Volcanological investigations in Indonesia were started in the 18th century, when Valentijn in 1726 prepared a chronological report of the eruption of Banda Api volcno, Maluku. Modern and intensive volcanological studies did not begin until the catastrophic eruption of Kelut volcano, East Java, in 1919. The eruption took 5,011 lives and destroyed thousands of acres of coffee plantation. An eruption lahar generated by the crater lake water mixed with volcanic eruptions products was the cause of death for a high number of victims. An effort to mitigate the danger from volcanic eruption was first initiated in 1921 by constructing a tunnel to drain the crater lake water of Kelut volcano. At the same time a Volcanological Survey was established by the government with the responsibility of seeking every means for minimizing the hazard caused by volcanic eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Sudradjat, A., 1990, Volcano hazard mitigation program in Indonesia: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 5, p. 227-229.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"229","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Indonesia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 94.130859375,\n 12.597454504832017\n ],\n [\n 100.2392578125,\n 3.2063329870791444\n ],\n [\n 104.58984375,\n 0.26367094433665017\n ],\n [\n 107.4462890625,\n -0.26367094433665017\n ],\n [\n 109.2919921875,\n 1.9771465537125645\n ],\n [\n 110.12695312499999,\n 1.2743089918452106\n ],\n [\n 111.09374999999999,\n 0.7909904981540058\n ],\n [\n 112.67578124999999,\n 1.537901237431487\n ],\n [\n 113.6865234375,\n 1.3621763466641585\n ],\n [\n 114.697265625,\n 1.537901237431487\n ],\n [\n 115.13671875,\n 2.591888984149953\n ],\n [\n 115.4443359375,\n 3.250208561653181\n ],\n [\n 115.7080078125,\n 4.3464112753331925\n ],\n [\n 117.20214843749999,\n 4.302591077119676\n ],\n [\n 117.861328125,\n 4.214943141390651\n ],\n [\n 125.41992187499999,\n 2.5479878714713706\n ],\n [\n 123.57421875,\n 4.039617826768437\n ],\n [\n 126.298828125,\n 4.565473550710278\n ],\n [\n 130.2099609375,\n 3.425691524418075\n ],\n [\n 136.80175781249997,\n 0.7031073524364783\n ],\n [\n 140.9765625,\n -2.2406396093827206\n ],\n [\n 141.0205078125,\n -6.227933930268672\n ],\n [\n 140.80078125,\n -6.795535025719518\n ],\n [\n 141.064453125,\n -7.972197714386866\n ],\n [\n 140.9326171875,\n -9.015302333420586\n ],\n [\n 128.1005859375,\n -8.5918844057982\n ],\n [\n 126.83715820312499,\n -8.167993177231883\n ],\n [\n 124.93652343749999,\n -8.613609852175756\n ],\n [\n 124.91455078125,\n -9.015302333420586\n ],\n [\n 125.1123046875,\n -9.026152779146141\n ],\n [\n 125.15625000000001,\n -9.091248585779363\n ],\n [\n 125.00244140625,\n -9.210560107629679\n ],\n [\n 125.09033203124999,\n -9.384032109601689\n ],\n [\n 125.068359375,\n -9.74154239811809\n ],\n [\n 123.98071289062499,\n -10.692996347925073\n ],\n [\n 122.607421875,\n -11.350796722383672\n ],\n [\n 119.17968749999999,\n -10.141931686131018\n ],\n [\n 111.4013671875,\n -8.320212289522944\n ],\n [\n 101.337890625,\n -5.922044619883293\n ],\n [\n 97.119140625,\n 0.08789059053083693\n ],\n [\n 93.91113281249999,\n 5.222246513227389\n ],\n [\n 91.669921875,\n 10.01212955790814\n ],\n [\n 92.296142578125,\n 12.97244201057838\n ],\n [\n 92.6531982421875,\n 13.694024844701644\n ],\n [\n 92.88940429687499,\n 13.907408048156961\n ],\n [\n 93.27941894531249,\n 13.752724664397\n ],\n [\n 94.075927734375,\n 12.838581915230757\n ],\n [\n 94.130859375,\n 12.597454504832017\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56e005f9e4b015c306fd0fea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sudradjat, A.","contributorId":167407,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sudradjat","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70168774,"text":"70168774 - 1990 - Earthquakes, January-February 1990","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-01T16:12:03","indexId":"70168774","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earthquakes, January-February 1990","docAbstract":"There were no major earthquakes during the first 2 months of the year and there were no earthquake-related deaths reported during this same time period. In the United States a moderate earthquake on February 28 in southern California caused some minor injuries and considerable damage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Person, W., 1990, Earthquakes, January-February 1990: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 22, no. 4, p. 179-182.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"182","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":318481,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56d6cb40e4b015c306f32c75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Person, W. J.","contributorId":91472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Person","given":"W. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":621676,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70195907,"text":"70195907 - 1990 - Ross Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T13:27:35","indexId":"70195907","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5647,"text":"Antarctic Research Series","printIssn":"0066-4634","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"48","chapter":"A","subchapterNumber":"12","title":"Ross Sea","docAbstract":"Eight short-wavelength, seismically defined penetrative structures having associated 1- to 5-km-wide magnetic anomalies (Table A. 12.1) in the western Ross Sea (Figure A. 12.1) are interpreted as volcanic in origin. Modeled anomalies fitted to the observed data and constrained by 24-fold seismic reflection profiles support the interpretation of these submarine volcanoes.
Anomaly a (Figure A. 12.1) is interpreted as a submarine caldera with an associated volcanic dome and is underlain by magma or rock above the Curie temperature [Behrendt et al, 1987].
