{"pageNumber":"1411","pageRowStart":"35250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":40871,"records":[{"id":70208308,"text":"70208308 - 1990 - Diagenesis and interstitial-water chemistry at the Peruvian continental margin; major constituents and strontium isotopes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-03T14:20:41","indexId":"70208308","displayToPublicDate":"1990-02-03T14:12:29","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5905,"text":"Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diagenesis and interstitial-water chemistry at the Peruvian continental margin; major constituents and strontium isotopes","docAbstract":"<p>Two distinct hydrogeochemical regimes currently dominate the Peruvian continental margin. One, in shallower water (150-450 m) shelf to upper-slope regions, is characterized by interstitial waters with strong positive chloride gradients with depth. The maximum measured value of 1043 mM chloride at Site 680 at ITS corresponds to a degree of seawater evaporation of ~2 times. Major ion chemistry and strontioum isotopic composition of the interstitial waters suggest that a subsurface brine that has a marine origin and is of pre-early Miocene \"age,\" profoundly influences the chemistry and diagenesis of this shelf environment. Site 684 at ~9°S must be closest to the source of this brine, which becomes diluted with seawater and/or interstitial water as it flows southward toward Site 686 at ~13°S (and probably beyond) at a rate of approximately 3 to 4 cm/yr, since early Miocene time. </p><p>The other regime, in deep water (3000-5000 m) middle to lower-slope regions, is characterized by interstitial waters with steep negative and nonsteady-state chloride gradients with depth. The minimum measured value of 454 mM chloride, at Site 683 at ITS, corresponds to —20% dilution of seawater chloride The most probably sources of these low-chloride fluids are gas hydrate dissociation and mineral (particularly clay) dehydration reactions. Fluid advection is consistent with (1) the extent of dilution shown in the chloride profiles, (2) the striking nonsteady-state depth profiles of chlorides at Sites 683 and 688 and of 87Sr/86Sr ratios at Site 685, and (3) the temperatures resulting from an average geothermal gradient of 50°C/km and required for clay mineral dehydration reactions. Strontium isotope data reveal two separate fluid regimes in this slope region: a more northerly one at Sites 683 and 685 that is influenced by fluids with a radiogenic continental strontium signature, and a southerly one at Sites 682 and 688 that is influenced by fluids with a nonradiogenic oceanic signatures. Stratigraphically controlled fluid migration seems to prevail in this margin. </p><p>Because of its special tectonic setting, Site 679 at ITS is geochemically distinct. The interstitial waters are characterized by seawater chloride concentrations to —200 mbsf and deeper by a significantly lower chloride concentration of about two-thirds of the value in seawater, suggesting mixing with a meteoric water source. Regardless of the hydrogeochemical regime, the chemistry and isotopic compositions of the interstitial waters at all sites are markedly modified by diagenesis, particularly by calcite and dolomite crystallization. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/odp.proc.sr.112.144.1990","usgsCitation":"Kastner, M., Elderfield, H., Martin, J., Suess, E., Kvenvolden, K.A., and Garrison, R.E., 1990, Diagenesis and interstitial-water chemistry at the Peruvian continental margin; major constituents and strontium isotopes: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, v. 112, p. 413-440, https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.112.144.1990.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"413","endPage":"440","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/odp.proc.sr.112.144.1990","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":371968,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Peru","otherGeospatial":"Peruvian Continental Margin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -79.7607421875,\n              -14.093957177836224\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.849609375,\n              -14.093957177836224\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.849609375,\n              -7.841615185204699\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7607421875,\n              -7.841615185204699\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.7607421875,\n              -14.093957177836224\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"112","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kastner, Miriam","contributorId":24187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kastner","given":"Miriam","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elderfield, Henry","contributorId":222137,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Elderfield","given":"Henry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Martin, J.B.","contributorId":32923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suess, Erwin","contributorId":138538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Suess","given":"Erwin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Garrison, Robert E.","contributorId":21940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":5222336,"text":"5222336 - 1990 - Estimation of recruitment from immigration versus in situ reproduction using Pollock's robust design","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-18T15:07:55.251182","indexId":"5222336","displayToPublicDate":"1990-02-01T12:19:08","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of recruitment from immigration versus in situ reproduction using Pollock's robust design","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recruitment to animal populations can occur through both immigration and in situ reproduction. These two components of recruitment are conceptually distinct and lead to different mechanistic models of population dynamics. We describe a capture—recapture design that can be used to obtain separate estimates of two recruitment components. We then illustrate the use of our method and estimators with capture—recapture data from a population of Microtus pennsylvanicus at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Maryland.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.2307/1940243","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J.D., and Pollock, K.H., 1990, Estimation of recruitment from immigration versus in situ reproduction using Pollock's robust design: Ecology, v. 71, no. 1, p. 21-26, https://doi.org/10.2307/1940243.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"26","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196872,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d6bf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":336105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pollock, Kenneth H.","contributorId":8590,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pollock","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70202111,"text":"70202111 - 1990 - Lava flow surface textures: SIR-B radar image texture, field observations, and terrain measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-11T11:43:50","indexId":"70202111","displayToPublicDate":"1990-02-01T11:42:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3052,"text":"Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lava flow surface textures: SIR-B radar image texture, field observations, and terrain measurements","docAbstract":"<p>Space Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-8) images, field observations, and small-scale (cm) terrain measurements are used to study lava flow surface textures related to emplacement processes of a single hawaiian lava flow. Although smooth pahoehoe textures are poorly characterized on the SIR-B data, rougher pahoehoe types and the a'a flow portion show image textures attributed to spatial variations in surface roughness. Field observations of six distinct lava flow textural units are described and used to interpret modes of emplacement. Terrain measurements of these units show that surface roughness differs across and along the flow, apparently due to shear during flow emplacement. The radar smooth/rough boundary between pahoehoe and a'a occurs at a vertical relief of -10 cm on this lava flow. While direct observation and measurement most readily yield information related to lava eruption and emplacement processes, analyses of remote sensing data such as those acquired by imaging radars and altimeters can provide a means of quantifying surface texture, identifying the size and distribution of flow components, and delineating textural unit boundaries. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","usgsCitation":"Gaddis, L.R., Mouginis-Mark, P.J., and Hayashi, J.N., 1990, Lava flow surface textures: SIR-B radar image texture, field observations, and terrain measurements: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, v. 56, no. 2, p. 211-224.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"224","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":361133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gaddis, Lisa R. 0000-0001-9953-5483 lgaddis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9953-5483","contributorId":2817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaddis","given":"Lisa","email":"lgaddis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":756942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mouginis-Mark, Peter J. 0000-0002-7173-6141","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7173-6141","contributorId":36793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mouginis-Mark","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hayashi, Joan N.","contributorId":213090,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hayashi","given":"Joan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":756944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70208053,"text":"70208053 - 1990 - Physical and chemical properties of the phosphate deposit on Nauru, western equatorial Pacific Ocean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-25T10:12:23","indexId":"70208053","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-25T10:08:11","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Physical and chemical properties of the phosphate deposit on Nauru, western equatorial Pacific Ocean","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Phosphate deposits of the world, vol. 3. Neogene to Modern phosphorites","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press, Cambridge","isbn":"0 521 33370 9","usgsCitation":"Piper, D.Z., Loebner, B., and Aharon, P., 1990, Physical and chemical properties of the phosphate deposit on Nauru, western equatorial Pacific Ocean, chap. <i>of</i> Phosphate deposits of the world, vol. 3. Neogene to Modern phosphorites, v. 3, p. 177-194.