{"pageNumber":"1413","pageRowStart":"35300","pageSize":"25","recordCount":165227,"records":[{"id":70047923,"text":"70047923 - 2013 - Role of a polymorphism in a Hox/Pax-responsive enhancer in the evolution of the vertebrate spine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-30T16:05:16","indexId":"70047923","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-30T16:02:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of a polymorphism in a Hox/Pax-responsive enhancer in the evolution of the vertebrate spine","docAbstract":"Patterning of the vertebrate skeleton requires the coordinated activity of Hox genes. In particular, Hox10 proteins are essential to set the transition from thoracic to lumbar vertebrae because of their rib-repressing activity. In snakes, however, the thoracic region extends well into Hox10-expressing areas of the embryo, suggesting that these proteins are unable to block rib formation. Here, we show that this is not a result of the loss of rib-repressing properties by the snake proteins, but rather to a single base pair change in a Hox/Paired box (Pax)-responsive enhancer, which prevents the binding of Hox proteins. This polymorphism is also found in Paenungulata, such as elephants and manatees, which have extended rib cages. In vivo, this modified enhancer failed to respond to Hox10 activity, supporting its role in the extension of rib cages. In contrast, the enhancer could still interact with Hoxb6 and Pax3 to promote rib formation. These results suggest that a polymorphism in the Hox/Pax-responsive enhancer may have played a role in the evolution of the vertebrate spine by differently modulating its response to rib-suppressing and rib-promoting Hox proteins.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Science","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1300592110","usgsCitation":"Guerreiro, I., Nunes, A., Woltering, J.M., Casaca, A., Novoa, A., Vinagre, T., Hunter, M., Duboule, D., and Mallo, M., 2013, Role of a polymorphism in a Hox/Pax-responsive enhancer in the evolution of the vertebrate spine: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 110, no. 26, p. 10682-10686, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300592110.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"10682","endPage":"10686","ipdsId":"IP-038658","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300592110","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277221,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277220,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300592110"}],"volume":"110","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5221b0e8e4b001cbb8a34e9f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guerreiro, Isabel","contributorId":92570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guerreiro","given":"Isabel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nunes, Andreia","contributorId":10318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nunes","given":"Andreia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woltering, Joost M.","contributorId":24674,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woltering","given":"Joost","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Casaca, Ana","contributorId":22666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casaca","given":"Ana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Novoa, Ana","contributorId":30125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novoa","given":"Ana","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vinagre, Tania","contributorId":87846,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinagre","given":"Tania","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hunter, Margaret E. 0000-0002-4760-9302 mhunter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4760-9302","contributorId":4888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"Margaret E.","email":"mhunter@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Duboule, Denis","contributorId":66579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duboule","given":"Denis","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mallo, Moises","contributorId":98205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mallo","given":"Moises","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70047926,"text":"70047926 - 2013 - Estimating abundance while accounting for rarity, correlated behavior, and other sources of variation in counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-30T15:55:29","indexId":"70047926","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-30T15:51:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating abundance while accounting for rarity, correlated behavior, and other sources of variation in counts","docAbstract":"The class of N-mixture models allows abundance to be estimated from repeated, point count surveys while adjusting for imperfect detection of individuals. We developed an extension of N-mixture models to account for two commonly observed phenomena in point count surveys: rarity and lack of independence induced by unmeasurable sources of variation in the detectability of individuals. Rarity increases the number of locations with zero detections in excess of those expected under simple models of abundance (e.g., Poisson or negative binomial). Correlated behavior of individuals and other phenomena, though difficult to measure, increases the variation in detection probabilities among surveys. Our extension of N-mixture models includes a hurdle model of abundance and a beta-binomial model of detectability that accounts for additional (extra-binomial) sources of variation in detections among surveys. As an illustration, we fit this model to repeated point counts of the West Indian manatee, which was observed in a pilot study using aerial surveys. Our extension of N-mixture models provides increased flexibility. The effects of different sets of covariates may be estimated for the probability of occurrence of a species, for its mean abundance at occupied locations, and for its detectability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/12-1365.1","usgsCitation":"Dorazio, R.M., Martin, J., and Edwards, H.H., 2013, Estimating abundance while accounting for rarity, correlated behavior, and other sources of variation in counts: Ecology, v. 94, no. 7, p. 1472-1478, https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1365.1.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1472","endPage":"1478","ipdsId":"IP-039066","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277217,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277216,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/12-1365.1"}],"volume":"94","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5221b0e7e4b001cbb8a34e93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dorazio, Robert M. 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":1668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Juulien","contributorId":62119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Juulien","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Edwards, Holly H.","contributorId":66419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047935,"text":"sir20135096 - 2013 - Settlement of the USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-30T14:15:06","indexId":"sir20135096","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-30T14:01:24","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5096","title":"Settlement of the USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the National Park Service Submerged Resources Center, undertook investigations at the USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in 2002, 2003, and 2005 to characterize geological factors affecting the deterioration and movement of the hull of the USS Arizona. Since sinking on the morning of December 7, 1941, the hull of the USS Arizona has been slowly but steadily disappearing below the surface of Pearl Harbor. Continuous sediment coring at three of four locations around the hull of the Arizona was only partially successful, but it was sufficient to identify a varied sedimentary substrate beneath the hull. A boring near the stern reveals a thick, continuous sequence of soft, gray clay to the bottom of the boring. In contrast, borings near the bow and starboard side, below about 5 meters subbottom depth, indicate the presence of very stiff, brown clay and coral debris and an absence of soft clay. Multisensor core logger scanning of the recovered cores distinguishes the lower density of the soft, gray clay at the stern from the higher density of the stiff, brown clays and coral debris at the bow and starboard side. Uniaxial consolidation testing of the soft gray clay indicates a normally consolidated sequence, whereas the stiff, brown clay and coral debris are overconsolidated. Profiles of shear wave velocity vs. depth obtained through spectral analysis of interface wave testing around the perimeter of the hull in 2005 identified areas of higher velocity, stiffer sediment at the bow and starboard side, which correspond to the dense, stiff clay recovered near the bow and starboard borings. Low shear-wave velocities at the port midship and quarter of the hull correlate with the lower density, softer sediment recovered from the boring at the stern. Cross sections of the subbottom of the Memorial combine results from the sediment borings and geophysical surveys and depict a wedge of soft clay unconformably overlying the stiff clays and coral debris beneath the aft half of the USS Arizona and thickening toward the stern. The 2008 position of the hull has been documented using both tide-based and differential Global Positioning System (GPS) measuring systems. Analysis of historical and recent photographs was done to create a record of settlement from the time of sinking in 1941 to the present. By examining shadows in suitable photos, the sun azimuth, local time of day, and tide levels were determined to derive tide-adjusted and sea-level-rise-corrected elevations for structures on the hull and from these elevations to obtain settlement and tilt trends. The settlement trends, most complete for barbette 3, have two components. An early, nonlinear component ends on December 9, 1941, and represents the initial penetration and displacement of the bottom sediment by the hull. A linear, long-term trend of normal consolidation continues to the present day. Long-term settlement rates are greatest at the stern and decrease linearly to the midship, showing that the aft half of the hull is moving as an intact, rigid body. The recent rate of settlement at the stern is about 3.5 mm/year; rates at the starboard midship and forward part of the hull are less than one-third of the stern rate. The aft half of the USS Arizona hull presently tilts about 2 degrees to port, an increase of at least 1.5 degrees since the initial sinking of the ship. The results of this study identify differential settlement of the Arizona hull, due to the wedge of soft clay underlying the aft half of the hull, as the cause of the movement of the hull beneath the surface of Pearl Harbor. Calculation of sediment consolidation using lab-determined properties of the soft clay demonstrates that the observed settlements can be reproduced by projecting appropriate clay thicknesses beneath the hull. Several of the high-quality photographs analyzed for the historical settlement analysis highlight some of the limitations of this retrospective technique for determining tide-based elevations. In these cases, calculated structure elevations do not conform to the settlement trend, indicating that there can be complicating factors affecting the interpretation of the photos. Conflicting dates for events during the salvage operations were also encountered.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135096","usgsCitation":"Carkin, B.A., and Kayen, R., 2013, Settlement of the USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5096, viii, 154 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135096.","productDescription":"viii, 154 p.","numberOfPages":"166","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135096.gif"},{"id":277200,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5096/"},{"id":277201,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5096/pdf/sir2013-5096.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawai'i","otherGeospatial":"Pearl Harbor","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -157.9702329,21.3490682 ], [ -157.9702329,21.3491682 ], [ -157.9701329,21.3491682 ], [ -157.9701329,21.3490682 ], [ -157.9702329,21.3490682 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5221b0e9e4b001cbb8a34ea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carkin, Brad A.","contributorId":89049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carkin","given":"Brad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kayen, Robert E. rkayen@usgs.gov","contributorId":2787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kayen","given":"Robert E.","email":"rkayen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047925,"text":"sir20135141 - 2013 - Comparison of methods for predicting shear-wave velocities of unconsolidated shallow sediments in the Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-04T15:20:02","indexId":"sir20135141","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-30T12:26:46","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5141","title":"Comparison of methods for predicting shear-wave velocities of unconsolidated shallow sediments in the Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"Accurate shear-wave velocities for shallow sediments are important for a variety of seismic applications such as inver-sion and amplitude versus offset analysis. During the U.S. Department of Energy-sponsored Gas Hydrate Joint Industry Project Leg II, shear-wave velocities were measured at six wells in the Gulf of Mexico using the logging-while-drilling SonicScope acoustic tool. Because the tool measurement point was only 35 feet from the drill bit, the adverse effect of the borehole condition, which is severe for the shallow unconsolidated sediments in the Gulf of Mexico, was mini-mized and accurate shear-wave velocities of unconsolidated sediments were measured. Measured shear-wave velocities were compared with the shear-wave velocities predicted from the compressional-wave velocities using empirical formulas and the rock physics models based on the Biot-Gassmann theory, and the effectiveness of the two prediction methods was evaluated. Although the empirical equation derived from measured shear-wave data is accurate for predicting shear-wave velocities for depths greater than 500 feet in these wells, the three-phase Biot-Gassmann-theory -based theory appears to be optimum for predicting shear-wave velocities for shallow unconsolidated sediments in the Gulf of Mexico.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135141","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 2013, Comparison of methods for predicting shear-wave velocities of unconsolidated shallow sediments in the Gulf of Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5141, iii, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135141.","productDescription":"iii, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"19","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277191,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135141.gif"},{"id":277189,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5141/"},{"id":277190,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5141/pdf/SIR13-5141.pdf"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Gulf Of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.86,18.18 ], [ -97.86,30.4 ], [ -81.04,30.4 ], [ -81.04,18.18 ], [ -97.86,18.18 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5221b0e9e4b001cbb8a34ea7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W. mlee@usgs.gov","contributorId":779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","email":"mlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047903,"text":"ofr20131184 - 2013 - U.S. mineral dependence—Statistical compilation of U.S. and world mineral production, consumption, and trade, 1990–2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-30T08:22:47","indexId":"ofr20131184","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-30T08:08:56","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1184","title":"U.S. mineral dependence—Statistical compilation of U.S. and world mineral production, consumption, and trade, 1990–2010","docAbstract":"This report provides insight into the dependence of the United States on foreign supply to meet the country’s mineral needs. When determining vulnerabilities to the U.S. supply, it is not enough to look solely at the mining source for each mineral to determine the potential impact that a supply disruption might have on the Nation’s economy. The tables that accompany this report help to illustrate the importance not only of the mining and processing of minerals but also the exporting countries and end uses. Understanding the total risks and costs of supply disruptions along the supply chain are beyond the scope of this report. However, this overview of mineral production, consumption, and trade highlights the importance of understanding what is happening at each point along the supply chain.