Distal border fragments of the navicular bone are increasingly being detected due to the improved capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but their clinical significance remains unclear. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the location, size, and frequency of fragments in a cohort of horses presented for MRI of the foot and to compare MRI findings with severity of lameness. Archived MRI studies and medical records were searched from March 2006 to June 2008. Horses were included if a distal border fragment of the navicular bone was visible in MRI scans. Confidence interval comparisons and linear regression analyses were used to test hypotheses that fragments were associated with lameness and lameness severity was positively correlated with fragment volume and biaxial location. A total of 453 horses (874 limbs) were included. Fragments were identified in 60 horses (13.25%) and 90 limbs (10.3%). Fifty percent of the horses had unilateral fragments and 50% had bilateral fragments. Fragments were located at the lateral (62.2%), medial (8.89%), or medial and lateral (28.9%) angles of the distal border of the navicular bone. There was no increased probability of being categorized as lame if a fragment was present. There was no significant difference in fragment volume across lameness severity categorizations. Confidence intervals indicated a slightly increased probability of being classified as lame if both medial and lateral fragments were present. Findings indicated that distal border fragments of the navicular bone in equine MRI studies are unlikely to be related to existing lameness.
","language":"English","publisher":"American College of Veterinary Radiology","publisherLocation":"Hoboken, NJ","doi":"10.1111/vru.12082","usgsCitation":"Yorke, E.H., Judy, C.E., Saveraid, T.C., McGowan, C., and Caldwell, F.J., 2014, Distal border fragments of the equine navicular bone: association between magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and clinical lameness: Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, v. 55, no. 1, p. 35-44, https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12082.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"35","endPage":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-034366","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306516,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55c9cb32e4b08400b1fdb701","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yorke, Elizabeth H.","contributorId":146373,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yorke","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Judy, Carter E.","contributorId":146374,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Judy","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Saveraid, Travis C.","contributorId":146375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saveraid","given":"Travis","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGowan, Conor P. 0000-0002-7330-9581 cmcgowan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7330-9581","contributorId":3381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGowan","given":"Conor P.","email":"cmcgowan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":556710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Caldwell, Fred J.","contributorId":146376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Fred","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":567598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70106071,"text":"70106071 - 2014 - Litter quality versus soil microbial community controls over decomposition: a quantitative analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-19T10:35:15","indexId":"70106071","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Litter quality versus soil microbial community controls over decomposition: a quantitative analysis","docAbstract":"The possible effects of soil microbial community structure on organic matter decomposition rates have been widely acknowledged, but are poorly understood. Understanding these relationships is complicated by the fact that microbial community structure and function are likely to both affect and be affected by organic matter quality and chemistry, thus it is difficult to draw mechanistic conclusions from field studies. We conducted a reciprocal soil inoculum × litter transplant laboratory incubation experiment using samples collected from a set of sites that have similar climate and plant species composition but vary significantly in bacterial community structure and litter quality. The results showed that litter quality explained the majority of variation in decomposition rates under controlled laboratory conditions: over the course of the 162-day incubation, litter quality explained nearly two-thirds (64 %) of variation in decomposition rates, and a smaller proportion (25 %) was explained by variation in the inoculum type. In addition, the relative importance of inoculum type on soil respiration increased over the course of the experiment, and was significantly higher in microcosms with lower litter quality relative to those with higher quality litter. We also used molecular phylogenetics to examine the relationships between bacterial community composition and soil respiration in samples through time. Pyrosequencing revealed that bacterial community composition explained 32 % of the variation in respiration rates. However, equal portions (i.e., 16 %) of the variation in bacterial community composition were explained by inoculum type and litter quality, reflecting the importance of both the meta-community and the environment in bacterial assembly. Taken together, these results indicate that the effects of changing microbial community composition on decomposition are likely to be smaller than the potential effects of climate change and/or litter quality changes in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations or atmospheric nutrient deposition.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00442-013-2758-9","usgsCitation":"Cleveland, C.C., Reed, S.C., Keller, A.B., Nemergut, D.R., O’Neill, S.P., Ostertag, R., and Vitousek, P.M., 2014, Litter quality versus soil microbial community controls over decomposition: a quantitative analysis: Oecologia, v. 174, no. 1, p. 283-294, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2758-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-051378","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":287281,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287275,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-013-2758-9"}],"volume":"174","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"537b27fbe4b0929ba496ab98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cleveland, Cory C.","contributorId":10264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Cory","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619 screed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha","email":"screed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":493809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keller, Adrienne B.","contributorId":62904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Adrienne","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nemergut, Diana R.","contributorId":45634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemergut","given":"Diana","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Neill, Sean P.","contributorId":32092,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neill","given":"Sean","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ostertag, Rebecca","contributorId":21864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ostertag","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Vitousek, Peter M.","contributorId":108401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vitousek","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":493815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70147100,"text":"70147100 - 2014 - Forecasting landscape effects of Mississippi River diversions on elevation and accretion in Louisiana deltaic wetlands under future environmental uncertainty scenarios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-28T08:57:31","indexId":"70147100","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting landscape effects of Mississippi River diversions on elevation and accretion in Louisiana deltaic wetlands under future environmental uncertainty scenarios","docAbstract":"Large sediment diversions are proposed and expected to build new wetlands to alleviate the extensive wetland loss (5,000 km2) affecting coastal Louisiana during the last 78 years. Current assessment and prediction of the impacts of sediment diversions have focused on the capture and dispersal of both water and sediment on the adjacent river side and the immediate outfall marsh area. However, little is known about the effects of sediment diversions on existing wetland surface elevation and vertical accretion dynamics in the receiving basin at the landscape scale. In this study, we used a spatial wetland surface elevation model developed in support of Louisiana's 2012 Coastal Master Plan to examine such landscape-scale effects of sediment diversions. Multiple sediment diversion projects were incorporated in the model to simulate surface elevation and vertical accretion for the next 50 years (2010-2060) under two environmental (moderate and less optimistic) scenarios. Specifically, we examined landscape-scale surface elevation and vertical accretion trends under diversions with different geographical locations, diverted discharge rates, and geomorphic characteristics of the receiving basin. Model results indicate that small diversions (< 283 m3 s-1) tend to have limited effects of reducing landscape-scale elevation loss (< 3%) compared to a future without action (FWOA) condition. Large sediment diversions (> 1,500 m3 s-1) are required to achieve landscape-level benefits to promote surface elevation via vertical accretion to keep pace with rising sea level.
","language":"English","publisher":"Estuarine and Brackish-water Sciences Association","publisherLocation":"London, England","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2013.12.020","usgsCitation":"Wang, H., Steyer, G.D., Couvillion, B.R., John M. Rybczyk, Beck, H.J., Sleavin, W.J., Ehab A. Meselhe, Allison, M.A., Boustany, R.G., Craig J. Fischenich, and Rivera-Monroy, V.H., 2014, Forecasting landscape effects of Mississippi River diversions on elevation and accretion in Louisiana deltaic wetlands under future environmental uncertainty scenarios: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 138, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.12.020.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051034","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"138","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":5,"text":"Lafayette PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5540af2be4b0a658d79392a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Hongqing 0000-0002-2977-7732 wangh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2977-7732","contributorId":140432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Hongqing","email":"wangh@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steyer, Gregory D. 0000-0001-7231-0110 steyerg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7231-0110","contributorId":2856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steyer","given":"Gregory","email":"steyerg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5062,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5064,"text":"Southeast Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Couvillion, Brady R. 0000-0001-5323-1687 couvillionb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5323-1687","contributorId":3829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Couvillion","given":"Brady","email":"couvillionb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":545648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"John M. Rybczyk","contributorId":140433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"John M. Rybczyk","affiliations":[{"id":12723,"text":"Western Washington University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beck, Holly J. 0000-0002-0567-9329 hbeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-9329","contributorId":5454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beck","given":"Holly","email":"hbeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sleavin, William J. 0000-0002-1269-7525","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1269-7525","contributorId":140434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sleavin","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":13498,"text":"Five Rivers Services, LLC.