{"pageNumber":"1417","pageRowStart":"35400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184724,"records":[{"id":70057648,"text":"ofr20131274 - 2014 - Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-15T09:02:59","indexId":"ofr20131274","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-14T09:54:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1274","title":"Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2012","docAbstract":"<p>Streamflow and concentrations of sodium and chloride estimated from records of specific conductance were used to calculate loads of sodium and chloride during water year (WY) 2012 (October 1, 2011, through September 30, 2012), for tributaries to the Scituate Reservoir, Rhode Island. Streamflow and water-quality data used in the study were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) or the Providence Water Supply Board (PWSB). Streamflow was measured or estimated by the USGS following standard methods at 23 streamgages; 14 of these streamgages were equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring water level, specific conductance, and water temperature. Water-quality samples were collected at 37 sampling stations by the PWSB and at 14 continuous-record streamgages by the USGS during WY 2012 as part of a long-term sampling program; all stations were in the Scituate Reservoir drainage area. Water-quality data collected by the PWSB were summarized by using values of central tendency and used, in combination with measured (or estimated) streamflows, to calculate loads and yields (loads per unit area) of selected water-quality constituents for WY 2012.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The largest tributary to the reservoir (the Ponaganset River, which was monitored by the USGS) contributed a mean streamflow of about 26 cubic feet per second (ft<sup>3</sup>/s) to the reservoir during WY 2012. For the same time period, annual mean1 streamflows measured (or estimated) for the other monitoring stations in this study ranged from about 0.40 to about 17 ft<sup>3</sup>/s. Together, tributaries (equipped with instrumentation capable of continuously monitoring specific conductance) transported about 1,100,000 kilograms (kg) of sodium and 1,900,000 kg of chloride to the Scituate Reservoir during WY 2012; sodium and chloride yields for the tributaries ranged from 8,700 to 51,000 kilograms per square mile (kg/mi<sup>2</sup>) and from 14,000 to 87,000 kg/mi<sup>2</sup>, respectively.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>At the stations where water-quality samples were collected by the PWSB, the median of the median chloride concentrations was 19 milligrams per liter (mg/L), median nitrite concentration was 0.002 mg/L as nitrogen (N), median nitrate concentration was less than 0.01 mg/L as N, median orthophosphate concentration was 0.06 mg/L as phosphorus, and median concentrations of total coliform and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria were 43 and 16 colony forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100mL), respectively. The medians of the median daily loads (and yields) of chloride, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and total coliform and E. coli bacteria were 200 kilograms per day (kg/d) (71 kilograms per day per square mile (kg/d/mi<sup>2</sup>)); 15 grams per day (g/d) (5.4 grams per day per square mile (g/d/mi<sup>2</sup>)); 100 g/d (38 g/d/mi<sup>2</sup>); 500 g/d (260 g/d/mi<sup>2</sup>); 4,300 million colony forming units per day (CFUx10<sup>6</sup>/d) (1,500 CFUx10<sup>6</sup>/d/mi<sup>2</sup>); and 1,000 CFUx10<sup>6</sup>/d (360 CFUx10<sup>6</sup>/d/mi<sup>2</sup>), respectively.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131274","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Providence Water Supply Board","usgsCitation":"Smith, K.P., 2014, Streamflow, water quality, and constituent loads and yields, Scituate Reservoir drainage area, Rhode Island, water year 2012 (First posted January 14, 2014; Revised and reposted July 14, 2014, version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1274, v, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131274.","productDescription":"v, 30 p.","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2011-10-01","temporalEnd":"2012-09-30","ipdsId":"IP-045370","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280969,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131274.jpg"},{"id":280968,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1274/pdf/ofr2013-1274.pdf"},{"id":280967,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1274/"}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","otherGeospatial":"Scituate Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.8,41.7 ], [ -71.8,41.9 ], [ -71.5,41.9 ], [ -71.5,41.7 ], [ -71.8,41.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"First posted January 14, 2014; Revised and reposted July 14, 2014, version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d65d7be4b0b566e996b363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Kirk P. 0000-0003-0269-474X kpsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-474X","contributorId":1516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Kirk","email":"kpsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156439,"text":"70156439 - 2014 - Identification of evolutionary hotspots based on genetic data from multiple terrestrial and aquatic taxa and gap analysis of hotspots in protected lands encompassed by the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-30T13:58:16","indexId":"70156439","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Identification of evolutionary hotspots based on genetic data from multiple terrestrial and aquatic taxa and gap analysis of hotspots in protected lands encompassed by the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative.","docAbstract":"<p>&nbsp;The southeastern United States is a recognized hotspot of biodiversity for a variety of aquatic taxa, including fish, amphibians, and mollusks. Unfortunately, the great diversity of the area is accompanied by a large proportion of species at risk of extinction . Gap analysis was employed to assess the representation of evolutionary hotspots in protected lands w h ere an evolutionary hotspot was defined as an area with high evolutionary potential and measured by atypical patterns of genetic divergence, genetic diversity, and to a lesser extent genetic similarity across multiple terrestrial or aquatic taxa. A survey of the primary literature produced 16 terrestrial and 14 aquatic genetic datasets for estimation of genetic divergence and diversity. Relative genetic diversity and divergence values for each terrestrial and aquatic dataset were used for interpolation of multispecies genetic surfaces and subsequent visualization using ArcGIS. The multispecies surfaces interpolated from relative divergences and diversity data identified numerous evolutionary hotspots for both terrestrial and aquatic taxa , many of which were afforded some current protection. For instance, 14% of the cells identified as hotspots of aquatic diversity were encompassed by currently protected areas. Additionally, 25% of the highest 1% of terrestrial diversity cells were afforded some level of protection. In contrast, areas of high and low divergence among species, and areas of high variance in diversity were poorly represented in the protected lands. Of particular interest were two areas that were consistently identified by several different measures as important from a conservation perspective. These included an area encompassing the panhandle of Florida and southern Georgia near the Apalachicola National Forest (displaying varying levels of genetic divergence and greater than average levels of genetic diversity) and a large portion of the coastal regions of North and South Carolina (displaying low genetic divergence and greater than average levels of genetic diversity) . Our results show the utility o f genetic data sets for identifying cross - species patterns of genetic&nbsp;&nbsp;diversity and divergence (i.e., evolutionary hotspots) in aquatic and terrestrial environments for use in conservation design and delivery across the southeastern United States.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Robinson, J., Snider, M., Duke, J., and Moyer, G., 2014, Identification of evolutionary hotspots based on genetic data from multiple terrestrial and aquatic taxa and gap analysis of hotspots in protected lands encompassed by the South Atlantic Landscape Conservation Cooperative., 56 p.","productDescription":"56 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307144,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.02490234375,\n              36.55377524336086\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.51904296874999,\n              36.12900165569652\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5947265625,\n              32.59310597426537\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.18798828125,\n              29.869228848968312\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1220703125,\n              29.726222319395504\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.144287109375,\n              29.44916482692468\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.133544921875,\n              29.36302703778376\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.6611328125,\n              29.36302703778376\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.068115234375,\n              29.334298230315675\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.4306640625,\n              31.344254455668054\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.01318359375,\n              31.756196257571325\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.189453125,\n              33.284619968887704\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.3544921875,\n              33.47727218776036\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.981201171875,\n              34.63320791137959\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.08032226562499,\n              35.25459097465025\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.509033203125,\n              35.88014896488361\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.56396484375,\n              36.527294814546245\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.02490234375,\n              36.55377524336086\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7f176e4b0bc0bec09fdbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robinson, J.","contributorId":73723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Snider, M.","contributorId":146854,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Snider","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duke, J.","contributorId":146855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duke","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moyer, G.R.","contributorId":68979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moyer","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":569174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70049003,"text":"sim3274 - 2014 - Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T17:49:16","indexId":"sim3274","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T17:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3274","title":"Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana","docAbstract":"Digital flood-inundation maps for an 1.8-mile reach of the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana (Ind.) were created by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation. The inundation maps, which can be accessed through the USGS Flood Inundation Mapping Science Web site at http://water.usgs.gov/osw/flood_inundation/ depict estimates of the areal extent and depth of flooding corresponding to selectedwater levels (stages) at USGS streamgage 03371500, East Fork White River near Bedford, Ind. Current conditions for estimating near-real-time areas of inundation using USGS streamgage information may be obtained on the Internet at http://waterdata.usgs.gov/in/nwis/uv?site_no=03371500. In addition, information has been provided to the National Weather Service (NWS) for incorporation into their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) flood warning system (http://water.weather.gov/ahps/). The NWS forecasts flood hydrographs at many places that are often colocated with USGS streamgages, including the East Fork White River near Bedford, Ind. NWS-forecasted peak-stage information may be used in conjunction with the maps developed in this study to show predicted areas of flood inundation.\n\nFor this study, flood profiles were computed for the East Fork White River reach by means of a one-dimensional step-backwater model. The hydraulic model was calibrated by using the most current stage-discharge relations at USGS streamgage 03371500, East Fork White River near Bedford, Ind., and documented high-water marks from the flood of June 2008. The calibrated hydraulic model was then used to determine 20 water-surface profiles for flood stages at 1-foot intervals referenced to the streamgage datum and ranging from bankfull to the highest stage of the current stage-discharge rating curve. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system (GIS) digital elevation model (DEM, derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data having a 0.593-foot vertical accuracy) in order to delineate the area flooded at each water level.\n\nThe availability of these maps, along with Internet information regarding current stage from the USGS streamgage near Bedford, Ind., and forecasted stream stages from the NWS, provides emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood response activities such as evacuations and road closures, as well as for postflood recovery eforts.