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131184","usgsCitation":"Barry, J.J., Matos, G.R., and Menzie, W.D., 2013, U.S. mineral dependence—Statistical compilation of U.S. and world mineral production, consumption, and trade, 1990–2010: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1184, Report: ii, 6 p.; Tables 1-85 Excel, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131184.","productDescription":"Report: ii, 6 p.; Tables 1-85 Excel","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277167,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131184.gif"},{"id":277164,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1184/"},{"id":277165,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1184/pdf/ofr2013-1184.pdf"},{"id":277166,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1184/excel/ofr2013-1184_table.xlsx"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5221b0eae4b001cbb8a34eaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barry, James J. jbarry@usgs.gov","contributorId":501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barry","given":"James","email":"jbarry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Matos, Grecia R. 0000-0002-3285-3070 gmatos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3285-3070","contributorId":2656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matos","given":"Grecia","email":"gmatos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483253,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Menzie, W. David","contributorId":15645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Menzie","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483254,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047902,"text":"fs20133050 - 2013 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:09:22","indexId":"fs20133050","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-30T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3050","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Colorado, elevation data are critical for natural resources conservation, agriculture and precision farming, infrastructure and construction management, flood risk management, geologic resource assessment and hazards mitigation, and other business uses. Today, high-density light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the primary sources for deriving elevation models and other datasets. Federal, State, Tribal, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data that are older and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data.</p>\n<p>The National Enhanced Elevation Assessment evaluated multiple elevation data acquisition options to determine the optimal data quality and data replacement cycle relative to cost to meet the identified requirements of the user community. The evaluation demonstrated that lidar acquisition at quality level 2 for the conterminous United States and quality level 5 interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ifsar) data for Alaska with a 6- to 10-year acquisition cycle provided the highest benefit/cost ratios. The 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative selected an 8-year acquisition cycle for the respective quality levels. 3DEP, managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the Office of Management and Budget Circular A&ndash;16 lead agency for terrestrial elevation data, responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other 3D representations of the Nation&rsquo;s natural and constructed features.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133050","usgsCitation":"Carswell, W., 2013, The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Colorado (Originally posted August 29, 2013; Version 1.1: June 27, 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3050, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133050.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277163,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133050.gif"},{"id":277161,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3050/"},{"id":277162,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3050/pdf/fs2013-3050.pdf","text":"Report","size":"331 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"6\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Colorado\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"},\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-106.190554,40.997607],[-106.061181,40.996999],[-105.730421,40.996886],[-105.724804,40.99691],[-105.277138,40.998173],[-105.27686,40.998173],[-105.256527,40.998191],[-105.254779,40.99821],[-104.943371,40.998084],[-104.855273,40.998048],[-104.829504,40.99927],[-104.675999,41.000957],[-104.497149,41.001828],[-104.497058,41.001805],[-104.467672,41.001473],[-104.214692,41.001657],[-104.214191,41.001568],[-104.211473,41.001591],[-104.123586,41.001626],[-104.10459,41.001543],[-104.086068,41.001563],[-104.066961,41.001504],[-104.053249,41.001406],[-104.039238,41.001502],[-104.023383,41.001887],[-104.018223,41.001617],[-103.972642,41.001615],[-103.971373,41.001524],[-103.953525,41.001596],[-103.906324,41.001387],[-103.896207,41.00175],[-103.877967,41.001673],[-103.858449,41.001681],[-103.750498,41.002054],[-103.574522,41.001721],[-103.497447,41.001635],[-103.486697,41.001914],[-103.421975,41.002007],[-103.421925,41.001969],[-103.396991,41.002558],[-103.382492,41.002232],[-103.365314,41.001846],[-103.362979,41.001844],[-103.077804,41.002298],[-103.076536,41.002253],[-103.059538,41.002368],[-103.057998,41.002368],[-103.043444,41.002344],[-103.038704,41.002251],[-103.002026,41.002486],[-103.000102,41.0024],[-102.98269,41.002157],[-102.981483,41.002112],[-102.963669,41.002186],[-102.962522,41.002072],[-102.960706,41.002059],[-102.959624,41.002095],[-102.94483,41.002303],[-102.943109,41.002051],[-102.925568,41.00228],[-102.924029,41.002142],[-102.906547,41.002276],[-102.904796,41.002207],[-102.887407,41.002178],[-102.885746,41.002131],[-102.867822,41.002183],[-102.865784,41.001988],[-102.849263,41.002301],[-102.846455,41.002256],[-102.830303,41.002351],[-102.82728,41.002143],[-102.773546,41.002414],[-102.766723,41.002275],[-102.754617,41.002361],[-102.739624,41.00223],[-102.653463,41.002332],[-102.621033,41.002597],[-102.578696,41.002291],[-102.575738,41.002268],[-102.575496,41.0022],[-102.566048,41.0022],[-102.556789,41.002219],[-102.487955,41.002445],[-102.470537,41.002382],[-102.469223,41.002424],[-102.379593,41.002301],[-102.364066,41.002174],[-102.292833,41.002207],[-102.292622,41.00223],[-102.292553,41.002207],[-102.291354,41.002207],[-102.2721,41.002245],[-102.267812,41.002383],[-102.231931,41.002327],[-102.2122,41.002462],[-102.209361,41.002442],[-102.19121,41.002326],[-102.124972,41.002338],[-102.070598,41.002423],[-102.051718,41.002377],[-102.051614,41.002377],[-102.051292,40.749591],[-102.051292,40.749586],[-102.051398,40.697542],[-102.051725,40.537839],[-102.051519,40.520094],[-102.051465,40.440008],[-102.05184,40.396396],[-102.051572,40.39308],[-102.051798,40.360069],[-102.051553,40.349214],[-102.051309,40.338381],[-102.051922,40.235344],[-102.051894,40.229193],[-102.051909,40.162674],[-102.052001,40.148359],[-102.051744,40.003078],[-102.051569,39.849805],[-102.051363,39.843471],[-102.051318,39.833311],[-102.051254,39.818992],[-102.050594,39.675594],[-102.050099,39.653812],[-102.050422,39.646048],[-102.049954,39.592331],[-102.049806,39.574058],[-102.049764,39.56818],[-102.049554,39.538932],[-102.049673,39.536691],[-102.049679,39.506183],[-102.049369,39.423333],[-102.04937,39.41821],[-102.049167,39.403597],[-102.04896,39.373712],[-102.048449,39.303138],[-102.04725,39.13702],[-102.047189,39.133147],[-102.047134,39.129701],[-102.046571,39.047038],[-102.045388,38.813392],[-102.045334,38.799463],[-102.045448,38.783453],[-102.045371,38.770064],[-102.045287,38.755528],[-102.045375,38.754339],[-102.045212,38.697567],[-102.045156,38.688555],[-102.045127,38.686725],[-102.04516,38.675221],[-102.045102,38.674946],[-102.045074,38.669617],[-102.045288,38.615249],[-102.045288,38.615168],[-102.045211,38.581609],[-102.045189,38.558732],[-102.045223,38.543797],[-102.045112,38.523784],[-102.045262,38.505532],[-102.045263,38.505395],[-102.045324,38.453647],[-102.044936,38.41968],[-102.044442,38.415802],[-102.044944,38.384419],[-102.044613,38.312324],[-102.044568,38.268819],[-102.044567,38.268749],[-102.04451,38.262412],[-102.044398,38.250015],[-102.044251,38.141778],[-102.044589,38.125013],[-102.044255,38.113011],[-102.044644,38.045532],[-102.043844,37.928102],[-102.043845,37.926135],[-102.043219,37.867929],[-102.043033,37.824146],[-102.042953,37.803535],[-102.042668,37.788758],[-102.042158,37.760164],[-102.04199,37.738541],[-102.041876,37.723875],[-102.041574,37.680436],[-102.041694,37.665681],[-102.041582,37.654495],[-102.041585,37.644282],[-102.041618,37.607868],[-102.041894,37.557977],[-102.041899,37.541186],[-102.042016,37.535261],[-102.041786,37.506066],[-102.041801,37.469488],[-102.041755,37.434855],[-102.041669,37.43474],[-102.041676,37.409898],[-102.041586,37.38919],[-102.041524,37.375018],[-102.042089,37.352819],[-102.041974,37.352613],[-102.041817,37.30949],[-102.041664,37.29765],[-102.041963,37.258164],[-102.042002,37.141744],[-102.042135,37.125021],[-102.042092,37.125021],[-102.041809,37.111973],[-102.041983,37.106551],[-102.04192,37.035083],[-102.041749,37.034397],[-102.041921,37.032178],[-102.04195,37.030805],[-102.041952,37.024742],[-102.04224,36.993083],[-102.054503,36.993109],[-102.184271,36.993593],[-102.208316,36.99373],[-102.260789,36.994388],[-102.355288,36.994506],[-102.355367,36.994575],[-102.698142,36.995149],[-102.74206,36.997689],[-102.75986,37.000019],[-102.778569,36.999242],[-102.806762,37.000019],[-102.814616,37.000783],[-102.841989,36.999598],[-102.979613,36.998549],[-102.985807,36.998571],[-102.986976,36.998524],[-103.002199,37.000104],[-103.086106,37.000174],[-103.155922,37.000232],[-103.733247,36.998016],[-103.734364,36.998041],[-104.007855,36.996239],[-104.250536,36.994644],[-104.338833,36.993535],[-104.519257,36.993766],[-104.624556,36.994377],[-104.625545,36.993599],[-104.645029,36.993378],[-104.732031,36.993447],[-104.73212,36.993484],[-105.000554,36.993264],[-105.029228,36.992729],[-105.1208,36.995428],[-105.155042,36.995339],[-105.220613,36.995169],[-105.251296,36.995605],[-105.41931,36.995856],[-105.442459,36.995994],[-105.447255,36.996017],[-105.465182,36.995991],[-105.508836,36.995895],[-105.512485,36.995777],[-105.533922,36.995875],[-105.62747,36.995679],[-105.66472,36.995874],[-105.716471,36.995849],[-105.71847,36.995846],[-105.996159,36.995418],[-105.997472,36.995417],[-106.006634,36.995343],[-106.201469,36.994122],[-106.247705,36.994266],[-106.248675,36.994288],[-106.293279,36.99389],[-106.343139,36.99423],[-106.47628,36.993839],[-106.500589,36.993768],[-106.617159,36.992967],[-106.617125,36.993004],[-106.628652,36.993175],[-106.628733,36.993161],[-106.661344,36.993243],[-106.675626,36.993123],[-106.750591,36.992461],[-106.869796,36.992426],[-106.877292,37.000139],[-107.420913,37.000005],[-107.420915,37.000005],[-107.481737,37.000005],[-108.000623,37.000001],[-108.249358,36.999015],[-108.250635,36.999561],[-108.288086,36.999555],[-108.2884,36.99952],[-108.320464,36.999499],[-108.320721,36.99951],[-108.379203,36.999459],[-108.619689,36.999249],[-108.620309,36.999287],[-108.954404,36.998906],[-108.958868,36.998913],[-109.045223,36.999084],[-109.045166,37.072742],[-109.045058,37.074661],[-109.044995,37.086429],[-109.045189,37.096271],[-109.045173,37.109464],[-109.045203,37.111958],[-109.045156,37.112064],[-109.045995,37.177279],[-109.045978,37.201831],[-109.045487,37.210844],[-109.045584,37.249351],[-109.046039,37.249993],[-109.04581,37.374993],[-109.043464,37.484711],[-109.043137,37.499992],[-109.041915,37.530653],[-109.041865,37.530726],[-109.041806,37.604171],[-109.042131,37.617662],[-109.042089,37.623795],[-109.042269,37.666067],[-109.041732,37.711214],[-109.04176,37.713182],[-109.041636,37.74021],[-109.042098,37.74999],[-109.041461,37.800105],[-109.041754,37.835826],[-109.041723,37.842051],[-109.041844,37.872788],[-109.041653,37.88117],[-109.041058,37.907236],[-109.043121,37.97426],[-109.042819,37.997068],[-109.04282,37.999301],[-109.041837,38.153022],[-109.041762,38.16469],[-109.054648,38.244921],[-109.060062,38.275489],[-109.059962,38.499987],[-109.060253,38.599328],[-109.059541,38.719888],[-109.057388,38.795456],[-109.054189,38.874984],[-109.053943,38.904414],[-109.053797,38.905284],[-109.053233,38.942467],[-109.053292,38.942878],[-109.052436,38.999985],[-109.051512,39.126095],[-109.050765,39.366677],[-109.051363,39.497674],[-109.05104,39.660472],[-109.050615,39.87497],[-109.050873,40.058915],[-109.050813,40.059579],[-109.050944,40.180712],[-109.050973,40.180849],[-109.050969,40.222662],[-109.050946,40.444368],[-109.050314,40.495092],[-109.050698,40.499963],[-109.049955,40.539901],[-109.050074,40.540358],[-109.048044,40.619231],[-109.048249,40.653601],[-109.048373,40.662602],[-109.049088,40.714562],[-109.048455,40.826081],[-109.050076,41.000659],[-108.884138,41.000094],[-108.631108,41.000156],[-108.526667,40.999608],[-108.500659,41.000112],[-108.250649,41.000114],[-108.181227,41.000455],[-108.046539,41.002064],[-107.918421,41.002036],[-107.625624,41.002124],[-107.367443,41.003073],[-107.317794,41.002967],[-107.241194,41.002804],[-107.000606,41.003444],[-106.857773,41.002663],[-106.453859,41.002057],[-106.439563,41.001978],[-106.437419,41.001795],[-106.43095,41.001752],[-106.391852,41.001176],[-106.386356,41.001144],[-106.321165,40.999123],[-106.217573,40.997734],[-106.190554,40.997607]]]}}]}","edition":"Originally posted August 29, 2013; Version 1.1: June 27, 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5221b0eae4b001cbb8a34eab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70188508,"text":"70188508 - 2013 - Reconstructing vegetation response to altered hydrology and its use for restoration, Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-23T16:23:12","indexId":"70188508","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3750,"text":"Wetlands","onlineIssn":"1943-6246","printIssn":"0277-5212","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reconstructing vegetation response to altered hydrology and its use for restoration, Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present reconstructed hydrologic and vegetation trends of the last three centuries across the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida in order to understand the effects of 20th century water management. We analyzed pollen assemblages from cores at marsh sites along three transects to document vegetation and infer hydroperiod and water depth both before and after human alteration of Everglades hydrology. In the northern and central part of the Refuge, late Holocene water levels were higher and hydroperiods longer than the last 100&nbsp;years. Post-1950 was a time of several different water management strategies. Pollen assemblages indicate drier conditions post-1950 in the northern and central parts of the Refuge, whereas sites in the southern Refuge are wetter and vegetation turnover is higher. Throughout the Refuge, </span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">Sagittaria</i><span> pollen declines with the onset of water management, and may indicate a loss of greater variation in hydroperiods across years and water depths between seasons. Paleoecological evidence provides clear estimates of the vegetation response to hydrologic change under specific hydrologic regimes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-013-0469-y","usgsCitation":"Bernhardt, C.E., Brandt, L.A., Landacre, B.D., Marot, M.E., and Willard, D.A., 2013, Reconstructing vegetation response to altered hydrology and its use for restoration, Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge, Florida: Wetlands, v. 33, no. 6, p. 1139-1149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0469-y.