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"194","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piper, David Z. dzpiper@usgs.gov","contributorId":2452,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piper","given":"David","email":"dzpiper@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":780285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loebner, B.J.","contributorId":23686,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loebner","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aharon, P.","contributorId":221806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aharon","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":780287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70242104,"text":"70242104 - 1990 - Response: California aftershock model uncertainties","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T18:04:46.432652","indexId":"70242104","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-19T12:50:04","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response: California aftershock model uncertainties","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.247.4940.343.b","usgsCitation":"Reasenberg, P.A., and Matthews, M.V., 1990, Response: California aftershock model uncertainties: Science, v. 247, no. 4940, p. 343-345, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4940.343.b.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"343","endPage":"345","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.16086221594313,\n              32.61470678645827\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.76871078478102,\n              32.718348563475345\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.87604218763713,\n              33.4536316916804\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.53265782863859,\n              34.01019998390451\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.65648075266043,\n              33.936898081633615\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.12053122971457,\n              33.466799816315785\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.16086221594313,\n              32.61470678645827\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"247","issue":"4940","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reasenberg, Paul A.","contributorId":39430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reasenberg","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matthews, Mark V.","contributorId":81797,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matthews","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70016216,"text":"70016216 - 1990 - Palaeobotanical evidence for a marked temperature increase following the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-30T16:52:16.840862","indexId":"70016216","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palaeobotanical evidence for a marked temperature increase following the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary","docAbstract":"<p><span>Correspondence analysis of dicot leaf physiognomy of modern vegetational samples from a wide range of environments indicates that &gt;70% of physiognomic variation corresponds to water or temperature factors, or both. Despite wide variation in single physiognomic characters, overall trends can be used to distinguish between samples from different climates. Some climate parameters are well correlated with changes in physiognomy, so that climate characteristics can be inferred from physiognomic analyses. Here I apply this climate–leaf analysis multivariate program (CLAMP) to leaf assemblages from the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. The results indicate a fourfold increase in precipitation at the boundary and an increase in mean annual temperature of 10°C. These levels persisted for 0.5–1.0 Myr, after which preá-cipitation decreased to about three times the values for the latest Cretaceous, and the mean annual temperature decreased to 5–6°C above latest Cretaceous values.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/343153a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Wolfe, J.A., 1990, Palaeobotanical evidence for a marked temperature increase following the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Nature, v. 343, no. 6254, p. 153-156, https://doi.org/10.1038/343153a0.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"156","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223357,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"343","issue":"6254","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73a1e4b0c8380cd77163","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolfe, J. A.","contributorId":14026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70221504,"text":"70221504 - 1990 - Plant microfossil record of the terminal cretaceous event in the western United States and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-21T11:48:37.420783","indexId":"70221504","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T17:10:35","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5198,"text":"Geological Society of America Special Papers ","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant microfossil record of the terminal cretaceous event in the western United States and Canada","docAbstract":"<p><span>Shortly after the introduction of the extraterrestrial-impact hypothesis of the&nbsp;</span>terminal<span>&nbsp;</span>Cretaceous<span>&nbsp;</span>event<span>&nbsp;(TCE),&nbsp;</span>plant<span>&nbsp;microfossils, which had been used to locate the&nbsp;</span>Cretaceous<span>/Tertiary (K/T) boundary&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;nonmarine rocks, became critical to its precise identification; they continue to serve&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;this capacity. The K/T boundary&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;nonmarine rocks from New Mexico to Alberta is identified by the coincidence of a palynological extinction horizon and an iridium abundance anomaly.&nbsp;</span>Plant<span>&nbsp;microfossils provide evidence of the effects of the TCE and place constraints on theories of its cause. Changes&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>plant<span>&nbsp;</span>microfossil<span>&nbsp;assemblages within intervals spanning the K/T boundary are evidence of abrupt and permanent changes&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;terrestrial, floras that were a consequence of the TCE; these changes are essentially independent of lithofacies. Extinction levels varied among major groups of plants (angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes), but simultaneously affected different&nbsp;</span>plant<span>&nbsp;communities throughout the region. The abrupt nature of the extinction across&nbsp;</span>western<span>&nbsp;North America is consistent with the impact hypothesis; it is inconsistent with progressive change&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;paleoclimate possibly being the cause of the&nbsp;</span>terminal<span>&nbsp;</span>Cretaceous<span>&nbsp;extinctions. By causing the extinction of a significant portion of the Late&nbsp;</span>Cretaceous<span>&nbsp;flora of the region, the TCE influenced the development of the modern flora, but its effects appear to have been concentrated&nbsp;</span>in<span>&nbsp;</span>western<span>&nbsp;North America.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE247-p445","usgsCitation":"Nichols, D.J., and Fleming, R., 1990, Plant microfossil record of the terminal cretaceous event in the western United States and Canada: Geological Society of America Special Papers , v. 247, p. 445-455, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE247-p445.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"445","endPage":"455","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386597,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -130.166015625,\n              31.87755764334002\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.65625,\n              31.87755764334002\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.65625,\n              54.521081495443596\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.166015625,\n              54.521081495443596\n            ],\n            [\n              -130.166015625,\n              31.87755764334002\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"247","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fleming, R. Farley","contributorId":83950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleming","given":"R. Farley","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70241999,"text":"70241999 - 1990 - Chapter 5: Petrology and geochemistry of the metaluminous to peraluminous Chemehuevi Mountains Plutonic Suite, southeastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T21:54:35.696578","indexId":"70241999","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T16:37:44","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 5: Petrology and geochemistry of the metaluminous to peraluminous Chemehuevi Mountains Plutonic Suite, southeastern California","docAbstract":"<p>Structural relief resulting from middle Tertiary extensional deformation in the Chemehuevi Mountains exposes a unique cross section through a temporally and compositionally zoned (both vertically and horizontally), laccolith-shaped intrusion of Late Cretaceous age. The calc-alkalic, metaluminous to peraluminous Chemehuevi Mountains Plutonic Suite exhibits crude normal, vertical, and temporal zonation. The zones are progressively younger and more felsic away from the roof and walls; the most differentiated material is concentrated toward the center and floor of the intrusion. Hornblende-biotite- and biotite granodiorite are metaluminous and form the outer margin of the intrusion along the northern and southern walls, and sill-like bodies in an older suite of granitoids and Proterozoic basement rocks. Locally these rocks bear a sub-horizontal, southwest-trending, mylonitic lineation, considered to be synchronous with regional mylonitic deformation. Later and more evolved units are subequigranular to porphyritic, metaluminous to weakly peraluminous biotite granodiorite to granite, and make up the greatest proportion of the intrusion. The youngest, most leucocratic members of the suite are undeformed, locally garnetiferous muscovite granite and granodiorite that form the central part of the intrusion.</p><p>Major, trace, and rare earth element data indicate that the magmas of the Cheme-huevi Mountains Plutonic Suite became progressively enriched in Si, K, Rb, Mn, Y, U, and heavy rare earth elements (REE). Fractional crystallization of some REE–rich accessory minerals was important in producing some of these trends. Although modest compositional breaks occur across internal contacts, the general continuity of trends from field, modal, and chemical data suggests that these rocks constitute a comagmatic intrusive suite. Estimates for the pressure of emplacement of the suite vary from 4 to 6 kbar, or a minimum depth of 12 km. Preliminary Pb-, Sr-, and oxygen-isotopic data, together with the REE chemistry, suggest that the Chemehuevi Mountains Plutonic Suite was derived from a heterogeneous crustal source. Compositional variations within the plutonic suite are consistent with open-system fractionation, involving fractional crystallization of discrete batches of magma derived from the melting of a heterogeneous crustal source under H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated conditions.