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3274","issn":"2329-132X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Fowler, K.K., 2014, Flood-inundation maps for the East Fork White River near Bedford, Indiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3274, Report: v, 8 p.; 20 Map Sheets; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3274.","productDescription":"Report: v, 8 p.; 20 Map Sheets; Downloads Directory","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045036","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280947,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3274.jpg"},{"id":280944,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/pdf/mapsheets/"},{"id":280945,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/images/mapsheets_jpg/"},{"id":280946,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/Downloads"},{"id":280942,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/"},{"id":280943,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3274/pdf/sim3274.pdf"}],"datum":"North American Vertical Datum 1988","country":"United States","state":"Indiana","city":"Bedford","otherGeospatial":"East Fork White River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86.533333,38.75 ], [ -86.533333,38.85 ], [ -86.383333,38.85 ], [ -86.383333,38.75 ], [ -86.533333,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bcae4b0f19e63d9b376","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fowler, Kathleen K. 0000-0002-0107-3848 kkfowler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0107-3848","contributorId":2439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fowler","given":"Kathleen","email":"kkfowler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70060020,"text":"ds815 - 2014 - Physiographic and land cover attributes of the Puget Lowland and the active streamflow gaging network, Puget Sound Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T16:57:35","indexId":"ds815","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T16:47:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"815","title":"Physiographic and land cover attributes of the Puget Lowland and the active streamflow gaging network, Puget Sound Basin","docAbstract":"Geospatial information for the active streamflow gaging network in the Puget Sound Basin was compiled to support regional monitoring of stormwater effects to small streams. The compilation includes drainage area boundaries and physiographic and land use attributes that affect hydrologic processes. Three types of boundaries were used to tabulate attributes: Puget Sound Watershed Characterization analysis units (AU); the drainage area of active streamflow gages; and the catchments of Regional Stream Monitoring Program (RSMP) sites. The active streamflow gaging network generally includes sites that represent the ranges of attributes for lowland AUs, although there are few sites with low elevations (less than 60 meters), low precipitation (less than 1 meter year), or high stream density (greater than 5 kilometers per square kilometers). The active streamflow gaging network can serve to provide streamflow information in some AUs and RSMP sites, particularly where the streamflow gage measures streamflow generated from a part of the AU or that drains to the RSMP site, and that part of the AU or RSMP site is a significant fraction of the drainage area of the streamgage. The maximum fraction of each AU or RSMP catchment upstream of a streamflow gage and the maximum fraction of any one gaged basin in an AU or RSMP along with corresponding codes are provided in the attribute tables.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds815","issn":"2327-638X","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Association of Washington Cities and the Washington Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Konrad, C., and Sevier, M., 2014, Physiographic and land cover attributes of the Puget Lowland and the active streamflow gaging network, Puget Sound Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 815, Report: HTML document; Conversion factors; 7 Tables; ArcGIS files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds815.","productDescription":"Report: HTML document; Conversion factors; 7 Tables; ArcGIS files","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-050811","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds815.png"},{"id":280931,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/index.html"},{"id":280930,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/"},{"id":280932,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/ds815_table1.html"},{"id":280933,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/conversions.html"},{"id":280934,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/downloads/ds815_table2.csv"},{"id":280935,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/downloads/ds815_table3.csv"},{"id":280936,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/downloads/ds815_table4.csv"},{"id":280937,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/ds815_table5.html"},{"id":280938,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/ds815_table6.html"},{"id":280939,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/ds815_table7.html"},{"id":280940,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/815/downloads/ActiveGageAreas.zip"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Puget Sound Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7449,46.3565 ], [ -124.7449,48.4526 ], [ -121.2684,48.4526 ], [ -121.2684,46.3565 ], [ -124.7449,46.3565 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bcde4b0f19e63d9b37a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konrad, Christopher","contributorId":72703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konrad","given":"Christopher","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sevier, Maria","contributorId":87450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevier","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70068736,"text":"70068736 - 2014 - Differentiation of pre-existing trapped methane from thermogenic methane in an igneous-intruded coal by hydrous pyrolysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T11:12:11","indexId":"70068736","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T11:04:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2958,"text":"Organic Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Differentiation of pre-existing trapped methane from thermogenic methane in an igneous-intruded coal by hydrous pyrolysis","docAbstract":"So as to better understand how the gas generation potential of coal changes with increasing rank, same-seam samples of bituminous coal from the Illinois Basin that were naturally matured to varying degrees by the intrusion of an igneous dike were subjected to hydrous pyrolysis (HP) conditions of 360 °C for 72 h. The accumulated methane in the reactor headspace was analyzed for δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ2H, and mol percent composition. Maximum methane production (9.7 mg/g TOC) occurred in the most immature samples (0.5 %R<sub>o</sub>), waning to minimal methane values at 2.44 %Ro (0.67 mg/g TOC), and rebounding to 3.6 mg/g TOC methane in the most mature sample (6.76 %R<sub>o</sub>). Methane from coal with the highest initial thermal maturity (6.76 %R<sub>o</sub>) shows no isotopic dependence on the reactor water and has a microbial δ<sup>13</sup>C value of −61‰. However, methane from coal of minimal initial thermal maturity (0.5 %R<sub>o</sub>) shows hydrogen isotopic dependence on the reaction water and has a δ<sup>13</sup>C value of −37‰. The gas released from coals under hydrous pyrolysis conditions represents a quantifiable mixture of ancient (270 Ma) methane (likely microbial) that was generated in situ and trapped within the rock during the rapid heating by the dike, and modern (laboratory) thermogenic methane that was generated from the indigenous organic matter due to thermal maturation induced by hydrous pyrolysis conditions. These findings provide an analytical framework for better assessment of natural gas sources and for differentiating generated gas from pre-existing trapped gas in coals of various ranks.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Organic Geochemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.11.010","usgsCitation":"Dias, R.F., Lewan, M., Birdwell, J.E., and Kotarba, M.J., 2014, Differentiation of pre-existing trapped methane from thermogenic methane in an igneous-intruded coal by hydrous pyrolysis: Organic Geochemistry, v. 67, p. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.11.010.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-043968","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280861,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280847,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.11.010"}],"volume":"67","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50ae2e4b0f19e63d9b20c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dias, Robert F. rfdias@usgs.gov","contributorId":3746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dias","given":"Robert","email":"rfdias@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":488086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewan, Michael D. mlewan@usgs.gov","contributorId":940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewan","given":"Michael D.","email":"mlewan@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":488084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Birdwell, Justin E. 0000-0001-8263-1452 jbirdwell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-1452","contributorId":3302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birdwell","given":"Justin","email":"jbirdwell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":569,"text":"Southwest Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kotarba, Maciej J.","contributorId":74665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotarba","given":"Maciej","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70068733,"text":"70068733 - 2014 - Residence time control on hot moments of net nitrate production and uptake in the hyporheic zone","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-29T14:13:08","indexId":"70068733","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T10:39:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Residence time control on hot moments of net nitrate production and uptake in the hyporheic zone","docAbstract":"The retention capacity for biologically available nitrogen within streams can be influenced by dynamic hyporheic zone exchange, a process that may act as either a net source or net sink of dissolved nitrogen. Over 5 weeks, nine vertical profiles of streambed chemistry (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) were collected above two beaver dams along with continuous high-resolution vertical hyporheic flux data. The results indicate a non-linear relation of net NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> production followed by net uptake in the hyporheic zone as a function of residence time. This Lagrangian-based relation is consistent through time and across varied morphology (bars, pools, glides) above the dams, even though biogeochemical and environmental factors varied. The empirical continuum between net NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>\n production and uptake and residence time is useful for identifying two crucial residence time thresholds: the transition to anaerobic respiration, which corresponds to the time of peak net nitrate production, and the net sink threshold, which is defined by a net uptake in NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>  relative to streamwater. Short-term hyporheic residence time variability at specific locations creates hot\nmoments of net production and uptake, enhancing NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>  production as residence times approach the anaerobic threshold, and changing zones of net NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> production to uptake as residence times increase past the net sink threshold. The anaerobic and net sink thresholds for beaver-influenced streambed morphology occur at much shorter residence times (1.3 h and 2.3 h, respectively) compared to other documented hyporheic systems, and the net sink threshold compares favorably to the lower boundary of the anaerobic threshold determined for this system with the new oxygen Damkohler number. The consistency of the residence time threshold values of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> cycling in this study, despite environmental variability and disparate morphology, indicates that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> hot moment dynamics are primarily driven by changes in physical hydrology and associated residence times.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.9921","usgsCitation":"Briggs, M., Lautz, L.K., and Hare, D.K., 2014, Residence time control on hot moments of net nitrate production and uptake in the hyporheic zone: Hydrological Processes, v. 28, no. 11, p. 3741-3751, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9921.