [micrograms per liter]) and iron (300 ?g/L) and (or) proposed MCLs for arsenic (10 ?g/L) and uranium (30 ?g/L). Of the 94 production wells sampled for trace elements, 3 irrigation wells in the Coastal Basin produced water that exceeded the secondary MCL for manganese. Water from production wells sampled in all three subbasins exceeded the proposed MCL for radon (300 pCi/L [picocuries per liter]). Pesticides were detected above the laboratory reporting limit (LRL) in 50 percent of the production and monitoring wells sampled in the Santa Ana Basin. Deethylatrazine, simazine, atrazine, tebuthiuron, and prometon were the five most commonly detected pesticides in the current USGS studies. All pesticide concentrations detected in these studies were below MCLs established by the EPA. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in 115 wells (56 percent) of the 207 wells sampled. Of the 38 VOCs detected, only 13 were detected in more than five wells. The most commonly detected VOCs, in order of detection frequency, were chloroform; trichloroethlyene, TCE; 1,1,1-trichloroethane, TCA; trichlorofluoromethane, CFC 11; 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, CFC 113; tetrachloroethylene, PCE; bromodichloromethane; methyl tert-butyl ether, MTBE; 1,1-dichloroethene, 1-1-DCE; and 1,2- dichloroethene, 1,2-DCE. The only exceedances of EPA MCLs for VOCs occurred in six irrigation wells and in two deep monitoring wells sampled in the Inland Basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri024243","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., Belitz, K., Kraja, S., and Dawson, B., 2002, Ground-water quality in the Santa Ana Watershed, California: Overview and data summary: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4243, xi, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024243.","productDescription":"xi, 137 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":396202,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_54424.htm"},{"id":168157,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3715,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024243/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Santa Ana watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.1289,\n              33.5575\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5567,\n              33.5575\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.5567,\n              34.3806\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.1289,\n              34.3806\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.1289,\n              33.5575\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae2a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, Scott N.","contributorId":27040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230107,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraja, Sarah","contributorId":96332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraja","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dawson, Barbara 0000-0002-0209-8158","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0209-8158","contributorId":14490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Barbara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":44614,"text":"wri024182 - 2002 - Investigation of water quality and aquatic-community structure in Village and Valley Creeks, City of Birmingham, Jefferson County, Alabama, 2000-01","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:05","indexId":"wri024182","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4182","title":"Investigation of water quality and aquatic-community structure in Village and Valley Creeks, City of Birmingham, Jefferson County, Alabama, 2000-01","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey conducted a 16-month investigation of water quality, aquatic-community structure, bed sediment, and fish tissue in Village and Valley Creeks, two urban streams that drain areas of highly intensive residential, commercial, and industrial land use in Birmingham, Alabama. Water-quality data were collected between February 2000 and March 2001 at four sites on Village Creek, three sites on Valley Creek, and at two reference sites near Birmingham?Fivemile Creek and Little Cahaba River, both of which drain less-urbanized areas. Stream samples were analyzed for major ions, nutrients, fecal bacteria, trace and major elements, pesticides, and selected organic constituents. Bed-sediment and fish-tissue samples were analyzed for trace and major elements, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and additional organic compounds. Aquatic-community structure was evaluated by conducting one survey of the fish community and in-stream habitat and two surveys of the benthic-invertebrate community. Bed-sediment and fish-tissue samples, benthic-invertebrates, and habitat data were collected between June 2000 and October 2000 at six of the nine water-quality sites; fish communities were evaluated in April and May 2001 at the six sites where habitat and benthic-invertebrate data were collected. The occurrence and distribution of chemical constituents in the water column and bed sediment provided an initial assessment of water quality in the streams. The structure of the aquatic communities, the physical condition of the fish, and the chemical analyses of fish tissue provided an indication of the cumulative effects of water quality on the aquatic biota. Water chemistry was similar at all sites, characterized by strong calcium-bicarbonate component and magnesium components. Median concentrations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus were highest at the headwaters of Valley Creek and lowest at the reference site on Fivemile Creek. In Village Creek, median concentrations of nitrite and ammonia increased in a downstream direction. In Valley Creek, median concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, organic nitrogen, suspended phosphorus, and orthophosphate decreased in a downstream direction. Median concentrations of Escherichia coli and fecal coliform bacteria were highest at the most upstream site of Valley Creek and lowest at the reference site on Fivemile Creek. Concentrations of enterococci exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency criterion in 80 percent of the samples; concentrations of Escherichia coli exceeded the criterion in 56 percent of the samples. Concentrations of bacteria at the downstream sites on Village and Valley Creeks were elevated during high flow rather than low flow, indicating the presence of nonpoint sources. Surface-water samples were analyzed for chemical compounds that are commonly found in wastewater and urban runoff. The median number of wastewater indicators was highest at the most upstream site on Valley Creek and lowest at the reference site on Fivemile Creek. Concentrations of total recoverable cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in surface water exceeded acute and chronic aquatic life criteria in up to 24 percent of the samples that were analyzed for trace and major elements. High concentrations of trace and major elements in the water column were detected most frequently during high flow, indicating the presence of nonpoint sources. Of the 24 pesticides detected in surface water, 17 were herbicides and 7 were insecticides. Atrazine, simazine, and prometon were the most commonly detected herbicides; diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and carbaryl were the most commonly detected insecticides. Concentrations of atrazine, carbaryl, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and malathion periodically exceeded criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Trace-element priority pollutants, pesticides, and other organic compounds were detected in higher concentrations in bed sediment at the Village and Valley Creek sites t","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024182","usgsCitation":"McPherson, A.K., Abrahamsen, T.A., and Journey, C.A., 2002, Investigation of water quality and aquatic-community structure in Village and Valley Creeks, City of Birmingham, Jefferson County, Alabama, 2000-01: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4182, viii, 120 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024182.","productDescription":"viii, 120 p. : col. ill., col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3716,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024182","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":168259,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a5e4b07f02db497aca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McPherson, Ann K.","contributorId":15240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McPherson","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abrahamsen, Thomas A.","contributorId":79137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamsen","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Journey, Celeste A. 0000-0002-2284-5851 cjourney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-5851","contributorId":2617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Journey","given":"Celeste","email":"cjourney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":230109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44611,"text":"wri024261 - 2002 - Simulation of the ground-water flow system at Naval Submarine Base Bangor and vicinity, Kitsap County, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:05","indexId":"wri024261","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4261","title":"Simulation of the ground-water flow system at Naval Submarine Base Bangor and vicinity, Kitsap County, Washington","docAbstract":"An evaluation of the interaction between ground-water flow on Naval Submarine Base Bangor and the regional-flow system shows that for selected alternatives of future ground-water pumping on and near the base, the risk is low that significant concentrations of on-base ground-water contamination will reach off-base public-supply wells and hypothetical wells southwest of the base. The risk is low even if worst-case conditions are considered ? no containment and remediation of on-base contamination. The evaluation also shows that future saltwater encroachment of aquifers below sea level may be possible, but this determination has considerable uncertainty associated with it. The potential effects on the ground-water flow system resulting from four hypothetical ground-water pumping alternatives were considered, including no change in 1995 pumping rates, doubling the rates, and 2020 rates estimated from population projections with two different pumping distributions. All but a continuation of 1995 pumping rates demonstrate the possibility of future saltwater encroachment in the Sea-level aquifer on Naval Submarine Base Bangor. The amount of time it would take for encroachment to occur is unknown. For all pumping alternatives, future saltwater encroachment in the Sea-level aquifer also may be possible along Puget Sound east and southeast of the base. Future saltwater encroachment in the Deep aquifer also may be possible throughout large parts of the study area. Projections of saltwater encroachment are least certain outside the boundaries of Naval Submarine Base Bangor. The potential effects of the ground-water pumping alternatives were evaluated by simulating the ground-water flow system with a three-dimensional uniform-density ground-water flow model. The model was calibrated by trial-and-error by minimizing differences between simulated and measured or estimated variables. These included water levels from prior to January 17, 1977 (termed 'predevelopment'), water-level drawdowns since predevelopment until April 15, 1995, ground-water discharge to streams in water year 1995, and residence times of ground water in different parts of the flow system that were estimated in a separate but related study. Large amounts of ground water were pumped from 1977 through 1980 from the Sea-level aquifer on Naval Submarine Base Bangor to enable the construction of an off-shore drydock. Records of the flow-system responses to the applied stresses were used to help calibrate the model. Errors in the calibrated model were significant. The poor agreement between simulated and measured values could be improved by making many local changes to hydraulic parameters but these changes were not supported by other data. Model errors may have resulted in errors in the simulated effects of ground-water pumping alternatives.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024261","usgsCitation":"Heeswijk, M.V., and Smith, D.T., 2002, Simulation of the ground-water flow system at Naval Submarine Base Bangor and vicinity, Kitsap County, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4261, 153 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024261.","productDescription":"153 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3713,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":168062,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db697795","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heeswijk, Marijke van","contributorId":37201,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heeswijk","given":"Marijke","email":"","middleInitial":"van","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Daniel T.","contributorId":11878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44619,"text":"wri024080 - 2002 - Observations of environmental change in Grand Canyon, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:00","indexId":"wri024080","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4080","title":"Observations of environmental change in Grand Canyon, Arizona","docAbstract":"Few scientific data have been collected on pre-dam conditions of the Colorado River corridor through Grand Canyon National Park. Using historical diaries, interviews with pre-dam river runners (referred to as the ?Old Timers?), and historical scientific data and observations, we compiled anecdotal information on environmental change in Grand Canyon. The most significant changes are the: lowering of water temperature in the river, near-elimination of heavily sediment-laden flows, erosion of sand bars, invasion of non-native tamarisk trees, reduction in driftwood, development of marshes, increase in non-native fish at the expense of native fishes, and increase in water bird populations. In addition, few debris flows were observed before closure of Glen Canyon Dam, which might suggests that the frequency of debris flows in Grand Canyon has increased. Other possible changes include decreases in bat populations and increases in swallow and bighorn sheep populations, although the evidence is anecdotal and inconclusive. These results provide a perspective on managing the Colorado River that may allow differentiation of the effects of Glen Canyon Dam from other processes of change.