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes of the Antarctic plate and southern oceans","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","isbn":"9780875901725","usgsCitation":"Behrendt, J.C., 1990, Ross Sea, chap. A of Volcanoes of the Antarctic plate and southern oceans: Antarctic Research Series, v. 48, p. 89-90.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"89","endPage":"90","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":352305,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/AR048p0018/summary"}],"otherGeospatial":"Antarctica","volume":"48","publicComments":"This publication is section 12 of Chapter A, McMurdo Volcanic Group Western Ross Embayment, of this book.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5aff2dd9e4b0da30c1bfd85d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"LeMasurier, W.E.","contributorId":7006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeMasurier","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730452,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomson, J.W.","contributorId":46251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730453,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baker, P.E.","contributorId":96450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"P.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730454,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kyle, P.R.","contributorId":78476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kyle","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730455,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rowley, P. D.","contributorId":87551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rowley","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730456,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Smellie, J.L.","contributorId":95385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smellie","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730457,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Verwoerd, W.J.","contributorId":66490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verwoerd","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730458,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Behrendt, J. C.","contributorId":190262,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behrendt","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":730451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016525,"text":"70016525 - 1990 - Some hydrological impacts of climate change for the Delaware River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:43","indexId":"70016525","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Some hydrological impacts of climate change for the Delaware River Basin","docAbstract":"To gain insight into possible impacts of climate change on water availability in the Delaware River, two models are linked. The first model is a monthly water balance model that converts the temperature and precipitation values generated by a random number generator to monthly streamflow values. The monthly streamflow values are input to a second model that simulates the operation of reservoirs and diversions within the basin. The output for the two linked models consists of time series of reservoir levels and streamflow at key points in the basin. Model results for a base case, in which monthly temperature and precipitation statistics are unchanged from historical records, are compared to several changed-climate scenarios under a standard set of rules of operation.","conferenceTitle":"Optimizing the Resources for Water Management - Proceedings of the ASCE 17th Annual National Conference","conferenceDate":"17 April 1990 through 21 April 1990","conferenceLocation":"Fort Worth, TX, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"087262756X","usgsCitation":"Tasker, G.D., 1990, Some hydrological impacts of climate change for the Delaware River Basin, Optimizing the Resources for Water Management - Proceedings of the ASCE 17th Annual National Conference, Fort Worth, TX, USA, 17 April 1990 through 21 April 1990, p. 541-544.","startPage":"541","endPage":"544","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223478,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b92b1e4b08c986b31a072","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tasker, Gary D.","contributorId":95035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tasker","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":373808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015822,"text":"70015822 - 1990 - Traveltime inversion using transmitted waves of offset VSP data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:26:10.232465","indexId":"70015822","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Traveltime inversion using transmitted waves of offset VSP data","docAbstract":"Estimation of layer parameters such as interval velocity, reflector depth, and dip can be formulated as a generalized linear inverse problem using observed arrival times. Based on a 2-D earth model, a computationally efficient and accurate formula is derived for traveltime inversion. This inversion method is applied to offset vertical seismic profile (VSP) data for estimating layer parameters using only transmitted first-arrival times. As opposed to a layer-stripping method, this method estimates all layer parameters simultaneously, thus reducing the cumulative error resulting from the errors in the upper layers. This investigation indicates (1) at least two source locations are required to estimate layer parameters properly, and (2) accurate arrival times are essential for computing the dip of a layer reliably. Bulk time shifts, such as static shifts, do not affect the parameter estimation significantly if the amount of shift is not too large. The result of real and modeled VSP data inversions indicates that traveltime inversion using transmitted first-arrival times from at least two source locations is a viable method for estimating interval velocities, reflector depths, and reflector dips.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442920","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Lee, M.W., 1990, Traveltime inversion using transmitted waves of offset VSP data: Geophysics, v. 55, no. 8, p. 1089-1097, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442920.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1089","endPage":"1097","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223480,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb786e4b08c986b327310","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016194,"text":"70016194 - 1990 - The Taylor Creek Rhyolite of New Mexico: a rapidly emplaced field of lava domes and flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:40","indexId":"70016194","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Taylor Creek Rhyolite of New Mexico: a rapidly emplaced field of lava domes and flows","docAbstract":"The Tertiary Taylor Creek Rhyolite of southwest New Mexico comprises at least 20 lava domes and flows. Each of the lavas was erupted from its own vent, and the vents are distributed throughout a 20 km by 50 km area. The volume of the rhyolite and genetically associated pyroclastic deposits is at least 100 km3 (denserock equivalent). The rhyolite contains 15%-35% quartz, sanidine, plagioclase, ??biotite, ??hornblende phenocrysts. Quartz and sanidine account for about 98% of the phenocrysts and are present in roughly equal amounts. With rare exceptions, the groundmass consists of intergrowths of fine-grained silica and alkali feldspar. Whole-rock major-element composition varies little, and the rhyolite is metaluminous to weakly peraluminous; mean SiO2 content is about 77.5??0.3%. Similarly, major-element compositions of the two