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"3741","endPage":"3751","numberOfPages":"11","ipdsId":"IP-043725","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280854,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280853,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9921"}],"volume":"28","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-06-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bcee4b0f19e63d9b385","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Briggs, Martin A.","contributorId":10321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Martin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lautz, Laura K.","contributorId":38890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lautz","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hare, Danielle K.","contributorId":76222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Danielle","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70040452,"text":"70040452 - 2014 - Geochemistry of hydrothermal alteration at the Qolqoleh gold deposit, northern Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, northwestern Iran: Vectors to high-grade ore bodies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-05T16:46:49.1799","indexId":"70040452","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T10:32:39","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2302,"text":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of hydrothermal alteration at the Qolqoleh gold deposit, northern Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, northwestern Iran: Vectors to high-grade ore bodies","docAbstract":"<p id=\"sp0005\"><span>The Qolqoleh orogenic gold deposit in the northern part of the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt in northwestern Iran is hosted by a steeply dipping sequence of&nbsp;greenschist facies&nbsp;Cretaceous volcano–sedimentary rocks, including mafic to intermediate&nbsp;metavolcanic rocks, sericite and chlorite&nbsp;schist, and marble. Geochemical and&nbsp;petrochemical&nbsp;data including the ∑</span>&nbsp;<span>REE, (La/Yb)</span><sub>N</sub><span>&nbsp;and Eu/Eu* ratios were obtained from country rocks, ore-enveloping alteration zones, and mineralized zones to assess the nature of the trace element and&nbsp;rare earth element&nbsp;(REE) interaction between the wall rock and the mineralizing fluid.</span></p><p id=\"sp0010\">Quartz–sulfide veins at the deposit are characterized by a pyrite–pyrrhotite–chalcopyrite–sphalerite–arsenopyrite–native gold assemblage. Alteration halos border the mineralized zones and broadly comprise: (1) an outer carbonate–chlorite alteration zone in all rock types, particularly in chlorite schist; (2) a middle sericite–carbonate alteration zone in the sericite schist; and (3) an inner quartz–sulfide alteration zone in sericite schist and mafic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks.</p><p id=\"sp0015\">The geochemical data indicate that the concentrations of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub><span>, Y, and Zr are relatively constant, suggesting that these elements were the least mobile during&nbsp;hydrothermal activity. Using Al</span><sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>as the immobile component, there is evidence for mobility of trace elements, particularly light REE, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and Zr in the altered wall rocks. The altered rocks show a relatively light REE depletion ((La/Yb)<sub>N</sub>&nbsp;≅&nbsp;<span>9.41), which clearly correlates with the grades of gold&nbsp;mineralization&nbsp;and intensity of the alteration (3</span>&nbsp;ppm Au). The depletion of light REE is best indicated by a decrease in (La/Yb)<sub>N</sub><span>&nbsp;as shown by ratios of 10.5 to 11.8. Wall rock&nbsp;decarbonation&nbsp;reactions during&nbsp;infiltration&nbsp;of the mineralizing fluid resulted in differential mobilization of REE, from a fluid with initially low REE content.</span></p><p id=\"sp0020\"><span>The overall trace element&nbsp;geochemistry&nbsp;of the altered wall rock is controlled by the initial composition of the wall rocks and the ore-fluid composition. Hydrothermal ore-forming fluids are recognized as CO</span><sub>2</sub>-rich near-neutral reduced fluids with high values of H<sub>2</sub><span>S, K, and S content. Observed variability in alteration halos at the Qolqoleh deposit points to major differences in REE and trace element content in original host rocks that have interacted with a relatively similar ore fluid. Therefore, depending on the composition of each host rock&nbsp;lithology, the geochemistry of&nbsp;hydrothermal alteration&nbsp;(e.g., ∑</span>&nbsp;REE content and (La/Yb)<sub>N</sub><span>&nbsp;ratios) and alteration&nbsp;mineralogy&nbsp;including the carbonate–sericite–quartz–sulfide assemblages may be used as a primary tool for lithogeochemical exploration for gold deposits in northwestern Iran.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.01.007","usgsCitation":"Aliyari, F., Rastad, E., Goldfarb, R.J., and Sharif, J.A., 2014, Geochemistry of hydrothermal alteration at the Qolqoleh gold deposit, northern Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, northwestern Iran: Vectors to high-grade ore bodies: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, v. 140, p. 111-125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.01.007.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"111","endPage":"125","ipdsId":"IP-036917","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383052,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iran","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              57.19482421875,\n              27.00040800352175\n            ],\n            [\n              54.03076171874999,\n              31.484893386890164\n            ],\n            [\n              49.41650390625,\n              35.17380831799959\n            ],\n            [\n              46.91162109375,\n              37.3002752813443\n            ],\n            [\n              45.74707031249999,\n              37.24782120155428\n            ],\n            [\n              45.615234375,\n              34.161818161230386\n            ],\n            [\n              48.2958984375,\n              31.690781806136822\n            ],\n            [\n              50.5810546875,\n              29.630771207229\n            ],\n            [\n              51.2841796875,\n              28.14950321154457\n            ],\n            [\n              52.71240234375,\n              27.31321389856826\n            ],\n            [\n              54.29443359375,\n              26.54922257769204\n            ],\n            [\n              57.23876953124999,\n              26.92206991673282\n            ],\n            [\n              57.19482421875,\n              27.00040800352175\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"140","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Aliyari, Farhang","contributorId":248790,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aliyari","given":"Farhang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":809866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rastad, Ebrahim","contributorId":119934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rastad","given":"Ebrahim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goldfarb, Richard J. goldfarb@usgs.gov","contributorId":1205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldfarb","given":"Richard","email":"goldfarb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":809867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sharif, Jafar Abdollah","contributorId":116151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharif","given":"Jafar","email":"","middleInitial":"Abdollah","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":514683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70060018,"text":"70060018 - 2014 - USGS National WIldlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T14:37:29.525654","indexId":"70060018","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T09:53:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3769,"text":"Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"USGS National WIldlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","usgsCitation":"Buckner, J.L., Ballmann, A.E., Bodenstein, B.L., and White, C.L., 2014, USGS National WIldlife Health Center quarterly wildlife mortality report: Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter, no. January 2014, p. 6-7.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-053425","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280846,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280844,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/PersonifyEbusiness/Resources/Publications/Newsletter/Archive"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              72.71190310803662\n            ],\n            [\n              -65.7421875,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.17578125,\n              17.14079039331665\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","issue":"January 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bcde4b0f19e63d9b37e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buckner, Jennifer L. jbuckner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buckner","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbuckner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ballmann, Anne E. 0000-0002-0380-056X aballmann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":1153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","email":"aballmann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodenstein, Barbara L. 0000-0001-7946-0103 bbodenstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7946-0103","contributorId":4389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodenstein","given":"Barbara","email":"bbodenstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"White, C. LeAnn 0000-0002-5004-5165 clwhite@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-5165","contributorId":4315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"C.","email":"clwhite@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"LeAnn","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70048928,"text":"sim3217 - 2014 - Sedimentation survey of Lago Dos Bocas, Utuado, Puerto Rico, January 2010","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T09:28:14","indexId":"sim3217","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T09:16:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3217","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago Dos Bocas, Utuado, Puerto Rico, January 2010","docAbstract":"Lago Dos Bocas reservoir was completed in 1942 to provide water for hydroelectric power generation along the northern coast of Puerto Rico. The reservoir had an original storage capacity of 37.50 million cubic meters (Mm3). The dam is located about 9 kilometers (km) northeast of the town of Utuado, immediately downstream of the original confluence of the Río Grande de Arecibo and the Río Caonillas (fig. 1).\n\nThe Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) owns and operates the Lago Dos Bocas reservoir, and since 1996, the reservoir has become an essential part of the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA) North Coast Superaqueduct Project. The Superaqueduct is supplied by controlled releases for hydroelectric power generation that replenish the public-supply raw-water intake pool located about 10 km downstream from the Lago Dos Bocas Dam (fig. 1). As of 2005, the Superaqueduct supplies about 4.03 cubic meters per second (m<sup>3</sup>/s) (348,192 cubic meters per day [m<sup>3</sup>/d]) of potable water to communities along the northern coast, from Arecibo to the San Juan metropolitan area.\n\nBecause of the importance of the reservoir to the North Coast Superaqueduct, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with PRASA, conducted a sedimentation survey of Lago Dos Bocas in January 2009. The results of this survey were used to estimate the useful life and the firm yield of the reservoir, and evaluate the need to dredge the reservoir.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3217","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority","usgsCitation":"Soler-Lopez, L.R., 2014, Sedimentation survey of Lago Dos Bocas, Utuado, Puerto Rico, January 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3217, 32 x 32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3217.","productDescription":"32 x 32 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-027228","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280839,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3217.jpg"},{"id":280837,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3217/pdf/SIM3217.pdf"},{"id":280838,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3217/"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.67500,18.308333 ], [ -66.67500,18.500000 ], [ -66.65000,18.500000 ], [ -66.65000,18.308333 ], [ -66.67500,18.308333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bcfe4b0f19e63d9b389","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70048919,"text":"sim3219 - 2014 - Sedimentation survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T09:20:25","indexId":"sim3219","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-13T09:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3219","title":"Sedimentation survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009","docAbstract":"Lago Loíza is a reservoir formed at the confluence of Río Gurabo and Río Grande de Loíza in the municipality of Trujillo Alto in central Puerto Rico, about 10 kilometers (km) north of the town of Caguas, about 9 km northwest of Gurabo, and about 3 km south of Trujillo Alto (fig. 1). The Carraizo Dam is owned and operated by the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA), and was constructed in 1953 as a water-supply reservoir for the San Juan Metropolitan area. The dam is a concrete gravity structure that is located in a shallow valley and has a gently sloping left abutment and steep right abutment. Non-overflow sections flank the spillway section. Waterways include an intake structure for the pumping station and power plant, sluiceways, a trash sluice, and a spillway.