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ehab A. Meselhe","contributorId":140435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ehab A. Meselhe","affiliations":[{"id":13499,"text":"The Water Institute of the Gulf","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Allison, Mead A.","contributorId":140436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allison","given":"Mead","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13500,"text":"Tulane University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Boustany, Ronald G.","contributorId":140437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boustany","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13501,"text":"USDA NRCS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Craig J. Fischenich","contributorId":140438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Craig J. Fischenich","affiliations":[{"id":13502,"text":"US Army Corps of Engineers","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.","contributorId":140439,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rivera-Monroy","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":545656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70135974,"text":"70135974 - 2014 - Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-12T17:13:04","indexId":"70135974","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","title":"Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA","docAbstract":"A soil core collected in a tidal freshwater marsh in the Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge (Georgetown, SC) exuded a particularly strong odor of cow manure upon extrusion. In order to test for manure and determine its provenance, we carried out microbial source tracking using DNA markers for Bacteroides, a noncoliform, anaerobic bacterial group that represents a broad group of the fecal population. Three core sections from 0-3 cm, 9-12 cm and 30-33 were analyzed for the presence of Bacteroides. The ages of core sediments were estimated using 210Pb and 137Cs dating. All three core sections tested positive for Bacteroides DNA markers related to cow or deer feces. Because cow manure is stockpiled, used as fertilizer, and a source of direct contamination in the Great Pee Dee River/Winyah Bay watershed, it is very likely the source of the Bacteroides that was deposited on the marsh. The mid-points of the core sections were dated as follows: 0-3 cm: 2009; 9-12 cm: 1999, and 30-33 cm: 1961. The presence of Bacteroides at different depths/ages in the soil profile indicates that soils in tidal freshwater marshes are, at the least, capable of being short-term sinks for Bacteroides and, may have the potential to be long-term sinks of stable, naturalized populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-013-1861-1","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J., Johnson, H., Duris, J.W., and Krauss, K.W., 2014, Marsh soils as potential sinks for Bacteroides fecal indicator bacteria, Waccamaw National Wildlife Refuge, Georgetown, SC, USA: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 225, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1861-1.","productDescription":"Article 1861; 7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053177","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297076,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Georgetown","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.57809448242188,\n 33.097294071891696\n ],\n [\n -79.57809448242188,\n 33.5608510182527\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.5608510182527\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.097294071891696\n ],\n [\n -79.57809448242188,\n 33.097294071891696\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"225","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2befe4b08de9379b3583","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":1659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith Z.","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, Heather E.","contributorId":207837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Heather E.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12456,"text":"former USGS scientist","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":744854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duris, Joseph W. 0000-0002-8669-8109 jwduris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8669-8109","contributorId":1981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duris","given":"Joseph","email":"jwduris@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krauss, Ken W. 0000-0003-2195-0729 kraussk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":2017,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"Ken","email":"kraussk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70102295,"text":"70102295 - 2014 - A radiogenic isotope tracer study of transatlantic dust transport from Africa to the Caribbean","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-04-22T09:54:15","indexId":"70102295","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T09:45:49","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":924,"text":"Atmospheric Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A radiogenic isotope tracer study of transatlantic dust transport from Africa to the Caribbean","docAbstract":"Many studies have suggested that long-range transport of African desert dusts across the Atlantic Ocean occurs, delivering key nutrients and contributing to fertilization of the Amazon rainforest. Here we utilize radiogenic isotope tracers – Sr, Nd and Pb – to derive the provenance, local or remote, and pathways of dust transport from Africa to the Caribbean. Atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) matter was collected in 2008 on quartz fibre filters, from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean at three different locations: in Mali (12.6°N, 8.0°W; 555 m a.s.l.), Tobago (11.3°N, 60.5°W; 329 m a.s.l.) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (17.7°N, 64.6°W; 27 m a.s.l.). Both the labile phase, representative of the anthropogenic signal, and the refractory detrital silicate fraction were analysed. Dust deposits and soils from around the sampling sites were measured as well to assess the potential contribution from local sources to the mineral dust collected. The contribution from anthropogenic sources of Pb was predominant in the labile, leachate phase. The overall similarity in Pb isotope signatures found in the leachates is attributed to a common African source of anthropogenic Pb, with minor inputs from other sources, such as from Central and South America. The Pb, Sr and Nd isotopic compositions in the silicate fraction were found to be systematically more radiogenic than those in the corresponding labile phases. In contrast, Nd and Sr isotopic compositions from Mali, Tobago, and the Virgin Islands are virtually identical in both leachates and residues. Comparison with existing literature data on Saharan and Sahelian sources constrains the origin of summer dust transported to the Caribbean to mainly originate from the Sahel region, with some contribution from northern Saharan sources. The source regions derived from the isotope data are consistent with 7-day back-trajectory analyses, demonstrating the usefulness of radiogenic isotopes in tracing dust provenance and atmospheric transport.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.021","usgsCitation":"Kumar, A., Abouchami, W., Galer, S., Garrison, V., Williams, E., and Andreae, M., 2014, A radiogenic isotope tracer study of transatlantic dust transport from Africa to the Caribbean: Atmospheric Environment, v. 82, p. 130-143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.021.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"143","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-049234","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":286483,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":286481,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.021"}],"country":"Mali;Tobago;U.S. Virgin Islands","otherGeospatial":"Africa;Atlantic Ocean;Caribbean;Sahara;Sahel","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.0,-20.0 ], [ -80.0,40.0 ], [ 45.0,40.0 ], [ 45.0,-20.0 ], [ -80.0,-20.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53578f60e4b0938066bc81af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kumar, A.","contributorId":16140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abouchami, W.","contributorId":103886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abouchami","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galer, S.J.G.","contributorId":36860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galer","given":"S.J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garrison, V.H.","contributorId":70731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrison","given":"V.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Williams, E.","contributorId":15560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Andreae, M.O.","contributorId":29311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andreae","given":"M.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70073895,"text":"70073895 - 2014 - Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-14T11:44:40","indexId":"70073895","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T09:44:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3218,"text":"Quaternary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado","docAbstract":"The geologic setting of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site is somewhat unusual – the sediments containing the Pleistocene fossils were deposited in a lake on top of a ridge. The lake basin was formed near the Town of Snowmass Village, Colorado when a glacier flowing down Snowmass Creek Valley became thick enough to overtop a low point in the eastern valley wall and entered the head of Brush Creek Valley. When the glacier retreated at the end of the marine isotope stage (MIS) 6, ~155-130 ka (thousands of years before present), the Brush Creek Valley lobe left behind a moraine that impounded a small alpine lake. The lake was initially ~10 m deep and was highly productive during most of its existence based on the abundant and exquisitely preserved organic material present in the sediments. Over time, the basin slowly filled with (mostly) eolian sediment such that by ~85 ka it contained more of a marsh or wetland than a true lake. Open water conditions returned briefly between ~75 and 55 ka before the impoundment was finally breached to the east, establishing ties with the Brush Creek drainage system and creating an alpine meadow that persisted until historic times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011","usgsCitation":"Pigati, J.S., Miller, I.M., Johnson, K.R., Honke, J., Carrara, P.E., Muhs, D.R., Skipp, G., and Bryant, B., 2014, Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado: Quaternary Research, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011.","productDescription":"13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-051953","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":282399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":282397,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.011"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Snowmass Village","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.989321,39.155859 ], [ -106.989321,39.291971 ], [ -106.897133,39.291971 ], [ -106.897133,39.155859 ], [ -106.989321,39.155859 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-01-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53517042e4b05569d805a229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pigati, Jeff S.","contributorId":60114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pigati","given":"Jeff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Ian M. 0000-0002-3289-6337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6337","contributorId":41951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johnson, Kirk R.","contributorId":16877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Kirk","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Honke, Jeffrey S.","contributorId":46412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Honke","given":"Jeffrey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carrara, Paul E. pcarrara@usgs.gov","contributorId":1342,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carrara","given":"Paul","email":"pcarrara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Muhs, Daniel R. 0000-0001-7449-251X dmuhs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":1857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"Daniel","email":"dmuhs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Skipp, Gary","contributorId":6458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skipp","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bryant, Bruce bbryant@usgs.gov","contributorId":1355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bryant","given":"Bruce","email":"bbryant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70131505,"text":"70131505 - 2014 - Contrasting past and current numbers of bears visiting Yellowstone cutthroat trout streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-17T17:30:47","indexId":"70131505","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T09:30:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contrasting past and current numbers of bears visiting Yellowstone cutthroat trout streams","docAbstract":"Spawning cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) were historically abundant within tributary streams of Yellowstone Lake within Yellowstone National Park and were a highly digestible source of energy and protein for Yellowstone’s grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) and black bears (U. americanus). The cutthroat trout population has subsequently declined since the introduction of non-native lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and in response to effects of drought and whirling disease (Myxobolus cerebralis). The trout population, duration of spawning runs, and indices of bear use of spawning streams had declined in some regions of the lake by 1997–2000. We initiated a 3-year study in 2007 to assess whether numbers of spawning fish, black bears, and grizzly bears within and alongside stream corridors had changed since 1997– 2000. We estimated numbers of grizzly bears and black bears by first compiling encounter histories of individual bears visiting 48 hair-snag sites along 35 historically fished streams.We analyzed DNA encounter histories with Pradel-recruitment and Jolly-Seber (POPAN) capture-mark-recapture models. When compared to 1997–2000, the current number of spawning cutthroat trout per stream and the number of streams with cutthroat trout has decreased. We estimated that 48 (95% CI¼42–56) male and 23 (95% CI¼21–27) female grizzly bears visited the historically fished tributary streams during our study. In any 1- year, 46 to 59 independent grizzly bears (8–10% of estimated Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem population) visited these streams. When compared with estimates from the 1997 to 2000 study and adjusted for equal effort, the number of grizzly bears using the stream corridors decreased by 63%. Additionally, the number of black bears decreased between 64% and 84%. We also document an increased proportion of bears of both species visiting front-country (i.e., near human development) streams. With the recovery of cutthroat trout, we suggest bears that still reside within the Lake basin will readily use this high-quality food resource.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.667","usgsCitation":"Haroldson, M.A., Schwartz, C.C., Teisberg, J.E., Gunther, K.A., Fortin, J., and Robbins, C.T., 2014, Contrasting past and current numbers of bears visiting Yellowstone cutthroat trout streams: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 2, p. 369-378, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.667.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"369","endPage":"378","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036772","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296029,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5465d630e4b04d4b7dbd65ac","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haroldson, Mark A. 0000-0002-7457-7676 mharoldson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7457-7676","contributorId":1773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haroldson","given":"Mark","email":"mharoldson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles C.","contributorId":55950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Teisberg, Justin E.","contributorId":124582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Teisberg","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Gunther, Kerry A.","contributorId":190246,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gunther","given":"Kerry","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":5130,"text":"Bear Management Office, Yellowstone National Park, WY 82190, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Fortin, Jennifer K. jfortin-noreus@usgs.gov","contributorId":5419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fortin","given":"Jennifer K.","email":"jfortin-noreus@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Robbins, Charles T.","contributorId":124585,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robbins","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5127,"text":"Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70111733,"text":"70111733 - 2014 - Changing climate and the altitudinal range of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands: an ongoing conservation crisis on the island of Kaua'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:46:59","indexId":"70111733","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T09:08:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changing climate and the altitudinal range of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands: an ongoing conservation crisis on the island of Kaua'i","docAbstract":"Transmission of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands varies across altitudinal gradients and is greatest at elevations below 1500 m where both temperature and moisture are favorable for the sole mosquito vector, Culex quinquefasciatus, and extrinsic sporogonic development of the parasite, Plasmodium relictum. Potential consequences of global warming on this system have been recognized for over a decade with concerns that increases in mean temperatures could lead to expansion of malaria into habitats where cool temperatures currently limit transmission to highly susceptible endemic forest birds. Recent declines in two endangered species on the island of Kaua'i, the ‘Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) and ‘Akeke'e (Loxops caeruleirostris), and retreat of more common native honeycreepers to the last remaining high elevation habitat on the Alaka'i Plateau suggest that predicted changes in disease transmission may be occurring. We compared prevalence of malarial infections in forest birds that were sampled at three locations on the Plateau during 1994–1997 and again during 2007–2013, and also evaluated changes in the occurrence of mosquito larvae in available aquatic habitats during the same time periods. Prevalence of infection increased significantly at the lower (1100 m, 10.3% to 28.2%), middle (1250 m, 8.4% to 12.2%), and upper ends of the Plateau (1350 m, 2.0% to 19.3%). A concurrent increase in detections of Culex larvae in aquatic habitats associated with stream margins indicates that populations of the vector are also increasing. These increases are at least in part due to local transmission because overall prevalence in Kaua'i ‘Elepaio (Chasiempis sclateri), a sedentary native species, has increased from 17.2% to 27.0%. Increasing mean air temperatures, declining precipitation, and changes in streamflow that have taken place over the past 20 years are creating environmental conditions throughout major portions of the Alaka'i Plateau that support increased transmission of avian malaria.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/gcb.12535","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, C.T., Utzurrum, R.B., LaPointe, D.A., Camp, R., Crampton, L., Foster, J., and Giambelluca, T.W., 2014, Changing climate and the altitudinal range of avian malaria in the Hawaiian Islands: an ongoing conservation crisis on the island of Kaua'i: Global Change Biology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 2426-2436, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12535.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2426","endPage":"2436","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053761","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":288167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288157,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12535"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","city":"Kaua'i","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.787933,21.868284 ], [ -159.787933,22.232661 ], [ -159.292459,22.232661 ], [ -159.292459,21.868284 ], [ -159.787933,21.868284 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5396d763e4b0f7580bc0a8da","chorus":{"doi":"10.1111/gcb.12535","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12535","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Atkinson Carter T., Utzurrum Ruth B., Lapointe Dennis A., Camp Richard J., Crampton Lisa H., Foster Jeffrey T., Giambelluca Thomas W.","journalName":"Global Change Biology","publicationDate":"2/27/2014","auditedOn":"11/1/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, Carter T. 0000-0002-4232-5335 catkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4232-5335","contributorId":1124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Carter","email":"catkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":494452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Utzurrum, Ruth B.","contributorId":86260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Utzurrum","given":"Ruth","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LaPointe, Dennis A.","contributorId":63900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPointe","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":494455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Camp, Richard J.","contributorId":27392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Camp","given":"Richard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Crampton, Lisa H.","contributorId":101188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crampton","given":"Lisa H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foster, Jeffrey T.","contributorId":8744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foster","given":"Jeffrey T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Giambelluca, Thomas W.","contributorId":70069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Giambelluca","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":494456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70118020,"text":"70118020 - 2014 - Regional distribution models with lack of proximate predictors: Africanized honeybees expanding north","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-25T09:06:42","indexId":"70118020","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T09:04:24","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional distribution models with lack of proximate predictors: Africanized honeybees expanding north","docAbstract":"Species distribution models have often been hampered by poor local species data, reliance on coarse-scale climate predictors and the assumption that species–environment relationships, even with non-proximate predictors, are consistent across geographical space. Yet locally accurate maps of invasive species, such as the Africanized honeybee (AHB) in North America, are needed to support conservation efforts. Current AHB range maps are relatively coarse and are inconsistent with observed data. Our aim was to improve distribution maps using more proximate predictors (phenology) and using regional models rather than one across the entire range of interest to explore potential differences in drivers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diversity and Distributions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/ddi.12143","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., Esaias, W.E., Ma, P.L., Morisette, J., Nickeson, J.E., Stohlgren, T.J., Holcombe, T.R., Nightingale, J.M., Wolfe, R.E., and Tan, B., 2014, Regional distribution models with lack of proximate predictors: Africanized honeybees expanding north: Diversity and Distributions, v. 20, no. 2, p. 193-201, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12143.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"193","endPage":"201","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":473191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12143","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":290965,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":290964,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12143"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f164e4b0bc0bec09fd56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Esaias, Wayne E.","contributorId":12379,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esaias","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ma, Peter L.A.","contributorId":71484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"L.