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"1139","endPage":"1149","ipdsId":"IP-045901","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342503,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.46936035156249,\n              26.347575438494673\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.46936035156249,\n              26.701452590314368\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.16998291015625,\n              26.701452590314368\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.16998291015625,\n              26.347575438494673\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.46936035156249,\n              26.347575438494673\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59424b3ce4b0764e6c65dc65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bernhardt, Christopher E. 0000-0003-0082-4731 cbernhardt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0082-4731","contributorId":2131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhardt","given":"Christopher","email":"cbernhardt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698080,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brandt, Laura A.","contributorId":146646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brandt","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6927,"text":"USFWS, National Wildlife Refuge System","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":698082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landacre, Bryan D. 0000-0002-0523-360X blandacre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0523-360X","contributorId":2722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landacre","given":"Bryan","email":"blandacre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marot, Marci E. 0000-0003-0504-315X mmarot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-315X","contributorId":2078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marot","given":"Marci","email":"mmarot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Willard, Debra A. 0000-0003-4878-0942 dwillard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4878-0942","contributorId":2076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willard","given":"Debra","email":"dwillard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24693,"text":"Climate Research and Development","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":698081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70003966,"text":"70003966 - 2013 - Three new <i>Psammothidium</i> species from lakes of Olympic and Cascade Mountains in Washington State, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-14T14:00:58","indexId":"70003966","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-29T13:51:16","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3081,"text":"Phytotaxa","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Three new <i>Psammothidium</i> species from lakes of Olympic and Cascade Mountains in Washington State, USA","docAbstract":"Populations of several <i>Psammothidium</i> species were found in core sediments from nine remote, high elevation, ultraoligotrophic and oligotrophic, Olympic and Cascade Mountain lakes. Three of these species, <i>P. lacustre, P. alpinum</i>, and <i>P. nivale</i>, are described here as new. The morphology of the silica frustules of these species was documented using light and scanning electron microscopy. We discuss the similarities and differences with previously described <i>Psammothidium</i> species.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Phytotaxa","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Magnolia Press","publisherLocation":"Auckland, New Zealand","doi":"10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.8","usgsCitation":"Enache, M.D., Potapova, M., Sheibley, R., and Moran, P., 2013, Three new <i>Psammothidium</i> species from lakes of Olympic and Cascade Mountains in Washington State, USA: Phytotaxa, v. 127, no. 1, p. 49-57, https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"49","endPage":"57","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-029109","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.8","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":281030,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281028,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.127.1.8"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Cascade Mountains;Mt. Rainier National Park;North Cascades National Park;Olympic National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7348,46.707817 ], [ -124.7348,49.0007 ], [ -120.6329,49.0007 ], [ -120.6329,46.707817 ], [ -124.7348,46.707817 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-29","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd78f5e4b0b2908510c832","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Enache, Mihaela D.","contributorId":12356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enache","given":"Mihaela","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349768,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Potapova, Marina","contributorId":89274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Potapova","given":"Marina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sheibley, Rich","contributorId":64995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sheibley","given":"Rich","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moran, Patrick 0000-0002-2002-3539 pwmoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2002-3539","contributorId":14727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Patrick","email":"pwmoran@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":349769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047892,"text":"70047892 - 2013 - Histopathological analysis of fish from Acorn Fork Creek, Kentucky exposed to hydraulic fracturing fluid releases","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-24T15:27:26","indexId":"70047892","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-29T10:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3444,"text":"Southeastern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histopathological analysis of fish from Acorn Fork Creek, Kentucky exposed to hydraulic fracturing fluid releases","docAbstract":"Fracking fluids were released into Acorn Fork, KY, a designated Outstanding\nState Resource Water, and habitat for the threatened Chrosomus cumberlandensis (Blackside\nDace). As a result, stream pH dropped to 5.6 and stream conductivity increased to\n35,000 μS/cm, and aquatic invertebrates and fish were killed or distressed. The objective\nof this study was to describe post-fracking water quality in Acorn Fork and evaluate if the\nchanges in water quality could have extirpated Blackside Dace populations. Semotilus\natromaculatus (Creek Chub) and Lepomis cyanellus (Green Sunfish) were collected from\nAcorn Fork a month after fracking in lieu of unavailable Blackside Dace. Tissues were histologically\nanalyzed for indicators of stress and percent of fish with lesions. Fish exposed\nto affected Acorn Fork waters showed general signs of stress and had a higher incidence of\ngill lesions than unexposed reference fish. Gill lesions observed were consistent with exposure\nto low pH and toxic concentrations of heavy metals. Gill uptake of aluminum and iron\nwas demonstrated at sites with correspondingly high concentrations of these metals. The\nabrupt and persistent changes in post-fracking water quality resulted in toxic conditions\nthat could have been deleterious to Blackside Dace health and survival.","language":"English","publisher":"Eagle Hill Institute","doi":"10.1656/058.012.s413","usgsCitation":"Papoulias, D.M., and Velasco, A.L., 2013, Histopathological analysis of fish from Acorn Fork Creek, Kentucky exposed to hydraulic fracturing fluid releases: Southeastern Naturalist, v. 12, no. sp4, p. 92-111, https://doi.org/10.1656/058.012.s413.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"92","endPage":"111","ipdsId":"IP-032244","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277151,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"sp4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52205f52e4b0645fc25e8c10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Papoulias, Diana M. 0000-0002-5106-2469 dpapoulias@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5106-2469","contributorId":2726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Papoulias","given":"Diana","email":"dpapoulias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Velasco, Anthony L.","contributorId":56546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Velasco","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047883,"text":"70047883 - 2013 - In vitro prion protein conversion suggests risk of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-17T14:06:35","indexId":"70047883","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-29T09:52:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":959,"text":"BMC Veterinary Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"In vitro prion protein conversion suggests risk of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies","docAbstract":"<p>Background: Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) affect both domestic sheep (scrapie) and captive and free-ranging cervids (chronic wasting disease; CWD). The geographical range of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis; BHS) overlaps with states or provinces that have contained scrapie-positive sheep or goats and areas with present epizootics of CWD in cervids. No TSEs have been documented in BHS, but the susceptibility of this species to TSEs remains unknown. Results: We acquired a library of BHS tissues and found no evidence of preexisting TSEs in these animals. The prion protein gene (Prnp) in all BHS in our library was identical to scrapie-susceptible domestic sheep (A<sup>136</sup>R <sup>154</sup>Q<sup>171</sup>). Using an in vitro prion protein conversion assay, which has been previously used to assess TSE species barriers and, in our study appears to recollect known species barriers in mice, we assessed the potential transmissibility of TSEs to BHS. As expected based upon Prnp genotype, we observed BHS prion protein conversion by classical scrapie agent and evidence for a species barrier between transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) and BHS. Interestingly, our data suggest that the species barrier of BHS to white-tailed deer or wapiti CWD agents is likely low. We also used protein misfolding cyclic amplification to confirm that CWD, but not TME, can template prion protein misfolding in A<sup>136</sup>R <sup>154</sup>Q<sup>171</sup>genotype sheep. Conclusions: Our results indicate the in vitro conversion assay used in our study does mimic the species barrier of mice to the TSE agents that we tested. Based on Prnp genotype and results from conversion assays, BHS are likely to be susceptible to infection by classical scrapie. Despite mismatches in amino acids thought to modulate prion protein conversion, our data indicate that A136R154Q171 genotype sheep prion protein is misfolded by CWD agent, suggesting that these animals could be susceptible to CWD. Further investigation of TSE transmissibility to BHS, including animal studies, is warranted. The lack of reported TSEs in BHS may be attributable to other host factors or a lack of TSE surveillance in this species.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"BMC Veterinary Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1746-6148-9-157","usgsCitation":"Johnson, C.J., Morawski, A., Carlson, C., and Chang, H., 2013, In vitro prion protein conversion suggests risk of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: BMC Veterinary Research, v. 9, 157: 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-157.","productDescription":"157: 12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-045560","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473587,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-157","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277146,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277145,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-9-157"}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-89.4895538624154,48.01331257371195],[-90.86827,47.5569],[-92.086089,46.794339],[-92.025789,46.710839],[-92.291647,46.604649],[-92.294069,46.078346],[-92.875488,45.689014],[-92.648157,45.407423],[-92.737259,44.717155],[-91.284138,43.847065],[-91.072447,42.787732],[-90.206369,42.1455],[-90.341528,41.590633],[-91.050328,41.400049],[-90.960462,40.936356],[-91.471967,40.382884],[-91.813968,40.610526],[-95.687442,40.58438],[-95.420643,40.062599],[-94.881013,39.828922],[-95.082714,39.516712],[-94.623934,39.156603],[-94.485577,33.65331],[-94.043188,33.470324],[-94.0427,32.056012],[-93.535097,31.185614],[-93.565428,30.87431],[-93.87002,29.735482],[-94.778691,29.361483],[-94.511045,29.51965],[-94.718276,29.533547],[-94.735271,29.785433],[-94.965963,29.70033],[-94.886536,29.366386],[-95.151925,29.151162],[-94.784895,29.335535],[-95.026219,29.148064],[-96.303212,28.441871],[-96.007534,28.599703],[-96.202446,28.700976],[-96.473694,28.57324],[-96.634419,28.713743],[-96.419749,28.467387],[-97.153601,28.13318],[-97.061992,27.996138],[-97.183455,27.833231],[-97.379042,27.837867],[-97.369881,27.41242],[-97.609068,27.285193],[-97.42408,27.264073],[-97.558432,26.864325],[-97.145567,25.971132],[-97.422636,25.840378],[-99.021935,26.407902],[-99.452316,27.062669],[-99.530138,27.580207],[-100.289384,28.273491],[-100.785521,29.228137],[-101.455224,29.771874],[-102.281249,29.863117],[-102.688164,29.722487],[-103.117238,29.000209],[-103.434668,29.055317],[-104.483502,29.627741],[-104.924796,30.604832],[-106.41794,31.752009],[-108.208394,31.783599],[-108.208573,31.333395],[-111.000643,31.332177],[-114.813613,32.494277],[-114.744491,32.678671],[-117.133363,32.575625],[-117.445583,33.268517],[-118.116703,33.743549],[-118.354705,33.732317],[-118.519514,34.027509],[-119.098216,34.099334],[-119.536957,34.395495],[-120.622575,34.554017],[-120.635787,35.123805],[-121.888491,36.30281],[-121.810552,36.850648],[-122.411686,37.265844],[-122.50531,37.788312],[-122.168449,37.504143],[-122.14636,37.607391],[-122.401289,37.928426],[-122.301804,38.105142],[-122.489974,38.112014],[-122.548986,37.836227],[-122.939711,38.031908],[-123.122379,38.437314],[-123.688099,38.893594],[-123.851714,39.832041],[-124.402623,40.422105],[-124.063076,41.439579],[-124.410982,42.250547],[-124.500141,42.917502],[-124.150267,43.91085],[-123.974124,46.168798],[-123.548194,46.248245],[-124.080671,46.267239],[-124.06842,46.601397],[-123.921192,46.507731],[-123.895601,46.683672],[-124.122979,46.879809],[-123.915256,46.932964],[-124.124386,46.94387],[-124.645442,47.935338],[-124.713817,48.366309],[-123.981032,48.164761],[-122.784076,48.142974],[-122.65399,47.91589],[-123.15598,47.355745],[-122.617022,47.938987],[-122.471402,47.765965],[-122.589454,47.227618],[-122.634823,47.370583],[-122.711997,47.127681],[-122.796646,47.341654],[-122.856171,47.233788],[-122.650634,47.132738],[-122.364168,47.335953],[-122.429841,47.658919],[-122.23022,48.007154],[-122.665338,48.416453],[-122.425271,48.599522],[-122.528203,48.768428],[-125.62461,50.41656],[-127.43561,50.83061],[-127.99276,51.71583],[-127.85032,52.32961],[-129.12979,52.75538],[-129.30523,53.56159],[-130.51497,54.28757],[-130.53611,54.80278],[-129.98,55.285],[-130.00778,55.91583],[-131.70781,56.55212],[-133.35556,58.41028],[-134.945,59.27056],[-135.47583,59.78778],[-136.47972,59.46389],[-137.4525,58.905],[-139.039,60],[-140.013,60.27682],[-140.99778,60.30639],[-140.986,69.712],[-136.50358,68.89804],[-135.62576,69.31512],[-134.41464,69.62743],[-132.92925,69.50534],[-131.43136,69.94451],[-129.79471,70.19369],[-129.10773,69.77927],[-128.36156,70.01286],[-128.13817,70.48384],[-127.44712,70.37721],[-125.75632,69.48058],[-124.42483,70.1584],[-124.28968,69.39969],[-123.06108,69.56372],[-122.6835,69.85553],[-121.47226,69.79778],[-119.94288,69.37786],[-117.60268,69.01128],[-116.22643,68.84151],[-115.2469,68.90591],[-113.89794,68.3989],[-115.30489,67.90261],[-113.49727,67.68815],[-110.798,67.80612],[-109.94619,67.98104],[-108.8802,67.38144],[-107.79239,67.88736],[-108.81299,68.31164],[-108.16721,68.65392],[-106.15,68.8],[-105.34282,68.56122],[-104.33791,68.018],[-103.22115,68.09775],[-101.45433,67.64689],[-98.4432,67.78165],[-98.5586,68.40394],[-97.66948,68.57864],[-96.11991,68.23939],[-96.12588,67.29338],[-95.48943,68.0907],[-94.685,68.06383],[-94.23282,69.06903],[-95.30408,69.68571],[-96.47131,70.08976],[-96.39115,71.19482],[-95.2088,71.92053],[-93.88997,71.76015],[-92.87818,71.31869],[-91.51964,70.19129],[-92.40692,69.69997],[-90.5471,69.49766],[-90.55151,68.47499],[-89.21515,69.25873],[-88.01966,68.61508],[-88.31749,67.87338],[-87.35017,