\n\nThe reservoir was built to provide a storage capacity of 26.8 million cubic meters (Mm<sup>3</sup>) of water at the maximum pool elevation of 41.14 meters (m) above mean sea level (msl) for the Sergio Cuevas Filtration Plant that serves the San Juan metropolitan area. The reservoir has a drainage area of 538 square kilometers (km<sup>2</sup>) and receives an annual mean rainfall that ranges from 1,600 to 5,000 millimeters per year (mm/yr). The principal streams that drain into Lago Loíza are the Río Grande de Loíza, Río Gurabo, and Río Cañas. Two other rivers, the Río Bairoa and Río Cagüitas, discharge into the Río Grande de Loíza just before it enters the reservoir. The combined mean annual runoff of the Río Grande de Loíza and the Río Gurabo for the 1960–2009 period of record is 323 Mm<sup>3</sup>. Flow from these streams constitutes about 89 percent of the total mean annual inflow of 364 Mm<sup>3</sup> to the reservoir (U.S. Geological Survey, 2009). Detailed information about Lago Loíza reservoir structures, historical sediment accumulation, and a dredge conducted in 1999 are available in Soler-López and Gómez-Gómez (2005).\n\nDuring July 8–15, 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Caribbean Water Science Center (CWSC), in cooperation with PRASA, conducted a bathymetric survey of Lago Loíza to update the reservoir storage capacity and estimate the reservoir sedimentation rate by comparing the 2009 data with the previous 2004 bathymetric survey data. The purpose of this report is to document the methods used to update and present the results of the reservoir storage capacity, sedimentation rates, and areas of substantial sediment accumulation since 2004.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3219","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority","usgsCitation":"Soler-Lopez, L.R., and Licha-Soler, N., 2014, Sedimentation survey of Lago Loíza, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico, July 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3219, 30.14 inches x 31.62 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3219.","productDescription":"30.14 inches x 31.62 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-023006","costCenters":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280832,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim3219.jpg"},{"id":280830,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3219/"},{"id":280831,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3219/pdf/SIM3219.pdf"}],"projection":"Lambert conformal conic","datum":"Puerto Rico datum, 1940 adjustment","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.041667,18.266667 ], [ -66.041667,18.325000 ], [ -66.000000,18.325000 ], [ -66.000000,18.266667 ], [ -66.041667,18.266667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d50bd0e4b0f19e63d9b38d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Soler-Lopez, Luis R.","contributorId":27501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soler-Lopez","given":"Luis","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Licha-Soler, N.A.","contributorId":60945,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Licha-Soler","given":"N.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70100644,"text":"70100644 - 2014 - Earth is (mostly) flat: Apportionment of the flux of continental sediment over millennial time scales: COMMENT","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T15:37:17","indexId":"70100644","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-12T13:47:12","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Earth is (mostly) flat: Apportionment of the flux of continental sediment over millennial time scales: COMMENT","docAbstract":"Recent synthesis of <sup>10</sup>Be-derived denudation rates by Willenbring et al. (2013) suggests that the “flat” areas of the world, those with average slopes of <∼100 m/km and representing ∼90% of Earth’s land surface, have adequately high rates of denudation to produce most of the sediment transported to the world’s oceans. This finding is based on the product of interpolated denudation rates (L/T) over the world’s drainage areas (L<sup>2</sup>) using landscape slope as the controlling variable. We suggest that these findings are incorrect on several grounds.","language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G34846C.1","usgsCitation":"Warrick, J., Milliman, J., Walling, D., Wasson, R., Syvitski, J., and Arno, S.F., 2014, Earth is (mostly) flat: Apportionment of the flux of continental sediment over millennial time scales: COMMENT: Geology, v. 42, no. 1, p. e316-e316, https://doi.org/10.1130/G34846C.1.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"e316","endPage":"e316","ipdsId":"IP-049382","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g34846c.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":285724,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"42","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5355942fe4b0120853e8bf47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Warrick, J.A.","contributorId":53503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milliman, John D.","contributorId":76735,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milliman","given":"John D.","affiliations":[{"id":6706,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":492369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walling, D.E.","contributorId":24481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walling","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wasson, R.J.","contributorId":34780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wasson","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Syvitski, J.P.M.","contributorId":91222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Syvitski","given":"J.P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Arno, Stephen F.","contributorId":74299,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arno","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":492368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70068459,"text":"ofr20131305 - 2014 - Global surface displacement data for assessing variability of displacement at a point on a fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-10T15:18:00","indexId":"ofr20131305","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-10T15:01:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1305","title":"Global surface displacement data for assessing variability of displacement at a point on a fault","docAbstract":"<p>This report presents a global dataset of site-specific surface-displacement data on faults. We have compiled estimates of successive displacements attributed to individual earthquakes, mainly paleoearthquakes, at sites where two or more events have been documented, as a basis for analyzing inter-event variability in surface displacement on continental faults.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>An earlier version of this composite dataset was used in a recent study relating the variability of surface displacement at a point to the magnitude-frequency distribution of earthquakes on faults, and to hazard from fault rupture (Hecker and others, 2013). The purpose of this follow-on report is to provide potential data users with an updated comprehensive dataset, largely complete through 2010 for studies in English-language publications, as well as in some unpublished reports and abstract volumes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131305","usgsCitation":"Hecker, S., Sickler, R., Feigelson, L., Abrahamson, N., Hassett, W., Rosa, C., and Sanquini, A., 2014, Global surface displacement data for assessing variability of displacement at a point on a fault: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1305, Report: iv, 28 p.; Table 1, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131305.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 28 p.; Table 1","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049003","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280824,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131305.PNG"},{"id":280822,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1305/pdf/ofr2013-1305.pdf"},{"id":280823,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1305/downloads/ofr2013-1305_Table1.xlsx"},{"id":280821,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1305/"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,90.0 ], [ 180.0,-90.0 ], [ -180.0,-90.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d11766e4b072eb3e0c4b7b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hecker, Suzanne 0000-0002-5054-372X shecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-372X","contributorId":3553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecker","given":"Suzanne","email":"shecker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sickler, Robert","contributorId":89653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sickler","given":"Robert","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Feigelson, Leah","contributorId":105636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigelson","given":"Leah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Abrahamson, Norman","contributorId":66990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abrahamson","given":"Norman","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hassett, Will","contributorId":100279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hassett","given":"Will","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rosa, Carla","contributorId":27780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosa","given":"Carla","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Sanquini, Ann","contributorId":65374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sanquini","given":"Ann","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":70068633,"text":"ofr20131289 - 2014 - Three-dimensional ground-motion simulations of earthquakes for the Hanford area, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-23T14:12:36","indexId":"ofr20131289","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-10T14:51:03","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1289","title":"Three-dimensional ground-motion simulations of earthquakes for the Hanford area, Washington","docAbstract":"This report describes the results of ground-motion simulations of earthquakes using three-dimensional (3D) and one-dimensional (1D) crustal models conducted for the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) of the Hanford facility, Washington, under the Senior Seismic Hazard Analysis Committee (SSHAC) guidelines. The first portion of this report demonstrates that the 3D seismic velocity model for the area produces synthetic seismograms with characteristics (spectral response values, duration) that better match those of the observed recordings of local earthquakes, compared to a 1D model with horizontal layers. The second part of the report compares the response spectra of synthetics from 3D and 1D models for moment magnitude (M) 6.6–6.8 earthquakes on three nearby faults and for a dipping plane wave source meant to approximate regional S-waves from a Cascadia great earthquake. The 1D models are specific to each site used for the PSHA. The use of the 3D model produces spectral response accelerations at periods of 0.5–2.0 seconds as much as a factor of 4.5 greater than those from the 1D models for the crustal fault sources. The spectral accelerations of the 3D synthetics for the Cascadia plane-wave source are as much as a factor of 9 greater than those from the 1D models. The differences between the spectral accelerations for the 3D and 1D models are most pronounced for sites with thicker supra-basalt sediments and for stations with earthquakes on the Rattlesnake Hills fault and for the Cascadia plane-wave source.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131289","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Thorne, P., and Rohay, A., 2014, Three-dimensional ground-motion simulations of earthquakes for the Hanford area, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1289, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131289.