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024080","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Melis, T., and Valdez, R., 2002, Observations of environmental change in Grand Canyon, Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4080, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024080.","productDescription":"41 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3720,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024080","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":168539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69659b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Webb, Robert H. rhwebb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Robert H.","email":"rhwebb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":12625,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":230123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Valdez, Richard A.","contributorId":19210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Richard A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":44620,"text":"wri024069 - 2002 - Relation of Environmental characteristics to the composition of aquatic assemblages along a gradient of urban land use in New Jersey, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:00","indexId":"wri024069","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4069","title":"Relation of Environmental characteristics to the composition of aquatic assemblages along a gradient of urban land use in New Jersey, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Community data from 36 watersheds were used to evaluate the response of fish, invertebrate, and algal assemblages in New Jersey streams to environmental characteristics along a gradient of urban land use that ranged from 3 to 96 percent. Aquatic assemblages were sampled at 36 sites during 1996-98, and more than 400 environmental attributes at multiple spatial scales were summarized. Data matrices were reduced to 43, 170, and 103 species of fish, invertebrates, and algae, respectively, by means of a predetermined joint frequency and relative abundance approach. White sucker (Catostomus commersoni) and Tessellated darter (Etheostoma olmstedi) were the most abundant fishes, accounting for more than 20 and 17 percent, respectively, of the mean abundance. Net-spinning caddisflies (Hydropsychidae) were the most commonly occurring benthic invertebrates and were found at all but one of the 36 sampling sites. Blue-green (for example, Calothrix sp. and Oscillatoria sp.) and green (for example, Protoderma viride) algae were the most widely distrib-uted algae; however, more than 81 percent of the algal taxa collected were diatoms. Principal-component and correlation analyses were used to reduce the dimensionality of the environmental data. Multiple linear regression analysis of extracted ordination axes then was used to develop models that expressed effects of increasing urban land use on the structure of aquatic assemblages. Significant environmental variables identified by using multiple linear regression analysis then were included in a direct gradient analysis. Partial canonical correspondence analysis of relativized abundance data was used to restrict further the effects of residual natural variability, and to identify relations among the environmental variables and the structure of fish, invertebrate, and algal assemblages along an urban land-use gradient. Results of this approach, combined with the results of the multiple linear regression analyses, were used to identify human population density (311-37,594 persons/km2), amount and type of impervious surface cover (0.12-1,350 km2), nutrient concentrations (for example, 0.01-0.29 mg/L of phosphorus), hydrologic instability (for example, 100-8,955 ft3/s for 2-year peak flow), the amount of forest and wetlands in a basin (0.01-6.25 km2), and substrate quality (0-87 percent cobble substrate) as variables that are highly correlated with aquatic-assemblage structure. Species distributions in ordination space clearly indicate that tolerant species are more abundant in the streams impaired by urbanization and sensitive taxa are more closely associated with the least impaired basins. The distinct differences in aquatic assemblages along the urban land-use gradient demonstrate the deleterious effects of urbanization on assemblage structure and indicate that conserving landscape attributes that mitigate anthropogenic influences (for example, stormwater-management practices emphasizing infiltration and preservation of existing forests, wetlands, and riparian corridors) will help to maintain the relative abundance of sensitive taxa. Complementary multiple linear regression models indicate that aquatic community indices were correlated with many of the anthropogenic factors that were found to be significant along the urban land-use gradient. These indices appear to be effective in differentiating the moderately and severely impaired streams from the minimally impaired streams. Evaluation of disturbance thresholds for aquatic assemblages indicates that moderate to severe impairment is detectable in New Jersey streams when impervious surface cover in the drainage basin reaches approximately 18 percent.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024069","usgsCitation":"Kennen, J., and Ayers, M.A., 2002, Relation of Environmental characteristics to the composition of aquatic assemblages along a gradient of urban land use in New Jersey, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4069, ix, 77 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024069.","productDescription":"ix, 77 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3721,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024069","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":168644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c34d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":54830,"text":"wdrNV011 - 2002 - Water resources data, Nevada, water year 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-22T20:53:06.113446","indexId":"wdrNV011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"NV-01-1","title":"Water resources data, Nevada, water year 2001","docAbstract":"<p>Water resources data published herein for the 2001 water year comprise the following records:<br></p><p>o Water discharge for 168 gaging stations on streams, canals and drains.<br>o Discharge for 146 peak-flow stations and miscellaneous sites, and 14 springs.<br>o Stage and contents for 20 lakes and reservoirs.<br>o Water-quality data for 95 stream, lake, canal, spring, and drain sites, and 53 wells.<br>o Water levels for 97 primary/continuous record wells, and 654 secondary observation wells.<br>o Water withdrawals for 12 wells<br>o Precipitation totals for 31 stations.<br></p><p>Additional water-data, collected at various sites that are not part of the systematic data-collection program, are published<br>as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Information System<br>operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Nevada.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrNV011","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Nevada and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Garcia, K.T., Munson, R., Spaulding, R., and Vasquez, S., 2002, Water resources data, Nevada, water year 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report NV-01-1, xxvi, 528 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrNV011.","productDescription":"xxvi, 528 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/nv-01-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":181488,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/2001/nv-01-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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 \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0ff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, Kerry T.","contributorId":57837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munson, R.H.","contributorId":59066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munson","given":"R.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spaulding, R.J.","contributorId":93132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spaulding","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Vasquez, S.L.","contributorId":46611,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vasquez","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":251681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":44592,"text":"wri20024031 - 2002 - Field tests of diffusion samplers for inorganic constituents in wells and at a ground-water discharge zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:30","indexId":"wri20024031","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4031","title":"Field tests of diffusion samplers for inorganic constituents in wells and at a ground-water discharge zone","docAbstract":"Field tests were performed on two types of diffusion samplers to collect representative samples of inorganic constituents from ground water in wells and at an arsenic-contaminated ground-water-discharge zone beneath a stream. Nylon-screen samplers and dialysis samplers were tested for the collection of arsenic, calcium, chloride, iron, manganese, sulfate, and dissolved oxygen. The investigations were conducted at the Naval Industrial Reserve Ordnance Plant (NIROP), Fridley, Minnesota, and at the Naval Air Station Fort Worth Joint Reserve Base (NAS Fort Worth JRB), Texas.\r\n\r\n            \r\n\r\nData indicate that, in general, nylon-screen and dialysis diffusion samplers are capable of obtaining concentrations of inorganic solutes in ground water that correspond to concentrations obtained by low-flow sampling. Diffusion samplers offer a potentially time-saving approach to well sampling. Particular care must be taken, however, when sampling for iron and other metals, because of the potential for iron precipitation by oxygenation and when dealing with chemically stratified sampling intervals. Simple nylon-screen jar samplers buried beneath creekbed sediment appear to be effective tools for locating discharge zones of arsenic contaminated ground water.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nAlthough the LDPE samplers have proven to be inexpensive and simple to use in wells, they are limited by their inability to provide a representative sample of ionic solutes. The success of nylon-screen samplers in sediment studies suggests that these simple samplers may be useful for collecting water samples for inorganic constituents in wells. Results using dialysis bags deployed in wells suggest that these types of samplers have the potential to provide a representative sample of both VOCs and ionic solutes from ground water (Kaplan and others, 1991; Theodore A. Ehlke, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2001).\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to provide results of field tests investigating the potential to use diffusion samplers to collect representative samples of inorganic constituents from ground water in wells and at an arsenic-contaminated ground-water-discharge zone beneath a stream. The investigations were performed at NIROP, Fridley, Minn. (fig. 1) and at NAS Fort Worth JRB, Texas (fig. 2). Two types of samplers were tested. One type was a nylon-screen sampler, which consisted of a 30-mL jar filled with deionized water, with its opening covered by a nylon screen. The second type was a dialysis sampler that consisted of a tube of dialysis membrane filled with deionized water. The nylon-screen samplers were deployed in wells at NIROP Fridley and NAS Fort Worth JRB and beneath the ground-water/surface water interface of a stream at NAS Fort Worth JRB. The dialysis samplers were deployed only in wells at NAS Fort Worth JRB.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20024031","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Petkewich, M.D., and Campbell, T.R., 2002, Field tests of diffusion samplers for inorganic constituents in wells and at a ground-water discharge zone: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4031, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20024031.","productDescription":"24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":172928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13229,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri024031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8959","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":230053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Campbell, Ted R.","contributorId":41881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Ted","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":50706,"text":"ofr02409 - 2002 - MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model -- Documentation of the Model-Layer Variable-Direction Horizontal Anisotropy (LVDA) capability of the Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow (HUF) package","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:12","indexId":"ofr02409","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-409","title":"MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model -- Documentation of the Model-Layer Variable-Direction Horizontal Anisotropy (LVDA) capability of the Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow (HUF) package","docAbstract":"This report documents the model-layer variable-direction horizontal anisotropy (LVDA) capability of the Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow (HUF) Package of MODFLOW-2000. The LVDA capability allows the principal directions of horizontal anisotropy to be different than the model-grid row and column directions, and for the directions to vary on a cell-by-cell basis within model layers. The HUF Package calculates effective hydraulic properties for model grid cells based on hydraulic properties of hydrogeologic units with thicknesses defined independently of the model layers. These hydraulic properties include, among other characteristics, hydraulic conductivity and a horizontal anisotropy ratio. Using the LVDA capability, horizontal anisotropy direction is defined for model grid cells within which one or more hydrogeologic units may occur. For each grid cell, the HUF Package calculates the effective horizontal hydraulic conductivity along the primary direction of anisotropy using the hydrogeologic-unit hydraulic conductivities, and calculates the effective horizontal hydraulic conductivity along the orthogonal anisotropy direction using the effective primary direction hydraulic conductivities and horizontal anisotropy ratios. The direction assigned to the model layer effective primary hydraulic conductivity is specified using a new data set defined by the LVDA capability, when active, to calculate coefficients needed to solve the ground-water flow equation. Use of the LVDA capability is illustrated in four simulation examples, which also serve to verify hydraulic heads, advective-travel paths, and sensitivities calculated using the LVDA capability. This version of the LVDA capability defines variable-direction horizontal anisotropy using model layers, not the hydrogeologic units defined by the HUF Package. This difference needs to be taken into account when designing model layers and hydrogeologic units to produce simulations that accurately represent a given field problem. This might be a reason, for example, to make model layer boundaries coincide with hydrogeologic-unit boundaries in all or part of a model grid.