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morisette, Jeffery T. 0000-0002-0483-0082","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-0082","contributorId":39297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"Jeffery T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nickeson, Jaime E.","contributorId":51659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nickeson","given":"Jaime","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Stohlgren, Thomas J. 0000-0001-9696-4450 stohlgrent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-4450","contributorId":2902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"Thomas","email":"stohlgrent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Holcombe, Tracy R. holcombet@usgs.gov","contributorId":3694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcombe","given":"Tracy","email":"holcombet@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":496127,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nightingale, Joanne M.","contributorId":55347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nightingale","given":"Joanne","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wolfe, Robert E.","contributorId":56560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Tan, Bin","contributorId":76232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tan","given":"Bin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":496134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70047815,"text":"70047815 - 2014 - Increased flexibility for modeling telemetry and nest-survival data using the multistate framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-03-18T15:55:49","indexId":"70047815","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T08:46:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased flexibility for modeling telemetry and nest-survival data using the multistate framework","docAbstract":"Although telemetry is one of the most common tools used in the study of wildlife, advances in the analysis of telemetry data have lagged compared to progress in the development of telemetry devices. We demonstrate how standard known-fate telemetry and related nest-survival data analysis models are special cases of the more general multistate framework. We present a short theoretical development, and 2 case examples regarding the American black duck and the mallard. We also present a more complex lynx data analysis. Although not necessary in all situations, the multistate framework provides additional flexibility to analyze telemetry data, which may help analysts and biologists better deal with the vagaries of real-world data collection.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Wildlife Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.660","usgsCitation":"Devineau, O., Kendall, W.L., Doherty, P.F., Shenk, T.M., White, G.C., Lukacs, P.M., and Burnham, K.P., 2014, Increased flexibility for modeling telemetry and nest-survival data using the multistate framework: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 78, no. 2, p. 224-230, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.660.","productDescription":"7 P.","startPage":"224","endPage":"230","numberOfPages":"7","ipdsId":"IP-042596","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":284190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":284189,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.660"}],"volume":"78","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5351704fe4b05569d805a2e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Devineau, Olivier","contributorId":7991,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devineau","given":"Olivier","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kendall, William L. wkendall@usgs.gov","contributorId":406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"William","email":"wkendall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Doherty, Paul F. Jr.","contributorId":37636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"Paul","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":483041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shenk, Tanya M.","contributorId":82451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shenk","given":"Tanya","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"White, Gary C.","contributorId":66831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"White","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6621,"text":"Colorado State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":483042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lukacs, Paul M.","contributorId":101240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lukacs","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Burnham, Kenneth P.","contributorId":95025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnham","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":189,"text":"Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70157106,"text":"70157106 - 2014 - Wildlife connectivity approaches and best practices in U.S. state wildlife action plans","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-09-08T16:22:22","indexId":"70157106","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildlife connectivity approaches and best practices in U.S. state wildlife action plans","docAbstract":"As habitat loss and fragmentation threaten biodiversity on large geographic scales, creating and maintaining connectivity of wildlife populations is an increasingly common conservation objective. To assess the progress and success of large-scale connectivity planning, conservation researchers need a set of plans that cover large geographic areas and can be analyzed as a single data set. The state wildlife action plans (SWAPs) fulfill these requirements. We examined 50 SWAPs to determine the extent to which wildlife connectivity planning, via linkages, is emphasized nationally. We defined linkage as connective land that enables wildlife movement. For our content analysis, we identified and quantified 6 keywords and 7 content criteria that ranged in specificity and were related to linkages for wide-ranging terrestrial vertebrates and examined relations between content criteria and statewide data on focal wide-ranging species, spending, revenue, and conserved land. Our results reflect nationwide disparities in linkage conservation priorities and highlight the continued need for wildlife linkage planning. Only 30% or less of the 50 SWAPs fulfilled highly specific content criteria (e.g., identifying geographic areas for linkage placement or management). We found positive correlations between our content criteria and statewide data on percent conserved land, total focal species, and spending on parks and recreation. We supplemented our content analysis with interviews with 17 conservation professionals to gain specific information about state-specific context and future directions of linkage conservation. Based on our results, relevant literature, and interview responses, we suggest the following best practices for wildlife linkage conservation plans: collect ecologically meaningful background data; be specific; establish community-wide partnerships; and incorporate sociopolitical and socioeconomic information.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/cobi.12204","usgsCitation":"Lacher, I., and Wilkerson, M.L., 2014, Wildlife connectivity approaches and best practices in U.S. state wildlife action plans: Conservation Biology, v. 28, no. 1, p. 13-21, https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12204.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307960,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-12-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f006b0e4b0dacf699ea00e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacher, Iara","contributorId":147432,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lacher","given":"Iara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilkerson, Marit L.","contributorId":147433,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilkerson","given":"Marit","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":571669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70148692,"text":"70148692 - 2014 - Temporal variation in development of ecosystem services from oyster reef restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-07-01T14:15:19","indexId":"70148692","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1454,"text":"Ecological Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Temporal variation in development of ecosystem services from oyster reef restoration","docAbstract":"Restoration ecology relies heavily on ecosystem development theories that generally assume development of fully functioning natural systems over time, but often fail to identify the time-frame required for provision of desired functions, or acknowledge different pathways of functional development. In estuaries, a decline of overall habitat quality and functioning has led to significant efforts to restore critical ecosystem services, recently through the creation and restoration of oyster reefs. Oyster reef restoration generally occurs with goals of (1) increasing water quality via filtration through sustainable oyster recruitment, (2) stabilizing shorelines, and (3) creating and enhancing critical estuarine habitat for fish and invertebrates. We restored over 260 m2 of oyster reef habitat in coastal Louisiana and followed the development and provision of these ecosystem services from 2009 through 2012. Oysters recruited to reefs immediately, with densities of oysters greater than 75 mm exceeding 80 ind m−2 after 3 years, and provision of filtration rates of 1002 ± 187 L h−1 m−2; shoreline stabilization effects of the created reefs were minimal over the three years of monitoring, with some evidence of positive shoreline stabilization during higher wind/energy events only; increased nekton abundance of resident, but not larger transient fish was immediately measurable at the reefs, however, this failed to increase through time. Our results provide critical insights into the development trajectories of ecosystem services provided by restored oyster reefs, as well as the mechanisms mediating these changes. This is critical both ecologically to understand how and where a reef thrives, and for policy and management to guide decision-making related to oyster reef restoration and the crediting and accounting of ecosystem services.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.001","usgsCitation":"LaPeyre, M.K., Humphries, A.T., Casas, S.M., and La Peyre, J.F., 2014, Temporal variation in development of ecosystem services from oyster reef restoration: Ecological Engineering, v. 63, p. 34-44, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.12.001.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"34","endPage":"44","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045902","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":305548,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","county":"Terrebonne Parish","otherGeospatial":"Caillou Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 29.200123477644983\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 29.269029832984536\n ],\n [\n -90.87203979492188,\n 29.269029832984536\n ],\n [\n -90.87203979492188,\n 29.200123477644983\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 29.200123477644983\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55950f38e4b0b6d21dd6cc07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaPeyre, Megan K. 0000-0001-9936-2252 mlapeyre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9936-2252","contributorId":585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaPeyre","given":"Megan","email":"mlapeyre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":549059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Humphries, Austin T.","contributorId":15943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Humphries","given":"Austin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Casas, Sandra M.","contributorId":145452,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Casas","given":"Sandra","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"La Peyre, Jerome F.","contributorId":34697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"La Peyre","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":564075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173736,"text":"70173736 - 2014 - Effect of passive acoustic sampling methodology on detecting bats after declines from white nose syndrome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-20T11:18:05","indexId":"70173736","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5085,"text":"Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of passive acoustic sampling methodology on detecting bats after declines from white nose syndrome","docAbstract":"Concomitant with the emergence and spread of white-nose syndrome (WNS) and precipitous decline of many bat species in North America, natural resource managers need modified and/or new techniques for bat inventory and monitoring that provide robust occupancy estimates. We used Anabat acoustic detectors to determine the most efficient passive acoustic sampling design for optimizing detection probabilities of multiple bat species in a WNS-impacted environment in New York, USA. Our sampling protocol included: six acoustic stations deployed for the entire duration of monitoring as well as a 4 x 4 grid and five transects of 5-10 acoustic units that were deployed for 6-8 night sample durations surveyed during the summers of 2011-2012. We used Program PRESENCE to determine detection probability and site occupancy estimates. Overall, the grid produced the highest detection probabilities for most species because it contained the most detectors and intercepted the greatest spatial area. However, big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) and species not impacted by WNS were detected easily regardless of sampling array. Endangered Indiana (Myotis sodalis) and little brown (Myotis lucifugus) and tri-colored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) showed declines in detection probabilities over our study, potentially indicative of continued WNS-associated declines. Identification of species presence through efficient methodologies is vital for future conservation efforts as bat populations decline further due to WNS and other factors.