feldsparphenocryst species also are nearly constant. However, whole-rock concentrations of some trace-elements vary as much as several hundred percent. Initial radiometric age determinations, all K-Ar and fission track, suggest that the rhyolite lava field grew during a period of at least 2 m.y. Subsequent 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate that the period of growth was no more than 100 000 years. The time-space-composition relations thus suggest that the Taylor Creek Rhyolite was erupted from a single magma reservoir whose average width was at least 30 km, comparable in size to several penecontemporaneous nearby calderas. However, this rhyolite apparently is not related to a caldera structure. Possibly, the Taylor Creek Phyolite magma body never became sufficiently volatile rich to produce a large-volume pyroclastic eruption and associated caldera collapse, but instead leaked repeatedly to feed many relatively small domes and flows. The new 40Ar/39Ar ages do not resolve preexisting unknown relative-age relations among the domes and flows of the lava field. Nonetheless, the indicated geologically brief period during which Taylor Creek Rhyolite magma was erupted imposes useful constraints for future evaluation of possible models for petrogenesis and the origin of trace-element characteristics of the system. ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of Volcanology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00268927","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Duffield, W.A., and Dalrymple, G.B., 1990, The Taylor Creek Rhyolite of New Mexico: a rapidly emplaced field of lava domes and flows: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, no. 6, p. 475-487, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00268927.","startPage":"475","endPage":"487","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":205317,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268927"}],"volume":"52","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba918e4b08c986b322055","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dalrymple, G. B.","contributorId":10407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dalrymple","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016183,"text":"70016183 - 1990 - Cosmic ray exposure dating with in situ produced cosmogenic 3He: Results from young Hawaiian lava flows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-28T12:21:56.574857","indexId":"70016183","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cosmic ray exposure dating with in situ produced cosmogenic 3He: Results from young Hawaiian lava flows","docAbstract":"In an effort to determine the in situ production rate of spallation-produced cosmogenic 3He, and evaluate its use as a surface exposure chronometer, we have measured cosmogenic helium contents in a suite of Hawaiian radiocarbon-dated lava flows. The lava flows, ranging in age from 600 to 13,000 years, were collected from Hualalai and Mauna Loa volcanoes on the island of Hawaii. Because cosmic ray surface-exposure dating requires the complete absence of erosion or soil cover, these lava flows were selected specifically for this purpose. The 3He production rate, measured within olivine phenocrysts, was found to vary significantly, ranging from 47 to 150 atoms g−1 yr−1 (normalized to sea level). Although there is considerable scatter in the data, the samples younger than 10,000 years are well-preserved and exposed, and the production rate variations are therefore not related to erosion or soil cover. Data averaged over the past 2000 years indicate a sea-level 3He production rate of 125 ± 30atoms g−1yr−1, which agrees well with previous estimates. The longer record suggests a minimum in sea level normalized 3He production rate between 2000 and 7000 years (55 ± 15atoms g−1yr−1), as compared to samples younger than 2000 years (125 ± 30 atoms g−1yr−1), and those between 7000 and 10,000 years (127 ± 19atoms g−1yr−1). The minimum in production rate is similar in age to that which would be produced by variations in geomagnetic field strength, as indicated by archeomagnetic data. However, the production rate variations (a factor of 2.3 ± 0.8) are poorly determined due to the large uncertainties in the youngest samples and questions of surface preservation for the older samples. Calculations using the atmospheric production model of O'Brien (1979) [35], and the method of Lal and Peters (1967) [11], predict smaller production rate variations for similar variation in dipole moment (a factor of 1.15–1.65). Because the production rate variations, archeomagnetic data, and theoretical estimates are not well determined at present, the relationship between dipole moment and production rate will require further study. Precise determination of the production rate is an important uncertainty in the surface-exposure technique, but the data demonstrate that it is feasible to date samples as young as 600 years of age providing that there has been no erosion or soil cover. Therefore, the technique will have important applications for volcanology, glacial geology, geomorphology and archaeology.
The epigenetic Tony M vanadium-uranium orebody in south-central Utah is hosted in fluvial sandstones of the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic). Although the deposit is mined for uranium, vanadium has a higher average abundance in the ore. Thus, the geochemistry of vanadium in the orebody was studied to characterize ore-forming processes within the inferred ground-water flow regime. Measurements of the relative amounts of V (super +3) and V (super +4) in ore minerals show that V (super +3) is more abundant. Thermodynamic calculations show that vanadium was more likely transported to the site of mineralization as V (super +4) . The ore formed as V (super +4) was reduced by hydrogen sulfide, followed by hydrolysis and precipitation of V (super +3) in oxide minerals (e.g., montroseitc or paramontroseite) or chlorite. Uranium was transported as uranyl ion (U (super +6) ), or some complex thereof, and reduced by hydrogen sulfide, forming coffinite. Detrital organic matter in the rocks served as the carbon source for sulfate-reducing bacteria. It was this bacteriogenic H 2 S that reduced the metals in the mineralization process.Possible sources for the V and U in this deposit have been identified previously. Vanadium most likely was derived from the dissolution of iron-titanium oxides, which liberated Fe as well as V. A zone of titanium-rich remnants is observed updip and up the hydrologic gradient from the deposit (M. Goldhaber and R. L. Reynolds, unpub. data). Uranium probably was derived from the overlying Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation (Northrop, 1982). A preliminary age date for the deposit of 115 Ma (K. Ludwig, 1986, pers. commun.) indicates that the ore formed after deposition of the Brushy Basin Member.Previous studies have shown that the ore formed at the density-stratified interface between a basinal brine and dilute meteoric water. The mineralization processes described above occurred within the mixing zone between these two fluids. Stable isotope analyses of ore-stage dolomite show a progressively heavier carbon and oxygen isotope signature with increasing depth through an ore horizon, consistent with the two-solution interface model.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.85.2.270","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R., Goldhaber, M., and Northrop, H.R., 1990, Geochemistry of vanadium in an epigenetic, sandstone-hosted vanadium-uranium deposit, Henry Basin, Utah: Economic Geology, v. 85, no. 2, p. 270-284, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.85.2.270.