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr02409","usgsCitation":"Anderman, E.R., Kipp, K., Hill, M.C., Valstar, J., and Neupauer, R., 2002, MODFLOW-2000, the U.S. Geological Survey modular ground-water model -- Documentation of the Model-Layer Variable-Direction Horizontal Anisotropy (LVDA) capability of the Hydrogeologic-Unit Flow (HUF) package: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2002-409, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr02409.","productDescription":"61 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4201,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/nrp/gwsoftware/modflow2000/ofr02-409.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":176414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db648ce1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderman, Evan R.","contributorId":95505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderman","given":"Evan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kipp, K.L.","contributorId":96715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"K.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Mary C. mchill@usgs.gov","contributorId":974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Mary","email":"mchill@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":242116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Valstar, Johan","contributorId":69224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valstar","given":"Johan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Neupauer, R.M.","contributorId":33381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neupauer","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":44953,"text":"wri024142 - 2002 - Nutrient dynamics in five off-stream reservoirs in the lower South Platte River basin, March-September 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:12","indexId":"wri024142","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2002-4142","title":"Nutrient dynamics in five off-stream reservoirs in the lower South Platte River basin, March-September 1995","docAbstract":"In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a study to characterize nutrient concentrations in five off-stream reservoirs in the lower South Platte River Basin?Riverside, Jackson, Prewitt, North Sterling, and Julesburg. These reservoirs are critical sources of irrigation water for agricultural areas, and several also are used for fishing, boating, swimming, hunting, and camping. Data collected for this study include depth profiles of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and specific conductance; nutrient species concentrations in the water column, bottom sediment, and inflow and outflow canals; and chlorophyll-a concentrations in the water column. Data were collected during the irrigation season from March through September 1995 at five sites each in Riverside, Jackson, Prewitt, and Julesburg Reservoirs and at six sites in North Sterling Reservoir. \r\n\r\nThe five reservoirs studied are located in similar geographic, climatic, and land-use areas and, as a result, have a number of similarities in their internal nutrient dynamics. Nitrogen concentrations in the reservoirs were highest in March and decreased through September as a result of dilution from river inflows and biological activity. From March through June, decreases in nitrogen concentrations in the river and biological activity contributed to decreases in reservoir concentrations. From July through September, inflows from the river were cut off, and biological activity in the reservoirs led to further decreases in nitrate concentrations, which fell to near or below detectable levels. Phosphorus concentrations in the reservoirs did not show the same consistent decrease from March through September. Phosphorus likely was recycled continuously back to algae during the study period through processes such as excretion from fish, decay of aquatic plants and animals, and release of orthophosphate from bottom sediment during periods of low oxygen. With the exception of phosphorus in Jackson Reservoir, the reservoirs acted as a sink for both nitrogen and phosphorus; the percentage of the total mass (initial storage plus inflows) trapped in the reservoirs during the study period ranged from 49 to 88 percent for nitrogen and from 20 to 86 percent for phosphorus.\r\n\r\nThe nutrient loading, morphology, and operation of the five reservoirs differed, however, leading to several important differences in nutrient dynamics among the reservoirs. Mean nutrient concentrations during the study period decreased in a downstream direction from Riverside Reservoir to Julesburg Reservoir because concentrations in the source water?the South Platte River?decreased downstream as a result of increased distance from wastewater loading upstream from Kersey, Colorado, and the replacement of diverted river water with more dilute ground-water return flow. North Sterling was an exception to this decrease; the strong stratification and resulting anoxia that developed in the reservoir led to nutrient release from the bottom sediments that offset the decrease in external nutrient loading.\r\n\r\nVariations in nutrient loading also contributed to differences in the nutrient limiting algal growth in the reservoirs, as indicated by mass nitrogen:phosphorus ratios. In Riverside and Jackson Reservoirs, nitrogen became the potential limiting nutrient by midsummer as biological activity depleted the available supply of nitrogen while the high initial phosphorus load was recycled. Prewitt, North Sterling, and Julesburg Reservoirs, with lower initial loadings of phosphorus, were phosphorus-limited throughout the study period, with additional colimitation of nitrogen as biological uptake reduced nitrogen concentrations to near or below laboratory detection limits. The percentage of the total nitrogen and phosphorus mass lost through outflow and trapped in the reservoir due to processes such as biological uptake and sedimentation varied between reservoirs.Generally, reservoirs with short residence times such as North Ste","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri024142","usgsCitation":"Sprague, L.A., 2002, Nutrient dynamics in five off-stream reservoirs in the lower South Platte River basin, March-September 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2002-4142, viii, 72 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri024142.","productDescription":"viii, 72 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3827,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri024142","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":162170,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6967f6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sprague, Lori A. 0000-0003-2832-6662 lsprague@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2832-6662","contributorId":726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sprague","given":"Lori","email":"lsprague@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":53328,"text":"wdrCO012 - 2002 - Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2001--Volume 2. Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:44","indexId":"wdrCO012","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"CO-01-2","title":"Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2001--Volume 2. Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"Water-resources data for Colorado for the 2001 water year consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; meteorological data; and water levels and water quality of wells and springs. This report (Volumes 1 and 2) contains discharge records for 313 gaging stations, stage and contents of 16 lakes and reservoirs, discharge measurements for 1 partial-record low-flow station and 1 miscellaneous site, peak-flow information for 22 crest-stage partial-record stations; water quality for 125 gaging stations and for 10 lakes and reservoirs, supplemental water quality for 181 gaged sites; water quality for 77 miscellaneous sites and 14 observation wells; water levels for 3 observation wells, and meteorological data for 55 sites. Three pertinent stations operated by bordering States also are included in this report. The records were collected and computed by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey under the direction of W.F. Horak, District Chief. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wdrCO012","usgsCitation":"Crowfoot, R., Boulger, R., and O’Neill, G.B., 2002, Water Resources Data, Colorado, Water Year 2001--Volume 2. Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report CO-01-2, 559 p.; 2 figs., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrCO012.","productDescription":"559 p.; 2 figs.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5035,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/WDRCO012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":173851,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbd71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crowfoot, R.M.","contributorId":6116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crowfoot","given":"R.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boulger, R.W.","contributorId":86386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boulger","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Neill, G. B.","contributorId":72450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":247287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":53877,"text":"bsr010005 - 2001 - Relations among geology, physiography, land use, and stream habitat conditions in the Buffalo and Current River systems, Missouri and Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-11T13:04:52.694935","indexId":"bsr010005","displayToPublicDate":"2020-11-10T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9,"text":"Biological Science Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"2001-0005","title":"Relations among geology, physiography, land use, and stream habitat conditions in the Buffalo and Current River systems, Missouri and Arkansas","docAbstract":"This study investigated links between drainage-basin characteristics and stream habitat conditions in the Buffalo National River, Arkansas and the Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri. It was designed as an associative study - the two parks were divided into their principle tributary drainage basins and then basin-scale and stream-habitat data sets were gathered and compared between them. Analyses explored the relative influence of different drainage-basin characteristics on stream habitat conditions. They also investigated whether a relation between land use and stream characteristics could be detected after accounting for geologic and physiographic differences among drainage basins. \r\nData were collected for three spatial scales: tributary drainage basins, tributary stream reaches, and main-stem river segments of the Current and Buffalo Rivers. Tributary drainage-basin characteristics were inventoried using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and included aspects of drainage-basin physiography, geology, and land use. Reach-scale habitat surveys measured channel longitudinal and cross-sectional geometry, substrate particle size and embeddedness, and indicators of channel stability. Segment-scale aerial-photo based inventories measured gravel-bar area, an indicator of coarse sediment load, along main-stem rivers. Relations within and among data sets from each spatial scale were investigated using correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. \r\nStudy basins encompassed physiographically distinct regions of the Ozarks. The Buffalo River system drains parts of the sandstone-dominated Boston Mountains and of the carbonate-dominated Springfield and Salem Plateaus. The Current River system is within the Salem Plateau. Analyses of drainage-basin variables highlighted the importance of these physiographic differences and demonstrated links among geology, physiography, and land-use patterns. Buffalo River tributaries have greater relief, steeper slopes, and more streamside bluffs than the Current River tributaries. Land use patterns in both river systems correlate with physiography - cleared land area is negatively associated with drainage-basin average slope. Both river systems are dominantly forested (0-35 per-cent cleared land), however, the potential for landscape disturbance may be greater in the Buffalo River system where a larger proportion of cleared land occurs on steep slopes (>15 degrees). \r\nWhen all drainage basins are grouped together, reach-scale channel characteristics show the strongest relations with drainage-basin physiography. Bankfull channel geometry and residual pool dimensions are positively correlated with drainage area and topographic relief variables. After accounting for differences in drainage area, channel dimensions in Buffalo River tributaries tend to be larger than in Current River tributaries. This trend is consistent with the flashy runoff and large storm flows that can be generated in rugged, sandstone-dominate terrain. Substrate particle size is also most strongly associated with physiography; particle size is positively correlated with topographic relief variables. \r\nWhen tributaries are subset by river system, relations with geology and land use variables become apparent. Buffalo River tributaries with larger proportions of carbonate bedrock and cleared land area have shallower channels, better-sorted, gravel-rich substrate, and more eroding banks than those with little cleared land and abundant sandstone bedrock. Gravel-bar area on the Buffalo River main stem was also larger within 1-km of carbonate-rich tributary junctions. Because geology and cleared land are themselves correlated, relations with anthropogenic and natural factors could often not be separated. \r\nChannel characteristics in the Current River system show stronger associations with physiography than with land use. Channels are shallower and have finer substrates in the less rugged, karst-rich, western basins than in the","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Panfil, M.S., and Jacobson, R.B., 2001, Relations among geology, physiography, land use, and stream habitat conditions in the Buffalo and Current River systems, Missouri and Arkansas: Biological Science Report 2001-0005, Report: viii, 111 p.; Optical Disc.