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM174-p71","usgsCitation":"John, B.E., and Wooden, J., 1990, Chapter 5: Petrology and geochemistry of the metaluminous to peraluminous Chemehuevi Mountains Plutonic Suite, southeastern California, chap. <i>of</i> The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism, v. 174, p. 71-98, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM174-p71.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"98","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415133,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Chemehuevi Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.46082867553369,\n              34.561225468139256\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.46015387037409,\n              34.57713413095348\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.43349937348641,\n              34.59907755802199\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.42607660220145,\n              34.60074391063107\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.42607660220145,\n              34.612407442737066\n            ],\n            [\n              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Joe","contributorId":14313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70241997,"text":"70241997 - 1990 - Chapter 21: Neodymium, strontium, and trace-element evidence of crustal anatexis and magma mixing in the Idaho batholith","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T21:11:23.853533","indexId":"70241997","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T15:57:54","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 21: Neodymium, strontium, and trace-element evidence of crustal anatexis and magma mixing in the Idaho batholith","docAbstract":"<p>Variations in initial<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>143</sup>Nd/<sup>144</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>Nd in Late Cretaceous plutonic rocks along the South Fork of the Clearwater River (SFCR) supplement results of Sr and O studies, which demonstrate large-scale mixing in magmas forming the western margin of the Idaho batholith. These marginal or border phases of the batholith span the terrane boundary between Proterozoic crust of North America and late Paleozoic-Mesozoic intraoceanic arc terranes (WSD terranes), delineated by the Western Idaho suture zone (or WISZ).<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>ɛ</sup>Nd<sup>(t)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>values in Early Cretaceous and older, pre-accretionary plutons of the WSD range from +3 to +7.6, and average +5.7. Proterozoic orthogneisses and metasedimentary rocks range from -7.4 to -13.7 and -10.45 to -15.7, respectively.<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>ɛ</sup>Nd<sup>(t)</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>in Late Cretaceous plutons of the SFCR decreases abruptly from west to east near the WISZ, varying inversely with ɛSr<sup>(t)</sup>. Although Sr isotopic evidence (Fleck and Criss, 1985) is consistent with a binary mixing model, Sm-Nd results modify those conclusions, suggesting that SFCR plutons may be divided into three groups. Group 1 plutons occur in a narrow zone (&lt;4 km width) along the suture zone (WISZ). These bodies probably represent at least three-component mixtures of very high-Sr, arc-type magmas, one or more Proterozoic crustal components that may include lower crust, and a high-Nb, high-Zr component. Group 2 plutons are characterized by high ɛSr<sup>(t)</sup>.and nearly constant, low ɛNd<sup>(t)</sup>. These bodies are thought to represent mixtures of deep-seated partial melts of two different Proterozoic lithospheric types, possibly representing upper and lower crust. Plutons belonging to Group 3 have ɛNd<sup>(t)</sup>.values &lt;-14 and probably incorporated substantial amounts of Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks, but mixing components are poorly defined.</p><p>Trace-element variations in SFCR rocks also reflect the arc terrane-continental crustal boundary as Nb, Zr, and Nd increase dramatically, whereas Sr, Rb/Nb, and Sm/Nd exhibit coincident decreases east of the WISZ. Modeling of these variations with the isotopic variations in Nd and Sr supports mixing, but precludes contamination-bulk-assimilation models. Correlated ɛNd, ɛSr, and δ<sup>18</sup>O within the SFCR favors mixing of crustal and subcrustal magmas rather than derivation of the melts entirely from subcontinental lithosphere.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM174-p359","usgsCitation":"Fleck, R.J., 1990, Chapter 21: Neodymium, strontium, and trace-element evidence of crustal anatexis and magma mixing in the Idaho batholith, chap. <i>of</i> The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism, v. 174, p. 359-374, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM174-p359.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"359","endPage":"374","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415125,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.72255873206723,\n              47.96477348100723\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.72255873206723,\n              43.0950493093458\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05361477858645,\n              43.0950493093458\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.05361477858645,\n              47.96477348100723\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.72255873206723,\n              47.96477348100723\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Anderson, J. Lawford","contributorId":7275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Lawford","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868479,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70006920,"text":"70006920 - 1990 - Evaluation of condition indices for estimation of growth of largemouth bass and white crappie","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-10-15T17:16:41","indexId":"70006920","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T15:29:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of condition indices for estimation of growth of largemouth bass and white crappie","docAbstract":"We evaluated the ability of three condition indices-condition factor (<i>K</i>), relative condition (<i>K<sub>n</sub></i>), and relative weight (<i>W<sub>r</sub></i>)-to estimate annual growth rates of largemouth bass <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> and white crappies <i>Pomoxis annularis</i> collected during standardized autumn electrofishing and trap-net surveys of Texas reservoirs. Multiple-regression models for estimation of length increments from initial length (at the start of the growing season) and condition indices had R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.63-0.76 for largemouth bass and 0.46-0.83 for white crappie. However, these models are not useful for indirect estimation ofgrowth rates because growth must be known (initial length equals length at capture minus estimated annual growth). Models based on length at capture and condition indices had R<sup>2</sup> values of 0.22-0.68 for largemouth bass and less than 0.45 for white crappie. The low precision of models based on length at capture indicates that condition provides a weak basis for indirect estimation of growth rates from Texas reservoirs sampled during autumn and, therefore, is unreliable for detection of size-related growth phenomena such as \"stockpiling\" (size specific, density-dependent growth depression). Direct estimates of growth rates based on back-calculations or tagging data seem necessary for reliable detection of size-related growth patterns for largemouth bass and white crappies from Texas reservoirs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","publisherLocation":"Philadelphia, PA","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(1990)010<0434:EOCIFE>2.3.CO;2","collaboration":"Abstract has subscript/superscript to be fixed","usgsCitation":"Gutreuter, S., and Childress, W.M., 1990, Evaluation of condition indices for estimation of growth of largemouth bass and white crappie: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 10, no. 4, p. 434-441, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1990)010<0434:EOCIFE>2.3.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"434","endPage":"441","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":262595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":262593,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1990)010<0434:EOCIFE>2.3.CO;2"}],"volume":"10","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50dc9fd4e4b0d55926e3e6b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gutreuter, Steve","contributorId":91437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutreuter","given":"Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Childress, W. Michael","contributorId":6733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Childress","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047459,"text":"70047459 - 1990 - Digital line graphs from 1:24,000-scale maps","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-09-19T13:13:11","indexId":"70047459","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T15:16:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":357,"text":"Data Users Guide","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"seriesNumber":"1","title":"Digital line graphs from 1:24,000-scale maps","docAbstract":"The Earth Science Information Centers (ESIC) distribute digital cartographic/geographic data files produced by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the National Mapping Program. Digital cartographic data flles are grouped into four basic types. The first of these, called a Digital Line . Graph (DLG), is line map information in digital form. These data files include information on planimetric base categories, such as transportation, hydrography, and boundaries. The second type, called a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), consists of a sampled array of elevations for a number of ground positions that are usually at regularly spaced intervals. The third type is Land Use and Land Cover digital data, which provides information on nine major classes of land use such as urban, agricultural, or forest as wen as associated map data such as political units and Federal land ownership. The fourth type, the Geographic Names Information System, provides primary information for all known places, features, and areas in the United States identified by a proper name.