","language":"English","publisher":"Academic Journals","doi":"10.5897/JENE2013.0424","usgsCitation":"Coleman, L.S., Ford, W.M., Dobony, C.A., and Britzke, E.R., 2014, Effect of passive acoustic sampling methodology on detecting bats after declines from white nose syndrome: Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, v. 6, no. 2, p. 56-64, https://doi.org/10.5897/JENE2013.0424.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"56","endPage":"64","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052491","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473193,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jene2013.0424","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323985,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576913b6e4b07657d19ff027","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coleman, Laci S.","contributorId":171672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"Laci","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ford, W. Mark wford@usgs.gov","contributorId":3858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ford","given":"W.","email":"wford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Mark","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":638028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobony, Christopher A.","contributorId":171455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobony","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Britzke, Eric R.","contributorId":8327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britzke","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70144442,"text":"70144442 - 2014 - Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-30T15:20:16","indexId":"70144442","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest","docAbstract":"Autumn is a season of dynamic change in forest streams of the northeastern United States due to effects of leaf fall on both hydrology and biogeochemistry. Few studies have explored how interactions of biogeochemical transformations, various nitrogen sources, and catchment flow paths affect stream nitrogen variation during autumn. To provide more information on this critical period, we studied (1) the timing, duration, and magnitude of changes to stream nitrate, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and ammonium concentrations; (2) changes in nitrate sources and cycling; and (3) source areas of the landscape that most influence stream nitrogen. We collected samples at higher temporal resolution for a longer duration than typical studies of stream nitrogen during autumn. This sampling scheme encompassed the patterns and extremes that occurred during base flow and stormflow events of autumn. Base flow nitrate concentrations decreased by an order of magnitude from 5.4 to 0.7 µmol L−1 during the week when most leaves fell from deciduous trees. Changes to rates of biogeochemical transformations during autumn base flow explained the low nitrate concentrations; in-stream transformations retained up to 72% of the nitrate that entered a stream reach. A decrease of in-stream nitrification coupled with heterotrophic nitrate cycling were primary factors in the seasonal nitrate decline. The period of low nitrate concentrations ended with a storm event in which stream nitrate concentrations increased by 25-fold. In the ensuing weeks, peak stormflow nitrate concentrations progressively decreased over closely spaced, yet similarly sized events. Most stormflow nitrate originated from nitrification in near-stream areas with occasional, large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate, which has rarely been reported for nonsnowmelt events. A maximum input of 33% unprocessed atmospheric nitrate to the stream occurred during one event. Large inputs of unprocessed atmospheric nitrate show direct and rapid effects on forest streams that may be widespread, although undocumented, throughout nitrogen-polluted temperate forests. In contrast to a week-long nitrate decline during peak autumn litterfall, base flow DON concentrations increased after leaf fall and remained high for 2 months. Dissolved organic nitrogen was hydrologically flushed to the stream from riparian soils during stormflow. In contrast to distinct seasonal changes in base flow nitrate and DON concentrations, ammonium concentrations were typically at or below the detection limit, similar to the rest of the year. Our findings reveal couplings among catchment flow paths, nutrient sources, and transformations that control seasonal extremes of stream nitrogen in forested landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.","doi":"10.1002/2013WR013670","usgsCitation":"Sebestyen, S.D., Shanley, J.B., Boyer, E.W., Kendall, C., and Doctor, D.H., 2014, Coupled hydrological and biogeochemical processes controlling variability of nitrogen species in streamflow during autumn in an upland forest: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 1569-1591, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR013670.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1569","endPage":"1591","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051358","costCenters":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473199,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr013670","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299159,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Vermont","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.13794708251953,\n 44.51878604321945\n ],\n [\n -72.22721099853516,\n 44.39625939021994\n ],\n [\n -72.16850280761719,\n 44.38521938054099\n ],\n [\n -72.17056274414062,\n 44.37196862007497\n ],\n [\n -72.09468841552734,\n 44.35773298166116\n ],\n [\n -72.04627990722656,\n 44.39895774251037\n ],\n [\n -72.08404541015625,\n 44.51070720877548\n ],\n [\n -72.13794708251953,\n 44.51878604321945\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551a75cde4b0323842783502","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sebestyen, Stephen D.","contributorId":107562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sebestyen","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shanley, James B. 0000-0002-4234-3437 jshanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3437","contributorId":1953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shanley","given":"James","email":"jshanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":405,"text":"NH/VT office of New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyer, Elizabeth W.","contributorId":44659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boyer","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":7260,"text":"Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Doctor, Daniel H. 0000-0002-8338-9722 dhdoctor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8338-9722","contributorId":2037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doctor","given":"Daniel","email":"dhdoctor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70193624,"text":"70193624 - 2014 - Distinguishing high surf from volcanic long-period earthquakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-03-11T10:16:15","indexId":"70193624","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distinguishing high surf from volcanic long-period earthquakes","docAbstract":"Repeating long-period (LP) earthquakes are observed at active volcanoes worldwide and are typically attributed to unsteady pressure fluctuations associated with fluid migration through the volcanic plumbing system. Nonvolcanic sources of LP signals include ice movement and glacial outburst floods, and the waveform characteristics and frequency content of these events often make them difficult to distinguish from volcanic LP events. We analyze seismic and infrasound data from an LP swarm recorded at Pagan volcano on 12–14 October 2013 and compare the results to ocean wave data from a nearby buoy. We demonstrate that although the events show strong similarity to volcanic LP signals, the events are not volcanic but due to intense surf generated by a passing typhoon. Seismo-acoustic methods allow for rapid distinction of volcanic LP signals from those generated by large surf and other sources, a critical task for volcano monitoring.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058954","usgsCitation":"Lyons, J.J., Haney, M.M., Fee, D., and Paskievitch, J.F., 2014, Distinguishing high surf from volcanic long-period earthquakes: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 4, p. 1171-1178, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058954.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1171","endPage":"1178","ipdsId":"IP-054227","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058954","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Northern Mariana Islands","otherGeospatial":"Pagan Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.7394790649414,\n 18.09005443316846\n ],\n [\n 145.8211898803711,\n 18.09005443316846\n ],\n [\n 145.8211898803711,\n 18.1794521066779\n ],\n [\n 145.7394790649414,\n 18.1794521066779\n ],\n [\n 145.7394790649414,\n 18.09005443316846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2eabe4b0531197b27fb1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lyons, John J. 0000-0001-5409-1698 jlyons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698","contributorId":5394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyons","given":"John","email":"jlyons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haney, Matthew M. 0000-0003-3317-7884 mhaney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3317-7884","contributorId":172948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haney","given":"Matthew","email":"mhaney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fee, David","contributorId":199660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fee","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paskievitch, John F. jpaskie@usgs.gov","contributorId":3709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskievitch","given":"John","email":"jpaskie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70173459,"text":"70173459 - 2014 - Approaches for advancing scientific understanding of macrosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-16T15:23:41","indexId":"70173459","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Approaches for advancing scientific understanding of macrosystems","docAbstract":"The emergence of macrosystems ecology (MSE), which focuses on regional- to continental-scale ecological patterns and processes, builds upon a history of long-term and broad-scale studies in ecology. Scientists face the difficulty of integrating the many elements that make up macrosystems, which consist of hierarchical processes at interacting spatial and temporal scales. Researchers must also identify the most relevant scales and variables to be considered, the required data resources, and the appropriate study design to provide the proper inferences. The large volumes of multi-thematic data often associated with macrosystem studies typically require validation, standardization, and assimilation. Finally, analytical approaches need to describe how cross-scale and hierarchical dynamics and interactions relate to macroscale phenomena. Here, we elaborate on some key methodological challenges of MSE research and discuss existing and novel approaches to meet them.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/130019","usgsCitation":"Levy, O., Ball, B.A., Bond-Lamberty, B., Cheruvelil, K.S., Finley, A., Lottig, N.R., Punyasena, S.W., Xiao, J., Zhou, J., Buckley, L.B., Filstrup, C.T., Keitt, T.H., Kellner, J.R., Knapp, A., Richardson, A., Tcheng, D., Toomey, M., Vargas, R., Voordeckers, J.W., Wagner, T., and Williams, J.W., 2014, Approaches for advancing scientific understanding of macrosystems: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 12, no. 1, p. 15-23, https://doi.org/10.1890/130019.