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 111 p.; Optical Disc","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4720,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2001/0005/bsr20010005.pdf","text":"Report","size":"36.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":177473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/bsr/2001/0005/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.2626953125,\n              35.496456056584165\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.3291015625,\n              35.38904996691167\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.0986328125,\n              35.496456056584165\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.615234375,\n              36.10237644873644\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.087890625,\n              37.50972584293751\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.087890625,\n              38.16911413556086\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.4833984375,\n              38.75408327579141\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.5048828125,\n              38.89103282648846\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.9990234375,\n              39.06184913429154\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7021484375,\n              38.993572058209466\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.833984375,\n              35.746512259918504\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.2626953125,\n              35.496456056584165\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c217","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Panfil, Maria S.","contributorId":25234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Panfil","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":248553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":248552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":32690,"text":"fs05601 - 2001 - U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Resources Program, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-29T14:12:27","indexId":"fs05601","displayToPublicDate":"2003-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"056-01","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Resources Program, 2001","docAbstract":"<p>Ground water is among the Nation's most important natural resources. It provides drinking water to urban and rural communities, supports irrigation and industry, sustains the flow of streams and rivers, and maintains riparian and wetland ecosystems. In many areas of the Nation, the future sustainability of ground-water resources is at risk from over use and contamination. Because ground-water systems typically respond slowly to human actions and climate variability, a long-term perspective is needed to manage this valuable resource. The U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Resources Program provides regional evaluations, fundamental data, and predictive tools to help assure the sustainability of our Nation's ground-water resources. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs05601","usgsCitation":"Grannemann, N.G., 2001, U.S. Geological Survey Ground-Water Resources Program, 2001: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 056-01, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05601.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":3266,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":58063,"text":"wri014068 - 2001 - Habitat, biota, and sediment characteristics at selected stations in the lower Illinois River Basin, Illinois, 1996-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:12:13","indexId":"wri014068","displayToPublicDate":"2003-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4068","title":"Habitat, biota, and sediment characteristics at selected stations in the lower Illinois River Basin, Illinois, 1996-98","docAbstract":"Data collection for the lower Illinois River Basin (LIRB) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) program began in 1996. Data on habitat, fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and sediment were collected at eight stations on six streams in the basin--Illinois River, Panther Creek, Mackinaw River, Indian Creek, Sangamon River, and La Moine River. These streams typically flow through agricultural lands with very low gradients. Substrates typically are clay to gravel with areas of cobble. Banks are high, steep, and sparsely vegetated. Topographic surveys provide illustrations of the geometry that promote understanding of channel geometry and a data set that, in the future, can be used by others to assess stream changes.\r\nSuspended-sediment particle size, woody debris, and stream velocity are important to fish and benthic macroinvertebrate communities. Fine particles (silts and clays) were abundant in suspended sediment and stream banks, and fish insectivorous cyprinid community composition increased with decreases in the concentration of these suspended fines. Suckers were prevalent in stream reaches with abundant woody-snag cover, whereas sunfish communities were most abundant in areas with slow water velocities. Hydropsychidae, Chironomidae, and Baetidae were the most abundant benthic macroinvertebrate families collected throughout the region, but stream size and water velocity were important to benthic macroinvertebrate community composition. Tricorythodes mayflies and Elmidae had higher relative abundance at sites in small- and moderate-size drainage basins, and Baetidae density was greatest in reaches with highest water velocity.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014068","usgsCitation":"Adolphson, D.L., Fazio, D., and Harris, M.A., 2001, Habitat, biota, and sediment characteristics at selected stations in the lower Illinois River Basin, Illinois, 1996-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4068, vii, 52 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014068.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p. : col. ill., col. map ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":5990,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://il.water.usgs.gov/pubsearch/reports.cgi/view?series=WRIR&number=01-4068","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":184245,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7ee4b07f02db648566","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Adolphson, Debbie L.","contributorId":81960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adolphson","given":"Debbie","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fazio, David J.","contributorId":60319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fazio","given":"David J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":258252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harris, Mitchell A. maharris@usgs.gov","contributorId":1382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harris","given":"Mitchell","email":"maharris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":258251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":45091,"text":"wri014179 - 2001 - Apparent chlorofluorocarbon age of ground water of the shallow aquifer system, Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Yorktown, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T20:18:04.650737","indexId":"wri014179","displayToPublicDate":"2002-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4179","title":"Apparent chlorofluorocarbon age of ground water of the shallow aquifer system, Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Yorktown, Virginia","docAbstract":"<p>Apparent ages of ground water are useful in the analysis of various components of flow systems, and results of this analysis can be incorporated into investigations of potential pathways of contaminant transport. This report presents the results of a study in 1997 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Base Civil Engineer, Environmental Directorate, to describe the apparent age of ground water of the shallow aquifer system at the Station. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), tritium (<sup>3</sup>H), dissolved gases, stable isotopes, and water-quality field properties were measured in samples from 14 wells and 16 springs on the Station in March 1997.</p><p>Nitrogen-argon recharge temperatures range from 5.9°C to 17.3°C with a median temperature of 10.9°C, which indicates that ground-water recharge predominantly occurs in the cold months of the year. Concentrations of excess air vary depending upon geohydrologic setting (recharge and discharge areas). Apparent ground-water ages using a CFC-based dating technique range from 1 to 48 years with a median age of 10 years. The oldest apparent CFC ages occur in the upper parts of the Yorktown-Eastover aquifer, whereas the youngest apparent ages occur in the Columbia aquifer and the upper parts of the discharge area setting, especially springs. The vertical distribution of apparent CFC ages indicates that groundwater movement between aquifers is somewhat retarded by the leaky confining units, but the elapsed time is relatively short (generally less than 35 years), as evidenced by the presence of CFCs at depth. The identification of binary mixtures by CFC-based dating indicates that convergence of flow lines occurs not only at the actual point of discharge, but also in the subsurface.</p><p>The CFC-based recharge dates are consistent with expected <sup>3</sup>H concentrations measured in the water samples from the Station. The concentration of 3H in ground water ranges from below the USGS laboratory minimum reporting limit of 0.3 to 15.9 tritium units (TU) with a median value of 10.8 TU. Water-quality field properties are highly variable for ground water with apparent CFC ages less than 15 years because of geochemical processes within local flow systems. Ground water with apparent CFC ages greater than 15 years represents more stable conditions in subregional flow systems.</p><p>The range of apparent CFC ages is slightly greater than the ranges in time of travel of ground water calculated for shallow wells (less than 60- feet deep) from flow-path analysis. Calculated travel times to springs can be up to two orders of magnitude greater than the CFC-based apparent ages. Reasonable assumptions of values for hydraulic parameters can result in substantial overestimates for time of travel to springs.</p><p>Recharge rates computed from apparent CFC ages range from 0.29 to 0.89 feet per year (ft/ yr) with an average value of 0.54 ft/yr. The analysis of apparent CFC ages in conjunction with geohydrologic data indicates that young water (less than 50 years) is present at depth (nearly 120 feet) and that both local and subregional flow systems occur in the shallow aquifer system at the Station. The addition of the dimension of time to the three-dimensional framework of Brockman and others (1997) will benefit current (2001) and future remediation activities by providing estimates of advective transport rates and how these rates vary depending upon geohydrologic setting and position within the ground-water-flow system. Estimated ground-water apparent ages and recharge rates can be used as calibration criteria in simulations of ground-water flow on the Station to refine and constrain future ground-water-flow models of the shallow aquifer system.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Base Civil Engineer, Environmental Directorate","usgsCitation":"Nelms, D.L., Harlow, G., and Brockman, A., 2001, Apparent chlorofluorocarbon age of ground water of the shallow aquifer system, Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, Yorktown, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4179, v, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014179.","productDescription":"v, 51 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135692,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4179/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":341599,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4179/wri20014179.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRIR 2001-4179"},{"id":415378,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43638.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Yorktown","otherGeospatial":"Naval Weapons Station Yorktown","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.633,\n              37.273\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.633,\n              37.213\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.527,\n              37.213\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.527,\n              37.273\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.633,\n              37.273\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p>Director, <a href=\"https://va.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"https://va.water.usgs.gov/\">Virginia Water Science Center</a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 1730 East Parham Road<br> Richmond, VA 23228</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Sampling and analytical methods</li><li>Estimation of recharge temperature</li><li>Apparent chlorofluorocarbon age of ground water</li><li>Application of apparent CFC ages to geohydrology of the station</li><li>Study implications for remediation activities</li><li>Summary</li><li>References cited</li><li>Appendixes</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelms, David L. 0000-0001-5747-642X dlnelms@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5747-642X","contributorId":1892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelms","given":"David","email":"dlnelms@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harlow, George E. Jr. geharlow@usgs.gov","contributorId":383,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harlow","given":"George E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"geharlow@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":231091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brockman, Allen R.","contributorId":91828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brockman","given":"Allen R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":45109,"text":"wri20014003 - 2001 - Total Phosphorus Loads for Selected Tributaries to Sebago Lake, Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri20014003","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4003","title":"Total Phosphorus Loads for Selected Tributaries to Sebago Lake, Maine","docAbstract":"The streamflow and water-quality datacollection networks of the Portland Water District (PWD) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as of February 2000 were analyzed in terms of their applicability for estimating total phosphorus loads for selected tributaries to Sebago Lake in southern Maine.