67.19872],[-86.30607,67.92146],[-85.57664,68.78456],[-85.52197,69.88211],[-82.62258,69.65826],[-81.28043,69.16202],[-81.2202,68.66567],[-81.96436,68.13253],[-81.25928,67.59716],[-81.38653,67.11078],[-83.34456,66.41154],[-84.73542,66.2573],[-85.76943,66.55833],[-86.0676,66.05625],[-87.32324,64.77563],[-88.48296,64.09897],[-89.91444,64.03273],[-90.70398,63.61017],[-90.77004,62.96021],[-91.93342,62.83508],[-93.15698,62.02469],[-94.24153,60.89865],[-94.62931,60.11021],[-94.6846,58.94882],[-93.21502,58.78212],[-92.29703,57.08709],[-90.89769,57.28468],[-89.03953,56.85172],[-88.03978,56.47162],[-87.32421,55.99914],[-85.01181,55.3026],[-82.27285,55.14832],[-82.4362,54.28227],[-82.12502,53.27703],[-81.40075,52.15788],[-79.91289,51.20842],[-79.14301,51.53393],[-78.60191,52.56208],[-79.12421,54.14145],[-79.82958,54.66772],[-78.22874,55.13645],[-77.0956,55.83741],[-76.54137,56.53423],[-76.62319,57.20263],[-77.30226,58.05209],[-78.51688,58.80458],[-77.33676,59.85261],[-77.77272,60.75788],[-78.10687,62.31964],[-77.41067,62.55053],[-74.6682,62.18111],[-73.83988,62.4438],[-71.67708,61.52535],[-71.37369,61.13717],[-69.59042,61.06141],[-69.62033,60.22125],[-69.2879,58.95736],[-68.37455,58.80106],[-67.64976,58.21206],[-66.20178,58.76731],[-65.24517,59.87071],[-64.58352,60.33558],[-61.39655,56.96745],[-61.79866,56.33945],[-60.46853,55.77548],[-59.56962,55.20407],[-57.97508,54.94549],[-57.3332,54.6265],[-56.93689,53.78032],[-56.15811,53.64749],[-55.75632,53.27036],[-55.68338,52.14664],[-57.12691,51.41972],[-58.77482,51.0643],[-60.03309,50.24277],[-61.72366,50.08046],[-63.86251,50.29099],[-66.39905,50.22897],[-67.23631,49.51156],[-68.51114,49.06836],[-71.10458,46.82171],[-70.25522,46.98606],[-68.65,48.3],[-66.55243,49.1331],[-65.05626,49.23278],[-64.17099,48.74248],[-65.11545,48.07085],[-64.47219,46.23849],[-63.17329,45.73902],[-61.52072,45.88377],[-60.51815,47.00793],[-60.4486,46.28264],[-59.80287,45.9204],[-61.03988,45.26525],[-64.24656,44.26553],[-65.36406,43.54523],[-66.1234,43.61867],[-66.16173,44.46512],[-64.42549,45.29204],[-67.13741,45.13753],[-67.79134,45.70281],[-67.79046,47.06636],[-68.23444,47.35486],[-68.905,47.185],[-69.23722,47.44778],[-69.99997,46.69307],[-70.66,45.46],[-71.405,45.255],[-71.50506,45.0082],[-74.867,45.00048],[-76.5,44.01846],[-76.82003,43.62878],[-78.72028,43.62509],[-79.17167,43.46634],[-78.93936,42.86361],[-82.69009,41.67511],[-83.02981,41.8328],[-83.12,42.08],[-82.13764,43.57109],[-82.55092,45.34752],[-83.59285,45.81689],[-83.46955,45.99469],[-83.89077,46.11693],[-84.14212,46.51223],[-84.6049,46.4396],[-84.54375,46.53868],[-84.77924,46.6371],[-84.87608,46.90008],[-88.37811,48.30292],[-89.4895538624154,48.01331257371195]],[[-117.032351,48.999188],[-116.63310151923226,49],[-117.29489274482849,49],[-117.032351,48.999188]],[[-104.0456696509841,48.99986010671604],[-95.153711,48.998903],[-95.153333,49.305655],[-95.15907,49],[-104.0456696509841,48.99986010671604]],[[-95.15316700202699,49.38429144749127],[-94.82516,49.294283],[-94.690889,48.778066],[-94.500203,48.698175],[-94.81758,49.38905],[-95.15316700202699,49.38429144749127]],[[-91.70512976329901,48.160814666621334],[-91.379463,48.065295],[-90.875107,48.237784],[-90.703702,48.096009],[-89.67979,48.010278],[-90.83,48.27],[-91.70512976329901,48.160814666621334]]],[[[-119.789798,34.05726],[-119.57341,34.05011],[-119.884896,34.008814],[-119.789798,34.05726]]],[[[-118.524531,32.895488],[-118.586928,33.008281],[-118.369984,32.839273],[-118.524531,32.895488]]],[[[-97.240849,26.411504],[-97.387459,26.820789],[-97.346607,27.390365],[-96.978282,28.001709],[-96.450998,28.337039],[-96.929053,27.99044],[-97.276091,27.472145],[-97.378362,26.992877],[-97.161471,26.088705],[-97.240849,26.411504]]],[[[-122.519535,48.288314],[-122.626757,48.288991],[-122.431035,47.914732],[-122.732022,48.279425],[-122.519535,48.288314]]],[[[-122.800217,48.60169],[-122.874135,48.418196],[-123.20268,48.590214],[-122.894599,48.71503],[-122.800217,48.60169]]],[[[-63.6645,46.55001],[-62.01208,46.44314],[-62.50391,46.03339],[-62.87433,45.96818],[-64.1428,46.39265],[-64.39261,46.72747],[-64.01486,47.03601],[-63.6645,46.55001]]],[[[-61.8063,49.10506],[-63.58926,49.40069],[-64.51912,49.87304],[-64.17322,49.95718],[-62.85829,49.70641],[-61.83559,49.28855],[-61.8063,49.10506]]],[[[-123.51,48.51001],[-124.01289,48.37085],[-125.65501,48.825],[-125.95499,49.18],[-126.85,49.53],[-127.02999,49.815],[-128.05934,49.99496],[-128.44458,50.53914],[-128.35841,50.77065],[-125.75501,50.29502],[-124.92077,49.47527],[-123.92251,49.06248],[-123.51,48.51001]]],[[[-56.13404,50.68701],[-56.79588,49.81231],[-56.14311,50.15012],[-55.47149,49.93582],[-55.8224,49.58713],[-54.93514,49.31301],[-54.47378,49.55669],[-53.47655,49.24914],[-53.78601,48.51678],[-53.08613,48.6878],[-52.6481,47.53555],[-53.06916,46.6555],[-54.17894,46.80707],[-53.96187,47.62521],[-54.24048,47.75228],[-55.40077,46.88499],[-55.99748,46.91972],[-55.29122,47.38956],[-56.2508,47.63255],[-59.26602,47.60335],[-59.41949,47.89945],[-58.79659,48.25153],[-59.23162,48.52319],[-58.3918,49.12558],[-57.35869,50.71827],[-56.73865,51.28744],[-55.87098,51.63209],[-55.40697,51.58827],[-56.13404,50.68701]]],[[[-133.18,54.16998],[-132.71001,54.04001],[-131.74999,54.12],[-132.04948,52.98462],[-131.17904,52.18043],[-131.57783,52.18237],[-133.05461,53.41147],[-133.23966,53.85108],[-133.18,54.16998]]],[[[-79.26582,62.15868],[-79.65752,61.63308],[-80.09956,61.7181],[-80.36215,62.01649],[-79.92939,62.3856],[-79.52002,62.36371],[-79.26582,62.15868]]],[[[-81.89825,62.7108],[-83.06857,62.15922],[-83.77462,62.18231],[-83.99367,62.4528],[-83.25048,62.91409],[-81.87699,62.90458],[-81.89825,62.7108]]],[[[-85.16131,65.65728],[-84.97576,65.21752],[-84.46401,65.37177],[-81.64201,64.45514],[-81.55344,63.97961],[-80.81736,64.05749],[-80.10345,63.72598],[-80.99102,63.41125],[-82.54718,63.65172],[-83.1088,64.10188],[-85.5234,63.05238],[-85.86677,63.63725],[-87.22198,63.54124],[-86.35276,64.03583],[-85.88385,65.73878],[-85.16131,65.65728]]],[[[-75.86588,67.14886],[-76.98687,67.09873],[-77.2364,67.58809],[-76.81166,68.14856],[-75.89521,68.28721],[-75.1145,68.01036],[-75.21597,67.44425],[-75.86588,67.14886]]],[[[-95.64768,69.10769],[-96.26952,68.75704],[-97.6174,69.06003],[-98.4318,68.9507],[-99.7974,69.40003],[-98.21826,70.14354],[-96.5574,69.68003],[-95.64768,69.10769]]],[[[-114.16717,73.12145],[-114.66634,72.65277],[-112.44102,72.9554],[-111.05039,72.4504],[-109.92035,72.96113],[-109.00654,72.63335],[-108.18835,71.65089],[-107.68599,72.06548],[-108.39639,73.08953],[-107.51645,73.23598],[-106.52259,73.07601],[-105.40246,72.67259],[-104.46476,70.99297],[-100.98078,70.02432],[-101.08929,69.58447],[-102.73116,69.50402],[-102.09329,69.11962],[-102.43024,68.75282],[-105.96,69.18],[-109,68.78],[-113.3132,68.53554],[-113.85496,69.00744],[-115.22,69.28],[-116.10794,69.16821],[-117.34,69.96],[-112.4161,70.36638],[-114.35,70.6],[-117.9048,70.54056],[-118.43238,70.9092],[-116.11311,71.30918],[-117.65568,71.2952],[-119.40199,71.55859],[-117.86642,72.70594],[-115.18909,73.31459],[-114.16717,73.12145]]],[[[-104.5,73.42],[-105.38,72.76],[-106.94,73.46],[-106.6,73.6],[-105.26,73.64],[-104.5,73.42]]],[[[-76.34,73.10268],[-76.2514,72.82639],[-78.39167,72.87666],[-79.48625,72.7422],[-80.8761,73.33318],[-80.83389,73.69318],[-80.35306,73.75972],[-78.06444,73.65193],[-76.34,73.10268]]],[[[-86.56218,73.15745],[-85.77437,72.53413],[-84.85011,73.34028],[-82.31559,73.75095],[-80.60009,72.71654],[-80.74894,72.06191],[-78.77064,72.35217],[-77.82462,72.74962],[-74.22862,71.76714],[-74.09914,71.33084],[-72.24223,71.55692],[-71.20002,70.92001],[-68.78605,70.52502],[-67.91497,70.12195],[-66.96903,69.18609],[-68.80512,68.7202],[-66.44987,68.06716],[-64.86231,67.84754],[-63.42493,66.92847],[-61.85198,66.86212],[-62.16318,66.16025],[-63.91844,64.99867],[-65.14886,65.42603],[-66.72122,66.38804],[-68.01502,66.26273],[-68.14129,65.68979],[-65.32017,64.38274],[-64.66941,63.39293],[-65.0138,62.67419],[-68.78319,63.74567],[-66.3283,62.28007],[-66.16557,61.9309],[-68.87737,62.33015],[-71.02344,62.91071],[-72.23538,63.39784],[-71.88628,63.67999],[-74.83442,64.67908],[-74.8185,64.38909],[-77.70998,64.22954],[-78.55595,64.57291],[-77.89728,65.30919],[-73.9598,65.45476],[-74.29388,65.81177],[-73.94491,66.31058],[-72.65117,67.28458],[-72.92606,67.72693],[-73.31162,68.06944],[-74.84331,68.55463],[-76.8691,68.89474],[-76.22865,69.14777],[-77.28737,69.76954],[-78.16863,69.82649],[-78.95724,70.16688],[-79.49246,69.87181],[-81.30547,69.74319],[-84.94471,69.96663],[-88.68171,70.41074],[-89.51342,70.76204],[-88.46772,71.21819],[-89.88815,71.22255],[-90.20516,72.23507],[-89.43658,73.12946],[-88.40824,73.53789],[-85.82615,73.80382],[-86.56218,73.15745]]],[[[-100.35642,73.84389],[-99.16387,73.63339],[-97.38,73.76],[-97.12,73.47],[-98.05359,72.99052],[-96.54,72.56],[-96.72,71.66],[-98.35966,71.27285],[-99.32286,71.35639],[-100.01482,71.73827],[-102.5,72.51],[-102.48,72.83],[-100.43836,72.70588],[-101.54,73.36],[-100.35642,73.84389]]],[[[-93.1963,72.77199],[-94.26905,72.0246],[-95.40986,72.06188],[-96.03375,72.94028],[-96.01827,73.43743],[-95.49579,73.86242],[-94.50366,74.13491],[-92.42001,74.10003],[-90.50979,73.85673],[-92.00397,72.96624],[-93.1963,72.77199]]],[[[-120.46,71.3836],[-123.09219,70.90164],[-123.62,71.34],[-125.92895,71.86869],[-123.94,73.68],[-124.91775,74.29275],[-121.53788,74.44893],[-120.10978,74.24135],[-117.55564,74.18577],[-115.51081,73.47519],[-119.22,72.52],[-120.46,71.82],[-120.46,71.3836]]],[[[-93.61276,74.98],[-94.15691,74.59235],[-95.60868,74.66686],[-96.82093,74.92762],[-96.28859,75.37783],[-94.85082,75.64722],[-93.97775,75.29649],[-93.61276,74.98]]],[[[-98.5,76.72],[-97.73558,76.25656],[-97.70441,75.74344],[-98.16,75],[-99.80874,74.89744],[-100.88366,75.05736],[-100.86292,75.64075],[-102.50209,75.5638],[-102.56552,76.3366],[-101.48973,76.30537],[-99.98349,76.64634],[-98.57699,76.58859],[-98.5,76.72]]],[[[-108.21141,76.20168],[-107.81943,75.84552],[-106.92893,76.01282],[-105.881,75.9694],[-105.70498,75.47951],[-106.31347,75.00527],[-109.7,74.85],[-112.22307,74.41696],[-113.74381,74.39427],[-113.87135,74.72029],[-111.79421,75.1625],[-116.31221,75.04343],[-117.7104,75.2222],[-116.34602,76.19903],[-115.40487,76.47887],[-112.59056,76.14134],[-110.81422,75.54919],[-109.0671,75.47321],[-110.49726,76.42982],[-109.5811,76.79417],[-108.54859,76.67832],[-108.21141,76.20168]]],[[[-94.68409,77.09788],[-93.57392,76.7763],[-91.60502,76.77852],[-90.74185,76.4496],[-90.96966,76.07401],[-89.18708,75.61017],[-86.37919,75.48242],[-84.78963,75.6992],[-81.12853,75.71398],[-80.05751,75.33685],[-79.83393,74.92313],[-80.45777,74.6573],[-81.94884,74.44246],[-83.22889,74.56403],[-88.15035,74.39231],[-89.76472,74.51556],[-92.42244,74.83776],[-92.88991,75.88266],[-93.89382,76.31924],[-95.96246,76.44138],[-97.12138,76.75108],[-96.74512,77.16139],[-94.68409,77.09788]]],[[[-116.19859,77.64529],[-116.33581,76.87696],[-117.10605,76.53003],[-121.5,75.90002],[-122.85492,76.11654],[-121.15754,76.86451],[-119.10394,77.51222],[-116.19859,77.64529]]],[[[-93.84,77.52],[-96.16965,77.55511],[-96.4363,77.83463],[-94.42258,77.82],[-93.72066,77.63433],[-93.84,77.52]]],[[[-110.18694,77.69701],[-112.05119,77.40923],[-113.53428,77.73221],[-112.72459,78.05105],[-111.26444,78.15296],[-109.85445,77.99632],[-110.18694,77.69701]]],[[[-109.66315,78.60197],[-110.88131,78.40692],[-112.54209,78.4079],[-112.52589,78.55055],[-111.50001,78.84999],[-109.66315,78.60197]]],[[[-95.83029,78.05694],[-97.30984,77.8506],[-98.12429,78.08286],[-98.55287,78.45811],[-98.63198,78.87193],[-96.7544,78.76581],[-95.55928,78.41831],[-95.83029,78.05694]]],[[[-100.06019,78.32475],[-99.67094,77.90754],[-101.30394,78.01898],[-102.94981,78.34323],[-105.17613,78.38033],[-104.21043,78.67742],[-105.41958,78.91834],[-105.49229,79.30159],[-100.82516,78.80046],[-100.06019,78.32475]]],[[[-87.02,79.66],[-85.81435,79.3369],[-87.18756,79.0393],[-89.03535,78.28723],[-90.80436,78.21533],[-92.87669,78.34333],[-93.95116,78.75099],[-93.93574,79.11373],[-93.14524,79.3801],[-94.974,79.37248],[-96.07614,79.70502],[-96.70972,80.15777],[-95.32345,80.90729],[-94.29843,80.97727],[-94.73542,81.20646],[-92.40984,81.25739],[-91.13289,80.72345],[-87.81,80.32],[-87.02,79.66]]],[[[-68.5,83.10632],[-63.68,82.9],[-61.85,82.6286],[-61.89388,82.36165],[-67.65755,81.50141],[-65.48031,81.50657],[-69.4697,80.61683],[-71.18,79.8],[-73.2428,79.63415],[-73.88,79.43016],[-76.90773,79.32309],[-75.52924,79.19766],[-76.22046,79.01907],[-75.39345,78.52581],[-76.34354,78.18296],[-77.88851,77.89991],[-78.36269,77.50859],[-79.75951,77.20968],[-79.61965,76.98336],[-77.91089,77.02205],[-77.88911,76.77796],[-80.56125,76.17812],[-83.17439,76.45403],[-86.11184,76.29901],[-89.49068,76.47239],[-89.6161,76.95213],[-87.76739,77.17833],[-88.26,77.9],[-87.65,77.97022],[-84.97634,77.53873],[-86.34,78.18],[-87.96192,78.37181],[-87.15198,78.75867],[-85.37868,78.9969],[-85.09495,79.34543],[-86.50734,79.73624],[-86.93179,80.25145],[-83.4087,80.1],[-81.84823,80.46442],[-87.59895,80.51627],[-89.36663,80.85569],[-90.2,81.26],[-91.36786,81.5531],[-91.58702,81.89429],[-86.97024,82.27961],[-85.5,82.65227],[-84.26,82.6],[-83.18,82.32],[-82.42,82.86],[-79.30664,83.13056],[-75.71878,83.06404],[-72.83153,83.23324],[-68.5,83.10632]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52205f5be4b0645fc25e8c14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, Christopher J. cjjohnson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Christopher","email":"cjjohnson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morawski, A.R.","contributorId":55318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morawski","given":"A.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, C.M.","contributorId":68208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chang, H.","contributorId":94958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047886,"text":"fs20133074 - 2013 - A sand budget for Marble Canyon, Arizona: implications for long-term monitoring of sand storage change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:12:30","indexId":"fs20133074","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-28T16:15:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3074","title":"A sand budget for Marble Canyon, Arizona: implications for long-term monitoring of sand storage change","docAbstract":"Recent U.S. Geological Survey research is providing important insights into how best to monitor changes in the amount of tributary-derived sand stored on the bed of the Colorado River and in eddies in Marble Canyon, Arizona. Before the construction of Glen Canyon Dam and other dams upstream, sandbars in Glen, Marble, and Grand Canyons were replenished each year by sediment-rich floods. Sand input into the Colorado River is crucial to protecting endangered native fish, animals, and plants and cultural and recreational resources along the river in Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and Grand Canyon National Park.