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"270","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":488924,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11124/78303","text":"External Repository"},{"id":223840,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1727e4b0c8380cd553d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldhaber, M. B. 0000-0002-1785-4243","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-4243","contributorId":103280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldhaber","given":"M. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Northrop, H. R.","contributorId":40735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Northrop","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015832,"text":"70015832 - 1990 - Synthetic calibration of a Rainfall-Runoff Model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:44","indexId":"70015832","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Synthetic calibration of a Rainfall-Runoff Model","docAbstract":"A method for synthetically calibrating storm-mode parameters for the U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System is described. Synthetic calibration is accomplished by adjusting storm-mode parameters to minimize deviations between the pseudo-probability disributions represented by regional regression equations and actual frequency distributions fitted to model-generated peak discharge and runoff volume. Results of modeling storm hydrographs using synthetic and analytic storm-mode parameters are presented. Comparisons are made between model results from both parameter sets and between model results and observed hydrographs. Although mean storm runoff is reproducible to within about 26 percent of the observed mean storm runoff for five or six parameter sets, runoff from individual storms is subject to large disparities. Predicted storm runoff volume ranged from 2 percent to 217 percent of commensurate observed values. Furthermore, simulation of peak discharges was poor. Predicted peak discharges from individual storm events ranged from 2 percent to 229 percent of commensurate observed values. The model was incapable of satisfactorily executing storm-mode simulations for the study watersheds. This result is not considered a particular fault of the model, but instead is indicative of deficiencies in similar conceptual models.","largerWorkTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference","conferenceDate":"30 July 1990 through 3 August 1990","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"Publ by ASCE","publisherLocation":"Boston, MA, United States","isbn":"0872627748","usgsCitation":"Thompson, D.B., and Westphal, J.A., 1990, Synthetic calibration of a Rainfall-Runoff Model, in Hydraulic Engineering - Proceedings of the 1990 National Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 30 July 1990 through 3 August 1990, p. 169-174.","startPage":"169","endPage":"174","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba35ee4b08c986b31fc97","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Chang Howard H.Hill Joseph C.","contributorId":128375,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Chang Howard H.Hill Joseph C.","id":536308,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Thompson, David B.","contributorId":79954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Westphal, Jerome A.","contributorId":22500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Westphal","given":"Jerome","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016095,"text":"70016095 - 1990 - Thermodynamics of open networks: Ordering and entropy in NaAlSiO4 glass, liquid, and polymorphs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:46","indexId":"70016095","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3066,"text":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thermodynamics of open networks: Ordering and entropy in NaAlSiO4 glass, liquid, and polymorphs","docAbstract":"The thermodynamic properties of carnegieite and NaAlSiO4 glass and liquid have been investigated through Cp determinations from 10 to 1800 K and solution-calorimetry measurements. The relative entropies S298-S0 of carnegieite and NaAlSiO4 glass are 118.7 and 124.8 J/mol K, respectively. The low-high carnegieite transition has been observed at 966 K with an enthalpy of transition of 8.1??0.3 kJ/mol, and the enthalpy of fusion of carnegieite at the congruent melting point of 1799 K is 21.7??3 kJ/mol. These results are consistent with the reported temperature of the nepheline-carnegieite transition and available thermodynamic data for nepheline. The entropy of quenched NaAlSiO4 glass at 0 K is 9.7??2 J/mol K and indicates considerable ordering among AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra. In the liquid state, progressive, temperature-induced Si, Al disordering could account for the high configurational heat capacity. Finally, the differences between the entropies and heat capacities of nepheline and carnegieite do not seem to conform to current polyhedral modeling of these properties ?? 1990 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF00212206","issn":"03421791","usgsCitation":"Richet, P., Robie, R.A., Rogez, J., Hemingway, B.S., Courtial, P., and Tequi, C., 1990, Thermodynamics of open networks: Ordering and entropy in NaAlSiO4 glass, liquid, and polymorphs: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, v. 17, no. 5, p. 385-394, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00212206.","startPage":"385","endPage":"394","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205324,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212206"},{"id":222990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb282e4b08c986b325851","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richet, P.","contributorId":42356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richet","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robie, R. A.","contributorId":71237,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robie","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogez, J.","contributorId":26073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogez","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hemingway, B. S.","contributorId":7268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemingway","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Courtial, P.","contributorId":82850,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courtial","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tequi, C.","contributorId":66852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tequi","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70015732,"text":"70015732 - 1990 - Genetic implications of regional and temporal trends in ore fluid geochemistry of Mississippi Valley-type deposits in the Ozark region","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-04T17:28:16.987735","indexId":"70015732","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic implications of regional and temporal trends in ore fluid geochemistry of Mississippi Valley-type deposits in the Ozark region","docAbstract":"Fluids extracted from aqueous fluid inclusions in epigenetic gangue and ore minerals record the migration of huge volumes of highly saline fluids throughout the stratigraphic section of the Ozark region. The extracted fluids share many similarities regionally, but there are significant temporal differences which define two geochemically distinct end-member ore-forming fluids that we refer to as the Viburnum Trend main stage or Viburnum Trend type and the Tri-State type.Viburnum Trend-type fluids are enriched in potassium and are associated only with deposits close to the basal Lamotte Sandstone. The main-stage octahedral galena ore of the Viburnum Trend and much of the Old Lead Belt ore is thought to be derived from this