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-052201","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280820,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131289.PNG"},{"id":280819,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1289/pdf/ofr2013-1289.pdf"},{"id":280818,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1289/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Hanford Facility","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.4078,46.5637 ], [ -119.4078,46.6037 ], [ -119.3677,46.6037 ], [ -119.3677,46.5637 ], [ -119.4078,46.5637 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d1176ae4b072eb3e0c4b88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, Arthur","contributorId":103761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thorne, Paul","contributorId":13131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorne","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rohay, Alan","contributorId":58934,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohay","given":"Alan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70059781,"text":"ofr20131308 - 2014 - Response of Global Navigation Satellite System receivers to known shaking between 0.2 and 20 Hertz","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-29T15:22:23","indexId":"ofr20131308","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-10T08:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1308","title":"Response of Global Navigation Satellite System receivers to known shaking between 0.2 and 20 Hertz","docAbstract":"<p>Over the past decade, several technological advances have allowed Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers to have the capability to record displacements at high frequencies, with sampling rates approaching 100 samples per second (sps). In addition, communication and computer hardware and software have allowed various institutions, including the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), to retrieve, process, and display position changes recorded by a network of GNSS sites with small, less than 1-s delays between the time that the GNSS receiver records signals from a constellation of satellites and the time that the position is estimated (a method known as &ldquo;real-time&rdquo;). These improvements in hardware and software have allowed the USGS to process GNSS (or a subset of the GNSS, the Global Positioning System, GPS) data in real-time at 1 sps with the goal of determining displacements from earthquakes and volcanoes in real-time. However, the current set of GNSS equipment can record at rates of 100 sps, which allows the possibility of using this equipment to record earthquake displacements over the full range of frequencies that typically are recorded by acceleration and velocity transducers. The advantage of using GNSS to record earthquakes is that the displacement, rather than acceleration or velocity, is recorded, and for large earthquakes, the GNSS sensor stays on scale and will not distort the observations due to clipping of the signal at its highest amplitude. The direct observation of displacement is advantageous in estimating the size and spatial extent of the earthquake rupture. Otherwise, when using velocity or acceleration sensors, the displacements are determined by numerical integration of the observations, which can introduce significant uncertainty in the estimated displacements. However, GNSS technology can, at best, resolve displacements of a few millimeters, and for most earthquakes, their displacements are less than 1 mm. Consequently, to be useful, GNSS data are only relevant for the large earthquakes with magnitudes (M) exceeding M5.5 at best.</p>\n<p>With the capability to record GNSS data at high-rate, at sampling rates typical for seismological applications, experiments are needed to quantify the response of GNSS to shaking from earthquakes. There have been a few studies that examine the response of GNSS to strong shaking. One of the first was Elosegui and others (2006), where they simulated surface waves from a distant earthquake and mechanically applied the shaking to a GPS antenna. They processed the 1 sps observations and compared the estimated displacements with the simulated displacements. They determined that the GPS could accurately track the simulated surface wave whose primary frequency spans from 0.01 to 0.1 Hertz (Hz), which spanned the frequency band of the simulation.</p>\n<p>To test GNSS equipment due to shaking from a large earthquake in the near-field, Wang and others (2012) used a mechanical simulator or shake table with 6 degrees of freedom and studied two different inputs to the simulator&mdash;(1) the accelerometer record from one station that was located near the 2010 M8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake, and (2) a 2-Hz sinusoid. Wang and others (2012) analyzed the 2-Hz data with spectral analysis and determined that the displacements observed by the GPS included higher harmonics along with the 2-Hz signal. In addition, the background spectral amplitude was greater during periods of 2-Hz shaking than when at rest. With the simulated M 8.8 earthquake, Wang and others (2012) observed decreased signal to noise for L1 and L2 carrier frequencies of the GPS signal, at times corresponding to high acceleration and jerk (first derivative of acceleration).</p>\n<p>One of the principal limitations of these experiments was that the displacements of the shake table itself could not be measured independently. Although with the 2-Hz sinusoidal measurements, the input displacements were purely translational, Wang and others (2012) analysis of the data showed that the shake table also included rotational motions which affect horizontal inertial sensors like accelerometers and seismometers at first order.</p>\n<p>More recently, Ebinuma and Kato (2012) used a GPS simulator to electronically test several GNSS receivers and obtain the receiver characteristics at three frequencies: 1, 2, and 5 Hz. The results showed that the amplitude of 5-Hz displacements recorded by the GPS was, depending on the receiver model, between 30 and 125 percent more than the displacement input to the simulator. At low frequencies, the GPS displacement was nearly equal to the input displacement. In addition, Ebinuma and Kato (2012) examined how each receiver model amplified an earthquake displacement record in the 2&ndash;8 Hz band. The simulated earthquake was the 2008 moment magnitude (Mw) 6.8 Iwate-Miyagi earthquake where, for the simulated record, acceleration peaked at 1 G.</p>\n<p>The study discussed here builds on the tests by Ebinuma and Kato (2012), but rather than using electronic simulation, the tests are setup outdoors and closer to actual field installations of GNSS equipment. We used a one-dimensional shake table capable of 400 mm of displacement and high acceleration; the shake table also is constrained by a precision linear slider to have very low tilt that would affect inertial sensors. In addition, the stage position can be accurately monitored independent of the GNSS hardware and, importantly, provides a reference to compare with the estimated displacements from the GNSS data. Our tests spanned a greater frequency range from 0.2 to 20 Hz and we used equipment from three different manufacturers covering five different combinations of receivers and antennas. In addition, we have been able to simulate the frequency response of the GNSS equipment using a simple, causal filter. The quality of the filter was tested using additional test data where a step function in displacement was applied to the shake table. The observed displacements from the GNSS data show an overshoot in displacement at the time of the step or transition of the stage. That overshoot was accurately predicted using the filter design derived from our sinusoidal displacement tests.</p>\n<p>Similar to Wang and others (2012), we also examined the GPS displacement records using standard spectral techniques. However, we extended their work by evaluating several models of GNSS receivers using a variety of input frequencies. Because our shake table was limited on acceleration and displacement, we did not attempt to duplicate the high shaking associated with high magnitude earthquakes. However, because our shake table could measure the table displacement, we could directly compare the measured GPS displacements with the true displacements.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131308","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J.O., Evans, J.R., Blume, F., and Johanson, I., 2014, Response of Global Navigation Satellite System receivers to known shaking between 0.2 and 20 Hertz: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1308, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131308.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-049015","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":379,"text":"Menlo Park Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280804,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131308.PNG"},{"id":280801,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1308/"},{"id":280803,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1308/pdf/ofr2013-1308.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52d11769e4b072eb3e0c4b81","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, John O.","contributorId":72438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blume, Fredrick","contributorId":100283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blume","given":"Fredrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johanson, Ingrid","contributorId":54880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"Ingrid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70061359,"text":"ofr20131307 - 2014 - Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance results from the Sheep Creek 1 well, Susitna basin, south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-09T14:28:48.942089","indexId":"ofr20131307","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-09T11:03:32","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1307","title":"Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance results from the Sheep Creek 1 well, Susitna basin, south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"We used Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance to examine the petroleum source potential of rock samples from the Sheep Creek 1 well in the Susitna basin of south-central Alaska. The results show that Miocene nonmarine coal, carbonaceous shale, and mudstone are potential sources of hydrocarbons and are thermally immature with respect to the oil window. In the samples that we studied, coals are more organic-rich and more oil-prone than carbonaceous shales and silty mudstones, which appear to be potential sources of natural gas. Lithologically similar rocks may be present in the deeper parts of the subsurface Susitna basin located west of the Sheep Creek 1 well, where they may have been buried deeply enough to generate oil and (or) gas. The Susitna basin is sparsely drilled and mostly unexplored, and no commercial production of hydrocarbons has been obtained. However, the existence of potential source rocks of oil and gas, as shown by our Rock-Eval results, suggests that undiscovered petroleum accumulations may be present in the Susitna basin.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131307","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Alaska Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Stanley, R.G., Lillis, P.G., Pawlewicz, M.J., and Haeussler, P.J., 2014, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and vitrinite reflectance results from the Sheep Creek 1 well, Susitna basin, south-central Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1307, Report: iv, 12 p.; 1 Table, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131307.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 12 p.; 1 Table","numberOfPages":"16","ipdsId":"IP-051756","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280795,"rank":1,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1307/downloads/ofr2013-1307_Table1.xls"},{"id":280794,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1307/pdf/ofr2013-1307.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":280793,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1307/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":417498,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_99488.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":280796,"rank":4,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131307.PNG"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Susitna Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -151.61692547325674,\n              62.539075707687175\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.61692547325674,\n              61.300458966719304\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.26001791496597,\n              61.300458966719304\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.26001791496597,\n              62.539075707687175\n            ],\n            [\n              -151.61692547325674,\n              62.539075707687175\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cfc566e4b07de2a9490b64","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lillis, Paul G. 0000-0002-7508-1699 plillis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-1699","contributorId":1817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lillis","given":"Paul","email":"plillis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pawlewicz, Mark J. pawlewicz@usgs.gov","contributorId":752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pawlewicz","given":"Mark","email":"pawlewicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70058705,"text":"sir20135231 - 2014 - Geochemical investigation of the hydrothermal system on Akutan Island, Alaska, July 2012","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-25T13:51:26","indexId":"sir20135231","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-09T10:42:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5231","title":"Geochemical investigation of the hydrothermal system on Akutan Island, Alaska, July 2012","docAbstract":"We have studied the geochemistry of the hot springs on Akutan Island in detail for the first time since the early 1980s. Springs in four discrete groups (A-D) along Hot Springs Creek showed generally higher temperatures and substantially higher Na, Ca, and Cl concentrations than previously reported, and total hot-spring discharge has also increased markedly. The springs now account for a heat output of ~29 MW, about an order of magnitude more than in 1981. Gas samples from the hot springs and from a fumarolic area on the flank of Akutan Volcano show high <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratios (>6.4 RA) after correction for air contamination and reveal a common magmatic heat source. Hot-spring gases are unusually rich in N<sub>2</sub>, Ar, and CH<sub>4</sub>, suggesting that the water has boiled and lost CO<sub>2</sub> during upflow beneath the flank fumarole field. Gas geothermometry calculations applied to the flank fumarole field implies temperatures of 200–240 °C for the reservoir, and Na-K-Ca geothermometry implies temperatures near 180 °C for the outflow waters that feed the hot springs. The results of our study confirm the existence of a substantial geothermal resource on the island.