\r\n\r\nThe long-term unit-area mean annual flows for the Songo River and for small, ungaged tributaries are similar to the long-term unit-area mean annual flows for the Crooked River and other gaged tributaries to Sebago Lake, based on a regression equation that estimates mean annual streamflows in Maine. Unit-area peak streamflows of Sebago Lake tributaries can be quite different, based on a regression equation that estimates peak streamflows for Maine.\r\n\r\nCrooked River had a statistically significant positive relation (Kendall's Tau test, p=0.0004) between streamflow and total phosphorus concentration. Panther Run had a statistically significant negative relation (p=0.0015). Significant positive relations may indicate contributions from nonpoint sources or sediment resuspension, whereas significant negative relations may indicate dilution of point sources.\r\n\r\nTotal phosphorus concentrations were significantly larger in the Crooked River than in the Songo River (Wilcoxon rank-sum test, p<0.0001). Evidence was insufficient, however, to indicate that phosphorus concentrations from medium-sized drainage basins, at a significance level of 0.05, were different from each other or that concentrations in small-sized drainage basins were different from each other (Kruskal-Wallis test, p= 0.0980, 0.1265). All large- and medium-sized drainage basins were sampled for total phosphorus approximately monthly. Although not all small drainage basins were sampled, they may be well represented by the small drainage basins that were sampled.\r\n\r\nIf the tributaries gaged by PWD had adequate streamflow data, the current PWD tributary monitoring program would probably produce total phosphorus loading data that would represent all gaged and ungaged tributaries to Sebago Lake. Outside the PWD tributary-monitoring program, the largest ungaged tributary to Sebago Lake contains 1.5 percent of the area draining to the lake. In the absence of unique point or nonpoint sources of phosphorus, ungaged tributaries are unlikely to have total phosphorus concentrations that differ significantly from those in the small tributaries that have concentration data.\r\n\r\nThe regression method, also known as the rating-curve method, was used to estimate the annual total phosphorus load for Crooked River, Northwest River, and Rich Mill Pond Outlet for water years 1996-98. The MOVE.1 method was used to estimate daily streamflows for the regression method at Northwest River and Rich Mill Pond Outlet, where streamflows were not continuously monitored. An averaging method also was used to compute annual loads at the three sites. The difference between the regression estimate and the averaging estimate for each of the three tributaries was consistent with what was expected from previous studies.  ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/wri20014003","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Portland Water District","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., 2001, Total Phosphorus Loads for Selected Tributaries to Sebago Lake, Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4003, ii, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014003.","productDescription":"ii, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":9902,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://me.water.usgs.gov/reports/WRIR01-4003.pdf","size":"1683","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99385,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4003/report.pdf","size":"2663","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":170681,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4003/report-thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.91666666666667,43.666666666666664 ], [ -70.91666666666667,44.416666666666664 ], [ -70.41666666666667,44.416666666666664 ], [ -70.41666666666667,43.666666666666664 ], [ -70.91666666666667,43.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cce4b07f02db54432b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45108,"text":"wri004291 - 2001 - Analytical results of a long-term aquifer test conducted near the Rio Grande, Albuquerque, New Mexico, with a section on piezometric-extensometric test results","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-04T22:14:04.207279","indexId":"wri004291","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4291","title":"Analytical results of a long-term aquifer test conducted near the Rio Grande, Albuquerque, New Mexico, with a section on piezometric-extensometric test results","docAbstract":"The City of Albuquerque, New Mexico, is interested in gaining a \r\nbetter understanding, both quantitative and qualitative, of \r\nthe aquifer system in and around Albuquerque. Currently (2000), the \r\nCity of Albuquerque and surrounding municipalities are \r\ncompletely dependent on ground-water reserves for their municipal \r\nwater supply. This report presents the results of a long-term aquifer \r\ntest conducted near the Rio Grande in Albuquerque.\r\n\r\nThe long-term aquifer test was conducted during the winter of \r\n1994-95. The City of Albuquerque Griegos 1 water production well \r\nwas pumped continuously for 54 days at an average pumping rate of \r\n2,331 gallons per minute. During the 54-day pumping and a 30-day \r\nrecovery period, water levels were recorded in a monitoring network \r\nthat consisted of 3 production wells and 19 piezometers located \r\nat nine sites. These wells and piezometers were screened in river \r\nalluvium and (or) the upper and middle parts of the Santa Fe Group \r\naquifer system. In addition to the measurement of water levels, \r\naquifer-system compaction was monitored during the aquifer test \r\nby an extensometer. Well-bore video and flowmeter surveys were \r\nconducted in the Griegos 1 water production well at the end of the \r\nrecovery period to identify the location of primary water-\r\nproducing zones along the screened interval.\r\n\r\nAnalytical results from the aquifer test presented in this \r\nreport are based on the methods used to analyze a leaky confined \r\naquifer system and were performed using the computer software \r\npackage AQTESOLV. Estimated transmissivities for the Griegos 1 \r\nand 4 water production wells ranged from 10,570 to 24,810 feet \r\nsquared per day; the storage coefficient for the Griegos 4 well \r\nwas 0.0025. A transmissivity of 13,540 feet squared per day and a \r\nstorage coefficient of 0.0011 were estimated from the data collected \r\nfrom a piezometer completed in the production interval of the Griegos \r\n1 well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri004291","usgsCitation":"Thorn, C.R., and Heywood, C.E., 2001, Analytical results of a long-term aquifer test conducted near the Rio Grande, Albuquerque, New Mexico, with a section on piezometric-extensometric test results: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4291, Report: iv, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 33.87 x 12.77 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004291.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 19 p.; 1 Plate: 33.87 x 12.77 inches","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":170680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4291/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":99384,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4291/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99383,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4291/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":411392,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_43394.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -106.683,\n              35.154\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.683,\n              35.133\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.642,\n              35.133\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.642,\n              35.154\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.683,\n              35.154\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c57d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thorn, Conde R.","contributorId":88397,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorn","given":"Conde","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Heywood, Charles E. cheywood@usgs.gov","contributorId":2043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heywood","given":"Charles","email":"cheywood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":44642,"text":"wri014097 - 2001 - Hydrologic and salinity characteristics of Currituck Sound and selected tributaries in North Carolina and Virginia, 1998–99","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T21:31:21.882127","indexId":"wri014097","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4097","title":"Hydrologic and salinity characteristics of Currituck Sound and selected tributaries in North Carolina and Virginia, 1998–99","docAbstract":"<p>Data collected at three sites in Currituck Sound and three tributary sites between March 1, 1998, and February 28, 1999, were used to describe hydrologic and salinity characteristics of Currituck Sound. Water levels and salinity were measured at West Neck Creek at Pungo and at Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal near Princess Anne in Virginia, and at Coinjock, Bell Island, Poplar Branch, and Point Harbor in North Carolina. Flow velocity also was measured at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites.</p><p>The maximum water-level range during the study period was observed near the lower midpoint of Currituck Sound at Poplar Branch. Generally, water levels at all sites were highest during March and April, and lowest during November and December. Winds from the south typically produced higher water levels in Currituck Sound, whereas winds from the north typically produced lower water levels. Although wind over Currituck Sound is associated with fluctuations in water level within the sound, other mechanisms, such as the effects of wind on Albemarle Sound and on other water bodies south of Currituck Sound, likely affect low-frequency water-level variations in Currituck Sound.</p><p>Flow in West Neck Creek ranged from 313 cubic feet per second to the south to -227 cubic feet per second to the north (negative indicates flow to the north). Flow at the Coinjock site ranged from 15,300 cubic feet per second to the south to -11,700 cubic feet per second to the north. Flow was to the south 68 percent of the time at the West Neck Creek site and 44 percent of the time at the Coinjock site. Daily flow volumes were calculated as the sum of the instantaneous flow volumes. The West Neck Creek site had a cumulative flow volume to the south of 7.69 x 108 cubic feet for the period March 1, 1998, to February 28, 1999; the Coinjock site had a cumulative flow volume to the north of -1.33 x 1010 cubic feet for the same study period.</p><p>Wind direction and speed influence flow at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites, whereas precipitation alone has little effect on flow at these sites. Flow at the West Neck Creek site is semidiurnal but is affected by wind direction and speed. Flow to the south (positive flow) was associated with wind speeds averaging more than 15 miles per hour from the northwest; flow to the north (negative flow) was associated with wind speeds averaging more than 15 miles per hour from the south and southwest. Flow at the Coinjock site reacted in a more unpredictable manner and was not affected by winds or tides in the same manner as West Neck Creek, with few tidal characteristics evident in the record.</p><p>Throughout the study period, maximum salinity exceeded 3.5 parts per thousand at all sites; however, mean and median salinities were below 3.5 parts per thousand at all sites except the Point Harbor site (3.6 and 4.2 parts per thousand, respectively) at the southern end of the sound. Salinities were less than or equal to 3.5 parts per thousand nearly 100 percent of the time at the Bell Island and Poplar Branch sites in Currituck Sound and about 86 percent of the time at the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal site north of the sound. Salinity at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites was less than or equal to 3.5 parts per thousand about 82 percent of the time.</p><p>During this study, prevailing winds from the north were associated with flow to the south and tended to increase salinity at the West Neck Creek and the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal sites. Conversely, these same winds tended to decrease salinity at the other sites. Prevailing winds from the south and southwest were associated with flow to the north and tended to increase salinity at the Poplar Branch and Point Harbor sites in Currituck Sound and at the Coinjock site, but these same winds tended to decrease salinity at the West Neck Creek and the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal sites. The greatest variations in salinity were observed at the northernmost site, West Neck Creek, and thesouthernmost site, Point Harbor. The least variation in salinity was observed at the upper midpoint of the sound at the Bell Island site.</p><p>Daily salt loads were computed for 364 days at the West Neck Creek site and 348 days at the Coinjock site from March 1, 1998, to February 28, 1999. The cumulative salt load at West Neck Creek was 28,170 tons to the south, and the cumulative salt load at the Coinjock site was -872,750 tons to the north.