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133074","usgsCitation":"Grams, P.E., 2013, A sand budget for Marble Canyon, Arizona: implications for long-term monitoring of sand storage change: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3074, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133074.","productDescription":"4 p.","numberOfPages":"4","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277137,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133074.jpg"},{"id":277136,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3074/pdf/fs2013-3074.pdf"},{"id":277135,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3074/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Marble Canyon","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.6414046,36.8089169 ], [ -111.6414046,36.8190932 ], [ -111.6313714,36.8190932 ], [ -111.6313714,36.8089169 ], [ -111.6414046,36.8089169 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f0dcfe4b0f8bf2b0760b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grams, Paul E. 0000-0002-0873-0708 pgrams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-0708","contributorId":1830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grams","given":"Paul","email":"pgrams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047859,"text":"sir20135158 - 2013 - Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) movement in relation to water temperature, season, and habitat features in Arrowrock Reservoir, Idaho, 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-28T09:35:32","indexId":"sir20135158","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-28T08:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5158","title":"Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) movement in relation to water temperature, season, and habitat features in Arrowrock Reservoir, Idaho, 2012","docAbstract":"Acoustic telemetry was used to determine spring to summer (April–August) movement and habitat use of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in Arrowrock Reservoir (hereafter “Arrowrock”), a highly regulated reservoir in the Boise River Basin of southwestern Idaho. Water management practices annually use about 86 percent of the reservoir water volume to satisfy downstream water demands. These practices might be limiting bull trout habitat and movement patterns. Bull trout are among the more thermally sensitive coldwater species in North America, and the species is listed as threatened throughout the contiguous United States under the Endangered Species Act. Biweekly water-temperature and dissolved-oxygen profiles were collected by the Bureau of Reclamation at three locations in Arrowrock to characterize habitat conditions for bull trout. Continuous streamflow and water temperature also were measured immediately upstream of the reservoir on the Middle and South Fork Boise Rivers, which influence habitat conditions in the riverine zones of the reservoir. In spring 2012, 18 bull trout ranging in total length from 306 to 630 millimeters were fitted with acoustic transmitters equipped with temperature and depth sensors. Mobile boat tracking and fixed receivers were used to detect released fish. Fish were tagged from March 28 to April 20 and were tracked through most of August. Most bull trout movements were detected in the Middle Fork Boise River arm of the reservoir. Fifteen individual fish were detected at least once after release. Water surface temperature at each fish detection location ranged from 6.0 to 16.2 degrees Celsius (°C) (mean=10.1°C), whereas bull trout body temperatures were colder, ranging from 4.4 to 11.6°C (mean=7.3°C). Bull trout were detected over deep-water habitat, ranging from 8.0 to 42.6 meters (m) (mean=18.1 m). Actual fish depths were shallower than total water depth, ranging from 0.0 to 24.5 m (mean=6.7 m). The last bull trout was detected in early June, suggesting that fish used little, if any, summertime habitat within the reservoir. Water-quality profile measurements indicated that temperature could limit bull trout use of the reservoir during warm, summer months that coincide with decreased water volume. Thermal refuge during this study appeared to be limited based on scarcity of water that was 15°C and cooler. From the first week of August through the latter part of September, little if any suitable habitat remained for bull trout, with most temperatures exceeding 15°C at all locations where water quality profiles were measured.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Maret, T.R., and Schultz, J.E., 2013, Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) movement in relation to water temperature, season, and habitat features in Arrowrock Reservoir, Idaho, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5158, iv, 28 p.; Appendix A, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135158.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.; Appendix A","numberOfPages":"36","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277079,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135158.jpg"},{"id":277076,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5158/sir20135158_appendixA.xlsx"},{"id":277074,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5158/"},{"id":277075,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5158/pdf/sir20135158.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Arrowrock Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -115.666667,43.333333 ], [ -115.666667,43.666667 ], [ -116.166667,43.666667 ], [ -116.166667,43.333333 ], [ -115.666667,43.333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f0dd8e4b0f8bf2b0760b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maret, Terry R. trmaret@usgs.gov","contributorId":953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maret","given":"Terry","email":"trmaret@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schultz, Justin E.","contributorId":86253,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Justin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70047851,"text":"70047851 - 2013 - Great gray owls (<i>Strix nebulosa</i>) in Yosemite National Park: on the importance of food, forest structure, and human disturbance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:47:08","indexId":"70047851","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-27T16:11:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2821,"text":"Natural Areas Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Great gray owls (<i>Strix nebulosa</i>) in Yosemite National Park: on the importance of food, forest structure, and human disturbance","docAbstract":"We studied great gray owls (Strix nebulosa Forster) in Yosemite National Park, California, measuring variables that could potentially influence patterns of occurrence and conservation of this stateendangered species. We found that owl presence was closely tied to habitat (red fir (Abies magnified A. Murray) and the abundance of meadows), prey, and snags across the landscape. We also found that indicators of human recreational activities negatively influenced owl distribution and habitat use. Great gray owls appear to prefer mid-elevation red fir forest with meadows that are drier and more productive in terms of small mammal populations. That these areas also have the highest human activity presents a paradox, both for individual owls and for the future conservation and management of this California endangered species. The extent to which human recreation in natural areas affects animal behavior, species distribution, and productivity is a growing issue in natural area management. We present information that will allow land managers to better understand how existing natural resources, coupled with human recreation, influence the distribution and habitat use of the great gray owl.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Natural Areas Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Natural Areas Association","doi":"10.3375/043.033.0307","usgsCitation":"van Riper, C., Fontaine, J.J., and van Wagtendonk, J., 2013, Great gray owls (<i>Strix nebulosa</i>) in Yosemite National Park: on the importance of food, forest structure, and human disturbance: Natural Areas Journal, v. 33, no. 3, p. 286-295, https://doi.org/10.3375/043.033.0307.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"286","endPage":"295","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-018467","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277062,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277061,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.033.0307"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Yosemite National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.886496,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,38.185228 ], [ -119.195416,37.494762 ], [ -119.886496,37.494762 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"33","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a64035e4b0a6d695882407","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fontaine, Joseph J. 0000-0002-7639-9156 jfontaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-9156","contributorId":3820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fontaine","given":"Joseph","email":"jfontaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Wagtendonk, Jan W. 0000-0002-0788-2654","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0788-2654","contributorId":98269,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Wagtendonk","given":"Jan W.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047849,"text":"sir20135100 - 2013 - Water levels and water quality in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer (middle Claiborne aquifer) in Arkansas, spring-summer 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-27T16:01:05","indexId":"sir20135100","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-27T15:42:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5100","title":"Water levels and water quality in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer (middle Claiborne aquifer) in Arkansas, spring-summer 2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey has monitored water levels in the Sparta Sand of Claiborne Group and Memphis Sand of Claiborne Group (herein referred to as the Sparta Sand and the Memphis Sand, respectively) since the 1920s. Groundwater withdrawals have increased while water levels have declined since monitoring was initiated. Herein, aquifers in the Sparta Sand and Memphis Sand will be referred to as the Sparta-Memphis aquifer throughout Arkansas. During the spring of 2009, 324 water levels were measured in wells completed in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer and used to produce a regional potentiometric-surface map. During the summer of 2009, 64 water-quality samples were collected and measured for specific conductance, temperature, and pH from wells completed in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer.\n\nThe regional direction of groundwater flow in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer is generally to the south-southeast in the northern half of Arkansas and to the east and south in the southern half of Arkansas, away from the outcrop area except where affected by large groundwater withdrawals. The highest and lowest water-level altitudes measured in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer were 325 feet above and 157 feet below National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929, respectively.\n\nEight depressions (generally represented by closed contours) are located in the following counties: Bradley; Ashley; Calhoun; Cleveland; Columbia; Arkansas, Jefferson, Lincoln, and Prairie; Cross and Poinsett; and Union. Two large depressions shown on the 2009 potentiometric-surface map, centered in Jefferson and Union Counties, are the result of large withdrawals for industrial, irrigation, or public supply. The depression centered in Jefferson County deepened and expanded in recent years into Arkansas and Prairie Counties. The area enclosed within the 40-foot contour on the 2009 potentiometric-surface map has expanded south to the Drew County line and moved west from the intersection of Arkansas, Jefferson, and Lincoln Counties when compared with the 2007 potentiometric-surface map. To the north, east, and west, the 40-foot contour is comparable to the 2007 potentiometric-surface map. The lowest water-level altitude measurement during 2009 in the center of the depression in Union County represents a rise of 42 feet since 2003. The area enclosed by the lowest altitude contour, 140 feet below National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929, on the 2009 potentiometric-surface map is about half the area on the 2007 potentiometric-surface map. In the depression in western Poinsett and Cross Counties, the 140-foot contour extended north to the Poinsett-Craighead County line and south across Cross County about two-thirds of the distance to the St. Francis County line.\n\nA water-level difference map was constructed using water-level measurements made during 2005 and 2009 from 309 wells. The difference in water level between 2005 and 2009 ranged from -74.6 to 60.2 feet. Areas with a general rise in water levels occur in central Columbia County, southern Jefferson County, and most of Union County. In the area around west-central Union County, water levels rose as much as 60.2 feet with water levels in 18 wells rising 20 feet or more, representing an average annual rise of 5 feet or more. Water levels generally declined throughout most of the rest of Arkansas.\n\nHydrographs were constructed using a minimum of 25 years of water-level measurements at each of 206 wells. During the period 1985–2009, mean annual water levels rose in Calhoun, Columbia, Lafayette, and Union Counties, about 1.3 feet per year (ft/yr), 0.2 ft/yr, 0.1 ft/yr, and 0.6 ft/yr, respectively. Mean annual water-level declines between 0.0 and 2.3 ft/yr occurred in all other counties. In western Arkansas County, water-level altitudes in a continuously monitored well declined 60 feet during the irrigation season (April to September).\n\nSpecific conductance ranged from 43 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (μS/cm) in Ouachita County to 1,230 μS/cm in Phillips County. The mean specific conductance was 392 μS/cm. Although there is a regional increase in specific conductance to the east and south, specific conductance values greater than 700 μS/cm occurred in samples from wells in Arkansas, Ashley, Monroe, Phillips, and Union Counties.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135100","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T., 2013, Water levels and water quality in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer (middle Claiborne aquifer) in Arkansas, spring-summer 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5100, Report: iv, 53 p.; 2 plates: 24 x 27 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135100.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 53 p.; 2 plates: 24 x 27 inches","temporalStart":"2009-03-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277060,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135100.PNG"},{"id":277056,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5100/"},{"id":277055,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5100/pdf/sir2013-5100.pdf"},{"id":277057,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5100/pdf/sir2013-5100_pl1.pdf"},{"id":277058,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5100/pdf/sir2013-5100_pl2.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Sparta-memphis Aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.1125,33.0041 ], [ -94.1125,36.4997 ], [ -89.6448,36.4997 ], [ -89.6448,33.0041 ], [ -94.1125,33.0041 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a6408fe4b0a6d6958827a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, T.P.","contributorId":56300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483141,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047848,"text":"sir20135148 - 2013 - Analysis and inundation mapping of the April-May 2011 flood at selected locations in northern and eastern Arkansas and southern Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-27T15:32:05","indexId":"sir20135148","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-27T15:21:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5148","title":"Analysis and inundation mapping of the April-May 2011 flood at selected locations in northern and eastern Arkansas and southern Missouri","docAbstract":"Precipitation that fell from April 19 through May 3, 2011, resulted in widespread flooding across northern and eastern Arkansas and southern Missouri. The first storm produced a total of approximately 16 inches of precipitation over an 8-day period, and the following storms produced as much as 12 inches of precipitation over a 2-day period. Moderate to major flooding occurred quickly along many streams within Arkansas and Missouri (including the Black, Cache, Illinois, St. Francis, and White Rivers) at levels that had not been seen since the historic 1927 floods. The 2011 flood claimed an estimated 21 lives in Arkansas and Missouri, and damage caused by the flooding resulted in a Federal Disaster Declaration for 59 Arkansas counties that received Federal or State assistance. To further the goal of documenting and understanding floods, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers–Little Rock and Memphis Districts, and Arkansas Natural Resources Commission, conducted a study to summarize meteorological and hydrological conditions before the flood; computed flood-peak magnitudes for 39 streamgages; estimated annual exceedance probabilities for 37 of those streamgages; determined the joint probabilities for 11 streamgages paired to the Mississippi River at Helena, Arkansas, which refers to the probability that locations on two paired streams simultaneously experience floods of a magnitude greater than or equal to a given annual exceedance probability; collected high-water marks; constructed flood-peak inundation maps showing maximum flood extent and water depths; and summarized flood damages and effects.