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70047459","usgsCitation":"U.S. Geological Survey National Mapping Division, 1990, Digital line graphs from 1:24,000-scale maps (Second printing (revised)): Data Users Guide 1, iv, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70047459.","productDescription":"iv, 107 p.","numberOfPages":"113","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277875,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047459/report.pdf"},{"id":276132,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70047459/report-thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Second printing (revised)","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52021ae2e4b0e21cafa49c38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Mapping Division","contributorId":128185,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Geological Survey National Mapping Division","id":535573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70242055,"text":"70242055 - 1990 - Chapter 22: Changing patterns of extensional tectonics; Overprinting of the basin of the middle and upper Miocene Esmeralda Formation in western Nevada by younger structural basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T19:47:04.144312","indexId":"70242055","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T14:32:46","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 22: Changing patterns of extensional tectonics; Overprinting of the basin of the middle and upper Miocene Esmeralda Formation in western Nevada by younger structural basins","docAbstract":"<p><span>The middle and upper Miocene Esmeralda Formation of western Nevada was deposited in a continental basin that crops out over an area of about 2,000 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>. The formation consists of thin, westerly derived sedimentary rocks in the western three-quarters of the outcrop area and of thick (3+ km) easterly derived sedimentary rocks in the eastern quarter. Megabreccias along the eastern margin of the basin are interpreted as landslide deposits derived from fault scarps. The basin was probably a half-graben with a major fault or faults on the east side. The position of the basin, its size, and the inferred major syndepositional faults on its east side are all unrelated to present-day topography and the distribution of major faults in the area and indicate a change in paleogeography and structural pattern since the late Miocene. In the eastern part of the basin, this change was accompanied by deformation that includes low-angle-fault detachment of the Esmeralda Formation from underlying amphibolite-grade Late Proterozoic and lower Paleozoic rocks in the Mineral Ridge-Weepah Hills area and uplift, folding, faulting, tilting, and surface exposure of the entire 3+ km thickness of the formation. Middle and upper Miocene basins in the northern part of the Basin and Range province commonly have been attributed to the onset of basin-range tectonism. The tectonic history of the Esmeralda Formation, however, indicates that some of these basins do not occupy the same area, nor are they related to the same syndepositional faults, as present basins. The extensional basin of the Esmeralda Formation can be viewed either as an early structure in an evolving, but kinematically related, extensional terrane in which the distribution of basins and faults changed gradually with time, or as the product of an extensional event kinematically different from that which produced present structures in the same area. The latter hypothesis is favored because of the marked contrasts in the paleogeography and structures associated with the Esmeralda basin compared with modern basins.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Basin and Range extensional tectonics near the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM176-p447","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.H., and Diamond, D.S., 1990, Chapter 22: Changing patterns of extensional tectonics; Overprinting of the basin of the middle and upper Miocene Esmeralda Formation in western Nevada by younger structural basins, chap. <i>of</i> Basin and Range extensional tectonics near the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada, v. 176, p. 447-476, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM176-p447.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"447","endPage":"476","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415289,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Esmerelda County, Mineral County, Mono County","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.30725359509913,\n              38.09179976780905\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30725359509913,\n              37.46076186262489\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.18163912792792,\n              37.46076186262489\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.18163912792792,\n              38.09179976780905\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.30725359509913,\n              38.09179976780905\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"176","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Wernicke, Brian P.","contributorId":204208,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wernicke","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":36877,"text":"Cal Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":868711,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":83086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diamond, David S.","contributorId":303953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Diamond","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70242781,"text":"70242781 - 1990 - Lithology and evolution of the crust-mantle boundary region in the southwestern Basin and Range Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T19:38:32.599148","indexId":"70242781","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T14:29:11","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lithology and evolution of the crust-mantle boundary region in the southwestern Basin and Range Province","docAbstract":"<p><span>Mantle and crustal xenoliths from volcanic rocks in the southwestern Basin and Range province and Colorado Plateau Transition Zone reveal histories of episodic magmatism and deformation that have profoundly influenced the crustal structure of this region. Seismic transects in this area show a strongly reflective Moho of generally low relief, which, in the area of modern transects, consists of a thin zone (&lt;2 km thick) of short reflectors. The upper mantle is transparent and has a&nbsp;</span><i>P<sub>n</sub></i><span>&nbsp;of 7.8–8.0 km/s similar to much of the western United States. A lower crustal zone, 2–13 km thick, has variable internal reflectivity and a relatively low velocity of 6.6–6.8 km/s. Upper mantle peridotite xenoliths show both ductile and brittle deformational features and have structures and compositions affected by magmatic intrusion; intrusions form complex dike systems and extensive zones of grain boundary infiltration in peridotite xenoliths. Whereas melt infiltration preceded and followed ductile deformation, brittle deformation, represented by closely spaced joint systems and faults, followed ductile deformation and is related to the youngest magmatic episodes. These structural characteristics and high uppermost mantle temperature (∼1000°C) may combine to explain the relatively low&nbsp;</span><i>P<sub>n</sub></i><span>. Alternating layers of ductily deformed and undeformed peridotites, with or without igneous intrusions, may contribute to the reflectivity of the Moho. Lower crustal xenoliths are dominantly igneous-textured pyroxenites and mafic to intermediate gabbros identical to the dikes in peridotite xenoliths. The crustal xenoliths also commonly are jointed, and in addition many show partial melting and have abundant cavities that probably were filled with CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>-rich fluids. These rocks are interpreted as products of underplated magmas that were fed through the mantle dike systems and may represent the lowest crustal unit identified in the seismic records. The mafic compositions and high densities of the crustal xenoliths indicate that the low velocity of the lower crust may be caused in part by fracture systems, partial melts, and high temperatures. Garnet granulite xenoliths from a locality with no mantle peridotite xenoliths probably represent crust of the region before late Miocene extension. Felsic granulite xenoliths from two localities have velocities like those of the two lower crustal units identified seismically and could be present in the modern crust as unequilibrated remnants of old crust. The preferred model for the evolution of the lower lithosphere is one in which extension affects the upper mantle as well as the crust and is overlapped in time by multiple magmatic episodes. The earliest magmatic events preceded extension, and later events accompanied and followed extension.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB01p00649","usgsCitation":"American Geophysical Union, 1990, Lithology and evolution of the crust-mantle boundary region in the southwestern Basin and Range Province: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B1, p. 649-665, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB01p00649.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"649","endPage":"665","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415875,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Basin and Range Province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.2296009342291,\n              36.246520391919546\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2296009342291,\n              33.5198044600661\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.71087969886685,\n              33.5198044600661\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.71087969886685,\n              36.246520391919546\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.2296009342291,\n              36.246520391919546\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"95","issue":"B1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW"}