type of ore fluid. Galena deposited by Viburnum Trend-type fluids contains less radiogenic lead than galena deposited by Tri-State-type fluids. Sulfides deposited by Viburnum Trend-type fluids also contain isotopically heavier sulfur and significant amounts of copper, cobalt, nickel, and silver.Tri-State-type fluids have a low potassium content when compared with Viburnum Trend-type fluids and are characteristic of deposits where ore-forming fluids migrated through large volumes of carbonate rock. These fluids are thought to have formed the ore deposits of the Tri-State, Northern Arkansas, and Central Missouri districts, the cubic galena-stage ore of the Viburnum Trend, and the many trace occurrences of sphalerite throughout the Ozark region. Galena deposited by Tri-State-type fluids has more radiogenic lead and the sulfides have isotopically lighter sulfur than sulfides deposited by Viburnum Trend-type fluids. A systematic south to north increase of potassium in the Tri-State-type fluids suggests that they migrated from a southerly source such as the Arkoma basin.Possible explanations for the origins of these two end-member fluids include: (1) a single parent brine evolved into two distinct fluids due to reactions with geochemically distinct aquifers during migration, (2) the two distinct fluids reflect normal fluid evolution within a single source basin of a bittern and of later halite dissolution, and (3) the Viburnum Trend and Tri-State-type brines migrated to southeast Missouri from two different source basins. Our data does not preclude any of these possibilities; however, the geochemical similarity of the Viburnum Trend end-member fluid to a bittern may be accounted for by water-rock modifications of the brine during migration. Other evidence strongly supports a southerly source for the ore-forming brines thus limiting possible sources for the Viburnum Trend-type fluid to the Arkoma and/or Black Warrior basins of the Ouachita foreland trough. Viburnum Trend-type fluid flow was probably funneled northward through basal sandstones within the Reelfoot rift and water-rock modifications occurring there may have resulted in its unique geochemistry.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.85.4.842","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Viets, J., and Leach, D.L., 1990, Genetic implications of regional and temporal trends in ore fluid geochemistry of Mississippi Valley-type deposits in the Ozark region: Economic Geology, v. 85, no. 4, p. 842-861, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.85.4.842.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"842","endPage":"861","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223839,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"85","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a157ae4b0c8380cd54e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Viets, J.G.","contributorId":82300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viets","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Leach, D. L.","contributorId":18758,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leach","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015939,"text":"70015939 - 1990 - Bottom-boundary-layer measurements on the continental shelf off the Ebro River, Spain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-26T11:12:00.549789","indexId":"70015939","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Bottom-boundary-layer measurements on the continental shelf off the Ebro River, Spain","docAbstract":"Tertiary strata of the La Honda basin are exposed in the Santa Cruz Mountains along the central California coast south of San Francisco. The basin fill has a composite thickness of more than 14,500 m and consists of sedimentary and volcanic rocks that in places rest on granitic basement rocks of the Salinia terrane. Paleogene strata are mainly turbidite sandstone and hemipelagic mudstone that accumulated in deep-sea fan and basin plain environments at lower bathyal to abyssal depths. Neogene rocks are mainly shallow-marine shelf sandstone and upper to middle bathyal siliceous mudstone. Both Paleogene and Neogene strata exhibit rapid lateral variations in thickness and facies, several local and regional unconformities, numerous folds, and ubiquitous faults.
The complicated geology and geologic history of the La Honda basin reflect the fact that, throughout its history, the basin has been located at or near the tectonically active plate boundary between the North American continent and various oceanic plates of the Pacific basin. The La Honda basin originated during the Paleocene, perhaps during an episode of wrench tectonism associated with oblique subduction and arrival of the Salinia terrane. Major restructuring of the basin during the Oligocene-including uplift and erosion of the basin margins, movement along the Zayante-Vergeles fault, and deposition of two sand-rich deep-sea fans–apparently resulted from the approach of the Farallon-Pacific spreading ridge and its collision with the California continental margin. During the late Oligocene and early Miocene, widespread volcanism and marine transgression accompanied an episode of regional transtension along the San Andreas fault system. Deposition of shallow-marine sandstones and deeper-water siliceous mudstones occurred during much of the Miocene and Pliocene but was interrupted at least three times by brief episodes of uplift and erosion associated with transpressional wrench tectonism along the San Andreas fault. Marine deposition ended and uplift of the modern Santa Cruz Mountains began during the late Pliocene in response to the most-recent episode of regional transpression.
Five small oil fields in the La Honda basin have produced a total of 1.7 million barrels of oil and 300 million cubic feet of gas, mostly from reservoirs in Eocene turbidite sandstone and Miocene limestone.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and tectonics of the central California coastal region, San Francisco to Monterey: Camarillo, Calif., American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Section Guidebook","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","usgsCitation":"Stanley, R.G., 1990, Evolution of the Tertiary La Honda basin, central California, in Geology and tectonics of the central California coastal region, San Francisco to Monterey: Camarillo, Calif., American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Section Guidebook, v. 67, p. 1-29.","productDescription":"29 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/pacific/data/082/082001/1_ps0820001.htm"}],"volume":"67","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c112819e4b034bf6a8201b2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":737937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70016081,"text":"70016081 - 1990 - A tomographic glimpse of the upper mantle source of magmas of the Jemez lineament, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-24T16:37:00.686039","indexId":"70016081","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A tomographic glimpse of the upper mantle source of magmas of the Jemez lineament, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The 800-km-long Jemez lineament is the most active volcanic feature in the southwestern United States. It is the southeastern tectonic boundary of the Colorado Plateau and crosses the Rio Grande rift at the Jemez Mountains. The primary volcanism of the lineament is basaltic and has occurred in the last 4.5 m.y. To infer spatial distributions of partial melt in the upper mantle source zones for the Rio Grande rift and the Jemez lineament, we investigated the lateral variations of P wave velocity in the upper mantle beneath these features. We used teleseismic P wave delays recorded at a 