\n\nFor the period of record used in this report, peak-of-record stage occurred at 24 of the 39 streamgages, and peak-of-record streamflow occurred at 13 of the 30 streamgages where streamflow was determined. Annual exceedance probabilities were estimated to be less than 0.5 percent at three streamgages. The joint probability values for streamgages paired with the Mississippi River at Helena, Ark., streamgage indicate a low probability of concurrent flooding with the paired streamgages. The inundation maps show the flood-peak extent and water depth of flooding for two stream reaches on the White River and two on the Black River; the vicinities of the communities of Holly Grove and Cotton Plant, Ark.; a reach of the White River that includes the crossing of Interstate 40 north of De Valls Bluff, Ark.; and the Tailwaters of Beaver Dam near Eureka Springs, Ark., Table Rock Dam near Branson, Mo., and Bull Shoals Dam near Flippin, Ark. The data and inundation maps can be used for flood response, recovery, and planning efforts by Federal, State, and local agencies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135148","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers--Little Rock and Memphis Districts, and the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission","usgsCitation":"Westerman, D.A., Merriman, K., De Lanois, J.L., and Berenbrock, C., 2013, Analysis and inundation mapping of the April-May 2011 flood at selected locations in northern and eastern Arkansas and southern Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5148, Report: vii, 44 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135148.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 44 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-04-19","temporalEnd":"2011-05-03","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135148.PNG"},{"id":277051,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5148/"},{"id":277052,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5148/pdf/sir2013-5148.pdf"},{"id":277053,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5148/Downloads/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas;Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Arkansas River Basin;St. Francis River Basin;White River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.6179,34.7823 ], [ -94.6179,37.2905 ], [ -89.6448,37.2905 ], [ -89.6448,34.7823 ], [ -94.6179,34.7823 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521dcbc6e4b051c878dc355d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Westerman, Drew A. 0000-0002-8522-776X dawester@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-776X","contributorId":4526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westerman","given":"Drew","email":"dawester@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Merriman, Katherine R.","contributorId":34418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merriman","given":"Katherine R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"De Lanois, Jeanne L. jdelanoi@usgs.gov","contributorId":4672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"De Lanois","given":"Jeanne","email":"jdelanoi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":483138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Berenbrock, Charles","contributorId":30598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berenbrock","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047842,"text":"ofr20131180 - 2013 - Reconnaissance investigation of the alluvial gold deposits in the North Takhar Area of Interest, Takhar Province, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-27T09:19:59","indexId":"ofr20131180","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-27T09:06:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1180","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of the alluvial gold deposits in the North Takhar Area of Interest, Takhar Province, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"This study is a reconnaissance assessment of the alluvial gold deposits of the North Takhar Area of Interest (AOI) in Takhar Province, Afghanistan. Soviet and Afghan geologists collected data and calculated the gold deposit reserves in Takhar Province in the 1970s, prior to the development of satellite-based remote-sensing platforms and new methods of geomorphic mapping. The purpose of this study was to integrate new mapping techniques with previously collected borehole sampling and concentration sampling data and geomorphologic interpretations to reassess the alluvial gold placer deposits in the North Takhar AOI. Through a combination of historical borehole and cross-section data and digital terrain modeling, the Samti, Nooraba-Khasar-Anjir, and Kocha River placer deposits were reassessed. Resource estimates were calculated to be 20,927 kilograms (kg) for Samti, 7,626 kg for Nooraba-Khasar-Anjir, 160 kg for the mouth of the Kocha, 1,047 kg for the lower Kocha, 113 kg for the middle Kocha, and 168 kg for the upper Kocha. Previous resource estimates conducted by the Soviets for the Samti and Nooraba-Khasar-Anjir deposits estimated 30,062 kg and 802 kg of gold, respectively. This difference between the new estimates and previous estimates results from the higher resolution geomorphic model and the interpretation of areas outside of the initial work zone studied by Soviet and Afghan geologists.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131180","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations; USGS Afghanistan Project Product No. 184","usgsCitation":"Chirico, P., Malpeli, K., and Moran, T., 2013, Reconnaissance investigation of the alluvial gold deposits in the North Takhar Area of Interest, Takhar Province, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1180, iv, 14 p.; 6 Figures: 35 x 31 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131180.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.; 6 Figures: 35 x 31 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277044,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131180.gif"},{"id":277037,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1180/pdf/of2013-1180.pdf"},{"id":277038,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1180/pdf/of2013-1180_figure1.pdf"},{"id":277039,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1180/pdf/of2013-1180_figure2.pdf"},{"id":277040,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1180/pdf/of2013-1180_figure3.pdf"},{"id":277041,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1180/pdf/of2013-1180_figure4.pdf"},{"id":277042,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1180/pdf/of2013-1180_figure5.pdf"},{"id":277043,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1180/pdf/of2013-1180_figure6.pdf"},{"id":277036,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1180/"}],"country":"Afghanistan","state":"Takhar Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 74.89,29.38 ], [ 74.89,38.49 ], [ 60.52,38.49 ], [ 60.52,29.38 ], [ 74.89,29.38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a64065e4b0a6d695882609","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malpeli, Katherine C.","contributorId":55106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malpeli","given":"Katherine C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Moran, Thomas W.","contributorId":102999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Thomas W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047841,"text":"ofr20131179 - 2013 - Reconnaissance investigation of the placer gold deposits in the Zarkashan Area of Interest, Ghazni Province, Afghanistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-27T09:20:54","indexId":"ofr20131179","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-27T08:40:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1179","title":"Reconnaissance investigation of the placer gold deposits in the Zarkashan Area of Interest, Ghazni Province, Afghanistan","docAbstract":"This study is a reconnaissance investigation of the placer gold deposits in the Zarkashan Area of Interest (AOI) in Ghazni Province, Afghanistan. Detailed investigations of the Zarkashan gold deposits were conducted by Soviet and Afghan geologists in the 1960s and 1970s, prior to the development of satellite-based remote-sensing platforms and new methods of geomorphic mapping. The purpose of this study was to integrate new mapping techniques with previously collected concentration and borehole sampling data and geomorphologic interpretations to reassess the placer gold deposits in the Zarkashan AOI. A methodology combining the collection and analysis of historical sampling data, digital database development, hydrologic analysis, and geomorphic modeling was used. The analysis led to the reinterpretation of four gold-bearing seams along the Zarkashan River, and the calculation of an estimated gold reserve of approximately 3,000 kilograms (kg). This estimate is approximately 1,500 kg greater than the Soviet estimate. The result differs in large part due to the reinterpretation of the seams based on a much lower cutoff grade of 100 mg/m<sup>3</sup>. Because cutoff grade is dependent in part on the price of gold, the sevenfold increase in the price of gold since the undertaking of the Soviet investigation warranted our re-evaluation of their 500 mg/m<sup>3</sup> cutoff grade.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131179","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Afghan Geological Survey under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations; USGS Afghanistan Project Product No. 185","usgsCitation":"Malpeli, K., Chirico, P., and McLoughlin, I.H., 2013, Reconnaissance investigation of the placer gold deposits in the Zarkashan Area of Interest, Ghazni Province, Afghanistan: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1179, iv, 12 p.; 4 Figures: 40 x 26 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131179.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.; 4 Figures: 40 x 26 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277034,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131179.gif"},{"id":277029,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1179/"},{"id":277028,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1179/pdf/of2013-1179.pdf"},{"id":277030,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1179/pdf/of2013-1179_figure1.pdf"},{"id":277031,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1179/pdf/of2013-1179_figure2.pdf"},{"id":277032,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1179/pdf/of2013-1179_figure3.pdf"},{"id":277033,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1179/pdf/of2013-1179_figure4.pdf"}],"country":"Afghanistan","otherGeospatial":"Ghazni Province","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 67.0,32.583333 ], [ 67.0,33.333333 ], [ 68.5,33.333333 ], [ 68.5,32.583333 ], [ 67.0,32.583333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a64066e4b0a6d69588260d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malpeli, Katherine C.","contributorId":55106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malpeli","given":"Katherine C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chirico, Peter G.","contributorId":27086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chirico","given":"Peter G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLoughlin, Isabel H.","contributorId":63295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLoughlin","given":"Isabel","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047809,"text":"fs20133077 - 2013 - Assessing hazards along our Nation's coasts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-03T16:23:52.131872","indexId":"fs20133077","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-27T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3077","title":"Assessing hazards along our Nation's coasts","docAbstract":"Coastal areas are essential to the economic, cultural, and environmental health of the Nation, yet by nature coastal areas are constantly changing due to a variety of events and processes. Extreme storms can cause dramatic changes to our shorelines in a matter of hours, while sea-level rise can profoundly alter coastal environments over decades. These changes can have a devastating impact on coastal communities, such as the loss of homes built on retreating sea cliffs or protective dunes eroded by storm waves. Sometimes, however, the changes can be positive, such as new habitat created by storm deposits. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is meeting the need for scientific understanding of how our coasts respond to different hazards with continued assessments of current and future changes along U.S. coastlines. Through the National Assessment of Coastal Change Hazards (NACCH), the USGS carries out the unique task of quantifying coastal change hazards along open-ocean coasts in the United States and its territories. Residents of coastal communities, emergency managers, and other stakeholders can use science-based data, tools, models, and other products to improve planning and enhance resilience.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133077","usgsCitation":"Stockdon, H.F., Hapke, C.J., Thieler, E.R., and Plant, N.G., 2013, Assessing hazards along our Nation's coasts: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3077, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133077.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049689","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277021,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133077.gif"},{"id":277020,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3077"},{"id":277026,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3077/pdf/fs2013-3077.pdf"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -96.86914502391843,\n              25.676541196515757\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.1510819286353,\n              28.748259156916717\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.63130266622923,\n              28.967819931186668\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.26124220826257,\n              26.185570117468046\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.86631087481867,\n              24.468314528418432\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.38809036225112,\n              25.708794231546918\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.51513298694537,\n              30.548059387250035\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.66511681275594,\n              35.47833996123936\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.3320640743983,\n              41.95708220917621\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.8124085859254,\n              44.446776355538276\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.64474740309704,\n              45.47332616475805\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.29180605377795,\n              39.83132038563147\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.07516305614124,\n              34.739508085110614\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.59115171981412,\n              31.249523544028577\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.92433126129713,\n              30.90037625673631\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.3929016368073,\n              30.753103767930327\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.46897059975328,\n              27.655497209502002\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.86914502391843,\n              25.676541196515757\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.89743108927289,\n              32.49599471290169\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.34901543312955,\n              37.01995266213709\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.73750460217192,\n              42.97400093746671\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.64359942785259,\n              47.32605536733709\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.19872274895269,\n              48.92533362170144\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.66999547501766,\n              48.44674719266342\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.5717686796562,\n              48.20991323335795\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.94103444084931,\n              45.34410308626889\n            ],\n            [\n              -125.42032668129323,\n              41.56038249971331\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.82620436516336,\n              37.86051294195762\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.08521643089432,\n              34.55841233446684\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.2485659726369,\n              32.81943404482314\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.89743108927289,\n              32.49599471290169\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.65945214072957,\n              