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"23","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041580","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473192,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/130019","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":323777,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5763cdaee4b07657d19ba74d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Levy, Ofir","contributorId":172026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"Ofir","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Becky A.","contributorId":172027,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ball","given":"Becky","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bond-Lamberty, Ben","contributorId":172028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bond-Lamberty","given":"Ben","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":33852,"text":"Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":13566,"text":"Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cheruvelil, Kendra S.","contributorId":172029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheruvelil","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Finley, Andrew O.","contributorId":70666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finley","given":"Andrew O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lottig, Noah R.","contributorId":172031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lottig","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Punyasena, Surangi W.","contributorId":149853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Punyasena","given":"Surangi","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Xiao, Jingfeng","contributorId":66998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiao","given":"Jingfeng","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Zhou, Jizhong","contributorId":26594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhou","given":"Jizhong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Buckley, Lauren B.","contributorId":172032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buckley","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Filstrup, Christopher T.","contributorId":169032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filstrup","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Keitt, Tim H.","contributorId":172033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Keitt","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Kellner, James R.","contributorId":172034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Knapp, Alan K.","contributorId":139807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Knapp","given":"Alan K.","affiliations":[{"id":13277,"text":"Graduate Degree Program in Ecology and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":639391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Richardson, Andrew D.","contributorId":105199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richardson","given":"Andrew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Tcheng, David","contributorId":172035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tcheng","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Toomey, Michael","contributorId":81788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toomey","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639394,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Vargas, Rodrigo","contributorId":172036,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vargas","given":"Rodrigo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Voordeckers, James W.","contributorId":172037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voordeckers","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20},{"text":"Williams, John W.","contributorId":16761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":639397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":21}]}} ,{"id":70186678,"text":"70186678 - 2014 - Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-07T10:07:43","indexId":"70186678","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1419,"text":"Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel","docAbstract":"Iron is one of the most abundant elements on Earth, but it does not occur in nature in a useful metallic form. Although ancient people may have recovered some iron from meteorites, it wasn’t until smelting was invented that iron metal could be derived from iron oxides. After the beginning of the Iron Age in about 1200 B.C., knowledge of iron- and steelmaking spread from the ancient Middle East through Greece to the Roman Empire, then to Europe and, in the early 17th century, to North America. The first successful furnace in North America began operating in 1646 in what is now Saugus, Mass. Introduction of the Bessemer converter in the mid-19th century made the modern steel age possible.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Fenton, M.D., 2014, Mineral resource of the month: Iron and steel: Earth, v. February 2014, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-052427","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339391,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339386,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/mineral-resource-month-iron-and-steel"}],"volume":"February 2014","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58e8a545e4b09da6799d63b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenton, Michael D. mfenton@usgs.gov","contributorId":2897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenton","given":"Michael","email":"mfenton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690256,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70144299,"text":"70144299 - 2014 - Quantifying the predictive consequences of model error with linear subspace analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-27T10:38:04","indexId":"70144299","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the predictive consequences of model error with linear subspace analysis","docAbstract":"All computer models are simplified and imperfect simulators of complex natural systems. The discrepancy arising from simplification induces bias in model predictions, which may be amplified by the process of model calibration. This paper presents a new method to identify and quantify the predictive consequences of calibrating a simplified computer model. The method is based on linear theory, and it scales efficiently to the large numbers of parameters and observations characteristic of groundwater and petroleum reservoir models. The method is applied to a range of predictions made with a synthetic integrated surface-water/groundwater model with thousands of parameters. Several different observation processing strategies and parameterization/regularization approaches are examined in detail, including use of the Karhunen-Loève parameter transformation. Predictive bias arising from model error is shown to be prediction specific and often invisible to the modeler. The amount of calibration-induced bias is influenced by several factors, including how expert knowledge is applied in the design of parameterization schemes, the number of parameters adjusted during calibration, how observations and model-generated counterparts are processed, and the level of fit with observations achieved through calibration. Failure to properly implement any of these factors in a prediction-specific manner may increase the potential for predictive bias in ways that are not visible to the calibration and uncertainty analysis process.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013WR014767","usgsCitation":"White, J., Doherty, J.E., and Hughes, J.D., 2014, Quantifying the predictive consequences of model error with linear subspace analysis: Water Resources Research, v. 50, no. 2, p. 1152-1173, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014767.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"1152","endPage":"1173","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051515","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473198,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014767","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":299024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"50","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55167f36e4b0323842781b0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Jeremy T. jwhite@usgs.gov","contributorId":3930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Jeremy T.","email":"jwhite@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":543460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doherty, John E.","contributorId":8817,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doherty","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":7046,"text":"Watermark Numerical Computing","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hughes, Joseph D. 0000-0003-1311-2354 jdhughes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-2354","contributorId":2492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hughes","given":"Joseph","email":"jdhughes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189679,"text":"70189679 - 2014 - Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-18T16:50:42","indexId":"70189679","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling","docAbstract":"Contaminants released from wastewater treatment plants can persist in surface waters for substantial distances. Much research has gone into evaluating the fate and transport of these contaminants, but this work has often assumed constant flow from wastewater treatment plants. However, effluent discharge commonly varies widely over a 24-hour period, and this variation controls contaminant loading and can profoundly influence interpretations of environmental data. We show that methodologies relying on the normalization of downstream data to conservative elements can give spurious results, and should not be used unless it can be verified that the same parcel of water was sampled. Lagrangian sampling, which in theory samples the same water parcel as it moves downstream (the Lagrangian parcel), links hydrologic and chemical transformation processes so that the in-stream fate of wastewater contaminants can be quantitatively evaluated. However, precise Lagrangian sampling is difficult, and small deviations – such as missing the Lagrangian parcel by less than 1 h – can cause large differences in measured concentrations of all dissolved compounds at downstream sites, leading to erroneous conclusions regarding in-stream processes controlling the fate and transport of wastewater contaminants. Therefore, we have developed a method termed “verified Lagrangian” sampling, which can be used to determine if the Lagrangian parcel was actually sampled, and if it was not, a means for correcting the data to reflect the concentrations which would have been obtained had the Lagrangian parcel been sampled. To apply the method, it is necessary to have concentration data for a number of conservative constituents from the upstream, effluent, and downstream sites, along with upstream and effluent concentrations that are constant over the short-term (typically 2–4 h). These corrections can subsequently be applied to all data, including non-conservative constituents. Finally, we show how data from other studies can be corrected.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.079","usgsCitation":"Antweiler, R.C., Writer, J.H., and Murphy, S.F., 2014, Evaluation of wastewater contaminant transport in surface waters using verified Lagrangian sampling: Science of the Total Environment, v. 470-471, p. 551-558, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.079.