,{"id":70241951,"text":"70241951 - 1990 - Chapter 6: Petrogenesis of the composite peraluminous-metaluminous Old Woman-Piute Range batholith, southeastern California; isotopic constraints","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-31T19:39:16.48289","indexId":"70241951","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T14:10:18","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Chapter 6: Petrogenesis of the composite peraluminous-metaluminous Old Woman-Piute Range batholith, southeastern California; isotopic constraints","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Late Cretaceous Old Woman–Piute Range batholith includes both metaluminous and strongly peraluminous granitoid series that intruded the reactivated craton of southeastern California shortly after the orogenic peak. Whole-rock Sr, Nd, and O, feldspar Pb, and zircon U-Pb isotopic compositions, in combination with major- and trace-element and petrographic data, indicate that although these series are not comagmatic, they both were generated primarily by anatexis of Proterozoic crust. Differences between the two rock types are functions of source compositions: peraluminous granitoids were apparently generated from an intermediate to felsic source, metaluminous granitoids from more mafic igneous material with a possible modest subcrustal contribution. No sedimentary input is required in production of the peraluminous granites, and in fact, chemically mature sedimentary material is ruled out as an important contributor— that is, these are not S-type granites. Lead-isotope data reveal that the crust that yielded both magma series had undergone an ancient high-grade uranium depletion event, but independent evidence indicates that at the time of anatexis this crust was by no means anhydrous.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/MEM174-p99","usgsCitation":"Miller, C., Wooden, J., Bennett, V.C., Wright, J.E., Solomon, G.C., and Hurst, R.W., 1990, Chapter 6: Petrogenesis of the composite peraluminous-metaluminous Old Woman-Piute Range batholith, southeastern California; isotopic constraints, chap. <i>of</i> The nature and origin of Cordilleran magmatism, v. 174, p. 99-109, https://doi.org/10.1130/MEM174-p99.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"109","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415031,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Old Woman-Piute Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.84670605744392,\n              34.83154259104336\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.56017104150754,\n              34.253012292806346\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.19981844268885,\n              33.574789543375786\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.02054716997617,\n              32.62958925227802\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.93964684920972,\n              32.69617222554004\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.93437416471762,\n              34.07503768985197\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.18746302031184,\n              34.271341960500024\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.24727260311218,\n              35.50393513284436\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.05399333031863,\n              35.73538800712413\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.93980432489823,\n              36.085570223885995\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.08216680617,\n              35.439523872039075\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.84670605744392,\n              34.83154259104336\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"174","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Calvin F.","contributorId":18437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Calvin F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868358,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wooden, Joseph L.","contributorId":32209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooden","given":"Joseph L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868359,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bennett, Victoria C.","contributorId":190637,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"Victoria","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, James E.","contributorId":105648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Solomon, G. Cleve","contributorId":303877,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"Cleve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hurst, Richard W.","contributorId":303878,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hurst","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70123841,"text":"70123841 - 1990 - Microphytic crusts: 'topsoil' of the desert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T13:58:33","indexId":"70123841","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T13:57:38","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3031,"text":"Permaculture Drylands Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microphytic crusts: 'topsoil' of the desert","docAbstract":"Deserts throughout the world are the home of microphytic, or cryptogamic, crusts. These crusts are dominated by cyanobacteria, previously called blue-green algae, and also include lichens, mosses, green algae, microfungi and bacteria. They are critical components of desert ecosystems, significantly modifying the surfaces on which they occur. In the cold deserts of the Colorado Plateau (including parts of Utah, Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico), these crusts are extraordinarily well-developed, and may represent 70-80% of the living ground cover.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Permaculture Drylands Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Permaculture Drylands","publisherLocation":"Tucson, AZ","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., 1990, Microphytic crusts: 'topsoil' of the desert: Permaculture Drylands Journal, v. 10, p. 4-5.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"5","numberOfPages":"2","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5410146be4b07ab1cd980a3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":500376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70123840,"text":"70123840 - 1990 - Pattern of solute movement from snow into an upper Michigan stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T13:56:35","indexId":"70123840","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T13:53:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Pattern of solute movement from snow into an upper Michigan stream","docAbstract":"Precipitation, snowpack, snowmelt, and streamwater samples were collected in a small gauged watershed draining into Lake Superior during winter 1987–88 to assess the importance of snowmelt pattern and meltwater pathways in the occurrence of solute pulses in streamwater. The snowpack along the south shore of Lake Superior can contain 50% of annual precipitation inputs and 38% of annual ionic inputs including moderate levels of strong acids. Throughout winter, thawed surface soils and small but steady snowpack moisture release promoted movement of snowpack solutes to surface mineral soils. Preferential elution of K<sup>+</sup>, NH4<sup>+</sup>, and H<sup>+</sup> from the snowpack occurred with the initial thaw. Most ions exhibited pulses in snowmelt. Transport of snowpack solutes to the stream during snowmelt was through near-surface soil macropores and overland flow. For those ions with concentrations higher in the snowpack than in the premelt streamwater, K<sup>+</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and H<sup>+</sup>, the earliest snowmelt pulses had the greatest influence on streamwater chemistry. Unlike other portions of the region with resistant bedrock, the widespread presence of alkaline glacial till provides excess stream acid neutralization capacity (ANC) to buffer acidic inputs. Peak winter streamwater ANC reduction was caused principally by spring melt dilution of base cations and associated alkalinity, constant high SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> levels, and an increase in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>. The maximum reduction in stream ANC was concurrent with overland flow. Relative to its snowmelt concentration, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was highest in streamwater with some stream input likely the result of nitrification and N mineralization.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Research Council of Canada","publisherLocation":"Ottawa","doi":"10.1139/f90-031","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., and Toczydlowski, D., 1990, Pattern of solute movement from snow into an upper Michigan stream: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 47, no. 2, p. 290-300, https://doi.org/10.1139/f90-031.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"300","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293546,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-031"}],"volume":"47","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54101473e4b07ab1cd980aa9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Toczydlowski, D.","contributorId":9790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toczydlowski","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":33109,"text":"b1917S - 1995 - Fluvial architecture of the Lower Cretaceous Lakota Formation, southwestern flank of the Black Hills uplift, South Dakota","indexId":"b1917S","publicationYear":"1995","noYear":false,"chapter":"S","title":"Fluvial architecture of the Lower Cretaceous Lakota Formation, southwestern flank of the Black Hills uplift, South Dakota"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":33118,"text":"b1917T - 1996 - Stratigraphy and tectonic implications of Upper Cretaceous rocks in the Powder River basin, northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana","indexId":"b1917T","publicationYear":"1996","noYear":false,"chapter":"T","title":"Stratigraphy and tectonic implications of Upper Cretaceous rocks in the Powder River basin, northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 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1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":10},{"subject":{"id":47878,"text":"b1917I - 1992 - The Lance Formation: Petrography and stratigraphy, Powder River basin and nearby basins, Wyoming and Montana","indexId":"b1917I","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"I","title":"The Lance Formation: Petrography and stratigraphy, Powder River basin and nearby basins, Wyoming and Montana"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":11},{"subject":{"id":47879,"text":"b1917J - 1992 - Depositional history of Jurassic rocks in the area of the Powder River basin, northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana","indexId":"b1917J","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"J","title":"Depositional history of Jurassic rocks in the area of the Powder River basin, northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":12},{"subject":{"id":47880,"text":"b1917K - 1992 - Organic geochemistry of black shales, marlstones, and oils of Middle Pennsylvanian rocks from the northern Denver and southeastern Powder River basins, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Colorado","indexId":"b1917K","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"K","title":"Organic geochemistry of black shales, marlstones, and oils of Middle Pennsylvanian rocks from the northern Denver and southeastern Powder River basins, Wyoming, Nebraska, and Colorado"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":13},{"subject":{"id":47881,"text":"b1917L - 1993 - Sedimentology and depositional history of the lower Paleocene Tullock Member of the Fort Union Formation, Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana","indexId":"b1917L","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"L","title":"Sedimentology and depositional history of the lower Paleocene Tullock Member of the Fort Union Formation, Powder River basin, Wyoming and