22.535214781847728\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.65945214072957,\n              18.258352646260875\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.17033461419118,\n              18.258352646260875\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.17033461419118,\n              22.535214781847728\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.65945214072957,\n              22.535214781847728\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -140.66825228079094,\n              70.82095847484021\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.63215277429168,\n              71.11605314776602\n            ],\n            [\n              -168.6631936258613,\n              65.99484194363026\n            ],\n            [\n              -173.4865606830386,\n              62.29137796735003\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.03030034967938,\n              58.55792142819686\n            ],\n            [\n              -169.34288349952558,\n              50.800387526662774\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.66211388069493,\n              55.89251807265066\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.70192133311997,\n              57.429868728211545\n            ],\n            [\n              -143.18930930011604,\n              59.34751594737668\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.36817691985024,\n              53.85749887605968\n            ],\n            [\n              -131.17414214741302,\n              51.25379493172153\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.9120108206774,\n              55.91634739704281\n            ],\n            [\n              -135.0343665684961,\n              59.78292753188043\n            ],\n            [\n              -137.26041451357486,\n              59.31251611881518\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.69379987113493,\n              60.510270144290416\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.07719013997863,\n              61.86484951301853\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.54820931312975,\n              59.79452903119562\n            ],\n            [\n              -161.52950516934982,\n              61.65723296673619\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.98836619471263,\n              65.22384056336563\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.64650947702535,\n              67.77110909659567\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.92449808887895,\n              69.10785790501464\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.96972002515437,\n              69.09457499918139\n            ],\n            [\n              -140.66825228079094,\n              70.82095847484021\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -67.52808397583753,\n              18.91038343087544\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.52808397583753,\n              17.59421076752153\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.40879002312462,\n              17.59421076752153\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.40879002312462,\n              18.91038343087544\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.52808397583753,\n              18.91038343087544\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52a63ff8e4b0a6d695882206","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stockdon, Hilary F. 0000-0003-0791-4676 hstockdon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0791-4676","contributorId":2153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stockdon","given":"Hilary","email":"hstockdon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":483015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thieler, E. Robert 0000-0003-4311-9717 rthieler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":2488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.","email":"rthieler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Robert","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Plant, Nathaniel G. 0000-0002-5703-5672 nplant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5703-5672","contributorId":3503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plant","given":"Nathaniel","email":"nplant@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":868466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047808,"text":"ofr20131231 - 2013 - Coastal change from Hurricane Sandy and the 2012-13 winter storm season: Fire Island, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:24:14","indexId":"ofr20131231","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-27T08:30:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1231","title":"Coastal change from Hurricane Sandy and the 2012-13 winter storm season: Fire Island, New York","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mounted a substantial effort in response to Hurricane Sandy including an assessment of the morphological impacts to the beach and dune system at Fire Island, New York. Field surveys of the beach and dunes collected just prior to and after landfall were used to quantify change in several focus areas. In order to quantify morphologic change along the length of the island, pre-storm (May 2012) and post-storm (November 2012) lidar and aerial photography were used to assess changes to the shoreline and beach, and to measure volumetric changes. The extent and thicknesses of overwash deposits were mapped in the field, and measurements were used to determine volume, distribution, and characteristics of the deposits.\n\nThe beaches and dunes on Fire Island were severely eroded during Hurricane Sandy, and the island breached in three locations on the eastern segment of the island. Landward shift of the upper portion of the beach averaged 19.7 meters (m) but varied substantially along the coast. Shoreline change was also highly variable, but the shoreline prograded during the storm by an average of 11.4 m, due to the deposition of material eroded from the upper beach and dunes onto the lower portion of the beach. The beaches and dunes lost 54.4 percent of their pre-storm volume, and the dunes experienced overwash along 46.6 percent of the island. The inland overwash deposits account for 14 percent of the volume lost from the beaches and dunes, indicating that the majority of material was moved offshore.\n\nIn the winter months following Hurricane Sandy, seven storm events with significant wave heights greater than four m were recorded at a wave buoy 30 nautical miles south of Fire Island. Monthly shoreline and profile surveys indicate that the beach continued to erode dramatically. The shoreline, which exhibited a progradational trend immediately after Sandy, eroded an average of 21.4 m between November 2012 and mid-March 2013, with a maximum landward shift of nearly 60 m. By March 2013 the elevation of the beach in the majority of the surveyed profiles was lowered below the mean high water level (0.46 m), and the beach lost an additional 18.9 percent of its remaining volume. In the final time period of the field surveys (March to April 2013), the beach began to show signs of rapid recovery, and in 90 percent of the profiles, the volume of the beach in April 2013 was similar to the volume measured immediately after Hurricane Sandy.\n\nOverall, Hurricane Sandy profoundly impacted the morphology of Fire Island and resulted in an extremely low elevation, low relief configuration that has left the barrier island vulnerable to future storms. The coastal system subsequently began to show signs of recovery, and although the beach is likely to experience continued recovery in the form of volume gains, the dunes will take years to rebuild. Events such as Sandy result in a coastal environment that is a more vulnerable to future storm impacts, but they are an important natural process of barrier islands that allow these systems to evolve in response to sea-level rise.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131231","usgsCitation":"Hapke, C.J., Brenner, O., Henderson, R., and Reynolds, B., 2013, Coastal change from Hurricane Sandy and the 2012-13 winter storm season: Fire Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1231, vi, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131231.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"43","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2012-05-01","temporalEnd":"2012-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131231.gif"},{"id":277022,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1231/"},{"id":277027,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1231/pdf/ofr2013-1231.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Fire Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.306874,40.62042 ], [ -73.306874,40.779037 ], [ -72.727963,40.779037 ], [ -72.727963,40.62042 ], [ -73.306874,40.62042 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52722a8be4b0ce70249c9816","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hapke, Cheryl J. 0000-0002-2753-4075 chapke@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2753-4075","contributorId":2981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hapke","given":"Cheryl","email":"chapke@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6676,"text":"USGS (retired)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":483011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brenner, Owen","contributorId":7987,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brenner","given":"Owen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henderson, Rachel E. 0000-0001-5810-7941 rhehre@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-7941","contributorId":4934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Rachel E.","email":"rhehre@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reynolds, B.J.","contributorId":47874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"B.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047836,"text":"pp1799 - 2013 - Stratigraphy of lower to middle Paleozoic rocks of northern Nevada and the Antler orogeny","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:26:21","indexId":"pp1799","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-26T14:57:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1799","title":"Stratigraphy of lower to middle Paleozoic rocks of northern Nevada and the Antler orogeny","docAbstract":"Commonly accepted concepts concerning the lower Paleozoic stratigraphy of northern Nevada are based on the assumption that the deep-water aspects of Ordovician to Devonian siliceous strata are due to their origin in a distant oceanic environment, and their presence where we find them is due to tectonic emplacement by the Roberts Mountains thrust. The concept adopted here is based on the assumption that their deep-water aspects are the result of sea-level rise in the Cambrian, and all of the Paleozoic strata in northern Nevada are indigenous to that area. The lower part of the Cambrian consists mainly of shallow-water cross-bedded sands derived from the craton. The upper part of the Cambrian, and part of the Ordovician, consists mainly of deep-water carbonate clastics carried by turbidity currents from the carbonate shelf in eastern Nevada, newly constructed as a result of sea-level rise. Ordovician to mid-Devonian strata are relatively deep-water siliceous deposits, which are the western facies assemblage. The basal contact of this assemblage on autochthonous Cambrian rocks is exposed in three mountain ranges and is clearly depositional in all three. The western facies assemblage can be divided into distinct stratigraphic units of regional extent. Many stratigraphic details can be explained simply by known changes in sea level. Upper Devonian to Mississippian strata are locally and westerly derived orogenic clastic beds deposited disconformably on the western facies assemblage. This disconformity, clearly exposed in 10 mountain ranges, indicates regional uplift and erosion of the western facies assemblage and absence of local deformation. The disconformity represents the Antler orogeny.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1799","usgsCitation":"Ketner, K.B., 2013, Stratigraphy of lower to middle Paleozoic rocks of northern Nevada and the Antler orogeny: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1799, vi, 23 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1799.","productDescription":"vi, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"33","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277015,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp1799.gif"},{"id":277014,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1799/pdf/PP1799.pdf"},{"id":277013,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1799/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.9767,38.7369 ], [ -117.9767,41.9023 ], [ -115.0049,41.9023 ], [ -115.0049,38.7369 ], [ -117.9767,38.7369 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521c6adde4b01458f784290b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ketner, Keith B.","contributorId":957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ketner","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":483102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70047170,"text":"70047170 - 2013 - Epidote from the Zard Mountains, Kharan, Balochistan, Pakistan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-09T13:25:01.603007","indexId":"70047170","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-26T13:35:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2744,"text":"Mindat.org","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Epidote from the Zard Mountains, Kharan, Balochistan, Pakistan","docAbstract":"The authors received two unusual crystals of epidote from Rock Currier, Jewel Tunnel Imports, in 2012. The mineral specimens were collected at Zard Mountain (Zard Koh), in the central part of the Ruskoh Mountains (Rusk Koh), west of Kharan, Balochistan, Pakistan (written communication, Rock Currier, 2013). The epidote locality was most likely discovered in 2010. These epidote crystals were unusual in both form and composition. The large crystals were flat tabular and pseudohexagonal in shape which is an uncommon crystal form for a monoclinic mineral (fig. 1). Other specimens from the same locality have been described as pseudo-octahedral in shape. The two crystals range in size from 5.5 to 6.5 centimeters (2.2 to 2.6 inches) and are slightly magnetic. The epidote crystals have a core matrix that resembles a weathered igneous rock. Some micro brown- to reddish-titanite crystals were observed under a binocular microscope on the surface and core areas of the crystals (figs. 2 and 3). Other minerals observed in the core areas include feldspar, biotite, and quartz. The crystals display evidence of cluster-growth with points of attachment to other crystals. The epidotes were most likely collected in pockets of a weathered igneous-skarn deposit.","language":"English","publisher":"MinDat.org","usgsCitation":"Brownfield, M.E., Lowers, H., and Betterton, W.K., 2013, Epidote from the Zard Mountains, Kharan, Balochistan, Pakistan: Mindat.org, HTML Document.","productDescription":"HTML Document","ipdsId":"IP-045825","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":277007,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275298,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.mindat.org/article.php/1770/Epidote+from+the+Zard+Mountains%2C+Kharan%2C+Balochistan%2C+Pakistan"}],"country":"Pakistan","otherGeospatial":"Balochistan, Zard Mountains","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              68.20946086614688,\n              30.352720649235465\n            ],\n            [\n              61.68301537637771,\n              30.352720649235465\n            ],\n            [\n              61.68301537637771,\n              24.91477741385613\n            ],\n            [\n              68.20946086614688,\n              24.91477741385613\n            ],\n            [\n              68.20946086614688,\n              30.352720649235465\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521c6adbe4b01458f78428fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brownfield, Michael E. 0000-0003-3633-1138 mbrownfield@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3633-1138","contributorId":1548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brownfield","given":"Michael","email":"mbrownfield@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowers, Heather 0000-0001-5360-9264 hlowers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-9264","contributorId":710,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowers","given":"Heather","email":"hlowers@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Betterton, William K.","contributorId":46401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Betterton","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047756,"text":"70047756 - 2013 - Effects of fire on the thermal stability of permafrost in lowland and upland black spruce forests of interior Alaska in a changing climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-28T15:51:33","indexId":"70047756","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-26T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1562,"text":"Environmental Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of fire on the thermal stability of permafrost in lowland and upland black spruce forests of interior Alaska in a changing climate","docAbstract":"Fire is an important factor controlling the composition and thickness of the organic layer in the black spruce forest ecosystems of interior Alaska. Fire that burns the organic layer can trigger dramatic changes in the underlying permafrost, leading to accelerated ground thawing within a relatively short time. In this study, we addressed the following questions. (1) Which factors determine post-fire ground temperature dynamics in lowland and upland black spruce forests? (2) What levels of burn severity will cause irreversible permafrost degradation in these ecosystems?