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"551","endPage":"558","ipdsId":"IP-042105","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344087,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"470-471","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbce4b0d1f9f065a8fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Writer, Jeffrey H. jwriter@usgs.gov","contributorId":1393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Writer","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jwriter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, Sheila F. 0000-0002-5481-3635 sfmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5481-3635","contributorId":1854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Sheila","email":"sfmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70144627,"text":"70144627 - 2014 - Colony social structure in native and invasive populations of the social wasp Vespula pensylvanica","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:49:55","indexId":"70144627","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1018,"text":"Biological Invasions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colony social structure in native and invasive populations of the social wasp Vespula pensylvanica","docAbstract":"Social insects rank among the most invasive of terrestrial species. The success of invasive social insects stems, in part, from the flexibility derived from their social behaviors. We used genetic markers to investigate if the social system of the invasive wasp, Vespula pensylvanica, differed in its introduced and native habitats in order to better understand variation in social phenotype in invasive social species. We found that (1) nestmate workers showed lower levels of relatedness in introduced populations than native populations, (2) introduced colonies contained workers produced by multiple queens whereas native colonies contained workers produced by only a single queen, (3) queen mate number did not differ significantly between introduced and native colonies, and (4) workers from introduced colonies were frequently produced by queens that originated from foreign nests. Thus, overall, native and introduced colonies differed substantially in social phenotype because introduced colonies more frequently contained workers produced by multiple, foreign queens. In addition, the similarity in levels of genetic variation in introduced and native habitats, as well as observed variation in colony social phenotype in native populations, suggest that colony structure in invasive populations may be partially associated with social plasticity. Overall, the differences in social structure observed in invasive V. pensylvanica parallel those in other, distantly related invasive social insects, suggesting that insect societies often develop similar social phenotypes upon introduction into new habitats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10530-013-0517-9","usgsCitation":"Hanna, C., Cook, E.D., Thompson, A.R., Dare, L.E., Palaski, A.L., Foote, D., and Goodisman, M.A., 2014, Colony social structure in native and invasive populations of the social wasp Vespula pensylvanica: Biological Invasions, v. 16, no. 2, p. 283-294, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-013-0517-9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"283","endPage":"294","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-055424","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299190,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-07-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551bc529e4b0323842783a3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanna, Cause","contributorId":69035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hanna","given":"Cause","affiliations":[{"id":13013,"text":"Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":543758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Erin D.","contributorId":140016,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cook","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thompson, Ariel R.","contributorId":140017,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ariel","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dare, Lyndzey E.","contributorId":140018,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dare","given":"Lyndzey","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Palaski, Amanda L.","contributorId":140019,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Palaski","given":"Amanda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foote, David dfoote@usgs.gov","contributorId":375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foote","given":"David","email":"dfoote@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":543757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Goodisman, Michael A. D.","contributorId":140020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goodisman","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":543766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70138505,"text":"70138505 - 2014 - Methylmercury production in and export from agricultural wetlands in California, USA: the need to account for physical transport processes into and out of the root zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-01-20T11:34:12","indexId":"70138505","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methylmercury production in and export from agricultural wetlands in California, USA: the need to account for physical transport processes into and out of the root zone","docAbstract":"Concentration and mass balance analyses were used to quantify methylmercury (MeHg) loads from conventional (white) rice, wild rice, and fallowed fields in northern California's Yolo Bypass. These analyses were standardized against chloride to distinguish transport pathways and net ecosystem production (NEP). During summer, chloride loads were both exported with surface water and moved into the root zone at a 2:1 ratio. MeHg and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) behaved similarly with surface water and root zone exports at ~ 3:1 ratio. These trends reversed in winter with DOC, MeHg, and chloride moving from the root zone to surface waters at rates opposite and exceeding summertime root zone fluxes. These trends suggest that summer transpiration advectively moves constituents from surface water into the root zone, and winter diffusion, driven by concentration gradients, subsequently releases those constituents into surface waters. The results challenge a number of paradigms regarding MeHg. Specifically, biogeochemical conditions favoring microbial MeHg production do not necessarily translate to synchronous surface water exports; MeHg may be preserved in the soils allowing for release at a later time; and plants play a role in both biogeochemistry and transport. Our calculations show that NEP of MeHg occurred during both summer irrigation and winter flooding. Wild rice wet harvesting and winter flooding of white rice fields were specific practices that increased MeHg export, both presumably related to increased labile organic carbon and disturbance. Outflow management during these times could reduce MeHg exports. Standardizing MeHg outflow:inflow concentration ratios against natural tracers (e.g. chloride, EC) provides a simple tool to identify NEP periods. Summer MeHg exports averaged 0.2 to 1 μg m− 2 for the different agricultural wetland fields, depending upon flood duration. Average winter MeHg exports were estimated at 0.3 μg m− 2. These exports are within the range reported for other shallow aquatic systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.086","usgsCitation":"Bachand, P., Bachand, S., Fleck, J., Alpers, C.N., Stephenson, M., and Windham-Myers, L., 2014, Methylmercury production in and export from agricultural wetlands in California, USA: the need to account for physical transport processes into and out of the root zone: Science of the Total Environment, v. 472, p. 957-970, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.086.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"957","endPage":"970","numberOfPages":"14","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-036820","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":297385,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.70242309570312,\n 38.42347008084994\n ],\n [\n -121.70242309570312,\n 38.59326051987162\n ],\n [\n -121.57196044921875,\n 38.59326051987162\n ],\n [\n -121.57196044921875,\n 38.42347008084994\n ],\n [\n -121.70242309570312,\n 38.42347008084994\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"472","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":1,"text":"Sacramento PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2bfbe4b08de9379b35c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bachand, Philip","contributorId":81013,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Philip","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bachand, Sandra M.","contributorId":45542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bachand","given":"Sandra M.","affiliations":[{"id":12526,"text":"Bachand & Associates","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":538762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":538759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephenson, Mark","contributorId":56951,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stephenson","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":538763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Windham-Myers, Lisamarie 0000-0003-0281-9581 lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-9581","contributorId":2449,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Windham-Myers","given":"Lisamarie","email":"lwindham-myers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":538760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70047200,"text":"70047200 - 2014 - Status of native stream fishes within selected protected areas of Niobrara River in western Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-12T13:00:15","indexId":"70047200","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1859,"text":"Great Plains Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Status of native stream fishes within selected protected areas of Niobrara River in western Nebraska","docAbstract":"Lotic systems within the Great Plains are characterized by highly fluctuating conditions through both space and time. Fishes inhabiting these systems have adopted specific life-history strategies to survive in such environments; however, anthropogenic disturbance to prairie streams has resulted in declines and extirpation of many native stream fishes. Terrestrial protected areas (i.e., parks and reserves) are designated to support native flora and fauna and, it is assumed, to provide protection to native fishes. We assessed the presence and relative abundance of stream fish populations within protected areas along the Niobrara River in western Nebraska based on data collected during 1979, 1989, 2008, and 2011. The spatial extent of protection, landscape changes resulting in degraded physiochemical parameters, and introduced species may reduce the effectiveness of these terrestrial protected areas in protecting native fishes in Great Plains stream environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Great Plains Studies","doi":"10.1353/gpr.2014.0009","usgsCitation":"Spurgeon, J., Stasiak, R.H., Cunningham, G.R., Pope, K.L., and Pegg, M.A., 2014, Status of native stream fishes within selected protected areas of Niobrara River in western Nebraska: Great Plains Research, v. 24, no. 1, p. 71-78, https://doi.org/10.1353/gpr.2014.0009.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"71","endPage":"78","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-044994","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":325101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579dd03be4b0589fa1cbde5b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spurgeon, Jonathan J.","contributorId":146395,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spurgeon","given":"Jonathan J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stasiak, Richard H.","contributorId":147847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stasiak","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":16944,"text":"University of Nebraska-Omaha","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":642219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cunningham, George R.","contributorId":172834,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cunningham","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pope, Kevin L. 0000-0003-1876-1687 kpope@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-1687","contributorId":1574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"Kevin","email":"kpope@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":518098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pegg, Mark A.","contributorId":45212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pegg","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":642221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70131489,"text":"70131489 - 2014 - Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-26T14:20:47.474944","indexId":"70131489","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"5","title":"Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET","docAbstract":"Continental Africa has the highest volume of water stored in wetlands, large lakes, reservoirs, and rivers, yet it suffers from problems such as water availability and access. With climate change intensifying the hydrologic cycle and altering the distribution and frequency of rainfall, the problem of water availability and access will increase further. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has initiated a large-scale project to monitor small to medium surface water points in Africa. Under this project, multisource satellite data and hydrologic modeling techniques are integrated to monitor several hundreds of small to medium surface water points in Africa. This approach has been already tested to operationally monitor 41 water points in East Africa. The validation of modeled scaled depths with field-installed gauge data demonstrated the ability of the model to capture both the spatial patterns and seasonal variations. Modeled scaled estimates captured up to 60 % of the observed gauge variability with a mean root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 22 %. The data on relative water level, precipitation, and evapotranspiration (ETo) for water points in East and West Africa were modeled since 1998 and current information is being made available in near-real time. This chapter presents the approach, results from the East African study, and the first phase of expansion activities in the West Africa region. The water point monitoring network will be further expanded to cover much of sub-Saharan Africa. The goal of this study is to provide timely information on the water availability that would support already established FEWS NET activities in Africa. This chapter also presents the potential improvements in modeling approach to be implemented during future expansion in Africa.