Montana"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 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1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":16},{"subject":{"id":47884,"text":"b1917O - 1992 - Miocene cooling in the southwestern Powder River basin, Wyoming: Preliminary evidence from apatite fission-track analysis","indexId":"b1917O","publicationYear":"1992","noYear":false,"chapter":"O","title":"Miocene cooling in the southwestern Powder River basin, Wyoming: Preliminary evidence from apatite fission-track analysis"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":17},{"subject":{"id":47885,"text":"b1917P - 1993 - Depositional history of Triassic rocks in the area of the Powder River basin, northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana","indexId":"b1917P","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"P","title":"Depositional history of Triassic rocks in the area of the Powder River basin, northeastern Wyoming and southeastern Montana"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":18},{"subject":{"id":47886,"text":"b1917Q - 1993 - Origin of thick Lower Tertiary coal beds in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana— Some paleogeographic constraints","indexId":"b1917Q","publicationYear":"1993","noYear":false,"chapter":"Q","title":"Origin of thick Lower Tertiary coal beds in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming and Montana— Some paleogeographic constraints"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":19},{"subject":{"id":47887,"text":"b1917R - 1994 - Gravity and aeromagnetic studies of the Powder River basin and surrounding areas, southeastern Montana, northeastern Wyoming, and western South Dakota","indexId":"b1917R","publicationYear":"1994","noYear":false,"chapter":"R","title":"Gravity and aeromagnetic studies of the Powder River basin and surrounding areas, southeastern Montana, northeastern Wyoming, and western South Dakota"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":20},{"subject":{"id":52692,"text":"b1917A - 1990 - Burial, thermal, and petroleum generation history of the Upper Cretaceous Steele Member of the Cody Shale (Shannon Sandstone Bed horizon), Powder River basin, Wyoming","indexId":"b1917A","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"chapter":"A","title":"Burial, thermal, and petroleum generation history of the Upper Cretaceous Steele Member of the Cody Shale (Shannon Sandstone Bed horizon), Powder River basin, Wyoming"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":33202,"text":"b1917 - 1990 - Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","indexId":"b1917","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin"},"id":21}],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-30T14:43:12","indexId":"b1917","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T13:28:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":306,"text":"Bulletin","code":"B","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1917","title":"Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin","docAbstract":"A multidisciplinary approach to research studies of sedimentary rocks and their constituents and the evolution of sedimentary basins, both ancient and modern.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","doi":"10.3133/b1917","usgsCitation":"Nuccio, V.F., Hansley, P.L., Cobban, W., and Whitney, C.G., 1990, Evolution of sedimentary basins: Powder River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1917, https://doi.org/10.3133/b1917.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":289227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Powder River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -108.38,42.65 ], [ -108.38,46.55 ], [ -104.05,46.55 ], [ -104.05,42.65 ], [ -108.38,42.65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286e9e4b07b8813a55492","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nuccio, Vito F. vnuccio@usgs.gov","contributorId":853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nuccio","given":"Vito","email":"vnuccio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":210160,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hansley, Paula L.","contributorId":29380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansley","given":"Paula","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cobban, William A.","contributorId":99529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobban","given":"William A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whitney, Carroll G.","contributorId":41343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whitney","given":"Carroll","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":210162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":5222306,"text":"5222306 - 1990 - Fluoride accumulation and bone strength in wild black-crowned night-herons","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-11T17:58:19.527904","indexId":"5222306","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T12:19:07","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fluoride accumulation and bone strength in wild black-crowned night-herons","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fluoride was measured in femurs of black-crowned night-herons (</span><i>Nycticorax nycticorax</i><span>) living adjacent to a phosphate processing complex near Pocatello, Idaho. Fluoride (ash wt.) in femurs ranged from 540 μg/g to 11,000 μg/g and increased (P=0.0001) with age, but with no difference (P=0.80) between sexes. Adult males (⩾4 years) contained 5,409 μg/g compared to 6,042 μg/g for adult females. The tibiotarsus (=tibiae in text) increased in diameter with age (P=0.015) in this study; fluoride was nearly related (P=0.065) to the increase. As the diameter increased with age, wall thickness decreased (P=0.011) suggesting excessive internal bone resorption, but fluoride concentrations were not implicated in the relationship (p= 0.64). The apparent increase in diameter and decrease in wall thickness may have partially neutralized each other's effects on strength. Although significantly higher concentrations of fluoride were present in adults than in Third Year herons, no significant change in bone strength (maximum load or modulus of rupture) was detected between the two age classes, but three of the four comparisons showed adults with less strength (</span><i>i.e.</i><span>, a hint of diminished strength with age). The tibiae of Hatch Year birds were significantly weaker than documented in older age classes, but incomplete growth was thought responsible. The strong relationship between age and fluroide concentrations reduced our ability to separate a “fluoride effect” from an “age effect.” Other authors believed fluoride was responsible for an increase in bone diameter and the fluoride residues encountered in adults were within the range indicative of poisoning in cattle. In addition, the adult night-herons had about 1.6 times higher fluoride concentrations than owls which showed reduced reproductive success under laboratory conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01059821","usgsCitation":"Henny, C.J., and Burke, P.M., 1990, Fluoride accumulation and bone strength in wild black-crowned night-herons: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 19, no. 1, p. 132-137, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01059821.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":194288,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de671","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henny, Charles J.","contributorId":12578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burke, P. M.","contributorId":8478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burke","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":336037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70124309,"text":"70124309 - 1990 - Stream Temperature Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-11T11:42:53","indexId":"70124309","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T11:41:47","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stream Temperature Model","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Managing Fisheries and Wildlife on Rangelands Grazed by Livestock: A guidance and reference document for biologists","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Nevada Department of Wildlife","publisherLocation":"Carson City, NV","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., 1990, Stream Temperature Model, chap. <i>of</i> Managing Fisheries and Wildlife on Rangelands Grazed by Livestock: A guidance and reference document for biologists, v. IV, p. 20-47.","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"20","endPage":"47","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"IV","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5412b9bee4b0239f1986bb08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70242097,"text":"70242097 - 1990 - Biostratigraphic, tectonic, and paleogeographic ties between upper Paleozoic volcanic and basinal rocks in the northern Sierra terrane, California, and the Havallah sequence, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T15:54:16.392837","indexId":"70242097","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T10:43:51","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Biostratigraphic, tectonic, and paleogeographic ties between upper Paleozoic volcanic and basinal rocks in the northern Sierra terrane, California, and the Havallah sequence, Nevada","docAbstract":"<p>Biostratigraphic data, based mostly on radiolarian assemblages, establish synchronous deposition in the northern Sierra terrane and the Havallah basin beginning in the Late Devonian and extending into the early Late Permian. Lower Mississippian and mid-Permian arc-derived volcaniclastic debris was deposited in parts of the Havallah basin during episodes of arc volcanism in the northern Sierra terrane. Between these episodes of arc volcanism, from late Early Mississippian to at least Middle Pennsylvanian, the northern Sierra terrane collected siliceous pelagic deposits that correlate with dominantly chert-argillite sections in the Havallah sequence. These intermixed lithic assemblages suggest shared stratigraphic evolution and geographic proximity between the Sierran arc terrane and the Havallah basin during the late Paleozoic.</p><p>During Late Devonian and Early Mississippian arc volcanism in the northern Sierra terrane, lower Paleozoic rocks of the Roberts Mountains allochthon were thrust over coeval deposits on the North American shelf. Chert-quartz-rich siliciclastic debris, derived from the Antler orogenic belt, is interbedded with Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian distal volcanic rocks in the northern Sierra terrane and with Kinderhookian volcaniclastic rocks and chert in the Schoonover sequence. These quartzose-clastic deposits not only provide an independent lithologic link between the Sierran arc terrane and the Havallah basin, they also tie the arc terrane and basin to North America at the time of the Antler orogeny.