Simply stated, groundwater recharge is the addition of water to the groundwater system. Most of the water that is potentially available for recharging the groundwater system in Montgomery and adjacent counties in southeast Texas moves relatively rapidly from land surface to surface-water bodies and sustains streamflow, lake levels, and wetlands. Recharge in southeast Texas is generally balanced by evapotranspiration, discharge to surface waters, and the downward movement of water into deeper parts of the groundwater system; however, this balance can be altered locally by groundwater withdrawals, impervious surfaces, land use, precipitation variability, or climate, resulting in increased or decreased rates of recharge. Recharge rates were compared to the 1971–2000 normal annual precipitation measured Cooperative Weather Station 411956, Conroe, Tex.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20133043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Oden, T., and Delin, G.N., 2013, Groundwater recharge to the Gulf Coast aquifer system in Montgomery and Adjacent Counties, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2013-3043, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20133043.","productDescription":"6 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276707,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs20133043.gif"},{"id":276706,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3043/pdf/fs2013-3043.pdf"},{"id":276705,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2013/3043/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96.25,29.916667 ], [ -96.25,30.833333 ], [ -95.0,30.833333 ], [ -95.0,29.916667 ], [ -96.25,29.916667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f3beae4b0fc50304bc488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oden, Timothy D. toden@usgs.gov","contributorId":1284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oden","given":"Timothy D.","email":"toden@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":482669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delin, Geoffrey N. 0000-0001-7991-6158 delin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-6158","contributorId":2610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delin","given":"Geoffrey","email":"delin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":5063,"text":"Central Water Science Field Team","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047658,"text":"70047658 - 2013 - Trajectory of the arctic as an integrated system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-23T10:21:46","indexId":"70047658","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-16T13:54:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trajectory of the arctic as an integrated system","docAbstract":"Although much remains to be learned about the Arctic and its component processes, many of the most urgent scientific, engineering, and social questions can only be approached through a broader system perspective. Here, we address interactions between components of the Arctic System and assess feedbacks and the extent to which feedbacks (1) are now underway in the Arctic; and (2) will shape the future trajectory of the Arctic system. We examine interdependent connections among atmospheric processes, oceanic processes, sea-ice dynamics, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, land surface stocks of carbon and water, glaciers and ice caps, and the Greenland ice sheet. Our emphasis on the interactions between components, both historical and anticipated, is targeted on the feedbacks, pathways, and processes that link these different components of the Arctic system. We present evidence that the physical components of the Arctic climate system are currently in extreme states, and that there is no indication that the system will deviate from this anomalous trajectory in the foreseeable future. The feedback for which the evidence of ongoing changes is most compelling is the surface albedo-temperature feedback, which is amplifying temperature changes over land (primarily in spring) and ocean (primarily in autumn-winter). Other feedbacks likely to emerge are those in which key processes include surface fluxes of trace gases, changes in the distribution of vegetation, changes in surface soil moisture, changes in atmospheric water vapor arising from higher temperatures and greater areas of open ocean, impacts of Arctic freshwater fluxes on the meridional overturning circulation of the ocean, and changes in Arctic clouds resulting from changes in water vapor content.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/11-1498.1","usgsCitation":"Hinzman, L., Deal, C., McGuire, A.D., Mernild, S.H., Polyakov, I.V., and Walsh, J., 2013, Trajectory of the arctic as an integrated system: Ecological Applications, v. 23, no. 8, p. 1837-1868, https://doi.org/10.1890/11-1498.1.","productDescription":"32 p.","startPage":"1837","endPage":"1868","ipdsId":"IP-032431","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276704,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276701,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1498.1"}],"volume":"23","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f3bece4b0fc50304bc498","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hinzman, Larry","contributorId":91008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hinzman","given":"Larry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deal, Clara","contributorId":73908,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deal","given":"Clara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, Anthony D. 0000-0003-4646-0750 ffadm@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4646-0750","contributorId":2493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Anthony","email":"ffadm@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mernild, Sebastian H.","contributorId":102776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mernild","given":"Sebastian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Polyakov, Igor V.","contributorId":18256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Polyakov","given":"Igor","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Walsh, John E.","contributorId":81784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"John E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70047659,"text":"70047659 - 2013 - Response of global soil consumption of atmospheric methane to changes in atmospheric climate and nitrogen deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-23T14:29:03","indexId":"70047659","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-16T13:41:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response of global soil consumption of atmospheric methane to changes in atmospheric climate and nitrogen deposition","docAbstract":"Soil consumption of atmospheric methane plays an important secondary role in regulating the atmospheric CH4 budget, next to the dominant loss mechanism involving reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH). Here we used a process-based biogeochemistry model to quantify soil consumption during the 20th and 21st centuries. We estimated that global soils consumed 32–36 Tg CH4 yr−1 during the 1990s. Natural ecosystems accounted for 84% of the total consumption, and agricultural ecosystems only consumed 5 Tg CH4 yr−1 in our estimations. During the twentieth century, the consumption rates increased at 0.03–0.20 Tg CH4 yr−2 with seasonal amplitudes increasing from 1.44 to 3.13 Tg CH4 month−1. Deserts, shrublands, and xeric woodlands were the largest sinks. Atmospheric CH4 concentrations and soil moisture exerted significant effects on the soil consumption while nitrogen deposition had a moderate effect. During the 21st century, the consumption is predicted to increase at 0.05-1.0 Tg CH4 yr−2, and total consumption will reach 45–140 Tg CH4 yr−1 at the end of the 2090s, varying under different future climate scenarios. Dry areas will persist as sinks, boreal ecosystems will become stronger sinks, mainly due to increasing soil temperatures. Nitrogen deposition will modestly reduce the future sink strength at the global scale. When we incorporated the estimated global soil consumption into our chemical transport model simulations, we found that nitrogen deposition suppressed the total methane sink by 26 Tg during the period 1998–2004, resulting in 6.6 ppb higher atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios compared to without considering nitrogen deposition effects. On average, a cumulative increase of every 1 Tg soil CH4 consumption decreased atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios by 0.26 ppb during the period 1998–2004.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/gbc.20057","usgsCitation":"Zhuang, Q., Chen, M., Xu, K., Tang, J., Saikawa, E., Lu, Y., Melillo, J.M., Prinn, R.G., and McGuire, A., 2013, Response of global soil consumption of atmospheric methane to changes in atmospheric climate and nitrogen deposition: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 27, no. 3, p. 650-663, https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20057.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"650","endPage":"663","numberOfPages":"14","ipdsId":"IP-042134","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473596,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20057","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":276699,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276697,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gbc.20057"}],"volume":"27","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-08-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f3bebe4b0fc50304bc490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhuang, Qianlai","contributorId":101975,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhuang","given":"Qianlai","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Min","contributorId":56140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Min","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Xu, Kai","contributorId":23426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xu","given":"Kai","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tang, Jinyun","contributorId":88257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tang","given":"Jinyun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Saikawa, Eri","contributorId":69454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saikawa","given":"Eri","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lu, Yanyu","contributorId":51190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lu","given":"Yanyu","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Melillo, Jerry M.","contributorId":87847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Prinn, Ronald G.","contributorId":69046,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prinn","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McGuire, A. David","contributorId":18494,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70047655,"text":"70047655 - 2013 - Flow variation and substrate type affect dislodgement of the freshwater polychaete, Manayunkia speciosa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-16T13:50:31","indexId":"70047655","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-16T13:39:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Flow variation and substrate type affect dislodgement of the freshwater polychaete, Manayunkia speciosa","docAbstract":"We quantified microscale flow forces and their ability to entrain the freshwater polychaete, Manayunkia speciosa, the intermediate host for 2 myxozoan parasites (Ceratomyxa shasta and Parvicapsula minibicornis) that cause substantial mortalities in salmonid fishes in the Pacific Northwest. In a laboratory flume, we measured the shear stress associated with 2 mean flow velocities and 3 substrates and quantified associated dislodgement of polychaetes, evaluated survivorship of dislodged polychaetes, and observed behavioral responses of the polychaetes in response to increased flow. We used a generalized linear mixed model to estimate the probability of polychaete dislodgement for treatment combinations of velocity (mean flow velocity = 55 cm/s with a shear velocity = 3 cm/s, mean flow velocity = 140 cm/s with a shear velocity = 5 cm/s) and substrate type (depositional sediments and analogs of rock faces and the filamentous alga, Cladophora). Few polychaetes were dislodged at shear velocities <3 cm/s on any substrate. Above this level of shear, probability of dislodgement was strongly affected by both substrate type and velocity. After accounting for substrate, odds of dislodgement were 8× greater at the higher flow. After accounting for velocity, probability of dislodgement was greatest from fine sediments, intermediate from rock faces, and negligible from Cladophora. Survivorship of dislodged polychaetes was high. Polychaetes exhibited a variety of behaviors for avoiding increases in flow, including extrusion of mucus, burrowing into sediments, and movement to lower-flow microhabitats. Our findings suggest that polychaete populations probably exhibit high resilience to flow-mediated disturbances.