22-station network to perform a damped least squares, three-dimensional inversion for these lateral variations. Our technique employed velocity interpolation within a three-dimensional grid of points, rather than using blocks of constant P wave velocity. This method allows highly realistic computation of seismic ray paths as well as accurate computation of the matrix elements in our system of equations. Determinations of resolution of results were done in two independent ways, both of which gave consistent estimates of resolution. In our best resolved volume the inversion showed no significant concentration of relative low velocity for P waves beneath the Rio Grande rift. However, directly beneath the Jemez lineament there is a ∼100-km-wide, 1–2% low-velocity feature in the depth range of 50–160 km. Because of the association of the low P wave velocity with the Jemez volcanic lineament but not with the Rio Grande rift, because lowered P wave velocity can be associated with increased partial melt, and because the volume of recent volcanism at the lineament greatly exceeds that at the rift, we infer that a large magmatic source zone exists beneath the Jemez lineament but not beneath the Rio Grande rift. This implies that the volcanic potential of the Jemez lineaments continues to greatly exceed that of the Rio Grande rift. The mantle source zones for volcanics of the Jemez lineament are not overridden by, but rather track, the motion of the North American plate; this implies that these sources are within the lithospheric plate, as is clarified in the discussion. The magmatic source zones of the Jemez lineament are modeled as due to clockwise rotation of the Colorado Plateau about a pole in northeastern Colorado. This rotation caused extension of the lithosphere beneath the Jemez lineament, permitting concentration there of partially melted rock in the upper mantle.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB07p10829","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Spence, W., and Gross, R., 1990, A tomographic glimpse of the upper mantle source of magmas of the Jemez lineament, New Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B7, p. 10829-10849, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB07p10829.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"10829","endPage":"10849","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222777,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5ffe4b0c8380cd470b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spence, W.","contributorId":7721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spence","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gross, R.S.","contributorId":59181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gross","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016070,"text":"70016070 - 1990 - Comparison of Darcian flow in corresponding flat and folded surfaces","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-27T11:38:05","indexId":"70016070","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of Darcian flow in corresponding flat and folded surfaces","docAbstract":"Folds of aquifers are rarely accounted for in models of groundwater flow. To account for aquifer folds in groundwater flow models, the equation describing Darcian flow in a general surface is derived. The equation is used to calculate steady state hydraulic head distributions for corresponding folded and flat surfaces. Each flat surface has the same hydraulic conductivity distribution and boundary condition as the corresponding folded surface. The folded surfaces have folds similar to the folds of selected aquifers and have folds that have much larger changes in slope. The largest difference in hydraulic head caused by all folding is only about 0.5% of the largest difference in hydraulic head across each surface. Because of the smaller areal extent and the fact that the effect of a sequence of folds is not cumulative, the minor folds do not generate substantially larger hydraulic head differences than the major folds.
Paleomagnetic results from Cenozoic (62–12 Ma) volcanic rocks of the Cascade arc and adjacent areas indicate that moderate to large clockwise rotations are an important component of the tectonic history of the arc. Two mechanisms of rotation are suggested by the regional pattern of paleomagnetic rotations. The progressive increase in rotation toward the coast in arc and forearc rocks results from distributed dextral shear, which is likely driven by oblique subduction of oceanic plates to the west. Simple shear rotation is accommodated in the upper crust by strike-slip faulting. The right-lateral Mount St. Helens seismic zone may be an active manifestation of this process. Dextral shear probably obscures a subequal contribution to arc and forearc rotation that is driven by intraarc or backarc extension. This rotation is suggested by the average southward increase in continental margin rotations into the region outboard of the Basin and Range. The southward increase in rotation parallels a change in the arc tectonic regime from largely compressional in northern Washington to extensional in Oregon. Concomitant with this change is a southward increase in the volume of eruptive rocks and the number of basaltic vents in the arc. A progressive eastward shift of the arc volcanic front with time in the rotated arc terrane is the result of the westward pivoting of the arc block in front of a zone of extension since Eocene time. Westward migration of bimodal Basin and Range volcanism since at least 16 Ma is tracking westward rotation of the frontal arc block and growth of the Basin and Range in its wake.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB095iB12p19409","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wells, R., 1990, Paleomagnetic rotations and the Cenozoic tectonics of the Cascade Arc, Washington, Oregon, and California: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 95, no. B12, p. 19409-19417, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB095iB12p19409.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"19409","endPage":"19417","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223446,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"95","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7417e4b0c8380cd77428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015780,"text":"70015780 - 1990 - Paleoecological interpretation of a middle Pennsylvanian coal bed in the central Appalachian basin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-22T12:19:28.443799","indexId":"70015780","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Paleoecological interpretation of a middle Pennsylvanian coal bed in the central Appalachian basin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"At least 180 small spore species assignable to 62 miospore genera have been identified from the Middle Pennsylvanian Hernshaw coal bed in southern West Virginia, and its stratigraphic equivalent, the Fire Clay coal bed, in eastern Kentucky. The established natural affinities of a majority of these miospore taxa indicate that the Hernshaw-Fire Clay peat swamp supported a diverse flora consisting of arborescent and “herbaceous” lycopods, ferns (tree-like and small varities), calamities and cordaites.
Four floral groupings are recognized in the Hernshaw-Fire Clay coal bed. The inferred paleoecology and vertical stratification of each of these four floral groupings is similar in structure to the “phasic” floral communities found in modern domed peat systems, suggesting that the ancient Hernshaw-Fire Clay peat swamp was a domed deposit. Compositional characteristics (petrographic make up, ash yield and sulfur content) associated with the four groupings are consistent with, and support this interpretation.