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135231","usgsCitation":"Bergfeld, D., Lewicki, J.L., Evans, W.C., Hunt, A.G., Revesz, K., and Huebner, M., 2014, Geochemical investigation of the hydrothermal system on Akutan Island, Alaska, July 2012: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5231, v, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135231.","productDescription":"v, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-049254","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":619,"text":"Volcano Science Center-Menlo Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135231.jpg"},{"id":280790,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5231/"},{"id":280791,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5231/pdf/sir2013-5231.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Akutan Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -166.0067,54.099921 ], [ -166.0067,54.168981 ], [ -165.760835,54.168981 ], [ -165.760835,54.099921 ], [ -166.0067,54.099921 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cfc565e4b07de2a9490b56","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bergfeld, D. dbergfel@usgs.gov","contributorId":2069,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bergfeld","given":"D.","email":"dbergfel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":487269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lewicki, Jennifer L. 0000-0003-1994-9104 jlewicki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1994-9104","contributorId":5071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewicki","given":"Jennifer","email":"jlewicki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evans, William C. 0000-0001-5942-3102 wcevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-3102","contributorId":2353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"William","email":"wcevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hunt, Andrew G. 0000-0002-3810-8610 ahunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3810-8610","contributorId":1582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Andrew","email":"ahunt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Revesz, Kinga","contributorId":64285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Revesz","given":"Kinga","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":487273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Huebner, Mark mhuebner@usgs.gov","contributorId":4349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huebner","given":"Mark","email":"mhuebner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":487271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70057602,"text":"sir20135121 - 2014 - In-situ sediment oxygen demand rates in Hammonton Creek, Hammonton, New Jersey, and Crosswicks Creek, near New Egypt, New Jersey, August-October 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-09T09:23:32","indexId":"sir20135121","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-09T09:05:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5121","title":"In-situ sediment oxygen demand rates in Hammonton Creek, Hammonton, New Jersey, and Crosswicks Creek, near New Egypt, New Jersey, August-October 2009","docAbstract":"<p>Sediment oxygen demand rates were measured in Hammonton Creek, Hammonton, New Jersey, and Crosswicks Creek, near New Egypt, New Jersey, during August through October 2009. These rates were measured as part of an ongoing water-quality monitoring program being conducted in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Oxygen depletion rates were measured using in-situ test chambers and a non-consumptive optical electrode sensing technique for measuring dissolved oxygen concentrations. Sediment oxygen demand rates were calculated on the basis of these field measured oxygen depletion rates and the temperature of the stream water at each site.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Hammonton Creek originates at an impoundment, then flows through pine forest and agricultural fields, and receives discharge from a sewage-treatment plant. The streambed is predominantly sand and fine gravel with isolated pockets of organic-rich detritus. Sediment oxygen demand rates were calculated at four sites on Hammonton Creek and were found to range from -0.3 to -5.1 grams per square meter per day (g/m<sup>2</sup>/d), adjusted to 20 degrees Celsius. When deployed in pairs, the chambers produced similar values, indicating that the method was working as expected and yielding reproducible results. At one site where the chamber was deployed for more than 12 hours, dissolved oxygen was consumed linearly over the entire test period.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Crosswicks Creek originates in a marshy woodland area and then flows through woodlots and pastures. The streambed is predominantly silt and clay with some bedrock exposures. Oxygen depletion rates were measured at three sites within the main channel of the creek, and the calculated sediment oxygen demand rates ranged from -0.33 to -2.5 g/m<sup>2</sup>/d, adjusted to 20 degrees Celsius. At one of these sites sediment oxygen demand was measured in both a center channel flowing area of a pond in the stream and in a stagnant non-flowing area along the shore of the pond where organic-rich bottom sediments had accumulated and lower dissolved oxygen concentration conditions existed in the water column. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the center channel test chamber showed a constant slow decrease over the entire test period. Oxygen consumption in the test chamber at the near-shore location began rapidly and then slowed over time as oxygen became depleted in the chamber. Depending on the portion of the near-shore dissolved oxygen depletion curve used, calculated sediment oxygen demand rates ranged from as low as -0.03 g/m<sup>2</sup>/d to as high as -10 g/m<sup>2</sup>/d. The wide range of sediment oxygen demand rates indicates that care must be taken when extrapolating sediment oxygen demand rates between stream sites that have different bottom sediment types and different flow regimes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135121","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Wilson, T.P., 2014, In-situ sediment oxygen demand rates in Hammonton Creek, Hammonton, New Jersey, and Crosswicks Creek, near New Egypt, New Jersey, August-October 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5121, vi, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135121.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-08-01","temporalEnd":"2009-10-31","ipdsId":"IP-023293","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135121.jpg"},{"id":280786,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5121/"},{"id":280787,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5121/pdf/sir2013-5121.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","city":"Hammonton;New Egypt","otherGeospatial":"Crosswicks Creek;Hammonton Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.749603,40.029849 ], [ -74.749603,40.210605 ], [ -74.410057,40.210605 ], [ -74.410057,40.029849 ], [ -74.749603,40.029849 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cfc566e4b07de2a9490b5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Timothy P. 0000-0003-1914-6344 tpwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1914-6344","contributorId":3752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Timothy","email":"tpwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":486839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70067810,"text":"70067810 - 2014 - <i>Graptemys pulchra</i> Baur 1893: Alabama Map Turtle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-09T08:38:45","indexId":"70067810","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-09T08:28:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"<i>Graptemys pulchra</i> Baur 1893: Alabama Map Turtle","docAbstract":"The Alabama Map Turtle, <i>Graptemys pulchra</i> (Family Emydidae), is a moderately large riverine species endemic to the Mobile Bay drainage system of Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi. Sexual size dimorphism is pronounced, with adult females (carapace length [CL] to 273 mm) attaining more than twice the size of adult males (CL to 117 mm). The species is an inhabitant of relatively large, swift creeks and rivers, often with wide sandbars. Stream sections open to the sun and with abundant basking sites in the form of logs and brush are preferred. Six to seven clutches of 4–7 eggs are laid each year on river sandbars. Although the species is locally abundant, populations are threatened by habitat destruction, declines in their prey base, commercial collection, and vandalism. It is listed as a Species of Special Concern in Alabama.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conservation biology of freshwater turtles and tortoises: a compilation project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Chelonian Research Foundation","doi":"10.3854/crm.5.072.pulchra.v1.2014","usgsCitation":"Lovich, J.E., Godwin, J.C., and McCoy, C., 2014, <i>Graptemys pulchra</i> Baur 1893: Alabama Map Turtle, chap. <i>of</i> Conservation biology of freshwater turtles and tortoises: a compilation project of the IUCN/SSC Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group, p. 072.1-072.6, https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.072.pulchra.v1.2014.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"072.1","endPage":"072.6","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-053336","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.072.pulchra.v1.2014","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280781,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3854/crm.5.072.pulchra.v1.2014"},{"id":280782,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.iucn-tftsg.org/graptemys-pulchra-072/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama;Georgia;Mississippi","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.36,28.98 ], [ -92.36,35.62 ], [ -79.98,35.62 ], [ -79.98,28.98 ], [ -92.36,28.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52cfc4dfe4b07de2a9490917","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Rhodin, A. G. J.","contributorId":114192,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rhodin","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509672,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pritchard, P. C. H.","contributorId":113118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pritchard","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"C. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509670,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"van Dijk, P. P.","contributorId":113295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Dijk","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509671,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saumure, Raymond A.","contributorId":71375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Saumure","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509668,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Buhlmann, K.A.","contributorId":112229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buhlmann","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509669,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Iverson, J. B.","contributorId":16364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509666,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mittermeier, R.A.","contributorId":37034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mittermeier","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509667,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7}],"authors":[{"text":"Lovich, Jeffrey E. 0000-0002-7789-2831 jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7789-2831","contributorId":458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lovich","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jeffrey_lovich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":488006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Godwin, James C.","contributorId":55734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godwin","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McCoy, C.J.","contributorId":89075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCoy","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70048449,"text":"70048449 - 2014 - Forecasting conditional climate-change using a hybrid approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T16:18:32","indexId":"70048449","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T16:12:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1551,"text":"Environmental Modelling and Software","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Forecasting conditional climate-change using a hybrid approach","docAbstract":"A novel approach is proposed to forecast the likelihood of climate-change across spatial landscape gradients. This hybrid approach involves reconstructing past precipitation and temperature using the self-organizing map technique; determining quantile trends in the climate-change variables by quantile regression modeling; and computing conditional forecasts of climate-change variables based on self-similarity in quantile trends using the fractionally differenced auto-regressive integrated moving average technique. The proposed modeling approach is applied to states (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah) in the southwestern U.S., where conditional forecasts of climate-change variables are evaluated against recent (2012) observations, evaluated at a future time period (2030), and evaluated as future trends (2009–2059). These results have broad economic, political, and social implications because they quantify uncertainty in climate-change forecasts affecting various sectors of society. Another benefit of the proposed hybrid approach is that it can be extended to any spatiotemporal scale providing self-similarity exists.