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Society for Freshwater Science","doi":"10.1899/12-140.1","usgsCitation":"Malakauskas, D.M., Wilson, S.J., Wilzbach, M.A., and Som, N.A., 2013, Flow variation and substrate type affect dislodgement of the freshwater polychaete, Manayunkia speciosa: Freshwater Science, v. 32, no. 3, p. 862-873, https://doi.org/10.1899/12-140.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"862","endPage":"873","numberOfPages":"12","ipdsId":"IP-040986","costCenters":[{"id":150,"text":"California Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276700,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276698,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/12-140.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Klamath River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.58947,41.837985 ], [ -122.58947,41.8622 ], [ -122.551101,41.8622 ], [ -122.551101,41.837985 ], [ -122.58947,41.837985 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"32","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f3be9e4b0fc50304bc480","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Malakauskas, David M.","contributorId":43247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malakauskas","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Sarah J.","contributorId":37238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilzbach, Margaret A.","contributorId":76981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilzbach","given":"Margaret","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Som, Nicholas A.","contributorId":36039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Som","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047660,"text":"70047660 - 2013 - No trespassing: using a biofence to manipulate wolf movements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-16T13:30:01","indexId":"70047660","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-16T13:27:26","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"No trespassing: using a biofence to manipulate wolf movements","docAbstract":"Context: Conserving large carnivores can be challenging because of conflicts with human land use and competition with humans for resources. Predation on domestic stock can have negative economic impacts particularly for owners of small herds, and tools for minimising carnivore depredation of livestock are needed. Canids use scent marking to establish territories and avoid intraspecific conflict. Exploiting scent-marking behaviour may provide a means for manipulating canid movements. Aims: We hypothesised that human-deployed scent marks (i.e. ‘biofence’) could be used to manipulate the movements of grey wolves (Canis lupus) in Idaho, USA. Methods: We deployed 65 km of biofence within three wolf-pack territories during summer 2010 and 2011 and used location data from satellite-collared wolves and sign surveys to assess the effectiveness of biofencing. Key results: Location data provided by satellite-collared wolves and sign surveys in 2010 showed little to no trespass of the biofence, even though the excluded areas were used by the packs in previous summers. We also opportunistically deployed a biofence in between a rendezvous site of a resident pack and a nearby sheep grazing allotment; the pack was not implicated in any depredations in summer 2010, even though they had killed sheep every year since 2006. Location data provided by satellite-collared wolves in summer 2011 showed that wolves did trespass biofences. Conclusions: Biofencing effectively manipulated the movements of wolves in the first year of our study, but not the second. Implications: Our work suggests that biofencing may be most limited by the apparent necessity to maintain a continuous presence once the biofence is established. The inherent labour and costs associated with such efforts may limit the usefulness of biofencing. Our work can be improved on through further testing that maintains biofencing over a longer timeframe (>3 months), samples several animals per treatment pack, and uses a treatment and control design.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","doi":"10.1071/WR12176","usgsCitation":"Ausband, D., Mitchell, M.S., Bassing, S.B., and White, C., 2013, No trespassing: using a biofence to manipulate wolf movements: Wildlife Research, v. 40, no. 3, p. 207-216, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR12176.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"207","endPage":"216","ipdsId":"IP-048940","costCenters":[{"id":399,"text":"Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276695,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276694,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WR12176"}],"volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f3bebe4b0fc50304bc48c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ausband, David E.","contributorId":51441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ausband","given":"David E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mitchell, Michael S. 0000-0002-0773-6905 mmitchel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0773-6905","contributorId":3716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitchell","given":"Michael","email":"mmitchel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bassing, Sarah B.","contributorId":81006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bassing","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, Craig","contributorId":94203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Craig","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047661,"text":"gq1766 - 2013 - Geologic map of the Lead Mountain 15’ quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-05T14:57:01.008193","indexId":"gq1766","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-16T13:18:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":316,"text":"Geologic Quadrangle","code":"GQ","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1766","title":"Geologic