</p><p>Late Devonian and Early Mississippian arc volcanism in the northern Sierra terrane occurred in an extensional regime. Extensional tectonism began locally in the Havallah basin during the Famennian and continued into the early Meramecian. Contemporaneous extension in the arc and basin during emplacement of the Roberts Mountains allochthon is difficult to reconcile with existing arc-continent collision models for the Antler orogeny.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleozoic and early Mesozoic paleogeographic relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and related terranes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE255-p157","usgsCitation":"Harwood, D.S., and Murchey, B.L., 1990, Biostratigraphic, tectonic, and paleogeographic ties between upper Paleozoic volcanic and basinal rocks in the northern Sierra terrane, California, and the Havallah sequence, Nevada, chap. <i>of</i> Paleozoic and early Mesozoic paleogeographic relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and related terranes: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 255, p. 157-174, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE255-p157.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"174","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415342,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Havallah sequence, Sierra terrane","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.51903504169039,\n              42.00624512838411\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51903504169039,\n              37.4932697804677\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.27177600227202,\n              37.4932697804677\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.27177600227202,\n              42.00624512838411\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.51903504169039,\n              42.00624512838411\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"255","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Miller, M. Meghan","contributorId":304008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M. Meghan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868891,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murchey, Benita L. bmurchey@usgs.gov","contributorId":504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchey","given":"Benita","email":"bmurchey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":868890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70123798,"text":"70123798 - 1990 - Fire hazards at the urban-wildland interface: what the public expects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-09T10:43:22","indexId":"70123798","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T10:41:27","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire hazards at the urban-wildland interface: what the public expects","docAbstract":"Urban-wildland issues have become among the most contentious and problematic issues for forest managers. Using data drawn from surveys conducted by the authors and others, this article discusses how public knowledge and perceptions of fire policies and fire hazards change over time, the kinds of policy responses homeowners prefer as a way of preventing fire hazards at the urban-wildland interface, and how citizens view their own obligations as participants in interface issues. These data show that public attitudes toward fire have changed significantly over the past two decades and that educating the public about fire and the managers' use of fire can have positive effects on behavior. Yet, modifying the individual's behavior in regard to interface fire risks must also deal with important issues of individual incentives, the distribution of costs, and unanticipated policy impacts.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1007/BF02394019","usgsCitation":"Cortner, H.J., Gardner, P., and Taylor, J.G., 1990, Fire hazards at the urban-wildland interface: what the public expects: Environmental Management, v. 14, no. 1, p. 57-62, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02394019.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"62","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293505,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":293504,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02394019"}],"volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54101458e4b07ab1cd98095b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cortner, Hanna J.","contributorId":59358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cortner","given":"Hanna","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Philip D.","contributorId":101194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Philip D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Jonathan G.","contributorId":37378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70242096,"text":"70242096 - 1990 - Seismic imaging of extended crust with emphasis on the western United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T15:39:51.378921","indexId":"70242096","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T10:29:25","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Seismic imaging of extended crust with emphasis on the western United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>Understanding of the crust has improved dramatically following the application of seismic reflection and refraction techniques to studies of the deep crust. This is particularly true in areas where the last tectonic event was extensional, such as the Basin and Range province of the western United States and much of western Europe. In these regions, a characteristic reflective pattern has emerged, whereby the lower crust is highly reflective and the upper crust and upper mantle are either poorly reflective or strikingly nonreflective. In the metamorphic-core-complex belt in the western United States, where extension can be as much as an order of magnitude greater than in the more classic continental rift zones, the lower crustal reflectivity thickens and rises, yielding a picture of a crust that is reflective throughout. Synthetic seismic studies have documented that the reflectivity in these regions can be modeled by numerous laminae tens of meters thick and hundreds of meters across, characterized by inter-layered high and low velocities. Two geologic factors are interpreted as contributing to this layered character: ductile strain, responding to stress in the thermally weakened middle and lower crust, and intrusive layering, corresponding to injection of subhorizontal sheets of mantle-derived magmas. These two processes yield a variety of geologic structures, including transposed compositional layering, mylonitic ductile shear zones, and intrusive mafic sheets, all of which occur at the proper scales to cause the prominent reflectivity observed. If metamorphic core complexes are representative of extended continental crust world-wide, then these results suggest that magmatism and ductile flow have also contributed to the evolution of the middle and lower crust in many other areas around the world.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Centennial articles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE253-p263","usgsCitation":"McCarthy, J., and Thompson, G.A., 1990, Seismic imaging of extended crust with emphasis on the western United States, chap. <i>of</i> Centennial articles: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 253, p. 263-276, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE253-p263.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"263","endPage":"276","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415341,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.48666646551169,\n              41.97259775275805\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.31240380706652,\n              41.32785450096401\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.72953834478778,\n              40.41610072889884\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.08373111749654,\n              39.772744895069536\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.0195690151593,\n              38.763205972745084\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.91308887565674,\n              37.78816345201433\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.65046964395788,\n              37.08319184933059\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.27846516990274,\n              36.48110709786987\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.28379674245718,\n              35.48041074630085\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.92790982076093,\n              34.73505257231545\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.8035277737414,\n              33.17548385565655\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.8539496988316,\n              32.76771187321971\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.25352256422542,\n              32.45866967771465\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.92029811555511,\n              32.65161242348415\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.92302468665028,\n              32.41332371301647\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.20577033054224,\n              31.28614765424642\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.14995767554475,\n              31.26057722257896\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.1272302164212,\n              31.67887291381706\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.4161923900271,\n              31.653969258928\n            ],\n            [\n              -106.35845725100287,\n              31.892493622847624\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.05988085443914,\n              31.903519756496294\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.94344353262386,\n              36.93585366082024\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.06663489475261,\n              36.986095030753944\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.02385281111395,\n              41.06922182333568\n            ],\n            [\n              -103.9777796076963,\n              41.07890317243559\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.00240518936886,\n              48.98101487604566\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.364295865867,\n              49.02522416003515\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.15935117271394,\n              48.71849150151158\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.29389294370046,\n              48.29670870697697\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.98686202511624,\n              48.60697121622272\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.37804153997871,\n              46.7404076652883\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.2190908180171,\n              45.800964942023796\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.31305209849583,\n              44.5914256283605\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.76594274462019,\n              42.97529313984663\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.48666646551169,\n              41.97259775275805\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"253","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hatcher, R. D. Jr.","contributorId":118631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868887,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomas, W.A.","contributorId":78104,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"W.