\n\nWe evaluated these questions in a transient modeling–sensitivity analysis framework to assess the sensitivity of permafrost to climate, burn severity, soil organic layer thickness, and soil moisture content in lowland (with thick organic layers, ~80 cm) and upland (with thin organic layers, ~30 cm) black spruce ecosystems. The results indicate that climate warming accompanied by fire disturbance could significantly accelerate permafrost degradation. In upland black spruce forest, permafrost could completely degrade in an 18 m soil column within 120 years of a severe fire in an unchanging climate. In contrast, in a lowland black spruce forest, permafrost is more resilient to disturbance and can persist under a combination of moderate burn severity and climate warming.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Institute of Physics","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035030","usgsCitation":"Jafarov, E.E., Romanovsky, V.E., Genet, H., McGuire, A.D., and Marchenko, S., 2013, Effects of fire on the thermal stability of permafrost in lowland and upland black spruce forests of interior Alaska in a changing climate: Environmental Research Letters, v. 8, no. 3, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035030.","productDescription":"11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-045567","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035030","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":277131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":277130,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/035030"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.45,51.21 ], [ 172.45,71.39 ], [ -129.99,71.39 ], [ -129.99,51.21 ], [ 172.45,51.21 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521f1be5e4b0f8bf2b076100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jafarov, Elchin E.","contributorId":40880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jafarov","given":"Elchin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romanovsky, Vladimir E.","contributorId":40113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanovsky","given":"Vladimir","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Genet, Helene","contributorId":95370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Genet","given":"Helene","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, Anthony D. 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":2493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Anthony","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Marchenko, Sergey S.","contributorId":93368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marchenko","given":"Sergey S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047830,"text":"ofr20121219 - 2013 - Carolinas coastal change processes project data report for nearshore observations at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-04-10T15:40:20.72464","indexId":"ofr20121219","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-26T12:44:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2012-1219","title":"Carolinas coastal change processes project data report for nearshore observations at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina","docAbstract":"An oceanographic field study conducted in February 2010 investigated processes that control nearshore flow and sediment transport dynamics at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. This report describes the project background, field program, instrumentation setup, and locations of the sensor deployments. The data collected, and supporting meteorological and streamflow observations, are presented as time-series plots for data visualization. Additionally, the data are available as part of this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20121219","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, B., Warner, J., Voulgaris, G., List, J., Thieler, R., Martini, M.A., Montgomery, E., McNinch, J., Book, J.W., and Haas, K., 2013, Carolinas coastal change processes project data report for nearshore observations at Cape Hatteras, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2012-1219, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121219.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-041522","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":277000,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20121219.gif"},{"id":276999,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1219/title_page.html"},{"id":276998,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1219/"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Hatteras","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.601053,35.212835 ], [ -75.601053,35.278065 ], [ -75.513577,35.278065 ], [ -75.513577,35.212835 ], [ -75.601053,35.212835 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521c6ad2e4b01458f78428f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, Brandy N.","contributorId":98981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Brandy N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voulgaris, George","contributorId":26377,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Voulgaris","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":27143,"text":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":483090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"List, Jeffrey H. jlist@usgs.gov","contributorId":2416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"List","given":"Jeffrey H.","email":"jlist@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Thieler, Robert","contributorId":17904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Martini, Marinna A. 0000-0002-7757-5158 mmartini@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7757-5158","contributorId":2456,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martini","given":"Marinna","email":"mmartini@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Montgomery, Ellyn T. emontgomery@usgs.gov","contributorId":407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Montgomery","given":"Ellyn T.","email":"emontgomery@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":483084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"McNinch, Jesse E.","contributorId":93804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNinch","given":"Jesse E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Book, Jeffrey W.","contributorId":68209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Book","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Haas, Kevin","contributorId":23832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70047177,"text":"70047177 - 2013 - Florida Panhandle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-27T17:53:56.43368","indexId":"70047177","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-26T11:02:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"chapter":"M","title":"Florida Panhandle","docAbstract":"Throughout the past century, emergent wetlands have been declining across the Gulf of Mexico. Emergent wetland ecosystems provide a multitude of resources, including plant and wildlife habitat, commercial and recreational economic activity, and natural barriers against storms. As emergent wetland losses increase, so does the need for information on the causes and effects of this loss; emergent wetland mapping, monitoring, and restoration efforts; and education. This report provides scientists, managers, and citizens with valuable baseline information on the status and trends of emergent wetlands along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The Florida Panhandle chapter provides status and trends information for the Florida Panhandle using what data is available during the 1950-2010 time period.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Emergent wetlands status and trends in the northern Gulf of Mexico: 1950-2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"2013 Gulf of Mexico Alliance (GOMA) All Hands Meeting","conferenceDate":"June 25-27, 2013","conferenceLocation":"Tampa, FL","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Handley, L.R., Spear, K.A., Albrecht, B., Bruening, K., McDowell, A., Baumstark, R., Moyer, R., and Thatcher, C.A., 2013, Florida Panhandle, 22 p.","productDescription":"22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-045000","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":276989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340729,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://gom.usgs.gov/web/Site/EmWetStatusTrends"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Florida Panhandle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -87.659912109375,\n              29.54956657394792\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.2374267578125,\n              29.54956657394792\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.2374267578125,\n              30.982318643027536\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.659912109375,\n              30.982318643027536\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.659912109375,\n              29.54956657394792\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521c6adbe4b01458f78428ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Handley, Lawrence R. handleyl@usgs.gov","contributorId":3459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handley","given":"Lawrence","email":"handleyl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spear, Kathryn A. 0000-0001-8942-2856 speark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8942-2856","contributorId":1949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spear","given":"Kathryn","email":"speark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Albrecht, Barbara","contributorId":108011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albrecht","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bruening, Karen","contributorId":98204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bruening","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481243,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McDowell, Alison","contributorId":31665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDowell","given":"Alison","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baumstark, René","contributorId":17903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baumstark","given":"René","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Moyer, Ryan","contributorId":48460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Thatcher, Cindy A. 0000-0003-0331-071X thatcherc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-071X","contributorId":2868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thatcher","given":"Cindy","email":"thatcherc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70047816,"text":"70047816 - 2013 - Juvenile movement among different populations of cutthroat trout introduced as embryos to vacant habitat","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-22T20:25:52.872535","indexId":"70047816","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-26T10:37:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juvenile movement among different populations of cutthroat trout introduced as embryos to vacant habitat","docAbstract":"<p><span>Translocations are frequently used to increase the abundance and range of endangered fishes. One factor likely to affect the outcome of translocations is fish movement. We introduced embryos from five Westslope Cutthroat Trout&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi</i><span>&nbsp;populations (both hatchery and wild) at five different locations within a fishless watershed. We then examined the movement of age‐1 and age‐2 fish and looked for differences in movement distance among source populations and among introduction sites; we also examined the interactions among age, population, and introduction site. At age 1, most individuals (90.9%) remained within 1,000&nbsp;m their introduction sites. By age 2, the majority of individuals (58.3%) still remained within 1,000&nbsp;m of their introduction site, but considerably more individuals had moved downstream, some more than 6,000&nbsp;m from their introduction site. We observed a significant interaction between age and source population (</span><i>F</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>4, 1077</sub><span>&nbsp;= 15.45,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.0001) as well as between age and introduction site (</span><i>F</i><span>&nbsp;</span><sub>41, 1077</sub><span>&nbsp;= 11.39,&nbsp;</span><i>P</i><span>&nbsp;&lt; 0.0008), so we presented results in the context of these interactions. Within age‐groups, we observed differences in movement behavior among source populations and among donor populations of Westslope Cutthroat Trout. We discuss these findings in light of previous research on juvenile salmonid movement.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2013.812582","usgsCitation":"Andrews, T.M., Shepard, B.B., Litt, A., Kruse, C.G., Zale, A.V., and Kalinowski, S.T., 2013, Juvenile movement among different populations of cutthroat trout introduced as embryos to vacant habitat: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 33, no. 4, p. 795-805, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2013.812582.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"795","endPage":"805","ipdsId":"IP-038131","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":398,"text":"Montana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276983,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"Cherry Creek, Madison River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.45,\n              45.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.45,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.55,\n              45.5\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.55,\n              45.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.45,\n              45.4\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"521c6adce4b01458f7842903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, Tessa M.","contributorId":98208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"Tessa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shepard, Bradley B.","contributorId":57327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shepard","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Litt, Andrea R.","contributorId":22226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Litt","given":"Andrea R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kruse, Carter G.","contributorId":58545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kruse","given":"Carter","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zale, Alexander V. 0000-0003-1703-885X zale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1703-885X","contributorId":3010,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zale","given":"Alexander","email":"zale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":483046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kalinowski, Steven T.","contributorId":78465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kalinowski","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":483050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}