map of the Lead Mountain 15’ quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California","docAbstract":"The Lead Mountain 15’ quadrangle in the Mojave Desert contains a record of Jurassic, Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary magmatism. Small amounts of Mesoproterozoic(?) augen gneiss and Paleozoic and Mesozoic(?) metasedimentary rocks are preserved in small patches; they are intruded by voluminous Jurassic plutons of quartz diorite to granite composition and by Late Cretaceous granite of the Cadiz Valley batholith. Jurassic intrusive rocks include part of the Bullion Mountain Intrusive Suite and also younger dikes inferred to be part of the Jurassic Independence dike swarm. A contact-metamorphosed aureole 2 km wide in the Jurassic plutonic rocks fringes the Cadiz Valley batholith. Early Miocene dacitic magmatism produced a dense swarm of dikes in the eastern Bullion Mountains and the volcanic-intrusive remnant of a volcano at Lead Mountain. Tilting of the dike swarm from inferred vertical orientations may have resulted from Miocene tectonic extension. Conglomerate of Pliocene and (or) Miocene age is also tilted. Younger volcanism is recorded by Pliocene basalt of the Deadman Lake volcanic field, basalt of Lead Mountain (approximately 0.36 Ma), and the even younger basalt of Amboy. Quaternary sedimentation built alluvial fans and filled playas in the map area. Faulting in the dextral eastern California shear zone produced several northwest-striking faults in the quadrangle, some of them active into the Pleistocene and some that may have many kilometers of right-lateral offset.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/gq1766","usgsCitation":"Howard, K.A., Jagiello, K.J., Fitzgibbon, T.T., and John, B.E., 2013, Geologic map of the Lead Mountain 15’ quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle 1766, Pamphlet: ii, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 30.68 × 33.11 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gq1766.","productDescription":"Pamphlet: ii, 17 p.; 1 Plate: 30.68 × 33.11 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276691,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1766/pdf/gq1766_sheet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":276689,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1766/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":276690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gq/1766/pdf/gq1766_pamphlet.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":276692,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gq1766.JPG"},{"id":398882,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_98797.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"62500","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Bernardino County","otherGeospatial":"Lead Mountain 15' quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 34.25\n ],\n [\n -115.75,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.5\n ],\n [\n -116,\n 34.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f3beae4b0fc50304bc484","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Howard, Keith A. 0000-0002-6462-2947 khoward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6462-2947","contributorId":3439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"Keith","email":"khoward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jagiello, Keith J.","contributorId":13516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagiello","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fitzgibbon, Todd T.","contributorId":81126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzgibbon","given":"Todd","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"John, Barbara E.","contributorId":94186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"John","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047647,"text":"ofr20131229 - 2013 - Review of a model to assess stranding of juvenile salmon by ship wakes along the Lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-16T11:13:18","indexId":"ofr20131229","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-16T11:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1229","title":"Review of a model to assess stranding of juvenile salmon by ship wakes along the Lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"Long period wake waves from deep draft vessels have been shown to strand small fish, particularly juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tschawytcha, in the lower Columbia River (LCR). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for maintaining the shipping channel in the LCR and recently conducted dredging operations to deepen the shipping channel from an authorized depth of 40 feet(ft) to an authorized depth of 43 ft (in areas where rapid shoaling was expected, dredging operations were used to increase the channel depth to 48 ft). A model was developed to estimate stranding probabilities for juvenile salmon under the 40- and 43-ft channel scenarios, to determine if channel deepening was going to affect wake stranding (Assessment of potential stranding of juvenile salmon by ship wakes along the Lower Columbia River under scenarios of ship traffic and channel depth: Report prepared for the Portland District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland, Oregon). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers funded the U.S. Geological Survey to review this model. A total of 30 review questions were provided to guide the review process, and these questions are addressed in this report. In general, we determined that the analyses by Pearson (2011) were appropriate given the data available. We did identify two areas where additional information could have been provided: (1) a more thorough description of model diagnostics and model selection would have been useful for the reader to better understand the model framework; and (2) model uncertainty should have been explicitly described and reported in the document. Stranding probability estimates between the 40- and 43-ft channel depths were minimally different under most of the scenarios that were examined by Pearson (2011), and a discussion of the effects of uncertainty given these minimal differences would have been useful. Ultimately, however, a stochastic (or simulation) model would provide the best opportunity