</p><p>The cumulative salt load passing the West Neck Creek site during the study period would be 0.01 part per thousand if uniformly distributed throughout the sound (approximately 489,600 acre-feet in North Carolina). If the cumulative salt load passing the Coinjock site were uniformly distributed throughout the sound, the salinity in the sound would be 0.32 part per thousand. The net transport at the West Neck Creek and Coinjock sites indicates inflow of salt into the sound. A constant inflow of freshwater from tributaries and ground-water sources also occurs; however, the net flow volumes from these freshwater sources are not documented, and the significance of these freshwater inflows toward diluting the net import of salt into the sound is beyond the scope of this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014097","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Division of Water Resources and the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries","usgsCitation":"Caldwell, W.S., 2001, Hydrologic and salinity characteristics of Currituck Sound and selected tributaries in North Carolina and Virginia, 1998–99: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4097, v, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014097.","productDescription":"v, 36 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":414753,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_39866.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":3732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4097/wri20014097.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"WRI 2001-4097"},{"id":168827,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4097/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Currituck Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.48406982421875,\n              35.88682489453265\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.48406982421875,\n              37.02886944696474\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.54473876953125,\n              37.02886944696474\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.54473876953125,\n              35.88682489453265\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.48406982421875,\n              35.88682489453265\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","contact":"<p><a href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\" data-mce-href=\"mailto:dc_sc@usgs.gov\">Director</a>, <a href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\" data-mce-href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/centers/sa-water\">South Atlantic Water Science Center </a><br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 720 Gracern Road<br> Columbia, SC 29210</p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Data collection</li><li>Hydrologic characteristics</li><li>Salinity characteristics</li><li>Summary</li><li>References</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db6117d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caldwell, William Scott","contributorId":82773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":45119,"text":"wri014106 - 2001 - Simulation of ground-water flow and transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons at Graces Quarters, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:54","indexId":"wri014106","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4106","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow and transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons at Graces Quarters, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","docAbstract":"Military activity at Graces Quarters, a former open-air chemical-agent facility at Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, has resulted in ground-water contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons. As part of a ground-water remediation feasibility study, a three-dimensional model was constructed to simulate transport of four chlorinated hydrocarbons (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, trichloroethene, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform) that are components of a contaminant plume in the surficial and middle aquifers underlying the east-central part of Graces Quarters. The model was calibrated to steady-state hydraulic head at 58 observation wells and to the concentration of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane in 58 observation wells and 101direct-push probe samples from the mid-1990s. Simulations using the same basic model with minor adjustments were then run for each of the other plume constituents. The error statistics between the simulated and measured concentrations of each of the constituents compared favorably to the error statisticst,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane calibration. Model simulations were used in conjunction with contaminant concentration data to examine the sources and degradation of the plume constituents. It was determined from this that mixed contaminant sources with no ambient degradation was the best approach for simulating multi-species solute transport at the site. Forward simulations were run to show potential solute transport 30 years and 100 years into the future with and without source removal. Although forward simulations are subject to uncertainty, they can be useful for illustrating various aspects of the conceptual model and its implementation. The forward simulation with no source removal indicates that contaminants would spread throughout various parts of the surficial and middle aquifers, with the100-year simulation showing potential discharge areas in either the marshes at the end of the Graces Quarters peninsula or just offshore in the estuaries. The simulation with source removal indicates that if the modeling assumptions are reasonable and ground-water cleanup within30 years is important, source removal alone is not a sufficient remedy, and cleanup might not even occur within 100 years. ","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014106","usgsCitation":"Tenbus, F.J., and Fleck, W.B., 2001, Simulation of ground-water flow and transport of chlorinated hydrocarbons at Graces Quarters, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4106, v, 51 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014106.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) ; 28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3947,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri01-4106/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":135054,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f2c2f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tenbus, Frederick J.","contributorId":52145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tenbus","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleck, William B.","contributorId":17587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":45116,"text":"wri014086 - 2001 - Hydrodynamic and suspended-solids concentration measurements in Suisun Bay, California, 1995","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-27T11:39:53","indexId":"wri014086","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4086","title":"Hydrodynamic and suspended-solids concentration measurements in Suisun Bay, California, 1995","docAbstract":"<p>Sea level, current velocity, water temperature, salinity (computed from conductivity and temperature), and suspended-solids data collected in Suisun Bay, California, from May 30, 1995, through October 27, 1995, by the U.S. Geological Survey are documented in this report. Data were collected concurrently at 21 sites. Various parameters were measured at each site. Velocity-profile data were collected at 6 sites, single-point velocity measurements were made at 9 sites, salinity data were collected at 20 sites, and suspended-solids concentrations were measured at 10 sites. Sea-level and velocity data are presented in three forms; harmonic analysis results; time-series plots (sea level, current speed, and current direction versus time); and time-series plots of low-pass-filtered time series. Temperature, salinity, and suspended-solids data are presented as plots of raw and low-pass-filtered time series.The velocity and salinity data presented in this report document a period when the residual current patterns and salt field were transitioning from a freshwater-inflow-dominated condition towards a quasi steady-state summer condition when density-driven circulation and tidal nonlinearities became relatively more important as long-term transport mechanisms. Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta outflow was high prior to and during this study, so the tidally averaged salinities were abnormally low for this time of year. For example, the tidally averaged salinities varied from 0-12 at Martinez, the western border of Suisun Bay, to a maximum of 2 at Mallard Island, the eastern border of Suisun Bay. Even though salinities increased overall in Suisun Bay during the study period, the near-bed residual currents primarily were directed seaward. Therefore, salinity intrusion through Suisun Bay towards the Delta primarily was accomplished in the absence of the tidally averaged, two-layer flow known as gravitational circulation where, by definition, the net currents are landward at the bed. The Folsom Dam spillway gate failure on July 17, 1995, was analyzed to determine the effect on the hydrodynamics of Suisun Bay. The peak flow of the American River reached roughly 1,000 cubic meters per second as a result of the failure, which is relatively small. This was roughly 15 percent of the approximate 7,000 cubic meters per second tidal flows that occur daily in Suisun Bay and was likely attenuated greatly. Based on analysis of tidally averaged near-bed salinity and depth-averaged currents after the failure, the effect was essentially nonexistent and is indistinguishable from the natural variability.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014086","usgsCitation":"Cuetara, J.I., Burau, J.R., and Schoellhamer, D., 2001, Hydrodynamic and suspended-solids concentration measurements in Suisun Bay, California, 1995: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4086, 221 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014086.","productDescription":"221 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135035,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3946,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014086","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48bce4b07f02db538b7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cuetara, Jay I.","contributorId":65449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cuetara","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burau, Jon R. 0000-0002-5196-5035 jrburau@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-5035","contributorId":1500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burau","given":"Jon","email":"jrburau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schoellhamer, David H. 0000-0001-9488-7340 dschoell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-7340","contributorId":631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoellhamer","given":"David H.","email":"dschoell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":45076,"text":"wri014124 - 2001 - Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Mississippi River valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-28T22:14:18.243296","indexId":"wri014124","displayToPublicDate":"2002-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4124","title":"Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Mississippi River valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 2000","docAbstract":"During the spring of 2000, water levels were measured in 735 wells completed in the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas. Water samples were collected during the summer of 2000 from 151 wells completed in the alluvial aquifer. All samples were measured for specific conductance, and samples from 104 wells were analyzed for dissolved chloride concentrations.\r\n\r\nThe regional direction of ground-water flow is generally to the south and east except where affected by ground-water withdrawals. In 2000, the highest water-level altitude measured was 289 feet above sea level in northeastern Clay County. The lowest water-level altitude measured was 78 feet above sea level in southwestern Ashley County. A large depression in the potentiometric surface is located in Arkansas, Lonoke, and Prairie Counties. Two shallower depressions are located in Craighead, Cross, and Poinsett Counties and Lee, Monroe, St. Francis, and Woodruff Counties. Potentiometric depressions seem to be forming in four new areas in Ashley, Chicot, Desha, Greene, and Lincoln Counties. Comparisons of water-level changes in cones of depression from 1994 to 2000 show increases in depth and areal extent. Water-level data from 25 wells with 26 or more years of record indicate long-term water levels in the alluvial aquifer declined an average of about 0.6 foot per year from 1975 to 2000.\r\n\r\n\r\nSpecific conductance measurements made on water samples collected during the study ranged from 190 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius at a well in Drew County to 1,690 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius at a well in Ashley County. Dissolved chloride concentrations ranged from 2.2 milligrams per liter at wells in Crittenden and St. Francis Counties to 550 milligrams per liter at a well in Chicot County. The areas of high chloride concentrations generally coincide with areas of high specific conductance.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014124","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T.P., 2001, Status of water levels and selected water-quality conditions in the Mississippi River valley alluvial aquifer in eastern Arkansas, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4124, Report: iii, 52 p.; 2 Plates: 23.28 x 33.36 inches and 23.07 x 33.36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014124.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 52 p.; 2 Plates: 23.28 x 33.36 inches and 23.07 x 33.36 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411152,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42930.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":99377,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4124/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":99376,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4124/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":168603,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4124/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":99375,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4124/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Missouri River Valley alluvial aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.643,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.197,\n              36.