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nile River Basin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_5","usgsCitation":"Velpuri, N.M., Senay, G.B., Rowland, J., Verdin, J.P., and Alemu, H., 2014, Africa-wide monitoring of small surface water bodies using multisource satellite data: A monitoring system for FEWS NET, chap. 5 of Nile River Basin, p. 69-95, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02720-3_5.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"69","endPage":"95","numberOfPages":"27","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-052450","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -21.796875,\n -35.17380831799957\n ],\n [\n -21.796875,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n 51.50390625,\n 37.85750715625203\n ],\n [\n 51.50390625,\n -35.17380831799957\n ],\n [\n -21.796875,\n -35.17380831799957\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-02-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"546f10e3e4b057be23d4a73d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Melesse, Assefa M.","contributorId":45044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melesse","given":"Assefa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7003,"text":"Deprtment of Earth & Environmental ECS 339, Florida Interational University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525612,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abtew, Wossenu","contributorId":127536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abtew","given":"Wossenu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7036,"text":"South Florida Water Management District","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525613,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Setegn, Shimelis G.","contributorId":127537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Setegn","given":"Shimelis","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":525614,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Velpuri, Naga Manohar 0000-0002-6370-1926 nvelpuri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6370-1926","contributorId":4441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velpuri","given":"Naga","email":"nvelpuri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Manohar","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":521261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rowland, James 0000-0003-4837-3511 rowland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4837-3511","contributorId":3108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowland","given":"James","email":"rowland@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Verdin, James P. 0000-0003-0238-9657 verdin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0238-9657","contributorId":720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verdin","given":"James","email":"verdin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":521264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Alemu, Henok","contributorId":124527,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alemu","given":"Henok","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5087,"text":"Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence (GIScCE), South Dakota State University, Brookings, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":521262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70176295,"text":"70176295 - 2014 - Effects of woody vegetation on overbank sand transport during a large flood, Rio Puerco, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-08T14:08:09","indexId":"70176295","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of woody vegetation on overbank sand transport during a large flood, Rio Puerco, New Mexico","docAbstract":"Distributions of woody vegetation on floodplain surfaces affect flood-flow erosion and deposition processes. A large flood along the lower Rio Puerco, New Mexico, in August 2006 caused extensive erosion in a reach that had been sprayed with herbicide in September 2003 for the purpose of saltcedar (Tamarix spp.) control. Large volumes of sediment, including a substantial fraction of sand, were delivered to the reach downstream, which had not been treated with herbicide. We applied physically based, one-dimensional models of flow and suspended-sediment transport to compute volume concentrations of sand in suspension in floodplain flow at a site within the sprayed reach and at a site downstream from the sprayed reach. We computed the effects of drag on woody stems in reducing the skin friction shear stress, velocity of flow, and suspended-sand transport from open paths into patches of dense stems. Total flow and suspended-sand fluxes were computed for each site using well-constrained flood-flow depths, water-surface slopes, and measured shrub characteristics. Results show that flow in open paths carried high concentrations of sand in suspension with nearly uniform vertical distributions. Drag on woody floodplain stems reduced skin friction shear stresses by two orders of magnitude, yet sufficient velocities were maintained to transport sand more than 50 m into fields of dense, free-surface-penetrating stems. An increase in shrub canopy extent from 31% in the sprayed reach site to 49% in the downstream site was found to account for 69% of the computed decrease in discharge between the two sites. The results demonstrate the need to compute the spatial distribution of skin friction shear stress in order to effectively compute suspended-sand transport and to predict the fate of sediment and contaminants carried in suspension during large floods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.10.025","usgsCitation":"Griffin, E.R., Perignon, M.C., Friedman, J.M., and Tucker, G., 2014, Effects of woody vegetation on overbank sand transport during a large flood, Rio Puerco, New Mexico: Geomorphology, v. 207, p. 30-50, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.10.025.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"50","ipdsId":"IP-044985","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328337,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335013,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F72N50CM","text":"Lower Rio Puerco geospatial data, 1935 - 2014"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Rio Puerco","volume":"207","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57d13a3ae4b0571647cf8dcd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffin, Eleanor R. 0000-0001-6724-9853 egriffin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-9853","contributorId":1775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffin","given":"Eleanor","email":"egriffin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Perignon, Mariela C.","contributorId":174409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Perignon","given":"Mariela","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":27450,"text":"CIRES, UC Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":648290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friedman, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-1329-0663 friedmanj@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1329-0663","contributorId":2473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"Jonathan","email":"friedmanj@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":648242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tucker, Gregory E.","contributorId":39280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tucker","given":"Gregory E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":648244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70187416,"text":"70187416 - 2014 - Cross-scale interactions: Quantifying multi-scaled cause–effect relationships in macrosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T16:36:42","indexId":"70187416","displayToPublicDate":"2014-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1701,"text":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cross-scale interactions: Quantifying multi-scaled cause–effect relationships in macrosystems","docAbstract":"Ecologists are increasingly discovering that ecological processes are made up of components that are multi-scaled in space and time. Some of the most complex of these processes are cross-scale interactions (CSIs), which occur when components interact across scales. When undetected, such interactions may cause errors in extrapolation from one region to another. CSIs, particularly those that include a regional scaled component, have not been systematically investigated or even reported because of the challenges of acquiring data at sufficiently broad spatial extents. We present an approach for quantifying CSIs and apply it to a case study investigating one such interaction, between local and regional scaled land-use drivers of lake phosphorus. Ultimately, our approach for investigating CSIs can serve as a basis for efforts to understand a wide variety of multi-scaled problems such as climate change, land-use/land-cover change, and invasive species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/120366","usgsCitation":"Soranno, P.A., Cheruvelil, K.S., Bissell, E.G., Bremigan, M.T., Downing, J., Fergus, C.E., Filstrup, C.T., Henry, E.N., Lottig, N.R., Stanley, E.H., Stow, C., Tan, P., Wagner, T., and Webster, K.E., 2014, Cross-scale interactions: Quantifying multi-scaled cause–effect relationships in macrosystems: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 12, no. 1, p. 65-73, https://doi.org/10.1890/120366.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"73","ipdsId":"IP-041581","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473194,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/120366","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340744,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59099ab0e4b0fc4e4491580c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soranno, Patricia A.","contributorId":172104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Soranno","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cheruvelil, Kendra S.","contributorId":172029,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cheruvelil","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bissell, Edward G.","contributorId":191718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bissell","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693965,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bremigan, Mary T.","contributorId":172105,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bremigan","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693966,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Downing, John A.","contributorId":70348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downing","given":"John A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fergus, Carol E.","contributorId":191719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fergus","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Filstrup, Christopher T.","contributorId":169032,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Filstrup","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Henry, Emily N.","contributorId":172189,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Henry","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lottig, Noah R.","contributorId":172031,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lottig","given":"Noah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Stanley, Emily H.","contributorId":55725,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stanley","given":"Emily","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":12951,"text":"Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":693972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Stow, Craig A.","contributorId":49733,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stow","given":"Craig A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tan, Pang-Ning","contributorId":172193,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tan","given":"Pang-Ning","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wagner, Tyler 0000-0003-1726-016X twagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1726-016X","contributorId":1050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Tyler","email":"twagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":693975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Webster, Katherine E.","contributorId":147903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":693976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ]}