to illustrate uncertainty within a given set of model predictions, but such an approach would require a substantial amount of additional data collection. Several review questions focused on the accuracy and precision of the model estimates, but we were unable to address these questions because of the limited data that currently exists regarding wake stranding in the LCR. Additional field studies will be required to validate findings from Pearson (2011), if concerns regarding accuracy and precision remain a priority. Although the Pearson (2011) model provided a useful examination of stranding under pre-construction and post-construction conditions, future research will be required to better understand the effects of wake stranding on juvenile salmonids throughout the entire LCR. If additional information on wake stranding is desired in the future, the following topics may be of interest: (1) spatial examination of wake stranding throughout the entire LCR; (2) additional evaluation of juvenile salmonid behavior and population dynamics; (3) assessing and integrating predicted changes in ship development; and (4) assessing and integrating predicted changes in climate on environmental factors known to cause stranding.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131229","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Kock, T.J., Plumb, J.M., and Adams, N.S., 2013, Review of a model to assess stranding of juvenile salmon by ship wakes along the Lower Columbia River, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1229, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131229.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276680,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131229.jpg"},{"id":276678,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1229/"},{"id":276679,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1229/pdf/ofr20131229.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon;Washington","otherGeospatial":"Columbia River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.1739,45.5391 ], [ -124.1739,48.9995 ], [ -117.6306,48.9995 ], [ -117.6306,45.5391 ], [ -124.1739,45.5391 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f3bece4b0fc50304bc494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kock, Tobias J. 0000-0001-8976-0230 tkock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-0230","contributorId":3038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"Tobias","email":"tkock@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plumb, John M. 0000-0003-4255-1612 jplumb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-1612","contributorId":3569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumb","given":"John","email":"jplumb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Noah S. 0000-0002-8354-0293 nadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8354-0293","contributorId":3521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Noah","email":"nadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047638,"text":"70047638 - 2013 - Clarity versus complexity: land-use modeling as a practical tool for decision-makers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-13T15:41:08","indexId":"70047638","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-16T08:14:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Clarity versus complexity: land-use modeling as a practical tool for decision-makers","docAbstract":"The last decade has seen a remarkable increase in the number of modeling tools available to examine future land-use and land-cover (LULC) change. Integrated modeling frameworks, agent-based models, cellular automata approaches, and other modeling techniques have substantially improved the representation of complex LULC systems, with each method using a different strategy to address complexity. However, despite the development of new and better modeling tools, the use of these tools is limited for actual planning, decision-making, or policy-making purposes. LULC modelers have become very adept at creating tools for modeling LULC change, but complicated models and lack of transparency limit their utility for decision-makers. The complicated nature of many LULC models also makes it impractical or even impossible to perform a rigorous analysis of modeling uncertainty. This paper provides a review of land-cover modeling approaches and the issues causes by the complicated nature of models, and provides suggestions to facilitate the increased use of LULC models by decision-makers and other stakeholders. The utility of LULC models themselves can be improved by 1) providing model code and documentation, 2) through the use of scenario frameworks to frame overall uncertainties, 3) improving methods for generalizing key LULC processes most important to stakeholders, and 4) adopting more rigorous standards for validating models and quantifying uncertainty. Communication with decision-makers and other stakeholders can be improved by increasing stakeholder participation in all stages of the modeling process, increasing the transparency of model structure and uncertainties, and developing user-friendly decision-support systems to bridge the link between LULC science and policy. By considering these options, LULC science will be better positioned to support decision-makers and increase real-world application of LULC modeling results.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Environmental Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.027","usgsCitation":"Sohl, T.L., and Claggett, P.R., 2013, Clarity versus complexity: land-use modeling as a practical tool for decision-makers: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 129, p. 235-243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.027.