Where uninterrupted by inorganic partings, the Hernshaw-Fire Clay coal bed commonly contains basal coal layers dominated by Lycospora-bearing arborescent lycopods, with successive increments showing a progression to a more fern- and “herbaceous”-lycopod-dominant flora in younger layers. These observations are corroborated by petrographic analyses, which show the bed to be compositionally stratified. Increments dominated by Lycospora have high vitrinite contents, in contrast to increments containing increased percentages of fern- and “herbaceous”-lycopod-affiliated taxa that are enriched in inertinite macerals.
The volcanic ash fall, preserved as the flint-clay parting in the Hernshaw-Fire Clay coal bed, had a considerable effect on the development of the ancient Hernshaw-Fire Clay peat swamp. Besides interrupting peat formation, the presence of an inorganic substrate represent a major change in edaphic conditions within the swamp. This disruption is demonstrated by a change in palynflora and by the establishment and proliferation of some plant groups, notably cordaites and calamites, that may have been better adapted to growth on mineral soils.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(90)90054-3","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Eble, C., and Grady, W., 1990, Paleoecological interpretation of a middle Pennsylvanian coal bed in the central Appalachian basin, U.S.A.: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 16, no. 4, p. 255-286, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(90)90054-3.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"286","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223683,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a73d6e4b0c8380cd7729c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eble, C.F.","contributorId":35346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eble","given":"C.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grady, W.C.","contributorId":104223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grady","given":"W.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70016246,"text":"70016246 - 1990 - Effects of climatic change on the Thornthwaite moisture index","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-19T14:17:42","indexId":"70016246","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of climatic change on the Thornthwaite moisture index","docAbstract":"The Thornthwaite moisture index is a useful indicator of the supply of water (precipitation) in an area relative to the demand for water under prevailing climatic conditions (potential evapotranspiration). This study examines the effects of changes in climate (temperature and precipitation) on the Thornthwaite moisture index in the conterminous United States. Estimates of changes in mean annual temperature and precipitation for doubled-atmospheric CO2 conditions derived from three general circulation models (GCMs) are used to study the response of the moisture index under steady-state doubled-CO2 conditions. Results indicate that temperature and precipitation changes under doubled-CO2 conditions generally will cause the Thornthwaite moisture index to decrease, implying a drier climate for most of the United States. The pattern of expected decrease is consistent among the three GCMs, although the amount of decrease depends on which GCM climatic-change scenario is used. Results also suggest that changes in the moisture index are related mainly to changes in the mean annual potential evapotranspiration as a result of changes in the mean annual temperature, rather than to changes in the mean annual precipitation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01400.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"McCabe, G., Wolock, D.M., Hay, L.E., and Ayers, M.A., 1990, Effects of climatic change on the Thornthwaite moisture index: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 26, no. 4, p. 633-643, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01400.x.","startPage":"633","endPage":"643","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223050,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267739,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01400.x"}],"volume":"26","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b1e4b0c8380cd51393","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCabe, Gregory J. 0000-0002-9258-2997 gmccabe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-2997","contributorId":1453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCabe","given":"Gregory J.","email":"gmccabe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolock, David M. 0000-0002-6209-938X dwolock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-938X","contributorId":540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolock","given":"David","email":"dwolock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":372957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ayers, Mark A.","contributorId":84730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ayers","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":372959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70016247,"text":"70016247 - 1990 - Carbon isotope constraints on degassing of carbon dioxide from Kilauea Volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-12T14:10:27.506229","indexId":"70016247","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon isotope constraints on degassing of carbon dioxide from Kilauea Volcano","docAbstract":"We examine models for batch-equilibrium and fractional-equilibrium degassing of CO2 from magma at Kilauea Volcano. The models are based on
(1) the concept of two-stage degassing of CO2 from magma supplied to the summit chamber,
(2) C isotope data for CO2 in eruptive and noneruptive (quiescent) gases from Kilauea and
(3) data for the isotopic fractionation of C between CO2 and C dissolved in tholeiitic basalt melt.
The results of our study indicate that
(1) both eruptive and noneruptive degassing of CO2 most closely approach a batch equilibrium process,
(2) the δ13C of parental magma supplied to the summit chamber is in the range −4.1 to−3.4‰ and
(3) the δ13C of melt after summit chamber degassing is in the range −7 to −8‰, depending upon the depth of equilibration.
We also present δ13C data for CO2 in eruptive gases from the current East Rift Zone eruption. These are the first C isotope data for CO2 in high-temperature (>900°C) eruptive gases from Kilauea; they have a mean δ13C value of
A block-centered, finite difference model of two-dimensional groundwater flow yields velocity values at the midpoints of interfaces between adjacent blocks. Method of characteristics, random walk and particle-tracking models of solute transport require velocities at arbitrary particle locations within the finite difference grid. Particle path lines and travel times are sensitive to the spatial interpolation scheme employed, particularly in heterogeneous aquifers. This paper briefly reviews linear and bilinear interpolation of velocity and introduces a new interpolation scheme. Linear interpolation of velocity is consistent with the numerical solution of the flow equation and preserves discontinuities in velocity caused by abrupt (blocky) changes in transmissivity or hydraulic conductivity. However, linear interpolation yields discontinuous and somewhat unrealistic velocities in homogeneous aquifers. Bilinear interpolation of velocity yields continuous and realistic velocities in homogeneous and smoothly heterogeneous aquifers but does not preserve discontinuities in velocity at abrupt transmissivity boundaries. The new scheme uses potentiometric head gradients and offers improved accuracy for nonuniform flow in heterogeneous aquifers with abrupt changes in transmissivity. The new scheme is equivalent to bilinear interpolation in homogeneous media and is equivalent to linear interpolation where gradients are uniform. Selecting the best interpolation scheme depends, in part, on the conceptualization of aquifer heterogeneity, that is, whether changes in transmissivity occur abruptly or smoothly.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR026i005p00925","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., 1990, Particle velocity interpolation in block-centered finite difference groundwater flow models: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 5, p. 925-940, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i005p00925.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"925","endPage":"940","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223081,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a752ce4b0c8380cd77a18","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":372037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1000582,"text":"1000582 - 1990 - Toxicokinetics of PAHs in Hexagenia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-25T13:52:23","indexId":"1000582","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicokinetics of PAHs in Hexagenia","docAbstract":"The accumulation kinetics of two waterborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzo[a]pyrene (BAP) and phenanthrene (PHE), were studied in the mayfly nymph (Hexagenia limbata).