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Modelling and Software","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.10.009","usgsCitation":"Esfahani, A.A., and Friedel, M.J., 2014, Forecasting conditional climate-change using a hybrid approach: Environmental Modelling and Software, v. 52, p. 83-97, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.10.009.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"97","numberOfPages":"15","ipdsId":"IP-044598","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280780,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280779,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.10.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona;California;Colorado;Nevada;New Mexico;Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,31.25 ], [ -124.41,42.0 ], [ -102.0,42.0 ], [ -102.0,31.25 ], [ -124.41,31.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"52","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce747de4b073e0995b2dd3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esfahani, Akbar Akbari","contributorId":67795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esfahani","given":"Akbar","email":"","middleInitial":"Akbari","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":484681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedel, Michael J. 0000-0002-5060-3999 mfriedel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5060-3999","contributorId":595,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedel","given":"Michael","email":"mfriedel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":484680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70048979,"text":"ofr20131235 - 2014 - Lesser prairie-chicken nest site selection, microclimate, and nest survival in association with vegetation response to a grassland restoration program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T13:58:10","indexId":"ofr20131235","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T13:49:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-1235","title":"Lesser prairie-chicken nest site selection, microclimate, and nest survival in association with vegetation response to a grassland restoration program","docAbstract":"Climate models predict that the region of the Great Plains Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GPLCC) will experience increased maximum and minimum temperatures, reduced frequency but greater intensity of precipitation events, and earlier springs. These climate changes along with different landscape management techniques may influence the persistence of the lesser prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus), a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act and a priority species under the GPLCC, in positive or negative ways. The objectives of this study were to conduct (1) a literature review of lesser prairie-chicken nesting phenology and ecology, (2) an analysis of thermal aspects of lesser prairie-chicken nest microclimate data, and (3) an analysis of nest site selection, nest survival, and vegetation response to 10 years of tebuthiuron and/or grazing treatments.\n\nWe found few reports in the literature containing useful data on the nesting phenology of lesser prairie-chickens; therefore, managers must rely on short-term observations and measurements of parameters that provide some predictive insight into climate impacts on nesting ecology. Our field studies showed that prairie-chickens on nests were able to maintain relatively consistent average nest temperature of 31 °C and nest humidities of 56.8 percent whereas average external temperatures (20.3–35.0 °C) and humidities (35.2–74.9 percent) varied widely throughout the 24 hour (hr) cycle. Grazing and herbicide treatments within our experimental areas were designed to be less intensive than in common practice. We determined nest locations by radio-tagging hen lesser prairie-chickens captured at leks, which are display grounds at which male lesser prairie-chickens aggregate and attempt to attract a female for mating. Because nest locations selected by hen lesser prairie-chicken are strongly associated with the lek at which they were captured, we assessed nesting habitat use on the basis of hens captured at individual leks, and then for all leks pooled. There was no clear pattern of selection for treatment type for nest placement among hens associated with individual leks; however, when hens from all leks were pooled, we found nesting lesser prairie-chickens selected control plots for nesting over plots that were grazed, treated with tebuthiuron, or were both grazed and treated with tebuthiuron. Overall, the probability of a nest surviving the incubation period was 0.57 for this study and did not vary significantly among treatment types. In contrast to nesting preference for untreated habitats, lek use exhibited no noticeable selection of treatment type. Over the 10 years of the habitat management study, there was 91 percent less sand shinnery oak (Quercus havardii) in treated areas than untreated areas. The removal of sand shinnery oak made environmental soil moisture more available for grasses and forbs to germinate and grow. Grasses increased by 149 percent and forbs increased by 257 percent in treated areas as compared to untreated areas throughout the study period. Our combined results, including our habitat selection analysis at the individual lek level, indicated that reduced rates of herbicide and short-duration grazing treatments were not detrimental to nesting lesser prairie-chickens and that populations of lesser prairie-chickens in shrub-dominated ecosystems may benefit from reduced rates of herbicide application and short duration of grazing that results in increased habitat heterogeneity.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20131235","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with New Mexico Game and Fish and Texas Parks and Wildlife Department","usgsCitation":"Boal, C.W., Grisham, B.A., Haukos, D.A., Zavaleta, J.C., and Dixon, C., 2014, Lesser prairie-chicken nest site selection, microclimate, and nest survival in association with vegetation response to a grassland restoration program: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013-1235, x, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131235.","productDescription":"x, 35 p.","numberOfPages":"48","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-042288","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280746,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr20131235.jpg"},{"id":280745,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1235/pdf/ofr2013-1235.pdf"},{"id":280744,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1235/"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico;Texas","county":"Cochran County;Hockley County;Roosevelt County;Terry County;Yoakum County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -103.9475,32.5586 ], [ -103.9475,34.6068 ], [ -101.0989,34.6068 ], [ -101.0989,32.5586 ], [ -103.9475,32.5586 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce7482e4b073e0995b2de3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boal, Clint W. 0000-0001-6008-8911 cboal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6008-8911","contributorId":1909,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boal","given":"Clint","email":"cboal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grisham, Blake A.","contributorId":75419,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grisham","given":"Blake","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Haukos, David A. 0000-0001-5372-9960 dhaukos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5372-9960","contributorId":3664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haukos","given":"David","email":"dhaukos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zavaleta, Jennifer C.","contributorId":102785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zavaleta","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dixon, Charles","contributorId":68203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70048697,"text":"70048697 - 2014 - Island history affects faunal composition: the treeshrews (Mammalia: Scandentia: Tupaiidae) from the Mentawai and Batu Islands, Indonesia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-16T14:59:36","indexId":"70048697","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T13:37:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1019,"text":"Biological Journal of the Linnean Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Island history affects faunal composition: the treeshrews (Mammalia: Scandentia: Tupaiidae) from the Mentawai and Batu Islands, Indonesia","docAbstract":"<p>The Mentawai and Batu Island groups off the west coast of Sumatra have a complicated geological and biogeographical history. The Batu Islands have shared a connection with the Sumatran &lsquo;mainland&rsquo; during periods of lowered sea level, whereas the Mentawai Islands, despite being a similar distance from Sumatra, have remained isolated from Sumatra, and probably from the Batu Islands as well. These contrasting historical relationships to Sumatra have influenced the compositions of the respective mammalian faunas of these island groups. Treeshrews (Scandentia, Tupaiidae) from these islands have, at various times in their history, been recognized as geographically circumscribed populations of a broadly distributed Tupaia glis, subspecies, or distinct species. We used multivariate analyses of measurements from the skull and hands to compare the island populations from Siberut (Mentawai Islands) and Tanahbala (Batu Islands) with the geographically adjacent species from the southern Mentawai Islands (T.&thinsp;chrysogaster) and Sumatra (T.&thinsp;ferruginea). Results from both the skull and manus of the Siberut population show that it is most similar to T.&thinsp;chrysogaster, whereas the Tanahbala population is more similar to T.&thinsp;ferruginea, confirming predictions based on island history. These results are further corroborated by mammae counts. Based on these lines of evidence, we include the Siberut population in T.&thinsp;chrysogaster and the Tanahbala population in T.&thinsp;ferruginea. Our conclusions expand the known distributions of both the Mentawai and Sumatran species. The larger geographical range of the endangered T.&thinsp;chrysogaster has conservation implications for this Mentawai endemic, so populations and habitat should be re-evaluated on each of the islands it inhabits. However, until such a re-evaluation is conducted, we recommend that the IUCN Red List status of this species be changed from &lsquo;Endangered&rsquo; to &lsquo;Data Deficient&rsquo;.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/bij.12195","usgsCitation":"Sargis, E.J., Woodman, N., Morningstar, N.C., Reese, A.T., and Olson, L., 2014, Island history affects faunal composition: the treeshrews (Mammalia: Scandentia: Tupaiidae) from the Mentawai and Batu Islands, Indonesia: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 111, no. 2, p. 290-304, https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12195.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"304","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-051997","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473228,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12195","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":280742,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280741,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12195"}],"country":"Indonesia","otherGeospatial":"Mentawai;Batu Islands","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 93.84,-11.25 ], [ 93.84,6.97 ], [ 131.0,6.97 ], [ 131.0,-11.25 ], [ 93.84,-11.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce7481e4b073e0995b2ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sargis, Eric J.","contributorId":100726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sargis","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodman, Neal 0000-0003-2689-7373 nwoodman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-7373","contributorId":3547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodman","given":"Neal","email":"nwoodman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":485454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morningstar, Natalie C.","contributorId":31293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morningstar","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reese, Aspen T.","contributorId":23826,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reese","given":"Aspen","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Olson, Link E.","contributorId":60927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Link E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":485457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70047737,"text":"70047737 - 2014 - Ground motion in the presence of complex topography: Earthquake and ambient noise sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-29T11:13:00","indexId":"70047737","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T11:58:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground motion in the presence of complex topography: Earthquake and ambient noise sources","docAbstract":"<p>To study the influence of topography on ground motion, eight seismic recorders were deployed for a period of one year over Poverty Ridge on the east side of the San Francisco Bay Area, California. This location is desirable because of its proximity to local earthquake sources and the significant topographic relief of the array (439 m). Topographic amplification is evaluated as a function of frequency using a variety of methods, including reference‐site‐based spectral ratios and single‐station horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratios using both shear waves from earthquakes and ambient noise. Field observations are compared with the predicted ground motion from an accurate digital model of the topography and a 3D local velocity model. Amplification factors from the theoretical calculations are consistent with observations. The fundamental resonance of the ridge is prominently observed in the spectra of data and synthetics; however, higher‐frequency peaks are also seen primarily for sources in line with the major axis of the ridge, perhaps indicating higher resonant modes. Excitations of lateral ribs off of the main ridge are also seen at frequencies consistent with their dimensions. The favored directions of resonance are shown to be transverse to the major axes of the topographic features.