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"235","endPage":"243","ipdsId":"IP-042214","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276664,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276663,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.027"}],"volume":"129","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520f3be8e4b0fc50304bc47c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohl, Terry L. 0000-0002-9771-4231 sohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9771-4231","contributorId":648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohl","given":"Terry","email":"sohl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Claggett, Peter R. 0000-0002-5335-2857 pclaggett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5335-2857","contributorId":176287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claggett","given":"Peter","email":"pclaggett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70047636,"text":"ofr20131137 - 2013 - Water resources and shale gas/oil production in the Appalachian Basin: critical issues and evolving developments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-10-30T13:09:01","indexId":"ofr20131137","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T14:20:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1137","title":"Water resources and shale gas/oil production in the Appalachian Basin: critical issues and evolving developments","docAbstract":"Unconventional natural gas and oil resources in the United States are important components of a national energy program. While the Nation seeks greater energy independence and greener sources of energy, Federal agencies with environmental responsibilities, state and local regulators and water-resource agencies, and citizens throughout areas of unconventional shale gas development have concerns about the environmental effects of high volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF), including those in the Appalachian Basin in the northeastern United States (fig. 1). Environmental concerns posing critical challenges include the availability and use of surface water and groundwater for hydraulic fracturing; the migration of stray gas and potential effects on overlying aquifers; the potential for flowback, formation fluids, and other wastes to contaminate surface water and groundwater; and the effects from drill pads, roads, and pipeline infrastructure on land disturbance in small watersheds and headwater streams (U.S. Government Printing Office, 2012). Federal, state, regional and local agencies, along with the gas industry, are striving to use the best science and technology to develop these unconventional resources in an environmentally safe manner. Some of these concerns were addressed in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Fact Sheet 2009–3032 (Soeder and Kappel, 2009) about potential critical effects on water resources associated with the development of gas extraction from the Marcellus Shale of the Hamilton Group (Ver Straeten and others, 1994). Since that time, (1) the extraction process has evolved, (2) environmental awareness related to high-volume hydraulic fracturing process has increased, (3) state regulations concerning gas well drilling have been modified, and (4) the practices used by industry to obtain, transport, recover, treat, recycle, and ultimately dispose of the spent fluids and solid waste materials have evolved. This report updates and expands on Fact Sheet 2009–3032 and presents new information regarding selected aspects of unconventional shale gas development in the Appalachian Basin (primarily Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York). This document was prepared by the USGS, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, and reviews the evolving technical advances and scientific studies made in the Appalachian Basin between 2009 and the present (2013), addressing past and current issues for oil and gas development in the region.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., Williams, J., and Szabo, Z., 2013, Water resources and shale gas/oil production in the Appalachian Basin: critical issues and evolving developments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1137, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131137.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276656,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131137.gif"},{"id":276654,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1137/"},{"id":276655,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1137/pdf/ofr2013-1137.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryl;New York;Ohio;Pennsylvania;Virginia;West Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Appalachian Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -83.02,37.59 ], [ -83.02,43.14 ], [ -74.38,43.14 ], [ -74.38,37.59 ], [ -83.02,37.59 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520dea5be4b08494c3cb05bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, John 0000-0002-6054-6908 jhwillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-6908","contributorId":1553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"John","email":"jhwillia@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szabo, Zoltan 0000-0002-0760-9607 zszabo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9607","contributorId":2240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Zoltan","email":"zszabo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":482603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047635,"text":"fs20133040 - 2013 - The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Rhode Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-17T16:14:28","indexId":"fs20133040","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T14:09:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-3040","title":"The 3D Elevation Program: summary for Rhode Island","docAbstract":"Elevation data are essential to a broad range of applications, including forest resources management, wildlife and habitat management, national security, recreation, and many others. For the State of Rhode Island, elevation data are critical for flood risk management, natural resources conservation, coastal zone management, sea level rise and subsidence, agriculture and precision farming, and other business uses. Today, high-quality light detection and ranging (lidar) data are the sources for creating elevation models and other elevation datasets. Federal, State, and local agencies work in partnership to (1) replace data, on a national basis, that are (on average) 30 years old and of lower quality and (2) provide coverage where publicly accessible data do not exist. A joint goal of State and Federal partners is to acquire consistent, statewide coverage to support existing and emerging applications enabled by lidar data. The new 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) initiative (Snyder, 2012a,b), managed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), responds to the growing need for high-quality topographic data and a wide range of other three-dimensional representations of the Nation’s natural and constructed features.