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.197,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.643,\n              33\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.643,\n              36.5\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b46f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, Tony P. tpschrad@usgs.gov","contributorId":3027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"Tony","email":"tpschrad@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":231061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39907,"text":"ofr01295 - 2001 - Hydrologic data from Nation, Kandik, and Yukon rivers, Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:17","indexId":"ofr01295","displayToPublicDate":"2002-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-295","title":"Hydrologic data from Nation, Kandik, and Yukon rivers, Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"Flow data were collected from two adjacent rivers in Yukon?Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska?the Nation River (during 1991?2000) and the Kandik River (1994?2000)?and from the Yukon River (1950?2000) at Eagle, Alaska, upstream from the boundary of the preserve. These flow records indicate that most of the runoff from these rivers occurs from May through September and that the average monthly discharge during this period ranges from 1,172 to 2,210 cubic feet per second for the Nation River, from 1,203 to 2,633 cubic feet per second for the Kandik River, and from 112,000 to 224,000 cubic feet per second for the Yukon River.\r\n\r\nWater-quality data were collected for the Nation River and several of its tributaries from 1991 to 1992 and for the Yukon River at Eagle from 1950 to 1994. Three tributaries to the Nation River (Waterfall Creek, Cathedral Creek, and Hard Luck Creek) have relatively high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, and sulfate. These three watersheds are underlain predominantly by Paleozoic and Precambrian rocks. The Yukon River transports 33,000,000 tons of suspended sediment past Eagle each year. Reflecting the inputs from its major tributaries, the water of the Yukon River at Eagle is dominated by calcium?magnesium bicarbonate.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01295","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., 2001, Hydrologic data from Nation, Kandik, and Yukon rivers, Yukon-Charley Rivers National Preserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-295, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01295.","productDescription":"16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":3612,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/ofr01-295/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":169459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1be4b07f02db60779f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":222568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":39808,"text":"wri014175 - 2001 - Water-quality assessment of the eastern Iowa basins– Nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended sediment, and organic carbon in surface water, 1996–98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-22T22:50:45.295019","indexId":"wri014175","displayToPublicDate":"2002-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4175","title":"Water-quality assessment of the eastern Iowa basins– Nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended sediment, and organic carbon in surface water, 1996–98","docAbstract":"<p>Twelve sites on streams and rivers in the Eastern Iowa Basins study unit were sampled monthly and during selected storm events from March 1996 through September 1998 to assess the occurrence, distribution, and transport of nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended sediment, and organic carbon as part of the U.S. Geological Survey&rsquo;s National Water-Quality Assessment Program. One site was dropped from monthly sampling after 1996. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus were detected in every water sample collected. Nitrate accounted for 92 percent of the total dissolved nitrogen. About 22 percent of the samples had nitrate concentrations that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency&rsquo;s maximum contaminant level of 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen for drinking-water regulations. The median concentration of total dissolved nitrogen for surface water in the study unit was 7.2 milligrams per liter. The median total phosphorus concentration for the study unit was 0.22 milligram per liter. About 75 percent of the total phosphorus concentrations exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended total phosphorus concentration of 0.10 milligram per liter or less to minimize algal growth. Median suspended sediment and dissolved organic-carbon concentrations for the study unit were 82 and 3.5 milligrams per liter, respectively.</p>\n<p>Median concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended sediment varied annually and seasonally. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and suspended-sediment concentrations increased each year of the study due to increased precipitation and runoff. Median concentrations of dissolved organic carbon were constant from 1996 to 1998. Nitrogen concentrations were typically higher in the spring after fertilizer application and runoff. During winter, nitrogen concentrations typically increased when there was little in-stream processing by biota. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations decreased in late summer when there was less runoff and in-stream processing of nitrogen and phosphorus was high. Dissolved organic carbon was highest in February and March when decaying vegetation and manure were transported during snowmelt. Suspendedsediment concentrations were highest in early summer (May&ndash;June) during runoff and lowest in January when there was ice cover with very little overland flow contributing to rivers and streams. Based on historical and study-unit data, eastern Iowa streams and rivers are impacted by both nonpoint and point-source pollution.</p>\n<p>Indicator sites that have homogeneous land use, and geology had samples with significantly higher concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen (median, 8.2 milligrams per liter) than did samples from integrator sites (median, 6.2 milligrams per liter) that were more heterogeneous in land use and geology. Samples from integrator sites typically had significantly higher total phosphorus and suspended-sediment concentrations than did samples from indicator sites. Typically, there was very little difference in median dissolved organic-carbon concentrations in samples from indicator and integrator sites.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus varied across the study unit due to land use and physiography. Basins that are located in areas with a higher percentage of row-crop agriculture typically had samples with higher nitrogen concentrations. Basins that drain the Southern Iowa Drift Plain and the Des Moines Lobe typically had samples with higher total phosphorus and suspended-sediment concentrations.</p>\n<p>Total nitrogen loads increased each year from 1996 through 1998 in conjunction with increased concentrations and runoff. Total phosphorus loads in the Skunk River Basin decreased in 1997 due to less runoff and decreased sediment transport, but increased in 1998 due to higher runoff and increased sediment transport. Total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads varied seasonally. The highest loads typically occurred in early spring and summer after fertilizer application and runoff. Loads were lowest in January and September when there was typically very little runoff to transport nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil to the rivers and streams.</p>\n<p>Total nitrogen loads contributed to the Mississippi River from the Eastern Iowa Basins during 1996, 1997, and 1998 were 97,600, 120,000, and 234,000 metric tons, respectively. Total phosphorus loads contributed to the Mississippi River from the Eastern Iowa Basins during 1996, 1997, and 1998 were 6,860, 4,550, and 8,830 metric tons, respectively. Suspendedsediment loads contributed to the Mississippi River from the Eastern Iowa Basins during 1996, 1997, and 1998 were 7,480,000, 4,450,000, and 8,690,000 metric tons, respectively. The highest total nitrogen and total phosphorus yields typically occurred in samples from indicator sites. Sampling sites located in drainage basins with higher row-crop percentage typically had higher nitrogen and phosphorus yields. Sites that were located in the Des Moines Lobe and the Southern Iowa Drift Plain typically had higher phosphorus yields, probably due to physiographic features (for example, erodible soils, steeper slopes).</p>\n<p>Synoptic samples collected during low and high base flow had nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic-carbon concentrations that varied spatially and seasonally. Comparisons of water-quality data from six basic-fixed sampling sites and 19 other synoptic sites suggest that the water-quality data from basic-fixed sampling sites were representative of the entire study unit during periods of low and high base flow when most streamflow originates from ground water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri014175","usgsCitation":"Becher, K., Kalkhoff, S.J., Schnoebelen, D.J., Barnes, K., and Miller, V.E., 2001, Water-quality assessment of the eastern Iowa basins– Nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended sediment, and organic carbon in surface water, 1996–98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4175, x, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014175.","productDescription":"x, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science 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/>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Overall Occurrence of Concentrations<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Nitrogen<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Phosphorus and Sediment<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Organic Carbon<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Relations Between Constituent Concentrations and Streamflow<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Annual Variations<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Seasonal Variations<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Nonpoint and Point Sources<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Spatial Variability<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Nitrogen<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Phosphorus and Sediment<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Dissolved Organic Carbon<br />Transport of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Suspended Sediment<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Loads<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Yields<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Synoptic Studies<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Variability Among Basic-Fixed and Synoptic Sites<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Spatial Variability<br />&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Variability Among Base-Flow Conditions<br />Summary<br />References<br />Appendix</p>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6d2d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Becher, Kent 0000-0002-3947-0793 kdbecher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3947-0793","contributorId":3863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becher","given":"Kent","email":"kdbecher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalkhoff, Stephen J. 0000-0003-4110-1716 sjkalkho@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4110-1716","contributorId":1731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalkhoff","given":"Stephen","email":"sjkalkho@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":222234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schnoebelen, Douglas J.","contributorId":87514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnes, Kimberlee K.","contributorId":41476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Kimberlee K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, Von E.","contributorId":102551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Von","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":222238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":33017,"text":"wri20004012 - 2001 - Effects of Pumping on Ground-Water Flow Near Water-Supply Wells in the Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer, Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:16","indexId":"wri20004012","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4012","title":"Effects of Pumping on Ground-Water Flow Near Water-Supply Wells in the Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer, Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Since the 1970's, hexavalent chromium has been detected in concentrations as great as 1.0 milligram per liter in wells at the Puchack well field operated by the Camden City Department of Utilities, Water Division (Water Department), forcing the Water Department to progressively remove five of its six wells from service between 1975 and 1988. The wells in the Puchack well field range in depth from 140 to 220 feet and are screened in the Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer. The Water Department has continued to pump Puchack Well 1 to maintain a hydraulic gradient toward the well field in an attempt to limit contaminant migration. In late 1997, concerns about treating the water withdrawn from Puchack Well 1 led water managers to consider temporarily discontinuing the pumping. \r\n\r\nIn the spring of 1998, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, began a preliminary assessment of the potential effects of temporarily removing Puchack Well 1 from service. Water levels in the Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer were measured during both pumping and nonpumping conditions to determine the direction and velocity of ground-water flow and the results were compared. \r\n\r\nData collected in late March and early April 1998 indicate the presence of a ground-water divide between the Puchack well field and the Morris and Delair well fields when Puchack Well 1 was being pumped. A similar divide also was present when the well was not being pumped. The position and persistence of this divide limits the probability that contaminants in the vicinity of the Puchack well field will reach the Delair and Morris well fields during either pumping condition. Another divide southeast of Puchack Well 1 while the well was being pumped was no longer evident when the pumping was stopped and water levels had recovered. Under non-pumping conditions, ground water between Puchack Well 1 and this divide could begin to migrate toward other large pumping centers to the southeast. The average linear ground-water velocity along an arbitrarily selected southeast-trending flow path was estimated to be from 221 to 332 feet per year. This estimate indicates that any contaminated ground water that may be present within the area influenced by pumping at Puchack Well 1 may begin to move toward the pumping centers less than 2 miles to the southeast if Puchack Well 1 is either temporarily or permanently removed from service.