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868888,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"McCarthy, Jill jmccarthy@usgs.gov","contributorId":2732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCarthy","given":"Jill","email":"jmccarthy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":868885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, George A.","contributorId":94288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70242094,"text":"70242094 - 1990 - Middle Jurassic syntectonic conglomerate in the Mt. Tallac roof pendant, northern Sierra Nevada, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T15:05:45.23748","indexId":"70242094","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T09:51:23","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"title":"Middle Jurassic syntectonic conglomerate in the Mt. Tallac roof pendant, northern Sierra Nevada, California","docAbstract":"<p><span>Middle Jurassic marine conglomeratic and debris-flow deposits in the Mt. Tallac roof pendant are interpreted to be syntectonic fault trough deposits. Similar deposits in similar stratigraphic successions throughout the northern Sierra Nevada demonstrate that the Middle Jurassic continental-margin arc north of latitude 39° was essentially marine, and possibly extensional or transtensional in nature. Recognition of Middle Jurassic syntectonic deposits in the northern Sierra Nevada establishes continuity of structural style between the arc in the northern Sierra Nevada and a portion of the arc south of latitude 39°, which has been interpreted as an ancient analog of the modern extensional or transtensional Central American arc. The Middle Jurassic marine conglomeratic deposits in the northern Sierra Nevada form one of three post–Late Triassic stratigraphic elements shared by the northern Sierra terrane and rocks of probable cratonal affinity in west-central Nevada. Upper Triassic limestone in the northern Sierra Nevada is linked faunally to correlative limestone of west-central Nevada. While correlation is speculative, Lower to Middle(?) Jurassic intervals of quartzose sandstone are common to parts of the Sailor Canyon Formation in the northern Sierra terrane and to rocks of the Auld Lang Syne Group, Boyer Ranch Formation, and Dunlap Formation of west-central Nevada. Middle Jurassic syntectonic conglomeratic deposits, such as in the Dunlap Formation of west-central Nevada, are now recognized in the northern Sierra terrane as well.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Paleozoic and early Mesozoic paleogeographic relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and related terranes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/SPE255-p339","usgsCitation":"Fisher, G., 1990, Middle Jurassic syntectonic conglomerate in the Mt. Tallac roof pendant, northern Sierra Nevada, California, chap. <i>of</i> Paleozoic and early Mesozoic paleogeographic relations; Sierra Nevada, Klamath Mountains, and related terranes: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, v. 255, p. 339-350, https://doi.org/10.1130/SPE255-p339.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"339","endPage":"350","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415338,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Tallac, Sierra Nevada","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -120.1045877954899,\n              38.936047363090125\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.10994212403943,\n              38.92679152960798\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.11985754727988,\n              38.92015743930256\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1212457065333,\n              38.90302936211444\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.11073535789879,\n              38.89701040784931\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.09824192461608,\n              38.88111174237787\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.07325505805059,\n              38.88049424670049\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.07404829190958,\n              38.88852127193769\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.06829734643057,\n              38.91630012488912\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.07543645116338,\n              38.92864279293207\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.09229267067172,\n              38.93342499956833\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.1045877954899,\n              38.936047363090125\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"255","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-01-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Harwood, David S.","contributorId":48153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harwood","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868878,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, M. Meghan","contributorId":304008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"M. Meghan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868879,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fisher, G. Reid","contributorId":42618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"G. Reid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":868877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1014611,"text":"1014611 - 1990 - Gas transfer within a multi-stage packed column oxygen absorber: Model development and application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T15:39:11.113728","indexId":"1014611","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas transfer within a multi-stage packed column oxygen absorber: Model development and application","docAbstract":"<p><span>A packed column oxygen obsorber was developed in which oxygen flow is directed, in serial reuse, through parallel packed column stages receiving equal portions of the liquid being treated. The relative performance of the absorber was established using a computer simulation program employing finite difference-mass transfer calculations. The program was calibrated using packing specific mass transfer coefficients derived from pilot scale test data. A separate series of tests served to verify model assumptions and performance predictions. Simulation data indicated multi-stage operation can substantially reduce the column height required to achieve a selected oxygen absorption efficiency (AE); for example, the column height required to achieve an AE of 76·5% with an inlet volumetric oxygenwater ratio of 0·008 (column packing, 3·81 cm plastic ACTIFIL</span><sup>®</sup><span>; water temperature, 20°C; influent dissolved oxygen, 9·08 mg/litre; operating pressure (absolute), 760 mm Hg) was 0·27 m using a 10-stage system versus 1·39 m using a single-stage absorber. Reductions in column height achieved were related to oxygen and water feed rates, number of stages employed, mass transfer characteristics of the column packing used, and concentrations of dissolved gases in the liquid being treated.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(90)90010-W","usgsCitation":"Watten, B.J., and Boyd, C.E., 1990, Gas transfer within a multi-stage packed column oxygen absorber: Model development and application: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 9, no. 1, p. 33-59, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(90)90010-W.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"59","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131831,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b12f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boyd, Claude E.","contributorId":192710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Claude","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014613,"text":"1014613 - 1990 - Modeling the effects of serial off-gas reuse on the performance of a hooded surface oxygen obsorption system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-09T15:44:56.110048","indexId":"1014613","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":852,"text":"Aquacultural Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling the effects of serial off-gas reuse on the performance of a hooded surface oxygen obsorption system","docAbstract":"<p><span>A numerical model was used to evaluate the performance of a surface agitation system designed to contact commercial oxygen with water. The modeled system was unique in that oxygen-rich off-gas, normally discharged to the atmosphere, was directed in serial reuse through additional contact stages receiving untreated water. A correlation between the agitator mass-transfer coefficient and power demand, needed to calibrate the model, was established using a single-stage (37 W) contactor of 1·18 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>&nbsp;capacity. Additional tests, conducted with both single and three-stage equipment, verified model assumptions and performance predictions. Simulation runs indicated oxygen flow or power input required to meet a given effluent dissolved gas criterion can be substantially reduced by the off-gas reuse step; for example, to achieve an effluent dissolved oxygen of 24·1 mg/litre with a single stage agitator the oxygen feed rate needed was 61·5% greater than that required by a six-stage system receiving the same total power input (standard aeration efficiency, 0·5 kg/kW h; water flow rate, 100 litre/min; influent dissolved oxygen, 9·08 mg/litre at 15°C). The savings achieved increased with (1) greater target effluent dissolved oxygen concentrations, (2) lower oxygen feed rates, (3) higher input power levels, and (4) number of contact stages.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0144-8609(90)90014-Q","usgsCitation":"Watten, B.J., Meade, J.W., and Boyd, C.E., 1990, Modeling the effects of serial off-gas reuse on the performance of a hooded surface oxygen obsorption system: Aquacultural Engineering, v. 9, no. 2, p. 97-120, https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-8609(90)90014-Q.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"120","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699794","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watten, Barnaby J. 0000-0002-2227-8623 bwatten@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-8623","contributorId":2002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watten","given":"Barnaby","email":"bwatten@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":320732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, Claude E.","contributorId":192710,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyd","given":"Claude","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
]}