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Biocrusts—soil communities consisting of cyanobacteria, mosses, and lichens—can cover up to 70% of the ground in these ecosystems (see the figure, panel A) (2). The crucial role played by these and other very small organisms in nutrient, carbon, and water cycles has become increasingly clear in the past few decades (2, 3). Soil stability and the composition and performance of vascular plant communities also depend on biocrust health and activity. Yet, little is known about the identity, biology, ecophysiology, or distribution of the microbial components that dominate biocrusts (4, 5). Data are also needed to understand how they will respond to climate change. On page 1574 of this issue, Garcia-Pichel et al. (6) take a first step in filling this data gap.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1240318","usgsCitation":"Belnap, J., 2013, Some like it hot, some not!: Science, v. 340, no. 6140, p. 1533-1534, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1240318.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1533","endPage":"1534","ipdsId":"IP-046081","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276623,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276619,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1240318"}],"volume":"340","issue":"6140","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520dea59e4b08494c3cb05b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belnap, Jayne 0000-0001-7471-2279 jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7471-2279","contributorId":1332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belnap","given":"Jayne","email":"jayne_belnap@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047618,"text":"70047618 - 2013 - Nest guarding by female Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind-energy facility near Palm Springs, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-15T08:29:15","indexId":"70047618","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T08:14:49","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nest guarding by female Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind-energy facility near Palm Springs, California","docAbstract":"We observed behavior consistent with nest-guarding in Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at two nests in a large wind-energy-generation facility near Palm Springs, California, locally known as the Mesa Wind Farm. As researchers approached the nests, female desert tortoises moved to the entrance of their burrows and positioned themselves sideways, directly over their nests. One female stretched her limbs outward and wedged herself into the burrow (her plastron directly above the nest). Guarding of nests is rarely observed in Agassiz's desert tortoise but can occur as a result of attempted predation on eggs by Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum) or in direct response to the perceived threat posed by researchers. This is the first report of nest-guarding for G. agassizii in the Sonoran Desert ecosystem of California.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Southwestern Association of Naturalists","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.254","usgsCitation":"Agha, M., Lovich, J.E., Ennen, J., and Wilcox, E., 2013, Nest guarding by female Agassiz's desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at a wind-energy facility near Palm Springs, California: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 58, no. 2, p. 254-257, https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.254.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"254","endPage":"257","ipdsId":"IP-033411","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276620,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-58.2.254"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Palm Springs","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.684848,33.611126 ], [ -116.684848,33.932139 ], [ -116.443046,33.932139 ], [ -116.443046,33.611126 ], [ -116.684848,33.611126 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"58","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520dea58e4b08494c3cb05af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Agha, Mickey","contributorId":22235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Agha","given":"Mickey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":482545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ennen, Joshua R.","contributorId":60368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ennen","given":"Joshua R.","affiliations":[{"id":13216,"text":"Tennessee Aquarium Conservation Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":482546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wilcox, Ethan","contributorId":103957,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilcox","given":"Ethan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047615,"text":"70047615 - 2013 - An automated cross-correlation based event detection technique and its application to surface passive data set","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-15T08:05:45","indexId":"70047615","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-15T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1806,"text":"Geophysical Prospecting","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated cross-correlation based event detection technique and its application to surface passive data set","docAbstract":"In studies on heavy oil, shale reservoirs, tight gas and enhanced geothermal systems, the use of surface passive seismic data to monitor induced microseismicity due to the fluid flow in the subsurface is becoming more common. However, in most studies passive seismic records contain days and months of data and manually analysing the data can be expensive and inaccurate. Moreover, in the presence of noise, detecting the arrival of weak microseismic events becomes challenging. Hence, the use of an automated, accurate and computationally fast technique for event detection in passive seismic data is essential. The conventional automatic event identification algorithm computes a running-window energy ratio of the short-term average to the long-term average of the passive seismic data for each trace. We show that for the common case of a low signal-to-noise ratio in surface passive records, the conventional method is not sufficiently effective at event identification. Here, we extend the conventional algorithm by introducing a technique that is based on the cross-correlation of the energy ratios computed by the conventional method. With our technique we can measure the similarities amongst the computed energy ratios at different traces. Our approach is successful at improving the detectability of events with a low signal-to-noise ratio that are not detectable with the conventional algorithm. Also, our algorithm has the advantage to identify if an event is common to all stations (a regional event) or to a limited number of stations (a local event). We provide examples of applying our technique to synthetic data and a field surface passive data set recorded at a geothermal site.