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Stanford","doi":"10.1785/0120130088","usgsCitation":"Hartzell, S.H., Meremonte, M., Ramírez-Guzmán, L., and McNamara, D., 2014, Ground motion in the presence of complex topography: Earthquake and ambient noise sources: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 104, no. 1, p. 451-466, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130088.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"451","endPage":"466","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-050721","costCenters":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280770,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Santa Clara Valley","otherGeospatial":"Diablo Mountains; Poverty Ridge","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.0,37.2 ], [ -122.0,37.6 ], [ -121.6,37.6 ], [ -121.6,37.2 ], [ -122.0,37.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"104","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2013-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce747ee4b073e0995b2dd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartzell, Stephen H. 0000-0003-0858-9043 shartzell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-9043","contributorId":2594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartzell","given":"Stephen","email":"shartzell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":482862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meremonte, Mark","contributorId":56968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meremonte","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramírez-Guzmán, Leonardo","contributorId":45946,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramírez-Guzmán","given":"Leonardo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNamara, Daniel","contributorId":103566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":482865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70056084,"text":"70056084 - 2014 - Responses of predatory invertebrates to seeding density and plant species richness in experimental tallgrass prairie restorations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T11:39:23","indexId":"70056084","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":682,"text":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Responses of predatory invertebrates to seeding density and plant species richness in experimental tallgrass prairie restorations","docAbstract":"In recent decades, agricultural producers and non-governmental organizations have restored thousands of hectares of former cropland in the central United States with native grasses and forbs. However, the ability of these grassland restorations to attract predatory invertebrates has not been well documented, even though predators provide an important ecosystem service to agricultural producers by naturally regulating herbivores. This study assessed the effects of plant richness and seeding density on the richness and abundance of surface-dwelling (ants, ground beetles, and spiders) and aboveground (ladybird beetles) predatory invertebrates. In the spring of 2006, twenty-four 55 m × 55 m-plots were planted to six replicates in each of four treatments: high richness (97 species typically planted by The Nature Conservancy), at low and high seeding densities, and low richness (15 species representing a typical Natural Resources Conservation Service Conservation Reserve Program mix, CP25), at low and high seeding densities. Ants, ground beetles, and spiders were sampled using pitfall traps and ladybird beetles were sampled using sweep netting in 2007–2009. The abundance of ants, ground beetles, and spiders showed no response to seed mix richness or seeding density but there was a significant positive effect of richness on ladybird beetle abundance. Seeding density had a significant positive effect on ground beetle and spider species richness and Shannon–Weaver diversity. These results may be related to differences in the plant species composition and relative amount of grass basal cover among the treatments rather than richness.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.024","usgsCitation":"Nemec, K.T., Allen, C.R., Danielson, S.D., and Helzer, C.J., 2014, Responses of predatory invertebrates to seeding density and plant species richness in experimental tallgrass prairie restorations: Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, v. 183, p. 11-20, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.024.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"20","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-052433","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280716,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":280715,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.10.024"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","county":"Hall County","city":"Wood River","otherGeospatial":"Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98.678837,40.71317 ], [ -98.678837,40.842276 ], [ -98.504995,40.842276 ], [ -98.504995,40.71317 ], [ -98.678837,40.71317 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"183","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce7484e4b073e0995b2de7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nemec, Kristine T.","contributorId":24650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nemec","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Danielson, Stephen D.","contributorId":77041,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Danielson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Helzer, Christopher J.","contributorId":41724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helzer","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":486321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70049015,"text":"sir20135178 - 2014 - The lifecycle of silver in the United States in 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-08T09:47:04","indexId":"sir20135178","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T09:40:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2013-5178","title":"The lifecycle of silver in the United States in 2009","docAbstract":"<p>Because silver is highly sought after for its properties, which make it eminently suitable for new technology applications, a clear understanding of the flow of materials in the economy, the historical context, and trends for the future can help project the future of silver in the economy of the United States. Silver has many properties that are desired in today’s economy. It has superior electrical and heat conductivity, chemical stability, high-temperature strength, malleability, and other characteristics that make it important in high-tech electronic and other industrial applications. Because it is relatively scarce as a natural resource and is easily coined, silver historically has been an important monetary metal. As knowledge of silver chemistry has increased, many industrial end uses have been developed.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>This study reviews the flows of silver into various end uses and examines the nature of the end use with respect to the silver properties desired and the ability of the end use to produce recyclable end-of-life materials. For the most part, silver can be profitably recycled, but the recycling activity is helped by tipping fees (fees imposed on scrap generators by scrap collectors for taking the material) for materials that might otherwise be regulated as hazardous wastes. New high-technology applications use silver in nanolevel amounts, leading to a potential for dissipative loss and reduced recycling capability.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20135178","usgsCitation":"Goonan, T.G., 2014, The lifecycle of silver in the United States in 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5178, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20135178.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-045587","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":280697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir20135178.jpg"},{"id":280696,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5178/"},{"id":280695,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2013/5178/pdf/sir2013-5178.pdf"}],"country":"United States","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"52ce7485e4b073e0995b2deb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goonan, Thomas G. goonan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goonan","given":"Thomas","email":"goonan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":486029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70074658,"text":"70074658 - 2014 - Seabed fluid expulsion along the upper slope and outer shelf of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T10:05:08","indexId":"70074658","displayToPublicDate":"2014-01-08T09:34:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seabed fluid expulsion along the upper slope and outer shelf of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin","docAbstract":"Identifying the spatial distribution of seabed fluid expulsion features is crucial for understanding the substrate plumbing system of any continental margin. A 1100 km stretch of the U.S. Atlantic margin contains more than 5000 pockmarks at water depths of 120 m (shelf edge) to 700 m (upper slope), mostly updip of the contemporary gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Advanced attribute analyses of high-resolution multichannel seismic reflection data reveal gas-charged sediment and probable fluid chimneys beneath pockmark fields. A series of enhanced reflectors, inferred to represent hydrate-bearing sediments, occur within the GHSZ. Differential sediment loading at the shelf edge and warming-induced gas hydrate dissociation along the upper slope are the proposed mechanisms that led to transient changes in substrate pore fluid overpressure, vertical fluid/gas migration, and pockmark formation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/2013GL058048","usgsCitation":"Brothers, D., Ruppel, C., Kluesner, J., ten Brink, U., Chaytor, J., Hill, J.C., Andrews, B., and Flores, C., 2014, Seabed fluid expulsion along the upper slope and outer shelf of the U.S. Atlantic continental margin: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, no. 1, p. 96-101, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058048.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"96","endPage":"101","numberOfPages":"6","ipdsId":"IP-052938","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":473229,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058048","text":"External Repository"},{"id":281871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281816,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058048"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Margin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.0,34.0 ], [ -77.0,44.0 ], [ -65.0,44.0 ], [ -65.0,34.0 ], [ -77.0,34.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"41","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd719ee4b0b29085107ca1","chorus":{"doi":"10.1002/2013gl058048","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013gl058048","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","authors":"Brothers D. S., Ruppel C., Kluesner J. W., ten Brink U. S., Chaytor J. D., Hill J. C., Andrews B. D., Flores C.","journalName":"Geophysical Research Letters","publicationDate":"1/8/2014","auditedOn":"7/10/2016"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brothers, D.S.","contributorId":76953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brothers","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruppel, C.","contributorId":82050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppel","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kluesner, J.W.","contributorId":94208,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kluesner","given":"J.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"ten Brink, Uri S. 0000-0001-6858-3001 utenbrink@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6858-3001","contributorId":127560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"ten Brink","given":"Uri S.","email":"utenbrink@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Chaytor, J.D.","contributorId":80936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chaytor","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hill, J. C.","contributorId":100878,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Andrews, B.D.","contributorId":87737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"B.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Flores, C.","contributorId":78587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flores","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
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