\nThe uptake clearance decreased while the bioconcentration of BAP increased with an increase in weight of the H. limbata nymph. The relationship between uptake clearance and bioconcentration for PHE was variable, and bioconcentration was greater for the heavier animals.
\nTwo kinetic models were used to evaluate the effect of nymph weight on disposition of PAHs: (a) the amount-uptake clearance model, similar to models most frequently used in environmental toxicology; and (b) a clearance-volume model, similar to models used in clinical pharmacology. The two models gave similar predictive results but were different in a few cases. These differences in common parameter estimation probably resulted from methodologies used and high data variability rather than the models themselves, since they are mathematically equal. Some of the parameters are unique to each of the models and are defined and described.
\nThe clearance of oxygen from water is inversely and linearly related to the weight of the mayfly nymphs, but oxygen clearances were always much less than the uptake clearances of the PAHs. The high PAH uptake clearance compared to oxygen clearance implies a greater surface area or efficiency for PAH accumulation from water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620090206","usgsCitation":"Stehly, G.R., Landrum, P.F., Henry, M.G., and Klemm, C., 1990, Toxicokinetics of PAHs in Hexagenia: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 9, no. 2, p. 167-174, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090206.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"174","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133116,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db62802e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stehly, Guy R.","contributorId":11553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stehly","given":"Guy","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landrum, Peter F.","contributorId":20688,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landrum","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308831,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henry, Mary G.","contributorId":38517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henry","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Klemm, C.","contributorId":21917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klemm","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015875,"text":"70015875 - 1990 - Ground-water control of evaporite deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-17T16:24:44","indexId":"70015875","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water control of evaporite deposition","docAbstract":"Topographically closed basins may be hydrologically open as a result of seepage losses to underlying or surrounding ground-water systems. In such cases, these losses can have a substantial control over the suite and the thicknesses of evaporite minerals formed in the basin. The ratio of ground-water outflow to inflow (flux ratio) in hydrologically open basins is as important in determining the mineralogy and thicknesses of evaporite deposits as the solute composition of the inflow water. Attainment of steady state flux ratios permits large thicknesses of two or three minerals to form rather than thin veneers of many minerals. The presence or absence of glauberite, mirabilite, halite, bloedite, polyhalite, and hexahydrite, caused by subtle changes in the ground-water seepage is illustrated using an example from the Southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico. However, the model is general and is applicable with any solute composition including that of seawater and the use of surface rather than ground water. An analytical, lumped parameter, solute mass balance model is developed to define the concept of a ground-water flux ratio as it applies to topographically closed basins in which evaporation exceeds precipitation. Diffusion, advection, and density-driven flow are proposed as mechanisms by which solutes can escape to the ground water from these closed basins. The geochemical reaction computer program PHRQPITZ is used to document the effects of various flux ratios on the mineralogy and thickness of deposits. Solute analyses used in conjunction with the model can be used to screen prospective basins as well as to provide insights for exploratory drilling program.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.85.6.1226","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Wood, W., and Sanford, W., 1990, Ground-water control of evaporite deposition: Economic Geology, v. 85, no. 6, p. 1226-1235, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.85.6.1226.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1226","endPage":"1235","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.8857421875,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -99.931640625,\n 29.57345707301757\n ],\n [\n -99.931640625,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -107.8857421875,\n 36.06686213257888\n ],\n [\n -107.8857421875,\n 29.57345707301757\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"85","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1990-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2bcfe4b0c8380cd5bb46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, W.W.","contributorId":21974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sanford, W. E. 0000-0002-6624-0280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6624-0280","contributorId":102112,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanford","given":"W. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015823,"text":"70015823 - 1990 - On graphically representing the confidence region for an unknown rotation in three dimensions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T15:27:58","indexId":"70015823","displayToPublicDate":"1990-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1990","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1315,"text":"Computers & Geosciences","printIssn":"0098-3004","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On graphically representing the confidence region for an unknown rotation in three dimensions","docAbstract":"In assessing the errors involved in reconstructing tectonic plate rotations, it is desirable to have confidence regions for the unknown rotation. This paper presents a method for graphing such confidence regions, which exhibits the dependence of the range of possible angles of rotation on the axis considered. Namely, the minimum and maximum angles of rotation are graphed as functions of axis longitude and latitude. A FORTRAN 77 program SPHEREREGRESS is given which, under a variety of probabilistic models for the data, generates grid matrices which are used to draw contour maps of the minimum and maximum angles of rotation. ?? 1990.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Computers and Geosciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0098-3004(90)90127-F","issn":"00983004","usgsCitation":"Hanna, M., and Chang, T., 1990, On graphically representing the confidence region for an unknown rotation in three dimensions: Computers & Geosciences, v. 16, no. 2, p. 163-194, https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(90)90127-F.","startPage":"163","endPage":"194","numberOfPages":"32","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266174,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(90)90127-F"},{"id":223481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6d99e4b0c8380cd75202","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanna, M.S.","contributorId":18512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanna","given":"M.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chang, T.","contributorId":37067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}