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Prospecting","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.12033","usgsCitation":"Forghani-Arani, F., Behura, J., Haines, S.S., and Batzle, M., 2013, An automated cross-correlation based event detection technique and its application to surface passive data set: Geophysical Prospecting, v. 61, no. 4, p. 778-787, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12033.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"778","endPage":"787","ipdsId":"IP-030871","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276621,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":276615,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.12033"}],"volume":"61","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520dea4fe4b08494c3cb05a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Forghani-Arani, Farnoush","contributorId":7588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forghani-Arani","given":"Farnoush","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Behura, Jyoti","contributorId":103948,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behura","given":"Jyoti","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Batzle, Mike","contributorId":102766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Batzle","given":"Mike","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70047611,"text":"sir20135130 - 2013 - Water levels in the aquifers of the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, February–March 2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-14T14:54:30","indexId":"sir20135130","displayToPublicDate":"2013-08-14T14:05:00","publicationYear":"2013","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5130","title":"Water levels in the aquifers of the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, February–March 2011","docAbstract":"The aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation in southwestern Arkansas and the Nacatoch Sand in northeastern Arkansas are sources of water for industrial, public supply, domestic, and agricultural uses. Potentiometric-surface maps were constructed from water-level measurements made in 47 wells completed in the Nacatoch Sand and 45 wells completed in the Tokio Formation during February and March 2011. Aquifers in the Nacatoch Sand and Tokio Formation are hereafter referred to as the Nacatoch aquifer and the Tokio aquifer, respectively. The direction of groundwater flow in the Nacatoch aquifer in southwestern Arkansas is towards the southeast in Hempstead, Little River, and Miller Counties and east-southeast in Clark and Nevada Counties. A potentiometric high is located within the outcrop area of north-central Hempstead County. Two cones of depression exist in the Nacatoch aquifer, one at Hope in southeastern Hempstead County and one in Clark County. The direction of groundwater flow in the Nacatoch aquifer in northeastern Arkansas generally is towards the southeast. A potentiometric high in the study area is located along the north and northwestern boundaries of the area, but water levels may be higher outside the study area. In northeastern Arkansas, groundwater withdrawals from the Nacatoch aquifer increased by 564 percent from 1965 to 2010. In southwestern Arkansas, groundwater withdrawals from the Nacatoch Sand increased by 125 percent from 1965 to 1980, and withdrawals decreased by 85 percent from 1980 to 2010. In southwestern Arkansas, groundwater withdrawals from the Tokio aquifer increased by 201 percent from 1965 to 1980, and withdrawals decreased by 81 percent from 1980 to 2000. Withdrawals from the Tokio aquifer increased by 291 percent from 2000 to 2005, and withdrawals decreased by 32 percent from 2005 to 2010. The direction of groundwater flow in the Tokio aquifer in southwestern Arkansas generally is towards the south or southeast. The potentiometric high is within the outcrop area in the northern part of the area. Artesian flow exists or is inferred in southeastern Pike, northeastern Hempstead, and northwestern Nevada Counties. One apparent cone of depression might exist northwest of Hope in Hempstead County.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Schrader, T., and Rodgers, K.D., 2013, Water levels in the aquifers of the Nacatoch Sand of southwestern and northeastern Arkansas and the Tokio Formation of southwestern Arkansas, February–March 2011: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5130, iv, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135130.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":276614,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135130.gif"},{"id":276613,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5130/pdf/sir2013-5130.pdf"},{"id":276612,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5130/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.62,33.0 ], [ -94.62,36.5 ], [ -89.64,36.5 ], [ -89.64,33.0 ], [ -94.62,33.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"520c98e1e4b081fa6136d3ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schrader, T.P.","contributorId":56300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schrader","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodgers, Kirk D. 0000-0003-4322-2781 krodgers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-2781","contributorId":4946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodgers","given":"Kirk","email":"krodgers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}