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20004012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Walker, R.L., 2001, Effects of Pumping on Ground-Water Flow Near Water-Supply Wells in the Lower Potomac-Raritan-Magothy Aquifer, Pennsauken Township, Camden County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4012, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20004012.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":163717,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12124,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri00-4012/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76,39 ], [ -76,40 ], [ -75,40 ], [ -75,39 ], [ -76,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624f04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walker, Richard L.","contributorId":38961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":33025,"text":"wri014192 - 2001 - Analysis of suspended-sediment concentrations and radioisotope levels in the Wild Rice River basin, northwestern Minnesota, 1973-98","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T11:26:19","indexId":"wri014192","displayToPublicDate":"2002-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4192","title":"Analysis of suspended-sediment concentrations and radioisotope levels in the Wild Rice River basin, northwestern Minnesota, 1973-98","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined historical suspended-sediment data and activities of fallout radioisotopes (lead-210 [</span><sup>210</sup><span>Pb], cesium-137 [</span><sup>137</sup><span>Cs], and beryllium-7 [</span><sup>7</sup><span>Be]) associated with suspended sediments and source-area sediments (cultivated soils, bank material, and reference soils) in the Wild Rice River Basin, a tributary to the Red River of the North, to better understand sources of suspended sediment to streams in the region. Multiple linear regression analysis of suspended-sediment concentrations from the Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minnesota indicated significant relations between suspended-sediment concentrations and streamflow. Flow-adjusted sediment concentrations tended to be slightly higher in spring than summer-autumn. No temporal trends in concentration were observed during 1973-98. The fallout radioisotopes were nearly always detectable in suspended sediments during spring-summer 1998. Mean&nbsp;</span><sup>210</sup><span>Pb and&nbsp;</span><sup>7</sup><span>Be activities in suspended sediment and surficial, cultivated soils were similar, perhaps indicating little dilution of suspended sediment from low-isotopic-activity bank sediments. In contrast, mean&nbsp;</span><sup>137</sup><span>Cs activities in suspended sediment indicated a mixture of sediment originating from eroded soils and from eroded bank material, with bank material being a somewhat more important source upstream of Twin Valley, Minnesota; and approximately equal fractions of bank material and surficial soils contributing to the suspended load downstream at Hendrum, Minnesota. This study indicates that, to be effective, efforts to reduce sediment loading to the Wild Rice River should include measures to control soil erosion from cultivated fields.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Mounds View, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri014192","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources","usgsCitation":"Brigham, M.E., McCullough, C.J., and Wilkinson, P.M., 2001, Analysis of suspended-sediment concentrations and radioisotope levels in the Wild Rice River basin, northwestern Minnesota, 1973-98: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4192, iv, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014192.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320147,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri014192.JPG"},{"id":3199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri01-4192/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12264,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://mn.water.usgs.gov/publications/pubs/01-4192.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Wild Rice River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -97,\n              47.61727271567975\n            ],\n            [\n              -97,\n              46.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.1,\n              46.7\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.1,\n              47.61727271567975\n            ],\n            [\n              -97,\n              47.61727271567975\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db68009a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":209717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCullough, Carolyn J.","contributorId":74422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCullough","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilkinson, Philip M.","contributorId":86001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkinson","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":33029,"text":"wri014177 - 2001 - Trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene concentrations in ground water after temporary shutdown of the reclamation well field at Air Force Plant 44, Tucson, Arizona, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-12T09:02:49","indexId":"wri014177","displayToPublicDate":"2002-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4177","title":"Trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene concentrations in ground water after temporary shutdown of the reclamation well field at Air Force Plant 44, Tucson, Arizona, 1999","docAbstract":"<p>Industrial activities beginning in the early 1940s resulted in extensive contamination of ground water near the Tucson International Airport, Tucson, Arizona, including an area around Air Force Plant 44, an industrial facility located on land owned by the U.S. Air Force and operated by a defense contractor. Principal ground-water contaminants are volatile organic compounds, primarily trichloroethylene (also called trichloroethene) and 1,1-dichloroethylene (also called 1,1-dichloroethene). A ground- water reclamation system was put into operation in 1987 to extract and treat contaminated ground water at Air Force Plant 44 and the downgradient area that is south of Los Reales Road. The ground- water reclamation system consists of 25 extraction wells, 22 recharge wells, and a water-treatment facility. Soil-vapor extraction techniques are being used to remove volatile organic compounds from the unsaturated zone. More than 120,000 pounds of volatile organic compounds have been removed from the regional aquifer and overlying unsaturated zone at Air Force Plant 44 and adjacent downgradient areas south of Los Reales Road. Air Force Plant 44 and adjacent areas being remediated by the ground-water reclamation system are about 7 square miles.</p>\n<br>\n<p>To assess ground-water cleanup progress at Air Force Plant 44 and surrounding areas south of Los Reales Road, and possibly to identify areas that are resistant to cleanup attempts, ground-water samples were collected and analyzed after water levels had returned to near-equilibrium conditions following a 3-week shutdown of extraction and recharge wells. Modifications of the standard ground-water sampling procedures used at the site also were tested. The modifications included tests of a reduced-flow purging and sampling method in six monitoring wells and vertical- profile sampling in five extraction wells at the reclamation well field.</p>\n<br>\n<p>The water treatment facility and all extraction and recharge wells at the reclamation well field were shut down on April 15, 1999, and water levels were allowed to recover for about 3 weeks before samples of ground water were obtained from 102 wells at Air Force Plant 44 and surrounding areas. Concentrations of trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene were determined for samples obtained during the sitewide sampling effort. Data for 101 wells sampled in February 1999 before shutdown were compared with data obtained for wells sampled in May 1999 after shutdown. Concentrations of trichloroethylene increased in 36 wells, remained the same in 32 wells, and decreased in 33 wells. Increases in concentrations of trichloroethylene of as much as 1,476 micrograms per liter and decreases of as much as 2,292 micrograms per liter were reported after shutdown. Concentrations of trichloroethylene remained the same for the two sampling periods in wells that had concentrations that were at, or close to, the lower reporting limit (0.5 micrograms per liter) before shutdown. Net change in concentrations of trichloroethylene after shutdown on a percentage basis ranged from an increase of 1,300 percent to a decrease of 100 percent. Increases in concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethylene after shutdown of the reclamation well field of as much as 66 micrograms per liter and decreases of as much as 411.6 micro- grams per liter were reported. Concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethylene remained the same for the two sampling periods in wells that had concentrations that were at, or close to, the lower reporting limit (0.5 micrograms per liter) before shutdown. Net change in concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethylene after shutdown on a percentage basis ranged from an increase of 660 percent to a decrease of 100 percent.</p> \n<br>\n<p>Data obtained from the water samples indicate\nthat the largest changes in concentrations of\ntrichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene\noccurred in samples collected from wells\ncompleted in the upper zone of the regional\naquifer, along the axis of the contaminant plume,\nin close proximity to previously identified\nhistorical disposal areas. Changes in contaminant\nconcentrations observed after shutdown of the well\nfield probably were the result of changes in\nground-water flow directions under nonpumping\nconditions compared with those present when the\nextraction and recharge wells were operating.\nMinimal changes occurred at the perimeter of the\nplume, which suggests that operation of the\nreclamation well field has been successful at containing the spread of the plume. New\ncontaminant-source areas were not identified\nwithin the perimeter of the plume.</p>\n<br>\n<p>A modification of the standard sampling\ntechnique used at Air Force Plant 44 was tested in\nsix wells. In these wells, greatly reduced flow rates\nwere used for well purging and sampling. Results\nindicate no distinct pattern of change of\ncontaminant concentrations compared with\nconcentrations in samples subsequently obtained\nusing the standard technique, and no advantage\nwas evident for using this method in routine\nsampling of the monitoring wells at Air Force\nPlant 44.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Temperature profiles obtained before vertical-profile\nsampling of selected wells indicate little\ntemperature variation with depth. The\ntemperature-profile information suggests that\nunder nonpumping conditions, most of the water\nenters these wells near the top of the screened\ninterval and moves downward in response to a\nhydraulic gradient in the regional aquifer. Samples\nat depths below the top of the screened interval\nprobably do not accurately represent water from\nthe adjacent sediments.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Vertical-profile samples were obtained in five\nwells and analyzed for concentrations of\ntrichloroethylene. None of the wells showed large\nenough variation of contaminant concentrations\nwith depth to indicate that a major improvement in\nextraction efficiency could be obtained by\npumping selectively from a restricted interval.\nThe largest variation in concentrations of\ntrichloroethylene with depth that was observed\nranged from 62 micrograms per liter near the top\nof the screened interval to 42 micrograms per liter\nnear the bottom of the screened interval of one of\nthe wells. The lack of large variation is probably\nthe result of downward water flow in the casing of\nthese wells.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","doi":"10.3133/wri014177","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Air Force","usgsCitation":"Graham, D., Allen, T., Barackman, M., DiGuiseppi, W., and Wallace, M., 2001, Trichloroethylene and 1,1-dichloroethylene concentrations in ground water after temporary shutdown of the reclamation well field at Air Force Plant 44, Tucson, Arizona, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4177, vi, 40 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014177.","productDescription":"vi, 40 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288417,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288416,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4177/report.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Albers Equal-Area Conic projection","country":"United States","state":"Arizona","city":"Tucson","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.25,31.75 ], [ -111.25,32.5 ], [ -110.5,32.5 ], [ -110.5,31.75 ], [ -111.25,31.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697a46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, D. D.","contributorId":68314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, T.J.","contributorId":35650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barackman, M.L.","contributorId":94590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barackman","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DiGuiseppi, W.H.","contributorId":42136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiGuiseppi","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wallace, M.F.","contributorId":85883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"M.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":209729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
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